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A Narrativa Neopirrônica: Uma Análise Das Obras De Porchat E Fogelin

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A Narrativa Neopirrônica: Uma Análise Das Obras De Porchat E Fogelin BRUNO BATISTA PETTERSEN A narrativa neopirrônica: uma análise das obras de Porchat e Fogelin Belo Horizonte Julho - 2012 1 BRUO BATISTA PETTERSE A narrativa neopirrônica: uma análise das obras de Porchat e Fogelin Tese de doutorado apresentada ao Departamento de Filosofia da Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de Doutor em Filosofia. Linha de Pesquisa: Lógica e Filosofia da Ciência Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Lívia Guimarães Belo Horizonte - MG Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas Julho - 2012 2 Agradecimentos Nestes anos entre a escolha do tema desta tese e a sua finalização, muitos professores, colegas e amigos desempenharam uma papel fundamental em minha pesquisa. Quero iniciar agradecendo aos meus professores, e preciso começar pela minha orientadora, Lívia Guimarães, que me ensinou como escrever esta tese e que passou de apenas minha orientadora para uma amiga querida. Aos professores Ricardo Fenati e Paulo Margutti que geraram em mim o desejo de continuar a pesquisar filosofia. Agradeço também ao professor Ernesto Perini que me ensinou, ainda no meu mestrado, a precisão requerida nos meus argumentos e ao professor José Raimundo Maia Neto por ter me apresentado o ceticismo pelo qual me apaixonei. Não posso me esquecer de dois encontros: em 2004 com Robert Fogelin, que me orientou nas fases iniciais desta tese e, em 2010, com Oswaldo Porchat, que apoiou minha leitura de sua proposta filosófica. Finalmente agradeço ao professor João Paulo Monteiro por ter me recebido em Portugal durante o meu período de doutorado sanduíche. Mas realmente esta tese não teria se realizado sem o apoio de minha esposa Anice Lima. Ela não apenas me inspirou a trabalhar em um tema que eu amo, como me suportou – em todos os sentidos – durante estes longos anos. Quero agradecer aos meus colegas do Grupo Hume, Matheus, Hugo e Júlio pela convivência acadêmica durante esses anos. Não posso me esquecer de meus amigos fora da vida acadêmica, Flávio, Igor, Leonel, Anderson, Renata e Miguel pelo tempo de divertimento. A minha família, especialmente minha mãe Kathia, minha irmã Luciana, meu pai Alexandre, minha sogra Maria Luiza, e meus tios Henrique e Pedro Paulo pelo apoio sempre incondicional. Aos professores Delmar Cardoso, Álvaro Pimentel e João MacDowell da FAJE por terem me dado o apoio necessário para conciliar pesquisa e docência. Aos meus alunos das instituições que leciono. Aos funcionários do departamento de Filosofia da UFMG, especialmente a Edilma e Andrea pelo apoio fundamental para a pesquisa. Ao CNPq, pelos quatro anos de bolsa para a realização desta pesquisa. A todos, o meu eterno obrigado! 3 Ao meu avô, João Batista Filho, Em memória. Para Anice. 4 If I must be a fool, as all those who reason or believe anything certainly are, my follies shall at least be natural and agreeable. David Hume This has gone far enough After all we've been through We can't be blamed, We've done all we can humanly do It's a time to be tough A time to be wise We must stop chasing false dreams, And recover our lives. I believe my own eyes Know I've come to the end All my patience is gone When I'm doubtful I tend To believe my own eyes Pete Townshend – Tommy 5 Índice ota acerca dos trechos citados ..............................................................................pg.10 Resumo .....................................................................................................................pg.11 Introdução ................................................................................................................pg.13 1. Primeiro Capítulo: Sexto Empírico e o Pirronismo Introdução ..................................................................................................................pg.19 1.1. De Pirro a Sexto Empírico ................................................................................. pg.19 1.2. Sexto Empírico e o livro I do Esboços do Pirronismo .......................................pg.24 1.2.1. Quem é o cético pirrônico? ..............................................................................pg.27 1.3. Os modos de Suspensão do juízo .......................................................................pg.38 1.4. Vida, Fenômeno e a Medicina ............................................................................pg.53 1.5. A vida cética ...................................................................................................... pg.67 Apêndice 1: A rede cética ..........................................................................................pg.70 2. Segundo Capítulo: Ceticismo e vida comum na obra de Oswaldo Porchat Introdução ..................................................................................................................pg.72 2.1. Conhecendo as peças fundamentais: as fases, as orientações e algumas ideias constantes do pensamento de Porchat .......................................................................pg.75 2.1.1 As influências de Porchat ................................................................................ pg.76 2.1.2. Ideias Comuns nas Duas Fases de Porchat ......................................................pg.81 2.2. A Primeira Fase – A Vida Comum .....................................................................pg.83 2.2.1 O conflito das filosofias: a experiência da diaphonía até a recusa da filosofia.pg.85 2.2.1.1. Diferença do uso do termo diaphonía ..........................................................pg.85 2.2.1.2. O funcionamento da diaphonía e o conflito das filosofias ...........................pg.86 2.2.1.3. A diaphonía no sentido autobiográfico ........................................................pg.88 2.2.2 A recusa do Ceticismo ......................................................................................pg.89 2.2.2.1. Primeira fase de rejeição do ceticismo: o ceticismo não é uma solução para a diaphonía ...................................................................................................................pg.90 2.2.2.2. Segunda fase de rejeição do ceticismo: o ceticismo como uma forma negativa de filosofia .................................................................................................................pg.91 2.2.2.3. Terceira fase de rejeição do ceticismo: o ceticismo como uma filosofia mentalista ...................................................................................................................pg.92 6 2.2.3. Da redescoberta da vida comum até a promoção filosófica da visão comum..pg.94 2.2.3.1. Primeira fase da visão comum: A recusa da filosofia dogmática .................pg.95 2.2.3.2. Segunda fase da visão comum: A elaboração inicial da “promoção filosófica da visão comum” ............................................................................................................pg.96 2.2.3.3. Terceira fase da visão comum: A elaboração definitiva da “promoção filosófica da visão comum” .......................................................................................................pg.97 2.3. A Segunda Fase – Neopirronismo.....................................................................pg.101 2.3.1. O Neopirronismo, a diaphonía e a Filosofia .................................................pg.107 2.3.1.1A força antinômica do neopirronismo – o lado negativo do neopirronismo.pg.108 2.3.1.1.1 Os primeiros passos com a diaphonía .......................................................pg108 2.3.1.1.2. A diaphonía como argumentação ............................................................pg.110 2.3.2. O Fenômeno – o lado positivo do neopirronismo .........................................pg.113 2.3.2.1. Tò phainómenon: aquilo que aparece ........................................................pg.113 2.3.2.2. Visão geral do fenômeno ...........................................................................pg.114 2.3.2.3. Os quatro critérios do fenômeno e o naturalismo de Porchat .....................pg.116 2.3.3 Verdade e realismo no neopirronismo ............................................................pg.123 2.3.4. A filosofia e o fenômeno ...............................................................................pg.127 2.3.5. Uma avaliação da segunda fase de Porchat ...................................................pg.130 2.4. O debate em torno de Porchat ...........................................................................pg.131 2.4.1. Críticas Amplas .............................................................................................pg.132 2.4.2. Críticas Específicas ........................................................................................pg.137 Conclusão.................................................................................................................pg.141 Terceiro Capítulo – Fogelin e o Problema do Conhecimento Introdução ................................................................................................................pg.142 3.1. Conhecendo as peças fundamentais: As raízes de Robert Fogelin ...................pg.142 3.1.1. Uma breve apresentação de Robert Fogelin ..................................................pg.142 3.1.2. As influências de Fogelin ..............................................................................pg.144 3.1.2.1. Sexto Empírico ...........................................................................................pg.144 3.1.2.2. David Hume ................................................................................................pg.145
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