Nothing New in British Remarks About JCPOA
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Engineering and Structural Geology Evaluation of Khansar-Boien Miyandasht Tunnel
Engineering and Structural Geology Evaluation of Khansar-Boien Miyandasht Tunnel Ghazaleh Edrisi M.Sc. Structural Geology and Tectonics The University of Damghan, Semnan, Iran e-mail: [email protected] Rassoul Ajalloeian Associate Professor The University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Lack of geological and tectonical knowledge in a region causes hazard in project implementation. There are many examples related to this issue in Iran and the world. Main purpose of this research is to analyze the fractures because of their importance and effect on the implementation of engineering and civil engineering projects such as Khansar-Boien Miyandasht tunnel. For this purpose, the process and density of the fractures and their spatial-geometric position were investigated. Therefore, joints and faults in the Khansar syncline area and the site of Khansar–Boien Miyandasht tunnel were collected, then processed by interpreted in the software such as Stereo32 and Georient. According to the result, a group of joints can be related to pre-tectonics, another one can be related to syn-tectonics(folding and faulting) and some fractures are related to the post-tectonics. Geomechanically, syn-tectonic fractures are extensive in depth and these issues are very important, so it should be considered in implementing the project of Khansar tunnel. Results of the geological engineering study such as, uniaxial strength test, point loading, Schmidt hammer, and ultra-sonic Test were showed high-resistance massive orbitolina limestone , and alternation of shale , limestone , medium- resistance limestone and black slates include low resistance that lead to apply the supports with higher safety factor. -
Leader Urges Nation Not to Back Down from Revolutionary Ideals
According to Reports, Kazakhstan’s An Iranian Photojournalist Accused Kyzylorda Region Will Start President Donald Trump of Using a Exporting Rice to Iran This Year as Photo She Had Taken to Push His The Trade Ties Between Both “Agenda” Against Iran, Saying That Countries Is Strengthened She Felt “Cheated and Abused” VOL. XXIV, No. 6616 TEHRAN Price 10,000 Rials www.irannewsdaily.com THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 14, 2019 - BAHMAN 25, 1397 2 6 8 DOMESTIC 3 DOMESTIC INTERNATIONAL SPORTS “Yes” to Dialogue, Iran, Turkey Clinch Deal Russia Warns U.S. Nishikori Rallies to Against Meddling Overcome Tough “No” to Pressures To Boost Tourism Ties In Venezuela Rotterdam Opener > SEE PAGE 2 > SEE PAGE 3 > SEE PAGE 6 > SEE PAGE 8 FATF May Extend Leader Urges Nation Not to Back American Coup Aim at Deadline for Iran Controlling Venezuelan Oil IRAN NEWS NATIONAL DESK TEHRAN (MNA) – Iran’s Deputy Permanent Down From Revolutionary Ideals Representative to the United Nations, Eshagh TEHRAN - Vice-President for Legal Affairs Laya Al Habib, said that the aim of the American coup in Joneydi said Iran’s joining the Financial Action Task Venezuela is to dominate the country’s oil resources. Force is not off the table yet, adding that the FATF may He made the remarks Tuesday while addressing the extend its Feb. deadline for Iran to join the body. Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) member states’ “There is a possibility that the deadline would be meeting on Venezuela, in the Trusteeship Council. extended,” Iranian Vice-President for Legal Affairs Iranian envoy highlighted that U.S. hostile, illegal Laya Joneydi told reporters on the sidelines of a cabinet and provocative policies should be stopped. -
Curriculum Vitae (Dr Rafienia)
CURRICULUM VITAE, MOHAMMAD RAFIENIA CURRICULUM VITAE MOHAMMAD RAFIENIA CONTACT INFORMATION Professor Phone: +98 31 7923856 Mohammad Rafienia Email: [email protected] CURRENT STATUS Department of Biomaterials, Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND 2001 - 2007 PhD in Biomedical Engineering: Biomaterial (Drug Delivery Systems) Amirkabir University of Technology 1998 - 2001 MSc in Biomedical Engineering: Biomaterial Amirkabir University of Technology 1994 - 1998 BSc in Material Engineering: Metal Casting Isfahan University of Technology COURSES TAUGHT DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS , METAL BIOMATERIALS , BIOCOMPATIBILITY , BIOLOGICAL EZAMES , STATIC , TERMODYNAMIC AND HEAT TRANSFERING , DRAWING , PHYSIC FOR ANESTHETIZING , SEMINAR , …. PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCES • Head of biosensor reaserch center • Head of Department of Biomaterials, Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering • The best researcher in Isfahan • The best researcher in Isfahan university of medical sciences • Etc RESEARCH PROJECTS 1 CURRICULUM VITAE, MOHAMMAD RAFIENIA 2018-2019 Fabrication and characterization of bone tissue engineering scaffold based on novel gehlenite nanobioceramic by replication method and implemented a system for measuring its mechanical properties Members: Mohammad Rafienia, Saeed Kermani, Amir Hamed Aghajanian, Ashkan Bigham Authority : Isfahan University of Medical Sciences 2018-2019 Assessing treated sciatic nerve damage in rats with electrospun -
Mayors for Peace Member Cities 2021/10/01 平和首長会議 加盟都市リスト
Mayors for Peace Member Cities 2021/10/01 平和首長会議 加盟都市リスト ● Asia 4 Bangladesh 7 China アジア バングラデシュ 中国 1 Afghanistan 9 Khulna 6 Hangzhou アフガニスタン クルナ 杭州(ハンチォウ) 1 Herat 10 Kotwalipara 7 Wuhan ヘラート コタリパラ 武漢(ウハン) 2 Kabul 11 Meherpur 8 Cyprus カブール メヘルプール キプロス 3 Nili 12 Moulvibazar 1 Aglantzia ニリ モウロビバザール アグランツィア 2 Armenia 13 Narayanganj 2 Ammochostos (Famagusta) アルメニア ナラヤンガンジ アモコストス(ファマグスタ) 1 Yerevan 14 Narsingdi 3 Kyrenia エレバン ナールシンジ キレニア 3 Azerbaijan 15 Noapara 4 Kythrea アゼルバイジャン ノアパラ キシレア 1 Agdam 16 Patuakhali 5 Morphou アグダム(県) パトゥアカリ モルフー 2 Fuzuli 17 Rajshahi 9 Georgia フュズリ(県) ラージシャヒ ジョージア 3 Gubadli 18 Rangpur 1 Kutaisi クバドリ(県) ラングプール クタイシ 4 Jabrail Region 19 Swarupkati 2 Tbilisi ジャブライル(県) サルプカティ トビリシ 5 Kalbajar 20 Sylhet 10 India カルバジャル(県) シルヘット インド 6 Khocali 21 Tangail 1 Ahmedabad ホジャリ(県) タンガイル アーメダバード 7 Khojavend 22 Tongi 2 Bhopal ホジャヴェンド(県) トンギ ボパール 8 Lachin 5 Bhutan 3 Chandernagore ラチン(県) ブータン チャンダルナゴール 9 Shusha Region 1 Thimphu 4 Chandigarh シュシャ(県) ティンプー チャンディーガル 10 Zangilan Region 6 Cambodia 5 Chennai ザンギラン(県) カンボジア チェンナイ 4 Bangladesh 1 Ba Phnom 6 Cochin バングラデシュ バプノム コーチ(コーチン) 1 Bera 2 Phnom Penh 7 Delhi ベラ プノンペン デリー 2 Chapai Nawabganj 3 Siem Reap Province 8 Imphal チャパイ・ナワブガンジ シェムリアップ州 インパール 3 Chittagong 7 China 9 Kolkata チッタゴン 中国 コルカタ 4 Comilla 1 Beijing 10 Lucknow コミラ 北京(ペイチン) ラクノウ 5 Cox's Bazar 2 Chengdu 11 Mallappuzhassery コックスバザール 成都(チォントゥ) マラパザーサリー 6 Dhaka 3 Chongqing 12 Meerut ダッカ 重慶(チョンチン) メーラト 7 Gazipur 4 Dalian 13 Mumbai (Bombay) ガジプール 大連(タァリィェン) ムンバイ(旧ボンベイ) 8 Gopalpur 5 Fuzhou 14 Nagpur ゴパルプール 福州(フゥチォウ) ナーグプル 1/108 Pages -
Bibi's Big Mistake: Fall of Fake Regime?
WWW.TEHRANTIMES.COM I N T E R N A T I O N A L D A I L Y 8 Pages Price 50,000 Rials 1.00 EURO 4.00 AED 43rd year No.13941 Wednesday MAY 12, 2021 Ordibehesht 22, 1400 Ramadan 29, 1442 Iran: Tehran-Riyadh Daei, Hejazi the best Blood donation dialogue conducted by Iranian players of up 27% during Felicitation special envoys Page 2 century: IFFHS Page 3 Qadr nights Page 7 on Eid-al Fitr Iran rejects Pentagon’s claim, denounces U.S. ‘unprofessional’ behavior in Hormuz Bibi’s big mistake: Fall TEHRAN - The Islamic Revolutionary committing “provocative, gratuitous and Guards Corps Navy has reacted to a claim unprofessional behaviors such as flying heli- by the Pentagon that the IRGC speed- copters, firing flares and aimless shooting.” boats unprofessionally came close to an The statement said the IRGC boats See page 3 American vessel. maintained a legal distance from the The IRGC Navy said in a statement on American vessels in accordance with of fake regime? Tuesday that IRGC boats did not act unpro- international maritime regulations and fessionally and while they were conducting warned them against “dangerous and a regular and conventional operation, they unprofessional behavior.” encountered seven American Navy vessels Continued on page 3 Iranian COVID-19 Electricity projects worth over $320m vaccine enters large- put into operation TEHRAN – Iranian Energy Minister projects, as well as installing new PV sys- Reza Ardakanian inaugurated major tems for nomadic households. scale production phase electricity projects worth 13.45 trillion The national electricity network’s rials (about $320.2 million) across the new dispatching center which has been country on Tuesday, in the sixth week of completed with 11.44 trillion rials (about the ministry’s A-B-Iran program in the $272.3 million) of investment is using current Iranian calendar year (started on world’s latest technologies in Energy March 21). -
Karyosystematic and Morphometric Characterization of the Rodents As Reservoir Hosts of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in an Endemic Focus of Isfahan Province, Iran
J Vector Borne Dis 46, March 2009, pp. 52–56 Karyosystematic and morphometric characterization of the rodents as reservoir hosts of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic focus of Isfahan Province, Iran L. Shirani Bidabadia, M.A. Nilforoushzadeha,b, A.A. Akhavanc, H. Abdolie, A.H. Siadata, F. Jaffarya,d, S.H. Hejazia, N. Shareghie, M. Ghaneie, M. Arandiane & S.H. Moradia aSkin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center (Sedigheh Tahereh), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan; bResearch Center of Training of Leprosy and Skin Diseases, Department of Dermatology, University of Medical Sciences , Tehran; cDepartment of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran; dDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan; eResearch Center of Training of Isfahan, School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research,Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran Abstract Background & objectives: Rodents belonging to Gerbillinae subfamily are the main reservoir hosts of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) in Iran. Regarding the important role of these rodents in the maintenance of Leishmania major in the nature, their identification with morphometric, cytogenetic and molecular methods seems to be essential. The karyotype study of these species, captured from a new focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis located in the south of Isfahan Province was carried out in 2007. Methods: Twenty specimens containing seventeen Meriones persicus and three Nesokia indica were captured from Mobarakeh rural district south of Isfahan. Giemsa-stained karyotypes of these two species were prepared from bone marrow chromosome preparations. -
Short Communication Geographical Distribution of Scorpion Odontobuthus Doriae in Isfahan Province, Central Iran
J Arthropod-Borne Dis, September 2017, 11(3): 433–440 R Dehghani and H Kassiri: Geographical … Short Communication Geographical Distribution of Scorpion Odontobuthus doriae in Isfahan Province, Central Iran Rouhullah Dehghani 1, *Hamid Kassiri 2 1Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran 2Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, School of Health, Ahvaz, Iran (Received 13 Sep 2016; accepted 21 Aug 2017) Abstract Background: Scorpions are among the world’s venomous arthropods, they sting humans every year, suffering pain- ful symptoms or losing their lives because of the venom. Odontobuthus doriae Thorell 1876 (Arachnida: Scorpi- onida: Buthidae) is a scorpion of medical importance and therefore its geographical distribution in Isfahan Province has been studied. Methods: This descriptive cross–sectional study was designed between Mar and Jun in 2012 and 2013 in Province of Isfahan, central Iran. Overall, 164 O. doriae scorpions were collected from their natural habitat by identifying the dug burrows. This arthropod’s burrows were identified based on the presence of tumuli, particularly between May and Jun at the sloping foothills of pristine embankments. The sampling data was categorized and compared. Results: The relative frequency of collected O. doriae for the counties was Mobarakeh (13.5%), Shahinshahre (11.5%), Borkhar (9%), Shahreza (7.5%), Kashan (7.5%), Naeen (6%), Natanz (5.5%), Isfahan (4.8%), Najafabad (4.8%), Aran and Bidgol (4.8%), Dehaghan (4.8%), Flavarjan (3.7%), Khomeinishahr (3.7%), Tiran (3.7%), Gol- payegan (3.7%), Ardestan (3.7%) and Lenjan (2.5%). No O. doriae was collected from other counties of the province. -
Genetic Diversity of Iranian Cumin (Cuminum Cyminum L.) Accessions, Using Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) and Start Codon Targeted (Scot) Markers
Journal of Medicinal Plants and By-products Original Article Genetic Diversity of Iranian Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) Accessions, using Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) and Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) Markers Mohammad Sammer Mohamadizad1, Farzaneh Bahadori2*, Leila Hakimi3, Ahmad Khalighi1, and Abbas Dehshiri4 1Department of Horticulture Sciences and Agronomy, Agriculture and Food Science college, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2Research Center of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Semnan, Iran 3Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran 4Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran Article History: Received: 30 September 2020/Accepted in revised form: 17 March 2021 © 2012 Iranian Society of Medicinal Plants. All rights reserved. Abstract Cuminum cyminum (cumin) is an aromatic plant, commonly used in food industries and traditional medicine, especially in tropical Asia. Various accessions of Cuminum cyminum with different aromatic properties could be found in Iran, as a main region of cumin production. This study was conducted to evaluate genetic diversity of 22 accessions of Cuminum cyminum from different parts of Iran. The seeds were cultivated in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), with 22 accessions and three replicates, and their agro-morphological traits were measured. Genetic variations of the studied accessions were evaluated using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and start codon targeted (SCoT) markers. Estimate of molecular variance showed a significant genetic difference between the studied accessions, whereby 57% of total variance was occurred between the populations. Based on the Mantel test for association of genetic diversities and geographical distances, increase of geographical distance did not influence the genetic differentiation. -
An Analysis of Natural Factors Affecting the Dispersal and Establish- Ment of Iron Age III (800-550 B.C) Settlements in the West
Journal of Geographical Research | Volume 04 | Issue 01 | January 2021 Journal of Geographical Research https://ojs.bilpublishing.com/index.php/jgr ARTICLE An Analysis of Natural Factors Affecting the Dispersal and Establish- ment of Iron Age III (800-550 B.C) Settlements in the Western Zayan- deh-Rud River Basin (West and Northwest of Isfahan) Masoomeh Taheri Dehkordi1* Alamdar Alian2 1. Department of Archaeology . Bu-Ali-Sina University, Iran 2. Iranian CHTO Isfahan, Iran ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history Humans are always effect to their surroundings, which makes it possible Received: 30 November 2020 to create habitable environments and create habitat patterns that fit the surrounding environment. The interaction between human being and Accepted: 8 January 2021 environment either in the form of human effect on the environment or Published Online: 31 January 2021 the environment effect on the human, cannot be considered out of the environment. According to this approach in archaeology, environmental Keywords: factors have an important role in assessing settlements in each period. In Analysis of settlement Pattern addition to the recognition of the degree of environmental impact, this approach makes the degree of adaptation of the habitats with the dominant Iron age III environmental conditions possible. As geospatial tools become more Western basin of Zayandeh-Rud River powerful, GIS archaeology has evolved as well, making it possible to Isfahan visualize ancient settlements and analyze changes in the use of space over time. By incorporating historic map data, physical details of an area’s GIS landscape and known information about past inhabitants, archaeologists can accurately predict the positions of sites with cultural, historical relevance. -
The Spatial Analysis of Annual Measles Incidence and Transition Threat Assessment in Iran in 2016
Original Article http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI) Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2019(4 Dec);33.130. https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.33.130 The spatial analysis of annual measles incidence and transition threat assessment in Iran in 2016 Abolfazl Mohammadbeigi1, Seyed Mohsen Zahraei2, Azam Sabouri2, Azadeh Asgarian3, Sima Afrashteh4, Hossein Ansari*5 Received: 6 Oct 2018 Published: 4 Dec 2019 Abstract Background: During the past years, due to the increase in immunization coverage and promotion of surveillance data, the incidence of measles decreased. This study aimed to determine the measles incidence risk, to conduct spatial mapping of annual measles incidence, and to assess the transition threat in different districts of Iran. Methods: A historical cohort study with retrospective data was conducted. The measles surveillance data containing 14 294 cases suspected of having measles in Iran were analyzed during 2014-2016. WHO Measles Programmatic Risk Assessment Tool was applied to calculate and map the incidence of measles in each district, to determine the annual incidence rate, and to conduct spatial threat assessment risk. Threat assessment was measured based on factors influencing the exposure and transmission of measles virus in the population. The annual measles incidence rate and spatial mapping of incidence in each Iranian district was conducted by Measles Programmatic Risk Assessment Tool. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics in Excel 2013 and Arc GIS 10.3. Results: Of 14 294 suspected cases, 0.6% (CI 95%: 0.599-0.619) were identified as clinically compatible measles, 0.280 (CI 95%: 0.275-0.284) as confirmed rubella, 0.52% (CI 95%: 0.516-0.533) as epi-linked measles, 4.6% (CI 95%: 0.450-0.464) as lab-confirmed measles, and 94% (CI 95%: 93.93-94.11) were discarded. -
Environmental Impact Assessment of Conversion Towns to Cities by EIA Model
ن، ز و ﯾر و ن ن د زد و ن ١٩١٩١٩ وو ٢٠٢٠٢٠ ١٣٨٨١٣٨٨١٣٨٨ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ اﺛﺮات زﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻬﺮ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ EIA ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻮردي : ﺷﻬﺮ زاﻳﻨﺪه رود اﻳﺮان ﻏﺎزي1 ، ﺳﻴﺪﺣﺴﻦ ﺣﺴﻴﻨﻲ اﺑﺮي2 ، ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ﻧﺼﺮي3 ، ﻧﻴﻠﻮﻓﺮ ﻗﺪﻳﺮي*4 ﭼﻜﻴﺪه : : ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﮔﺰارش ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻣﻠﻞ ﻣﺘﺤﺪ ، ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺷﻬﺮﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ در اﻳﺮان در ﺳﺎل 1960( 1339) ﻣﻌﺎدل 34 34 درﺻﺪ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در ﺳﺎل 1992( 1371) ﺑﻪ 58 درﺻﺪ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ . در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﭘﺪﻳﺪه اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺷﻬﺮﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ را در ﻛﺸﻮر ﻣﻲﺗ ﻮان ﻣﻌﻠﻮل ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮت روﺳﺘﺎﻳﻴﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ، اﺳﻜﺎن و ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﺸﺎﻳﺮ در ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎي ﻧﻮﺑﻨﻴﺎد و ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺷﺪن ﺗﻌﺪادي از ﻧﻘﺎط روﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻬﺮ داﻧﺴﺖ. روﻳﻜﺮد ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻜﻮﻧﺖ ﮔﺎه روﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻬﺮ در اﻳﺮان ، روﻳﻜﺮدي دو ارزﺷﻲ( دو وﺟﻬﻲ ) اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺎﻛﻲ ا ز ﻋﺪم ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻪ اﺑﻌﺎد ﻣﺘﻨﻮع، ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ و وﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎي اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از ﺳﻜﻮﻧﺖ ﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎ اﺳﺖ و ﻓﻘﻂ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻫﺎي ﻣﺮدﻣﻲ و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ در ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﻴﺮي و ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻳﻚ روﺳﺘﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻧﻘﺶ دارﻧﺪ. اﻳﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ ﻫﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت در اﻳﻦ ﻣﺮاﻛﺰ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺑﻲ روﻳﻪ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ زﻳﺴﺖ و اﻳﺠﺎد ﻛﺎ رﺑﺮ ي ﻫﺎي ﺑﻲ ﺿﺎﺑﻄﻪ را ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل دارد . ﺷﻬﺮي ﻛﻪ در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد، ﺷﻬﺮ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ زاﻳﻨﺪه رود در ﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ راه ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ اﺻﻔﻬﺎن ﺑﻪ زرﻳﻦ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ در ﺳﺎل 1379 از ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻦ 5 روﺳﺘﺎي ﺑﺰرگ ﺑﻨﺎ ﻧﻬﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ اﺛﺮات و ﭘﻴﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي زﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ اﻳﻦ روﺳﺘﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ EIA 1 و ﺑﺎ روﻳﻜﺮدي ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ- ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ . -
A Case Study of Qanat in the Central Iran
An Appraisal of Qualifying Role of Hydraulic Heritage Systems; A Case Study of Qanat in the Central Iran Mehdi F. Harandi1 Marc J. de Vries2 Abstract Hydraulic heritage systems, both underground and exposed, have been known to be sustainable for millennia. Persian and also Roman aqueducts are examples of such hydrosystems. Their values are often overlooked but they have undeniable advantages: they have functional interconnectedness with their surrounding society and ecology, which sometimes leads to revitalization plans. By using the notion „qualifying role‟, this paper will raise questions concerning the disregarded functions and early and historical positions of hydraulic heritage systems. This article illustrates the qualifying role of Qanats in urban drainage by describing the skill in their planning and construction. This is shown by a problematic case study in Iran, where the construction of a drainage system modelled on bygone Qanat‟s techniques resulted in a dramatic drawdown in the water level of the area soon after construction. Keywords: aqueduct, hydraulic heritage system, underground water supply network, technological development, Qanat technology. ______________________________________________________________________________ 1 Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands. e-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Philosophy, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands 1. Introduction Hydraulic heritage systems, such as Persian underground „water supply networks‟, have been known to be sustainable (English, 1998) for millennia. For many years these water supply systems have been facing diverse and adverse contradictions mostly of a „utilitarian nature‟ (Martínez-Santos and Martínez-Alfaro, 2014) of engineering heritage linked to modernism. They have by far been overtaken by engineering infrastructure and were deemed as a hindrance for modern technological development.