Semper Floreat, Voluine45, Number 3. 20th March 197S. Registered for iransmliision by Pose as a newspsper, Calegory B. SEMPER FLOREAT

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s-tsiTfiri^ .gerrymander joh . carbotv-copy chalk • hang-em hinze .battlin' burns « i'm-alright-jack egerton Mmptr iloraat • ' , ••-•J Many parents must work to pay high interest rates for housing, to pay fifeh rents and for the ever-increasing cost of very basic food items. There is no evidence to show that crime-free children are the re- suU of mothers staying at home. Slajatcring of working hours nay help if child c~arc centres and schools open early letters in Ihe morning. Children need the best possibk; start in knowledge is a knowledge that goes way life and welfare of children no longer de­ PALESTINE/ISRAEL back beyond the point where learning pends on parents alone. Dear Editor, starts to take place ... whetiier we are re­ W.E.L. has a policy for school-age child EDITORIAL ferring to that poinl in regard to our org­ care incorporating complete communhy in- Because the situation rc Palestine - anic development or to our "super-impos­ tcgralion into school life so that people Israel is a complex one, I do not as yet ed cducatwn." . from all walks of life arc involved, and all have any fixed views of black or white or No amount of such education, which levels of Government may pool their re­ right or wrong sides. I loathe indiscrimin­ very often leads our minds away from sources in school care committees. ate killings in hi-jackings but I am also our true selves, or indulges in partial Instead of condemning women who implacably opposed lo theocratic or sec­ truths which twist and twine their ways work outside the home, everyone can work tarian slates. through the incredible pathways of our together in taking responsibility for child- AN APOLOGY i am very interested in the silualion so brains, can pinpoint that very core of len, as occurs elsewhere in Australia and I read Joe Monsour and Nick Cowen's art­ our existence which explains cvcfything, ovcr.seas. icles carefully. Only once did I feel moved and hence resolves, dissolves the funda­ lo great anger by arguments used. This oc­ mental cause of alienation. Yours truly. We were sitting in the editorial office curred in Nick Cowen's article when he Personally, I've found that I have Heather Wiitiams. in the dawn hours before going to press, asked a rhetorical question "Why didn't started lo gain self-knowk;dge through (WEL member) they jtht; Palestinians] plant trees and meditation and that process is allowing talking over possible editorial topics {we build cities to prove their love of th© me to discriminate more purposefully do that quite often, you know). land'" and effectively between the possible alter­ SOCIAL WORK I have spent a targe pari of the last three natives Ihat 1 might follow up in my life, REFLECTIONS whether in service of my ego, or of hum- "Nothing momentous happens on cam­ years rcsearchin)> the true history of and get- ON REFLECTIONS tirig to know Aboriginal Australians. One of anhy. And thus 1 am less inclined to point' pus anymore," said someone. The vocal the most often quoted arguments used by the finger at others as ignorant and misled A Reply to Mal McCouat Left of yesteryear are growing older, and, white AusUalians for the mass slaughter and as they may be, for my inadequacies, and more able to fulfil the roles that 1 take on whether they're mellowing or yellowing, forcible removal of Aborigines from tlieb Mai's ppen letter seems to confirm several sacred land was thai of NiekCowen's. A in an adequate and responsible manner. of the problems wilh which social wotk is they are vocal only spasmodically these first year Anthropology student could ex­ faced, days; there arc no moratoriums now; plain the difference between various soc­ First, writing an Open Letter instead of Marg. Petherick. people at Union Council meetings throw ieties and cultures. Asking why Palestinians an article or a letier-to-the-cditor personalisei didn't build cities is like asking the Jews the situation. This is a trap that social work­ words at each other instead of fists and why they dkln't build beautiful Catholic ers often fall inlo, similar to the old ad chairs; this year's crop of freshers seems cathedrals as proof of their civilization. homincm approach. I addressed my article I find it ironical and very sad that a to the political and Ihcorclical issues under­ to be just passing through, as usual, wait­ representative of a peopk which suffered JIM VARGHESE pinning s.w. practice. This was not merely ing to grab their degrees as they pass the so much in the hands of I'ascist, race chau­ a statement of my individual opinion so exit sign. Nothing momentous is happen­ vinists should use an argument oflcn used The Editor, much as a sumtmiy of views expressed throughout the western world. There is ing. by the While Australians who were the only race to succcssfuly complete genocide. In reply to David Franken's "Snippil" a serious debate going on, not a minor dif­ When Ihc remnants ofthe Tasmanian on Jim Varghese in ihe last issue of Semper ference of opinion ambngst a few people Yet once in a while, something happens. aboriginal race lived out the last few years Floreat it is essential to bring up two in Brisbane. of Jheir exile from the land of their birth, points in relation lo Jim's removal from The last two paragraphs of Mai's letter Something small. they would struggle to the top of the hill the A.U.S. ofRce of General Vice Presi­ arc particularly personal. It is difncult to on their island prison and tears would dent. The first and really importanl one, know how to take the expression "....the stream down Ihcir face as they sighted' is a poinl of principle. A.U.S. members Department famine years gave you the Like Wednesday, March 12th, when tlK! sucred land uf IlKir birth. I tlnd this despite warnings and threats of contempt freedom to teach what you wished ...", Neville Curtis came to the Refectory and fargreatcf"proor'«f a love for their land, of court proceedings, regarded thepoli- and "Students heard your Weas, and the tried lo communicate with student din­ than any buildings or cities. lics of Jim Varghese, and the right to dis­ Department allowed this to happen", and cuss openly these poUtics as fundamental "... you availed yourself of that opportun­ ers. He gave the task away - defeated by Yours in peace. to A.UiS. policy {1 am not saying however ity and now criticise the group of people the clamour and by the complete disre­ Julianne Schwenke Ihat A.U.S. and especially its executive who gave it to you." At least, this is rather gard shown by people feeding their faces consistently adheres to the position.) What patronising. More seriously there is an im­ was being tried was the right of A.U.S. to plication that if the departmenl can allow as if food were going out of style. discuss openly serious issues on hand and these things to happen they can also not the right of recall of ofnccrs. allow them to happen. DM my views put It's hardly worth mentioning - it was MOTOR CYCLE SURVIVAL A.U.S. members rightly rejected the me outside this group in some way? Would assumptions underlying recognition of . expressions like "allow" be used when a small event in itself - a man talked, and bear E)ditor, bourgeois courts as neutral and in the traditional ideas are being put forward? nobody listened. best interests of the people. .This whole sentiment confirms the view 1 must congratulate you and Ron A.U.S. is opposed to bourgeois law I put originally that some ideas arc not Muir for the cxrellcnt article on Motor which is discriminatory, unjust and taken sertously but are tolerated as long He spoke about oppression - the op­ t:ycic Survival in the last Semper. Having whose fundamental principles are based as they are relegated to a minority or pression of millions of human beings who survived 5 years of riding in Brisbane's on private properly. The law does not deviant position. Presumably this is the operate outside the context of a given meaning behind Mai's anxiety that "first are arrested yearly because they are found chaotic traffic might! heartily endorse the article particularly Gregg Hansford's com­ society. It is an institution of that society year students" might read what I said. without a pass, who are forced into slave ment that motorcyclists must treat every and as such is Ihe body of rules which leg­ This raises the question: are they supposed labour situations, who are poorly educat­ car as Ihough its driver rcally wants to alises and legitimates the existing social to get the official indoctrination Tirst so run over you. relations. In our case these are bourgeois' that other ideas will be perceived as strange, ed, who are denied a vote, who live their social relations, or to be more precise, or do we respect their judgment in making entire lives in a segregated society. M.Heniy property relations within which a class up their own minds about all the ideas that produces the surplus value of social pro­ come to them during their years of study? duction (it is, the working class) and ano­ What is a university for, accepting dogma, ther appropriates that surplus value (the It was a small event in itself - but UNION COUNCIL or promoting intellectual development? thank God you are not a black student bouigeoisie or the mling class). It is this To kwk at some details. (Constitution and Regulations) fundamentally exploitive relationship Mal says I am not presenting facts. A in South Africa. which the law legitimates and through The Editor, perusal of my article will show this to be which judges adjudicate. false. But one of the problems of social This is just a note to say how much 1 The right of the courts to dictate work is that il will not face up to unpal­ enjoyed Where the Wild Things Are by what shoukl or should not be discussed, atable Findings, such as the continuing in­ M.S. (whoever she is*). But tnere is no to curtail freedom of action, to be dis­ stitutionalisation of defenceless pcopte, mention in the arliclc of what the brawl criminatory and lo be ultimately oppres­ serious poverty, the lack of proof that is all about. Could it be that M.S. doesn't sive, Is a right which 'progressive students' casework is effective, and so on. know why Union Council exists? Could il in A.U.S. rejected and challenged after It was very surprising to see my views be she * doesn't know who council serves? much discussion at January Council. described as "narrow", when 1 was discus­ Let me give her * a hint: When It is hurt. This leads us to tbe second point, that sing philosophical and political notions, and Council amends It. When It is threatened any discussion of anything whatsoever in wiote "The psyche, the individual, the by nasty councilors dressed in black, with connection wilh Jim Varghese was regard­ family, the local communiiy arc not un­ STAFF ed as sub jiidice in (Iw eyes of the law. In the venom of ill-will dripping from theb important; but they need to be understood left-wing fangs, councillors dressed in practice this was au attempt to gag discus­ in the political context." Can anything be while, whose right wing fangs drip pure sion. It was invoked in order lo stifle any less narrow? honey (the sweetness of good-will), spring criticism. The Open Letter says that "a group like to It's defence {The fad that councillors The essence of the situation is this - social work needs to retain bolh kinds of in \^h(tc secretly wanted, for their own Jim is dedicated to a particularly reaclwn- commitment", meaning counselling as weU EDITOR Jan Turner-Jones purposes, what It wanted, is never men­ ary brand of non-violence. It is the non­ as "coUeclWe activity". The word "retain" tioned - this vyould expose the entire violence of compromise, of trouble-diooi- is misleading, as social work is only really ASSISTANT EDITOR Anne Draper farce and that in turn woukl mean that Ing for the powers Ihat be In any conflict . committed on the whole to counselling - at half-time the positions could not effect­ silualion which has the potential in word CHIEF OP STAFF Julianne Schultz at any rale, certainly not lo political hass­ ively be reversed.) ' and/or deed to challenge the irrational ling or structural change. INTERNATIONAL Vicki Noble And why does Council seek to serve authority of those powers, of, in the final Of course, (am aware that social work ll, to defend It, to amend It, to worship analysis dressing up the decaying body of does not command "the resources and UNION NEWS Peter Phillips It??? Surety because witlwut It there this system with trendy words of hollow strategics necessary to achieve large-scale would be nothing to do - No rules, pur­ progressivism. Jim's dedication lo non­ social change", but the real point is Ihal ACTIVITIES Heather Ross pose or dircciion to the brawl. And (perish violence is a dedication to holding back political commitment is not so much a the thought) Council would have no rea­ fundamental social change. And it is this question of particular kinds of action. It JOURNALISTS Laurence Gormley son tu meet. But no one must mention which many members uf A.U.S. ultimate­ is an attitude thai permeates all actions, in­ Ihat possibility, or even think il, because ly recognised when they voted him oul of cluding one-to-one discussions, office, John Campbell It can read minds, you know. And if It Conflict strategies are not "inconsistent suspects Council may not meet for wor­ Caroline Mann with an ideal of inaeasing cooperation", ALSO ship. It will be offended and will have to M.T. witness llic revolution in China which has be amended and this will require a two- Bruce Dickson led to a cooperative society. Unkss wc Ihlrds majorily (It says so) - and Council oppose our very competitive social system may not have tht numbers (which It de­ CRIME-FREE CHILDREN David Franken we will not be able to chaise it. TImsc not mands) and wouldn't that be awful for It. against it arc for it, Alan Peterson Now then M.S. - THREE GUESSES. The Editor, The most serious objection I have to the Open letter is that it simply ignores Bill Michael * A generic term relaliitg to someone It seems that women in the workforce the mam points of my article. What should of either sex. are welcome to work if they can afford to, be done about oppression, deprivation, pov­ COVER Cathy May according to Mrs Kippin (CM. 28.2.75). erty, etc etc? What should be done to stop Eric Kroll Women in privileged positions do not exptoitalton by professionals of the welfare PUBLICATIONS SEC Annmaree O'Keeffe always realise the anxiety that is caused system and of their "clifciits"? Where do par ALIENATION women with chikiren before deciding to t cular Individuals stand politically? Whose BUSINESS MANAGER JuUanne Schwenke go out to work. Some women are tempted side IS the profession on? What are the thco- Dear Editor, to go out to work by persuasive advertis­ retijal arguments against my position? Deborah Schwenke ing of material goods, but tlicre are married The answer to Ross Morton's artide In women as well as all Ihe mothers und fat­ ; ^l! pleading lor open debate on these PROCESSED BY CPL/CAT the recent edition of "Semper Floreal" hers bringing up a family alone, who have kinds of Issues, loget away from tlic more and particularly hi relation to his reference no choice but to go out to work. subtle Influences which are dominant when 10 BaUey St., West End. Ph 446021 • theoretical and political matters are reduced to exclusion from educatkmal inslitutions • Men usually are not responsible for as being the ultima le alienation, I woukl to differences in personal opinion. If the the day-to-day business of bringlng'up university is to bo alive, first year students very simply like to say Ihat: diildrcn und do not have to answer to The ultimate alienation that we ahnost -- and all others - should be Involved in Copy deadlines for issues 4 & 5 their conscience In tlie same way that these debates. all (probably all) suffer from is alienation some women do before working outsUe 21 March 1975 and 1 April 197S. from SELF. That is very obvious.. But.self- the home. Hany ThroMell ^continued on page 21 sen^pm fiorgat,, 3 C ««f i4«iri af B t f 33 > > 111 1111E1 EII « (I! I «. J « « (.l.frl f * S »** Mi-Mtfle Ji»< T', ff'. I t • • ! > I • • . -^.l snipiDings "FREE PRESS (N A CAPITALIST FASHION AT THE FAIR SCARE TACTICS SOCIETY" The following is a letter that was Although many Australians may have sent to the University Labor Gub just niggling doubts about the freedom and before the State election in December lack of bias in their press, it is very rare last year. (hat proof of it conies to light. However, Dear Friends, Palestine Forum of January and February I am an aged pensioner, so I have 1975 exposed an example of this activity no axe to grind - but it is about the elec­ in.one of Australia's more respected news­ tion papers - The Australian. tn the December 7th election we the According to the article in this bi­ electors decide, not if Joh Bjelke-Peter­ APOLOGY monthly journal, at the end of January sen, Sir G. Chalk or Mr Tucker becomes the Friends of PaJesline, al the Jjejgbt of the Premier of Ihis Stale, the issues are media interest in the P.L.O. -Israeli dc> (a) Ross Clark threatens lo tum ath­ far deeper - as 1 see it - if we muff bate, decided to put a half page ad in the this change, not only do we lose Queens­ eist unless we apologise for proof-read­ Australian, The ad was booked on Mon 27 ing oversights in his article "Very hike land, but Australia, its Chile all over January, 1975, and scheduled to appear on again and for the same reason - miner­ a whale" (issue 2). page four of the paper on Friday 31 Jan. The International Women's Day als - The Petersens, Chalks, Sncddens The text for the ad was delivered on the and Anthony's, wealthy puppets, or war­ (b) Joe Monsour threatens to bomb Wednesday of this week, and the price of Fair in King Gdorge Square provid­ ed an interesting array of the New lords as 1 call them - arc only the lip of our offices unless we tell you there are $1,400 was agreed upon. The ad was sub­ the iceberg. 3.2 million Palestinians (and not 2 mil­ Seasons Fashion. sequently cleared by lawyers, being a poli­ The local press, radio and TV - all lion as advised in "Two Points of View" tical ad this was a standard procedure, it Mr Bruce Hawker, well known soc­ (issue 2)). ialite, set the scene by his choice of fad­ part of the propaganda or the money- had been decided that the representatives making, or the same big companies, brain of Friends of Palestine would check the ed blue denim jeans tastefully combin­ ed with a matching, open neck, powder wash us every day, 'aboui Ihe "bad" Aus­ Peace everyone!! proof copy of the ad and pay the money tralian Government! Over the years on the Thursday. blue shirt. Bruce Dickson, showed great use oi we hear so much about the "wonderful" However, on the Thursday they receiv­ colour with his combination of olive Menzie Government - as I see il we are ed a phone call from the Australian's ad­ green jeans and contrasting black sleeve­ still paying for this era and the grave-mis­ THEFT ON CAMPUS vertising department saying that the ad less top nicely set off by matching acc­ takes, for example large sums of money would not appear because "top manage- essories. to wealthy schools, the Petrov affair, me.il upstairs refused to publish Ihe ad" Fill, last and not the least the dread­ and no other reasons were given. Howewr the fashion award must go to Mr Jim Beatson of Saint Luda. Jim ful Vietnam war and 800 young men In the editorial of Palestine Foruni it was looking very mod, with a new sha­ died for this. This Government retained was claimed that the ad was repressed ped haircut and his casual attire of blue power for 23 years because tliey scared " "in order not to upset some senior Jew­ jeans and complimenting pink and the wits out the ignorant with fear, re­ ish members of the staff". One of those green stripcdchceseclolh top. member the Chinese hordes and Comm­ unists all coming to take us over etc, is the editor of another Murdoch news­ With this sort of talent around the paper, whose anti-Arab hysterics know with the help of the Press once again fashion world need have no fears. il worked. no bound." In the article il is made quite Point taken - we hope! CD clear that in the past Letters to the Edi­ Please young folks, ils up to you , tor have been accepted by tlie newspap­ A.D. think about the kind of Auslralia you er. Although it is staled that similar sit­ want to live in and go out and shout it uations with advertisements have arisen from tbe roof top.s - once all oppositi­ before - but at least then the situation on is stilled by this Government, then I had been explained. think of Hitler and Dictators and ils a To add insult to injury on the Satur­ poor outlook for all of us day following the Friday which had been Sincerely, intended to include this ad, a long letter by Mr Julius Stone was included. Mr Stone is one of the strongest supporters Well, what more can we say! of the Israeli-Zionist cause in Australia. The A.B.C. current affairs programme SMOKOS The Security Officers on campus have P.M., found out about the events and in­ terviewed representatives of the Friends received large numbers of reports of thefts ..eh of students belongings. Among the more of Palestine, however, as is the right of major losses - one students car was stolen all people, management from the Austra­ lian refused to comment. from Sir William McGregor Drive and half Now that Uni is back in full swing, a dozen brief cases are reported missing Maybe it is heartening to see even in the well-loved institution of smoko- from outside the Main Library and Abel this capitalist society that principles are with-slripper is also back. Smith Lecture Theatres. Olher briefcases taken into consideration - and even giv­ One recent "event" held at an off- have been ransacked in the search for val­ en preference over money. But it must be campus site turned inlo a smashing uables. Large quantities of books are dis­ obvious to all that this toying with prin­ fuck-up (and we mean that literally!). appearing. Tony Franks, the officer in ciples should not occur. Otherwise where There was a lot of smashing, and a lot charge of security warns all students to is the line drawn, surely someone can be ot fucking. keep an eye on their belongings. The found who will be offended by almost Another 'event' was held in the Re­ thefts are considered to be the work of every ad ever printed. This is of course lax Block. Between bouts of vomiting, outsiders as past experience has shown just a side issue from the moife important a few drunks tossed lighted cigarette that students are not the main offenders.Ct one of whether in fact a free press does butts out of windows onto the heads of actually exist in this country. D unsuspecting people below, and we have HEIL HITLER.' A.D. il from a reliable source that 12 dozen Ja.S. out of 24 dozen glasses were broken dur­ ing the evening. The Nazi Party of Australia, has com­ Perhaps the only justice hes in the piled a "death list" of more than 600 Aus fact that the stripper didn't show up al tralians. The list consists mainly of com­ NO EXIT this particular' 'event" and an organ­ munists, left-wing trade unionists and HUMPS FIRST iser was heard to mutter: "She must be anti-war activists. There are 187 Queens­ SIGN POSTS LATER mad - knocking back 70 bucks to gel landers on the list, these include - Pro­ if one proceeds along the hallowed her gear off!" D fessor Zelman Cowen, Vice Chancellor corridors of the Forgan-Smith building, of Queensland University, Labor oppos­ one is likely to encounter a number of ition Leader Mr Tom Burns, Senator doors, via which one: naturally proceeds George Georges and black poetess Kath to enter the rooms-in whose walls these Walker. arches are cut. Imagine a chap's surprise This claim was made on Feb 4 1975 on discovering that said orifices are in when the Nazi Parly held a demonstra­ fact not entrances but exits. At least tion in Brisbane. (They also claimed to that is the message clearly conveyed by have a small arms Iraining camp hi ils electrically-lit signs above them, read­ Eagle Corps of "secret soldiers at ing EXlT^till, it does puzzle a chap Bcenleigh.) somewhat, since there is only one door Tliis demonstration allracled a lot in each room. Perhaps Admin thinks oflocal media coverage, and a lot of that students will lose touch with real­ criticism in aitcrnale (left-wing) press. ity during lectures, and forget where the The altemate coverages raised the ques­ nearest exit is. Not likely! tion why Ihe police squad in Queens­ I reckon it's a bloody waste of good land was prepared to grant a permit to taxpayers' money, mate! D the Nazis when very lew "left-wing" groups were given such permits with­ W.H.C. There has been severe criticism of the Uni Admin over the installation of speed out going through a long harassing pro­ humps on MacGregor Drive. cedure. The humps were installed in attempt ANS (Altemate News Service) sug­ HOW TO WIN FRIENDS AND to reduce cxce^ive speed on campus. Un­ gested that the National-Liberal coali­ INFLUENCE PEOPLE fortunately the Admins timing of the in­ tion in Queensland has had a long trad­ stallation may have generated a lot of un­ RADICAL ECOLOGY ition of turning a Nelson's eye to riglu The Brisbane Telegraph is really put­ necessary resistance to the basically good wing violence. And that the Nazi party ting itself out for International Women's idea of physical control of vehicle speed. One of the most significant events in regards Quecnsland as its spiritual Iiome! Year. In an article on (Ms) fplural) Greer In fact the sequence of installation and Reid speaking at a U.N. symposium environmental and urban action yet ex­ was almost the reverse of that which com­ perienced in Australia will be the Radical to mark International Women's Day, mon sense would have called for. They in­ Ecology Conference to be held ih Melb­ the title reads: "The Sheilas Say their stalled the bumps first and wai;ning sign­ oume University over Easter - March 27 Ja.S. Piece". posts later. In the interim many cars have to April 1. It will cover many aspects of Sheilas everywhere - arise and bum almost come to grief and a motorcyclist Australian and international environmen­ your Teles. D took a nasty fall. . Q tal movements. For further informatton write to: Box 183 P.O. Broadway 4000. J,T.J. M. H. 4 s«wp8r (loreat This is probably a hangover from the days in which fhe subgraduate diploma in journalism was offered. It was then primarily a theoretical course. Both Mr Land (ihe acting head of the department while Mr Deakin is absent on sabatical leave) and Mr Stokes want to see this emph­ journalism asis change. Mr Stokes said to his first year class this year: •'Tlie purpose of the course is for you learn how to write yyrg^wiffggi'^j^^gg'^r—gi^—gB--—y— good journalism is an art worlhy of cultivation. A his­ tory course in journalism is a barren and futile way of approaching the discipline." ABOLISH LECTURES Mr Land would like to sec this go even further. He believes that: "Althougli lectures have been used for cen­ turies in academic institutions - they arc not necessarily the best way to approach journalism." He would like to see a change in the course structure, with the three hours allocated for teaching being weighted in favor of tutor­ ials, to the extent that "we cut down on lectures until people get iip and say 'there are too many tutorials, we need more lectures so we can learn about such and such.'" As a distinguished American journalist, and a graduate ofthe Columbia School of Journalism, Mr Land, sees journalism as a practical course, althougli not to the ex­ tent that University courses should not exist. In this light he cannot overestimate the value of tutorials, "they should act as the hub of the system, with experienced people in various facets of journalism and the media, off­ ering advice and guidance lo the students interested in them." Although this is the attitude of the staff, over the past years there have been a number of complaints by students about the historical weighting of the course. In the past this weighting has been quite significant. First year students learnt about the history of British news­ papers, radio and television. Second year students were lectured about the very early history ofthe British press (circa 1400 A.D.) and third year students learnt about the history of the American press, radio and television. This, of course, is not completely rigid, with a degree of overlap and information on the media in other countries also given. The major argument in favour of such histor­ ical emphasis is that it: "puts journalism in its proper per­ spective, and helps students to recognize alternative forms for newspapers, radio and television, compared with the media outlets they are accustomed to." As it existed however, many students noticed a gap when it came to an examination of Australian press, radio and television. Many regretted the sparsity of lecture in­ formation about these Australian media - their history, ownership and impact on the'community. This lack has c-'^.-j.'' •"-•t •.':'• ••* "-. • ••-"i.iU Vc 'V'-*^.^: •"'rli-""'-'"^-''^"'"-''' r'^T'^rr been due at least in part, to the paucity of printed infor­ mation readily available about the mass media in Austra­ ANALYSIS In addition by the mid-sixties, diploma courses were lia. being viewed with great distaste by university adminis­ trations, and the University ofQueensland was no ex­ EXAMINE AUSTRALIAN MEDIA Journalism and journalists are romantic words, the ception. The diploma course then available was phased ' Indirectly, this has been raised with the committee in­ stuff of cheap novels and Superman cartoons, which con- out in 1969-70 and the sub-department was established vestigating the department. One of the arguments supp­ jur up fanciful images which rapklly crumble when con­ to replace fhe old course - changing both the content orting the expansion of the sub department, to at least fronted with the real world of journalbm. The imagery and nature of the course. The new department was en­ departmental level, is so that this sort of examination of of long hours, galloping deadlines, boozy pub gatherings, dowed with a grant of S34,400 for initial running ex­ the Australian media can be undertaken. There has been extended lunches, anti-academia, repressive libel laws, oli­ penses, by Queensland Newspapers and several Brisbane very little research into Australian press, radio, television garchic managements and the A.J.A. (Australian Journ­ commercial television stations, as course attendance is - especially by comparison with the volumes available alists Associations) take over. compulsory for the cadets from these organisations. relating to the American and British media. A deparl­ It is in the fight against the more negative of these EXPERIENCED JOURNALISTS ment of Journalism could be the centre for this type of that the sub-department of Journalism at the University research. ofQueensland - the only university course in journalism When the sub-department wa? initiated, Mr Deaken The suggestions to the committee have been basically in Australia - is involved. taught 137 students. These numbers startled those in­ that: A) the sub-department maintain ils sub-depart­ The Department of Journalism is, in fact, a sub-depart­ volved in the course. Since then, however an additional mental status, or B) that il gradually expand, system­ ment of the Department of Government. This association staff member has been added each year, and student atically adding extra staff members and gaining more arose, because when the sub-department was formed in numbers have also grown accordin^y, with 320 students equipment, or C) that it be changed into a School of 1970, the man who received the job of forming the de­ this year. In mid 1972 My My rick Land arrived to take Journalism, in much the same way as there are schools partment, Mr Graeme Deakin, rmt senior lecturer and up a second lecturing position and in mid-1973 Mr Charles of ^edicin; law, dentistry, architecture et al producing head of the department with three full-time staff mem­ Stokes look up the third positbn of lecturer in the de professionals. Such a school would aim at producing, bers, was offered the choice of working under the depart­ partment. A number of advisers (tutors) have also been either nationally or on a Queensland level, people trained ments of Govemment or English. Due to his interests in employed on a temporary basis from time to time. These in the profession of journalism or D) that it develop into government he opted for the Department of Government. have included Mr Hugh Lunn and Mrs Barbara Land. a department of communications - co-ordinating Uie This is a choice which can be easily rationalised when Each member of the staff is an experienced journalist communications courses taught throughout the Univer­ the complementary nature of news-gathering and politi­ having worked between them on: newspapers, magazines sity, in departments such as En^ish, Sociology, Govem­ cal newsmaking is recognized. An affiliation with the De­ radio, television and non-fiction books, in Australia and ment and Psychology. partment of English would probably have resulted in a overseas. As such the practical side of journalism is heav­ From all accounts it would seem that the second pro­ greater emphasis on the communications side of journa­ ily emphasised in the courise-. posal is most likely to be the one which is recommended. lism. At the moment the Sub-department of Journalism is It has been suggested that within this year an extra staff A Journalism course has been offered at this univer­ the subject of a Vice-Chancellor's Committee, under the member will be employed - possibly a reader - and that sity since 1921, when a three year diploma course was chairmanship of Professor John Westem. The committee with this addition the department would gain independ­ started, sanctioned by the A.J.A. and directed by Queens­ b due to report to (he Vice Chancellor at the end of ent status. land Newspapers. This course was regarded as little more March. In broad terms it is "investigating the department In the lighl ofthe recent move by the staff ofthe than a "finishing school" for journalists, as only practis­ and its future, especially in relation to the number of com ing journalistis were eligible to attend. It provided them Journalism sub-department from the Michie Building, municattons courses presently available in Queensland and ^here they shared the third fioor with the Department with a basic backgroijnd in polilical science, english, eco­ other states. ^^ Government, to the Harlley-Teakle Building, this re nomics, the social sciences and a purely theoretical in­ In its enquiries it has received submissions from the commendation seems even more predictable. This trans- troduction to journalism, taught by academically un­ staff ofthe departmenl representatives of olher commun fer resulted in the acquisition of a "newsroom", in which qualified professional journalists. By I960, only 28 dip­ ications courses ( at Q.I.T. D.D.I.A.E. and Grifi^ith Uni­ students can type and prepare their assignments, and add­ lomas had been awarded. , vcrsily), members ofthe A.J.A. and local media repres­ itional audio visual equipment to be used in the practical The course did not really produce journalists with pro­ entatives. As the Departmenl of Journalism Staff/Stud­ side ofthe radio and television part of the course. fessional status; the few who completed the course had ent Consultative Commitiee was not operative in 1974, great difficulty in so doing. Many had to fight to be giv­ submissions from students wete not sought. The proposal that the status of the department re­ main "sub-departmental", is unlikely to be accepted for en sufficient time off to attend lectures and study, and One ofthe areas being investigated is course content. as a committee member said: "There is an obvious inter­ thereby got even less out of the course. Because of this This directly relates to the staff and sludents - however est in the course, with more than three hundred students poor response the course was discontinued. Tiiose who It isbeing examined in the perspective of the department's enrolled in it did obtain the diploma have commented from: "It was possible expansion. There have bien criticisms ofthe totally useless for me as a journalist and writer", to "it course for overemphasising the history of journalism. was better than nothing and has helped me somewhat." ( CONTINUED NEXT PAGE) tempar floreat 5 »>^4.M T 3,' /T t Qn this question of need, the A J.A. rears its ugly ofthe last professions that want to be professionalised, demic, for those sludents interested in both spheres' head. Since 1918 the AJ.A. has gone through a number maybe because they have not been directly involved in diange (in newspapers, radio and television) can be ach­ of half-hearted attempts lo raise the minimum education­ establishing present courses relating to it," A working ieved much more effectively from within an organisation al standard for journalists - encouraging the diploma . journalist suggested: "Maybe it is a hangover from tbe than from outside. Very Httle attention is paid to academ­ courses which were offered St Queensland, Melboume pioneering days of makeshift." ic research from outside.particularly in the media world." and Perth Universities. However, all these courses folded, This year while the course is still at sub-departmental due to a waning of interest - and now the only course Others have criticised the attitude as it is almost in­ evitable that the profession gain a higher reputation - status, to enable the two staff members to cope with the available at University level is here at the University of 320 students, people working as journalists in Brisbane Queensland. and increased public credibility if the entry standards are raised. In addition, with rising public educational have been invited to assist. In the first semester, Mr Hugh The suggestion of establishing a School of Journalism standards, individual components of the media-mirror Lunn from the Australian is tutoring, as is Mr Phil Hunt is likely to be rejected on a number of grounds, at this ' should also be more highly educated. from 4BK, and Mr Howard Sacre from Channel 0. An stage. The first is that it would require a major capital Mr Charles Stokes has said in addresses to groups in­ A.B.C. producer had also been invited but because of outlay, at which one committee member commented: terested in the media and ils role: "Communities get the the changeover to colour television, was unable to spare "The University would not be willmg or capable of meet­ media they deserve and in a steadily better educated the time. ing such an expense at this stage." This proposal could community and in an increasingly sophisticated sociely, Both Mr Land and Mr Stokes are quite happy with also be opposed on the grounds that Ihere is no identi­ we are going to need more and more highly educated and this arrangement as it brings the students into contact fiable need for it - especially with the journalism cour­ skilled men and women working in the media. Despite with people practising in the sphere in which they may ses which are being offered at various colleges of advan­ the anti-intellecluahsm expressed by some journalists, be interested. "These professionals can advise from their ced education. this is beginning to change. I would not like anyone to practical experience, without stiffling the initiative and Privately, a large number of working journalists in think that because some one has been to university s/he innovation which the students may come up with." Australia would welcome the establishment of a school will make a great journalist, although someone with a lal- It will be interesting to watch the developments of - not only to broaden a journalist's perspective, but eiit for journalism will probably go further with a better the sub-department, especially if it becomes a department also to teach him/her the basic techniques of the in­ education." and is able lo offer a postgraduate course. If it does ex­ dustry before being llirust inlo the world ofa practising This means that it would be ridiculous for the stan­ pand, the Australian media industry is bound to notice journalist. This could promote change and iniative in a dards to be applied so rigjdly, that no one other than a - as will the public, which presently "bears tlie burden" somewhat tradition-bound industry. It would also be university graduate could be eligible lo enter the profes­ of a lot of local journalistic ineptitude. Q welcomed by those critical of the present selection pro­ sion. cess for potential journalists. More so than in many Julianne Shultz The fourth suggestion which has been mooted is that spheres, entry into journalism depends greatly on "who ofthe change ofthe Journalism Sub-department into a Dr Gerhart Wiebe, Dean of School of Public Communication you know." Department of Communications, co-ordinating the var­ Boston Uni said "Journalism in a sense, constitutes the ner­ At the beginning of the century, Schools of Journal­ ious communication courses already available. Professor vous system of a society. Its plays an important role in ism were established in the United Stales. As wilh many Ken Knight, Head ofthe Department of Government and coordinating the parts of the body politic. It provides a new innovations, they were frowned upon by those al­ a member of the Vice Chancellor's Committee investigat­ significant part of the information out of which citizens con­ ready operating successfully under fhe old syslem. With­ ing journalism, said: "Diversity and overiapping is inevit­ struct their impression of the state of things beyond the bo­ in twenty years they were readily accepted, and now able and desirable in a large, vital university - with these undaries of their physical movement. Although much excel­ they produce about one thousand highly skilled potent­ communications courses taughl in various departments, lent journalism has been accomplished by people without ial journalists annually. Many of these graduates are then although Ihey may overiap they are taught from differ­ special training, it is also true that much poor work has literally "snapped up" by major newspapers, magazines, ent perspectives." been done. If a society can afford to give its journalists a radio and television networks. special training, I think it should do so. The process of in­ A number of suggestions have been proffered as to The only way in which Mr Land would sanction such forming citizens about society is too important to be left the reason for this negative attitude towards the further a channelling of communications courses, would be if a to chance. The invaluable training given to young reporters education of journalists, which still exists to a consider­ School of Journalism were to be established. "This would by experienced journalists continues to be important. But able extent in Australia. Professor John Western, Head mean that there could be two streams, one directed ex­ it takes place at a more advanced level when it follows spec­ ofthe Sociology Department, said: "Journalism is one clusively at producing journalists, and the other, more aca­ ial schooling."

LIBRARY BUNGLING Trobe Uni. 1.5 minutes to fill out a library loan card. To say noihing JNVESriGATEDi of the time spent by students standing in queues, and the Both libraries are under-staff and according to Joy time spent by staff in stanlping books and processing (in Guyatt (Undergraduate Librarian) recruiting staff is dif­ the Undergrad. library alone) about 200,000 loans per ficult. Most part-lime staff members arc recruited from year. Tliat is, of course, once the whole operation gets the student body, but they want time off at the vciy off the ground. time the library needs extra hands: during exams. At the moment, the Main Library, according to John Cummings Students have been issued with a Library Number on "copes" and "puts aside less important items". tiieir Student ID cards: that is the five digit number four lines below the nine digit number which is your Student Tlie libraries cannot run efficiently or economically, library Number. Don't worry if you can't find it because the however, while there are dishonest staff and students. One computer forgot to fill in some of them. And some of person's job in Main Library is lo chase up books which the ones it did allocate are "wrong". Library slaff arc On 24 February 1975, the Centra! Library received a the borrower has claimed to have returned but which quick to pass the buck on this issue - any student card book which had been on loan to an academic staff mem­ haven't materialised. Last year there were about 500 of botch-ups are the fault of ....Admin. Who else? ber since 1970. This, one is assured, doesn't occur "often". these books lost, presumably deliberately stolen. Apart from reducing man-hours, the computer will en­ However it occurs often'enougli to elicit cdmplaints Meanwhile the Orders Deparlment is understaffed. And sure that there are fewer disputes over fines. Students from inconvenienced students and over-worked library unfortunately it is in the Orders Department that a lot of will accumulate points for overdue books similar to the staff. "bungling" originates. But it isn't always the !)brao''s driving licence system. Depending on the status of the Discrimination in favour of lecturers is justified by fault. It relies on information from lecturers when order­ book (textbook/periodical) a different number of points themi because a lot of Central Library material has been ing, and if books for a specific course aren't ordered ear­ will be given, until a total is reached. And then the pun­ purchased with research grants allocated to them by the ly, they won't be on the shelves for student (and stafQ ishment of exclusion from borrowing will be brought to Administration. In the Undergraduate Library there is use when needed. r bear. "no discrimination": slaff are bound by the same loan It's either "feast or famine" in the Orders Depart­ Students won't be able to get away with borrowing mles as students. Except for one little thing: they are ment: books from overseas arrive in great loads rather more than the prescribed three books at any one time. not fined for bringing back overdue books. than a steady trickle (as a result of containerisation and (A rule which has been impossible to enforce). Push a Some libraiy staff on the loan desks would like to see frequent dock strikes). few buttons and faster dtan you can say "Sam Rayner" fines imposed on faculty members as well as sludents (The It may take up to six months for a book to arrive and any book and ils borrower is revealed. library has no power to fine academic slaff - the only be classified and "processed". If the book has a soft cov­ StiU, they Uiought they had us fooled by tlie sensitis­ University in Australia which does so is Flinders in South . er, part of its "processing" includes being bound. The ing macliine on the exil gate in llie Undergrad library. Not Australia). TTie higher echelons of the library staff don't bindeiy also handles journals and periodicals, and as the very many students know how this ingenious device see any point in fining academics. And for al! those stud­ latter are easfer to work with, books may wait up to a works (and only a handful of staff who have "been ents who have had lo pay up to S5 for over-due books, further six months before staff attend to them. around for years" know). Well, we'll let you into the sec­ you may be comforted to know that they say they don't John Cummings investigated allegations in the last ret: it's an electro-magnetic force harmless to humans see any point in fining stutlents either! Although it is gen­ Semper and said (hat he is "now trying to do something (and, presumably, books)!!! erally agreed that some disciplinary measure is necessary about the bindery. Previously books were taken at ran­ A lot of students who have no intention of stealing lo encourage return of books, fining seemingly doesn't dom for binding - so a book prepared yestered could books inadvertantly set the zinger off. Under t!ie old deter that hard core of "dcliquent borrowers" who incur go to the bindery before one prepared a year ago and at system, one was visually reminded to check for books so many repeated fines (hat libraiy staff know thcjr the bottom of the pile. Now, as books are prepared, they by the presence of Library staff checking belongings. •lames and addresses by heart. will be put into numbered boxes and be taken in order Representations, pointing this out, were made to the Fines are expensive to administer - it costs 30c to en­ of preparation." Also, paperbacks will no longer be auto­ Undergraduate Librarian, Joy Guyatt, by Julianne force a 20c fine. But the non-fining of faculty members matically sent to the bindery, but if their spine is relative­ Schwenke, Library Liaison Officer, and Murray Proctor, IS also expensive: generally if a staff member fails io re­ ly strong will be placed on the shelves immediately after Chairperson of Uie EducaUon Committee of Uie Union. turn books, repealed recall notices are sent out in the cataloguing, and bound when it becomes necessary. In sympathetic response, she had a small warning si^ hope that a guilty conscience will have the same effect The library itself can do no more to speed up the pro­ erected. Tlie bell on Uie zinger was reduced in volume to on an academic as a lightened wallet does on students. cessing of books because the bindery comes under the di­ one necessaty lo alert staff only. Tliis is far better than Well, it does: conscientious staff and students get books rect jurisdiction of Admin. (Ofall the Australian Univer­ an embarrassing horde of gaping students. back on time; selfish staff and students don't. sities which have tiieir own binding services, only in Syd­ The Tertiary Education Institute (TEDI) did a study Recall of books constitutes a large tedious part of lib­ ney Uni and Queensland is the bindery not under the con­ of library use and discovered that it was a lack of com­ rary staff workload. A staff member recently returned trol of the Head librarian). munications between library staff and students which a book after receiving his TENTH recall notice. Deputy Well if that particular problem of inefficiency remains caused a lot of problems. Students didn't have a clue as Librarian of the Main Libraiy, Mr John Cummings, re­ unsolved, a multitude of them is expected to be eased by to how the library worked, and apparenUy preferred to cognises this as inefficient and believes that three recall the introduction of computerised loans. grumble about bureaucracy and lack of books rather notices are ample before furtiier action is taken, c.g. a S70,O00 has been spent on a computer to save labour than ask a staff member. The libraty is endeavouring to personal visit to tlie offending academic or a talk to the jn the Undergraduate Library. The money has been eco­ overcome some of tiiese problems: a full-time Reader Head of his Department. nomically allocated apparently as our syslem will be mtich Education officer, Wendy Cooper, has been appointed Pethaps a more effective method of dealing with aca­ simpler than e.g. Sydney Uni's new $160,000 computer and Readers Advisers are soon to have name-tags. All demic staff would be to temporarily suspend borrowing which does much the same job. this is useless, however, if stude nts d on't use It. O privileges untfl all overdue loans are returned as does La In case you hadn't realised, it takes you an average of Radha Rouse 6^_ijigiglijr;WorHtt .1 I I IF ^" listening to workers the problem Is: 'too much straight ingestion of facts,figures and facile, fuck-witted, class values.-

When my last vacaUon job finished on Christmas Eve, nuitrition in babyhood. The answer was and I quote lo shame anyway. "Oh! But Uiey're al! cretins anyway." I felt ashamed and embarrassed at being a University stu­ Unlike many manual jobs, this particular one lent it­ While I was there, I had medical students telling me dent and loaUie to ever mention the fact, among non- self to arm chair philosophising and discussion because that blacks were mentally inferior and so for that mat­ University people ever again. I had worked for six weeks of ils basically repetitive nalure and comfortable physi­ among several hundred men and maybe len women. Most cal condiiions. Tliis led to long hours of discussion about ter were the working classes. Two science sludents told were middle aged, left school at Junior (a minority) or at the problems of the worid. me Uiat socialism was creeping into Australia and WhiUam was in fact secretly a Communist. scholarship or earlier (vast majority). I had come to rea­ The first big shock came when 1 realized that most of lise fully just what it means to be a spoilt brat of the up­ Uie students didn't know of die existence, let alone care It slowly dawned on me why many workers were an^ per middle class - a University student. about, these woridiy problems. Sure, (hey knew about tagonistic to me at first. They were used to students Working with me were about Uiirty other tertiary stu­ red and white blood cells or pre-Cambrian rocks but making secret jokes about Uiem obviously, and laugh­ dents. Here we were, a small society within a sociely. An third worid famines or racism were another world, un­ ing to their faces. They had heard students sound off elite v^ose education standards far exceeded all those mid­ known and not relevant to theirs. I don't want to go in about a government when they couldn't even describe dle aged people around us. Of course, we must have a far for romantication ofthe working class. Some workers its basic working structure. They had heard Uie com­ superior grasp of Uie problems facing humankind. After minds were really and truly fucked by drink or apathy, ments about cretuis before and had seen students run all, ail those years of education meant that we were Uie or ignorance, but a sizeable portion - somewhere over lo supervisors reporting other workers for minor infrin­ cream of the intellectual crop. We would be the profess­ fifty percent, read two to three newspapers everyday and gements. They could remember when sludents were ionals, the leaders of the future - even of the present, maybe a weekly or two. They listen to Uie radio in Uie used as strike breakers. some dare say - after al! how could all those never beens morning and watch TV news and cun-ent affairs at Basically, middle aged people with a fair bit of exper­ contribute anything. All they were good for, was com­ night. Somewhere less than 5% of the students showed ience in life couldn't be bothered about infantile, im­ ing into this dullsville everyday, doing the same monot­ any similar interest in the worid around them. mature students. One gay student invoked an attitude onous job. We were only there for some money to help Two very different experiences remained clearly in among the regulars of, "well, I s'pose it's his Uiing". us lead our exciting, stimulating lives. We did not have my mind. There were eight of us sitting Uiere. The oUier Among some students, an attitude of pity over his "sick­ to go Uiere - we merely chose to. ll was but a bridge seven were all men, aged from 30 to 50. A couple were ness" was expressed. to cross on the way to belter things. Most of the stud­ migrants, one Soutiiem European, one Scottish. Because Reactionary forces in the community often criticize ents had this inherent feeling of superiority. die Southern European had recently experienced a blat­ university stutients for useless, ivory tower, discussions Somehow, though, I found myself choosing to sit or ant piece of racism he initiated a discussion about racism. or undermining society's values. This is not the problem stand next to Uiose same " ignorant" , dull, middle-aged by any means. The problem is too much straight ingest­ workers rather than the young, slimulated,educated stu­ The conversation eventually came around to Aborigines ion of facts, figuresan d facile, fuck-witted, class values. dents. Something was wrong. in Australia. Some had Aboriginal relations, others had IJniversilies are breeding; laboratories for more and Sometimes, I feel like standing on top of the Admin­ Aboriginal neiglibours, one bloke's daughter was going more resistant strains of upper middle class mosqui­ istration building and shouting what's wrong into a loud out with an Aboriginal boyfriend from work. Generally, toes sucking on the life blood of a worid of real hum­ hailer. "You, your parents and your families are what's Uiey agreed Aborigines had a raw deal, and spent two an "cretins" whose society I prefer. wrong with this country. It's your ideals, morals, "un­ not unfruitful hours discussing ways to alleviate Uieir Some idealistic, refec philosophers talk about libera­ biased", research findings, and great knowledge which is problems. 1 think they had shown that they cared. ting Uie workers. Frankly, they can teach us more Uian oppressing the rest of sociely." Just before lunch I was lifted to a group of sludenis we can teach them. Remember, if that's how you feel Never before in my life had I seen the delineation so and because the conversation was fresh in my mind, I go and listen to some workers for a change - don't be clearly between opiniated and basically immature stud­ initiated a discussion on the same topic. I was told quite so bloody condescending - listen. D ents and those with gut-lsvel, instinctive humane opmions forcefully by three advanced Medical sludenis that the Just because students can express their beliefs in words basic problem was that Aborigines were mentally infer­ ior as were all "niggers"..That was Uieir basic problem. of Uiree syllables means little. Often times Uie workers Julie Greenslade vocabularies would have put an English Honours student I repealed whal one of the workers had said about mal-

HONOURS STUDENTS of the academics, particularly in the fourth year seminars, had a most unpleasant and even pernicious Earlier this year I was talking to a young girl student seminars. This was of course partly because.they were effect on the students: poets, writers, poems, a genre, about whether she should dq honours in the English very overcrowded, but also very much because of a kind would be relegated to a Umbo of 'unintelligent' or Department at this university.*! was puzzled about what of social authoritarianism; the students I spoke to were 'imperceptive' literary worthlessness. And this sense of a to say to her, and she seemed genuinely distressed: she really - often • quite apprehensive about the opinions generalised acceptance of certain norms about had no idea at all of the rigorous academic attitudes and and judgements of their peer students and tutors, so 'intelligence', 'perceptiveness', 'imagination'was not any strict routine of tiitorials, seminars, lectures and essays much so that they'd often remain silent when the-^ had a definite line, and hence was not provocative: it was expected of the honours student. But more importantly, point, or at best speak guardedly, almost flaunting the sometimes rather like trying to climb an escalator she had very little concept of the enormous field of Intellectualised Eng. Lit. jargon and prosody - with moving in the opposite direction. The kind of modern criticism - rich, but often treacherous; and I notable exceptions of course - and you sometimes even dismissiveness I'm talking about sometimes applied to a have the feeling that like many matricsor non-English got the impression that someone had enjoyed a book or student's comments: a discusswn would be in full flow, department undergraduates she imagined that somehow poem. But as that year progressed I was almost someone would say something slightly off the beaten the department was a fairly happy place where people overwhelmed by the tensions in every seminar, by the track, there'd be a slight silence and die tutor would who loved books and poetry got together and talked carefully placed wit, and particularly by the insistence change the subject. I'm not just being tendentious; I've about them. on certain things being understood, taken for granted, spoken to scores of honour students who have had this When I was doing third and fourth year honours viwrk presumed. Of course there's nothing wrong with taking feeling, a fusion of frustration and nervousness. certain things for granted, but the air of urbane in the department in 1968 it seemed to me that there Mark Razy was a rarely relenting lugubriousness and unease in omniscient dismissiveness on the part of at least a couple * Melbourne University

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More and more non-smokers, who make up about ide produces these effects by combining more readily 100,000 births, the mean weight of infants born lo smok- J two-thirds of the adull population are complaining with the hemoglobin in Ihe blood than oxygen does, ing mothers was 6.1 ounces less Ihan that of infants born publicly about sharing their air with the smoking min­ producing a mixture called carboxyhemoglobin- to non-smokers. ority. Carbon monoxide thus forces some of ihe oxygen Docs a difference of a few ounces in a newborn baby's And with good reason. We ali know thai smokers out ofthe blood, making the heart work harder lo weight really matter? Not all the studies agree on this risk serious injury lo their heallh. But, recent studies obtain Ihc oxygen it needs. point, but some ofthe most extensive indicate thai weight indicate that the smoking minority is endangering In subjects witli no history of heart disease, the affects infant mortality. The 1958 British Perinatal [near everyone else's health as well. Non-smokers who get effects of carbon monoxide begin when the concentra­ or around ihc lime of birth] Morlality Study (it was pub­ trapped in close proximity to tobacco users end up tion of carbon monoxide in an enclosed area rises to lished in 1969) of 17,000 births shows (hal the mortality wilh smoking health problems of their own. about 50 lo 100 parls per nuilion (ppm) for about an of smokers' babies was "significantly higher" than that of In shori, when one tiiird smokes, everyone hour and a half. Over a longer period, lesser concen­ non-smokers. Another study, this one of almost 5000 pre­ smokes. Scientirieally the phenomenon is called trations produce tlie same effect. One experiment shows gnancies in Paris, found that the risk of stillbirth was sig­ passive smoking which simply means breathing the that a non-smoker wlio sils in a room wilh a level of nificantly higher for cigarette smokers than for non-smo­ smoke from someone else's cigarette, cigar or pipe. about 38 ppm for a littie over an hour inhales as much kers. Scientific studies of the heallh effects of passive smo­ carbon monoxide as if lie had smoked one cigarette. A Some researchers have been shown tliat childhood king began in the 1950s, but interest in ihe subject swel­ carbon monoxide hangover lasts for three lo four hours healtii is affected by parental smoking - both before and led during ihc 1960s, paralleling the interest in the healtii after the subject leaves a smokey room. after birth. In a follow-up on the British Perinatal Study effects of active smoking. The '60s saw a sudden burst Is 50 to 100 ppm of carbon monoxide an unusual a British researcher found that scvcn-year-olds born to of investigations of the effects of tobacco smoke on non­ concentration? Not at all. A German researcher produced inothers who were hcavj' smokers during pregnancy were smoking fetuses, children, adults and animals. Much of a level of 90 ppm by having subjects smoke jusl ten ciga­ significantly shorter than the children of non-smokers. the research is made up of what scientists call epidemi­ rettes in an enclosed automobile. Another German study Not only ihal. but the youngsters born lo smoking mot­ ological studies, the slatistical analysis of large popula­ team reports a level of 90 ppm after 62 cigarettes had hers read less well and rated lower on "social adjust­ tions. Some ofthe work, however, involves the control­ been smoked in two hours in a room, 18 by 20 feet ment!" A more recent British study, this one carried out led laboratory testing of humans and animals, the classic with a ten-foot ceiling. Sixteen smokers attending a cock­ in schools in the county of Hertfordshire, showed that scientific experiment. tail party in the average unventilated living room could children with a heavy smoker in the family had 50 per­ At this point, the results of the studies of ihe health easily produce that level by smoking jusl four cigarettes cent more respiratory illnesses than olher children. effects of passive smoking form a relatively meager body apiece within two hours. Surprising as these results are, they arc partially con­ of data, particularly compared to the wealth of facts on firmed by an American study published in 1969 in the aclive smoking. But most of the evidence that does exist Journal of Allergy. Agroupof allergists studied 1725 points in the same direction as studies of active smoking. households in DetroU and Denver and found more acute Smoking hurts not only the smoker, but Uiose who respiratory illnesses in homes where parents smoke com­ breathe the smoke from his cigarette, pipe or cigar. The pared lo non-smoking homes. unhealthy suffer most from passive smoking, but even But the most dramatic health clTccts associated with the healthy show short-term reactions to levels of smoke passive smoking come, not from epidemiological studies that are not unusual in our business and social life. like these, but from controlled laboratory studies of ani­ In conducting their studies, scientists have learned mals, Rabbits, mice, hamsters and other creatures expos­ some interesting basic data on passive smoking. When a ed to tobacco smoke develop many more lung tumors smoker puffs a cigarette, he wafts a cloud of smoke con­ and cancers, as well as emphysema, than do animals thai taining about 70 milligrams of dry particulate matter breathe smokeless air. Most of these studies use heavy con and 23 milligrams of carbon monoxide at the non-smok­ centrations of smoke, but levels were fairly low in a few. er. The smoke comes from two sources: mainstream In one of the low-level studies, published in 1963 in the smoke, the smoke the smoker lakes into h'is mouth and American journal Cancer, rabbiis exposed to jusl 20 cig­ Ihcn releases, and sidestream smoke the smoke from the arettes a day for up to five years had more bronchial grow­ burning cigarette, cigar or pipe. Mainstream cigarette ths than controls. smoke, being inhaled is quite effectively filtered by the Ventilation helps lower carbon monoxide levels, but Studies like these are aniong Ihe factors responsible . smoker's lungs before being retumed to the outside air. not right next to the smoker. Two Americans. Drs. P.J. for turning non-smokers into militants who arc deman­ Mainstream pipe and cigar smoke, unlike cigarette Lawther and B. T. Commins, pubhshed a study m Uie ding action. Dr Lowell Bellin, Health Commissioner smoke, are not inhaled, but returned to the air virtually Anmls of the New York Academy of Sciences in 1970 of New York City, which has the nation's highest out­ unfiltered, a factor which helps make pipe and cigar that shows a 90 ppm of carbon monoxide in Ihe area door levels of sulphur dioxide, a substance produced smoke more unhealthy for non-smokers than cigarette next to a smoker after he had smoked seven cigarettes by combustion, convened a public meeting in spring, smoke. The room was ventilated. 1974 to discuss a city ban on indoor smoking in public The principal culprit in passive smoking, however, is InteresUngly enough, these levels of carbon mono­ areas. Non-smokers turned oul in force, most of them noi mainstream smoke but sidestream smoke. A study xide produced in social situations considerably exceed armed with statistics from various studies. "When smoke by Italian researchers shows that tar and nicotine, two of the 50 ppm carbon monoxide standard for the 40-hour is blown into the faces of millions of Americans suffer­ the many components of cigarette smoke, are significant­ week in United Slates industry. Attempts are now being ing from heart and lung disease, it's an act of hostility," ly higher in sidestream smoke than mainstream smoke. made to lower the 50 ppm industry threshold to 25 ppm. asserted one. The American Lung Association says in the June 1974 The subjects who breathed 50 to 100 ppm of carbon Dr Bellin, hhnself a non-smoker, spoke of "apartheid issue' ofits monthly Bulletin that there is three times as monoxide in Uiese experiments were healthy, but other for smokers" in New York City. much benzypyrene, five times as much carbon monox­ studies showed carbon monoxide has its greatest effect ll didn't turn out to be apartheid for smokers a few ide, and 50 times as much ammonia in Uie smoke that on the estimated 27 million persons in this country who weeks later when the city's Board of Health voted on comes straight from the tobacco as in mainstream smoke sufkr from cardiovascular disease. The gas makes their the matter, but elevators and supermarkets were ruled Uiat is inhaled and breathed out. hearts work harder to get oxygen, an extra exeirtion that off limits to smokers. In addition, restrictions were put And Dr Harold G, Petering of Uie University of Cin- may prove dangerous. on smoking in classrooms. cuinati College of Medicine has warned Uiat cadmium, The healUi effects of the irritating dry particulates True, Uiese few regulations are a long way from a com­ a tobacco smoke compound associated with emphysema in tobacco smoke are much more dilTicult to assess plete smoking apartheid. But then, non-smokers are just and atherosclerosis, is found in far higher concentrations than carbon monoxide. Neverihelcss, some allergists beginning to become aware of how smoking threatens in sidestream than mainstream smoke. have discovered a general sensitivity .to tobacco smoke their health and just beginning to assert their majorily Tobacco smoke contains many hundreds of compounds power. D in some people. One allergist, Dr Bernard M. Zussman by Barbara Ford in addition to Uiose named, but the one on which most of the University of Tennessee Allergy Clinic in Memphis researchers have focused to date is carbon monoxide. Car­ found that 16 percent of the 200 allergy patients he bon monoxide, the odorless and colorless gas that also selected at random were sensitive to tobacco smoke. If issues from the tailpipes of automobiles and, in fad, his findings are extrapolated to the estimated 22 million from any incomplete combustion of carbon, is relative­ allergy sufferers in the United States, some three and ly easy to monitor, unlike most other compounds in to­ one-half million allergy victims may suffer ill effects bacco smoke. But if even one compound in tobacco from passive smoking. smoke, such as carbon monoxide, can be implicated as You don't have to look for an allergy or heart patient a destructive agent in passive smoke, the case for smok­ to find a group with a particular sensitivity to passive ing bans will re'ceive a big boost. smoking, however. The fetus may be more susceptible to A non-irritant, carbon monoxide does not cause passive smoking than an unhealthy adult. The largest coughing, sneezing or wheezing. In small amounts, ils and most conclusive group of studies on the effects of effects are subtle but dangerous, particulariy in situa- tobacco smoke on non-smokers is made up of epidemio­ Uons calling for alertness: a drop in the ability to dis­ logical surveys of infants born to smoking mothers. In tinguish relative brightness, a decrease in correct judg­ study after study - almost 50 to date - the figures show ments of time intervals, lessened attenUon to sounds, that babies born to women who smoke are significantly trouble with eye-hand coordination. Carbon monox­ smaller than other babies. In one investigation of over •>Ur!'-\i •8 semp«r tloreat Interview „ ^. with neville curtis

Q Ons of the chief clauses in the rhetoric emphasis on material wealth and to point but in terms of myself, of my values and system of discrimination, segregation, op of the pro Soulh African-Rhodesia lobby out that principles are more importanl what I'm living for I've gained a hell of a pression exists to help squeezing that is the 'I abhor Apartheid but 1 don 7 than profits. lot by parlicipaling in that struggle. The wealth out of Ihe labour of Black people so think violence is the solution 'syndrome. Q How do you see yourself gelling across loss I fell in leaving Soulh Africa was in it will keep on, not only being oppressive, How do you view these pronouncements? lo Australian sludenis that principles are terms of the friends I had in the commun­ but getting irtore and more oppressive. A I think pronouncements like that are more iinporlant than profiis? ity of struggle and liberation. Dut the sorl This trend has been very clear in the last either based on naivety or ignorance oi A It's an enormous battle. I've found great of liberal that Baldwin has described is three years. As I mentioned, in 1969/70 Soutii Africa or they're Jusl straight-for­ difficulty at this univcrsily in getting facts very present in South Africa and present there was a stress on liberation and a strong ward hypocritical slatements of the sort across to students. For instance, I .spoke mainly in the universities. These liberals black and while movement emerged. How­ that Liberals in the western countries have here the olher day to an audience that gel all of the material benefits of Apartheid, ever, in the last year and a half that's been been putting forward for the past couple spent most of their lime stuffing their face all of the privileges of llie racial laws, but mostly smashed. Smashed by the intcn.sc of decades in order lo justify Iheir gover­ with food. ((rcally is u problem and some- they can also say they're anti-apartheid security police activity which included the nments becoming more and more involv­ limes I feel .ilmost like extending .sympathy without having to make a stand. Their po.si­ banning of 120 people. The security pol­ ed with Soulh Africa. to Auslralian sludents because Australia lion has been rejected by the Black move­ ice have become more and more powerful; Q I-'or instance. Australians don'l neces­ .seems .so far removed from reality; from ments which ralher hates White Liberals the suspicion and the fear increase, as docs sarily .see the need to stop trading wilh any real world .situation. Consequently, stu­ more Ihan it hajcs white racists, Al leust. the intolerance. Whal it's going to turn in­ South Africa and even apply Ihe argu­ dents and people iu general are bored, there the movement says, Ihc racists are honest. to now, i.s a much more militaristic society ment that investment treats jobs for hlack is no poinl lo their lives. Tlicy spend their Whul happened in sludcnt politics in This is Ihe phase that is already on its way Africans thus making them hciler off than lime and money on material things. Wilh 1969/70 when 1 first came into the organ­ For instance, the military spending has they would iwrinuUy be. Is this true'/ while South African sludenis al least there isation was a whole programme of re-as.s- gone up from S20 million per year in 1960 A It's a myth that these companies are is a continual battle which keeps tliem alert e.s,smenl. We re-formulated the goals of the to S450 million in 1973 and its doubled in doing good for black people and il's been to what is going on. At lea.st, Ihcy arc con­ organisation. This meant discarding this just the last two years to S900 million. All proved by considerable research Ihat Ihe fronted all the time because the whole life- old-fashioned liberalism entirely and .so these military toys aren't just Ihere for de­ black .share of profits, wages, has decreased .style (which is exactly the .same life style we fought a 2 year battle on campuses to coration. They're going to use Ihem. over the past 50 years and general condit­ as Australian sludenis) is intended to stop get the new ideas and ideals across, Whal Q In tenns of getting people informed and ions hare deteriorated. The gold mining them making decisions for themselves; in­ we were putting across wa,s thai Ibe .strug­ involved with the question of apartheid in industry demonstrates this quite clearly. tended to make them just consume things gle is essentially an economic one. It's a South Africa, isn't ihere a great danger that In 1911, the white miners Were getting 6 and don't Ihink for themselves. When 1 was liberation struggle in which whites must people will neglect further the question of tiines as much as black miners. In 1971, speaking to the students here 1 felt that I participate in as well, because Ihey are eq­ blacks in A ustralia. Ihis same system which purported lo be was jusl part of a TV show they were wat­ ually victims of this sort of society. Whites improving Ihe situation of blacks, was pay­ ching for a while and when I went away, it also are being destroyed by this authoril- A 1 think that Ihis is a danger aU of the ing white goldminers 17 limes the wages of time, not just for black people but for blacks and the real purchasing power of white people as well. It's very easy for peo­ black miners in 1971 was less than it was ple to pick up the papers and see what is in 1911. The cash rale had increased but happening overseas and don't give a damn nothing like the inflation rate. This is about what's happening here. What I'm whal the companies are all about - mak­ trying to do in speaking to people is to ing profil and Ihey don't give a damn ab­ point out the situation in South Africa, its out people; only iii terms of exploiting reasons and causes, and the relationship to them in the process of making profits. The Auslralia. The nature of white Society in movement leaders have said that the best Soulh Africa has created Ihese problems way to end the exploitation of the people and its the same type of society in Austra­ is to implement economic boycotts. They lia which is doing the same. The common don't see the companies as doing anything enemy is (he multinational corporations but exploiting Ihem and they want the ex­ and the 'profit al any cost people. But the ploitation ended. The cost of the goods thing about the struggle in South Africa is produced is death and starvation wages Ihat it shows up thie nature of the society for black Africans. and so enables people such as blacks in Aus­ tralia who are trapped by these societies Q Tor many people, one uf Ihc most dis- both to learn who the enemy is and how it illttsioniiig aspects ofthe African scene es­ works in a much more graphic way than it pecially in the 60's was the 'blood baths' does in this country. One of the difficult­ and oligarchic/dictatorial government stru­ ies of my working in Australia with black ctures that emerged after independence. groups is that because I'm a white South Miat effect do you think this has had on African 1 can't wholly communicate how lite anti-apartheid inoveinent. blacks in South Africa feel. I'm working A I think that the blood baths are a great with them but am not really one of them. deal over-rated. If you remember that there I've experienced Umited oppression com­ are 35 countries in Africa whose boundar­ pared to blacks and being white, I'm priv­ ies are artificial ones imposed by white col Neville Curtis was President of N.U.S.A.S. (NaUonal Union of South African Students) ileged, so it's hard to get a full understand­ onial governments, and then you compare from 1969to1971. He was banned by the South African Government in 1973 for five ing of the situation. But it's out of even the situation of the 3 or 4 hundred bloody years and was due to serve 12 months in gaol,(foilowing 8 arrests). He arrived in that limited understanding that liberation years it took Europe to get nations set up, comes and that's one of the most exciting what's happened in Africa has been relati­ Australia on a borrowed passport in September 1974 arxl was granted political asylum. He sel up C.A.R.E. (Campaign Against Racial Exploitation) which is working to end things about the movements. vely peacefuL Whal has happened is that Q Can you be more specific about these pro-white propagandists have used every Australia's involvement in- racism in South Africa and Australia. incident that has happened to try to dis­ 'exciting things' emerging frotn the liber­ credit black people. Most Australians won't ation movements? know, for example, of the continual A The black struggles are following new ways of living, new ways of behaving and blood bath that is going on inside Soulh arian system. Hence, much cure themsel­ Africa; the million and half arrests each was turned off. Nothing appears real and so it is out of that struggle that new societies year for pass offences; the 900,000 people you don't get through to people. The same ves of this disease as racism is essentially who value people emerge. These societies going to jail; the deaths by starvation in attitudes prevail, they don't give a stuff a white disease and they (whites) are the are not only different but infinitely better; the richest country in Africa; the deaths in about anything. main problem. more alive, more human. Not like the ruin­ (he gold mines where safety precautions Q Would you see a great similarity in social Q You see racism as being essentially a ed society which oppresses them. Blacks could exist if the company were willing to attitudes then between whites here (includ­ white disease? started realising that white society is in- . pay for thera. For example, last year 737 ing students) and in South Africa'/ A Yes. It's part of the whole disease of finitely worse off because white sociely black miners died plus 29,000 were injuied A Yes. In both cases white students are the capitalism, and 1 believe the two things go has virtually no humanity, no spiritual Violence of this sort goes on in South Afr­ elite of their society. In both cases they get together. It's part of the whole Protestant/ values. Stronger and more human relation­ ica all of the lime. almost anything they want without too Christian ethic that's so strong in westem ships exist within Ihese movements. much trouble in the way of education and society. Although it preaches one set of The sense of sharing, caring and tmsl- Q Itow strong is the anti-apartheid move­ money. In both cases they are, relatively things: 'love your neighbour and so on', it ing exisis. These same qualities seem to ment among Whites especially students in speaking, rich, much richer than their par­ allows and encourages people to practise exist in the black scene here in Australia Soulh Africa and what is the relationship ents wete. They don't seem to have any a completely opposite set of values; selfish and it is this which has enabled blacks lo between this movement and the Black lib­ clear goals or principles and lend lo be do­ and materialistic. Racism I think, reflects survive in the face of incre

the Apartheid in Australian societyand to come to must make sure that CARE docs not become content grips wiUi the ambiguous euphemisms of the 'aboriginal with attacking petty apartheid. Al the same time it is problem' or the 'aboriginal question'. essential that we work together and that effort must Tlie Canberra Conference decided Uiat the following include an abandonment ofthe self-rigliteous political campaigns were to be its priorities during 1975. line. Ahead of us is a formative period of give and take. I hope that you will join with us. 1) Commodhies Campaign: If yoii want lo join CARE or want information This is an attempt to highlight the exploitation of about Southern Africa or Australian-Southern African Black Labour in SouUi Africa by publicising compan­ relations (hen contact mc c/- Union Ofrice. D ies operating in Australia that profil from black labour (IXL, Rothmans, 1 + J Fish products, most of the car Peter Varghese manufacturers that operate in Auslralia etc). It is hoped to focus especially on Woolworths, which stocks and AUSTRALIAN COMPANIES IN SOUTH speciaUy imports canned goods and fish from South AFRICA Africa. Over Christmas wc were able, afier much stalling 2) A Resource Centre: from Admin., to see a list of the University's invest­ Tlie establishment ofa resource centre is essentially ments. Our aim was lo find oul how many companies to collate and distribute information regarding Aust­ operating in South Africa, from Australia, the Univer­ ralian investment in Southern Africa and the political, sity had sliares in. legal, medical, educational reahUes of Blacks in South­ We found one company - "Dunlop Australia". We ern Africa. propose Uiat the students of the University, by petition or direct action, appeal to the Administration to give 3) Racism and Education: its proxy to attend the A.G.M. of shareholders of Dun­ CARE recognised tlie need to counteract the mali­ lop Auslralia to representaUves of an anti-racism organ­ cious and distorted picture of Southern Africa being ization such as C.A.R.E. (Campaign Against Racial Ex­ portrayed in Australian schools. Work is underway now ploitation) to ask the directors of Dunlop questions at to pul together a kit that can aid and inform primary the A.G.M. concerning the ireatnienl, pay and working and secondary sludents; a kit that can place in a rat­ conditions of black workers in their employment ui ional and factual perspecUve the glossy and well-bound Soutii Africa. propaganda that is supplied free to Australian schools, PUT SOME CARE INTO YOUR LIFE If this action is successful and llie company does is­ by the South African embassy. sue a statement of working conditions of black workers On the weekend of the 22nd and 23rd of February, in their employment then the information will be pas­ a diverse group of students, social acUvists and mem­ THE STRUCTURE OF CARE sed on to an organization which is collating this type of bers from church and union organisations met in Can­ information in preparaUon for a major assault on exploi­ berra, ui an attempt to clarify and co-ordinate a cam­ The Canberra conference agreed that CARE was to tative Auslralian companies investing in Soulh Afiica. paign around racism and in particular tlic situation in remain an umbrella-organisation in an attempt to reach If the action fails and Uie company docs not reveal Southern Africa i.e., South Africa, Namibia and as wide a cross-section of the Australian public as poss­ the conditions ofits black workers then we can be pret­ Zwimbabwe. What emerged from this CARE (Campaign ible. The near future will be a testing time for the credi­ ty sure they have sometiung to hide and the anti-apar­ Against Racial Exploitation) meeting was perhaps a bility and effectiveness of such a structure, At die mom­ theid movement in Australia will work for the revela­ revamping of the various anti-apartheid groups that ent groups that are as politically differentiated as AUS tion of Oie working condiiions, pay and general treat­ flowered around Australia during the anU-Springbok and the Auslralian Council of (Zliurches.have managed ment of the black people working for Uiis company. demonstrations of 1971-72. Integral lo Uiis revampmg to work together under the CARE banner. The chal­ This is an issue which directly concerns you however, was a renewed committment, on the part of lenge aliead of us is to remain united; to share a common as Australians. If you remain silent on this issue Uiose gaUiered, to bring lo the attenUon of an easily dis­ committment Uiat will not be watered down or ill-def­ it can only be assumed that you support racist tracted Australian public Uie issues of Southern Africa; ined. To the goal'of consensus cannot be sacrificed the Australian involvement in Soutli Africa. Q the social, economic and political ties between Austra­ necessity of making die analysis of racism and apar­ lia and While SouUi Africa and Rhodesia, and in Uie theid a radical one; one that confronts tlie entire array Bruce Hawker process to understand racism in Australia; to confront of repression and capitalism in Southern Africa. We Lindy Raine public transport transport is congestion. Much Ume is wasted waiting in convenient and envhonraentally more sound Uian pri­ peak hour traffic jams. How many tunes do you breaUi vate transport, but there are some immediate necessities: Concern for public transport has grown since bisbane while waitmg for lights to change in a traffic jam? Did 1. Improvement of the present road system without ripped up its Tiam system. Since then the auUiorities have you know car exhaust fumes are a hazard lo health? buildmg freeways. refused to provide adequate service to the fast growuig Most of the lead in the human body comes from car ex­ 2. Closing streets and creatmg pedestrian malls; bann­ metropolis. Because of neglect we are now years behind hausts, and lead is a cause of anaemia and mental retard­ ing cars from certaui streets and areas. an acceptable level of service for the pubUc. ation. 3. Electrilying and extendmg the present raUway sys­ Criticism of the standard of public transport has come tem. not only from individual citizens frushrated by tune tab­ 4. Running fast, modem express buses from the sub­ les and services but also from Town Planners and Econo- SOLUTIONS urbs to railway stations and the city. imsts within the City. 5. Providing effective coorduiated planning for Bris­ There are several alternatives for solving our transport bane to prevent the continuuig growth of inner-suburb­ Brisbane's problem is even worse than that of olher problem. an centres. major cities Public Transport groups have existed Uiere The present Stale and Local Governments are in fav­ 6. Buildmg bikeways. loT iwo OT more years and have successfully pressured our of freeway construction as a transport solution. How­ Activities for National Public Transport Action Week for changes. The Brisbane Public Transport Action Group ever, this syslem caters for Uie machine rather than the are being planned. For Uie benefit of the community originated at a public meetuig of people frustrated by Uie person. Duruig peak hours the purpose of freeways is de­ help support this week. lack of PubUc Transport in Brisbane. The group's aun is feated by encouraging more vehicle usage Uius causing Donations gratefully accepted, payable to to create publicity to present the arguments in favour of congestion. Parking fees. Parking problems. Congested Public Transport Action Group, c/- Friends of the improved Public Transport. In order that the public may roads. The cycle continues. Earth, P.O. Box 82, Paddington 4064. express their concern it was decided lo convene a Trans­ The completion of this system involves the destruction Meetings ~ every Wednesday, 8.00 p.m. - 109 port Week to coincide with National Public Transport of tiiousands of homes and subsequent hardship lo those Edward St, Brisbane. Tlie group may be contacted by Week from the 14Ui to Uie 18th April, affected. Freeways do not offer a solution, they only writing to: P.O. Box 82, Paddington 4064, or by ring­ postpone the problem. ing Andrew 21 0987, Helen 78 3960 after hours or THE EXISTING PROBLEM With coordinated services of buses, trains, ferries, bic­ Mark 44 1874. D ycles and cars many problems would be alleviated. You would not need lo worry about Do you get to Uni or work wiUi a headache and ner­ • getting to lectures late vous tension? Does this affect your whole day? And - traffic congestion whal of Uiose left behind in the suburbs. Many people do - the hazard of lead poisoning and consequent healUi - not ovm a second car. Do you have problems visithig problems friends in nearby suburbs while another person has the - visiting friends family vehicle? hit standing idle somehwere m Uie city - parkmg problems and fees and costbg SOc per day in parking fees? Instead of buy- - cluldren's transport problems ing a car demand more comprehensive Public Transport. 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Queenslanders believe they are different from other blem he gets bucketed too. After all we know how to what would happen if Mt Isa Mines ran into trouble. Some­ Australians, and they often act differently politically look after our aborigines - don't we? The point is that thing similar could be said for all the provincial cities and but for some reasons State by State analyses of politi­ this sense of unfinished businesses which a lot of Queens­ of course for the smaller towns. cal cultures are unfashionable in academic circles. landers have uitroduces a sense of uncertainty and guUt. Brisbanites are also orientated lo rural concerns. Sratch One suspects the reason for this is that to give cred­ Tlie answer is either brutality or, patronage. any outwardly nornial Brisbane surburbanite and you will ence to the idea that the differences between States The relationship to the land is also strained. There is find a person one or two generations from the farm or one are important would be seen to be givmg support to an unease a sense of never really being in control. The with relatives in the countiy. Country-mindedness is much the notion of states' rights - a nasty reactionary cause, violent and unpredictable seasons, the floods and droughts more widespread than in other States. It is not incongrous if ever there was one. have produced a personality significantly different from to many city dwellers to find a National Party candidate 1 shall attempt in this article to outUne what 1 con­ that in Southern Queensland. In a very real way the land standing for an urban seat. sider to be the features pecuUar to Queensland as com­ has conquered the mvader: North Australians have gone pared to other states. I shall rely on the reader to rem­ The significance of this sensed homogenity of interests native. ember that Queensland is the local variant ofthe spedes is that the Town versus Country sentiments that Whitlam The land has never been conquered. It tantalisingly Capitalis Demokratis: sub-species Australianus.We may can rely on m Sydney and Melbourne are muted here. offers Eldorado dnd just when you thuik you've got it miss the wood for the trees but at least we can get a Queenslanders to a greater extent thati most other States beat 'it turns out fools gold. White Queenslanders have close-up ofthe slightly warped Moreton Bay Fig. have a sense of shared fate; class loyalties are iross cut by a love/hate relationship with the land, they rip the guts State and regional loyalties. What gives this question some topicality is that out of it by open cut mining; graze exotic animals on it The Cabinet which Jo put together recently explicitly Queensland has done it again! It, in this case, being and even perch stilt-legged houses on the surface, but recognised the strength of regional loyalties. He deliber­ the decisive rejection ofthe A.LP. at the State Elect­ they know they'll never control or predict or fully un­ ately included the widest geographical range of Ministers ion last December. Most observers agree that it was not derstand. And they are too Western to surrender them­ so much an anti-A.LP. vote as an anti-southern trendy, at the expense of keeping out more able men who lived selves. This sort of powerlessness is bad for Western in the wrong place. anti-Whitlam Government, yah-boo-sucks-to-you vote. minds. Ocker strikes again! It might be objected that the National (Countiy) At least these were the senthnents that Queensland's PARANOIA TOWARDS OUTSIDERS Party is a avowedly sectional party and thus accorduig Battler Jo with hisdeceptively-naive, time-worn cliches to this theoiy should be rejected by Queenslanders. How­ and his brand of evangelical provincialism so ably evok­ Apart from their continuing experience with Abori­ ever this IS seeing the National Party in isolation rather ed. gines, Queenslanders have other fearful experiences than as the permanent partner of the Liberals - a mistake. with "outsiders" in their mythology. The "Kanakas" A party or politician that wants to succeed in Queens­ When a Liberal voter casts his ballot he docs so in the and the Chinese have both served as bogeymen in tiieir land must learn to speak the local Ungo. The liberals knowledge that the Liberal Party will govern in coalition time;especially to the Labor movement in Queensland. have never done this very well. (Don Cameron and Kil­ witli the National Party. The reverse is true for National The long exposed coastline leaves people in tliis State len are exceptions) and as a result are still bottled up in Party Voters. Of course the National Party is expected to open to scare campaigns about Black/Red/Vellow/ the metropolis; the Australia Party epitomises the down- advance mral interests but it will do so in pennanent coal­ Brown hordes, and they know they can't trust South­ south trendy-with predictable results. The A.L.P. used ition with the urban-orientated Liberal party. erners to defend them. Remember the Brisbane Line? to be rather good at it but lost the knack in the 1960's Tlic aspect that I suspect most alienates voters in Queen It could be said that in their thoughts about the rest whilst Gair carried on the tradition in the D.L.P. for a sland from the Labor Party is that they see it as an unbal­ of the worid the people of this State have more than a while. The Premier is very adept at it - to the tnanner anced party. They feel it to be, perhaps, exclusively sect­ touch of paranoia. born you might say - and is only just bested by Tom ional favouring big states to the exclusion.of small: urban Aitkens of Townsville.. So far as the rest of Australia is concemed a lot of against rural interests and trade unionists above olher pro­ Queenslanders do not think their problems are under­ I will attempt to look at a few features ofthe Queens­ ducers. TWs goes against the felt sense of inter^icpendcn- stood or cared about. An impression ofQueensland poli­ land state of mind in an effort to find outintellectually ce that is part of theQueensland state of mind. ticians do their best to foster. The obvious example is what Jo knows instuiclively, Defence but public works programs, tariff policies and THE BUSH CARPENTER IDEOLOGY 1 believe the initial and continuing relationship that prhnary produce marketing are other areas where Queen­ White Queenslanders had and have with the people of slanders feel neglected and misunderstood. this land and with the land itself has shaped the Queens­ Queenslanders, judging from successful policy speeches Queenslanders are aware this is a branch office land character. want concrete achievements not ideologies from poHtic- state - decisions are made elsewhere. Those people down The Aborighial people were beaten militarily but not ians. The two parties who technically have some sort of south it 'isfelt , are soft, lazy and out of touch with real­ wiped out. Unlike Tasmania, they were seen to be of use guiding theoiy (the Liberals and the A.L.P.) only do well ity. It is Ul this situation that the smallest slight can be and the pastoral industries of this State set up an uneasy when they play down the fact. A politician who wants lo made into neglect and finally into a fully fledged case of unequal economic relationship with the remnants. succeed will have plenty of bridges, dams, silos, hospitals, victimisation. A prime example of this was the Australia etc hi his speech, rather than words about justice, free­ Queenslanders, especially hi country areas, are still Day Floods and Whitlam's failure to visit. dom, riglits and equality. Equality is all right as long as aware in the backs of their minds that the oripnal own­ In the hands of a slirewd person like Bjelke Petersen you can see it being built; lean on it orshelter beneath it ers are still around and may yet serve eviction notices the vague sense that Queenslanders have that they are from the rain. Equal sewerage for all! or at least ask for back-rent. hard done by can be transformed into a formidable poli­ More than physically however, the aboriguials are a Theorising in a politician represents prima facie evid­ tical weapon. psychological problem for white folks. GeneraDy, Whites ence that the politician Is bulI-shitting.When it comes to An understandmg of Queensland'population dis­ despise the Blacks, but at the same time some have a ideas the Queenslander proceeds like a bush-carpenter. tribution is important to an understandmg ofits politi­ He uses the old methods until he reaches a problem vague feeluig of guilt about them. They feel someone cal behaviour. Queensland is more decentralised than any which they are not suitable for and then he shows con­ should do something. The State Government did some­ other mahiland State. The Queensland cities do not see siderable ingenuity in adapting wilh discarded bit of thing - it shut them away on reserves where possible. '. themselves as independent metropolis' but rather as ad­ equipment around the place. The tiling lo be avoided The trouble is thougli they won't go away and their very juncts, servicing and processing centres for, their respec­ is the purchase of some new-fangled custom-built job existence punctures some illusions that Queenslanders tive primaiy producing hinterlands. Rockhampton resi­ when a mend-and-make-do solution is possible. have. Every time we siaii shiging "Everyihtag's Great in dents, for example arc aware of how much of their pros­ the Sunshine State" up pops an aborighial and everybody perity depends on the beef market. Townsville knows gets angry. To the extent that Whitlam mentions the pro­ (Continued on page 14 ) 12 s»mpernorut' rt^ '"S-'i-'-:'''^* torn burns speaks

Although the Queensland ALP outwardly appeared to suffer a disaster in last December's State Elections, with Its parliamentary representation being substantially reduced, the result was force a change of leadership for the ALP - a change many supporters felt was long overdue if Labor was to become a (Part one more dynamic political force in that state. Since his election to the positionof Leader of the Opposition, Tom Burns through his performance with the media and the public at large has made it blatantly clear that he is more than a wor­ thy foe for Premier Bjelke Petersen's govemment financed and media assisted public relations machine which had been allowed previously to score so many ofa two successes in ils efforts to deceive the public. In fact considering the force of the National Party's continuous campaign to mystify the public's understanding of Labor's policies, and political issues in general, Tom Burns should be heartened to see that a sizeable slice of the part population (367^ to l>e exact) still saw good reason to support the ALP. If anything this vote represents some victory for the forces of reason as well as for the diehard Labor supporters. Bruce Dickson and Peter Murphy in­ terviewed Tom Bums on a wide range of current issues at Pariiament House.' interview)

Q How would you describe your political philosophy? e.g. hbuld you call yourself a socialist? want (o talk to all sorts of people — 1 don't really care A Yes, I've always classed myself as a socialist. I don't if (hey're millionaires or blokes in the street, but one thuik that the Labor Party is a socialist party by any way or (he other we've got to talk to everybody, all sec­ means, I don't think that socialism has gained any stren­ tions of the community. All sections of (he community gth since the days I joined the Labor Party in Australia generally used to make up the broad base of (he rank — if anything, its dropped back. But that's because no and file. one speaks about socialism and there is no socialist edu­ cation system operating, so no one knows anythmg alKiut Q What about representation of party members on the it really. In fact Joh was able to use it as a dirty word in councils in the party the last campaign when in reality it isn't and probably A Well i( hasn'( been very good. For all (he eariier years he is as great a socialist as many of the Labor leaders that of great success of the party the rank and file had very have gone by. litde say in (he running of (he Labor party here in Queens­ A Look I don't disagree with that except Ihat I don't land — i( was basically (hrough (he unions that the con­ know how you change the method of selection because Q Do you titink one ofthe problems facing the A.L.P. « trol came to the party. In the period tha( I was secre(ary if you start to take the rank and file out of the selection that a lot of)he public in Australia actually believe that we increased the numbers from the branches direct - we then you get some sor( of (o(alitarian form of secret soc­ present Federal Labor Government is their first experience had never had any branch representation directiy — we in­ iety meeting in some room and I'm not in favour of (ha(. with a socialist government. When in fact it is more app­ creased (he numbers of people from conven(ion to the So yes, we've been conservative and I (hink that what we ropriate to call it a Social Democrat government? Q.C.E. We gave it (o Young Labor and the Women and have to do is to be completely, or as much as we possibly A Its never rcally tried to change any system has it real­ things like that — there was token represen(ation, ui some can, different to Joh and his forces and that means (hat ly. It hasn't done anything at all to change the overall cases only one, but of course when you're mnning a body we've got to look at the (ype of candidates we ge(. system and in fact businessmen will teU you that they of 70 or SO you've either got to have a public meering Q Weil that might lead on to the next question which is are surprised at the sort of reactions from people like once a mon(h or you've got to have an executive. I think that other critics ofthe ALP's performance over the Jim Cairns who were classed as socialist and were going a lot of people put (oo much faith in being represented years would suggest that one of the great problems it has to change the order when they came in. - Now of couise on (he Q.C.E. I would thmk (he really valuable body had, has been its lack of proficient leadership - Particul­ they are the darhngs of the business or private enterprise m (he Par(y is tiie Labor-in-Poli(ics Convention which I arly in terms of opposing the baloney and mythology that world. So fairly obviously they haven't been any threat. think people down grade (o some degree because i( only Bjelke Petersen has been propagating. Do you think that I think the party should really be described as Socid happens every three years. But that's where well shape this is a fair criticism and that in fact there has been a Democratic - that's what we are — we're not a socialist the policy and (hat's where we change the rules (hat can tendency to let J oh get away with too much? party. give you all this represen(ation. So if you're looking for A I don'( know. I wouldn'( like (o spend some (ime cri(- Q You suggested that the public don't really know what represen(ation and par{icipa(ion (haCs (he bi( tiia( has icising past leaders -1 don't (hink (here's any value in socialism is. to be streng(hened — par(icipa(ion around (he conven­ (hat. ICs very difficult given the press si(ua(ion in Queens­ A 1 don't think the party does. I don't think members of tion. land (0 do very much to Joh. Now last night a minister the party, people who join the party do. They join it Q You mentioned policy - it seems that policy has ten­ made a claim that for example, we were falsify mg die more out of a spirit of nationalism associated with the ded to be something that you worried about every three figures and he was claiming that there were more people Australian Labor Party and its social democratic ideas. years. There hasn 't been an intensive long term effort at out of work. Now you know he was taking a great de- But I don't think many peoplcjoin it because they think policymaking. • •• light m this 56,000 people out of work lo show tiiat the it is a socialist party. Federal Labor Government was wrong. Now I sak) to (he A No, I think (here has been but not to the degree that's bloke - (hat's the most disgusting (hing I've ever seen required. I think what we've had - we've had standing Q What do you feel about the circumstances leading up - he's pleased to see people out of work. He's using (ha( commi((ees and branches — (he sys(cm was (ha( you car­ (He doent't care how many are out of work) as a whip­ to your becoming leader of the party. It was a long hard ried a resolution and that your branches sen( it into a battle wasn 't it. You had been tipped to become the lead­ ping stick on the Federal Government. The Courier Mail s(anding commi((ee that made a recommendation on it bloke (old me, tiiey won'( prin( (ha( -1 said well you er for a long lime. and sen( i( (o Convention. And i( has been (ha( branches A Most of it was newspaper speculation. I had never said put it up, tiiat's my statemenl. So he put it up along haven't worried atxiut sending a convention's item in un­ wi(h a few otiier words this mornuig. - My few other that I was in fact I said when I came into parliament til probably about twelve months before a convention. that I wouldn't do anything in my first term in Pariiament. words got in but my s(atemen( didn't. Now when you Well (hat's what I intend to overcome by gettmg this dis­ try (0 pick on Joh on a good hard political line, nothing I've just finished my first term in pariiament and the cir­ cussion (hing going, rather than semmars — we will have cumstances arrived where I was elected leader. I'm sur­ personal, you don't have to pick on Joh in a personal seminars later on but a( (his first stage itsjust a ma(ter of way, because his politics are so bloody out of (his worid prised that it was as quick as that, while a lot of other talk and ge((ing (he branches interested in discussing pol­ people suggest it should have been quicker. However, (ha( you can forge( abou( personalities with him - you icy, writing into tiie Convention or (he Party or the will fmd ou( (ha( you'.-e fla( oul gettmg a lot of it in. that's not my view — I think you need some experience Q.C.E. and to me and saying I think you ough( (o change in the House and the very old fashioned, out-of-date sys­ Now (hat could have occurred in (he past, I don't know, (his or our branch had a meeting las( night and we reck­ I've only been in the parUamen( (wo and a half years, tems here in Pariiament beforehand. I don't think any­ on the Par(y ought to have a policy on these particular one can walk in off the street and start to lead a politi­ e There's no doubt at all that J oh doesn t deserve any issues. If we start that going (hen well ge( a dialogue credibility whatsoever in that his political statements cal party down here. backwards and forwards which I (hink will be good — i( Q In effecl the fact that you became leader is virtually are most often amazingly false and misleading. Hhat do will be good for Convention later on because it will have you put the maintenance of his credibility with many the result ofthe catastrophe which occurred in the num­ strengtiiened (ha( debate on the policy through the years. ber of seats you gained isn't it? ofthe Queenslanders down to? Do you think it is the • Q If we look at the history ofthe State Parliamentary role the media are playing? A Oh yes, that's right! ALP some people would suggest that in terms ofthe Q How long do you think it will take to rebuild Labor's types of members that have been elected lo the ALP's fortunes in Queensland? benches they have almost been as conservative as the A No, well I think Queenrianders like someone who is A I don't think it will take very long at all - in fact, I govemment itself which would have to be one of the poadve, even if he is wrong. Blokes will say (o you - think if we go about it the right way - if we go back to most right wing benches of parliamentarians you would a( leas( he seems (o have the courage of his convictions. (he original idea which was a concept of participation ever find anywhere. And on (op of tiiat die people in the south, our Federal and involvement of people, and that is getting out people, treated him as a joke and (hey laughed abou( A We've been a fairiy conservative party, but you know him and while they were joking and laughuig he was amongst the people and talking to them about what when you talk aboui par(icipation (here is no grca(er the policies are •- not sitting up in this room or any gaimng some ground because he was the only one mak­ form of participation (han (he me(hod of selection we ing sta(emen(s on Uie issues. And i(s fairly obvious (ha( other room, a room at Labor House or somewhere else have, widi this mnning around local pubs and the like determining policies for them. We get back to that lie there have been a number of mistakes made at federal in plebiscites. If the people in my area pick up a fellow level (ha( he's been able (o exploK (o his own advan­ the election results while they were very drastic - there and say we want to vote for him in the plebiscite and he would be eight or ten seats under SOO votes that were tage along (he line. So he's exploKed his position, he's turns out to be conservative - fairly obviously he repie- used his position of power, and he's used (he parliament lost by the Labor Party. Most of those, unless Joh gets sents the Labor thinking ui that area. a better gerrymander through (or a worse gerrymander and the parUamentary press service (o promote Joh a- lone. He s exploited that weakness from the federal depending on where you sit) then he's got now, will Q But that doesn 't argue very well for progressive poli­ come back to us without any trouble next time. Ijust people who didn'( come up (o defend (hemselves. You cies. know tiiey talk abou( a lack of communication - there believe that a properly organized Latwr campaign will A Well, it comes to this thing, some of the more progres­ win a lot more. I don't see any disaster in it - m fact is 110 lack of communication be(ween (he federal people sive members were the ones that went to the wall in the and officials here. K doesn'( get from tiiere (o flie rank I would remmd you of this — in 1956 the Literals had election the other day. Whereas some of the people that eight seats in the parliament and in 1957 they were the ma file, (he ordinary bloke. Look a( (he two good (hings you might not think are so progressive are the ones (hat (hal have happened m the last few weeks (Jan/Feb) - govemment. There's more problems for the Liberal and have stayed. So fairly obviously (hey were representative, National Parties with 69 memtwrs and two independents the taxation deduction - (here were a lo( of people ge(- if you're (alking aboui involvemen( and people having a tingsix or eight bucks a week more in their wages and (han there is for me with eleven. say then (he bloke we pick for Ly((on has got to be the Q You mentioned participation. What about the partici­ (ajung l( home. Did you ever hear of anyone taking any sort of man tha( Lytton wan(s. I mean if he happens (o credK for i( or see any press s(atements about it. pation of your own party rank and file. be a very progressive fellow and Lytton votes that way A Well that's what I'm going to try to build. That's what for him - good, and if he happens to be an old square Look at Uie one on tiie mcome tax deductions on I'm starting now. I.ve already made arrangements in this well we've got to accept that that's what the party rank housing interest rates whfch is supposed to have hurt us month (Jan/Feb) to go to Ipswich, Toowoomba and and file there want. Unless we have some sort of diclat- last time - tiiere hasn't been a word said. If tiie Labor Caims to scatter myself around. And I'm doing a number ional system where you and I sit down and say we're not ntty was on (he ball we would have a dodger ou( hi of meetings in the electorates in Brisbane already. And having him, he's too conservative, we get right away from JlVl H®.* "°"?'"8 "es sayhig you are now able (o Be( what f have arranged for is the party to write (o every that original concept don't we? tnese (hlngs. please apply here. - Did you see in your member of the party in the area - not just to the execu­ wage packet last week you got extra money tiiat was be- tive offuers and things like that - and invite them along cause of Oie FederalUbor.governmcnt. We're not cam- to have a yam. I'm going to continue to propose this op­ Q But the point remains that if the ALP tends to have a palgnwg! - Joh's outcampaigned us In that regard. en type of contact. I don't expect that everybody will be mafority of fairly conservative members tn the State Ar- able to write me a letter or come in tnd talk to me - ev­ liament here then you aren't really presenting any alter­ 9^^°^^' /''* ?"«"ton that there has been a lot of ery member of the party. I'd like to think they could - native to the Govemment and there is enough conserva­ tism in it already. ^nhappiness elsewhere with the ALP's campaign history time wUI b« the only thing that will stop that. But I fj^state. because there's been a debate over whether lhei!hVt ''^ ^""''^^ °^*^' federal ALP and $«nip«r floreat 13

A I don't know what sort of effort the QCE^ut in, A Well that's the sort of picture I wouldn't like to por­ t6m burns (cont'd) everyone put their effort In, hi their own way. At that tray for them. I don't Uiink its wrong to suggest that In time I was just a backbench member of the Party and in a State a thousand miles long thaf (he people ui Brisbane my area we campaigned everywhere we possibly could. are the same as the people in the north. I thfaik that's the A I don't thmk the State ALP Campaign had much (o Look I think youll find the Labor Party's existence very mistake around the centralist campaign that's been do with i( in this last occasion. I just think (ha( when turns a little around candidates. If you have a referend­ based nationally. I don't think you can say that someone you see all (ypes of candidates from what you would um at a time when you've got candidates runnhig that sitting in Canberra can determine that thereTl be one call - say a progressive type of candidate to a very con­ candidate is lookmg and pushing his own barrel - this is policy for housing all over Australia which say for example servative candida(e in very safe Labor areas, ge(ting swings every political party, but more so m (he Labor Par(y I in South Australia most of (he financefo r housing comes sometimes of 29%, 25%, 22% and i( went ri^t aaoss (hink, and when he's doing that he pushes the other is­ ou( of the state bank loans whereas in Queensland most of the State and i( was only one area where out vote held sues as well. That's why we always do better in Queens­ it comes out of (he permanen( building societies. very stirongly, and that was in Central Queensland where land — when there's a House of Representatives election There's two completely different ways of financing Keith Wright and LesL Yewdale were able (o hold out and a Senate together, (he senate always does better. If homes. The same sort of thing applies here,there are against (he swing and isolaie (hemselves away frqm (he we have a single Senate election where there are orUy two or three different sets of opinions in Queensland. I swng -•bu( here in (he city area for example, I don'( three Senate candidates, you find there's a lack of interest think anyone who lives north of about Mackay believes thmk there was much we i could of done campaign wise. We because they don't know him. In Queensland it all comes probably could have saved three or four seats that were that they have been sadly neglected by both Brisbane and down to whether you are known or not and (his is wha( Canberra. They rememberth e Brisbane Line during the marginal Uiat went by 100 or 200 or 20 votes with a a lot of the federal ministers don't understand yet. If you bit of a be((er campaign. No, we're going to have a look happen to be the fellow who drinks around the pub in the war, they feel that everyone in the south doesn't under­ at the meUiods of campaigning. We've got to, we most area and (hey know him, and he's a bloke who works in stand their problems. There's a need if we talk about certainly must, I don't (hink (hat we can accept (hat the area, (hey wen( (o school with him, (heytl work with participation, everybody talks about involvement in pol­ what we've been doing for the past 20 years is the right him and they come out md vote for him. But if he happ­ itics today, now, I'm not talking about a new state, but way to campaign.I'm not going (o say either tha( its the ens to be someone who is unknown and this personality nobody has ever talked about transferring any major por­ wrong way, but we're going to have a good look at it bit is a lot s(ronger in Queensland than anywhere else, peo­ tions of government operations to the north so (hat peo­ anyway. ple have been known to live in Sydney and win Senate ple in (he nor(h could feel tha( (hey are involved in it. seats consistentiy in Tasmania or live on (he Gold Coas( If we're a "branch manager" state in Brisbane, then Q To bring in a specific criticism there. A lot of people they're a sulhbranch managers in Townsville and (hey I think would have thought it would have been in the and win Senate seats in Tasmania - (hat could never hap­ pen in Queensland. don't like i( and I don't blame them. The same (hing ap­ State ALP interest, very much so, to have really cam­ plies (o people in (he country area. I was born on (he paigned heavily for the referendum which was seeking Q Well, that raises some questions about fuit what sort farm, my dad who I've always classed as a fairly milKant equal sized electorates. If won, this would have ended of people you think Queenslanders are. "There's been a big the very thing that has stopped you from getting office debate in the press about this lately. The image from the unionist has in many ways an attitude towards the abor­ i.e., the gerrymander. Now why wasn't some phenom­ south of course is that this is the Deep North and that the iginal question which (it is completely different to mine enal effort put in by the ALP in this slate, when it was people in Queensland are very conservative compared to its part of that mral background (ha( he's nad. D in your own interests to make sure that referendum was those living down south. Now, do you think that is an won in Qld? accurate sort ofa picture? END PART ONE perspective THE PREMIER SPEAKS The recent Queensland state election has left Uie The significance of Uiis for the Labor Party is Uiat Labor Party in the unenviable position of the most in­ he will be replaced by the highly photogenic Mr. Bill effectual opposition party in Australia today. Even Knox, Minister for Justice, or whatever we call it in more so than that opposition lead by that right honour­ Queensland. Then the sparks should really start flying. able gentlemen, Billie M. Sneddon. The Labor Party Bill Knox wil! not be too happy wiUi being number two. lost the last state election for a number of reasons, not Unlike Sir Gordon, he aspires, I should think, lo Uie die least of which was its overt friendship with its par­ substance rather than to the sliadow ofQueensland ent body, the Federal Labor Government; this latter poUtics. group apparently being unpopular in Queensland at More Uian anytiiuig, the last Queensland election DUE TO LACK OF SPACE THE the time. The lack of good aggressive leadership within brought home to Labor in Queensland its dependancy INTERVIEW WITH THE PREMIER the Labor Party was also important. Perc Tucker is a upon the popularity of Federal Labor. HAS BEEN PUT ON THE MICRO­ nice guy, but then again, so I believe, is Bill Sneddon, DOT ABOVE'. and look whats happening to hun. Many would argue However, Uie Labor Party cannot afford to sit on the that Joh Bjelke-Petersen is an hnpressive and popular fence waiting for something to happen. They will have Premier, however, I would prefer not to be Uie one to to do something positive hi the eyes of Queenslanders. have to do so. Their only consolation is that Uiey have got to start winnuig from hereon in. They certamly could not do \ Tlie most significant outcome of the election, for any worse. While they could not possibly win any el­ the Labor party, is the emergence of Tom Bums as its ection before about 1980, Tom Bums is going to be Queensland leader. He has even managed to make the around for a long time yet. This in itself is good for Uie front page of the Courier Mail, which, for any person Queensland Labor Party. COPY RIGHTS RESERVED. m his position, is no mean feat. Tom Bums has, dare At this time, the Queensland Labor Party must be I say it, 'the common touch'. Unlike Uie Premier who feeling the pertinence in that old adage about choosuig gets all his highs from flymg, Bums mdulges such de- your friends but being stuck wiUi your relatives. Ughts as fishing,footy , and in fact, all the things Uie rest of us who cannot afford to fiy must do. At last, Laurence P. Gormley Bjelke-Petersen has someone who can figlit him, and, perhaps, even beat him on his own ground. ,, But the Labor Party, I would imagine, is not upset by the long-term effects of this ratiier massive defeat. hi fact, the recent election did to the pariiamentary Labor Party in Queensland what the January floods did to the Brisbane River^ It flushed out the debris and Uie deadwood. The more widespread Uie defeat, in fact, the better it would have been for tiie Labor Party. And juding by the original composition of the parliament­ ary party, Uiis defeat was an amazmgly healthy one. The great irony of Uie election is, of course, that it is the Bjelke-mander that saved the Labor Party from total annihilation. WiUi proper manipulation, tiie State Govemment should become its own worst enemy m next to no time at all. Governments with such majorities, seventy odd to eleven, usually manage to gain unfavourable public­ ity with the use of tiie gag in parliament and general stand over tactics. Many believe Uiis will happen wiUi this govemment, and some despicables are relying on it. AustraUans,(perhaps 1 should only speak for Queen­ slanders) love underdogs. Undoubtedly, Tom Bums has already realised this and has gained some public sympaUiy over the issues of parUamentary offices, or the lack of them, for Laborites, and Joh's refusal to let him use his new super-dooper set. of wings. WiUi any sort of luck Uiere should also be some sort of split wiUiui the National-Liberal Party coahtion. Bums has already dangled Uie candy hi front of tiie nose of SU Gonlon Chalk, Uie state Liberal leader, off­ ering him the leadership wiUi Labor backhig. While The Politicians Sir Gordon decUned, it has given some hnpetus to a fairly paUietic section of parliament. Enough perhaps to create Uie havoc Uiat Bums is hophig for. Sir (Jor­ don has apparently been offered the position of Queen­ sland Agent General hi Prince Len and Princess Shirley's a politician is an arse upon Hutt River Principality. As a result, he is expected to which everyone has sat except a man leave the Queensland political arena sometime toward e.e. cummings. tiie end .of 1975. 14 mnpm nowat the alternative one vote one value

GERRYMANDER ged the composition of the House has changed corres­ Now that the system of suigle member constituen­ After the recent State elections there has been a pondingly. This is in marked contrast to the system cies has been shovim to be the major cause ofthe un­ great hue and cry from the Labor party about how un­ used in other states especially Queensland. democratic results of the last state elections Ishall fair the distrib'ution of electoral boundaries in Queen­ The use of multi-member seats also has Uie advan­ quickly return to the Gerrymander. The Gerrymand­ sland. It is claimed by such people as Tom Bums that tage of allowuig electors a choice from a number of er is a devise usually used by parties in power wiUi the reason that ALP representation hi tbe Queensland candidates from the one party. This makes the part­ only minority support to ensure that opposition part­ pariiament is so low is "The Gerrymander". However ies more responsive to voters' wishes and also encour­ ies are under-represented. This is done by givuig them this could not be further from the truth as shall be ages parties to broaden Uieir poUcies so that voters do seats where they wm by very large m^orities and demonstrated further on. not need to go outside the major parties to get effec­ which are also bigger in population while the govern­ In actual fact it is the use of single member constit­ tive representation. ment parties win seats (which are also smaller m popu­ uencies in the election that has produced such a warp­ If multi-member seats were used in the last state lation) with only comfortable majorities thus not allow­ ed result. The absurdity of this system can be demon­ elections m Queensland we would not have had the ing a big wastage of votes as in Labor seats. strated easily, for example, by assuming that the Lab­ absurd situation where there is not one Labor mem­ However hi last year's State elections there was or party's support was spread evenly all over the state ber west of the Great Divide even Uiough about 25% such a big swing against Labor that prewously huge and not concentrated in any particular area! Then one ofthe people west of Uie Great Divide voted Labor. majorities were completely eUmuiated. Therefore,if it could draw extremely fair 'electoral boundaries for 82 For example, if 3-member seats were used a Labor wasn't for the seats which were specially devised to single member constituencies using the principle of member would have been elected if he/she had re­ include large Labor majorities, the Labor party might one man one vote. The result ofthis process of redis­ ceived more than 25% of Uie vote in that electorate. have won even fewer seats. It is possible that if the Lab­ tribution (which is in direct accordance with ALP pol­ or party had got its way in a redistribution before the icy) would for this example mean the ALP would In areas of greater population concentration larg­ last election they would have ended up with fewer win no seats at all. er member seats could be used (e.g. seven) which allows greater accuracy and choice. An example would seats rather than the eleven they won under the pres­ This is easily seen as in every seat the Labor Party's be a seven member seat where the Labor party receiv­ ent gerrymandered system. D total of about 36% would always be smaller than the ed 38% of votes, Liberals 31%, National Party 27%. conbuied liberal/N J. total of 59% (see table). This John Campbell The likely resuh of such a vote is Labor 3 seats, Ub­ therefore means that under the present system of sin­ ?eop\e interested in EIec(oial ^s(em are reoommended to md erals 2 seats and Nationals 2 seats. gle member constituencies a minority party (such as "How Demoaacks 'Vote" by Enid Lukemtn published by Fabet the ALP Ul Queensland was ui December 1974) has & Fatier, 1970. Undeignduate Libmy, JP 1001. L27 1970. to depend on local variations ot^curring m the con­ centration of their support to allow them to whi a 1974 STATE ELECTIONS RESULTS seat. While the Labor party in more fortunate times is able to approach the 50% mark and thus wm a far greater number of seats the pohit that was made is still valid.

PARTY ^tVOTC PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION NoofSeatsDewived' NoofSeatsGidned % of Seats Gain ALP 36.02 30 U 13.41% A far more democratic way of electuig members Liberal 31.10 26 30 to pariiament would appear to be one in which the 36.58% number of seats gained by a party corresponds to its National P. 27.87 23 39 47.56% proportion of votes. A system whereby this is more (Total Ob/NF) (58.97) (49) (69) nearly obtamed is a proportional representation sys­ (84.14%) tem, variously known as the Hare-Clark or quota-pre­ DLP 1.91 I 0 0 ferential system. This is used for example hi Tasman­ OUiets , 3.10 2 2 2.44% ia in State elections and a less effective variant is used for the Australian Senate. Total 100 82 82 100 The Tasmanian electoral boundaries involves the use five 7 member const it uen ces. Under this scheme a' This is a table showing the results of the December 1974 State Elections'in reference to the total Party votes (Column 1) candidate must gain 12^% to be elected, this bemg Also shown (Column 2) are the number of seats the parties deserved based on the vote they received. Column 3 shows the iiuniber of seats actually won. Column 4 allows one to sec tiie distortion Uiat the present electoral systems allows in called the quota. The use of this system in Tasmania relation to the party vote and the actual percent^e of seats gained. has meant a close agreement between the voting sup­ port for parties and the number of seats won by their candidates. When voting support for parties has chan- One strongly suspects that the Government's function notably sexism which have not been touched upon be­ THE QUEENSLAND STATE OF MIND (CON'D) on matters of morality (defined Queensland-style as any cause tiie local variant is not much different from Uie Australian model. The type of demands Uiat Queenslanders make are uit«iest^8 ^^ ^° *"h ^'') '^ ^° ProWde the same sort ofall- "^ weather msurance against nsk that it does m the econom- Queenslanders are conservative - not in an ideologi­ ing. They expect the Government to pioneer Uie land, A ic sphere. Just as Queenslander expect drought relief and cal way but from the view of the practical handyman on great deal of the infra-structure of development has to flood mitigation they want protection from unsettluig Uie farm. Caution, borderhig on paranoia is part of the be provided almost regardless of the profitability ofthe ideas (thought relieQ and laws on moralhy (fun mitigat­ Queensland style. This state is tiie last resthig place of new venture. When a person has decided to, set themself ion). Uie conspiracy Uieory and the communist can. up in some business it is seen as the Government's job to Queensland has always had a strong line m "morality Beyond the very prosaic matters of state govemment keep them in business. Two mstances of this are the upright" pohticians, no matter what their political or busmess, Queenslanders are capable of being stirred. Mainline Corporation and Dairy Fanners. The Govern­ Some threat to their established way of life is enough ment has to guarantee markets and minhnum prices, to business morality is like - one can usually assume that However the level of debate remains low. Queensland subsidise production costs; to protect, regulate and shel­ a successful Queensland politician is bad hi bed. The politics follow Ute climate; most ofthe time hot-air ter from the harsh winds of competition a vast variety of A.LP. has lately moved from a position of moral hypo­ with occassional flash floods of public hysteria. industries. This is a frontier State with a difference; here crisy ~ traditionally one of it's strong pouits - into a the Govemment takes the risk out of expansion. position where one can no longer be sure that theh guilt In some ways Queensland is just an out-of-date ver- is in the right place.. sion of Australia. In sunpler times, Ocker values were sup­ Queenslanders expect such a lot from their Govern­ The old myth that Queenslanders are easy going fun- reme, but mamly due to a migrant influx Uie major cit­ ment that some have called the system State Sochilism. lovuig people must be laid to rest. They take Uieir plea­ ies are becoming cosmopoUtan and pluralistic This is inaccurate though because no Party in Queens­ sures very seriously. The moral code is subject to the Quite whether Uie old bush carpenter meulods will do land has attempted to redistribute income. Rather Uiey same Bush-Carpenters attitudes as are ideas generally. any more is m doubt. One alternative to change is for work on the assumption that if the Govemment expands "Well, I'm not sure what it's for but I'll hang on to it - Queensland to stagnate; to become a nostalgia and sun­ the size of the pie arguments about the size of hidividual it may come in handy one day and for all 1 know.it shine trip for souUierners. The best altemative is for a slices are less important. could be holding the place together?' genuine provhicial culture to emerge. The hnpulsc is here. One thing Queensland has never practised and indeed The brief survey has revealed some of the facets of But bjfons such a phenomena occurred Queenslanders it was the first theory they rejected, was Laissez Faire the Queensland state of mhid. There are other features, Capitalism. r.rdXcr'*n •'*'"*•"•"»« "*^' il»gg?j>ffl r •ssrsssmsesanaaBriaias .IJ-IWHJIUMI :«iJ5fc. SCIENCE FICTION AND THE DEFLATION OF MAN

In a science fiction novel or story things we treat as BY JUDY BRETT constant in our everyday dealings with the worid and others are treated as variables. Sometimes the special world of the science fiction work may differ from ours in such a way as to make a social comment on our world - to warn us against the dire effects of unbridled techno­ logical progress, the soread of the advertising ethos, or the possible consequences of the continued unquestion­ ing worship of the gods of efficiency, rationality and pro­ gress. Defenders of science ficlion often try to defend il in terms ofits potential role as u vehicle for satirical com­ ment directed against liic ills ofour society. When science fiction docs perform this lole it usually does so by extra­ polating certain features of our present society into a gruesome future. Tho.se who, following in the King Wcn- ceslas footsteps of Huxley and Orwell, and finding the respectable aura of these men dispelling some of the nasty smells ofthe gutlers of popular culture, indulge in a lilllc intellectual slunuiiing wilh the genre, usually read novels like the following: Fahrenheit 451, by Ray Bradbury, in which, in a stag­ nant society, most of whose population is mesmerized by the mass media, books arc banned and any discovered are burned; The Space Merchants, by Frederick Polil and Cyril Cornblulh, in which an over-populated world is control­ led by giant rival companies in the interest ofthe com­ panies and is stratified inlo producers, executives and consumers, the consumers being ihe victims of the com- . panics' ad-men; Player Piano, by Kurt Vonnegut, in which the age of leisure has come, the clTiciency ofthe engineers and automation have made work, except for the privileged few, unnecessary. But ihe protective aura of their men­ tors usually does not extend far beyond novels such as these. Defenders of science fiction who sieze on the soc­ ial implications ofa few novels (o protect it usually leave most ofthe genre undefended. For most science fiction seems curiously unconcerned with the role its defenders see for il. More frequently, the work is characterized by playful inventiveness rather than serious social concern within a sugar-coating of fiction. And the playful inven­ tiveness with which the writer treats both man and his worid, deflates ihem both. The science fiction writer plays with out world like a boy playing with a meccano set building, altering this structural prop here and there, dnd shaping his new building round these changes. Man and his v/orld are shown to be a very small part of crea­ tion, and a long way off-centre. The moral value, importance and power to survive of social forms we now accept are questioned, as in the nov­ els discussed above. There is nothing so very mind-shat­ tering about this, for they are questioned every day in our dealings with other cultures and other times. How­ ever in science fiction it is not Just the moral value, im­ In The Drowned World by J. G. Ballard, man is seen disaster as easily as a flimsy seventh veil. portance and power to survive of particular social forms as part of an evolutionary process which can be reversed. Kingsley Amis ih New Maps of Hell points out that Uiat is questioned, but of all social forms, and of man. A decrease in the Earth's gravitational hold on Uie outer since the second worid war (in this article 1 am mainly Man's achievements - his sociely, liis technology and layers ofthe ionosphere has increased the temperature on dealingwith science fiction written since then) the his leamhig - look very solid and dependable in the short Earth and its exposure to solar radiation. Tlie icecaps aliens met in space travels are not the man-eating death- term. But science fiction has a long range view of time, have melted and the water levels risen. Tlie huge quanti­ ray-wielding aliens of twenty years ago, but are superior and in reading it one gets a feeling of the iranscience of ties of silt dislodged by the melting ice have completely to man in knowledge and wisdom. A race of aliens in any given social form when seen against the sweep of altered the contours ofthe continents. The Earth's clim­ Robert Heinlein's Methuselah's Children is described time. Time in science fiction is an impersonal Ume kept ate is returnuig to the Triassic period and flora and fauna thus: by the movements ofthe starsand planets, not the warm are, through mutation, also returning to fomis of that per­ A creature, a race, so gentle, so civilized, so free human time kept by Uie ticking of my grandfather's iod. Mammal fertility is decreasing and that of reptiles and from all enemies, from all danger and strife that clock. Science fiction puts Uie human time against the amphibians increasing. they could afford to share their thoughts with others cosmic scale, and the meal-times, birthdays and historical Man is not unaffected by his changed environment. He - to slwre more titan their thoughts; these creatures dates it keeps are lost in the orbits of Uie stars. Fred does not stand in his three piece suit ui the midst of the were so gentle and so generous tlmt they were offer­ Hoyle in Ossians Ride writes. encroaching swamps, but is swept back into his own bio­ ing the humans a homestead on their planet. Soon Time's headlong rush will stream past us too and logical past. (Ballard's pseudo-scientific explanation of Man's moral supremacy is even challenged by his own in our time we shall be enshrouded in the black obscur­ this is very unclear). A few men are at a fioating lest sta­ creation - the robot. In Asiniov's stories about robots, ity ofthe past.... Soon our whole generation and age tion over what was once London; the rest of mankind the robots must obey the three laws of robotics, accord­ will begone without a trace - no, not without a trace, now lives within the Arctic circle. These men begin to ing lo which they are incapable of harming huinans. Sus­ for here and there an idea will be preserved and will have strange dreams, and some of them take to the jun­ an Calvin, a robo-psychologist who has worked with ro­ become part of the Imman heritage down through the gle and lagoons following the primordial sun, rather than bots all her Hfe said: millenia. returning north to the remnants of civilization. "...... if a robot can be created capable of being a civil Hoyle sees man surviving and some few of his ideas Man's civilization, cities and leaming are drowned. Ig­ executive, I think he's make the best one possible. By being passed on. This is not found in all science fiction. uanas and basilisks perch in the upper windows of office the laws of robotics he's be incapable of harming hu- In Tiger! Tiger! by Alfred Bester the descendants ofa re­ blocks and department stores; the planetarium of the uni­ nwns, incapable of tyranny, of corruption, of stupid­ search team of scientists who had been marooned on a versity is overgrown with seaweed, and the men who are ity, of prejudice. And after he had served a decent small asteroid two centuries before, have become sava­ left don't care. term, he would leave, even though he were immortal ges, practising tatooing and cilling themselves 'The Sci­ In Earth Abides by George Stewart, neariy all ofthe because it would be impossible for him to harm hum­ entific People'. The sophisticated science of their for­ world's population is killed by a virus. Tlie story centres ans by letting them know a robot lad mled them. It • bears has disintegrated into phrases, chants and symbols, on seven surviving adults who join together. Much ofthe would be most ideal." 'most scientific' being the phrase of general commendat­ book is concerned with the way the balance of nature re­ And Susan Calvin when asked: "Oh, are robots so very ion. So much for the power of ideas to survive. adjusts itself to the death of man. The more delicate different from man mentally?", replied "Worlds different Man as we know him may not even survive. In many plant and animal life, dependant on man for its survival, Robots ate essentially decent." science fiction works man is seen as part of nature, not dies out, while the wilder strains flourish.Fo r a while Aliens, wiser, more knowledgable, and more powerful lord of nature. Ish, the leader ofthis small group, tries to keep the three than man may influence man's affairs. As well as question Mankind in his present form is seen as only one stage piece suit of civilization, if not on at least in the wardrobe ing man's wisdom and moral worth, science fiction ques­ in an evolutionary process, rather than as the end-product ready to wear. But after a series of failures he gives up. He tions his autonomy. ofa process which has gone about as far as U can go. fails in his attempts lo teach the children to read, and In 2001 the aliens appear only twice to give mankind Science fiction speculates about the possibility ofthe when he dies he is the last who can read, or who even a helping hand between stages of development, and be- . process going a lot further and higher forms of human knows there is such a tiling as reading. The civilization iween these appearance leave him lo his own devices. life developing. Man may develop new mental powers, in which man wraps himself as witii a densely woven bla­ , continued page 19) such as telepathy, or corporate human behigs may evoke. nket can be ripped away by some natural or man-made 16. ;s«mper (ioroat INTERNATIONAL

The Ford Plan is absurd - among other reasons - be­ America for loss of a job to result in impotence. Anot­ cause most expatriate resistors, which apparently means her substitute for a"ute of passage" is military service most resisters, aren't interested in going back to the Uni­ - a fact exploited heavily by the iftiages used on recru­ ted States anyway, except perhaps as visitors. Americans iting posters. A third, for some, is the completion of question have been told this repeatedly for at least five years, but whatever level of education is "expected" in each part­ they just don'l seem able to believe it. icular family. d! Americans feel no one could prefer another counlry to The expatriate resislcr is ofien a man who had wal­ this one, given a genuine choice; if some ofour finest ked away from all three of these possible passage-riles JUSTICE youth reject the United Slates, are they noi in some way al Jusl the age when, in America, Ihe question of "prov­ rejecting us? ing" manhood can be expected to be prominent among AMEX, a publication that reaches much ofthe expat­ his concerns. riate population in Canada, had an editorial tlial referred But they made themselves' 'men," not by conform- to amnesty as "the same old question, and the favourite , ing to the manhood sex-role rituals of a closed society, PRESIDENT FORD'S AMNESTY PLAN ofall non-exiles." American Hberals want amnesty, tiie but by taking theh lives into their own hands, putting editorial suggested - "to assuage thejr consciences and to their faith in their own convictions and abilities, and You do not, indeed you cannot, for^ve someone for continue ignoring that the American dream has become a shaping their existences for themselves. doing what is right. Much less can you ask him to atone nightmare drug." If Americans in the 'Vietnam-era age group" are for it. Gerald Ford and Nelson Rockefeller are not going alienated, that alienation is much more likely to be to emulate Henry Hand crawl bare-kneed to the tomb of found among those who went to Vietnam. For one St Thomas, admitting the sickening guilt of America's thing, they are as a group - granting many individual actions in Vietnam, not to mention elsewhere. For the exceptions - extremely guilt-ridden; the resister is, by expatriate resisters, virtue will continue to be its own, contrast, unalienated and proud. and its only, reward. Actually, the (wo groups respect and understand each other, on the whole, far better than some ofthe rest of Nowhere in connection wiUi the Ford Plan does us understand either of them. They are after all the there appear the word "amnesty". The terms that are same age; they share many of the same disillusionments; used are "clemency" and "leniency" (and, once in the they are, regardless of poUtics or ideology, members of President's proclamation, "mercy"). a subculture that their parents, and their parents' con­ "Amnesty" relates to forgetting. Propcriy used, it hn- temporaries, will never really understand. plies no judgment of any kind whatever. Hence those Many Vietnam veterans are far more willing than their who resisted the war, or who later came tooppose it, parents to support complete amnesty for resisters. And prefer' 'amnesty" to other words (and hence the Presi­ ma'ny Vietnam veterans are aware, as many olher Amer­ dent avoids it). The Vietnam Veterans Against the War, icans are not, that the expatriates are expatriates not in a long statement issued hi 1973, said: "Tlie term only because of principled objection to the war and the 'amnesty' legally fits out requirements because it means draft - thougli these were of course the major motivations 'abolition of the crime.' In other words, there is no pen­ There are few outright pacifists among them, and not - but because of disillusion with American society as a alty because there was no crime. The term 'pardon' is all that many political radicals (a surprising number say whole. legally used lo mean the abolition of the sentence, recog­ that they would fight for Canada). Political radicals ten­ nizing a crime did occur." And I find myself wondering why anyone who ded to say, "Stay in America and fight." Some expatria­ carries a bumper strip reading "America - Love ll or There are other semantic problems surrounding the tes have become radicalized, in American terms, since Leave It" can simultaneously carry so much haired for issue, one of them having lo do wilh wiiat lo cal! the their arrival in the north - partly through observing Am­ people who have taken his advice. people we're talking about. "Deserter" as a term for erican influence in Canada and partly through just look­ A conservative cslinwle is Ihal there are Iwlween those who were in the military before they quit has ing at America from outside - but tliey are not radicals 60.000 and 80,000 resistors subject lo the Ford Plan in negative connotations in America; but I'll go wilh to begin with. Bill Jones, who headed ihe American Deserters Com­ Canada alone, and between 100.000 and 150,000 every­ They did not for Ihc most part sec tolalilarianisiii in where in the workl. mitiee and who said:" 'Deserter' is an honest word. Wc the official atlilude, but they are nolabic not only as The Pentagon w-dim you lo think the number is stitai- want it to be clear beyond doubl that we've descried opponents of the war but as people who refused to he Icr. because if a few thousand don'l show up for rcdcinp from whal is evil about America. Wc will have no part lolalitarian subjects. The beauty of ihc dodgers and tion. they're all a bunch of radical nialconlcnls; but if of it." deserters, even the totally apolitical ones is thai al .some 100,000 don't show up, maybe il isn't redemption at Aside fiom loopholes, the Ford Plan is full of dan­ point it occurred to them that they didn't have to do all, and maybe Americans would start wondering about gers for the unwary. One of them is that the statement whal tiiey were told, and that's a beginning. the whole thing. you will be asked to sign includes the phrase, "As an Among war-related expatriates in Canada, perhaps A bad clemency plan is a hell of a lot better than a acknowledgement of my allegiance to the United Slates a fifth are women, who have given up their homes and war in Vietnam, but the Ford Plan is not exactly what of America, I agree to ....", but according to at least one their countiy as an act of courage. Most of them are somebody once called "a new birth of freedom." For attorney, if you have attained Canadian citizenship af­ there to be wiUi men in some sort of semi-permanent those resister expatriates who have found some meas­ ter leaving the United States in order to avoid military connection, and they are not under legal pressure in the ure of freedom in the norUi, even if at first they sought service, then you can never come batik at all under pre­ United States. only escape and sanctuary, there is nothing in the plan sent American law - Ford Plan or no Ford Plan (the There are few rituals hi American life for determin­ to indicate that a Grand Rapids Republican hack has same would be true of citizenship in Sweden or in any ing the passage into manhood. One substitute for such managed to reverse the direction of the Big Dipper. Q other countiy). After the fuss dies down, of course, you rituals is the job - economic self-sufficiency; for rea­ could probably come in all right - but never legally, and sons no psychiatrist has yet adequately explained, Am­ always subject to being tumed back at the border is erican males of all ages relate their "manhood" to their riona Mn...'..- '^*"^ 3 deserter's personal story on tils trip Uene Alanne ttirougn the clemency machine read "Rol- someone is alert enough. money-earning capacity, ahd it is not uncommon in • Itng Stone* — Jan 3o Edition. WOMEN from VIETNAM

The Vietnamese Women's Delegation from North Vietnam and the PRG. Women in Solidarity for Peace will visit Brisbane on 29th March through to April 1st.

The delegation will consist of: Mme Le Thu, Executive member of the Central Committee of the Vietnam Women's Union in chaise of educational affairs. Ms Nguyen Linh Quy, journalist, interpreter. Mme Ma Thi Chu, member of the Central Committee of the South Vietnam Women s Union for Liberation and member of the Central Com­ mittee of the South Vietnam National Front for Liberation Ms Nguyen Thi Tinh, interpreter.

The Brisbane itineraiy is as follows: I. Arrival: 29 March 11 a.m. T.A.A. Terminal . 2. Reception: 29 March 7.30 p.m. Waterside Workers Hall 3. Womcn'smectuig: 31 March lOa.m.-1 p.m. Women's Community Arts Ccnlre, 101 Wynuum Road, Morningsidc. 4. Lunch Time Meeting: Universi'ty of Qld Relax Block 1.00 p.m.

The visit is being organized by 'Women in Solidarity for Peace' in all states your support is needed to make this visit a success both in altcndiiig the meetings and backing the tour financially. Please send donations to: Women In Solidarity for Peace 10 Hampson Street, Kelvin Grove. Further information contact the above address or phone 71 4983 semper flof eat 17

SOVIET REVISIONISTS' NEW RUSE fusely about "detente" and "disarmament." A few days ' 1976, a jump of 8,700 million dollars. U.S. diplomacy, after submission of the new ' 'proposal", they announced the message stressed, "is backed by a strong national de­ When a "new Soviet proposal" was submitted to the Uiat large-scale military manoeuvres will take place in the fence." It added Ihal to achieve and maintain a "mili­ Vienna talks on force reduction in Central Europe, Uie European area in March. This is anotiier self^xposure of tary balance" with Uie Soviet Union and lo cope with Soviet propaganda machine advertised that adoption of Uie so-called "freeze". Uie "spcclrum of potential threats", "United Slates for­ the proposal "will greatly check the arms race in Cen­ Nothing in Uie world can be frozen for ever. The con­ ces must be strengthened." tral Europe" and "will keep anyone from obtaining an tention between the two superpowers, the Soviet Union Tlic message declared thai "improved slralegic nuc­ unilateral military superiority." However, initial analy­ and the United States, for world hegemony and for dom­ lear forces and the development of possible strategic sys­ sis of Uie "new proposal" shows it to be something en­ uiation in Europe has not been and can never be "frozen". tems for folure deployment are planned" by the United tirely different. It is becoming, on the contrary, fiercer and fiercer. The sit­ Stales. For this purpose, it will continue ils research Tliere is nothing at all uation in Europe has not been and can never be "frozen". and development of new strategic bombers and new slral­ about disarmament, just "a freeze of the status quo". By stepping up amis expansion and war preparations in egic missile systems. 'The research and development It is well known that the Soviet revisionists have all Europe, the Soviet revisionists are steadily aggravating and underground lesling of nuclear weapons will increase along had the advantage over Uie West in the strength tension and the danger of war. in 1976," the message noted. of conventional forces in Central Europe. Far from do­ The message also stressed lliat "the figliting power of ing any harm to them, a "freeze of the status quo" can the general purpose forces will also be strengthened." It only benefit them. Rejectmg Uie "new Soviet proposal" wenl on lo say Ihat there will be "an increase in the num­ a NATO spokesman said that' *a freeze m advance of MARKED INCREASE IN U.S. MILITARY ber of active army divisions from 13inJuiie 1974 tol6 agreement on reductions would codify the existing dis­ EXPENDITURES by September 1976" and they will be armed with "mod­ parity of forces which strongly favours the Warsaw Pact." ernizing weapon systems and equipment." In view of Instead of "freezing" their arms expansion and war "die rapid growfh in the Soviet navy," the tnessage said, preparations in Europe, the Soviet revisionists' proposal U.S. President Gerald Ford presented an unprccedenl- Uic United Stales must "maintain a vigorous programme has served to "freeze" Uie force reduction talks them­ edly huge budget for fiscal 1976 lo Congress calling for of new ship construction and modernization for the selves. A Westem reporter noted that the Soviet propo­ a marked increase in military expenditures and an all- naval forces." In addition, it slated, "the tactical air for­ sal "produced the latest in a series of deadlock situations round reinforcement of U.S. military strength, so as to ces will be modernized" and "work will continue on the hi the 16 month negotiations." maintain a "military balance" with the Soviet Union. dcvelopnienl of a new battle tank, amiourcd infantry The Soviet revisionists have been continually stepping Total mihtary ouUays will rise from 85,300 million combat vehicle and attack helicopter system to over­ up arms expansion and war preparations while talking pro­ dollars in fiscal 1975 to 94,000 million dollars in fiscal come tiic Warsaw Pact advantage in armoured strength.'Q franc e rhodesia Our Tahiti correspondent informs The Rhodesian regime's "Settler '74" campaign, us tiial France is givhig Taliiti a nuclear power station of CaniHidearpotwer which was designed to bring one million white immigrants an experimental type. giveyou whiter teeth? to the country during 1974, was a resounding flop. The He reports that there is a natura! tendency to look racist regime fell short of its target by 999,405, with a net tiiis gift horse in Uie moutii not only on grounds of dan­ gain of only 595 immigrants, the lowest total in eight years. ger, but because il is so totally unnecessary. Francis Sanford, the Deputy for French Polynesia in the National Assembly al Paris, sees the power station spam as part ofa campaign to accustom Ihe Frendi people inlo The Franco regime on February 9 ordered acceptance of Uic nuclear testing project as a beneficient scwral schools in tlie University of Valladolid closed un­ ralher than malevolent factor. til October. Tlic closure, which will affect 9,000 stud­ Tallin, with its basalt sub-structure and abundant wat­ ents, is believed to be the harshest measure taken again­ er supplies, is ideally suited to hydro ratiier tiian nuclear st a university since the civil war in 1939. power. D The move followed a wave of protests Ihat began at the university last November, centering on demands for amnesty for all political prisoners and exiles, and expres­ sing support for striking industrial workers. In January ,-whert student leader Jose Luis Cancho chile Bcltran came to trial, the Valladolid student body call­ Brigadier General Hernan Bejares, general ed a seventy-two-hour general strike, beginning January secretary ofthe Chilean military regime, told the press 20. February 1 that at least ten more years of military mle The days leading up lo the strike were marked by step were needed in Chile. ped-up government repression. On January 15 the Valla­ In a warnhig directed at "those politicians who are dolid police chief announced the arrest of eleven persons thhiking of disrupting the econoniic and social develop­ Ybu: accused of distributing leaficts for the strike. The follow­ ment of Chile in order lo open the way for the taking bet your Nfer ing day a number of students were wounded when ami- of power," Bejares said: "This government is not going ed police broke up a meeiing on campus. On January, to give up in its objective until il leaves the country 17, the rector of the University of Valladolid announced completely consolidated economically and socially...." that all university and affiliated schools would be closed Tliis, he estimated, would take more than ten years. Q indefinitely. D ' IV ...; :HI\ • 'i,_"'i,i ''I . .. .' ^" ' itr •'* - • ' ,IJI - (." ,i!'.i!j'Jl? a way of

INTRODUCTION general education', to which we might add and not wiUi of genume yoga education, it is clear that the most education for living'. worthwhUe move Uie university authorities could take < Every year the pressure of University life seems lo take The universities in as much as Uiey are fulfillmg Uieir to meet this need would be to sanction a Department of a greater and greater emotional toll on Uie lives of stud­ purpose to provide qualified personnel for Uie commer­ Yoga Studies. The function of such a Department' ents and staff. Despite Uie rapid advances in higher edu­ cial, civil and industrial hiterests of Uie community, Uiey would not be to educate a peison in the intricacies of cation the university is still unable to provide an atmos­ do not make any provision for students or staff to deve­ Indian philosophy or to teach Sanskrit, but to tram staff phere in which a student can pursue his chosen career lop Uieir personal qualities such as an ability to concen­ and students m Yoga methods of self-development which while at the same time becoming a more integrated, stable trate, to be free from negative emotions such as anger, they could use to further themselves in their own chosen and happy person. greed, jealousy and intolerance. Their failure to do Uie field of endeavour. It is instructive to know that for latter detracts from any success they have in the former about 1,000 years Yoga was considered a fundamental The Yoga Society is endeavouring to establish classical because it is evident that an unmature and undisciplined part m the life of any student who went in for higher yoga as a bona fide method of education at Uiis univer- mind is a liability to the community no matter how well education, and more importantiy, every teacher or lec­ sily. This education provides for the development of the qualified he may be. This pruiciple must apply to both turer who taught ill Uie ancient Indian universities was individual's potential and leads to greater emotional stab­ students and staff in every university in Australia. versed in and practised Yoga. It would indeed be a fas- ility and concentration. The teachers are fully qualified chiathig socio-historical study to compare the quality and theh standards are consistent wiUi the strict require­ ofthe intellectual and moral standards of these ancient ments of the International Board of Yoga. They provide universities where Yoga was practised wiUi the standards authoritative guidance on a subject that is all too often we have in our universities today where no techniques presented to students in an adulterated forni. for personal progress are offered. The failure of the student and academic community to recognise yoga as a system of total education based YOGA STUDIES on tile classic path of yoga expounded by Patanjali (200 BC) has prejudiced the proper understanding and Yoga in its simplest fonn is the art and science of application ofthe subject. While the University author­ healthy living developed over 2,000 years ago and syn­ ities effectively ignore tiie crisis of Uie University and thesized into a rational system of complete education by fai! to recognise the role of bona fide yoga education Patanjali about 20O B.C. This system of education has students who wish to study the subject must bear the been handed down from generation to generation by the full financialburde n of sustaining on this campus a yogins through the application of its comprehensive system of education conducive to personality integra­ techniques and principles of healthy living. Yoga hi its tion. Not infrequently, personality fiagmenlation is authentic form as an education was not available to wes­ the result of the present form of University education. tern man until the Founder ofthe famous Yoga Institute Furthermore, the student who feels Uie need to dev­ Shri Yogendra, pioneered the modern Yoga renaissance elop himself is confronted with an array ofall and sun­ hi 1918 popularizing its classic methodology for use by dry views on the ancient science of yoga. This lack of modern man. Through the work ofthis great pioneer it autiiority and in some cases active misguidance at Uiis Left Shri Vyayadere, President of the Yoga Teachers Assn. of has been shown tiiat Yoga offers the most simple, effici­ university has caused concern among those who wish to Australia, Co-Principal of the Yoga Education Centre Melbourne ent and integral method of self-development avaUable to see yoga applied in its pure and traditional fomi. and former Advisor to the Indian Government on Education. society. The work of^the Yoga Institute has clearly The following article was written by Michael Myer, Right Shri Yogendra, Founder of the Yoga Institute, Bombay, shown that Yoga is not something supernatural or mys­ Uie President ofthe Melbourne University Yoga Society and President of the International Board of Yoga. terious reserved only for Uie initiated few but ratiier a and was presented to the Yoga Societies Intervarsity sound and practical approach to self-understanding and Workshop, January 1975 in Melbourne. self-realization beneficial to every hidividual regardless It would appear from Uiis that Uiere is ample room of his religion, race or age. RICHARD SPENCER for the university to incorporate within its functions the Tlie benefits of bona fide Yoga education - it is un­ provision ofa service or a department where a student TOWARDS A DEPARTMENT OF YOGA or staff member can pursue self-development. Such a portant to distinguish between the dubious professional STUDIES IN AN AUSTRALIAN department would have to offer a comprehensive pro- versions of Yoga and genume Yoga education — have UNIVERSITY . gramme m the art of healthy and natural living. Ele­ been vindicated by the successful promotion of the sub­ ject at Uie universities over Uie last ten years. Tlie tea­ Don Anderson in his article Problems and Performa­ ments in such a programme must necessarily include: chers of Uie subject have had to cope wUh tiie demand nce of University Students writes: 'There will be an (a) An indepUi study of personal hygiene, physical for guidance in all areas of need from sunple hygiene increasing need for counselling services (in the universi­ and mental, based on practical techniques for bet­ ties). The demand is symptomatic of tiie breakdown of needs, through emotional and mental problems to fhe community in the university as h increases in size.' He ter healtii on all levels of the individual. genuine aspirations for guidance as to a more moral and writes in the same article Uut behind most student pro­ (b) A study of tiie role and application of natural' noble way oflife. In each case the students have been blems are emotional disturbances frequentiy due to principles in day to day living whereby a person more able to cope with Uie demands made on them as causes other than study problems. The facts are that can leam to live m a more selfless and discipUned students or teachers at the university. an increasing number of students hi the universities way (Uie opposite to what is accepted as normal suffer from mild, moderate or severe emotional distur­ and desirable in modem philosophy of higher At the physical level students have found cure for bances. There also can be no doubt that many students education). problems of msomnia, asthma, dyspepsia, migraine, suffer from feelhigs of inadequacy, lonelhiess, purpose- colitis, hypertension, skhi disorders, obesity, constipa­ (c) A course in sunple techniques auned at developmg lessness and lack of motivation, wliich when combined ^ tion, diarrhoea and various other complaints which better concentration and control of the emotions often lead to physical iUness and hi some cases to suicide. plague them. Most of these conditions are of a psycho­ through mastery of Uie senses. The products of Uie university tramhig are consequently somatic nature and are therefore attributable to emo­ often unable to cope wiUi Uie'dcmands of day to day (d) A study of the relevance of spiritual values hi our tional or psychological problems, ta this are many stu­ livuig after Uiey leave university on graduation. The modem society hi the light of the domination of dents who have gamed relief from problems of anxiety, question is, wlut role can and has Yoga played hi higher our society by sensate and materialistic values. depression, nervous debUity and loss of personality con­ trol. The Yoga Societies even have records of cases re­ education in Australia? (e) The introduction of meditative and quietening ferred to them by student counseUors and psychiatrists, practices leadmg to greater uitrospection and hence Yoga was first uitroduced into the Australian univer­ who were unable to solve the problems concemed, where deeper self-awareness. sities Ul 1964 at Melbourne University under the auspices help has been gamed through Yoga. More hnportanUy ofthe Yoga Education Centre, Melbourne, the only (f) A sociological-cum-psychological uivestigation of at Uie level of attitude development and motivation teachhig msUtute hi Australia recognized by the Indian how materialistic society retards a person's pro­ Yoga disciplmes have been successful hi helping people Govemment, and a member of the Yoga hisUtute^ Bom­ gress as an uidividual, the reasons for this and who had lost hiterest hi studies, lost confidence in them­ bay. About 20 students were m Uie firstgrou p who means for overcomhig it. selves, or were prey to feelings of loneUness and despon­ took up Yoga and they were attracted to Uie subject (g) An indepth course examhimg the means of self' dency, to regain a feeUng of purpose and direction. In out of curiosity or in the belief Uiat it might help them disciplhie for a person interested hi self-realization. this sense yoga education relates to an overall approach maintahi a better state of healUi. For about 5 years to Uvmg, which is where its greatest benefits lie. ta some hiterest hi Uie subject at the university grew slowly wiUi (h) A study of preventative health care emphasfadng cases students have also indicated that Uuough Yoga each year another group of students taking an interest knowledge and care ofthe respiratory, nervous they have found a higher ideal by which to Uve - a spir­ hi yoga education. In 1969 Uie numbers taking Yoga and chculatory systems, each of which sufPpr itual ideal motivatuig them to adopt a more humane and at Unhrersity hicreased suddenly and societies were greaUy due to the pressures of modem living. harmonious way of life. formed at Monash and La Trobe Universities. In 1970 (i) A study of tiie application of Uie fundamental there were about 300 students and staff studyhig Yoga value of love. This aspect is of profound practical It has been shown that Yoga education can offer a at Uie three universities. By 1974 this had grown to hnportance because of Uie disastrous effects behig person answers to his problems and questions whether over 1,000 and anoUier society had been formed at the felt in every section of Uie community as a result Uiey are based on a physical, mental, emotional or Queensland University. This is more Uian a 5000% ofa lack of love. spiritual need. In each case the knowledge gauied de­ increase hi participation In ten years and serves to indi­ pends on what is sought as yoga education does not cate Uie growhig demand for a method of education The emphasis m these activities must be on their trespass on personal beliefs or religious views Uiough it which caters to an hidividual's emotional, moral, cultur­ practical benefit. In a department of Uiis sort it would does clarify and purify Uie mind of man so Uiat his ob­ al and spiritual needs as well as the vocatkinal require­ not be satisfactory to deal wiUi Uie issues at hand hi an jective can be more clearly seen and reaUsed. For tills ments. This rise in mterest in Yoga does conrespond, no mteUectual or academic way. Such a department must reason Yoga has not only commanded Uie respect and doubt, in part to the rapid hicrease hi the size of these offer clear guidelines which can be applied by a student interest of students and staff of Uie universities but also or staff member to help him or her become a more hite­ universities over the last decade, but it also refiects the proved an asset to tiie hunates of Uie Victorian prisons grated and healUiy person. It is pointless to argue about growhig search among students and staff for a proven who are trying to rehabUitate themselves. (Yoga has whether or not a person can hnprove hhn or herself. It meUiod of self-development to complement theh aca­ been taught hi H.M. Prfeon Pentridge and oUier pcntlte has to be practised by Uiose who want to Improve. demic and teachhig activities. Mr. Anderson in his artic­ ntiaries since 1966). le levels one criticism at the universities as There is a hideed If we correlated the requirements of a depart­ preoccupation with professional standards and not with ment caterhig for self-development wiUi Uie attributes cont'd f:iynBtr-fkwl3,'.|0 ^ quisite would be the sincere desire to progress and deve- Sludents in such a Departmen t^v^ould not have to and start such aDepartment,'if

sibiUty of any order, Uiey undermine our faith in the ul- (This is Uie scientific account given of it). One smaU science fiction timacy ofour own order, and of any order at all, and bit of ice-nine dropped into a bucket of water or an oc­ so they invoke the chaotic nature of the world. Their ean wUl lurn all the water in the bucket or the ocean in­ But in The Sirens of Titan by Kurt Vonnegut, we have attitude to this is not one of horror, breast-beating and to ice-nine. Eventually the ice-nine ends up on the smalt an absurd universe in which the whole human race is gnashing of teeth, but more one of detached and amus­ island of San Lorenzo where, al a celebration in honour being used by the Tralfamadorians. Salo, a messenger from ed acceptance. of Tlie Hundred Martyrs to Democracy, an aeroplane Tralfamadore, whose duty it is to carry a sealed message explodes during a display of aerial power. The power of from one rim of the universe to the other, had landed on the explosion of the plane, bombs and fuel causes a Titan after a part in his spaceship failed. He had sent a land-slide and the dictator's (Papa) castle beguis to slide message home with the speed of light, wliich meant it into the sea. Papa's coffin goes shooting oul to sea and would take 150.000 Earth years to get there. And in due that's the end of man. For Papa's body is a solid hunk course he received a reply: 'Replacement part being rush­ of ice-nine, Papa havuig swallowed a small piece of ice- ed wilh all possible speed,' This is what Slonehenge means nine as he lay on his death-bed and so immediately fre­ in Tralfamadorian. Tlie Tralfamadorians are able to influ­ ezing to death. ence creatures far away lo serve their own ends. So civil­ And how is one to react to the death of man? The izations on Earth grew, nourished and constructed mess­ island has a self-styled saint, Bokonon, who founded a ages to Salo like the Great Wall of China, Nero's Golden religion because as he said: Palace, and the Palace of the League of Nations. 1 wanted all things And the missing spare part was brought to Titan by a To seem to make sense small boy, as the result of a very complicated series of So we could all be happy, yes events. It was his good-luck piece - a piece of scrap me- Instead of tense tal he had picked up while on a school visit to a flame­ thrower factory. Seemingly chance events, like picking When il is not cool and detached but tries to do some- And I made up lies up a piece of scrap metal, are seen to be serving a pur­ tiling about what its detractors say, science fictionlapse s So that they all fitnice , pose - that of getting a replacement part to a stranded mto sentimentalism or moralism. For example, just before And I made tliis sad worid alien, so that the message he is carrying can reach its the end of Tiger! Tiger! by Alfred Bester, Gully Foyle, tiie A par-a-dise. destination. And that message is a single dot which means inhuman monster who had been propelled through a kal­ and who wrote in the fourteenth Book of Bokonon en­ 'Greetings.' eidoscopic whiri of adventure by a deep burning desire titied "What Can a Tliouglilful Man Hope for Mankind \ This to help send a message of greetings from one end for revenge, suddenly discovers a conscience, and starts on Earth, Giveii the Experience of Ihe Past Million Years? of the universe to the olher, is the purpose of human ex­ saying things like: 'I've realized that I've been behaving one word: "Nothing." Bokonon gives this advice as to istence, the end which gives meaning to what look like like an animal Tlie man who gives his own decisions how to react to the end of man, the results of luck and chance, hi tiiis novel Vonnegut over society, is a criminal. But there chain reactions. Pur­ /// were a young man I would write a history of hum­ presents an absurd universe by presenting man as direc­ ging yourself with punishment isn't enough. Everything's an stupidity and I would climb to tlie top ofMt ted towards an absurd gaol just as surely as do the ab­ got to be set riglit.' But he was much more believable McCabe and lie down on my back with my history as surd dramatists who present him as havuig no goal. when as a cardboard nian with a tatooed tiger's mask ob­ a pillow; and I would take from the ground some of In science fictionman' s civilization is seen as a fragile sessed by his desire for revenge he said: "Vorga, I kill the blue-white poison that makes statues out of men; tiling, and mankind is seen as existing in only a small fragyo­ u deadly." In this novel the author's wit and inventi­ and I \wuld make a statue ofmyselflying on my back, ment of time and space. His moral worth and autonomy veness never falter tiU his lapse al the end into triteness grinning horribly, and thumbing my nose at You are questioned, and his existence is seen as meaningless and triviality. Know Who. and absurd. In Cat's Cradle Kurt Vonnegut speculates about the And that is the last paragraph of Cat's Cradle. possibility of the complete destmction of the human race. Whal standards do you use to judge science fiction? U is with a writer like Kurt Vonnegut that science Order cannot be imposed on the Absurdity of man's des­ Science fiction criticism like that of Kingsley Amis sees fiction starts lo look as if it mighl be coming of age, truction by seeing it as the ultimate judgement of, and whatever that may mean. For Vonnegut does not even science fiction as at its besl when concerned with social punishment for, man's stupidity, greed, pride or aggres­ doff his cap to the Leavi- ite canons of greatness, but is satire and so uses 1984 and Brave New World as the stan­ sion. The end comes from a series of bizarre accidents. cool, detached, amoral and mildly amused. One closes dards. This leaves out a lot of good science fiction, and A rather eccentric physicist has made a substance called . Cat's Cradle not with a shudder of horrified forebod­ the approval of even the recognized science fiction is al­ ice-nine. It is a crystal formation, and a seed of ice-nine ing, not even with a sense of metaphysical anguish al ways qualified with remarks about its unreal characters, dropped into water teaches the atoms of water a new tiie absurdity of the human condition, but with a rat­ and lack of psychological depth and emotional aware­ way to arrange themselves. her wiy smile. Q Judy Brett ness. Peter Nicholls in an article in the 1964 M.U.M. called 'Science Fiction and the Disembodied Mmd' argues that in literature dealing with ideas embodied in plot and dia­ ALERT DRIVING SCHOOL logue rather than in human character, we get a tack of emotional ballast which results in a queer thin morality. He says: Letim to drive correctly and safely, from fully trained instructors with vast If emotional human considerations are thrown to one driving background experience on Dual Controlled Late Model Cars. side - then speculation about deformity, necrophillla, what is evil or twisted is an obvious result, for it is a mere game in which one tinkers with the idea of alter­ - ALERT wiU call for and return you to your address. native modes of existence. In which real human exist­ ence, as it is becomes merely one reflection in a hall - ALERT guarantees a full hour of instruction. of mirrors. But this is the attitude of science fiction - that hum­ - ALERT gives special rate to University Students, Nurses, Apprentices and an existence as we know it is merely one refiection in a \\iy A f\ similar categories. hall of mirrors. And writing science fiction is rather like playing a game, If talkhig in terms of psychological dep­ - ALERT arranges test bookings and provides a free divers license to successful th and emotional awareness seems irrelevant when con­ students. siderhig science fiction, in what terms are we to consider it? ^ ^ - ALERT provides Instruction 7 days a week - all suburbs. 'Prima facie it may seem that science fictionnovel s arc very different, in that they are, in most instances, writ­ (Proprietor: ROY BARTON) ten in a conventional form, and they present an,ordered worid. But the ordered world they present is not the Student 12 ROMEA STREET. THE GAP 4061 worid we know. In their playful presentation of the pos­ PHONE: 30 2416 ALL HOURS Mmpv flOTMl REVIEWS

Tranter has anumber of recurring concerns in this This judgement of course applies as well to Robert work: lifestyle and politics, love not only for one but Gray's Creek water Journal, no 3 in the scries. It consists for many, and poetry itself. This last concem he shares of poems of nature and of man's confrontation wilh it. wilh three Paperback Poets, one of whom pays him the As in Kavanagh's volume, there is an emphasis on land­ compliment of writing him a poem (Jennifer Maiden's scape and place (they have both lived and written in nor­ "Tunnel"). The 35 poems arc in three sections; Nega­ thern N.S.W.). Gray writes ofthe miai working class, and tives, prefaced with Wallace Steven's statement "Money of the towns they live in. He writes mostly in paragraphed is a kind of poetry"; Cheap Thrills, prefaced by and run­ free verse, except for the tiiree series of short Japanese ning counter to, a statement by TS. Eliot; and The Poem poems, 68 in all. 58 of which are haiku. Gxiy's Oriental in Love, fifteen blank verse sonnets illustrating a state­ interests are obvious from the titles of some of his poems menl from Paul Ducasse.rhe book jtself is drawn toget­ but it is his adapting of the haiku form to an Australian her as a unit by the prefatory statement of Henri Michaux. setting that highlights this volume. The three examples below are typical of the incisiveness of these poems. At first rfeading. Tranter may seem overiy difficult //) the rock pool, grass - his titles are ftequentty abstract "The Question of moves with the water. The biqlin bows Values", weird "The Disadvantage ofthe Diesel Engine". of an orchestra, adagio. or overly allusive''I(//,a/ Qimus loi:/"and we may tire ol » his continual references to cars, accidents, and other Freewheeling on a bike - writers. However, each poem can be read for ilself. or the butterflies of sunlight as part ofits section: e.g. Cheap Thrills is practically a all over me. narrative sequence, as The Poem in Love is a rcfieclive sequence. This sequence is formally and ihematically my Sultry night. Tlie moon books favourite part of the book. Its descriptions arc insightful, is small and fuzzy, an aspirin its assertions confidant. Tlie book's title is mentioned and in a glass of miter discussed in this last sequence, so drawing the book tog­ ether. Unfortunately, the last poem in Ihe sequence (and So that is my difficult task done. Of the two series. the book) is weak, but on the whole, this book is both Paperback Poets is the better, and of these, Kavanagh's good value and good poetry. Wild Honey is the best. This however is not to dismiss such Gargoyle volumes as Tranter's The Blast Area. Each UNI/VERSE: NEW POETRY FROM THE of these two books is a pleasure to read, and to re-read, MAKAR PRESS AND THE UNIVERSITY University ofQueensland have just anthologized and bodes well for the future publishing of verse by the OF QUEENSLAND PRESS their first series of Paperback Poets and released the university presses. D ^_ ^^ Christian firsl three volumes in Series two. On the whole, Ihe two Paperback Poets series are bolh more conventional and more impressive. Each volume has about 60 pp, more How can someone review seven volumes of poe­ compact than Ihose of Gargoyles and more pleasing. At try in ISOO words, especially when all they have in twice the price, Ihey are more than twice the value. common is that they were published via the university presses? 1 have four volumes of Gargoyle Poets and No 1 in the second series is Jennifer Maiden's three of Paperback Poets, several sheets of paper and I Tactics. She writes of the effects of academic life on her can think of no better way than to talk about each family life, of relationships and personal experiences volume in a somewhat systematic order. such as illness and of poetry and works of arl. She is genlly insightful "S/wpW//cr"ralher than intensely analy­ Makar Press publishes four Gargoyle Poets each tic, and broad in choice of topic and form, ralher than year, along with three volumes of Makar ("a magazine comprehensive in lreatnieiit.'S//c/ej andYac/ia'the final of new writing"), for S3.00 students' price. This would two poems, are brilliant, as is her Couple (cf. Bennett's THE UGLY AUSTRALIAN appear to he fairiy good v-iluc, but Gai^goyles are mean! 'Two in Beef). Maiden's foric is dealing with the personal lo be meagre firsl offerings by unknown writers and confiicts and tastes of an intelligent modern day person, Unlvind Quotes collected by Bill Hornadge since it lakes Ihis gamble, the series is patchy. For S0.75 who fears that her relationship lo Ihings and strangers individual price, one gets only forty pages of poems and might affect her relationships with friends and family. Review Publications, Dubbo, $2.50 even then the pages arc too big for most of their poems, so il is worth one's while to buy only Ihe occasional The second of U.Q.P.'s new volumes is Paul Kava- My all lime favourite quote has to be from Frank rcally good volume. Fortunately, there is one in the last nagh's Wild Honey, another book structured as a whole Hardy's novel The Outcasts of Foolgarah wherein ttic batch. and not just as a collection of poems. Seclon I, Beginn­ hero, a garbage collector and part-time revolutionary ings presents bolh the beginnings of his own poetic act­ of a distinctly Marcusian persuasion, casts nasiuri'iums Volume 9, Slefanic Bennett's Madam Blackboots ivity and the themes lo be discussed in the book. The ear­ on "all the snobs on Nob Hill who Ihink manual labour has some interesting insights into the effecl of technology ly and introductory"/// the place of wild honey' isa mas­ is a Spanish bullfighler.' on modern people (e.g. "Wtmian in the Red"), but there terly evocation of place, of what it is like lo be in a part­ Jusl by the by, I can distinctly remember learning is noihing starlHng here. Her tone and voice arc however icular area, to be in its history and geography .'To the - or more to the poinl, failing lo team - how to spell coiisislant, the attaining of which is a necessary first Australian dead'lioes the same in a wider context, dem­ nasturtiums in Grade 2, Al the lime 1 could riot quite step in any poet's journey. Her persistant self-analysis onstrating the type of hatreds relived in microcosm in see the point of it, because I didn't know what a nas­ grates a little, and her questions sometimes appear Ut­ 'Neighbours'To the Australian dead' is one of the finest turtium was. I still don't know and even the dictionary ile querulous, but there arc no really bad poems in the lyrics 1 have read .- compact, controlled and powerful. is confused. (I'm only telling you alt this because it is whole book and some arc a little bctler than average. Just look al the penultimate 6lh stanza as an example: true and I'm just trying to prove that fact is more bor­ Of Gallipoli noihing ing than ficlion). Volume 10, Eric Beach's St Kikla Meets Hugo Ball but the steep slope facing Troy Anyway, back to the Ugly Australian which is a and Volume 11. Carol Novak's Living Alone Without a and the barges retreating collection of about a thousand quotes most of which Dictionary arc bolh a lillie disappointing. Beach's verse over tlie wine-dark sea. are about how narrow minded, rascisl, authoritarian, is particularly puzzling to someone who has not heard drunken, inhibited etc etc Australians are. This is him read il - he reads in the talking blues and breath- probably very true, but nobody's perfect.... I have pause idioms, material which connects itself cither by The sixteen Songs of a Political Prisoner of Section my suspicions Ihat this guy is some kind of commun­ musical association, or free suggestion. Beach has the 2 continue the war and alienation themes. The blank qua­ ist trying to foster discontent (heavens above!) gift of an occasional brilliant expression, but this tends trains are as excellently handled as was the lerza rimao f There are a few classic lines about Queensland, in­ lo.get lost in Ihe dreariness of Ihe rest of his material. 'In the place of wild honey." As with the eariier poem, cluding this one from a Mr L.A.' Sugars, once the Gene­ Tile notable exception is "Ten Tiger Poems" translated just the righl delails are selected - but there is something ral Manager of the Queensland Chamber of Manufact­ from Wu Wang. They are absolutely brilliant. Carol more here too: just the right details are omhted. Section urers: "Queenslanders are still suspicious of people Novak's verse has loo many litery allusions for the ten­ 3The Broadwater, returns to the eariy ihemes of history fiom the southern slates, but no more suspicious than tativeness of Ihc statements they illustrate. Perhaps place and relationship - especially relationships with they are of other foreigners." Carol Novak may have done belter lo have waited u aliens, including the aUen within oneself.'Poe/n of my D.LP. Senator Jack Little also makes the book WhUc before publishing her first collection: she seenis thirtieth year is a natural follow-on from*//: the place of with his informed and insightful statement thai: "The too preoccupied wiih sex and psyche to pay attention wild hoitey'and is just as controlled and sensitive. only thing worth preserving in Aboriginal culture is to her craft. bark painting". The untilled section 4 is mostly poems on writing Quote ofthe book, though, must go to Norm Allan, Volume 12, John Tranter's The Blast Area is the and the arts. All bar one are free-verse sonnets, and all ex NSW Police Commissioner, a man renowned for the besi Gargoyle have ycl published (After that I would are perhaps indulgently aUusive, Ihough I think Kavan- modesty and ingratiating manner that typifies the Aus­ put their eighth piece, John Griffin's A Waltz on Stones). agh is aware of that. Topics are from ancient limes and tralian policeman: "1 acted wiih intelligence, speed and Tranter, born in 1943, is older than most other Gargoyle modem, from east and west, but the besl '\s Republican* efficiency." poets, but noi by many years (most are 25 and over) which js about Armistice Day. We are reminded that The poinl of it all is summed up by Kevon Kemp (?) and has the advantage of having had two previous publi­ Tranter also used a free-verse sonnet form, and structur­ "It came lo me suddenly about halfway through the cations, and another one in the press. Tliis book is not ed his wliolc book, but ihis is the better ofthe two. In­ Opera House Opening Festival that the reason Auslra­ only a collection of poems, but a siructurcJ volume of deed, I mighl even regard it as the besl pf thi! seven i lia is so well populated with knockers is that there is poetry: a work of arl in arrangement as well as in exec­ am reviewing: ihough certainly the U.Q.P.' books arc of slill so much lo knock." - that about wraps ft. up. n ution. a higher quality all-round. Stephen Stockwell Mfliptr (lerait 21 ied the innovations ofthe period. A break from the interest in reggae music, with its scratch-work guitar pat­ traditional 12 bar sequence was also an inevitable con­ terns and di^ulsed simplicity. /5tor the Sheriff ii a cos­ sequence of the hinovations. Timing which had princi­ metized version of the Waiters song and leans away from pally been 4/4 was found to be too restricting and all its reggae orighis whereas the other two tracks adopt an timings are cunentiy used, some greats such as Brubecks' "almost-rcggae" stance. 'Take 5'iri 5/4. The first real blues number does not appear until / Jazz contuiues to evolve and modern innovations Can't Hold Out, the first track on tiie second side and extend into avant-garde music, and although one's car features some marvellous bottleneck guitar. Other strong can often be assaulted in the process, it has its place. tracks include Steady RoUin Man and So jazz can only be defined in relative tenns, what was jazz yesterday may sound quite corny today and tracks hiclude Steady RoUin'Man and Mainline Florida. likewise today's jazz may seem trite in 50 years thne. Compared witii previous Qapton undertakings, tiiis There is however, those innate qualilites of rhythm is a low-key exercise, yet in tiic restraint tiiere is definhe melody and harmony combined with tiie improvisa­ . strength. Eric is back but he doesn't need to shout about tory skUl of tiie musicians tiiat weld their music into it. He has a good band and an amiable album. D tiiat coherent force called jazz. D Bill Holdsworth Mick Wilson

CHEECH & CHONG'S WEDDING ALBUM • ODE RECORDS - L35345

WHAT IS JAZZ Considerable effort has gone hito the cover of Uiis al­ "Jazz is art and delicacy and the tracing of an intri­ bum to create the feel of a wedding album, with four cate line of comedy and tragedy around a stark column pages of photographs and an embossed extemal . . of beauty and truth." survace with gold letterhig. Unfortunately, rather than en­ hancing tlie record, it leaves you w'lth the impression that The most common misconceptions about jazz are it was done to compensate for its poverty of ideas and its origins and its essential harmonic and rhythmic lack of wit. elements. The album is a rambling wasteland of overextended, The myth of African origin, and contmued spawn- overworked and unfunny material. U never rises from the ing in New Orleans are perhaps the most deeply rooted mire of odious boredom. Whatever wit they were able to misconceptions. Altiiough a certain melodic and har­ muster on the first album has long shice atrophied so that monic mtuition existed within some early African tribes, this, their fourth album is their worst. The first album these elements are more akin to standard, European contahied some classic moments whereas this is just crass classical music than to jazz. Mid-Europcan-Gypsy fidd­ and puerUe. The fact that both the albums and the single ling produced more of an element of jazz than did any Earache my Eye (featuring Alice Bowie) soared into the African rhythm. American top ten is tiie most convincing evidence tiiat Although many jazz greats, such as Louis Armstrong drugs cause brain damage. originated in New Orieans, there were just as many in­ In case you think I'm over reactuig, here are some ex­ A MONTH OF RELEVANT THEATRE fluences from the rest of America. amples of other criticisms. "This record could come to There is no single race or place where jazz had its beg­ an end and I wouldn't care. This is as funny as bemg run mning. over by a bus. Some people find C & C quite amusing. I'd It seems as if February and March 1975 will go down in Defining what constitutes jazz is difficult. There are like to poke tiieir eyes out" (Melody Maker on the sin­ Brisbane Theatre history (if that dismal document should recognizable elements of rhytlun, melody and harmony gle). "I hate this record. I hate it so much I've just given ever appear) as a thne when the Play had something to say in most jazz. However, much of what constitutes jazz myself a headache thinking about just how much I hate The Q.T.C. presented a version of Shaffer's Equus that relates to individuality in interpretation on the part of it.... It just goes to demonstrate that Cheech & Chong for me partiaUy failed hi that the thhi lines between hi- the musician. should leave the art of rendering something of slight art­ sanity and normality and sanity and abnormality are nev­ Duke EUington, perhaps the greatest jazz composer, istic merit hi a recording studio to other foUc." (New er properly delineated. Brisbane Arts Tiieatre is present­ arranger and band leader composed "It don't mean a Musical Express on the single). "C & C are more boring mg Sheilagh DIaney's A Taste of Honey, a tale of extra thing if it aui't got that Swhig", and U is m this rhy-- than real downer freaks which is almost unimagmable racial affairs which, in tiiis production never seemed to tiimic element of jazz that most confusion arises. Exac­ despite being nicely ironic" (New Musical Express on the fulfil its potential import. tiy the same of piece of written music can be played by Album). Repertory Theatre is presenthig at La Boite a fairly old piece Tlie Sport of My Mad Motiierby Anne Jellicoe a variety of musicians, and some wiU produce jazz, others Enough is enough! If you want some hard rock, com­ - writer of The Knack. Sport is widely different from WiU not. For example, Bach by the London PhiUiarmonic edy, have a Usten to tiie Aunty Jack record. D is not jazz, but by the M.J.Q. it rips along. The Knack ui just about every way possible. It is a wild­ ly theatrical piece, fast movuig and impactful. Its theme A good way of skating around the answer to what of mindless movement in a lost society wilh violence rhythmic elements are the fundamental basis for jazz is 461 OCEAN BOULEVARD empthig to relieve tensions at random intervals is brouglit rubato firstly, that there is a subato element in the del- ERIC CLAPTON out not by polemics but by inference which ultimately iveiy of each note, but there is a superb timuig hivolved R.S.O. LABEL 2394 138 brings an emotional ratiier than an inteUectual response. m the delivery. Tliere is an underiying "swing". Synco­ Tlie cast is weU chosen; only one character is not quite pation figures predominantiy in jazz and is innately re­ up to par - tiiat of Dean, the AU-American, but 1 feel lated to the "swing". George Terry and Albhy Galulen were driving to a that this fault is more one of direction than of castuig The harmonic and melodic elements of jazz are per­ studio session m Miami, Florida when tiiey saw Eric - he could possibly have been characterised in the role haps a litttle easier to define, however, they are only Qapton standing on a street comer. After a whUe of talk­ of the patemaUstic Uncle Sam unperiaUst, out of touch an extension of weU founded classical pruiciples. This ing and playing, the three decided to phone around to get with a worid hi which he is rapidly beconung more ir­ is not to say that classical music did not use these ele- • some musicians together hi a studio. The result was six re­ relevant - see this one! ments; it did, but to a somehwat lesser extent. As men­ corded hours of good music, Clapton was so happy with tioned earUer, Bach is equaUy at home in the Concert the outcome that he started touring with tiie band and But luckily you have missed the foUowhig program Hall or in the jazz scene. released this album from the tapes. -- a double bUl of one actor The Maids and Deathmatcb which ran for only one week. Posturmg used to repre­ Some of the melodic-harmonic elements had their This is Eric Clapton's first studio album for something sent passion and volume used to represent vehemence beginnings in early blues. This development concerned Uke three years, tiie last beuig the magnificent double do not a drama make. No further comment. the use of tiie flattened 3rd and 7th of major scales. Layla. Those who were expectbig the triumphant return With the use of these notes, extended harmony in the of a superhero wUl be disappouited by this record. But if, Conung up - Q.T.C. is presenting Ihe Tamiiig of the use of 4 note chords such as Major 7tiis, Augmented Uke me, you seem to Uke Slowhand no matter what hi- Shrew wtth Diane CUento hi the title role. A good choice 7ths, Diminished 7ths, became more common. These camation he adopts, this album is to be welcomed- What for International Womens Year? As an appeasement to earUer extensions of harmony were stUl hi part under witii rumours of a bad heroui habit and his paranoid vol­ this, the 1939 New York high societal review of freedom the classical mfluences in so far as discordant harmon­ untary Isolation, we thought we'd heard tiie last of his for "Ladies" is to be given an airing by Rep hi Clahe ies were not included in early jazz. At this time how­ work. . Booth's The Women starting ui mid-March. Sure to be a ever, the otiier principal element of jazz, improvisation, The album certahily is not a classic as were John May- success with the party-booking crowd. As an answer to was well established. all's Bluesbreakies with Eric Oapton, Disraeli Gears and this Arts is presenting Dear CharUe an EngUsh farce - furtiier detaUs not to hand. This is to be foUowed by Soon afterwards, other extensions such as 6ths, 7ths Layla. In fact, it breaks no new ground at all. Clapton's theh annual production of a "play for the school audi­ and 9tiis were added to major chords and 1 Iths, 13ths deshe to shun the guitar-hero image has meant a drift ence' ', this year Pinter's The Caretaker. D to the 7ths (Dun 7ths). These extensions overcame away from uinovative material to the extent that these songs sound deceptively lazy. Yet any criticism of the some of tiie confininginfluences of the simpler harmon­ Dick Freeland ic extensions. lack of guitar wizardry is negated by tiie fact that this Jazz continued for some time with tiie above men­ is what he lias deUberately set out to do. tioned developments and settled into a consolidation per­ The spontaneous origins of tliis album are hidden by CAMPUS PHARMACY iod. the tightness of the band and Clapton's restrained sparse Shopping Centre However, jazz is invention and inventiveness soon understated guitar work. Yet tiie feel is relaxed and lop­ Univenity of Queensland slialtered the calm, with extensions inlo tiie use of flat­ ing. In keeping witii the mood, Clapton has resorted to ST LUCIA tened fifUis and flattened 9ths, and furtiier extension confortable interpretations of other people's songs rat­ Tctepjione- - - 701509 to 6 and 7 note chords such as 13tiis. Compoundhar- her than dominate with his own. Only three songs, (Internal 6882) monies such as conbinalions of flattened Sth, 9,13th Give me Strength, Let it Grow and Get Ready were PROMPT PRESCRIPTION SERVICE also appeared. written by him while one track Mainline Florida was AGENT FOR PERFUMES COSMETICS The use of these harmonic extensions as strong beat written by guitarist George Terry. i'aberge Revion harmonies was also an important breaking of tradition Clapton's new found self-confidence has meant that Dana Cydac as earUer classical and early jazz arrangements would use his vocals sound delightfully off-hand and doodling. Lanvin Steiner these "discordant" harmonies only in passing note or Supporthig vocals are suppUed by Yvonne EUiman who Lancome Max I'actor only reaUy comes to tiie fore on I Shot the Sheriff imd , PHOTO FINISHING weak beat situations. 24 Hour BUck and White Improvisation from dominantly vertical (harmonic) Get Ready (co-written by her). These two tracks together Prompt Colour Service. thinWng io horizontal (melodic) thought also accompan­ witii Willie and the Hand Jive reveal Clapton's growing ELECTIONS For all the positions above ment­ REFEC. ECOLOGY ioned, candidates who have a bona* fide intention of changing their status Nominations are caUed for the follow­ or faculty during the term ofthe 64th ing voting positions on tiie 64th CouncU CouncU may nomuiate for election to of the Univeisity of Queensland Union. a posUion on CouncU or on a comm­ ittee appropriate to theh mtended change EXECUTIVE of enrolment. Written notice of such mtention must be submitted vdth the Local A.U.S, Secretary candidate's nomination. Union Secretary . Faculty Representatives. Nominations for both Council and Gtimmittee positions wiU open at 4 Medical Faculty 9.00 am on Thursday, 13th March, 1975. 1 Arts Faculty (FuU-Time) Nominations wUl close at 5.00 pm 2 Arts Faculty (Part-Time) on Thursday 27th March, 1975, at 2 Commerce-Economks Faculty (Part- Union Office. Time) Nomination fonns are avaUable at 2 Education Faculty fFuU-Tune) Union office and from Area Vice- 1 Education Faculty (Part-Time) Presidents. Part-tune students vriU be (The Education Faculty includes the sent nomuiation forms upon written Physical Education and Social Work Depts.) request. It is essential that candidates clearly state the position for which Any active member of the Union who they are nominating. is enroUed m the appropriate Faculty and, where appUcable, has tbe appropriate Votuig for aU positions wiU take status (i.e. FuU-Time - Part-Time) may place at the poUing booth hi the DONT BE A PIG! nominate for the position of Represent­ refectory during the week of April Throwing your scraps away is a ative of Students of the same Faculty and 14-18,1975, except that tiie follow­ smaU gesture but it contributes hi Status as him/herself. ing members of the Union wUl receive postal baUots: large measure to pleasant, hygenic (a) A student who spends more than surroundings during the lunch rush. Other Voting Positions half of his/her thnetable m the Hos­ pitals Area (which includes aU areas 3 Post-graduate Students Represent­ outside the St Luda area used by the atives. Faculty of Medichie). Any active member of the Union who (b) A student who spends more than is enroUed for a Doctorate or a Master's half of his/her timetable in the Turbot CONSTITUTION , CHANGES Degree or for a Master's quaUfying exam­ St area. ination may nomuiate for the position of (c) Extemal students. Post-Graduate Students Representative. (d) Life members of the Union (e) Such other members of the Union Chairman of Union House Committee. who shaU request a postal baUot. Any active member of the Union, Persons requesthig a postal vote must The Union runs according to rules and regulations. We have a widely extensive except a part-time extemal student, may do so in writing by 5.00 pm, Thursday constitution with attached regulations which teUs us, your office-bearers and repres­ nominate for the position of Chairman AprU 3,1975. entatives, the manner in which we should conduct Union business on your behalf. of Union House Committee. Our Constitution can be changed and updated to keep up with changes ui student Chahrperson of Women's Rights Com­ Completed postal baUots must be needs and also, to more effectively service these needs. mitt ee. returned bearing postmark no later There are two ways that the Constitution can be changed: than 5.00 pm, Friday 18th April, 1975, (a) by referendum or Any female member of the Union to be counted as vaUd. (b) by special resolution passage at CouncU at two consecutive meethigs. may nominate for the position of Chan- The following constitution changes wUl be presented for their second reading at person of Women's Rights Committee. REFERENDA Uie 4th Ordinary Meeting of CouncU on Thursday, 3rd AprU, 1975, at 6.30 pm m NO PERSON MAY NOMINATE FOR tiie J.D'. STORY ROOM. MORE THAN ONE VOTING POSITION THAT A NEW SECTION 13.7 OF THE CONSTITUTION BE ENACTED TO READ AS ON COUNCIL AT THIS ELECTION. The following questions wUl be put to 13.7.fl) On presentation of a peUtlon to the President signed by at least ten tlO) percent of students at the elections on AprU 14-18, members of the Union enUtled to vote in an election for a poslUon of Union Council, Nomuiations are also caUed for the 1975. Arguments for and against by such petition calling for the removal from office of the person holding that position, a Referendum shall be held to determine whether that member of Council shall be so followhig elected committee positions the protagonists wUI be presented in removed from office. of the 64th Council of the University the next issue of Semper Floreat. 12) Only persons eligible to vote In an election for the position If lield at the time of the Referendum shall be eligible to vote In the Referendum. ti Queensland Union. (3) The Referendum shall otherwise be conducted In accordance with the olher provisions (1) That the Union remain impartial of the Constitution and the provisions of the Regulations relating to Referenda and the member ot Council shall be removed from office if more than fifty percent of the Union House Committee in any abortion campaign. votes cast aro In favour of removal from office, provided however, that If the total 2 members of the committee (part- (2) That the Union not allocate any number of votes so cast in favour does not exceed fifteen percent of the numbor of 2 members (fuU-t ime) time) monies towards any abortion eligible voters, the member of Council shall retain his position. 4 members (general) campaign by any Committee of THAT SECTION 56. OF THE CONSTITUTION BE AMENDED BY THE ADDITION OF A NEW PARAGRAPH (c) TO READ AS FOLLOWS: ,, , .. the Union or Body not affiliated 56. tc) Removal of members of Council from office under the provisions of Section 13.7 above. Finance Advisory Committee with the Union. That AS FROM 1ST JANUARY. 1975. SECTION 45.3.(b) BE AMENDED BY THE SUBSTIT­ 2 members of the committee (part- (3) That this Union caUs for the UTION OF THE WORD "fifty" FOR THE WORD "twenty-Uve" AND THAT THE WORD 2 members (full-time) time) abolition of all references to "General" BE INSERTED AFTER THE WORD "Area" AND BEFORE THE WORD "Reserve". abortion from the Crimuial Code 2 members (general) THAT SECTION 16. OF THE CONSTITUTION BE RENUMBERED 16.1 .AND THAT THE due to the divergence of views on FOLLOWING NEW SUB-SECTIONS BE ENACTED AS FOLLOWS: Union Theatre Committee the subject in the community. 16.2. A Presiding Officer of Elections shall be responsible for advising Council on disputes 1 Chairman of Union Theatre Com­ arising from alleged breaches of the Constitution and Regulations relating to (4) That this Union re-affirmsth e elections and referenda. mittee (general) right of all members of the Union 1 member of the Committee (part- 16.3 The Presiding Oftlcer o( Elections shall be a Judge or a Queen's Counsel. The to engage in free discussion on aU appointment of this officer shall be by way of Special Resolution of Council and 1 • member (full-time) time) subjects including abortion. the recommendation of the Executive. 4 members (general) 16.4 Tha Presiding Officer of Elections shall hold office from the time of appointment until that officer's death, resignation or removal from office. The Presiding Officer Any member of the Union enroll­ The following non-voting positions of Elections may only be removed from office by a Special Resolution of Council ed as a part-time internal student may shall be appointed by CouncU. on the recommendation of the Executive. , nominate for a committee position THAT SECTION 17.4 OF THE CONSTITUTION B£ REPEALED AND A NEW SECTION 17.4 designated "part-time". BE ENACTED AS FOLLOWS: Advertising Manager Galmahra 17.4 (a) No person receiving an allowance from the Union for a posUlon elected shall nom­ Any member of the Union enroU­ Ad Hoc Parking Committee inate for a further position which. If that candidate were elected would entitle that ed as a full-time intemal student may person to receive a further allowance - 1 chairman |b) No person shall nominate for more than one voting position at any election nominate for a committee position - 2 members designated "fuU-time". Ad Hoc Committee to investigate stud­ THE FOLLOWiriG CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGE.WILL BE PRESENTED FOR ITS FIRST Any member of the Union may ent fees READING AT THIS IWEETINGi nominate for a committee position - I chairman That a new Sub-Section of tha Constitution be enacted as follows: designated "general". - 2 members 13(l)fm) The Editor of "Semper Floreat" THE FOLLOWING MCrriO^IS^^^^ WILL BE CONSIDERED AT THE 4TH ORDINARY MEETING OFTHE64TH COUNCILt 64/183 That the Borneo Students' Club be disaffiliated under the terms of Regulation l3-4.2(a) 64/196 That the Italian Society and Social convenors Club be disaffiliated. Legal Standing Committee has been directed to remove all Notice is hereby given that the Fourth Orduiary Meethig of the University sexist tenns from the Union Constitution of Queensland Union's 64th C^ouncU wUl be held on Thursday 3rd April, at 6.30 p.m. m the J. D. STORY ROOM m Uie Union BuUdmg. Marl Anna Shaw Union Secretary. •C»MlPP£RSON/ftor ii0T OSW/MnTEF/MArt ... Mt? A\,WK(^ USp^ THP .

STOP PRESS'- MARI ANNA SHAW RESIGNS AS UNION SECRET­ ARY. (JULIANNE SCHWENKE HAS BEEN APPOINTED ACTING SECRETARY) ALAN GRIEVE RESIGNS AS AUS SECRETARY (MARI ANNA SHAW HAS BEEN APPOINTED ACTING AUS SEC­ ^^m RETARY: 3>,

Ihou^ it may require a "personalized" res­ Dear Editor, ponse because ofits damagli^ effects, this A.U.S. RESIGNATION cannot be divorced from the necessity to tran­ As a Social Work student, I found Mal The Secretary, letters sform the conditions of women's existence - McCouat't open tetter reply to Harry Uni of Qld Union, that is, a political, or in the author's terms, a Throssell's artide "Reflections" most dis­ (continued from page 2} "collective" lesponsp. appointing. I woukl Uke to submit my resignatfon Mal McCouat says that this view Is danger­ In what seemed to be a warning to AS Local AUS International Affairs Oftlcer ous and on this point we would agree. The students, especially those poor impression­ at U.Q.U. My decision to resign has come demystiflcation of the oppression and econo­ able first years, Mal accuses Harry of "in­ after much thought and reflection, not mic exploitation being carried out in capital­ terpreting things, not presenting facts". Of only upon the events at Annual Coundl, POSITIVELY THE LAST WORD ist society is a danger, for it may lead to the couise Harry's article was hiterpieting but also .ibout the ideals and beliefs I had ON SOCIAL WORK oppressed and exploited combining to chaiige things, just as Mai's reply was interpreting hoped to work for within AUS. their condition. Harry's interpretations. Does Mal really Annual Council fo mc, bought to the Mal McCouat continues and talks about believe he was presenting facts and not surface many malaises that stiUce at the "the paradox that ail cultures try to use interpretations? effective functioning of an Australian Un­ Dear Editor, means that are natural, not alien to that cul- Moreover, I feel Mal bas misrepresent­ ion of students. As a person who beUeves - ture" and "tlie inconsistencies which these ed Hany. I for one did not take Harry to very strongly in the expressed political and It has flnaliy arrived - the long awaited measures will suffer". We will not be answer­ be mitigating the importance of making socio-cultural objectives of AtJS, I was pl­ defense of tho sodal work profession by ing this directly since y,-e are unable to fat­ personal, individual responses to more per­ aced in a dilemm; that is by no means one of its adherents (Mal McCouat, "Open hom the author's intent. We would welcome sonal problems, nor the importance of unkiue. One is faced with the alternative Letter-Social Work", Semper Floreat, vol. elaboration and ctarlTication on this point. group work, family work, community work of workuig withhi the existuig suucture 45 no. 2). It was totaUy unexpected, since etc Rather, 1 understood Harry to be argu­ of AUS in an attempt to rectify some of However, he does offer an example by the glaring anomolies that emerged at An­ in all previous situations where the profes­ sayuig the "conflict strategies, necessary as ing that a preoccupation with these con­ sion or this particular departmeht was criti­ cerns, with microcosms, diverts attention nual Council, or of abandoning AUS and they are in many sodo-poutlcal areas and in working outskle its structure. My decision cized, the arguments were ignored. Perhaps s situation of competition, are flatiy incon­ away from social-poiitical processes which produce oppression on a frightening scale. was by no means an easy one. My leaving and we can only speculate, it was felt that sistent with an ideal of inaeasing co-opeiat- AUS is by no means a statement of morbid if ignored, any controversy would die down iveness". This is an extraordinary statement. 1 am in my third year of Social Work train­ ing now, and have heard virtually nothing pessimism. I do however, fmd it difTicult and a "norm^" situation would reassert it­ In cafiitallst sodety, which is fraught with to justify many of the dedsions made by self. In some cases it certainly did. conflict and competition, whose very basis of Social Work - as a collective body - doing anything to counter such processes. Annual Coundl. These dedsions do not Why was this time so different? Who tests on an antagonism of dasses, this is sur­ relate only to the dismissal of the GVP'; knows? Maylie this was just one too many, ely an unrealistic and even naive assertion. One very specific area of great interest althoi^h my personal involvement in that (jertainly if you can judge by the emotion­ ConfUct exists. The choice is not ours. The to me -gay (homosexual) welfare - serves issue made the disiUusionment much more ality of this response, veiled as it was (see exploited will not overcome their exploita­ as a good iUusUation. Firstly, 1 know of no sour. I was deeply disappohited at Coun- last two paragraphs), then you can apprec- tion by coH>perating with their exploiters. sodal worker operating in this fieki in dl's decision not to fuiid Aquarius, part­ iate how difficult it must luve been to Iceep Sunilarly, the oppressed have nothing to gam Queensland. This surely says something in icularly when the Aquaiius plenary had it in dieck all these years. However, if you but a lot to lose by co-operating with their itself. voted overwhehningly to retahi this de­ leave aside this aspect, and also the some­ oppressors. It is only by "collective" strug­ Nor do I know of any collective Social partment. I was disappointed at the cas­ what obscure and overly technical use of gle, by "conflict", that a situation can be Work activity in this field - influencing ual, almost blase attitude of Coundl' dur­ language, a sustained argument, indeed a poli­ reached that will enable "co-operativenes$" government opinion on relevant legislation, ing the fmal admhiistrative and finance tical position, was being presented. This is to prevail. The choice is as stark as that, yet speaking out against disaimination in em­ session; a session that allDcates all of AJUS what we propose to answer here. Our respon­ he ts asking us not to Uike sides. ployment, assisting gay rights groups, or resources for the coming year. se will oiily be sketchy since the issues raised In pssing, Mal McCouat attempts to deni- even adopting an attitude or policy on any are of great significance and worthy of a more ^ate radical" ideas by saying that they flou­ aspect of gay oppression. Surely this sort In the final analysis my dedsion to re- developed reply than space allows us. rish in an "atmosphere... of uncertainty". He of action is not iinpractical! SKn is a statement that the problems that llie basis of this position rests on the split then impUes that people holdmg such ideas ate No doubt a few, individual social work­ afflict AUS are not superficial; are not of raised between "personal problems" and unable to put them into practice. We hope in ers do assist a few, individual gays. And the type that can easily be resolved inter­ "life issues" (?). On this basis follows the the coming weeks to present our position and some of this assistance may be of very great nally. I hope that aU of us who are inter­ distinction between the responses to these our practical orientation, more clearly. benefit to those involved. My point is ested in and hopeful for the future of AUS problems - "particularized and "collective" Our oppoution to the social work profe^ that an individual gay's problem coping with' can begin to come to grips with what I respectively. In the voice of moderation and sion does not lie in accusing it, or even the a hostile sodety can only be fully under­ conskler are serious questions fadng us as balance, the author calls for us to "retain welfare system as a whole, of single4iandcdly stood in the social-political context. To take Australian students. I feel, that at this po­ both kinds of commitment". damming the forces of "large scale social h out of that context is, I believe, a political int of time, I can contribute best to this We assert that this is a false distinction, act - mystification at its worst And by CTitk]ue form outside the official hierachy change" - though indeed they do play a part. rather than from within. and our quarrel with his whole position lies However, we do accuse them of upholding not actively fakii^ a stand, Sodal Work in this area. W& argue that there is no banc the facade tbat fundamentally all is right in supports the (anti-homosexual) status quo. It against this background and in hope disthiction between these types of problems. our society bar a few "problems". We do You can be counted just as easily sitting rather than di^ust that I submit my res­ This does not mean that we are "forcing one accuse them of screening the extent and nat­ down as you can standing up. ignation. Into the other". To make it dearer we will ure of root inequality and oppression. We do LasUy, Iwould Uke to point out that Youis inj>eace, illustrate by taking the example of the oppres­ accuse sodal work of holding out false pro­ to have the above type of concern written Peter N.Vaighesc. sion of women, with its many related efiects, mises that things can get better without any­ off as "over-anxiousness" or "unrealistic in capitalist society. This is particularly apt, thing being changed at all. expectations" or some other form of per­ since most of the people social workers see sonal fault, is most upsetting. Some mem­ LOLLYPOPS are, in fact, women. Very briefly, the effects Inside Welfare bers of the Social Work Department have Dear Editor, of women's oi)pression must be traced back A newly-formed poup (rf done just this. - One ofthe many meth­ to the oppressive sodal relations between men social work students. ods used to discourage discussion of dis- What in the heU did they put in those and women and to the sexual division of lab­ 'Centing ideas. loUypops?? our resulting in women's isolation in the do­ P.S. We would welcome a reply from M. I gave on to my 6 year old daughter mestic sphere. This is no personal problem McCouat, or another meroljer of the social Colin Briton and she was high for the rest of the night!! for individual women, but rather a social one. work profession. Kathryn Gow thG SaOB of 1 confrontation ZEtMOK

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w^ literary lift-out INFO. The Union has' officially replaced its Commem. Activities by a Union Fcstival.This year it will extend for a full week after the mid-semester vacation with a festival holiday on Friday 23rd The 12th edition of Semper Floreat will include a 12 page literary liftout. May .Activities will be contributing to the cultural side of the festival and may be bringing the Yellow Brick Road Show up from Melbourne for the This will feature the work of University of Queensland students. All poets week specifically. and aspiring poets are invited to submit their work. Short story writers are The festival organiser,Lindy Cesar,is seeking also invited but space demands a maximum limit of 1500 words. co-operation and suggestions from all members on Campus and may be contacted at the Activities Office. This years theme is "This is Living". All enquiries, or forward material to, Laurence Gormley c/-.Semper Pull your finger out. Floreat. Heather Ross Cultural Activities Director.

This year the Festival and Expo Uni are combined. Any one requiring information regarding Expo Uni please contact Julianne Schwenke CLASSIFIED ADS. c/. Union Office. DEALINGS Those interested in forming a combine or club for the purchase of lower than ACCOMMODATION wholesale prices of ammunltlonjrUlo Room ottered to female (preferably pistol and especially shotgun) please gay) at Camp Hlll.Phone 984404-$15 leave full particulars on form or notice board. board at the back of lecture theatre 26 In the Steele building.The sooner TOQETIiERWrmTHECWRTYflRD REJTflMRflNT the better.Mlchael 0'Breln(Social PRDENTJ™... CONCERTS Work). Free concert presented by Activities In the Forum area on Wednesday, DOINGS 26th March from i.00pm-2.oopm. GAY LIBERATION Concert by tho University of Q'land Radical gays and potentially so are Slnfonl«tta,conducted by Wilfred invited to the Inaugural get together Lehmann In Mayne Hall.S.DOpm of the Gay Liberation Front .Take Wednesday 2eth March .Stu dents $1.50 Queensland out of the Victorian era With every student ticket bought-one Come,discuss-decide on courses of complimentary ticket free.Book at De actlon.coffee and biscuits at J.D. Deputy Registrar's Offlce,41h floor. Story Room.Students Union Build­ Admin. Buflding. ing. Tuesday 1st April, B.OOpm. ASTROLOGY CLASSES Outdoors concert by Railroad Gin Commencing-Saturday 15th March at at Wavell Heights on Sunday 23rd 2.00 pm.Contact Alan the Astrologer March at l.OOpm.Admission $1.00, 39 Maryvale Street.Toowong.Try to Tickets available from Activities find out your exact time of birth in Office. the meantime.NB.Posslble sessions on Thursdays for those unable to attend A.B.C. Youth Series.Thls year the on Saturdays. ol^K A.B.C. ventures Into a nevo musical dimension with an enlightened, wmmm THE NEW YOGA MEDITATION/ Dii^, SHffiB exciting concept in concerts for young (tcople.First Queensland performance RELAX ATI ON GROUP. of a pop group with a Symphony Has now found a home.We will be In tt^^ Orchesira.Two concerts with audience the Small Gymnaslum.Conneli particlpatlon,$lx A.B.C. youth concerts Bullding.on Fridays 1.00pm.Please inall.ai very low prices.Subscriptlons bring a blanket on which to Ite.There r available al Union Shop.Further Info, Is no charge for the course.Everyone V\ contact Activities Olfice. welcome.For further Information k 'H contact Sports Union Oflice. There arc still vacancies m ihe Activities DRAMA Workshops in PottBry(Wed.

ENTERTINGLEMENT FENCE PAINTING • In the Union Forum Area 12.00.2 00 IWLER pm.Wednesday 26th March. Kids GAY UNION DANCE especially welcome. With Railroad Gin and Mothers Lights. $l.S0.8.pOpm, Thursday 27th March. COLLEGE STUDENTS Interested In furthering intC;r-college ^ ROXYS relations in the view of expanding the Folk.blues,]ams,and fun.Every Friday I.C.C. as a social body and protecting College students Interests wutiin the niglil In tt\a Union coffee Shop-50c. University Union. See Eugene White or Doug. Alexander.St. John's College MEETINGS Queensland University. " %»^ A rock 'Climbing club Is being forriiad PEOPLE'S MARKET Meetings every 2nd Tuesday from I8th Run by Activities every Wednesday. March in the Union Bullding.AII welcome Como and sell Junk.oid clothes.records, Further info, contact Fred Frcim.Unlon jevrellery.candles etc.Rent and College. corriinlsslon fred.Contact Heather Ross JT.LUC;ifl. FRIbflY nflRCH2l-flFRIL5 Activities Offlce.711 611. COMMENCING AT S.OOPM SEATS $3.00 STUDENTS $1.50 BOOKINGS AT:- SCHONELL THEATRE VILUGE CASKET AND 711879 NEWS AT LUTWYCHE FESTIVAL HALL SHOPPING VILLAGE 29 4442 57 6549 THE ENVIRONMENTALIST hy f?,chard 6/undef/ ft6ENTLf^ BREEZE...