Max Roqueta E La Revista Occitania Marie-Jeanne Verny

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Max Roqueta E La Revista Occitania Marie-Jeanne Verny Max Roqueta e la revista Occitania Marie-Jeanne Verny To cite this version: Marie-Jeanne Verny. Max Roqueta e la revista Occitania. Colloque de Septèmes les vallons - 2 février 2013, 2014, Septèmes-les-Vallons, France. pp.44-53. hal-03185319 HAL Id: hal-03185319 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03185319 Submitted on 30 Mar 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - NoDerivatives| 4.0 International License Max Roqueta e la revista Occitània [in A l'entorn de l'accion occitana (1930-1950) : Paul Ricard, Jorgi Reboul, Carles Camproux, Max Rouquette, Actes du colloque de Septèmes les vallons - 2 février 2013, édités par MJ Verny.] L’istòria d’una revista Lo periodic que nos servís de basa per aquel estudi aguèt, amb de noms – e mai de linhas editorialas – pron diferents, una vida de las longas, puèi que nasquèt en agost de 1931 e s’acabèt en octòbre de 1957 segon los avatars seguents : L’Araire : 1931 – 1934 Occitània : 1934 – 1940 Terra d’òc : 1940 – 1945 L’Ase negre : 1946 – 1947 Occitània : 1948 – 1949 Occitània : 1956 – 1957 Dins los elements que fan l’unitat d’aquel periodic, mai que mai dins lo periòde de l’abans- guèrra, i a la referéncia al federalisme, una idèa – e un mot – recurrents dins cada liurason. Cada numèro pòrta a gaucha del títol, en primièra pagina, una frasa-devisa, e la del 23 (07-01- 36) es revelatritz : « Ni blanc, ni roge, Sang e Or ». Lo federalisme apareis a sos promotors coma una garantida de patz, coma o proclama un article del n° 37 (7-10-37) : Sol d’efèt lo federalisme, en rendent als poples lor vertadièra consciència, lor permetrà de suprimir los fargaires de lamas e autres profitéires sens vergonha, e farà mai aisit lo grelh de la patz. De notar tanben que los fondators d’Occitania son de joves de mens de 30 ans, o afortís Carles Camprós, sota l’escais de Ramon Camp, dins lo n° 13 de març de 1935 : « Un journau de jouine a pouscu vièure 12 numero sens ajudo ». Lo primièr nom que portèt lo periodic es donc L’araire, que son primièr numèro es datat d’agost de 1931, es e qu’es presentat coma « organe mensuel de la Jeunesse Occitane ». Lo gerent n’èra Carles Camprós, domiciliat a l’epòca « 55, rue C. Hugues, rue Belle-de Mai » a Marselha. Lo primièr numero foguèt estampat a Mende ont Camprós tenguèt un pòste de professor fins a 1931. Camprós i escriu amb mai d’un escais, per exemple Ramon Camp, Carles Sicart, Anfos Ode… Lo tiratge de la revista es pro important puèi qu’es de 1000 exemplaris pel numèro 1 e de 2000 pel segond. Lo n° 9 de la revista anóncia lo cambiament de nom en Occitània, mas lo n° 10 se sona totjorn L’Araire, Terra d’òc, editat pendent la guèrra, es mencionat coma « edicion enterimària d’Occitania » e L’Ase negre indica en dessós del títol « ancianament « Occitania ». Avèm notat dins aquela tièra lo reviscòl del títol de 1956 a 1957, après 7 ans d’interrupcion. Pasmens l’Occitania d’aquel periòd, el, a pas grand causa de vèire amb sos predecessors : lo contengut n’es largament societal e economic, çò que correspond a un viratge economista, pres per la majoritat de l’occitanisme del temps1. 1 Per o dire lèu, per la tendéncia bailejada per Lafont contra Manciet e Castan. Sus aquel punt e son influéncia sus lo novèl Occitania, legir Laurent Abrate, 1900/1968, Occitanie des idées et des hommes, IEO/IDECO, 2001, coll. Textes & documents, p. 460-475. Es a partir d’aquel corpus coerent malgrat de títols cambiadisses qu’anam ensajar de donar una idèa de la forma e del contengut del trabalh que i faguèt Max Roqueta pendent un pauc mai d’un decèni. De segur, un estudi exaustiu d’aquela collaboracion s’ameritariá mai de plaça que n’avèm. Es per aquò que, dins cada rubrica concernida, prendrem qualques exemples revelators d’un ton e d’un contengut. 1- L’intrada de Max Roqueta a la redacion d’Occitania Lo primièr numèro d’Occitania es datat del 7 de març de 1934, e presentat coma l’« organ mesadièr de la joventut occitanista ». Camprós n’es totjorn lo director, amb R. Barthe coma cap-redactor e R. Donnadieu coma administrator. La revista es domiciliada a Montpelhièr. Lo foncionament n’es pro decentralizat, estent que la redaccion es partatjada entre de seccions regionalas, presentadas dins lo primièr numero, que reprenon las principalas regions occitanas, amb l’apondon de Barcelona, Valéncia e París. Es amb lo n° 22, lo 7 de decembre de 1935, qu’apareis Max Roqueta coma cap-redactor, sens que i aja d’articles signats per el. Son aparicion coma redactor se faguèt d’un biais polemic amb lo n° 32, de decembre de 1937, una polemica que lo va opausar, cotria amb Camprós, als « Grop Marsihés d’Occitania »2 qu’aviá bailejat lo numèro 3 d’Occitania (de setembre de 1931). Los Marselhés, libertaris, comunistas e anti-fascistas, avián donat a aquel numero una orientacion politica pro clara. Se dubrissiá per un editorial titolat « La Terre aux Terriens », formula que tornava mantun còp en repic, Terra aital evocada : « cette Terre du Midi toujours libertaire encore oppressée aujourd’hui par les mêmes puissances affublées d’un autre nom ». Lo numèro se revindicava de Jaurès o de Marcel Cachin3, totes dos presentats sota lo títol « Ceux qui sont avec nous », e citava un long discors de Cachin sus Bretanha e sa lenga que disiá, entre autres : Il faut ajouter que nous voulons aussi que l’on respecte la langue bretonne, notre belle vieille langue « libre et barbare ». Elle sonne bien à nos oreilles. Elle est encore celle de centaines de mille pêcheurs, marins et paysans, qui la parlent avec amour et qui ne veulent pas la laisser mourir. Le progrès ne gagnerait rien à sa disparition et nous sommes aux côtés de tous ceux, de plus en plus nombreux aujourd’hui, qui travaillent à la défendre. D’autras personalitats èran citadas o evocadas, coma Yann Sohier4, o « Noueste cambarado Charle GAOU, Deputa Prouvençau de BRIGNOLO »… Un numero clarament marcat politicament donc, çò que motivèt, dins la liurason seguenta, lo n° 32, de decembre de 1936, una protèsta contra « l’aflat comunista que se sentís dins aquest numero ». L’article, en plen mitan de la primièra pagina, èra titolat « Parlem clar », e signat per Ch. Camproux e M. Rouquette. L’editorial, titolat « Trebolèri » explicava que la revista se siá arrestada dos meses a-de-reng per de question d’argent e de « problèmas morals ». Aquestes problèmas èran aital explicats per Camprós e Roqueta : « … la direccion avià laisat tota libertat al grop Marselhes per entindar a son sicap lo n° especial de « Brignolo ». Lo n° devia portar en primiera paja, en caccaters caractèrs pron gras, la mencion : « n° 2 En naut de sa darrièra pagina, en marge, es notat : « Numero especiau estampa pèr lou « Group Marsihés d’Occitania ». 3 Paimpol 1869-Choisy-le-Roi 1958. Directeur de l’Humanité depuis 1918 jusqu’à sa mort, dirigeant du Parti Communiste français depuis le congrès de Tours. 4 Ensenhaire, creator del moviment Ar Falz, militant breton progressista, mòrt en 1935. Es lo paire de l’istoriana Mona Ozouf. Se legirà amb profiech lo libre d’aquesta : Composition française, Gallimard, 2009. espiciau adouba per lou group Marselhes d’Occitania, souta sa responsabilitat ». Articles e esprovas, tot foguet solament en mans dels marselheses ». E l’editorial ne tirava la conclusion d’una exigéncia avenidoira d’independéncia politica a regard dels partits politics. A partir d’aquel numerò destinat a « quadrar » las tropas, Max Roqueta vai jogar un ròtle fòrça mai actiu dins la revista. 2- Una collaboracion que pren d’ample a la fin de las annadas 30 Aquí la tièra de las contribucions que signèt – de son nom o de las inicialas M.R – entre lo primièr article, en 1936, e lo darrièr en 1948. Nos contentam de senhalar los articles signats, e mai siá quasi segur que Roqueta escriguèt bona part de las revistas de premsa e participèt a mantun editorial 1936 : 2 articles - « Parlem clar », editorial co-signat amb Camprós, n° 32 - « Un pas necessari. L’Offici de la Premsa Occitana »5 1937 : 14 articles - « Una idèa en camin », editorial (n° 33) - revista de premsa (n° 33) - O.P.O. (n° 33) - « Una enquesta d’Occitania » (33), article trencat per rasons tecnicas, que se contunha dins lo n° seguent - « A prepaus d’Una enquesta d’Occitania » (n° 34) - « E tornant de Santa Estella », editorial (n° 35) - « Lo camin nòstre », editorial (n° 36) - « Avem un jornal », editorial (n° 37) - « Dins lo biais de José d’Arbaud – Li million de l’Uba » (n° 37) - « Jose d’Arbaud » (n° 37 - « De la sansoira al poiridier » (n° 37) - « Retorn a la terra » (n° 38) - « Omes, Idèas – L’abat Josep Salvat » (n° 38) - « Dins lo biais de Josep Salvat » (n° 38), pastiche que s’acaba aital : « Piosamen reculit per Max Rouquette » - O.P.O. (n° 38) - « Cops d’estrelhas » (n° 38) 1938 : 13 articles - « Los mobles de l’empèri », editorial (n° 39) - O.P.O.
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