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Francis H. Smith in Europe, 1858. Full-Text, Letterbook #1

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Francis H. Smith in Europe, 1858. Full-Text, Letterbook #1 VMI Archives www.vmi.edu/archives Francis H. Smith Trip to Europe in 1858 Letterbook # 1 Transcribed, edited, and annotated by Col. Edwin L. Dooley, Jr. Editor’s Preface: In a memoir written shortly before his death in 1890, General Francis H. Smith, VMI superintendent, included the following passages regarding a trip he took to Europe in 1858. “The strain of official duty was severely felt by me during the incessant calls made on me at that time [1857-1858]. The Board of Visitors realized this, and were convinced that I needed respite, and acting under their advice, and by their authority, I accepted a furlough to visit Europe in 1858. It was made my duty by the Board of Visitors to visit the Military, Scientific, and Agricultural institutions of Europe with instructions to report thereon upon my return. I sailed from New York on the 9th of June, 1858, and returned on the last of December, 1858, being accompanied on my trip by three graduates of the Institute. “Being fully accredited by our Board of Visitors, and by the Governor of Virginia, I found ready access to the chief institutions of a scientific and military character in Europe, and on my return submitted a Report to the Board on “scientific Education in Europe,” which was printed by the General Assembly of Virginia in 1859. This general report was followed by a special Report, which was designed to suggest such modifications in the academic Work of the Institute as might fit it the better to meet the demands of the State and country.” During Smith’s six-month visit to Europe, he traveled through Ireland, Scotland, England, France, Holland, several German states, Austria, Italy, and Switzerland. Besides taking notes for the official report he would write on his return, he managed to write lengthy letters to his family nearly every day about his experiences. One of his aims was to use the letters as a journal or aide de memoire to assist him in writing his official report. They provide many interesting details of his trip, but they also give us a rare personal picture of Smith that one does not find in thousands of pages of official correspondence that have survived from his fifty-year tenure as VMI superintendent. Sometime after Smith’s return to Lexington, he had his clerk, Robert Henry Campbell, copy the letters into three small letterbooks. This was fortunate for future researchers because Campbell’s handwriting was excellent while Smith’s handwriting was nearly illegible. Over the years, the letter books passed down through descendants of Smith, but sadly one of them, the third – having to do with his visit to Switzerland, Germany, Austria, and Italy – was lost. The two surviving books ended up in the possession of Col. Alexander Morrison (VMI 1939), a Smith descendant, and he kindly made them available to the editor to transcribe and annotate for the general reader. In transcribing the letters, the editor has retained original spelling and punctuation wherever it appeared not to be a mere mistake by R. H. Campbell. Smith’s clerk had difficulty with the names of some of the locations mentioned, and the editor has corrected these misspellings. Francis H. Smith in Europe, 1858. Letterbook #1 Page 1 VMI Archives www.vmi.edu/archives Many of the annotations include references or links to web pages on the Internet. One reason for this practice is to give the reader an immediate opportunity to conduct a virtual visit to the places seen and described by Smith and thereby reconstruct his journey across England and France. Web postings are sometimes undependable, are often updated, and sometimes becomes unavailable, however, so the reader is urged to engage in active Internet searches for the places and persons mentioned. Those seeking a deeper understanding of places or persons mentioned should consult standard reference works and other published studies. Edwin L. Dooley, Jr. Lexington, 2010 One of the two existing letterbooks containing copies of Francis Smith’s correspondence from Europe to his family in 1858. _______________________________________________________________________ Francis H. Smith in Europe, 1858. Letterbook #1 Page 2 VMI Archives www.vmi.edu/archives Sample pages from letterbook, in the handwriting of Smith’s clerk, R. H. Campbell ____________ Copies of my letters from Europe, in 1858. Made by my clerk Mr. R H 1 Campbell. 1860 1 Robert Henry Campbell. According to VMI historian William Couper, Campbell’s family had the VMI laundry contract for many years. Robert was never a cadet at VMI. He served in the Civil War as a PVT in the Rockbridge Rifles. According to Morton and Reidenbaugh, Campbell was a 3rd CPL, then SGT, Co. H, Stonewall Brigade. See William Couper, One Hundred Years at VMI, 3 vols. (Richmond: Garret and Massie, 1939), 1: 209; Oren F. Morton, A History of Rockbridge County, Virginia (Staunton, Va: 1920; reprint, Baltimore Regional Publishing Co., 1973), 433; Lowell Reidenbaugh, 27th Virginia Infantry, “The Virginia Regimental Histories Series” (Lynchburg, Va: H. E. Howard, 1993), 134. Couper continues: “[Campbell] was sent home after the Battle of First Manassas suffering from a hemorrhage of the lungs. Twice he returned to duty and was discharged as unfit for field service, whereupon he took a position as clerk in the superintendent’s office at V.M.I. and served as such until the Institute reopened in October, Francis H. Smith in Europe, 1858. Letterbook #1 Page 3 VMI Archives www.vmi.edu/archives ____________ [page 2] Illustration of the Steamer Africa, on which Francis Smith sailed to Europe in 1858. The illustration is incorrect in showing two funnels as the ship had only one. From the editor’s collection. Steamer Africa2 Irish Channel Saturday Morning June 17th /58 When I last wrote to you My Precious wife,3 we were just passing Sandy Hook4 and were taking leave of our New York Pilot. 1865, when he was appointed treasurer and quartermaster…. He was a protégé of General Smith from his youth….” See Couper, Hundred Years, 3: 209. 2 The Royal Mail Steamer Africa was a wooden hull, steam-driven paddle sidewheeler built in 1850 by the British and North American Royal Mail Steam Packet Company (known after 1878 as the Cunard Steamship Company, Limited). Description: “2226 gross tons, length 266 ft x beam 40 ft, clipper bows, one funnel, three masts rigged for sail, wooden hull, side paddle wheels, speed 12 knots. Accommodation for 130-1st and 30-2nd class passengers. Built by R. Steele & Co., Greenock, and launched … in July 1850. Maiden voyage 26th Oct. 1850.” It sailed between New York and Liverpool. See “The Ships List, Ship Descriptions - A,” date posted unknown, date accessed 2/10/2009, electronic address: <http://www.theshipslist.com/ships/descriptions/ShipsA.html >; Frank C. Bowen, A Century of Atlantic Travel, 1830-1930 (London: Sampson Low, n.d.), 60, 85. Francis H. Smith in Europe, 1858. Letterbook #1 Page 4 VMI Archives www.vmi.edu/archives Already we are beautifully sailing down the Irish Channel having just passed (10 a m) Loch Foyle5 which leads to Derry, the home of our good friend Mrs Paine.6 We made the coast of Ireland this morning at 2 and were abreast of Tory Island7 on the western coast, at 4 A M. Thanks to the goodness of our Heavenly Father, whose mercies have never failed us, our voyage has been a prosperous one. Our Captain8 says, it has been the roughest he ever made in the month of June. We took what is called the northern passage,9 passing along the coast of New Foundland and leaving Cape Race10 as our last point of the American shore, and then going through the northern passage, by the north coast of Ireland. This is usually __________ [page 3] the safest and most expeditious route in summer. To us it has been a most boisterous one. We reached Cape Race Sunday morning at 8 and our first acquaintance with the northern regions was a view of 3 Icebergs, passing a very large one, within ¾ of a mile. It was a grand prospect. 3 Sarah Henderson Smith (b. 1812, d. 1884). Daughter of Dr. Thomas Henderson of Alexandria, Va., who died at the Superintendent’s Quarters, 1854, and Maria Henderson, d. 1857. Sarah married Francis Henney Smith 9 June 1835 at West Point, New York. She died 18 May 1884 at the Virginia Military Institute. See William Couper, “Jackson Memorial Cemetery Survey, Complete to 1960,” MS (unedited), Library, Washington and Lee University. See also loose papers from Smith family Bible in the collection of Alexander H. Morrison, of Rockbridge County, Va. 4 “Sandy Hook” is a barrier spit of land at the southern entrance to Lower New York Bay, south of New York City. See “Sandy Hook Unit,” date posted unknown, National Park Service, date accessed 2/10/09, electronic address: <http://www.nps.gov/gate/>. 5 Loch Foyle (Lough Foyle) is the estuary of the River Foyle, in Ulster, Northern Ireland, which leads to the port of Derry. See articles and photos at “Lough Foyle,” at “Wikipedia.” 6 Mrs. Eliza Paine, wife of Dr. John W. Paine (both age 61 in 1858). Although a physician, Paine was a bookseller in Lexington and conducted a private classical school. He and his wife were born in Ireland, according to the 1860 U.S. Census. See Henry Boley, Lexington in Old Virginia (Richmond: Garrett and Massie, 1936; reprint, Lexington: Liberty Hall Press, 1974), 158-9. 7 Tory (Toraigh) Island, County Donegal, is nine miles off the NW coast of Ireland. See article and photos at “Tory Island,” at “Wikipedia.” 8 The Captain of the steamer Africa in 1858 and 1859 was Neil Shannon.
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