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Climate Resilience WASH Programming in Coastal Areas of Bangladesh an End-Line Study

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Climate Resilience WASH Programming in Coastal Areas of Bangladesh an End-Line Study Climate Resilience WASH Programming in Coastal Areas of Bangladesh An End-Line Study House 97 B Road 25 Block-A, Banani, Dhaka 1213 www.wateraid.org/bangladesh dm.W atch Disaster Management Watch 856/1 A, Kajipara, Mirpur, Dhaka-1216. Contact No: 01717064843, 01717232615, Email: [email protected] End Line Study of Climate Resilience WASH Programming in Coastal Areas of Bangladesh Contents Summary Table: Comparison between baseline and endline ................................................................... 6 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................. 9 Section 1: Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 13 Section 2: Background and Context ....................................................................................................... 13 2.1. Project Overview .................................................................................................................... 14 2.2. Rationale of the Study ............................................................................................................ 15 2.3. Main Study Objectives............................................................................................................ 15 2.4. Specific Study Objectives ........................................................................................................ 15 Section 3: Methodology......................................................................................................................... 17 3.1. Study design and approach ......................................................................................................... 17 3.2. Study area................................................................................................................................... 17 3.2.1. Assasuni Upazila: .................................................................................................................. 18 3.2.2. Shyamnagar Upazila ............................................................................................................. 18 3.3. Data collection method ............................................................................................................... 19 3.4. Study population and sampling ................................................................................................... 20 3.5. Sample for Water Quality Test .................................................................................................... 21 3.6. Quality assurance during data collection ..................................................................................... 21 3.7. Data management and analysis................................................................................................... 21 3.8. Limitation ................................................................................................................................... 21 Section 4: Demographic profile of households and respondents ............................................................ 22 4.1. Profile of the Households ............................................................................................................ 22 4.2. Profile of the Respondents .......................................................................................................... 23 Section 5: Access to safe drinking water ................................................................................................ 24 5.1. Sources of drinking water: .......................................................................................................... 24 5.2. Sources of water used for other purposes: .................................................................................. 24 5.3. Availability of water sources in crisis: .......................................................................................... 24 5.4. Ownership of the source of drinking water: ................................................................................ 25 5.5. Maintenance of water sources: ................................................................................................... 26 5.5.1. Pond Sand Filters (PSF): ........................................................................................................ 26 2 5.5.2. Sallow Tube Well (STW): ...................................................................................................... 26 Page End Line Study of Climate Resilience WASH Programming in Coastal Areas of Bangladesh 5.5.3. Rain Water Harvesting: ........................................................................................................ 26 5.6. Distance, transportation and time factors: .................................................................................. 26 5.7. Quality of water pot and storage:................................................................................................ 27 5.8. Water Quality: ............................................................................................................................ 28 5.8.2. Arsenic (Source level): .......................................................................................................... 29 5.8.3. Iron (Source level): ............................................................................................................... 30 5.8.4. Salinity: ................................................................................................................................ 30 5.9. Observation of WSP at household: .............................................................................................. 31 Section 6: Access to improved sanitation ............................................................................................... 32 Section 7: Hygiene ................................................................................................................................. 33 Section 8: Risks and impacts of climate change on water, sanitation and hygiene practice .................... 35 Section 9: Prevalence of water-borne disease ........................................................................................ 38 9.1. Status of water borne disease: .................................................................................................... 38 9.2. Health seeking behavior and consequences of diseases: ............................................................. 39 Section 10: Role of community and local government ........................................................................... 40 10.1. Role of community in operation and maintenance of the water facilities: ................................. 41 10.2. Involvement of the local government (Union Parishad) to meet the WASH needs in the communities:..................................................................................................................................... 41 Section 11: Discussion and Conclusion ................................................................................................... 43 Annex 2: Statistical tables ...................................................................................................................... 49 Annex 3: Household survey questionnaire ............................................................................................. 70 References ............................................................................................................................................ 79 List of Tables: Table1: HH income-expenditure dynamics (taka) Table2: Occupation of Household head Table3: Education level of respondent and household head Table 4: Type of latrine used by HH Table 5: Hand Washing Practice Table 6: Hygiene practices at household levels Table7: How to cope with the risk of climate change Table 8: Type of water-borne diseases that affected HH members? List of Figures: 3 Figure 1: Crisis month of drinking water Page End Line Study of Climate Resilience WASH Programming in Coastal Areas of Bangladesh Figure 2: Water quality test – TTC at source Figure 3: Water quality test – TTC at HH Figure 4: Water quality test result – Arsenic Figure 5: Water quality test result – Iron List of Boxes: Box 1: Physical status of PSF Box 2: Perception of water quality Box 3: How people serve drinking water Box 4: Time line of climate change in southwest of Bangladesh Box 5: Role of WDMC to function PSF mitigate conflict 4 Page End Line Study of Climate Resilience WASH Programming in Coastal Areas of Bangladesh Abbreviation AAS Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer BCCSAP Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan BDS Bangladesh Drinking Standard DoE Department of Environment DTW Deep Tube well COP Convention on Climate Change CBO Community Based Organization CFU Colony Forming Unit DA Daily Allowance DPHE Department of Public Health Engineering FGD Focus Group Discussion GoB Government of Bangladesh IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change KII Key Informant Interview LGI Local Government Institutes LOQ Level On Quantization MFM Membrane Filtration Method NGO Non Government Organization NAPA National Adaptation Programme of Action PSF Pond-Sand Filter RWH Rain Water Harvesting RO Reverse Osmosis STW Shallow Tube Well TA Travel Allowance TTC Thermo Tolerance Coliform UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNICEF United Nations International
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