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Calle Félix Pizcueta 22 IRAN Calle Félix Pizcu eta 22/ 46004 Valencia www.planesgaleriadeviajes.com - [email protected] DATOS BÁSICOS Situación geográfica IRÁN Asia Extensión 1.648.000 km² Población 78.869.000 h. Capital Teherán (8.430.000 h.) Otras Ciudades Mashhad, Ispahán, Karaj, Tabriz, Shiraz, Qom Idiomas Persa Mo neda Rial Iraní Religión Musulmana Gobierno República Islámica Teocrática Se trata de un país dominado por la meseta irania, rodeada por diversas cadenas montañosas, como los montes Zagros (en el suroeste) y los Elburz (en el Norte), encontrándose en esta última el Damavand a 561 0 m , punto más alto del país. Las principales llanuras son las que están a lo largo de la costa del mar Caspio ( depresión aralo - cáspica ) y la depresión mesopotámica en el golfo Pérsico junto a la frontera con Irak en Arvandrud ( Chat - el - Arab ). Iran pertenece al continente de Asia. Horario: GMT+3,5 Clima Tiene clima continental desértico o seco. Todo Irán es árido o semiárido, exc epto en la costa del mar Caspio donde domina un clima subtropical . Los principales ríos de Irán son el Sefid - Rud , el Karun y el Hilmand . Las principales ciudades son Teherán (la capital), Tabriz , Mashhad , Esfahán , Shiraz , Abadán , Ahwaz y Kermanshah . Calle Félix Pizcu eta 22/ 46004 Valencia www.planesgaleriadeviajes.com - [email protected] Indumentaria Las obligaciones en cuanto a vestimenta femenina pasa porque las mujeres lleven cubierto el pelo durante su estancia en Irán. Basta un pañuelo y no, como se dice muchas veces, el chador. Éste sólo se utiliza en lugares muy sagrados como Mashhad , Qom y en alguno de los mausole os más importantes. No hace falta comprárselo porque para los escasos casos en que lo necesitaran, prestan esta vestimenta a las entradas de los distintos sitios (que como digo, son mínimos). Igualmente las minifaldas o pantalones cortos dejárselos en casa . Los hombres deben guardar cierto recato en su vestir, pero se refiere a no llevar pantalones por encima de la rodilla o camisetas de tirantes (no es que te suceda nada pero te mirará todo el mundo). Gastronomía - Entrantes y tentempiés: El yogur ( mast , en farsi) es un producto consumido habitualmente en los hogares iraníes. Es preparado de numerosas formas: con ajo, con hierbabuena, mezclado con frutas o con miel…, se sirve al principio de la comida, entre platos o de postre. En la gastronomía iraní enc ontraremos además una gran variedad de sopas entre las que elegir. Entre ellas destaca el ash , una sencilla pero deliciosa sopa que se prepara de diferentes maneras según la zona del país en la que nos encontremos. El queso ( panir ), muy similar al queso f eta y las verduras frescas ( sabzi ) constituyen un buen tentempié. - Platos principales: Los platos principales de la gastronomía persa tienen entre sus componentes base las verduras, las legumbres, la carne y el arroz. La especialidad más conocida para los occidentales es el kebab, elaborado con carne de cordero. El plato nacional por excelencia es el chelo de kebab. Entre sus ingredientes estan la carne de cordero y el arroz. El arroz se cocina y se seca al vapor, mientras que la carne, en tiras largas, se prepara en forma de brochetas al carbón. Este plato va acompañado de mantequilla, una yema de huevo y de sumac (bayas silvestres). Otros platos de carne son el Yuye Kabab , deliciosas brochetas de pollo a la barbacoa o el kebab morgh , con pollo asado. La especia más conocida en Irán es el somad , que suele ser un acompañante de la mayoría de los platos principales. Calle Félix Pizcu eta 22/ 46004 Valencia www.planesgaleriadeviajes.com - [email protected] El arroz de se sirve acompañado de pollo, pescado blanco, verduras o frutos secos además de salsas variadas ( joresth ). Un plato contundente e s el llam a do abgusht , también llamado dizi , una especie de cocido con garbanzos y carne de cordero que tiene como peculiaridad la forma de servirlo (en distintos cuencos) y su acompañamiento, diferente en cada región del país. Otros platos principales que encontraremos son el bagaligatogh, habas y huevos condimentados con ajo y especias y el mirza gasemi, con berenjenas, huevo y tomate, no apto para estómagos delicados por tener mucho ajo. Religión En la Antigüedad había religiones politeístas en Irán, e n el siglo viii a. C. se inicia el zoroastrianismo o mazdeísmo, que es hecho religión oficial en el siglo vi. En 636 d. C. la zona es conquistada por los árabes y la religión oficial pasa a ser el islam . La dinastía Safaví iniciada en 1501, unifica al país e instaura como religión oficial del país el islam chií duodecimano , que sigue siéndolo en el siglo xxi. Musulmanes chiíes (89%), musulmanes sunníes (10%); Zoroastrianos, Judíos, Cristianos, y Bahái (1%). Documentación Pasaporte con una vigencia mínima de 6 meses desde la fecha de inicio del viaje. No debe llevar sello de entrada en Israel o punto fronterizo de entrada por tierra desde un país limítrofe. - Entregar el pasaporte original, dos fotografías (para las mujeres hace 4 años que dejaron de pedir la foto con pañu elo) y un ejemplar del impreso de visado debidamente cumplimentado (en su momento lo descargué por la web de la embajada. Ahora que ya no existe supongo que tendrán que enviarlo por email o correo). - Los trámites para el visado iraní son lentos . Margen mín imo: un mes antes del viaje. No dejarlo para el último momento. Visado S está aceptando la obtención de visados en los aeropuertos principales de Irán para una validez de 30 días. Sólo es necesario llevar billete de regreso, foto tamaño carnet, alguna re serva de hotel y un seguro de viajes con cobertura internacional. Idioma La lengua oficial es el persa , también conocido como farsi, parsi, o dari ( 58%), una lengua de la familia indoeuropea. Dialectos del Turqués (26%), Kurdo (9%), Luri (2%), Balochés (1%), Árabe (1%), Turco (1%), y otras . Calle Félix Pizcu eta 22/ 46004 Valencia www.planesgaleriadeviajes.com - [email protected] Moneda y cambio La moneda oficial es el rial pero los iraníes siempre hablan de tomanes, que supone dividir e ntre 10. Si un euro son 40.000 riales, ellos dirán que son 4.000 tomanes (que no existen como moneda). Es decir, dividen entre diez el valor de los riales. En España es como decir que 100 pesetas eran 20 duros. Conviene asegurarse, por tanto, de que nos es tán dando los precios en riales o tomanes. Si la cantidad es demasiado baja, probablemente hablen de tomanes. Si nos parece demasiado cara, quizás estén refiriéndose a los riales. Horarios de oficinas y días laborales Bancos y otros establecimientos como correos abren desde las 8 de la mañana hasta las 8.30 de la tarde. Los museos, en cambio, empiezan su actividad una hora más tarde, así como la mayorí a de centros comerciales. Mientras que los museos suelen cerrar a las 18.00, los comercios de ropa, alimentación, etc. acostumbran a estar abiertos hasta las 20.00, sin haber cerrado a mediodía. Los viernes, al ser día de fiesta para los musulmanes, suelen permanecer cerrados gran parte de los establecimientos. El viernes es el día sagrado para los musulmanes y en Irán esto se lleva bastante a rajatabla. Ese día es perfecto para visitar monumentos o hacer excursiones a ruinas (que no cierran) o pueblos pequ eños porque la ciudad, con el alma de los bazares y zocos, se apaga hasta que se oculte el Sol. Teléfonos de utilidad EMBAJADA EN TEHERAN Cancillería: Africa Expressway, Kutché Sarv, n.º 76 - 19689 Teherán. P.O. Box: 15875 - 4931. Teléfonos: 8871 45 75, 8871 45 76 y 8872 45 81 Fax: 878 7082 y 888 8087. E - mail: [email protected] Oficina Comercial: Africa Expressway, Golgasht Street, n.º 26. P.O.Box: 14155 - 3574. Calle Félix Pizcu eta 22/ 46004 Valencia www.planesgaleriadeviajes.com - [email protected] Teléfonos: 201 6118 y 201 5910. Fa x: 204 9023. Salud y agua potable Para viajar a Irán no existe ninguna vacuna obligatoria y recomendadas son las mismas que deberíamos tener puestas de siempre (Hepatitis A + B, Tétanos, etc…). Generalmente la gente no se vacuna para ir a Irán, ya que c uenta con un tipo de clima muy alejado del tropical y sus mosquitos tienen un poco menos de mala leche. El tema de vacunas siempre va con cada uno y lo mejor, nos digan lo que nos digan, es consultar bien a un médico o leer las recomendaciones que nos ofre zca el Ministerio de Sanidad de nuestro país. - Agua potable: a lgo muy importante, es que en Irán no es necesario comprar agua para beber. Hay una especie de heladeras en las calles, mezquitas, y algunos otros lugares donde se puede beber agua potable y frí a . Es muy simple llenar unas botellas y tener agua hasta encontrar la próxima heladera. Por lo tanto es un gasto menos y además no hay que prever llevar agua a los lugares, ya que encontrarán estas heladeras de agua potable y fría en todos lados. Además en la mayoría de los lugares, se puede tomar el agua de la canilla sin problema. Propinas No hay ningún problema en lleva euros pues esta moneda es aceptada plenamente. Dejar propina no es una costumbre demasiado extendida en el país. Se deja propina en lo s hoteles y restaurantes de gran categoría (taxi, botones de hotel…). En las facturas suele venir un 10 o 15% en concepto de servicio. Para evitar momentos de mal estar, es importante acordar previamente a cualquier actividad el precio total, junto las pro pinas, de está forma se evitarán cobros inesperados.
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