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TITLE Internaticnal Standard Classification of Occupaticns. Revised Editicn 1968. INSTITUTION International Labour Cffice, Geneva (Switzerland). Put Late ES Note 361p. Available frcm Internaticnal Labor Office, Washington Branch, 917 15th Street, N.W., Washington, E.C. 200CE ($5.00)

ELLS Price ELRS Price ME$1.50 HC$18.15 Descriptors *Classification, International Programs, *Occupational Information, *Cccupations, *Technical Education, *Vocational Education Identifiers *Internaticnal Standard Classification

Abstract The Internaticnal Standard Classification of Occupaticns was developed to provide a systematic basis for presentaticn cfcccuFaticnal data relating tc different countries in crder to facilitate international ccmFariscns. A seccnd objective was tc provide a system which developing countries cculd use in formulating their national occupational classificaticns. Occupaticns are classified at the major group level, miner group level, and unit level. The basic principle cf classificaticn is the type of work perfcrmed and represents broad fields cf wcrk rather than specific types cf wcrk. The minor groups and unit groups provide summary classifications suitable fcr organizaticn and presentaticn cf statistical data, such as those derived frcm manpower inquiries and population censuses. The more detailed classificaticn, which has been develcped by the Internaticnal Labour Cffice, subdivides the unit groups into occupations cr occupational categories bearing fivedigit code numbers and is intended to serve such purposes as the organization of employment placement office records. (Author /CE)

D reN 4.0 INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE 01 C2 CZ Lirl

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD CLASSIFICATION OF OCCUPATIONS.

REVISED EDITION 1968

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE

OFFICE OF EDUCATION

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE

PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT. POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS

STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDUCATION

POSITION OR POLICY.

Air Nute, fialblAti AS1,5 1919-1969 GENEVA 1969 I.L.O. publications can be obtained through major booksellers or I.L.O. local offices in many countries, or direct from the International Labour Of (Sales Sectio:i), 1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland.The catalogue and list of booksellers and local offices will be sent free of charge from the above address.

Printed in Switzerland by Atar S.A., GenOve PREFACE

This volume, International Standard Classification of Occupations (revisededition, 1968), replaces that issued in 1958 and reprinted in 1962. The history of the development of the International Standard Classification of Occu- pations (ISCO) reaches back some 20 years.The first concrete step towards its establishment as a basic tool for organising occupational information forinternational purposes was the adoption of a provisional classification (comprising nine major groups) by theSeventh International Conference of Labour Statisticians, which was convened by the International Labour Organisation in 1949.The publication of the first edition of the International Standard Classification of Occupations in 1958 was the culmination of a very difficult task which could be accomplished only through a long and intensive internationaleffort. Many governments contributed by lending expert staff to the I.L.O. and helpingin many other respects.International organisations also gave valuable assistance. A similar collaborative effort marked the work on revision of ISCO, which beganin 1964 with the dispatch of a questionnaire to governments and other interestedparties, requesting their views and recommendations regarding revision of ISCO. Many valuable suggestions were received and many have been implemented in this edition. With a view to issuing an improved and up-to-date ISCO in advance of the 1970 round of population censuses, preliminary draft proposals were prepared by the I.L.O. in 1965 and submitted to a meeting of experts.After further development and refinement the draft revised ISCO proposed by the experts was submitted to the Eleventh International Conference of Labour Statisticians,1966.The Conference introduced some further improvements and adopted the list of major, minor and unit groups given in the present volume. ISCO has been developed to provide a systematic basis for presentation ofoccupational data relating to different countries in order to facilitate international comparisons.A second objective, related to the first, is to provide an internationalstandard classification system which countries may use in developing their nationaloccupational classifications, or in revising their existing classifications, with theaim of achieving convertibility to the international system. The minor groups and unit groups provide summary classifications suitablefor organisation and presentation of statistical data, such as those derived from manpowerinquiries, including population censuses.The more detailed classification, which has been developed by the International Labour Office in the form of a subdivision of theunit groups into "occupations" (or occupational categories bearing five-digit code numbers), isintended to serve other purposes, such as the organisationof records of employment placement offices.

In INTERNATIONAL STANDARD CLASSIFICATION OF OCCUPATIONS

Since many countries have made use of ISCO (1958 edition),either for reporting of occupational data or as a basis for development of nationaloccupational classification systems, a conversion table has been included in the presentedition.This table shows unit groups of ISCO 1958 in the left-handcolumn and on the right the corresponding unit groups of the revised ISCO. The mainstructural changes made in revising the classification have also been referred to in the Introduction below, inthe "Notes on Characteristics of Occupational Groups".

Iv CONTENTS

Page PREFACE I INTRODUCTION 1

Structure and Uses of the Classification 1 Basis of Classification of Occupations 3 Titles, Definitions and Codes 6 Expanded Alphabetical List of Titles 7 Notes on Characteristics of Particular OccupationalGroups 9 Notes on Classification of Supervisors, Foremen,Apprentices and Instructors 21

MAJOR, MINOR AND UNIT GROUPS 25 DEFINITIONS OF TITLES:

Major Group 0/1: Professional, Technical and Related Workers 35 Major Group 2: Administrative and Managerial Workers 93 Major Group 3: Clerical and Related Workers 99 Major Group 4: Sales Workers 115 Major Group 5: Service Workers 123 Major Group 6: Agricultural, Animal Husbandry and ForestryWorkers, Fishermen and Hunters 137 Major Group 7/8/9:Production and Related Workers, TransportEquipment Operators and Labourers 149 Major Group X: Workers Not Classifiable by Occupation 265 Armed Forces: Members of the Armed Forces 267

CLASSIFIED LIST OF ISCO TITLESAND CODES 269

CONVERSION TABLE 289

EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL LISTOF TITLES 309

V INTRODUCTION

STRUCTURE AND USES OF THE CLASSIFICATION

The International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) provides a systematic classification structure covering the occupations of the whole civilianworking population.The classification structure has four levels, providing successively finer detail, as follows : major groups (8), minor groups (83), unit groups (284) and occupationalcategories (1,506).The classification system is completed by definitions given for each of the 1,881 titles. The decimal method of coding adopted in this system identifies each classinto which a coded and defined occupational categoryfits; for example "typist" is found in major group 3Clerical and related workers; minor group3-2Stenographers, typists and card- and tape-punching machine operators; in unit group 3-21Stenographers, typistsand teletypists; and in occupational category 3-21.40Typist. The major groups comprising ISCO, together with the supplementarymajor category (without a code number) to cover Armed Forces, are as follows :

Code Title No. 0/1 Professional, Technical and Related Workers. 2 Administrative and Managerial Workers. 3 Clerical and Related Workers. 4 Sales Workers. 5 Service Workers. 6 Agricultural, Animal Husbandry and Forestry Workers, Fishermen and Hunters. 7/8/9 Production and Related Workers, Transport Equipment Operators and Labourers. X Workers Not Classifiable by Occupation. Armed Forces.

A list of major, minor and unit group titles follows this Introduction.The full list of titles classified in code order is given towards the end of the volume.

Use as an International Statistical Standard

The major, minor and unit groups constitute the classification of occupations approved by the Eleventh International Conference of Labour Statisticians(Geneva, 1966) as an international standard for statistical purposes. The objectives which this statistical standard has been designed to serve are--(a) to provide a model for countries developing or revising national classificationsfor use in the 1970 round of population censuses and in other statistical compilationsof occupational

1 INTRODUCTION data; (b) to promote the international comparabilityof statistics; (c) to provide a standard list of occupational groups for international uses,including the exchange of occupational data between countries and the reportingof national occupational data for international publications.In the latter connection, it is specified in "Principlesand Recommendations for the 1970 Population Censuses" 1 that each countryshould report population census data classified according to at least the minor groupsof ISCO.

Other Uses of ISCO

Since, in addition to providing summary or "statistical"classifications in the form of minor and unit groups, ISCO classifies civilianoccupations in considerable detaili.e. in over 1,500 separate categories (referred to below as"occupations" or " five-digit" coded groups)the ISCO system can be used forvarious other international purposes. For instance it can serve to identify in differentcountries comparable occupational categories in connection with programmes of internationalmigration of workers or international programmes of vocationaltraining.In general, since ISCO contains definitions of all its component categories, the ISCO system serves tofacilitate communications between governments, or between persons in differentcountries, each party being able to use it as a common basis of reference.

Development of National Classifications

Some countries, particularly among those in the early stagesof economic development, do not yet have their own occupationalclassification system. Some use, with or without adaptation, the classificat;on of another country, or haveattempted to use ISCO. This is not satisfactory, as a rule, since each country needs aclassification adapted to its own particular situation and requirements. A national classificationshould distinguish separately all occupations of significant importance in the country.Such occupations will frequently be concealed in a broader category in aninternational classification such as ISCO. In many cases, in developed as well as in developingcountries. the classifications at present in use are inefficient because they consist solelyof a list of selected occupational titles, with code numbers but without definitions of the scopeof each title.There is much room for error in applying suchclassifications as the user is frequently uncertain where to classify particular occupations. ISCO can serve as a very useful starting point inconstructing national classification systems.Each ISCO group, its definition and title can beexamined and compared with available or specially collected information relating to thefunctions, duties and tasks of the relevant jobs in the country concerned.In most cases it will be possible to developin this way a satisfactory nationaloccupational classification system comprising asystematic structure of titles and codes with national definitionsof the different titles. A considerable amount of work is necessary, but several objectives canbe pursued simultaneously--namely to produce a standard national classificationadapted to statistical applications, which is

I United Nations: Statistical Papers, Series M, No. 44 (New York,1967).

2 INTRODUCTION also readily convertible to ISCO, and to develop one or more detailed classifications consistent with the standard national occupational classification system but specifically adapted to the needs of the national employment placement service and of other public agencies in the country. In the great majority of cases it should be possible to match the ISCO occupational definitions with national occupational categories which relate to corresponding segments of work, in any case as regards most of the elements of the work performed. The correspondence between ISCO and a particular national occupational structure will be very close in respect of some occupational groups, the type of work performed in the country concerned being almost identical to the descriptions given in the definitions of the relevant ISCO groups. In other cases, since each national occupational structure has its own special characteristics, related to such factors as natural environment (climate, etc.), natural resources exploited, level of economic development, technology and capital equipment employed and work organisation in different enterprises, only the principal tasks performed, or the majority of them, may match those defined in the relevant ISCO groups. It is recognised that for certain purposes, some ISCO five-digit occupations may need to be split into two or more separate categories in a national classification.In particular, some occupations are included in residual groups of ISCO but are of special importance in the national economy and may have to be listed as separate items.Conversely, some ISCO occupational categories are very restricted in scope and refer to specialisations which are non-existent, or virtually non-existent, in some countries (e.g. 0-12.80Nuclear physicist; 0-42.40Ship pilot; 6-22.50--Rice farm worker).In such cases, the occupation may be conveniently placed in a residual group in a national classification, if desired. In order that ISCO can serve the purposes outlined above, an effort is called for on the part of all countries to ensure that, at least in their principal national classification, occupational groups which correspond as closely as possible with those of the international system can be identified.This does not mean that countries should actually adopt ISCO for direct use; the main aim, convertibility, will be achieved in a very large measure if occupational groups in the national classification can be rearranged to conform with ISCO groups, or with combinations of two or more ISCO groups. When revising national occupational classifications, countries will have the opportunity of improving convertibility between their national classification and ISCO.

BASIS OF CLASSIFICATION OF OCCUPATIONS

The basic principle of classification according to type of work performed is applied in ISCO for grouping occupations, but the interpretation to be placedon similarity in type of work performed depends on the particular occupational field considered.In practice, the principle is easier to apply at the level of occupations than at the unitgroup or minor group level.The major groups represent very broad fields of work rather than specific types of work performed.

Minor Groups

As a rule, separate minor groups are provided only where a relatively large number of workers are involved and, consequently, in most cases these groups alsocover a broad

3 INTRODUCTION range of occupations.There are 83 minorgroups in the revised edition of ISCO compared with 73 in the first edition, the increase being accounted for mainlyby some expansion of detail in major groups 0/1, 3, 4 and 5. Since the whole range of vocational activities of civilianworkers, whether in an industrialised or in a developing economy, is covered by the83 minor groups of ISCO, the common occupational characteristics which link together the different unitgroups within a minor group are frequently of a broad or general nature.in addition, the minor groups have been designed to reflect, in largemeasure, the conventional broad groupings which are typical of classifications incurl ent use for statistical purposes, including censuses of the population.

Unit Groups

The remarks above also apply, toa large extent, to the unit groups, since the whole range of occupations is covered in 284 groups.Nevertheless, a good number of unit groups have a relatively narrow scope, especially in majorgroup 0/1Profissional, Tech- nical and Related Workers. Refmement of the unitgroups, which numbered only 201 in the first edition, has been an important feature in therevision of ISCO (see below: Notes on Characteristics of Particular Occupational Groups). To obtainan adequate analysis of the occupational make-up of a well-developedeconomy (even when cross-classifications are made according to branch of economic activity) requiresclassification of workers at least in the detail of the unit groups. A unit group in ISCO is a group of occupations relatedto each other by similarity of the characteristics of the work they entail.It therefore has a certain homogeneity and the occupations it covers are more closely related toone another than to occupations classified in other unit groups. Wherea minor group contains a residual unit group, the latter as a rule does not exhibit to the same degree as the other unitgroups the characteristics of homogeneity and of similarity of work performed inthe different occupations comprising the group. At the unit group level of subdivision the close relationshipbetween types of work performed in the component occupations is reflectedin different ways. For example, in the fields of the physical sciences and life sciences,occupations concerned with thesame basic subject-matter have been brought together,as in the cases of Chemists (0-11), Phy- sicists (0-12), Biologists, zoologists and related scientists (0-51),and Agronomists and related scientists (0-53). On the other hand, all physical science occupationsat the technician level are grouped together inone unit group on the view that the kind of work performed is much the same and distinction by subject-matteris unnecessary.Life science technicians are similarly grouped.The same applies to teaching occupations, whichare distinguished by level (university, secondary, etc.)and not by subject-matter, forpurposes of unit groups. Some unit groups, such as 0-41Aircraft pilots, navigatorsand flight engineers, comprise the occupations of workers who work togetherand whose functions are comple- mentary.In forming unit groups, various other criteria havebeen employed in the application of the basic principle of classification accordingto work performed, for instance executing similar processes (e.g. 7- 28- -Metal platers andcoaters); operating similar equipment (e.g. 7-43Filter and separator operators; 9-85Motor vehicledrivers); performing

4 INTRODUCTION similar services (e.g. 5-32 Waiters, bartenders and related workers); fabricating and repairing similar articles (e.g. 8-42Watch, clock and precision-instrument makers). The unit groups are intended for practical use and therefore account must be taken of the limitations imposed by practical procedures of data collection in censuses and many other types of inquiries.In this connection it should be noted that the information available concerning workers to be classified very frequently does not cover such characteristics as work experience, vocational training, level of performance and supervisoryresponsi- bilitiei in present job, and level of formal education.However, experience has shown that there are large variations in these respects, as well as in others, among workers who are clearly performing the same or a closely related type of work and therefore should be classified in the same occupational group.

Occupations

An "occupation", for purposes of ISCO, is the narrowest occupational category (i.e. the smallest segment of work) which is specifically identified in the classification system. Each occupation has a five-digit code number, a title and a definition which describes the general functions and the principal duties and tasks of the workers classified under the title and code number concerned. These definitions identify a type of work but not specifically the individual worker. The definition of an occupation covers various "jobs" or "positions" which are held by individual workers who perform one or another of the different possible combinations of the tasks described.Workers whose principal tasks are identical may be considered as having the same type of "job", but the workers in a particularestablishment may be further subdivided according to "positions" for purposes such as fixing individual rates of remuneration within the common scale for the job."Positions" are distinguished from one another by minor differences in duties, level ofresponsibility for supervision and other particularities of the work to be performed. The management and supervisory staff of the individual enterprise decide, within certain limitations of a technical or legal or contrac- tual nature, how tasks are to be distributed among its workers, i.e. determine the division of labour.Consequently, classification according to "job" or "position" is a matter for the particular enterprise and goes beyond the scope of a classification according to occupation. The number of occupations identified, coded and defined in the revised ISCO, namely 1,506, is somewhat greater than in the first edition (1,345) because some occupations which were formerly covered in residual categories have now beendistinguished separately and certain other categories have been subdivided.In particular, to meet widely felt needs, more detailed classifications have been provided for teachersand agricultural workers, while subsidiary titles appearing in the first edition (e.g. under "sheet metal worker") have now been given separate code numbers, and new categorieshave been introduced for certain types of supervisors and for general foremen. As mentioned earlier, a particular country may find it useful to refine further the list of occupations given in ISCO. However, there are limits to the usefulness of providing further detail in an international classification since it must retain sufficient flexibility to be able to lend itself to the different circumstances in the various countries.In addition, ISCO is not intended to replace national classifications which may need to reflect specific national requirements.

5 INTRODUCTION

TITLES, DEFINITIONS AND CODES

Titles

In composing the titles of the occupations and groups in ISCO account has been taken of common English usage.In many cases, however, the wide variations in national terminology concerning occupations have made an arbitrary choice unavoidable. An attempt has been made to find titles which reflect the content of the occupation or group and, so far as possible, employ terms which are widely understood in the different regions of the world. Nevertheless, to identify positively the scope of an occupation or group and the types of workers covered, the corresponding definition must be consulted.

Definitions

The definition of an occupation, bearing a five-digit code number, is given in the form of a short opening statement describing the general functions of the occupatiOn followed by an enumeration of the main tasks performed. The enumeration of tasks is replaced in some cases by a cross-reference (usually a reference to the definition of the relevant "general" occupation).Important exclusions are noted, if considered necessary, but exclusions noted under the relevant minor or unit group definition should also be consulted by users of ISCO. The definition may mention possible variations in the way in which the work is performed.Frequently reference is made, in the form of a statement beginning with the word "May", to certain tasks which sometimes are also performed by workers in the occupation but are not necessarily considered as inherent in that occupation. Unit group definitions begin with a brief summary statement, followed by a recapi- tulation of the general functions of the different occupations which comprise the unit group. Minor group definitions as a rule recapitulate the summary opening statements of the unit groups, but frequently in further reduced form to avoid unnecessary repetition.On the other hand, a new feature introduced into the revised edition of ISCO is the presentation, as part .of the minor group definition, of a list of the titles of the component unit groups. Major groups are not defined, strictly speaking, but a brief general description of the types of work covered by the major group is given, followed by a list of the titles of the minor groups which it comprises.

Scheme of Coding within Unit Groups Code numbers of five digits ending in .10 are reserved for "general" occupations within unit groups. Where there are two "general" occupations in the same unit group use is made also of a code number ending in .05.In principle, these refer to occupations requiring performance of a broad range of tasks (though not necessarily continuously), including the tasks described in the definitions of the other occupations in the same unit group.The workers in these occupations are normally versatile and have had considerable experience and training in the field of work concerned; they are often working foremen or have other supervisory duties.

6 INTRODUCTION

A code number of five digits ending in .10 is also used where the occupation is the only one within the unit group and therefore has the same scope as theunit group, thus: 3-52.10 Postmaster (unit group 3-52Postmasters). Code numbers of five digits within the range of codes ending in .11 to £9 are used to designate specific occupations, other than "general", within a given unit group. Depending on the number of occupations to be accommodated, code numbers areselected at intervals of ten (ending in .20, .30, .40, etc.) or at intervals of five (ending in .20, .25, .30, .35, etc.). In a few instances it has been necessary to use smaller intervals.Additional occupations can always be inserted; the codes to be allocated can be chosen from amongthe numbers not already used.Occupations covered in ISCO by a "residual" category (which has a five- digit code number ending in .90) may thus be separately identified if required for particular applications of the classification. Residual categories have titles beginning with the word "Other", which is followed by the unit group title (generally excluding the words "not elewhere classified"), and they always have a code number ending in .90 (e.g. 3-39.90Other bookkeepers, cashiers and related workers). Such residual groups cover all types of work which either are not usually performed by the workers classified in the preceding part of the unit group or correspond with only a small Dart of one of the occupations classified in the preceding part of the unit group. For example, 3-39.90 (mentioned above) includes"rent collector" and "invoice clerk"which could be separately identified, defined and given individual five-digit codes if desired.Also included are "timekeeper" and "change-booth cashier". The functions carried out respectively by a timekeeper, or by a change-booth cashier, for example, are frequently only a small part of the broader functions of, respectively, a payroll clerk (covered in 3-39.30Wages clerk) or of a "cashier" such as 3-31.40Bank teller, 3-31.30Office cashier or 3-31.60Cash desk cashier.

EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TITLES

To assist users of ISCO to find the appropriate classification of different occupational specialisations, an expanded alphabetical list of titles is provided.Although several thousand titles are mentioned, these represent only a small percentage of all the occupational terms in use in the world.In most cases, however, the user will easily find the appropriate place in the classification for a particular occupation.Useful indications will also be obtained, in many cases, if the user turns to the Classified List of ISCO Titles and Codes which follows the definitions.It presents, in numerical sequence according to their code numbers, all the formal titles of ISCOi.e. titles of major, minor and unit groups and of occupational categoriesfor whichdefinitions are provided in the earlier part of the volume. To be able to make the best use of the Expanded Alphabetical List of Titles and Classified List the user should also consult the parts of the Introduction which outline the structure of the classification and its underlying principles and give additional explanatory information regarding the way in which certain types of occupations are classified according to ISCO. Sometimes the user will wish to determine the appropriate place in the classification for an occupational title that is not specifically listed in the ExpandedAlphabetical List of Titles. The following examples illustrate the use of the Expanded Alphabetical List, in con-

7 INTRODUCTION

junction with the Classified List and the definitions of ISCO titles, in suchcases.The question arises as to where "Rating, merchant marine" isto be classified.This title is not indexed under M or R.It is clearly associated with transport bysea and with ships, and it calls to mind such occupational titlesas "seaman", "sailor" and "deck-hand". A search shows the following titles appearing in the ExpandedAlphabetical List: Able seaman, 9-81.30; Ordinary seaman, 9-81.40; Seaman, able, 9-81.30; Seaman, ordinary, 9-81.40; Sail Or (able seaman), 9-81.30; Sailor (ordinary seaman) 9-81.40;Deck-hand, 9-81.40; Ships' deck ratings, bargecrews and boatmen, 9 -81; Transport equipment operators, 9-8.

In the Classified List, under unit group 9-81, ISCO provides the followingcategories: 9-81.20--Boatswain. 9-81.40Ordinary seaman. 9-81.30Able seaman. 9-81.90--Other ships' deck ratings, barge crews and boatmen. The next unit group 9-82Ship's engine-room ratings,covers ship's fireman, ship's oiler and greaser, etc. Therefore, "Rating, merchant marine" would normally be classifiedappropriately in minor group 9-8.However, since "Rating, merchant marine" isa vague term,, which describes a status rather than an occupation, it is not possibleto decide without further information about the worker concerned whether he is classifiablein 9-81 or in 9-82. Another example illustrates the use of definitions in conjunction withthe Expanded Alphabetical List.The question arises as to where "Medical bath supervisor" isto be classified.Entries indexed under M include Medical assistants, 0-62, thoseunder B Bath attendant, 5-70.70.The definition of the latter does not mention medical baths, but merely states that the worker does simplemassage.Moreover, the Classified List shows that unit group 5-70, to which the definition belongs, doesnot contain any medical personnel, but refers to hairdressers, barbers, beauticians and related workers.As regards unit group 0-62, it is clear from the definition that medical bath attendantsare not included among medical assistants.If we consult the Classified' Listonce again we can see that in the same minor group, 0- 6/0-7 Medical, dental, veterinary and relatedworkers, there is a unit group 0-76Physiotherapists and occupational therapisti.Included in the latter are the following: 0-76.20Physiotherapist.; 0-76.30--Occupationaltherapist; C-76.40Masseur. Since medical baths are a form of therapeutictreatment, it would seem likely that the work performed by "medical bath supervisor" would be covered in0-76.20.Reference to the definition of 0-76.20Physiotherapist shows thatamong the tasks performed is to treat patients, according to doctor's prescription, by giving them therapeutic bathsand other forms of hydrotherapy.Hence, medical bath supervisor is classified in 0-76.20. There are three kinds of entries in the Expanded Alphabetical List: (a) the formal titles of ISCO (as given in the Classified List and inthe definitions); (b) inversions of the former (e.g. title: Ableseaman; inversion: Seaman, able); (c) selected additional occupational titles identified byan asterisk to indicate that they do not appear in ISCO proper andas a reminder that the same occupational title may be used to refer to different occupational specialisations in differentcountries; these titles are not formal ISCO titles and should not be usedto report data classified accord-

8 INTRODUCTION

ing to ISCO.Moreover, the user referring to a title in the Expanded Alphabetical List should also consult the ISCO definition bearing the same code number.

NOTES ON CHARACTERISTICS OF PARTICULAR OCCUPATIONAL GROUPS

The following notes, arranged by major group order, are intended to thrbw light on the nature of certain groups and to facilitate the task of the user of ISCO.References are made to the structure of the various major groups, to the rules for classification of certain types of occupations and to important revisions made since the 1958 edition of ISCO. The user of ISCO who wishes to classify occupations should, however, also refer to the more detailed information given in the definitions of occupational groups appearing later. Attention is drawn to the revised arrangement of major groups of ISCO since the 1958 edition.Former major group 5Miners, quarrymen and related workers has been incor- porated in revised major group 71819Production and related workers, transport equipment operators and labourers.Former major group 6Workers in transport and communication occupations has been split up, part being transferred to revised major group 3Clerical workers becoming revised minor groups 3-5 to 3-8, and most of the remainder passed to revised major group 7/8/9, becoming revised minor group 9-8.Former major group 9 has become revised major group 5Service workers, while former major group 4 has become revised major group 6Agricultural, animal husbandry and forestry workers, fishermen and hunters.Since two numerals are now used for major group 0/1Professional, technical and related workers, the former major groups 1, 2 and 3 have been renumbered 2, 3 and 4 respectively. A Conversion Table is given in this volume, preceding the Expanded Alphabetical List, to show the disposition of revised unit groups of ISCO according to the minor and unit group structure in the 1958 edition.

Major Group 0 /1: Professional, Technical and Related Workers This major group contains the greater part of the highly educated and trained personnel who carry out professional functions in scientific, engineering, medical, legal, teaching and other fields.Also included are technicians who generally work under the supervision of the more highly qualified professional workers and perform allied functions.In addition, this major group covers occupations such as those of creative artists, performers and writers, which call for the exercise of individual talents and, in many cases, for creative work. Those performing certain functions covered in this major group may be required by the laws and regulations in force in a particular country to possess a university degree, diploma or other specified qualification.In ISCO, however, qualifications (including educational attainment) have not been used as a basis for classification by occupation: performance of particular duties and tasks takes precedence over possession of formal qualifications. Nevertheless, in the light of local conditions it may be desirable when using the ISCO system for certain specific purposes to also investigate whether the worker possesses the national standard qualifications for a particular occupation before decidingon the category in which he should be classified..

9 INTRODUCTION

It should be noted, however, that many workers with professional qualifications work in occupations where such qualifications are not necessarily required: for example, graduates in law, physical science, medicine, economics or engineering may work as manager, government administrator, technical salesman or newspaper editor and should be classified, according to ISCO, on the basis of the work actually performed. As a general principle, workers undergoing training (as apprentices or learners) are classified with the workers in the occupation being learned, but this rule is not applied to worker-trainees who are in a formal learning status with an employer practising a profession. such as architecture, law, pharmacy or accountancy. Many eventually become "technicians" but do not complete the full theoretical courses needed to qualify for practising on their own account in a profession.Hence they are not classified with fully qualified professional workers but in another occupation which is closely related to that of their employer. For example, trainee nurses are not classified with professional nurses in unit group 0 -71; instead they are classified in unit group 0-72Nursing personnel not elsewhere classified. Similarly, articled clerks in lawyers' offices are not classified as jurists but in unit group 3-93Correspondence and reporting clerks, and articled clerks in accountants' offices in 3-31Bookkeepers and cashiers, not among professional accountants. In order to ensure that users of ISCO will distinguish clearly between nurses performing nursing functions requiring full professional training and other nursing personnel, the title of the unit group includes, as an exception, the word "Professional"thus, 0-71Profes- sional nurses.For the same reason, the title Professional midwives has been used for unit group 0-73.It is clear, however, that a large number of other unit groups in major group 0/1 refer to workers who, as a rule, have undergone professional training in order to be able to perform their work and therefore could equally be described as "professional". Teachers' occupations are classified in three levelsprimary, secondary and third level.The last covers all teaching occupations concerned with instruction at post-secondary level, with the exception of vocational training in manual crafts (such as those covered by apprenticeship and on-the-job trainingsee below: Notes on Classification of Supervisors, Foremen, Apprentices and Instructors). Irrespective of the time actually devoted to teaching by a professor whose principal vocational interest is educating university students, the appropriate classification is in 1-31University and higher education teachers. Not all university professors give courses of lectures but they will as a rule organise courses, supervise lecturers, set examinations and perform other activities related to students' academic work.Also included in unit group 1-31 are private tutors or coaches who give extramural tuition to university students. A part-time professor whose principal occupation is to practise his profession privaiatly (e.g. as a medical doctor, engineer or lawyer) should be classified in the appropriate group along with others performing similar work. Those who specialise in teaching in an educational establishment, whether public or private, such subjects as pictorial art, music, drama and dancing are classified in one of the unit groups of minor group 1-3, according to whether the institution is of primary, secondary or tertiary level. Unit group 1-41Ministers of religion and related members of religious orders includes only persons who perform sacerdotal or other functions closely related to religious worship. Persons in holy orders performing iay occupations such as teacher, nurse, librarian or

10 INTRODUCTION

editor are classified as sucheven though membership of a religious order may sometimes be considered as conferring on thema special status. Changes made in the major group of0/1Professional, technicaland related workers since the first edition of ISCO reflect the widespread interestshown in recent times in an improved classification of "high-level" manpower. In additionto the more detailed subdivision of Teachers (minor group 1-3), there isnow presented a more detailed classification of engineering, medical, mathematical, legal and other categories ofprofessional workers and also of associated technicians.It should be noted that the latter have been placedin the same minor groups as the high-level professional workers withwhom they collaborate in their work.In the 1958 edition science and engineering technicianswere classified together in one unit group (0-X9). The scope of the major group hasnow been enlarged to include 0-4Aircraft and ships' officers, 1-63Photographers andcameramen, and 1-8Athletes, sportsmen and related workers.

Major Group 2: Administrative and Managerial Workers

Major group 2 consists of occupations primarily concernedwith the formulation of policy or laws and public regulations (legislation)and interpretation of government policy, combined with important decision-making ingovernmental and non-governmentalorganisations, and with the direction andmanagement of organisations and enterprises toensure that the desired policies and objectivesare followed.This major group, therefore, hasa comparatively narrow range.Moreover its scope isnarrower than the above general description implies, sincemanagers in some specific types of activity have been classified in other major groups in accordance with specialconventions adopted in ISCO.These are noted below. Also excluded from majorgroup 2 are persons who have been given a title suchas "manager", generally to give them prestige, althoughthey are primarily carrying out professional, technicalor craft functions coupled with some limited responsibility for supervision. Excluded, therefore,are workers responsible for lower-level supervision (e.g. foremen) and middle-level supervision, i.e. workerswith supervisory functions but contributing little to policy formulationor to policy interpretation involving the making of important decisions.(See below: Noteson Classification of Supervisors, Foremen, Apprentices and Instructors.) Elected or appointed officials whose principal occupationis performing legislative functions in central, provincialor local government councils are classified in unitgroup 2-01Legislative officials.Members of legislative bodies whoserve only in a part-time capacity and are principally engaged inanother occupation are classified elsewhere, in the group appropriate to their main occupation.Administrators who advise governmentson policy questions and plan, organise and directgovernment departments and agencies in policy implementationare classified in unit group 2-02Government administrators. However, employees of central and localgovernment and other public authorities whose principal tasks consist of performing professionalwork in engineering, geology, chemistry, agronomy, medicine, law, accountancy, economics, statistics, library organisation,actuarial science and other specialised fieldsare classified in major group 0/1 even though some of

11 INTRODUCTION

them may be responsible for organising and supervising the work of other staff specialised in the same disciplines. Directors and managers of government or semi-government industrial and other undertakings (e.g. mines, factories, railways, hospitals, etc.)are classified in minor group 2-1 along with managers and directors of privately owned enterprises.It should be noted that the latter includes salaried managers, owner-managers (i.e. working proprietors)and also managers who receive, in addition to their salary and allowances, a share of the profitsas part-owners of the enterprise. Certain managers, however, are not classified in minor group 2-1.Farm managers are classified in minor group 6-0Farm managers and supervisors.Other groups of managers excluded from minor group 2-1 are 4-0Managers (wholesale and retail trade) and 5-0Managers (catering and lodging services).Likewise, working proprietors of wholesale and retail establishments, catering and lodging establishments and farmsare classified in minor groups 4-1, 5-1 and 6-1 respectively.Comments on these will be found below in the notes on the major groups concerned.Also classified elsewhere are working proprietors who exercise a professional, technical, craftor service function, whether employing assistants or not.Typical cases are working proprietors practisingas accountant, architect, lawyer, pharmacist or physician; exercising crafts suchas tailor, milliner, cabinetmaker or electrician; or performing service functions suchas those of hairdresser, launderer or undertaker. Since the 1958 edition the nature and the scope of the majorgroup has been changed in several ways.It now includes only public officials and managerial workers who have important responsibilities, including significant policy-making and decision-making functions.It has been narrowed by transfers of the new minor groups 4-0, 5-0 and 5-1 (part) mentioned above, together with Postmasters (now unitgroup 3-52) and Government executive officials (now minor group 3-1).In addition, the basis of subdivision of the major group has been modified. Legislative officials (2-01) and Government administrators (2-02)are allocated separate unit groups since the types of work performed, although related, should be distinguished. As regards managers, three categories have been identified accordingto their functions, and the subdivision made in the 1958 edition of ISCO, basedon type of economic activity of the enterprise, has been discarded. At unit group level, the revised ISCO distinguishes 2-11General managers, 2-12Productionmanagers (except farm) and 2-19Managers not elsewhere classified.The latter may be split into several unit groups, if theuser of ISCO so desires, along the lines of the revised ISCO five-digit categories, but sucha detailed subdivision at unit group level has been considered to be impracticalas an international standard.

Major Group 3: Clerical and Related Workers

This major group covers occupations which are commonly thought ofas "office jobs"; the great majority are primarily concerned with the setting-up and maintenance of records of all kinds relating to financial transactions, other business and industrial operations, personnel, correspondence, routine operations of government departments, andso forth. Also included are those jobs concerned with the handling and routing ofmessages, verbal or recorded, and those concerned with handling cash, often combined with record-keeping

12 INTRODUCTION flinctions.Certain jobs of these types are carried out mainly outside the office to which the worker reports, as in the cases of ticket collectors and conductors on passenger vehicles or postmen on delivery services.Supervisory occupations relating to office work and transport and communications service operations are also included here. Minor group 3-0--Clerical supervisors is intended to cover occupations in which the primary function is to supervise all the office workers in an establishment or in a department of an establishment where several different types of clerical workers are engaged.It covers such jobs as chief clerk, general office; accounts section supervisor; and wages section supervisor.Those who control a group of workers all of whom perform similar work (e.g. chief bookkeeper or typing pool controller) are not included here but are classified in the same occupational category as the workers they control (e.g. among bookkeepers or typists, as appropriate).(See below: Notes on Classification of Supervisors, Foremen, Apprentices and Instructors.) Minor group 3-1Government executive officials was formerly combined with 2-02 Government administrators. The latter now covers only high-level administrators with important policy formulation' and decision-making functions (see major group 2 above). Minor group 3-1 is not subdivided in ISCOonly one unit group and one five-digit category are providedprimarily because of the great diversity of jobs performed by govern ment executive officials in the different countries.Included are central, provincial and local government officials who implement laws, rules and regulations and put into effect government policy decisions, under the direction and supervision of government administrators. Typical occupations covered in minor group 3-1 are inspector (factories, weights and measures, civil service administration, etc.), passport officer, social security claims examiner, committee executive secretary, embassy secretary (diplomatic officer), coroner, censor, civil defence officer, establishments officer, electoral official.Excluded from this minor group are government employees performing professional, technical, craft or service functions, whose type of work determines their classification in other major groups, and those performing occupations classified elsewhere in major group 3.For instance, clerical supervisors in government offices are classified in 3-0; postmasters in 3-52; civil servants who are bookkeepers, stenographers or correspondence clerks (for example) are classified, as appropriate, in other unit groups of major group 3. More detailed subdivision at minor and unit group levels has been provided in revising this major group.In particular, several types of office-machine operators have been distinguished. A new unit group, 3-22Card- and tape punching machine operators, has been added to the former minor group relating to stenographers and typists. A separate minor group, 3-4--Computing machine operators, has been established, including 3-42 Automatic data-processing machine operators.Five new unit groups refer to various categories of clerks who were formerly included in one unit group for Clerks Not Elsewhere Classified.Practical use of these new subdivisions is possible provided the data to be classified are collected in sufficiently precise form and vague entries such as "clerk" (undefined) are not accepted. The scope of the present major group 3 has been enlarged through the transfer of certain occupations from the former major group 6 of the 1958 edition of ISCO. Those transferred here are 3-5--Transport and communications supervisors (including also Post- masters transferred from former major group 1), 3-6--Transport Conductors, 3-7Mail

13 INTRODUCTION

distribution clerks (part relating to postmen and messengers),and 3-8Telephone and telegraph operators.In addition, as noted above, Government executiveofficials have been transferred to revised major group 3.

Major Group 4: Sales Workers Although personnel of the "sales" type are numerous, the rangeof tasks performed in the occupations concerned is comparatively narrow.Major group 4, covering occupations in buying and selling goods, property and services of allkinds, therefore has a limited number of minor and unit groups. The scope of the major group has been enlarged to includeminor group 4-0Managers (wholesale and retail trade). In conformity with the practiceadopted in 1958, minor group 4-1Working proprietors(wholesale and retail trade) is also included.These two minor groups are in a somewhat similar situation in respect of theoccupations they cover. Experience has indicated that there is practical difficulty (particularlyin circumstances where information is not available on the size of the enterprise) indistinguishing between a working proprietor or managerwhose primary function is executing selling tasks (including those of sales supervisor) and one who is mainly occupiedwith managerial tasks.The great majority are engaged in a relatively small independent store or abranch of a chain store, mostly in retail trade, while some workerswith the title of "manager" control only one sales section of a department store.It is therefore preferable to classify all working proprietors and managers in wholesale and retail trade in major group4, even though this will include certain general managers of large stores (in afew cases they might be working proprietors) who, strictly speaking, should qualifyfor classification in major group 2. Recognising that it is often difficult to distinguish wholesale from retailtrading, only one unit group is provided forWorking proprietors (wholesale and retail trade) in the revised ISCO.It should be noted, moreover, that self-employed buyers,manufacturers' agents, insurance agents, real estate agents, auctioneers, streetvendors, canvassers, pawn- brokers, etc., are classified in the minor groups appropriate to thework they perform (i.e. 4-2 to 4-9) and not among Working proprietors (wholesale and retailtrade). One important modification in the classification structure withinthis major group is the creation of a new minor group 4-2Sales supervisors and buyers.Another is the combination of a new unit group, 4-31Technical salesmen and serviceadvisers, with the former minor group, Commercial travellers and manufacturers' agents,which has become a unit group (4-32). Barmen, waiters, lodging-house keepers and similar workers areclassified in major group 5.They are considered to be performing services and are therefore not treated as executing the same kind of tasks as salesmen.

Major Group 5: Service Workers Occupations in this major group are those concerned with performing housekeeping services relating to the everyday needs of families, other groups andindividuals for meals, drinks and other living comforts, cleaning and caretaking services, personal careservices, protective services for persons and property, and other miscellaneous services.

14 INTRODUCTION

Housekeeping and related service supervisors are classified in a separate minor group (5-2), like other groups for supervisors established in the revised ISCO.It will be recalled that, in the 1958 edition of ISCO, managers (including working proprietors) of "boarding houses" and "lodging houses" were classified among service workers in the former major group 9.This principle has now been extended to those conducting hotels, restaurants, etc., and the following minor groups haw been set up: 5-0--Managers (catering and lodging services) and 5-1Working proprietors (catering and lodging services). A parallel may be drawn with the rule applied in the revised ISCO by which both managers and working proprietors in wholesale and retail trade have now been placed in the same major group (see major group 4 above).In the majority of cases the catering and lodging establishments are not large and therefore the managerial tasks performed are of less importance than the other work executed by managers and working proprietors of these establishments. Working proprietors and managers who conduct an establishment to furnish certain types of services are classified, along with other workers in the relevant service occupations, in the following minor groups : 5-6Launderers, dry-cleaners and pressers; 5 -7 Hairdressers, barbers, beauticians and related workers; 5-9Service workers not elsewhere classified. Thus, for example, the manager or working proprietor of a hairdressing establishment is classified in 5-70Hairdressers, barbers, beauticians and related workers; in the case of an undertaker's establishment, he is classified in unit group 5-92Under- takers and embalmers. Workers in protective service occupations (other than members of the armed forces) are classified in minor group 5-8Protective service workers, which includesfire-fighters, policemen, guards and related workers.In a few countries personnel carrying out police and similar functions are, from a legal standpoint, members of the armed forces, but for international comparisons they should be classified in minor group 5-8.Similarly, customs examiners and immigration officials (passport control), who in some countries are organised as special police forces, should be classified in unit group 3-10Government executive officials. Changes in the scope of major group 5 since the 1958 edition of ISCO, in addition to those mentioned above (minor groups 5-0 and 5-1), relate to the transfer from this major group of two former minor groups, namely Athletes, sportsmen and related workers and Photographers and related camera operators.These two minor groups are now covered in major group 0/1.

Major Group 6: Agricultural, Animal Husbandry and Forestry Workers, Fishermen and Hunters

This major group covers a large fraction of the world's labour force.It is numerically the largest in developing countries and it continues to be an important one in some of the economically advanced countries.One of the primary objectives in revising ISCO has been to provide a more detailed subdivision of this major group, particularly at unit group level. The revised classification structure now separates 6-0Farm managers and supervisors from 6-1Farmers. Other workers in agricultural and animal husbandry occupations,

15 INTRODUCTION formerly combined in a single unit group, have been subdivided into nine unit groups (6-21 to 6-29).The chief problem in devising an occupational classification of agricultural workers is that the different categories commonly overlap one another as regards the type of work performed.For purposes of ISCO, the basis for distinguishing unit groups has been that the type of agricultural work performed is differentiated primarily by the type of product.In practice, this corresponds closely with the type of farm on which the work is performed. In ISCO terminology the words "farm" and "farmer" have the widest possible interpretation.They are used with reference to occupations ranging from those performed on small family holdings, where family workers often perform a wide variety of agricultural and animal husbandry tasks, to specialised jobs performed on highly organised plantations and model farms."Farming" is also interpreted to cover such work as growing special crops like mushrooms and beansprouts in cellars, cultivating plants in glasshouses and raising birds, reptiles and pet animals. Landowners who do not themselves conduct an agricultural or animal husbandry establishment are not classified as farmers.Similarly, managers of agricultural investment companies who may exercise administrative control but do not supervise farming operations on the spot are not classified in major group 6 but in major group 2.Managers of machinery pools or of undertakings providing spraying, sheep-shearing or other agricultural services are also classified in major group 2 and not among farm managers. Minor group 6-0Farm managers and supervisors includes general overseers and general farm foremen who are not readily distinguishable from farm managers in some countries.They are similar to Production supervisors and general foremen (minor group 7-0), who work in non-agricultural establishments. Minor group 6-1--Farmers (i.e. working proprietors conducting agricultural and animal husbandry enterprises) has been subdivided into two unit groups: 6-11General farmers and 6-12Specialised farmers. The former are engaged in mixed farming, while the latter concentrate on producing one main type of agricultural product (e.g. field crops, fruits or nursery products) or on one type of animal husbandry (e.g. dairy farming, poultry raising or livestock raising). Minor group 6-2Agricultural and animal husbandry workers covers occupations of specialised farm workers (except farmers, farm managers and supervisors), general farm- hands and agricultural labourers. Excluded from this minor group are workers in agricultural establishments who perform non-agricultural work, for example cooks, bookkeepers, veterinarians, etc. One unit group, 6-28Farm machinery operators, covers workers who are principally engaged in operating mechanical farming equipment for cultivating, planting, harvesting or other purposes.Milker (machine) is classified in 6-25Dairy farm workers. Many farm workers may operate a machine from time to time in the course of their normal duties but they have other tasks which form the principal element of their occupations and hence determine where they should be classified. Unit group 6-21General farm workers relates to workers performing a wide variety of agricultural and animal husbandry tasks.They are found to a certain extent even on large farms but are especially numerous on the smaller multi. product farms.They are not typically associated with one particular type of agricultural product, or with a particular type of animal husbandry, in the same way as workers classified in unit groups 6-22 to 6-27.

16 INTRODUCTION

The latter unit groups relate to field crop farm workers, orchard workers, livestock workers, dairy farm workers, and so forth. It follows from the above method of forming unit groups for farm workers (other than farm machinery operators), that whereas temporary farm workers (including harvest hands) who during the year work on different types of farm are classified in 6-21, other temporary farm workers (including harvest hands) who as a rule work on one particular type of farm are classified in one of the unit groups 6-22 to 6-27, or in 6-29Agricultural and animal husbandry workers not elsewhere classified. Included in unit group 6-29 are workers in occupations concerned with beekeeping; silkworm culture; growing mushrooms; raising frogs, snails, worms, reptiles, mice, pet animals and birds (except poultry); tapping trees (except rubber) for resinor syrup; irrigation of farm land; maintaining parks and sports grounds; cultivating miscellaneous crops such as spices and reeds.Tappers of rubber trees are classified in unit group 6-23. Two unit groups are now provided in minor group 6-3Forestry workers, to separate 6-31Loggers and 6-32Forestry workers (except logging).It is recognised, however, that logging work in some countries is only seasonal or part-time work for other forestry workers and in some circumstances unit group 6-31 may not be needed.Charcoal burners and turpentine distillers in forests are no longer classified here but have been transferred to minor group 7-4. Two former minor groups have been combined to create minor group 6-4Fishermen, hunters and related workers.

Major Group 71819: Production and Related Workers, Transport Equipment Operators and Labourers

This is the largest major group in terms of the number of minor and unitgroups provided and, for most industrialised countries, the proportion of the labour force covered. The occupations covered are those associated primarily with the extraction of minerals, the processing of materials and the fabrication and repair of.-coducts, including buildings and other structures; occupations primarily concerned with operating transport equipment, earth-moving and material handling equipment; and non-agricultural labouring occupations. The main problem with regard to this major group has been to finda means of accommodating occupations which are broadly similar in purpose but whichare executed in different ways because they are carried out under different technologicalcon- ditions in different establishments, especially in developing countries where both traditional and modern technologies exist side by side.In addition, technological development continues to bring about changes in the way work gets done. Essen- tially, these changes are reflected in the replacement of craftsmen by operativesas a result of mechanisation and in greater subdivision of duties.The craftsman or "all- round" man performs a wide range of tasks and functions, making a complete article. The operative, on the other hand, usually performs a narrow range of tasks and functions. Operatives normally specialise in utilising a particular kind of machineor other mechanical equipment, which may be automatic or semi-automatic, and perform repetitive operations. They frequently get most of their training on the job and may change relatively frequently from one set of tasks to another.

17 INTRODUCTION

In addition to craftsmen and operatives,a wide range of other occupations is covered by major group 7/8/9, and in order to make itsstructure more systematic the following arrangement has been designed:

(a) First comes a category thatmay be called "processing occupations".These are concerned mainly with the extraction and processingof minerals and processing of other materials.They require such operationsas earth drilling, crushing, grinding, milling, calendering, refining, combing, soaking, heating, distillingand similar processes used mainly in preparing or making the materials neededfor further use in the production of finished articles. (b) Next are occupations primarily concerned withfurther steps in the production process, which might be termed "fabricating and assembling occupations".These require mainly such operationsas cutting, shaping, sewing, joining, assembling and otherwise fabricating or making complete productsor parts.Occupations concerned with repairing similar items are also included. (c) Another closely allied categorymay be identified as a subgroup of the fabricating occupations in that theyare primarily concerned with assembling materials and manufactured products to erect or repair structures, particularlybuildings. (d) The next category relates to occupations concernedwith operating stationary engines, equipment and vehicles to providepower and to move materials, products and persons from one location to another.Operations performed in these occupations include operating power-generating machinery; operating hoistsand cranes; setting up rigging; operating mechanical shovels, loaders, lumber carriers,graders and stackers; driving railway engines, lorries, buses and other vehicles; and servingas members of ships' crews. Associated with these workersare dockers (longshoremen) and other freight handlers. (e) Labourers (other than mine and farm labourers)form the final part. Although the above-mentioned categories havenot been demarcated by special headings in the Classified List, the titlesare arranged to follow the same sequence. Thus "processing" occupations have been brought togetherin the first part of the major group, followed in the next section by "fabricating" occupations.In the 1958 edition associated minor groups, for instance those relatingto preparing textiles from fibres (former 7-0) and those relating to making productsfrom textiles (former 7-1),were placed in consecutive minorgroups. Because of the nature of the materials,processes and products concerned, some groups do not lend themselves easily to strict application ofthis systematic approach. For example tobacco processers and tobacco product makers remainas one minor group, 7-8.Similarly, occupations in processing food constituents and making foodproducts are found in one minor group, 7-7.Foods are ready for consumption at various stages of manufactureand it is therefore not practicable to make the above-mentioneddistinction at minor group level. In general, the relationships between the occupationsincluded in a particular minor group are reflected in such factors as using similar materials in the work (e.g. fibres,textile piece-goods, leather, metalsor wood), or carrying out similar processes (as in printing occupations), or applying similar skillsor training (as in electrical and electronic equipment making and installing, and electrical wiring).Hence the workers grouped togetherare also generally familiar with particulartypes of tools, machines and techniques.However,

18 INTRODUCTION the scope of ISCO groups does not correspond in any way with that of specific industries as defined in the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities? As mentioned previously, in comments under major group 2, a working proprietor exercising a craft (such as tailor, dressmaker, milliner, baker, cabinetmaker, shoemaker, watch repairer, electrician, automobile mechanic or sign painter), is classified according to the craft in which he is engaged, whether or not he employs any assistants. He may be compared with the working foreman, who participates in the work done by the team under his control and is classified in the same occupation as members of the team.The fact that the proprietor has some other duties, concerned with conducting his own business, does not change his basic occupation. A similar rule applies to those working on their own account in such occupations as piano tuner, taxi owner-driver or car driving instructor. Minor group 7-0Production supervisors and general foremen has been introduced to cover workers whose function is to, organise, control and direct the daily activities of a group of subordinate production and assimilated workers who exercise a number of different but usually related occupations (sometimes including that of subordinate foremen) and who constitute, as a rule, a self-contained operational unit.Regarding the classification of foremen see below: Notes on Classification of Supervisors, Foremen, Apprentices and Instructors. In principle, repairmen are classified in ISCO in the same groups as workers who assemble, make or build the article in question.Only one unit group title in ISCO contains the term "repairmen", namely 8-54Radio and television repairmen.Nevertheless, minor group 8-4Machinery fitters, machine assemblers and precision-instrument makers (except electrical) contains an important class of mechanics whose work is very largely on repairs. Thus, there are unit groups 8-43Motor-vehicle mechanics and 8-44Aircraft engine mechanics, together with a large assortment of other machinery mechanics who are classified in the residual unit group 8-49.Provided in the latter, at the five-digit level of detail, are 14 distinct categories of mechanics concerned with stationary engines and mining, manufacturing, agricultural and earth-moving machinery, office machines, pedal-cycles,etc. Mechanics with an electrical or electronics specialisation are classified in minor group 8-5Electrical fitters and related electrical and electronics workers. Minor group 9-9Labourers not elsewhere classified excludes some types of workers who, for certain types of occupational analysis, might be considered to resemble general labourers.In particular, it does not cover agricultural labourers (classified in major group 6), mine labourers (classified in minor group 7-1), dockers and freight handlers (classified in unit group 9-71) and charworkers, cleaners and related service workers (classified in unit group 5-52).Nevertheless, minor group 9-9 covers a wide range of jobs, illustrated by the following examples: chainman (surveying), park cleaner, street sweeper, ballast man (railway), gravedigger, hod carrier, refuse collector, sanitary man (waste disposal), land clearer, factory cleaner, vehicle washer. The workers included here have little "skill", in the sense that skill implies specialised training, use of machines and handwork tools, etc., but some labourers acquire useful experience which enables them to execute their work with a certain efficiency. Their level of "skill" therefore may be in some cases more or less comparable with that of some workers who are classified in other minor groups. The scope of major group 7/8/9 has been enlarged by certain transfers.Minor group 7-1Miners, quarrymen, well drillers and related workers corresponds to major group 5 1 United Nations: Statistical Papers, Series M, No. 4, Rev. 2 (New York, 1968).

19 INTRODUCTION

of the 1958 edition of ISCO, with minorexceptions.Drivers of vehicles in mines have been transferred to minorgroup 9-8; mine cagemen and operators of hoists in mineshave been transferred to minorgroup 9-7. Another important transfer to majorgroup 7/8/9 consists of Transport equipment operators (now 9-8).This group includes former minorgroups 6-1, 6-3, 6-4, part of 6-5, part of former unit group 6-62 and part of formerminor group 6-9.Details are given in the Conversion Table at the end of thisvolume. A few former unitgroups of minor importance have been suppressed in revisingISCO, for example harness-and saddle makers,jewellery engravers, drivers propellingtheir vehicles (e.g. rickshaws). On the otherhand, the revised ISCO ismore detailed because some former minor and unit groups have been splitup to form new groups which are more homogeneous or more satisfactory in otherrespects.The relationship between the minor and unit groups of the 1958 editionof ISCO and the revised list ofgroups can be seen in the Conversion Table.

Major Group X: Workers Not Classifiedby Occupation

Job-seekers who have not worked beforemay aspire to take up a certain type ofoccu- pation but they cannot be consideredas already having a specific occupation.Hence, in census-type inquiries into the actual occupations ofthe population they must be classified in a group apart.For this purpose ISCO provides unitgroup X-10New workers seeking employment. There are no subdivisions of thisunit .group. For other uses of ISCO, unitgroup X-10 may not be needed. For instance,an employment service may classify job-seekers accordingto the type of work sought,or according to the aptitudes and formal training of the applicants,thus allocating new workers toappro- priate ISCO categories in majorgroups 0/1 to 7/8/9. Unit groups X-20---Workersreporting occupations unidentifiableor inadequately described and X-30--Workersnot reporting any occupationcover persons in the civilian labour force concerning whom insufficientinformation or no information is availableto permit their allocation toone of the preceding groups of occupations. As in thecase of unit group X-10, suchgroups may be necessary in connection with certainuses of the classification (e.g. for reportingcensus data) but not in other applications.In practical work the use of the code numbers X-20and X-30 would permit the preliminaryseparation and listing of the cases where follow-upaction could be undertaken to tryto obtain more complete information. The minor groups in majorgroup X are not intended to cover persons whoare outside the civilian labour force, suchas retired workers, alien diplomatic personnelor non- integrated tribal peoples.Such classes are sometimes identified inpopulation censuses and deniographic surveys; classificationsother than that basedon occupation may be used for this purpose.

Armed Forces ISCO covers the whole economically activepopulation, including the armed forces, in accordance with the recommendations of theUnited Nations Statistical and Population Commissions.In most of its applications, however,ISCO is used in connection with classification of the civilian workingpopulation according to occupationalgroup. The

20 INTRODUCTION final category of ISCO, Armed forces, covers the remainder of the economically active population. Although no code number has been allotted to it, an appropriate code can be adopted when this group is utilised.

NOTES ON CLASSIFICATION OF SUPERVISORS, FOREMEN, APPRENTICES AND INSTRUCTORS

Supervisors Certain minor unit groups of ISCO cover particular kinds of supervisors, i.e. workers whose main functions consist in directing and controlling other workers, principally non-industrial workers.The following have been distinguished: 3-00Clerical supervisors, 3-5Transport and communications supervisors, 4-21Sales supervisors, and 5-20--House- keeping and related service supervisors. Workers classified as supervisors, included in the above-mentioned groups, primarily carry out the function of organising, controlling and directing the daily activities of a group of subordinate workers who exercise a number of different but usually related occupations and who as a rule constitute a self-contained work group.Supervisors in this sense have a position intermediate between managers and heads of particular units or sections doing a specialised type of work (see comments below on head cook, principal bookkeeper, etc.)Supervisors are sometimes referred to collectively as "middle management" and not infrequently they are referred to as "director", "sub-manager", "chief", etc. In addition, Farm supervisor (6-00.30) is identified in ISCO. He is included in unit group 6-00Farm managers and supervisors, since it is often very difficult to distinguish these two categories."Supervisors" on farms are akin to Production supervisors and general foremen (classified in minor group 7-00) who supervise non-agricultural workers engaged on various occupations. Some tasks of a supervisory nature form a part of many occupations.In many cases, however, only the senior or more experienced workers in the occupation have the subsidiary duty of supervising other workers in the same or closely related occupations. This additional duty does not change the essential nature of the occupation. A certain hier- archy of positions, based on level of responsibility for day-to-day direction and control of subordinates working in the same or very closely related occupations is often exemplified, particularly in the organisation of work carried out by professional and technical staff (e.g. chemists, medical doctors, engineers, etc.).The main emphasis is generally or responsibility for the control of the professional or technical quality of the work dont For purposes of classification according to ISCO, such supervisory tasks do not change the worker's basic occupation.Thus, chief chemist is classified among 0-11Chemists, chief medical officer or senior' hospital physician among 0-61Medical doctors, chief highway and street construction engineer among 0-22Civil engineers and chief accountant among 1-10Accountants, etc. A similar procedure applies in classifying the head of a unit. or team all of whose members do more or less the same type of work, even though the head of the unit may be primarily occupied in checking or controlling the work done by those under his control and may not himself directly execute any of the basic work. Here it is considered that the work of the head and that of his staff are not occupationally different, but the head has additional responsibility, namely for the quantity and the quality of the work done.

21 INTRODUCTION

The following are a few examples of the application of this rule.Head waiter is identified as a separate occupation in ISCO (in 5-32.20) but is classified among 5-32 Waiters, bartenders and related workers rather than in unit group 5-20Housekeeping and related service supervisors; similarly, 5-31.20Head cook is classified among 5-31Cooks. In the same vein, principal typist is classified as 3-21.10Stenographer-typist (general) rather than in unit group 3-00Clerical supervisors; similarly principal bookkeeper is classified as 3-31.10Bookkeeper (general).

Foremen

The term "foreman" most frequently describes a worker's status in his occupation rather than a specific occupation.There are two main classes of foremen, classified differently according to the rules adopted for ISCO. First, there are those foremen who, in addition to ast.gning, co-ordinating and controlling work performed by a group of workers all performing similar specialised duties (or closely related tasks), participate themselves in executing the work of the group.This type of foreman is usually a craftsman or other experienced specialised worker who does some of the more difficult work and has been given additional duties of allocating work and controlling its execution.From an occupational point of view, he is assimilated with the workers under his controlpart of the time he performs the same type of work as they do, at other times he is controlling the execution of such work and his status (as foreman) is dependent on his skill and experience in this particular type of work.Accordingly, he is classified in the same group as the workers under his control.For instance, foreman- carpenter is classified among 9- 54 Carpenters, joiners and parquetry workers, and foreman- electrician among 8-55Electrical wiremen. Where more detailed classification is undertaken by applying ISCO five-digit occupational categories, use should be made whenever appropriate of the "all-round worker" category to classify certain foremene.g. a foreman-carpenter who supervises construction carpenters, bench carpenters and parquetry workers should be classified under 9- 54.10 Carpenter (general). If the need arises, foremen of the type described above may be separately identified in classification work by adding a sixth digit to the ISCO code allotted to them, or by some other practical means. The other main type of "foreman" has wider functions and responsibilities.He is generally in charge of an operational unit where workers in various occupations are engaged, sometimes including subordinate foremen. He has organising, controlling and overseeing functions and normally does not participate directly in execution of the work of the unit. He sees that all the work to be done is allocated to others and plans the work programme, the sequence of operations, the use of machinery, etc.In general, he is akin to "Super- visor" (see notes above) and is classified in ISCO in unit group 7-00Production supervisors and general foremen.

Apprentices

Apprenticeship is considered to be a special status within a normal occupation, rather than a unique type of occupation which is filled solely by apprentices.The apprentice

22 INTRODUCTION has the status of a learner of an occupation and, as a rule, has entered a formal agreement with his employer.Whether covered by a written agreement or not, apprentices are classified in ISCO according to the occupation being learned.This means that apprentices in their first year of training and others in a more advanced stage may be classified in the same group.If the need arises, apprentices may be identified separately (and also may be subdivided according to years of training completed) by adding another digit to the ISCO code. Helpers are not treated in the same manner as apprentices.Helpers are workers associated with an occupation by assisting another worker performing the occupation.They are normally classified in ISCO in residual categories, i.e. under five-digit codes ending in ".90", such as 8-73.90Other sheet-metal workers; 9-72.90Other riggers and cable splicers, etc. As mentioned above (see notes on major group 0/1), workers in a formal learning status with an employer who instructs them in a "profession" (such as architecture, law, pharmacy or accountancy) are not classified according to the rule for apprentices.They usually attend specialised courses of study during an extended period of time, in addition to receiving on-the-job training.In ISCO they are not classified among workers practising the profession (i.e. among those who have completed their training and who, as a rule, have obtained a diploma, certificate or licence to practise). They are considered to havea closely related occupation and are classified accordingly (for example as architectural draughtsman, legal clerk, pharmaceutical assistant or bookkeeper).

Instructors

Instructors are workers who are engaged in instructing or teaching other workers at their place of work in the technical aspects and the practical execution of the tasks comprising their occupation.This is commonly known as on-the-job training.Instructors are distinct from foremen, who may give some instruction as a minor part of their duties; they are also distinct from workers whose main occupation is that of teacher ina technical school or similar institution. Instructors are classified in ISCO according to the craft or specialised work in which they instruct.Motor-vehicle driving instructors, for example, are classified in unit group 9-85Motor-vehicle drivers; instructors in carpentry in unit group 9-54Carpenters, joiners and parquetry workers; instructors in fur tailoring in unit group 7-92Fur tailors and related workers; and so on.Instructors may be identified separately, if the need arises, by adding one more digit to the ISCO code number, or by some other means. Persons whose principal occupation consists in giving private instruction in dancing, music, or other arts or crafts outside of a school or similar institution, whether full-time or part-time, are classified in ISCO on the same basis as mentioned above for instructors. Thus private teachers of music or painting are classified as musicians or painters,as the case may be.However, private tutors who prepare school or university students in their normal courses of study are classified in minor group 1-3Teachers.

23 MAJOR, MINOR AND UNIT GROUPS

Major Group 0/1: Professional, Technical andRelated Workers

0-1Physical Scientists and Related Technicians 0-11Chemists 0-12Physicists 0-13Physical scientists not elsewhere classified 0-14Physical science technicians 0-2/0-3Architects, Engineers and Related Technicians 0-21Architects and town planners 0-22Civil engineers 0-23Electrical and electronics engineers 0-24Mechanical engineers 0-25Chemical engineers 0-26Metallurgists 0-27 Mining engineers 0-28Industrial engineers 0-29Engineers not elsewhere classified 0-31Surveyors 0-32 Draughtsmen 0-33Civil engineering technicians 0-34Electrical and electronics engineering technicians 0-35Mechanical engineering technicians 0-36Chemical engineering technicians 0-37Metallurgical technicians 0-38 Mining technicians 0-39Engineering technicians not elsewhere classified 0-4Aircraft and Ships' Officers 0-41Aircraft pilots, navigators and flight engineers 0-42Ships' deck officers and pilots 0-43Ships' engineers 0-5Life Scientists and Related Technicians 0-51Biologists, zoologists and related scientists 0-52Bacteriologists, pharmacologists and related scientists 0-53Agronomists and related scientists 0-54Life sciences technicians 0-6/0-7Medical, Dental, Veterinary and RelatedWorkers 0-61Medical doctors 0-62Medical assistants 0-63Dentists 0-64Dental assistants 0-65Veterinarians MAJOR, MINOR AND UNIT GROUPS

0-66Veterinary assistants 0-67Pharmacists 0-68Pharmaceutical assistants 0-69Dietitians and public health nutritionists 0-71Professional nurses 0-72Nursing personnel not elsewhere classified 0-73Professional midwives 0-74Midwifery personnel not elsewhere classified 0-75Optometrists and opticians 0-76Physiotherapists and occupational therapists 0-77Medical X-ray technicians 0-79Medical, dental, veterinary and related workers not elsewhere classified 0-8Statisticians, Mathematicians, Systems Analysts and Related Technicians 0-81Statisticians 0-82Mathematicians and actuaries 0-83Systems analysts 0-84Statistical and mathematical technicians I I 0-9 Economists 0-90 Economists 1-1Accountants 1-10 Accountants 1-2Jurists 1-21Lawyers 1-22 Judges 1-29Jurists not elsewhere classified 1-3Teachers 1-31University and higher education teachers 1-32Secondary education teachers 1-33Primary education teachers 1-34 Pre-primary education teachers 1-35Special education teachers 1-39Teachers not elsewhere classified 1-4Workers in Religion 1-41Ministers of religion and related member of religious orders 1-49 Workers in religion not elsewhere classified 1-5Authors, Journalists and Related Writers 1-51Authors and critics 1-59Authors, journalists and related writers not elsewhere classified 1-6Sculptors, Painters, Photographers and Related Creative Artists 1-61Sculptors, painters and related artists 1-62Commercial artists and designers 1-63Photographers and cameramen 1-7Composers and Performing Artists 1-71Composers, musicians and singers 1-72Choreographers and dancers 1-73Actors and stage directors 1-74Producers, performing arts 1-75Circus performers 1-79Performing artists not elsewhere classified

26 MAJOR, MINOR AND UNIT GROUPS

1-8Athletes, Sportsmen and Related Workers 1-80Athletes, sportsmen and related workers 1-9Professional, Technical and Related Workers Not Elsewhere Classified 1-91Librarians, archivists and curators 1-92Sociologists, anthropologists and related scientists 1-93Social workers 1-94Personnel and occupational specialists 1-95Philologists, translators and interpreters 1-99Other professional, technical and related workers

Major Group 2: Administrative and Managerial Workers 2-0Legislative Officials and Government Administrators 2-01Legislative officials 2-02Government administrators 2-1Managers 2-11General managers 2-12Production managers (except farm) 2-19Managers not elsewhere classified

Major Group 3: Clerical and Related Workers 3-0Clerical Supervisors 3-00Clerical supervisors 3-1Government Executive Officials 3-10Government executive officials 3-2Stenographers, Typists and Card- and Tape-Punching Machine Operators 3-21Stenographers, typists and teletypists 3-22Card- and tape-punching machine operators 3-3Bookkeepers, Cashiers and Related Workers 3-31Bookkeepers and cashiers 3-39Bookkeepers, cashiers and related workers not elsewhere classified 3-4 Computing Machine Operators 3-41Bookkeeping and calculating machine operators 3-42Automatic data-processing machine operators 3-5Transport and Communications Supervisors 3-51Railway station masters 3-52Postmasters 3-59Transport and communications supervisors not elsewhere classified 3-6Transport Conductors 3-60Transport conductors 3-7Mail Distribution Clerks 3-70Mail distribution clerks 3-8Telephone and Telegraph Operators 3-80Telephone and telegraph operators

27 ft,

MAJOR, MINOR AND UNIT GROUPS

3-9Clerical and Related Workers Not ElsewhereClassified 3-91Stock clerks 3-92Material and production planning clerks 3-93Correspondence and reporting clerks 3-94Receptionists and travel agency clerks 3-95Library and filing clerks 3-99Clerks not elsewhere classified

Major Group 4: Sales Workers 4-0 Managers (Wholesale and RetailTrade) 4-00 Managers (wholesale and retail trade) 4-1 Working Proprietors (Wholesale and RetailTrade) 4-10 Working proprietors (wholesale and retailtrade) 4-2Sales Supervisors and Buyers 4-21Sales supervisors 4-22 Buyers 4-3Technical Salesmen, Commercial Travellers andManufacturers' Agents 4-31Techical salesmen and service advisers 4-32 Commercial travellers and manufacturers' agents 4-4Insurance, Real Estate, Securities and BusinessServices Salesmen and Auctioneers 4-41Insurance, real estate and securities salesmen 4-42Business services salesmen 4-43Auctioneers 4-5Salesmen, Shop Assistants and Related Workers 4-51Salesmen, shop assistants and demonstrators 4-52Street vendors, canvassers and newsvendors 4-9Sales Workers Not Elsewhere Classified 4-90Sales workers not elsewhere classified

Major Group 5: Salim Workers 5-0Managers (Catering and Lodging Services) 5-00 Managers (catering and lodging services)

5-1Working Proprietors (Catering and LodgingServices) 5-10 Working proprietors (catering and lodgingservices) 5-2Housekeeping and Related Service Supervisors 5-20 Housekeeping and related servicesupervisors 5-3Cooks, Waiters, Bartenders and Related Workers 5-31Cooks 5-32Waiters, bartenders and related workers 5-4Maids and Related Housekeeping Service WorkersNot Elsewhere Classified 5-40 Maids and related housekeeping serviceworkers not elsewhere classified 5-5Building Caretakers, Charworkers, Cleaners andRelated Workers 5-51Building caretakers 5-52Charworkers, cleaners and related workers

28 MAJOR, MINOR AND UNIT GROUPS

5-6Launderers, Dry-Cleaners and Pressers 5-60Launderers, dry-cleaners and pressers 5-7Hairdressers, Barbers, Beauticians and Related Workers 5-70Hairdressers, barbers, beauticians and related workers 5-8Protective Service Workers 5-81Fire-fighters 5-82 Policemen and detectives 5-89Protective service workers not elsewhere classified 5-9Service Workers Not Elsewhere Classified 5-91Guides 5-92Undertakers and embalmers 5-99Other service workers

Major Group 6: Agricultural, Animal Husbandry and Forestry Workers, Fishermen and Hunters

6-0 Farm Managers and Supervisors 6-00 Farm managers and supervisors 6-1Farmers 6-11General farmers 6-12Specialised farmers 6-2Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Workers 6-21General farm workers 6-22Field crop and vegetable farm workers 6-23Orchard, vineyard and related tree and shrub crop workers 6-24Livestock workers 6-25Dairy farm. workers 6-26Poultry farm workers 6-27Nursery workers and gardeners 6-28 Farm machinery operators 6-29Agricultural and animal husbandry workers not elsewhere classified 6-3Forestry Workers 6-31Loggers 6-32Forestry workers (except logging) 6-4Fishermen, Hunters and Related Workers 6-41Fishermen 6-49Fishermen, hunters and related workers not elsewhere classified

Major Group 71819: Production and Related Workers, Transport Equipment Operators and Labourers

7-0Production Supervisors and General Foremen 7-00Production supervisors and general foremen

7-1Miners, Quarrymen, Well Drillers and Related Workers 7-11Miners and quarrymen 7-12Mineral and stone treaters 7-13Well drillers, borers and related workers

29 MAJOR, MINOR AND UNIT GROUPS

7-2Metal Processers 7-21Metal smelting, converting and refining furnacemen 7-22Metal rolling-mill workers 7-23Metal melters and reheaters 7-24 Metal casters 7-25Metal moulders and coremakers 7-26Metal annealers, temperers and case-hardeners 7-27Metal drawers and extruders 7-28Metal platers and coaters 7-29Metal processers not elsewhere classified 7-3 Wood Preparation Workers and Paper Makers 7-31 Wood treaters 7-32Sawyers, plywood makers and related wood-processing workers 7-33Paper pulp preparers 7-34 Paper makers

7-4Chemical Processers and Related Workers 7-41Crushers, grinders and mixers 7-42Cookers, roasters and related heat-treaters 7-43Filter and separator operators 7-44Still and reactor operators 7-45Petroleum-refining workers 7-49Chemical processers and related workers not elsewhere classified

7-5Spinners, Weavers, Knitters, Dyers and Related Workers 7-51Fibre preparers 7-52Spinners and winders 7-53 Weaving- and knitting-machine setters and pattern-card preparers 7-54 Weavers and related workers 7-55Knitters 7-56Bleachers, dyers and textile product finishers 7-59Spinners, weavers, knitters, dyers and related workers not elsewhere classified

7-6 Tanners, Fellmongers and Pelt Dressers 7-61Tanners and fellmongers 7-62Pelt dressers

7-7 Food and Beverage Processers 7-71Grain millers and related workers 7-72 Sugar processers and refiners 7-73Butchers and meat preparers 7-74 Food preservers 7-75Dairy product processers 7-76Bakers, pastrycooks and confectionery makers 7-77Tea, coffee and cocoa preparers 7-78Brewers, wine and beverage makers 7-79 Food and beverage processers not elsewhere classified 7-8 Tobacco Preparers and Tobacco Product Makers 7-81Tobacco preparers 7-82Cigar makers 7-83Cigarette makers 7-89 Tobacco preparers and tobacco product makers not elsewhere classified

30 MAJOR, MINOR AND UNITGROUPS

7-9Tailors, Dressmakers, Sewers,Upholsterers and Related Workers 7-91Tailors and dressmakers 7-92 Fur tailors and related workers 7-93Milliners and hatmakers 7-94Patternmakers and cutters 7-95Sewers and embroiderers 7-96Upholsterers and related workers 7-99 Tailors, dressmakers,sewers, upholsterers and related workers not elsewhereclassified 8-0Shoemakers and Leather Goods Makers 8-01Shoemakers and shoe repairers 8-02 Shoe cutters, lasters,sewers and related workers 8-03Leather goods makers 8-1Cabinetmakers and Related Woodworkers 8-11Cabinetmakers 8-12 Woodworking-machine operators 8-19Cabinetmakers and related woodworkersnot elsewhere classified 8-2Stone Cutters and Carvers 8-20Stone cutters and carvers 8-3Blacksmiths, Toolmakers and Machine-ToolOperators 8-31Blacksmiths, hammersmiths and forging-pressoperators 8-32 Toolmakers, metal pattenunakers and metalmarkers 8-33Machine-tool setter-operators 8-34Machine-tool operators 8-35Metal grinders, polishers and tool sharpeners 8-39Blacksmiths, toolmakers and machine-tooloperators not elsewhere classified 8-4 Machinery Fitters, Machine Assemblers andPrecision Instrument Makers (exceptElectrical) 8-41Machinery fitters and machine assemblers 8-42 Watch, clock and precision instrumentmakers 8-43 Motor vehicle mechanics 8-44Aircraft engine mechanics 8-49 Machinery fitters, machine assemblersand precision instrument makers(except electrical) not elsewhere classified 8-5Electrical Fitters and Related Electrical andElectronics Workers 8-51Electrical fitters 8-52Electronics fitters 8-53Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers 8-54 Radio and television repairmen 8-55Electrical wiremen 8-56 Telephone and telegraph installers 8-57Electric linemen and cable jointers 8-59 Electrical fitters and related electrical andelectronics workers not elsewhereclassified 8-6Broadcasting Station and Sound EquipmentOperators and Cinema Projectionists 8-61Broadcasting station operators 8-62 Sound equipment operators and cinemaprojectionists 8-7Plumbers, Welders, Sheet Metal and StructuralMetal Preparers and Erectors 8-71Plumbers and pipe fitters 8-72 Welders and flame-cutters 8-73Sheet-metal workers 8-74Structural metal preparers anderectors

31 MAJOR, MINOR AND UNIT GROUPS

8-8Jewellery and Precious Metal Workers 8-80Jewellery and precious metal workers 8-9Glass Formers, Potters and Related Workers 8-91Glass formers, cutters, grinders and finishers 8-92Potters and related clay and abrasive formers 8-93Glass and ceramics kiliunen 8-94Glass engravers and etchers 8-95Glass and ceramics painters and decorators 8-99Glass formers, potters and related workers not elsewhere classified 9-0 Rubber and Plastics Product Makers 9-01Rubber and plastics product makers (except tire makers and tirevulcanisers) 9-02 Tire makers and vulcanisers 9-1Paper and Paperboard Products Makers 9-10 Paper and paperboard products makers 9-2Printers and Related Workers 9-21Compositors and typesetters 9-22 Printing pressmen 9-23Stereotypers and electrotypers 9-24 Printing engravers (except photo-engravers) 9-25 Photo-engravers 9-26 Bookbinders and related workers 9-27Photographic darkroom workers 9-29Printers and related workers not elsewhere classified 9-3Painters 9-31Painters, construction 9-39Painters not elsewhere classified 9-4Production and Related Workers Not Elsewhere Classified 9-41Musical instrument makers and tuners 9-42 Basketry weavers and brush makers 9-43Non-metallic mineral product makers 9-49Other production and related workers 9-5Bricklayers, Carpenters and Other Construction Workers 9-51Bricklayers, stonemasons and tile setters 9-52Reinforced-concreters, cement finishers and terrazzo workers 9-53Roofers 9-54Carpenters, joiners and parquetry workers 9-55Plasterers 9-56Insulators 9-57Glaziers 9-59Construction workers not elsewhere classified 9-6Stationary Engine and Related Equipment Operators 9-61Power-generating machinery operators 9-69Stationary engine and related equipment operators not elsewhere classified 9-7Material-Handling and Related Equipment Operators, Dockers and Freight Handlers 9-71Dockers and freight handlers 9-72Riggers and cable splicers 9-73Crane and hoist operators 9-74Earth-moving and related machinery operators 9-79Material-handling equipment operators not elsewhere classified

32 MAJOR, MINOR AND UNIT GROUPS

9-8Transport Equipment Operators 9-81Ships' deck ratings, barge crews and boatmen 9-82Ships' engine-room ratings 9-83Railway engine drivers and firemen 9-84Railway brakemen, signalmen and shunters 9-85Motor vehicle drivers 9-86 Animal and animal-drawn vehicle drivers 9-89Transport equipment operators not elsewhere classified 9-9Labourers Not Elsewhere Classified 9-99Labourers not elsewhere classified

Major Group X: Workers Not Classifiable by Occupation X-1 New Workers Seeking Employment X-10 New workers seeking employment X-2 Workers Reporting Occupations Unidentifiable or Inadequately Described X-20 Workers reporting occupations unidentifiable or inadequately described X-3 Workers Not Reporting Any Occupation X-30 Workers not reporting any occupation

Armed Forces: Members of the Armed Forces

33 MAjORGROUP 0/

PROFESSIONAL, TECHNICALAND RELATEDWORKERS

Workers in this major groupconduct research and applyscientific knowledge to the solution of avariety of technological,economic, social and industrial problems and perform otherprofessional, technical, artisticand related functions in such fields as the physicaland natural sciences,engineering, law, medicine, religion, education, literature, art,entertainment and sport. They are classified in the minor groupslisted below: 0-1 Physical scientists andrelated technicians. 0-2/0-3 Architects, engineersand related technicians. 0-4 Aircraft and ships'officers. 0-5 Life scientists andrelated technicians. 0-6/0-7 Medical, dental, veterinaryand related workers. 0-8 Statisticians, mathematicians,systems analystsand related technicians. 0-9 Economists. 1-1 Accountants. 1-2 Jurists. 1-3 Teachers. 1-4 Workers in religion. 1-5 Authors, journalistsand related writers. 1-6 Sculptors, painters,photographers and related creativeartists. 1-7 Composers andperforming artists. 1-8 Athletes, sportsmenand related workers. 1-9 Professional, technicaland related workers notelsewhere classified.

0-1 PHYSICAL SCIENTISTSAND RELATED TECHNICIANS

Workers in this minor group conduct pureand applied research and developpractical appli- tasks, in the field of the physical cations of scientific knowledge, orperform related auxiliary technical science, such as organic, sciences.They normally specialise in aparticular branch of physical inorganic, physical or analyticalchemistry, mechanics, heat, light,sound, electricity and magnetisni, and they may special- electronics, nuclear physics, geophysics,geology, meteorology and astronomy, military or other particular fields. ise in developing practicalapplications in medical, industrial, They are classified in the unit groupslisted below: 0-11Chemists. 0-12Physicists. 0-13 Physical Scientists NotElsewhere Classified. 0-14 Physical Science Technicians. 3/35 0/1

0-11- 0-12.10

0-11Chemists 0-11.40Physical Chemist. Conducts research into relationships between chemical Workers in this unit group conduct researchand physical properties of substances to increase knowl- in such fields as organic, inorganic, physical andedge of physical aspects of chemical phenomena or to analytical chemistry. develop or improve materials, products or industrial Their functions include: processes: performs tasks similar to those of Chemist (general) conducting pure research to increase scientific (0-11.10) but specialises in the application of physi- knowledge in the field of chemistry; cal laws and methods to the study of chemical behav- conducting applied research and development iour as in electrochemistry, thermochemistry, radiation chemistry, surface chemistry, corrosion science work to test, develop and improve materials, and crystallography, where such techniques as spec- products and industrial processes; troscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermomagnetic analysis performing chemical tests and analyses for and electron microscopy are employed. process and quality control; May specialise in particular field of physical chemistry developing analytical methodology and tech- and be designated accordingly. niques. 0-11.50Analytical Chemist. Metallurgists are classified in unit group 0-26, Carries out chemical tests and analyses of substances Biochemists and Pharmacologists in 0-52 andand develops and improves analytical methodology Pharmacists in 0-67. and techniques: performs tasks similar to those of Chemist (general) 0-11.10Chemist, General. (0-11.10)but specialisesin analytical chemistry, Conducts chemical experiments, tests and analyses to carrying out qualitative and quantitative analyses to investigate chemical phenomena, to test, develop or determine chemical and physical composition and improve materials and products and to control or develop properties of substances; formulates improved ana- industrial processes: lytical methods based on observations and conclusions conducts experimentstodetermine composition, of experimentation and develops improved analytical properties and interactions of substances and their techniques and instrumentation in such fields as chro- reactions to changes in heat, light, pressure and other matography, spectroscopy, spectrophotometry and physical factors; applies known principles, methods microporosity measurement. and techniques of chemistry to discover and develop May specialise in organic or inorganic analysis, or in new products, new uses for existing products and new maintenance of chemical quality standards of materials methods of production; performs chemical tests and products and be designated accordingly. and analyses for process and quality control. 0-11.90 Other Chemists. 0-11.20 Organic Chemist. This group includes chemists not elsewhere classified, Conducts chemical experiments, tests and analyses for example those who specialise in the development and on substances of which main element is carbon, to technical control of the manufacture of pharmaceutical investigate chemical phenomena, to test, develop or products. improve materials and products of to control or develop Pharmacologist is classified in 0-52.70 and Pharmacist industrial processes: in 0-67.10. performs tasks similar to those of Chemist (general) (0-11.10) but specialises in organic chemistry, investi- 0-12Physicists gating such questions as the composition, constitution, reactions and syntheses of dyes, paints, petroleum, Workers in this unit group conduct research rubber, textiles and other carbon-based substances. into physical phenomena in such fields as mecha- May specialise in organic chemistry of particularnics, heat, light, sound, electricity and magnet- material or product and be designated accordingly.ism, electronics and nuclear physics. 0-11.30 Inorganic Chemist. Their functions include: Conducts chemical experiments, tests and analyses conducting pure research to increase scientific on substances free or relatively free of carbon toinves- knowledge in the field of physics; tigate chemical phenomena, to test, develop or improve conducting applied research to develop or materials and products, or to control or develop industrial improve industrial, medical, military and other processes: practical applications of the laws and theories performs tasks similar to those of Chemist (general) (0-11.10)but specialisesininorganic chemistry, of physics. investigating such questionsasthepreparation, properties, structure and reactions of metals, ores, 0-12.10Physicist (General). gases, acids, salts and other relatively carbon-free Conducts research into physical phenomena to increase substances. scientific knowledge and to develop and improve mater- May specialise in particular field of inorganic chem-ials, products and industrial and other processes: istry, such as study of a particular element or class performs experiments, tests and analyses to investigate of compounds or of inorganic chemistry of a particu- structure and properties of matter, transformation lar product and be designated accordingly. and propagation of energy, relationships between

36 0/1

0-12.20 - 0-13

matter and energy and other physical phenomena in 0-12.60Electricity and Magnetism Physicist. fields such as mechanics, heat, light, sound, electricity Conducts research into nature and properties of elec- and magnetism, electronics and nuclear physics; tricity and magnetism to increase scientific knowledge experiments todiscover and developindustrial, or to develop or improve materials, products or industrial medical, military and other practical applications of and other processes: laws and theories of physics; applies mathematical techniques to express and analyse observations and performs tasks similar to those of Physicist (general) to formulateconclusions;relatesconclusionsto (0-12.10) but specialises in electricity and magnetism, known laws of physics or proposes new theories to investigating the sources, generation and transmission explain them. of electrical energy, the magnetic properties of materials and the generation, transmission and reception 0-12.20Mechanics Physicist. of electromagnetic waves, as in electrostatics, piezo- Conducts research in the field of mechanics to inves- electricity and the design and development of elec- tigate physical phenomena or to develop or improve trical machinery and equipment. materials, products or industrial and other processes: May specialise in a particular area of electricity and performs tasks similar to those of Physicist (general) magnetism, such as problems associated with the (04210) but specialises in mechanics, investigating design and development of electricity generating plant. the action of forces on bodies, as in ballistics, aero- dynamics, hydrodynamics, theology, high-pressure 0-12.70Electronics Physicist. and high-vacuum techniques and vibration and elas- Conducts research into nature and behaviour of ticity measurement. electrons to increase scientific knowledge or to develop May specialise in particular area of mechanics, such or improve materials, products or industrial and other as development of rocket control systems, and be processes: designated accordingly. performs tasks similar to those of Physicist (general) (0-12.10) but specialises in electronics, investigating 0-12.30 Heat Physicist. the mobility, effects and characteristics of electrons; Conducts research into nature and effects of heat to applies results of experimentation to the design and increase scientific knowledge or to develop or improve development of electronic equipment in such fields as materials, products or industrial and other processes: communications, industrial and office automation and weapons control. performs tasks similar to those of Physicist (general) (0-12.10) but specialises in heat physics, investigating May specialise in a particular area of electronics, such the measurement, development, transmission and as solid-state electronics. effects of heat, as in thermodynamics, heat transmission and insulation, high- and low-temperature effects 0-12.80Nuclear Physicist. and heat radiation. Conducts research into structure and characteristics May specialise in particular area of heat physics, such of atoms, molecules and nuclei to increase scientific as reduction of heat loss in engines, and be designated knowledge or to discover practical applications of accordingly. atomic, molecular and nuclear physics: performs tasks similar to those of Physicist (general) 0-12.40Light Physicist. (0-12.10) but specialises in atomic, molecular or Conducts research into nature and effects of light to nuclear physics, investigating properties of atoms increase scientific knowledge or to develop or improve and molecules and decay of radioactive nuclei; materials, products or industrial and other processes: conducts experiments to discover practical applications performs tasks similar to those of Physicist (general) of atomic, molecular or nuclear physics in industrial, (0-12.10) but specialises in light physics, investigating medical, military or other fields. the sources, propagation and effects of light, as in May specialise in particular area of nuclear physics illumination, spectroscopy, colometry, optics, photo- such as radioisotopes. graphy and polarisation. May specialise in a particular area of light physics, 0-12.90Other Physicists. such as design of new and improved optical devices, This group includes physicists not elsewhere classified, and be designated accordingly. for example those who conduct research into structure 0-12.50Sound Physicist. and properties of matter in solid state; or specialise in pure research and formulate theories based on analysis Conducts research into nature and effects of sound to of established data to explain relationships between increase scientific knowledge or to develop or improve observed physical phenomena and to explain previously materials, products or industrial and other processes: unobserved phenomena, or predict results of experiments performs tasks similar to those of Physicist (general) designed to detect and measure them. (0-12.10)but specialises in sound physics, investigating the propagation, transmission, reproduction and vibrationeffectsof sound, as in ultrasonics, 0-13Physical Scientists Not Elsewhere architectural acoustics, sound insulation, suppression, Classified amplification and recording of sound and echo- sounding. Workers in this unit group conduct research May specialise in a particular area of sound physics and develop practical applications in areas of such as the generation and application of ultrasonic the physical sciences not covered by those vibrations. classified elsewhere.

37 0/1

0-13.20 - 0-13.50

and history of rocks and sediments; applies theoretical Their functions include: knowledge and research data to locate and assess conducting research into the physical nature development potential of mineral, gas, and oil deposits of the earth, the nature and history of the earth's and underground water resources; applies geological crust and the physical nature and propertiesof knowledge to problems encountered in civil engineering projects such as construction of dams, bridges, the atmosphere and the forces affecting it, and tunnels and large buildings; prepares geological maps developing practical applications in such fields and diagrams of regions studied, using aerial photo- as radio communications, waterconservation, graphs where available. mineralexploitation,civilengineering and May specialise in a particular area of geology and be weather forecasting; designated accordingly. observing and interpreting celestial phenomena 0-13.40Meteorological Scientist. and developing practical applications in such Conducts research into physical nature and properties fields as navigation and space exploration; of the earth's atmosphere and the forces affecting it to examining, analysing and classifying minerals increase scientific knowledge and to develop practical and advising on the likely commercial yieldofapplications such as weather forecasts: mineral deposits containing gems and precious studies composition, structure and dynamics of the atmosphere, investigating the direction and speed of stones. air movements, air pressures and temperatures, humidity and other phenomena; investigates the nature 0-13.20Geophysical Scientist. of solar and terrestrial (infra-red) radiation and its Conducts research into physical nature of earth, effects on the atmosphere; studies physical nature including its atmosphere and hydrosphere, toincrease and properties of solid and liquid particles suspended scientific knowledge and to develop practicalapplica- in the atmosphere, investigating such phenomena as tions in such fields as radio communications, water the process of cloud formation and precipitation and conservation, volcanology and mineral exploration: electrical disturbances; conducts experiments in fog investigatesand measuresseismic,gravitational, dispersal, rainmaking and other types of weather electrical, thermal and magnetic forces affecting earth control;studiesdata on atmospheric conditions and optical and acoustic phenomena in the atmosphere; obtained from meteorological stations to prepare computes shape, weight, size and mass ofearth and weather maps and forecasts for advice of aviation, estimates composition and structure of itsinterior; shipping, agriculture and others; studies climatic studies nature and activity of volcanoes, glaciers and conditions of earth, or of particular regi6n, by ana- earthquakes; charts earth's magnetic field and applies lysing meteorological observations made over extended data obtained to practical problems in suchfields periods of time, and makes long-range forecasts; as radio broadcasting andnavigation; studies and employs balloons, rockets and artificial earth satellites measures physical properties of the sea,such as and such techniques as spectroscopy, hygrometry, density, temperature, light and sound conductivity daylight and infra-red photography, radar and radio and flow patterns of tides and currents, andinvesti- to obtain data on atmospheric conditions,and directs gates relationships between sea and atmosphere,such processing of the data. as the exchange of thermal energybetween them; May specialise in particular area of meteorological studies structure of rock formations to locate mineral, science, such as the structure of the outer atmosphere gas and oil deposits using physicaland electrical and how it is affected by solar and cosmicradiation. testing instruments such as seismograph and magneto- meter; studies distribution, disposition anddevelop- 0-13.50Astronomical Scientist. ment of waters and of land areas for floodcontrol, Observes and interpretscelestial phenomena to soil and water conservation, water supply, water increase scientific knowledge and to developpractical power, drainage, irrigation andother inland waterapplications in such fields as navigation and space projects; establishes fixed points on earth's surface exploration: for navigational chart- and map-making. studies galaxies, stellar systems, the sun and other May specialise in a particular area of geophysicsand stars, planets and their satellites and othercelestial be designated accordingly. phenomena using optical and radio telescopes equipped with cameras, spectrometers, radiometers,photo- 0-13.30Geological Scientist. meters, micrometers and other specialinstruments Conducts research into nature and history of earth's to determine such characteristics as theirsizes, masses, crust to increase scientific knowledge and todevelop shapes, composition, structures, temperatures,lumi- practical applications in such fields as mineralexploi- nosity and motions; computes relative positionsand and tation and civil engineering: calculates orbits of celestial bodies observed, prepares mathematical tables for useby air and sea studies composition and structure of earth's crust, navigators showing positions relative to earth at given examining rocks, minerals and fossil remains ofplants times of sun, moon, planets and stars; conducts and animals to identify processesaffecting develop- of evolution of past life and research into such problems as theory of motions ment of the earth, trace celestial bodies, relationships between time and space, establish nature and chronology ofgeological formations; studies form of earth's surface and nature and evolution and structure of stars, stellar systems and the universe. and effects of forces which changeit, such as erosion, glaciation and sedimentation; explores sea bed, maps May design optical, mechanical and electronicin- its topography and studies itscomposition, structure struments for astronomic research. Maydesign special

38 0/1

0-13.90 - 0-2/0-3

astronomic research equipment for use in space inorganic, physical and analytical chemistry, for such probes and artificial earth satellites and interpret purposesasinvestigatingchemical phenomena, the data obtained. May specialise in particular area determining composition and properties of substances, of astronomic science and be designatedaccordingly. discovering and developing new chemical products, new uses for existing products or newmethods of 0-13.90Other Physical Scientists. production,orcontrollingindustrialprocesses; This group includes other physical scientists not sets up equipment for experiments andweighs, elsewhere classified, for example those whospecialise measures, mixes, filters or otherwise prepares mater- in examining, analysing and classifying minerals(includ- ials; applies knowledge of principles of chemistry ing gems and precious stones) or advising on thelikely to recognise, study and suggest solutions toproblems commercial yield from mineral deposits containing gems encountered; records observations and conclusions and precious stones. of tests, analyses and experiments, makes calculations, prepares charts and writes reports. 0-14Physical Science Technicians May maintain laboratory and other equipment. Workers in this unit group perform auxiliary 0-14.30Physics Technician. technical tasks, normally under the direction Performs auxiliary technical tasks, normally under and supervision of physical scientists, in connec- direction of physicist, in connection with pure research tion with research in the physical sciencesand into physical phmomena or applied physics research the development of industrial, medical,military and development work: assists with orunder supervisionperforms experi- and other practical applications. ments, tests and analyses in the field of mechanics, Their functions include: heat, light, sound, electricity and magnetism, elec- preparing materials and equipment for experi- tronics, nuclear or other branch of physics to investigate the structure and properties of matter, trans- ments, tests and analyses; formation and propagation of energy, relationships assisting with or under supervisionper- between matter and energy and other physical phe- forming experiments, tests and analyses in such nomena or to develop industrial, medical,military or fields as physics, chemistry, geology, geophysics, other practical applications; sets up equipment for experiments and weighs, measures or otherwise pre- meteorology and astronomy; pares materials; applies knowledgeof principles of applying knowledge of scientific principles to physics to recognise, study and suggest solutions suggest solutions to problemsencountered; to problems encountered; records observations and taking records, making calculations, preparing conclusions of tests, analyses and experiments, makes charts and graphs and writing reports. calculations, prepares charts and writes reports. May maintain laboratory and other equipment. 0-14.20Chemistry Technician. Performs auxiliary technical tasks, normally under 0-14.90Other Physical Science Technicians. direction and supervision of chemist, in connection This group includes physical science technicians not with pure research into chemical phenomena or applied elsewhere classified, for example those who perform chemical research and development work: auxiliary technical tasks in connection with research assists with orunder supervisionperforms tests,and development work conducted by geological, geo- analyses and experiments, in such fields as organic, physical, meteorological and astronomic scientists.

0-2/0-3 ARCHITECTS, ENGINEERS AND RELATED TECHNICIANS Workers in this minor group design buildings and supervisetheir construction; plan and co-ordinate development of urban areas; plan, design andsupervise landscaping; study, design, advise on and supervise the construction of civil engineering structures;study, advise on and develop plant, equipment and processes in electrical, electronic,mechanical, chemical, mining and other engineering fields and carry out technical supervisory functionsin connection with the manufacture, construction, installation, operation, maintenance and repairof such plant and equipment; develop and control processes for extraction of metals fromtheir ores, study properties of metals, develop new alloys and advise onmetallurgical problems; study, develop and advise on the promotionof efficient, safe and economic utilisation of personnel, materials andequipment; study, plan and advise on the routing and control of roadtraffic; make trigonometric surveys of the earth's surfaceand underground areas; prepare technical drawings and maps andperform other technical tasks, normally under supervision, contributory to the work described in the foregoing.They are classified in the unit groups listed below:

39 0/1

0-21 - 0-21.40

0-21Architects and Town Planners. 0-22Civil Engineers. 0-23Electrical and Electronics Engineers. 0-24Mechanical Engineers. 0-25Chemical Engineers. 0-26Metallurgists. 0-27Mining Engineers. 0-28Industrial Engineers. 0-29Engineers Not Elsewhere Classified. 0-31Surveyors. 0-32Draughtsmen. 0-33Civil Engineering Technicians. 0-34Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technicians. 0-35Mechanical Engineering Technicians. 0-36 Chemical Engineering Technicians. 0-37Metallurgical Technicians. 0-38Mining Technicians. 0-39Engineering Technicians Not Elsewhere Classified. Workers with architectural and engineering qualifications frequently are occupied mainlyin administrative or managerial work (minor group 2-1), or as teachers (minor group 1-3), patent agents (unit group 1-99) or technical salesmen (unit group 4-31) and areclassified accordingly.

0-21Architects and Town Planners 0-21.30 Town Planner. Plans layout and co-ordinates development of urban Workers in this unit group design and super- areas: vise the construction of buildings; plan layout arranges and supervises collection of data on economic, and co-ordinate development of urban areas ; social, physical and other factors relative to development of area; analyses data to ascertain nature, and plan, design and supervise aesthetic land- extent and rate of area's growth and development; scaping for parks, road development and other consults with appropriate specialists and prepares projects. plans for area development, including zoning of industrial, commercial and residentialareas and location of recreational, educational and other community facilities; examines specific proposals affecting 0-21.20Building Architect. area development and makes recommendations or Designs buildings and exercises general supervision decisions thereon. over their construction: May also plan and co-ordinate development of rural consults with client to ascertain type and style of areas. building required and advises on cost, design, materials, building time and other relevant considerations; designs building, co-ordinating structural and orna- 0-21.40Landscape Architect, mental features with regard to local regulations and Plans and designs aesthetic layout of land areas for architectural styles, and prepares drawings or scale such projects as parks and other recreational facilities, models to show appearance of completed building; roads, commercial, industrial and residential sites and prepares detailed plans and specifications for use of public buildings: builders;exercisesgeneralsupervision over and consults with clients, engineers and architects on over- inspects construction work to ensure that building all programme; studies site conditions such as nature is erected according to specifications. of soil, vegetation, rock features, drainage and loca- May draw up bills of quantities for use of builders tion of buildings; designs landscape, harmonising and undertake surveying tasks during construction. improvements with existing land features and buildings May plan and supervise alterations and repairs to and proposed structures; prepares working drawings, buildings. May specialise in particular types of build- specifications and cost estimates for landscaping, ings. including vegetation to be planted and other related Building construction engineeris classified in 0-22.20. site development work; supervises landscaping to

40 0/1

0-22 - 0-22.55

ensure that work is carried outaccording to speci- May design, construct, maintain and repair bridges, fications. viaducts,tunnels and other roadway structures. May specialise in a particular type oflandscape May specialise in construction of particular type of architecture such as parks landscaping. road and be designated accordingly. 0-22.35Aerodrome Construction Engineer. 0-22Civil Engineers Designs airports and landing strips and plans, organises Workers in this unit group carry out researchand supervises theirconstruction, maintenance and and advise on civil engineering problems,design repair: dams, performs tasks similar to those of Civil engineer projects and structures such as bridges, (general) (0-22.10) but specialises in airport design docks, roads, airports, railways, wastedisposal and the construction, maintenance and repair of systems, flood control systemsand industrial aeroplane runways; consults with Building construc- and other large buildings, and plan,organise tion engineer (0-22.20) to co-ordinate design and construction of hangars, control towers and other and supervise their construction, maintenance airport structures. and repair. 0-22.40Railway Construction Engineer. 0 -22.10Civil Engineer (General). Designs railroads, terminals and other railway struc- Carries out research, designs and advises on structures tures and plans, organises and supervises their construc- such as bridges, dams, docks, roads, airports,railways, waste disposal and flood control systems andindustrial tion,, maintenance and repair: and other large buildings, and plans, organisesand performs tasks similar to those of Civil engineer supervises their construction, maintenance andrepair: (general) (0-22.10) but specialises in design, construction, maintenance and repair of railway roadbeds, studies project, assesses broad requirements, examines yards, terminals and other railway structures and in site and determines most suitable location for structure; calculates stresses and strains implicit in or laying, maintenance and repair of railway tracks. affecting proposed structure, taking account of such May design and supervise construction, maintenance factorsasestimated load, water pressures, wind and repair of railway bridges, viaducts and tunnels. resistance, temperature fluctuations and nature of May survey rail traffic problems and recommend building materials to be used; consults with other measures for improving efficiency andsafety of specialists, such as mechanical, electrical and chemical railway system. engineers and building and landscape architects, regardingtechnical andaestheticrequirements; 0-22.45Bridge Construction Engineer. designs structure and prepares cost estimates, working Designs bridges and plans, organises and supervises plans and specifications, indicating types of materials, their construction, maintenance and repair: earth-moving, hoisting and other equipment required; performs tasks zimilar to those of Civil engineer consults with clients, own management and govern- (general) (0-22.10) but specialises in design, con- ment authorities to secure approval ofplans; prepares struction, maintenance and repair of fixed, swing, work schedules and directs operations aswork bascule and other bridges and related structures such proceeds; plans, organises and supervises mainten- as viaducts and road overpasses. ance and repair work on existing structures. 0-22.50Sanitary Engineer. 0-22.20 Building Construction Engineer. Designs engineering structures and equipment related Designs structures of large buildings and plans,to public health and hygiene, such as are requiredfor organises and supervises their erection, maintenancewater-supply and waste-disposal systems, and plans, and repair: organises and supervises their construction, operation, performs tasks similar to those of Civil engineermaintenance and repair: (general)(0-22.10) but specialisesinstructural performs tasks similar to those of Civil engineer design, erection, maintenance and repair of large (general) (0-22.10) but specialises in design, con- industrial, commercial, public and residentialbuildings, struction, operation, maintenance and repair of water such as factories, concert halls and office and apart- filtration and distribution plants, sewage-disposal ment blocks. systems, garbage-reduction equipment, drainage sys- May specialise in particular type of construction, tems, insect-proof buildings and others constructions such as industrial buildings, and bedesignated related to public health; advises on disposal of accordingly. obnoxious gases, greases, chemicals and other industrial waste. 0-22.30 Highway and Street Construction Engineer. May inspect and regulate sanitary conditions of public Designs highways and streets and plans, organises places, such as markets, parks and camps. and supervises their construction, maintenance and repair : 0-22.55Hydraulics Engineer. performs tasks similar to those of Civil engineer Designs hydro-power, water supply, irrigation, inland (general)(0-22.10) but specialises in design, con- and of municipal, waterways and related projects and plans, organises struction,maintenance and repair sltpervises their construction, maintenance and repair: ruralor trunk roads; consults with government officials and other specialists in designing efficient performs tasks similar to those of Civil engineer and safe road traffic systems. (general) (0-22.10) but specialises in design, construc-

41 0/1

0-22.60 - 0.24

tion, maintenance and repair of dams and other 0-23.10Electronics Engineer (General). structures and equipment for hydroelectric power Carries out research on electronics engineering prob- projects, canals and locks, irrigation, land drainage lems, designs and advises on electronic devices and equip- and flood control systems, reservoirs, pumping sta- ment andplans and supervises their development, tions and other structures and equipment for control construction, installation, operation, maintenance and and use of water. repair: May specialise in particular area of hydraulic engineer- studies operating requirements for radio, television ing, such as irrigation systems, and be designated and radar equipment, telecommunications installa- accordingly. tions, automatic control and guidance systems and other electronic equipment, and engages in research 0-22.60Soil Mechanics Engineer. and development work; performs other tasks similar Examines soils and ascertains their effect on construc- to those ofElectrical engineer (general) (0-23.05). tion work and suitability as building materials: takes samples of surface and subsurface soils for 0-23.20 Power Generation Engineer. analysis;calculates andadviseson foundations Studies, designs and advises on electricity generating required for construction projects, required slopes of systems and plant and plans and supervises their con- cuttings and thicknesses of soil dams and retaining struction, operation, maintenance and repair: walls, and other applications of soil mechanics to performs tasks similar to those ofElectrical engineer construction work; prepares specifications of soil (general)(0. 23.05)but specialisesinelectricity mixtures to be used for roads, embankments and generating systems and plant. other constructions. 0-23.30 Power Distribution and Transmission Engineer. 0-22.90 Other Civil Engineers. Studies, designs and advises on systems and equip- This group includes civil engineers not elsewhere ment for transmission and distribution of electric power classified, for example those who perform tasks similarand plans and supervises their development, construc- to those ofCivil engineer(general)(0-22.10)buttion, maintenance and repair: specialise in the design, construction and maintenance performs tasks similar to those ofElectrical engineer of tunnels, wharves, docks and harbour breakwaters, (general) (0-23.05)but specialises in systems and lighthouses, chimney stacks, towers and pylons; or in equipment for transmission and distribution of electric the dredging of harbours and ship channels. power.

0-23Electrical and Electronics Engineers 0-23.40 Telecommunications Engineer. Workers in this unit group carry out research Studies, designs and advises on telecommunications on electrical and electronics engineering prob- systems and equipment and plans and supervises their lems, design and advise onelectricaland development, construction, installation, operation, main- electronic systems and equipment, plan and tenance and repair: supervise development, construction, installa- performs tasks similar to those ofElectronics engineer (general) (0-23.10)but specialises in telephone and tion,operation, maintenance and repair of telegraph systems based on Ene nr radie communica- electrical and electronic equipment. tion.

0-23.05Electrical Engineer (General). 0-23.90 Other Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Carries out research on electrical engineering prob- This group includes electrical and electronics engineers lems, designs and advises on electrical systems and not elsewhere classified, for example those who perform equipment, and plans and supervises their development, tasks similar to those ofElectrical engineer (general) construction, installation, operation, maintenance and (0-23.05)orElectronics engineer (general)(0-23.10) repair: but specialise in the design, production, operation or studies operating requirements for electric power maintenance of particular apparatus or products such generation and distribution equipment, industrial and as electronic calculating and data-processing equipment; domestic electrical machinery and appliances andradar, radio or television; signalling and automatic other electrical equipment, and engages in research control systems; electric traction equipment; electric and development work; advises employer, associates motors; domestic electrical appliances; or other electrical or clients on electrical engineering matters; consults or electronic apparatus (excluding power generation, with specialised electrical engineers, electronics, civil transmission and distribution and telecommunications and mechanical engineers, physicists and industrial equipment). designers, as necessary; designs systems and equip- timt, prepares working drawings and specifications 0-24Mechanical Engineers indicating materials to be used and method of manufacture, and frequently supervises technical aspects of Workers in this unit group carry out research manufacturing pro.. sses; estimates labour, materials on, design and advise on mechanically function- and other costs of manufacture, installation, operation, ing plant and equipment, such as machine tools, maintenance andrepair;supervisesinstallation, maintenance and repair of electrical equipment andengines, vehicles, heating, ventilating and refri- checks completed work to ensure compliance with gerating installations, and plant and equipment specifications and safety standards. for the release, control and utilisation of nuclear

42 0/1

0-24.10 - 0-24.85

energy, and plan and supervise their develop- neering; consults with Ship construction engineer ment, manufacture, construction, installation, (0-24.50) to co-ordinate design of vessel. operation, maintenance and repair. A marine engineer who is a member of a ship's crew is classified in unit group 0-43. 0-24.10Mechanical Engineer (General). 0-24.50Ship Construction Engineer. Carries out research on, designs awl advises on mecha- Studies, designs and advises on the hulls and super- nically functioning plant and equipment, and plans and structures of ships and other vessels, and plans and super- supervises their development, manufacture, construc- vises their development, construction, maintenance and tion, installation, operation, maintenance and repair: repair: studiesoperatingrequirementsformechanically performs tasks similar to those of Mechanical engineer functioning plant and equipment such as machine (general)(0-24.10) but specialises in design and tools, engines, vehicles, heating, ventilating and refri- construction of ships and other vessels; consults gerating plant, and plant and equipment for the with Marine engineer (0-24.40) to co-ordintze design release, control and utilisation of nuclear energy, and of vessel. engages in research and development work; advises May specialise in particular type of vessels such as employer, associates or clients on mechanical engi- warships, cargo ships or passenger liners. neering matters; consults with other specialists, such as physicists, metallurgists, electrical engineers and 0-24.60Aeronautical Engineer. industrial designers; designs plant and equipment, Studies, designs and advises on airframes, under- prepares working drawings and specifications, indicat- carriages and other equipment for aircraft, and plans ing materials to be used and method of manufacture, and supervises their development, construction, main- and frequently supervises technical aspects of manu- tenance and repair: facturing processes; estimates labour, materials and other costs of manufacture, installation, operation, performs tasks similar to those of Mechanical engineer maintenance and repair; supervises installation, main- (general)(0-24.10) but specialises in aeronautical tenance and repair of mechanically functioning plant applications;consults with aero-enginespecialist and equipment and checks completed work to ensure (classified in 0-24.30) to co-ordinate design of aircraft. compliance with specifications and safety standards. May specialise in particular type of aircraft, such as helicopters or cargo, passenger or military aircraft. 0-24.20Industrial Machinery and Tools Engineer. 0-24.70 Automotive Engineer. Studies, designs and advises on machinery and tools for manufacturing, mining, construction, agricultural Studies, designs and advises on road vehicle bodies, work, printing and other industrial purposes, and plans suspension systems, brakes and other components, and and supervises their development, manufacture, installa- plans and supervises their development and manufacture: tion, operation, maintenance and repair: performs tasks similar to those of Mechanical engineer (general) (0-24.10) but specialises in road vehicles performs tasks similar to those of Mechanical engineer such as passengercars, commercial or military (general)(0-24.10) but specialisesinindustrial vehicles, motor coaches, farm tractors and motor machinery and tools. cycles; consults with automobile engine specialist (classified in 0-24.30) to co-ordinate design of vehicle. 0-24.30Mechanical Engineer(Motors and Engines, except Marine). 0-24.80Heating, Ventilation and Refrigeration Engineer. Studies, designs and advises on steam, internal com- Studies, designs and advises on heating, ventilation bustion and other non-electric motors and engines asand refrigeration systems and equipment, and plans used for propulsion of railway locomotives, road vehicles and supervises their development, manufacture, installa- or aeroplanes, or for driving industrial and other tion, maintenance and repair: machinery, and plans and supervises their development, performs tasks similar to those of Mechanical engineer manufacture, installation, maintenance and repair: (general) (0-24.10) but specialises in systems and performs tasks similar to those of Mechanical engineer equipment for heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (general)(0-24.10) but specialises in motors and industrial structures and commercial, residential and engines. other buildings, and for making ice and cooling May specialise in particular type of engine, such as storage places, including ships' cargo holds. diesel or petrol engines, or area of application, such May perform some functions of Electrical engineer as aeronautics or automobiles. (general) (0-23.05). Engineers specialising in electric motors are classified in 0-23.90. 0-24.85Nuclear Power Engineer. Studies, designs and advises on mechanical plant and 0-24.40Marine Engineer. equipment for the release, control and utilisation of nuclear energy,' and plans and supervises their develop- Studies, designs and advises on ships' propulsion ment, manufacture, installation, maintenance and repair: systems, power plants, heating and ventilating systems, performs tasks similar to those of Mechanical engineer steering gear, pumps and other mechanical and electrical (general) (0-24.10) but specialises in nuclear reactors, equipment, and plans and supervises their development, shielding systems, processing of radioactive materials, construction, installation, maintenance and repair: disposal of radioactive waste and other mechanical performs tasks similar to those of Mechanical engineer engineering problems associated with the exploitation (general) (0-24.10) but specialises in marine engi- of nuclear energy.

43 0/1

0-24.90 - 0-26.30

0-24.90Other Mechanical Engineers. 0-25.90Other Chemical Engineers. This group includes mechanical engineers not elsewhere This group includes chemical engineers not elsewhere classified, for example those who perform tasks similar classified, for example those who perform tasks similar to thoseof Mechanical engineer (general)(0-24.10) to thoseof Chemical engineer (general) (0-25.10)but but specialise in the design, production or maintenancespecialise in the development and efficient utilisation of of particular apparatus or products such as precisionfuels; the design, construction, operation and main- instruments; cameras and projectors; typewriters, desktenance of plant for the physical and chemical transfor- calculators, cash registers and ticket machines; duplicat- mation of matter for the manufacture of a particular ing and copying machines; mechanically functioning type of commodity such as antibiotics, plastics, explosives, medical equipment; or special space vehicles and mecha- rubber or pigments, or of plant for production and nical equipment for space exploration and travel. distribution of fuel gas for industrial, domestic and other purposes. 0-25Chemical Engineers 0-26Metallurgists Workers in this unit group carry out research, develop and advise on processes for producingon Workers in this unit group advise on metallur- a commercial scale the chemical or physical trans-gical problems and develop and controlpro- formation of substances, as in manufacture ofcesses for the extraction of metals from their chemicals, petroleuth derivatives, metals, foodores,study the properties and engineering products and synthetic materials, and designcharacteristics of metals and developnew alloys, appropriate manufacturing plant and plan andand develop and supervise metal manufacturing supervise its construction, operation, mainten-processes for making finished metal products. ance and repair. 0-26.20Extractive Metallurgist. 0-25.10 Chemical Engineer (General). Studies, develops, advises on and controls the applica- Carries out research on chemical engineering prob- tion of processes for the extraction of metals from their lems and develops and advises on processes for pro- ores: ducing on a commercial scale the chemical or physical engages in research to develop new and improved transformation of substances, as in the manufacture of ore reduction and metal refining processes; advises chemicals, petroleum derivatives, metals, food products employer, associates or clients on matters relating and synthetic materials, designs apprnpriate manufactur- to extractive metallurgy; investigates problems in ing plant and plans and supervises its construction, reduction of particular ores to determine methods operation, maintenance and repair: of producing metals of required quality in commercial engages in research relating to chemical and physical quantities; decides, and controls by tests and analyses, transformation of matter on a commercial scale to temperatures, mixtures and other variable factors develop new or improved processes and manufacturing during ore reduction and refining processes. plant, consulting with other specialists such as chemists, May specialise in ferrous or non-ferrous metals or in physicists, mechanical and civil engineers; advises a particular metal. employer, associates and clients on chemical engineering matters; designs new or improved manufactur- 0-26.30Physical Metallurgist. ing plant and specifies sequence of physical trans- Studies properties of metals and alloys, develops formation operations such as heating, cooling, crushing, new alloys and advises on and supervises technical mixing, separating, distilling and filtering, and chemical aspects of metal and alloy manufacture and processing: processing such as by hydrolysis, oxidation, electrolysis, polymerisation, fermentation, dehydration and studies metals and alloys using such techniques as absorption; supervises construction and installation microscopy, X-ray diffraction and spectroscopy and of plant and inspects and tests completed work to employing tension, compression, impact, fatigue and ensure compliance with specifications and safety other test devices to determine their crystalline struc- standards; plans and supervises operation, mainten- ture, alloy particle dispersion, ductility,. malleability, ance and repair of processing plant; collaborates with weight-strength ratio and other physical character- Chemists(unit group 0-11) and other specialists in istics and engineering properties; advises employer, application of procedures for quality control of raw associates or clients on matters relating to physical materials and products. metallurgy; develops new alloys and new and improved processes for obtaining metals with required character- 0-25.20 Chemical Engineer (Petroleum). istics, consulting with other specialists such as chemists, physicists and engineers; supervises technical aspects Studies, develops and advises on processes for the of metal-making and treating processes such as refining of crude oil, designs appropriate plant and plans melting, alloying, hot- and cold-rolling, casting, forging, and supervises its construction, operation, maintenance drawing, heat-treating and plating; tests metal and and repair: alloy samples, semi-finished and finished articles for performs tasks similar to those ofChemical engineer impurities, fractures and other defects and to ensure (general) (0-25.10)but specialises in the refining of compliance with specifications. crude oil (petroleum) and the production of derivatives May specialise in ferrous or non-ferrous metals, or in such as petrol and paraffin fuels and lubricating oils a particular application of physical metallurgy such and greases. as casting.

44 0/1

0-26.90 - 0-28.10

0-26.90Other Metallurgists. Engineers who specialise in the extraction of minerals from alluvial deposits bysluicing or dredging are This group includesmetallurgistsnot elsewhere classified, for example those who specialise in metallur- classified in 0-27.90. gical problems of radioactive material's. 0-27.40Petroleum and.Natural Gas Engineer. Studies and advises on petroleum and natural gas 0-27 Mining Engineers extraction engineering problems, and plans, orgnises Workers in this unit group carry out researchand supervises the extraction, storage, initial treatment and transportation of petroleum and natural gas: on mining engineering problems, supervise pro- engages in research to develop new and improved specting for minerals such as coal, iron, copper, methods of extraction of petroleum and natural gas; gold, platinum, silver, petroleum, gas, stone, clay, advises employer, associates or clients on matters salt or gems, and plan, organise, supervise and relating to the extraction of petroleum and natural gas; advise on extraction of minerals from the earth studies data from geological and geophysical surveys, consults other specialists such as geologists, geo- and their preparation for distribution or process- physicists and mechanical engineers, and determines ing. drilling site and type of derrick and drilling equipment Workers who specialise in geological and required; plans,organises and supervisesdrilling operations and directs testing of boreholes to deter- geophysical surveys to locate mineral deposits mine pressures, temperatures, strata encountered and are classified in unit group 0-13. other factors; devises methods for bringing wells into production by controlling flow of oil or gas and 0-27.10 Mining Engineer (General). treating oil to remove sediment and water; supervises Carries out research on mining engineering problems, operation and maintenance of producing wells and advises on the extraction of metallic and solid. non- associated storage tanks and pipe transport system; metallic minerals from the earth, supervises mineral compiles logs, production records and other data for prospecting and plans, organises and supervises mineral each well and conducts special studies on subjects mining operations and preparation of minerals for such as salt-water encroachment. distribution or processing: May engage in geological and geophysical surveys to engages in research to develop new and improved ascertain location and size of petroleum or natural methods of mineral extraction; advises employer, gas deposits and economic practicability of extraction. associates or clients on mining engineering matters; supervises exploration and prospecting to locate, 0-27.90Other Mining Engineers. identify and evaluate mineral deposits, makes geo- This group includes mining engineers not elsewhere logical tests and topographical surveys to ascertainclassified, for example those who perform tasks similar location, extent and slope a!' deposits, character ofto those of Mining engineer (general) (0-27.10) but surrounding strata and economic practicability ofspecialise in mining or quarrying solid minerals (other ext-action; consults with other specialists such asthan coal and metallic minerals) such as stone, marble, geologists, metallurgists and civil and mechanicalclay, salt, gravel or diamonds; extracting subsurface engineers;determines mostsuitable method ofwater or sulphur and other solid minerals by drilling extraction and type of machinery and equipment to boreholes; or extracting tin, gold, diamonds or other be used; plans layout and supervises construction ofsolid minerals from alluvial deposits by sluicing and underground shafts and tunnels and surface develop- dredging. ments such as transportationfacilities, water and power supplies and mineral-treating plant; supervises 0-28Industrial Engineers mining or quarrying operations and the separation, cleaning, grading, reduction and other treatment of Workers in this unit group study, advise on mineralspreparatorytodistributionorfurtherand implement methods to promote the efficient, processing. safe and economic utilisation of personnel, 0-27.20Coal-Mining Engineer. materials and equipment. Studies and advises on coal-mining engineering prob- Their functions include: lems and plans, organises and supervises coal-mining studying and advising on the organisation and operations and preparation of coal for distribution: layout of, and methods employed in, production performs tasks similar to those of Mining engineer administrative (general) (0-27.10) but specialises in the mining ofprocesses and commercial and coal and its preparation for distribution. procedures; planning and conducting time and motion 0-27.30Metal-Mining Engineer. studies; Studies and advises on metal-mining engineering developing work measurement methodology; problems and plans, organises and supervises metal- advising on and initiating measures to prevent mining operations and preparation of metallic ores for distribution or processing: industrial accidents and diseases. performs tasks similar to those of Mining engineer 0-28.10Industrial Efficiency Engineer (General). (general)(0- 27.10) but specialises in the mining and preparation for distribution of iron, copper, gold, Studies and advises on the organisation of production lead, silver, tin and other metals. processes and commercial and administrative procedures, 45 0/1

0-28.20 - 0-29.40

plans and supervises time and motion studies and makes studying, designing, developing, controlling recommendations to promote efficiency and supervises their implementation: and advising on processes and plant for the consults with management and supervisory personnel manufacture of bricks, pottery, glassware, foods to ascertain production, business or administrativeor beverages; objectives and to identify problems; studies existing studying, advising on and supervising the or proposed organisation, processes and procedures, application of engineering technology to agri- including product design, plant or officelayout, machine utilisation, materials handling, work alloca- cultural problems; tion, cost accounting, inspection and quality control; studying, planning and advising on the routing plans and supervises detailed time and motion studies and :ontrol of road traffic to promote safety and of particular operations and tasks; analyses andco- minimise congestion. ordinates data obtained and initiates or recommends changes in organisation, work procedures, methods, 0-29.20Ceramics and Glass Technologist. machine utilisation and other factors to achieve more efficient and economic use of personnel, materials Carries out research and advises on, designs, develops and equipment. and controls processes and plant for the manufacture of bricks, pottery and glassware: 0-28.20 Methods Engineer. carries out research into, and develops and designs Analyses industrial, commercial and other projects new and improved processes and machinery for and administrative procedures, makes recommendations manufacturing ceramics and glass; advises employer, regarding organisation, methods of work and sequence associates or clients on the manufacture of ceramic of operations and supervises their implementation: and glass products; tests physical and chemicalpro- studiesspecifications,drawings, plans and other perties of materials and selects required combination material relating to project and identifies essential for type and quality of product; determines speci- operations; determines most efficient and economic fications for baking, glazing, and other manufac- organisation and layout, production methods and turing processes; tests finished products toensure compliance withspecifications concerning texture, commercial or administrative procedures, and itemises colour, durability, glazing, heat resistance and other required sequence of operations; specifies type of characteristics. industrial, office or other machinery to be used. May specialise in a particular type of product and be 0-28.30 Time and Motion Study Engineer. designated accordingly. Studies, develops and advises on work measurement 0-29.30 procedures, plans and supervises time and motion studies, Agricultural Engineer. makes recommendations to promote efficiency and Studies and advises on the application of engineering supervises their implementation: technology to agricultural problems, designs agricul- analyses work procedures and formulates methodology tural machinery, structures and equipment and plans and for studying job methods and measuring worker supervises their manufacture, construction and instal- performance; conducts or plans and supervises time lation: and motion studies, ensuring correct application of studies operating requirements for agricultural machin- established methodology;analysesdata obtained ery, structures and equipment such as farm buildings, from time and motion studies to identify and eliminate electrical services, cultivating, spraying and harvesting unnecessary effort and to establish time and production machines,crop-processingplantandirrigation, standards as a basis for assessing work loads, job drainage and flood control systems, and engages in ratings and wage systems; initiates or recommends research and development work; advises employer, changes in work procedures, job loads and rating associatesorclients on agriculturalengineering and wage systems to achieve more efficient andecono- matters; consults with other specialists such as civil mic use of personnel. and mechanical engineers and agronomists; designs May specialise in motion or time study and be desig- machinery, structures and eauipment and prepares nated accordingly. working drawings and other specifications, indicating material to be used and methods of manufacture and 0-28.90 Other Industrial Engineers. construction; supervises construction or manufacture and installation of structures and equipment and tests This group includes industrial engineers not elsewhere completed work to ensure compliance with specifi- classified, for example those who specialise in thepre- cations and safety standards. vention of industrial accidents and diseases by identifying potential hazards and developing and introducing safety Engineers specialising in civil, mechanical or other procedures and devices, and those who specialise in theparticular types of engineering problems affecting the efficient layout of industrial plant or commercial estab- agricultural industry are classified elsewhere in minor lishments. group 0-2/0-3. 0-29.40Food and Drink Technologist. 0-29Engineers Not Elsewhere Classified Carries out research and advises on, designs, develops Workers in this unit group perform engineer- and controls processes and plant for the manufacture ing functions not performed by those classified and processing of foods and beverages: elsewhere. engages in research into the manufacture and processing of food and drink, the development of new and Their functions include : improved processes and the design of associated plant 46 0 /1

0-29.50 - 0-31.90

andmachinery;advisesemployer,associatesor 0-31.10Surveyor, General. clients on the manufacture and processing of foods and beverages; analyses raw materials and selects Surveys earth's surface, natural topography and man- required mixtures for type of product; consults with made structures, and underground areas to delineate features and determine exact locations and measurements other specialists such as chemists, mechanical engineers for such purposes as mapmaking, construction work and pa:kaging technologists; determines grinding, and mining: mixing,cooking,fermentation,dehydrationand other processing specifications; tests foodstuffs and studies available maps, plans, deeds, notes and other beverages during and at completion of processing records, calculates survey requirements and plans or manufacture to ensure compliance with specifi- surveys accordingly; conducts surveys to determine cations concerning flavour, colouring, consistency exact locations and measurements of points, eleva- and other characteristics. tions,lines, angles, areas, volumes, contours and other features of land surfaces, underground or under- 0-29.50Traffic Planner. water areas and buildings, using theodolites, compasses, plane tables and other surveying instruments; Studies, plans and advises on the routing and control records data obtained, verifying accuracy by calcu- of road traffic to promote safety and minimise congestion: lations, and makes sketches of area surveyed; pre- consults with highway construction engineers and pares detailed reports and drawings. other specialistsconcerned withtrafficplanning problems; conducts surveys to determine directions and volumes of traffic flows and to detect congested 0-31.20 Land Surveyor. conditions, and notes possible alternative routing Surveys land surfaces to determine boundaries and and traffic control systems; evaluates available data exactlocations,delineate topographicfeatures and concerning load-bearing capacities of roads andman-made structures and otherwise measure land areas bridges and feasibility of road-widening and otherfor such, purposes as mapmaking and construction structural alterationsinrelationto present and work: estimated future traffic loads; plans and conducts performs tasks similar to those of Surveyor (general) experimental alternative routing and control schemes (0-31.10) but specialises in land surveying. designed to improve safety for road users and pedes- trians and relieve traffic congestion; analyses results of experiments, prepares reports and submits recom- 0-31.30 Mine Surveyor. mendations concerning road facilities, traffic routing Surveys mines and delineates surface and underground and control systems. features to control direction and extent of mining: 0-29.90Other Engineers. performs tasks similar to those of Surveyor (general) (0-31.10) but specialises in mining surveying, delin- This group includes engineers not elsewhere classified, eating surface and underground features of coal, for example those who study, design, develop, control ore and other mines for such purposes as calculating and advise on processes and plant for the manufacture locations and volumes of deposits, driving and con- or processing of textiles, leather products, wood or necting underground shafts and passages and making paper. plans of workings. 0-31Surveyors 0-31.40Hydrographic Surveyor. Workers in this unit group survey the earth's Surveys sea, river and lake beds to delineate under- surface,natural topography and man-made water topographic features for such purposes as chart structures, and underground areas, and prepare making, determining navigable channels and planning maps and charts. construction and repair of harbours, piers, breakwaters Their functions include: and other marine structures: performs tasks similar to those of Surveyor (general) surveying land surfaces to determine bound- (0-31.10) but specialises in hydrographic surveying. aries and exact locations, delineate topographic features and otherwise measure land areas for 0-31.50Photogrammetrist. such purposes as mapmaking and construction Analyses photographs and survey data to prepare and work; revise topographic maps and charts: surveying mines and delineating surface and prepares original and revises existing topographic underground features to control direction and maps and charts from aerial and other photographs, extent of mining; applying standard mathematical formulae and photo- grammetric techniques to identify, scale and orient surveying sea, river and lake beds for such ground control points, elevations and other topo- purposes as chart making, determining navigable graphic features. channels and planning construction of marine May prepare relief models of areas photographed. structures; analysing aerial photographs to prepare or 0-31.90Other Surveyors. revise topographic maps and charts. This group includes surveyors not elsewhere classified, Quantity surveyor is classified in 0-33.20 and for example those who specialise in planning and con- valuation surveyor in unit group 4-43. ducting aerial photographic surveys.

47 0/1

0.32 - 0-32.70

0-32Draughtsmen performs taskssimilar to those of Draughtsman (general)(0-32.10)but specialisesinpreparing Workers in this unit group prepare technical working drawings and detailed specifications for the drawings and maps and copy drawings and paint- manufacture, installation and wiring of electrical ings onto printing plates. machinery andappliances,switchgear,electronic equipment and other electrical products. Their functions include: May specialise in preparing working drawings for preparing working drawings from designers' manufacture and installationof electronic equip- sketches and specifications for such purposesas ment and be designated accordingly. manufacture and installation of machinery and 0-32.40 equipment or for construction of buildings, Civil Engineering Draughtsman. bridges, dams, roads and other civil engineering Prepares working drawings from designer's sketches and specifications for use in civil engineering projects: projects; preparing topographical, political, economic, performs tasks similar to those of Draughtsman (general)(0-32.10)but specialisesinpreparing nautical and other maps and charts from survey working drawings and detailed specifications for the and other data; construction of bridges, dams, tunnels,railways, drawing technical illustrations for reference roads, industrial and other large buildings, waste disposal and flood control systems and other civil works, brochures and technical manuals dealing engineering projects. with assembly, installation, operation, mainten- May specialise in preparing working drawings for ance and repairof machinery and other construction of large steel-framed or reinforcedcon- equipment; crete structures and be designated ascordingly. copying drawings and paintings onto stoneor metal plates for printing. 0-32.50Architectural Draughtsman. Prepares working drawings from architect's sketches 0-32.10Draughtsman, General. and specifications for construction of buildings: Prepares accurate working plans and detailed drawings performs taskssimilar to those of .Draughtsman for engineering, construction, manufacturing or other (general)(0-32.10)but specialises in preparing projects, based on designer's sketches and specifications, working drawings and detailed specifications for the and prepares charts and working drawings for other construction of buildings. purposes: examines designer's sketch and specifications and 0-32.60Cartographical Draughtsman. makes necessary supplementary calculations of dimen- Prepares maps and charts from survey and other sions, surfaces, volumes and other factors; correlates data: the calculated dimensions of parts of the product compiles data from surveys,aerialphotographs, or structure, and consults designer regarding design reference maps, land titles, and other records con- adjustments that appear necessary; prepares accurate cerning nature of topography, location of boundaries, working and detailed drawings, making use of knowl- communications networks or other items to be edge of materials, manufacturing processes, construc- represented on map or chart; determines suitable tion and engineering practices to show all necessary scales and reduces information selected for map or specificationsfor manufacture of machinery and chart according to scales adopted; prepares, revises equipment, for construction of buildings, bridges, and copies topographical,political, climatic, eco- dams, roads and other civil engineering projects. nomic, sociological, nautical and othermaps and charts. 0-32.20Mechanical Draughtsman. May specialise in a particular type of map or chart Prepares engineering working drawings from design- and be designated accordingly. er'ssketches and specificationsfor manufacture of machines, mechanical devices and related products: 0-32.70Technical Illustrator. performs tasks similar to those of Draughtsman (general)(0-32.10)but specialisesinpreparing Draws technical illustrations for brochures, reference working drawings and detailed specifications for the works and technical manuals dealing with assembly, manufacture of jigs and tools, machinery, engines,installation, operation or use, maintenance and repair motor vehicles, aeroplanes, ships, gearing and sus-of machinery and other equipment: pension systems, pumps and other mechanical devices examines machine, equipment or product to be and related equipment. illustrated,blueprintsandspecifications,photo- May specialise in preparing working drawings for the graphs or mock-ups, and other relevant material manufacture or construction of particular engineering and extractsnecessarydrafting data; determines products, such as jigs and tools, aeroplanes or ships, draftingmethods and techniquesappropriate to and be designated accordingly. type of illustration required and specified reproduction process; prepares schematic, perspective, sectional, 0-32.30Electrical Draughtsman. exploded and other drawings to show technical features such as functions, relationships and assembly Prepares working drawings from designer's sketches sequences of component parts of object illustrated and specifications for manufacture and installation of or to illustrate methods of operation and adjustment, electrical and electronic machinery and equipment: maintenance procedures and safety precautions.

48 0/1

0-32.80 - 0-33-40

0-32.80Lithographic Artist. ance of buildings and civil engineering structures; Sketches designs in black and white or colour for estimates quantities and costs of building materials preparation of lithographic stones, photo-engraving and and labour required for alternative methods of construction; when method of construction is determined, other printing processes: prepares detailed estimates of quantities and costs reproduces by hand multi-colour designs, each colour of materials and labour required and assists with section separately, and assembles complete sketch preparation of tender; inspects and tests building for photo-engraver; traces designs fortransfer to materials received from suppliers to ensure that wood printing blocks or printingrollers; changes quality standards are maintained; assists with pre- colour and tone values of copy to be reproduced and paration of work schedules,inspects construction adds detail or colour to photographic or lithographic work in progress to ensure compliance with speci- press plates. fications and estimates amount and costs of work May draw material to be lithographed on original done and work remaining; applies knowledge of drawing stone or plate, fill in and touch up solid building and civil engineering theory and practices parts of images and broken lines using pen and to recognise and solve problems arising. tusche (special ink).

0-32.90Other Draughtsmen. 0-33.20Quantity Surveyor. This group includesdraughtsmen not elsewhere classified, for example those who specialise in preparing Estimates quantities and costs of building materials working drawings for the installation of heating andand labour required for execution of construction ventilating systems or preparing maps, diagrams, pro-projects and prepares bills of quantities: files and cross-sections to show geological stratigraphy examines designer's drawings and specifications and and location of mineral deposits. estimates quantities and costs of building materials, labour and services required to execute construction, Civil Engineering Technicians using knowledge of building construction methods, 0-33 range of materials available and current labour Workers in this unit group perform technical costs and practices; prepares billofquantities, tasks, normally under the direction and supervi- describing every item needed for project in detail and indicating the quantities required; visits site periodi- sion of civil engineers, building architects or sur-. cally to estimate value of work completed prior to veyors, contributory to planning and execution issue of certificates for interim payments to contractor; of building andcivilengineeringprojects, examines completed project, makes measurements including new construction, repair and mainten- and calculations, adjusts any variations from original contract and assesses final cost. ance. May analyse comparative advantages and estimate Their funef;c-rs include: costs of using different methods of construction or estimatink, quantities and costs of building different materials. May assist with pricing of tenders materials and labour required for execution of and prepare or check final accounts. construction projects and preparing bills of quantities; 0-33.30Surveyor's Technician. performing technical tasks contributory to Performs technical tasks under direction and supervision of surveyor contributory to execution of surveys execution of surveys and preparation of surveyand preparation of survey reports: reports; assists in field and site surveys, regulates and adjusts representing building architects on construc- survey instruments, and takes and records measure- tion sites to ensure compliance with design ments and other data; performs detailed calculations specifications and maintenance of desired stand- and assists with preparation of survey reports. ards of materials and workmanship; applying knowledge of building and civil 0-33.40Clerk of Works. engineering theory and practices to recognise Represents building architect on constructionsite and solve problems arising in the course ofto ensure compliance with design specifications and main- their work. tenance of desired standards of materials and workmanship: Civil engineering draughtsman is classified in consults with site manager to confirm programme of 0-32.40 and Architectural draughtsman in 0-32.50. work, working levels and building lines; inspects work as project proceeds to ensure compliance with 0-33.10Civil Engineering Technician (General). design specifications and maintenance of desired Performs technical tasks, normally under direction standards of materials and workmanship, making and supervision of civil engineer or building architect, practical checks and tests using knowledge of theory contributory to planning and execution of building and and practical techniques of building; reports to and civil engineering projects, including new construction, consults architect on progress and standards of work repair and maintenance: and deviations from original design; transmits in- assists in site investigations, takes and records measure- structions to site manager concerning work necessary ments, tests soil samples and performs detailed calcu- to remedy defects discovered and advises him on lations contributory to preparation of designs and queries arising from design specifications; records specifications for construction, repair and mainten- details of all agreed deviations from original contract.

49 0/1

0-33.90 - 0-35

0-33.90 Other Civil Engineering Technicians. generation, manufacturing process,or other purposes; This group includes civil engineering techniciansnot applies knowledge of electrical engineeringtheory elsewhere classified, for example those who visitdifferent and practices to recognise and solve problemsarising. construction sites to make measurements, tests and observations to ensure that work done and materials 0-34.10Electronics Engineering Technician (General). used conform with specifications, to assistcontractor Performs technical tasks, normally under direction in interpretation of working plans and specificationsand and supervision of electronics engineer, contributory arrange deviations from specifications to meet regula-todesign,development,construction,installation, tions governing construction. maintenance and repair of electronic devices and equipment: 0-34Electrical and Electronics Engineering performs tasks similar to those ofElectrical engineering Technicians technician(general)(0- 34.05)butspecialisesin electronicdevices and equipment such as radio, Workers in this unit group perform technical television and radar equipment, telecommunications installations and automatic control and guidance tasks, normally under the direction andsuper- systems. vision of electrical or electronics engineers, contributory to the design, development,con- 0-34.20Electrical Engineering Technician (High Voltage). struction, installation, maintenance and repair Performs technical tasks, normally under direction ofelectricalandelectronicsystemsandand supervisionof electrical engineer, contributory equipment. to design, development, construction, utilisation,maintenance and repair of high-voltage electricalsystems Their functions include: and equipment: assisting in research and development work performs tasks similar to those of Electricalengineering concerning electrical and electronic systems and technician (general) (0-34.05)but specialises in high- voltage electrical systems and equipment suchas that equipment; used in the generation and distribution of electricity. preparing detailed estimates of quantities and costs of materials and labour required for manu-0-34.30 Telecommunications Technician. facture and installation; Performs technical tasks, normally under direction and supervision of telecommunications engineer, contri- assisting with technical supervision ofmanu- butory to design, development, construction, installation, facture, installation and utilisation, maintenanceoperation, maintenance and repair of telecommunica- and repair of electrical and electronic systemstions systems and equipment: and equipment; performs tasks similar to those ofElectronics engineer- applying knowledge of electrical and electronics ing technician (general) (0-34.10)but specialises in telephone and telegraph systems basedon line or engineering theory and practices to recognise radio communication. and solve problems arising incourse of their work. 0-34.90 Other Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technicians. Electrical fitters, electronics fitters, radio and television repairmen and related workersare This group includes electrical and electronic engineering technicians not elsewhere classified, forexample classified in minor group 8-5. those who perform tasks similar to those ofElectrical engineering technician (general) (0-34.05)orElectronics 0-34.05Electrical Engineering Technician (General). engineering technician (general) (0-34.10)but specialise Performs technical tasks, normally under directionin technical tasks contributory to the design, develop- and supervision of electricalengineer, contributoryment, construction, maintenance and repair, of particu- todesign,development,construction,installation, lar apparatus or products suchas electronic calculating maintenance and repair of electrical systems and equip-and data-processing equipment; radar, radioor tele- ment: vision equipment; signalling and automaticcontrol sets up and carries out experiments, makes tests,systems; electric traction equipment; electric motors; takes readings, performs calculations, adjusts instru- domestic electrical appliances; or other electricalor ments, records observations and otherwise assists electronic apparatus (excluding high-voltage equipment in research and development work concerning electric and telecommunications systems). power generation and distribution equipment, industrial, domestic and other electrical equipment; pre- 0-35 pares detailed estimates of quantities and costs of Mechanical Engineering Technicians materials and labour required for manufacture and Workers in this unit group perform technical installation of electrical equipment and prepares work schedules; exercises technical supervision and control, tasks, normally under the direction andsuper- and gives technical guidance to wo:kers engaged in vision of mechanical engineers, contributoryto manufacture, installation, repair and maintenance ofthe design, development, manufacture, construc- electrical equipment; inspects and tests completedtion, installation, maintenance and repair of work to ensure compliance with specifications and safety standards; inspects and regulates functioningmechanically functioning plant and equipment. of installedelectrical plant employed for power Their functions include:

50 0/1

0-35.10 - 0-36

assisting in research and development work to design, development, construction, maintenance and concerning machine tools,engines,vehicles,repair of aircraft: aeroplanes, heating, ventilating and refrigerating performs tasks similar to those of Mechanical engineering technician(general)(0-35.10)but specialises installations and other mechanically functioning inairframes, undercarriages, braking systems and plant and equipment; other mechanical equipment for aircraft. preparing detailed estimates of quantities and May specialise in particular type of aircraft, such as costs of materials and labour required for manu- passenger, cargo or military aircraft or helicopters. facture and installation; 0-35.40 Automotive Engineering Technician. assisting with technical supervision of manu- Performs technical tasks, normally under direction and facture, installation, maintenance and repair ofsupervision of automotive engineer, contributoryto mechanical plant and equipment; design, development and manufacture of road vehicles: applying knowledge of mechanical engineer- performs tasks similar to those of Mechanical engineering theory and practices to recognise and solve ing technician (general) (0-35.10) but specialises in bodies, suspension systems, brakes and other mecha- problems arising in the course of their work. nical components for road vehicles. 0-35.10Mechanical Engineering Technician (General). May specialiseinparticulartype of vehicleor Performs technical tasks, normally under direction component. and supervision of mechanical engineer, contributory0-35.50 Heating, Ventilation and Refrigeration Engi- todesign,development,manufacture,construction, neering Technician. installation, efficient operation, maintenance and repair of mechanically functioning plant and equipment: Performs technical tasks, normally under direction and supervision of heating, ventilation, and refrigeration sets up and carries out experiments, makes tests,engineer, contributory to design, development, manu- takes readings, performs calculations, ,adjusts instru-facture, installation, maintenance and repair of systems ments, records observations and otherwiseassists and equipment for heating, ventilation and refrigeration: in research and development work concerning machine tools,engines,vehicles,heating,ventilating and performs tasks similar to those of Mechanical engineer- refrigerating plant, plant and equipment for the ing technician (general) (0-35.10) but specialises in release, control and utilisation of nuclear energy, systems and equipment for heating and air-condition- and other mechanically funtioning plant and equip- ing industrial, commercial, residential and public ment; prepares detailed cAmates of quantities and buildings, making ice and cooling storage rooms. costs of materials and labour required for manu- 0-35.90 Other Mechanical Engineering Technicians. facture and installation, and prepares work schedules; exercisestechnical supervisionand control and This group includes mechanicar engineering technicians gives technical guidance to workers engaged in manu- not elsewhere classified, for example those who perform facture,installation,repairand maintenanceoftasks similar to those of Mechanical engineering techni- mechanicallyfunctioningplantand equipment; cian (general) (0-35.10) but specialise in technical tasks inspects and tests completed work to ensure compliance contributory to the design, production or maintenance with specifications and safety statalards; inspectsof apparatus or products such as plant and equipment and regulates functioning of installed mechanicalfor the release, control and utilisation of nuclear energy; plant and equipment employed for manufacturingships' hulls and superstructures; precision instruments; processes and other purposes; applies knowledgecameras and projectors; typewriters, desk calculators, of mechanical engineering theory and practices tocash registers and ticket machines; duplicating and recognise and solve problems arising. copying machines; mechanically functioning medical equipment; or special space vehicles and mechanical 0-35.20MechanicalEngineering Technician (Motors equipment for space exploration and travel. and Engines). Performs technical tasks, normally under direction 0-36Chemical Engineering Technicians and supervision of mechanical engineer, contributory todesign,development,manufacture,installation, Workers in this unit group perform technical maintenance and repair of steam, internal combustiontasks, normally under the direction and super- and non-electric motors and engines: vision of chemical engineers, contributory to performs tasks similar to those of Mechanical engineering technician(general)(0-35.10)butspecialises development of industrial chemical processes in non-electric motors and engines as used for pro-and design, construction, operation, mainten- pulsion of vehicles or driving industrial and otherance and repair of chemical plant. machinery. Their functions include: May specialise in particular type of engine, such as diesel or petrol engines, or particular type of appli- assistinginresearchtodevelop new or cation, as in aircraft, automobiles or ships. improved processes and manufacturing plant Technicians specialising in electric motors are classified for the chemical or physical transformation of in 0-34.90. substances on a commercial scale; 0-35.30Aeronautical Engineering Technician. preparing detailed estimates of quantities and Performs technical tasks, normally under directioncosts of materials and labour required for manu- and supervision of aeronautical engineer, contributoryfacture and installation of plant;

51 Oil

0-36.10 - 0-38

assisting with technical supervision ofcon-properties of metals, development of new alloys, struction, installation, operation, maintenanceand technical supervision of metal and alloy and repair of plant; manufacture and processing. applying knowledge of chemical engineering theory and practices to recognise and solve prob-0-37.20Extractive Metallurgy Technician. lems arising in the course of their work. Performs technical tasks, normally under direction and supervision of extractive metallurgist, contributory to 0-36.10Chemical Engineering Technician (General). development and control of processes for the extraction Performs technical tasks, normally under direction andof metals from their ores: supervision of chemical engineer, contributory to devel- sets up and carries out experiments, makes tests and opment of processes for the chemical or physical trans- analyses, takes readings, performs calculations, adjusts formation of substances on a commercial scale and to instruments,recordsobservationsand otherwise design, construction, operation, maintenance and repair assists in research to develop new or improvedore of chemical plant : reduction and metal- refining processes; assists in control sets up and carries out experiments, makes tests, takes of ore reduction and metal-refining processes by regu- readings, performs calculations, adjusts instruments, lating temperatures, mixtures and other processing records observations and otherwise assists in research conditions; applies knowledge of theory and practices to develop new or improved processes and manufac- of extractive metallurgy to recognise and solve prob- turing plant; prepares detailed estimates of quantities lems arising. and costs of materials and labour required for con- May specialise in ferrous or non-ferrous metals or in a struction and installation of plant and prepares work particular metal. schedules;inspects and regulatesfunctioning of installed chemical processing plant; exercises technical0.37.30Physical Metallurgy Technician. supervision and control of chemical processing operations; gives technical guidance to workers engaged in Performs technical tasks, normally under direction constructing, installing, maintaining and repairingand supervision of physical metallurgist, contributory to chemical processing plant; inspects and tests completedresearch into properties of metals and alloys, development work to ensure compliance with specifications andof new alloys and technical supervision of metal and alloy safety standards; applies knowledge of chemical engi-manufacture and processing: neering theory and practices to recogniel and solve sets up and carries out experiments, makes tests and problems arising. analyses, takes readings, performs calculations, adjusts instruments,recordsobservationsandotherwise 0-36.20Chemical Engineering Technician (Petroleum). assists in research into physical characteristics and Performs technical *asks, normally under direction and engineering properties of metals and alloys and in supervision of chemical engineer (petroleum), contribu- development of new alloys and improved processes tory to developir.ent of processes for refining crude oil for obtaining metals with required characteristics; and to design, construction, operation, maintenance and assists in technical supervision of metal-making and repair of refining plant: treating processes such as melting, alloying, hot- and cold-rolling, casting, forging, drawing, heat-treating, performs tasks similar to those of Chemical engineering plating; tests metal and alloy samples, semi- finished technician (general) (0-36.10) but specialises in refin- and finished articles for impurities, fractures and other ing of crude oil and production of derivatives such as defects and to ensure compliance with specifications; petrol and paraffin fuels and lubricating oils and applies knowledge of theory and practices of physical greases. metallurgy to recognise and solve problems arising. 0-36.90 May specialise in ferrous or non-ferrous metals or in Other Chemical Engineering Technicians. a particular application of physical metallurgy such as This group includes chemical engineering technicians casting. not elsewhere classified, for example those who perform tasks similar to those of Chemical engineering technician0-37.90Other Metallurgical Technicians. (general)(0-36-10) but specialise in technical tasks contributory to development and efficient utilisation of This group includes metallurgical technicians not else- fuels or to design, construction, operation, maintenancewhere classified, for example those who perform technical and repair of plant for the chemical and physical trans-tasks similar to those of Extractive and Physical metallurgy formation of matter for the manufacture of a particulartechnicians (0-37.20 and 0-37.30) to assist metallurgists type of commodity such as antibiotics, plastics, explosives,specialising in radioactive materials. rubber or pigments, or of plant for production and distribution of fuel gas for industrial, domestic and other uses. 0-38 Mining Technicians Workers in this unit group perform technical 0-37 Metallurgical Technicians tasks, normally under the direction and super- Workers in this unit group perform technicalvision of mining engineers, contributory to the tasks, normally under direction and supervisionextraction from the earth and preparation for of metallurgists, contributory to developmentdistribution or processing of minerals suchas and control of processes for extraction of metalscoal, iron, copper, gold, platinum, silver, petro- from their ores and metal refining, research intoleum, gas, stone, clay, salt and diamonds.

52 0/1

0-38.10 - 0-39.30

Their functions include: 0-38.90Other Mining Technicians. assisting in geological and topographical This group includes mining technicians not elsewhere classified, for example those who perform tasks similar surveys; to those of Mining technician (general) (0-38.10) but assisting in planning and supervising con-specialise in technical tasks contributory to the extrac- struction of mine shafts, tunnels and surface tion from mines and quarries of a particular solid mineral developments; such as coal, stone, clay, salt, gravel or diamonds; or to extraction of subsurface water or sulphur and other solid assisting in technical supervision of miningminerals by drilling boreholes; or to extraction of tin, and quarrying operations, preparation of mineralsgold, diamonds or other solid minerals from alluvial for distribution, well-drilling operations and deposits by sluicing and dredging. initial treatment of crude oil and natural gas; assisting in research to develop improved 0-39Engineering Technicians Not Elsewhere methods of extraction; Classified applying knowledge of theory and practices Workers in this unit group perform technical of mining and well-drilling to recognise andfunctions in engineering, normally under the solve problems arising in the course of theirdirection and supervision of engineers, and are work. not elsewhere classified. 0-38.10Mining Technician (General). Their functions include: Performs technical tasks, normally under direction and assisting industrial engineers in connection supervision of mining engineer, contributory to the with production engineering matters, time and extraction of metallic and solid non-metallic minerals motion studies, or safety measures and pro- from the earth and their preparation for distribution or processing: cedures; sets up and adjusts instrume.3, takes readings and assisting manufacturing technologists special- measurements, performs calculations, records data and ising in ceramics and glass, food and drink, otherwise assists in geological and topographical sur-textiles, paper, leather or wood products, in veys to ascertain location and nature of mineralconnection with the development of plant and deposits; prepares drawings, estimates and work schedules, and otherwise assists in planning layout andprocesses and technical supervision of process- supervising construction of underground shafts, tunnels ing operations; and surface developments; inspects and tests completed assisting agricultural engineers; mine development work to ensure compliance with assisting traffic planners; specifications and safety standards; assists in technical supervision of mining or quarrying operations and performing other technical tasks in engineer- preparation of extracted minerals for distribution or ing. processing; assists in research to develop new and improved methods of extraction ; applies knowledge 0-39.20Production Engineering Technician. of mining theory and practices to solve problems Performs technical tasks, normally under the direction arising. of production methods engineer, to determine for particular products suitabio sequences and timings for 0-38.20Pet %ileum and Natural Gas Extraction production operations: Technician. examines working drawings, manufacturing specifica- Performs technical tasks, normally under direction and tions and prototypes of proposed products and iden- supervision of petroleum and natural gas engineer, con- tifiesfabrication, assembly and other operations tributory to the extraction, storage and transportation of requiredtoproduce finishedarticle;determines petroleum and natural gas: appropriate sequences and timings of operations, prepares drawings, estimates and work schedules, and taking account of production methods, materials and otherwise assists in planning drilling operations; gives equipment to be used; prepares detailed schedules of technical guidance to drilling teams and other workers; sequences and timings of production operations. tests boreholes to determine pressures, temperatures, strata encountered and other factors; assists in bringing 0-39.30Time and Motion Study Technician. wells into production by controlling flow of oil or gas Performs time and motion studies under direction and and treating oil to remove sediment and water; assists supervision of time and motion study engineer: in technical supervision of operations of producing observes and measures worker performance and cal- wells and associated storage tanks and pipe transport culates and records such factors as time taken, motions system and keeps production and other records; assists involved, methods employed and accustomed work in research to develop new and improved methods of speeds; prepares charts, graphs and diagrams to illus- extraction; applies knowledge of theory and practices trate workflow, routing, floor layouts, material hand- of petroleum and natural gas extraction to recognise ling,machine utilisationand otherinformation; and solve problems arising. assists in identification of unnecessary effort, calculation May assist in geological and geographical surveys to of optimum time and production standards and prepa- ascertain location and size of petroleum or natural ration of recommendations for more efficient and gas deposits. economic use of personnel and facilities.

53 0/1

0-39.90 - 0-41.50

May assist Time and motion study engineer (0-28.30) development of processes and plant,or technical super- in implementation of recommendationsfor changes in vision of processing operations, work procedures and job tasks. relating to the manufacture of bricks, pottery andglassware; of foods and 0-39-90Other Engineering Technicians. beverages; textiles; paper; leatheror wood products; those assisting safety engineers, This group includes engineeringtechnicians not else- agricultural engineers, where classified, for example those or traffic planners; and those performingother technical who specialise intasks in engineering not performedby workers classified performing technical tasks contributoryto technologicalelsewhere.

0-4 AIRCRAFT ANDSHIPS' OFFICERS

Workers in this minor group pilot and navigate aircraft, giveinstruction in flying aircraft, inspect, adjust and regulate during flight the mechanical equipmentof aircraft, command andnavigate ships and hovercraft, direct and supervise engine-roomactivities on board ship, anddirect marine services and supplies or mechanical overhauls, replacements andrepairs for vessels ofa shipping line in port.They are classified in the unitgroups listed below: 041 Aircraft Pilots, Navigatorsand Flight Engineers. 0-42Ships' Deck Officers andPilots. 0-43Ships' Engineers.

0-41Aircraft Pilots, Navigators and 0-41.30Aircraft Pilot (except Transport). Flight Engineers Pilots aircraft forpurposes other than passenger, mail Workers in this unitgroup fly aircraft, director freight transportation, such as for testingor delivering aircraft, spraying insecticidesand fungicides for pest the course of aircraft in flight,inspect, adjustcontrol, aerial surveys, aerialphotography, and exhibi- and regulate duringflightthe mechanicaltions of flying skill: equipment of aircraft and give flyinginstruction. performs tasks similar to those ofAir transport pilot Their functions include: (041.20) but specialises in pilotingaircraft for particular purposes other than transportationof passengers, flying aircraft to transportpassengers, mail mail or freight ; pilots aircraft accordingto instructions or freight; having regard to purpose of flight,following predetermined flight plan, or performingaerial manoeuvres and flying aircraft for testingor delivery, aerial tests; flies at low altitudes when required. spraying, aerial surveysor photography, and exhibitions of flying skill; 0-41.40 Flight Navigator. navigating aircraft in flight; inspecting mechanical and other Directs course of aircraft in flightaccording to predeter- equipment ofmined flight plan oras directed by pilot-in-command: aircraft, making adjustments andminor repairs, monitoring control panel during locates position and directs flight byuse of radar, radio flight and regu- beams, charts, celestial observations,dead reckoning lating engine speed accordingto pilot's instruc- or visual observation; recommends deviationsfrom- tions; course required by weather conditions; keepslog of teaching trainee pilots to fly aircraft. flight.

0-41.20Air Transport Pilot. 0-41.50 Flight Engineer. Flies aircraft transporting Makes pre-flight, in-flight and post-flightinspections, passengers, mail or freight:carries out adjustments and minor carries out pre-flight check, verifying repairs to ensure safe instruments, con-and efficient operation of aircraftand monitors control trols, load, fuel supply and otheritems; operates con-panel during flight: trols to manceuvre aircraft on land and in the air and makes pre-flight and post-flight to take off and land; observesgauges, meters and other inspection of power cockpit instruments during flight plant, other equipment and fuselage;observes gauges, to aid in control of meters and other aircraft instruments aircraft and to detect irregularities;uses navigational during flight to aids to direct the course of aircraft in detect technical irregularities; monitorsfuel gauges flight; observes and consumption and engine airtrafficcontrol and safety instructions;keeps performance, regulating flight log. engine speed according to pilot'sinstructions; makes minor adjustments and repairsand brings emergency May be designated accordingto type and weight of equipment into operation if aircraft he is authorised to fly andserve as commander necessary; keeps record or co-pilot. of engine performance and defectsor difficulties occurring during flight and keepspilot-in-command informed. 54 0/1

0-41.60 - 0-42.90

0-41.60Flying Instructor. including navigational markers; organises, co-ordinates Teaches trainee pilots to operate the controls of an and supervises work of officers and ratings; ensures aircraft and instructs them in aircraft piloting techniques observance of safety regulations and procedures by and procedures: crew and passengers and directs emergency operations if vessel is in distress; represents vessel owners in com- explains use and operation of aircraft components, mercial transactions and deals with other ship's such as rudder, flaps, ailerons, compass, altimeter and business; maintains log (daily record) of events during radio; accompanies trainees on training flights and voyage. demonstrates techniques for controlling aircraft during taxiing, take-off, turns, stalls and landing; explains May be designated according to waters or vessel airport regulations and procedures for obtaining per- tonnage for which he is certificated to navigate. mission to take off and land. Boatman is classified in 9.81.90. May instruct qualified pilots in the operation of types of aircraft or new equipment with which they are 0-42.30Ship's Navigating Officer. unfamiliar. May give proficiency tests on termination Plans, supervises and co-ordinates deck and bridge- of course. watch activities on seagoing or inland waterways vessel: assists master in navigation of vessel in accordance with his instructions, determines position and course 0-42Ships' Deck Officers and Pilots of vessel by use of charts, compasses, radar and other navigational aids; keeps watch; communicates with Workers in this unit group command and other ships or shore by signal lights, signal flags or navigate ships and hovercraft and direct marine radio telephone; organises and supervises deck crew, services on shore for shipping company vessels including crew members maintaining and cleaning hull, superstructure, cargo compartments and deck arriving in port. equipment; supervises loading and unloading of cargo. Their functions include: May be designated First mate, Second mate or Third taking complete charge a seagoing or inland mate. A first mate is next in command to the ship's captain and may take charge in an emergency. When waterway vessels; there is more than one mate on ship, above duties planning, supervising and co-ordinating deck may be distributed among them. and bridge-watch activities on vessels; navigating vessels into and out of ports and0-42.40Ship Pilot. through channels, straits and other waters where Navigates vessels into and out of ports, in rivers, special knowledge and skill are required; channels, straits and other waters where special knowledge directing or arrangingsupplyofships'and skill are required: stores and equipment, recruitment of crews and directs course and speed of ship using special knowledge of local winds, weather, tides, currents, shallows, provision of other services (except engineering) reefs and other conditions and navigational aids such for company vessels arriving in port. as lighthouses and buoys; instructs seaman at helm to steer course accordingly. 0-42.15Ship's Master (Sea). May be designated according to class or tonnage of Takes complete charge of seagoing ship and directs, vessels he is certificated to pilot. co-ordinates and supervises shipboard activities: directs manoeuvres of ship at sailing and berthing; 0-42.50Marine Superintendent (Deck). controls speed and directs course of vessel at sea using Directs or arranges on-shore services such as supply, navigational aids; organises, co-ordinates and super-of ships' stores and equipment, ship inspections and over- vises work of officers and ratings; ensures safe loading hauls, crew replacements and navigational information and discharge of cargo, and maintenance of hull super-for shipping company vessels arriving in port: structure and equipment; ensures observance of safety regulations and procedures by crew and passengers orders ship's stores (other than food), deck and navi- and directs emergency pperations if vessel is in distress; gation equipment and fuel, for delivery according to represents vessel owners in commercial transactions master's requirements; arranges for inspections, tests and deals with other ship's business; maintains log and overhauls as required by regulations or company (daily record) of events during voyage. practices; arranges recruitment of deck officers and ratings; advises and instructs ship's master on navi- May be in charge of special vessel such as oceano- gational matters such as changes of charts, soundings, graphic research ship.May be designated according buoyed channels and harbour approaches. to waters or vessel tonnage which he is certificated to navigate, for example Master, coastal waters. May, if certificated to command ship, be designated Port captain. 0-42.20Ship's Master (Inland Waterways). Marine superintendent(technical)isclassifiedin Takes complete charge of vessel confined to inland 0. 43.30. waterways and directs, co-ordinates and supervises activities on board: 042.90Other Ships' Deck Officers and Pilots. directs manoeuvres of ship at sailing and berthing; This group includes ships' deck officers and pilots not controls speed and directs course of vessel by use ofelsewhere classified, for example those in charge of sea- charts, compass, radar and other navigational aids, going yachts and hovercraft.

55 0/1

0-43 - 0-5

0-43Ships' Engineers pumps, compressors, heat exchangers, and other machinery and equipment on board ship under the general Workers in this unitgroup plan, co-ordinate,direction of chief engineer: direct and participate in theoperation, mainten- stands watch and directs ratings in engineor boiler ance and repair of mechanical andrelated room, supervises operation of mechanical equipment equipment on board ship,or direct from shore and changes in engine speed inresponse to signals station mechanical overhauls,replacements and from bridge; ensures enginesare properly lubricated repairs in port for vessels of and, on steam-propelled ships, that boilers,water and a shipping line. steam pressure are maintained at required levels; inspects Their functions include: ship's machinery and equipment and superviseswork of engine-room ratingson maintenance and repair; taking complete charge ofship's engine-room supervises loading and tank transfers of fueland water department. standing watch in engineor boiler and reports on consumption; keeps log ofperformance room and supervising engine-room department of machinery. personnel engaged in operation,maintenance May do electrical work in absence of Ship'selectrician andrepairofshipboardmachinery and (8-55.35). May bedesignatedFirstengineer, equipment; Second engineer or Third engineer. Whenthere is more than one engineer on ship, above dutiesmay be dis- directing from shore station themaintenance tributed among them. and replacementprogramme and repair work in port for machinery andequipment of vessels of a shipping line. 0-43.30 Marine Superintendent (Technical). Directs from shore station the maintenancepro- 0-43.15Ship's Chief Engineer. grammes for machinery and equipment on boardcom- Plans, co-ordinates and directs pany's ships, directs or authorisesrepairs in port and engine-room depart-directs replacement programme for shipboard ment aboard ship and supervises subordinatemarine machinery: engineer officers and engine-roomratings: advises shipping companyon engineering matters takes complete charge of the operation, pertaining to its ships and determinesmaintenance maintenance and replacement programmes for shipboard and repair of all mechanical and electricalmachinery machinery and equipment on board ship including and equipment; keeps records of mechanicalperform- propulsion ance of ships; inspects mechanical and electrical equip- engines, boilers, auxiliary and deckmachinery, refrigeration and sanitary equipment; directs ment of ships arriving at port; determinesnaturcand and supervises extent of repairs or desirable alterations personnel of engine-room department;requisitions or replace- fuel and engine departmentstores; maintains record ments and estimates costs; formulates specifications of operations of engineering department. for repairs, alterations or replacementsand supervises drafting of plans; examines andapproves tenders, May stand engine-room watch and performsome other inspects materials to be used in repairs and duties of subordinate Marine engineer examines officer (0-43.20). completed work of contractors,or delegates authority to subordinates. 0-43.20 Marine Engineer Officer. May supervise all engineers Controls, and participates in, the operation, on company's ships and mainten- consult with makers of engines and otherequipment ance and repair of engines, electricalmotors, boilers, about technical improvements.

0-5 LIFE SCIENTISTS ANDRELATED TECHNICIANS

Workers in this minorgroup conduct pure and appiA research and developpractical applications of scientific knowledge,or perform related auxiliary technical tasks, in the fieldof the life sciences.They normally specialise ina particular branch of life sciences, suchas biology, botany, zoology, anatomy, biochemistry,physiology, pharmacology, pathology, animalgenetics and ecology, agronomy, silviculture, horticultureor pisciculture.They may specialise in developingpractical applications in medical, industrial,agricultural and other particular fields.They are classified in the unit groups listed below:

0-51Biologists, Zoologists and Related Scientists. 0-52Bacteriologists, Pharmacologists and RelatedScientists. 0-53 Agronomists and RelatedScientists. 0-54Life Sciences Technicians.

56 0/1

0-51 - 0-52.30

0-51Biologists, Zoologists and Related 0-51.90 OtherBiologists,ZoologistsandRelated Scientists Scientists. This group includes biologists, zoologists and related Workers in this unit group conduct purescientists not elsewhere classified, for example those research into all forms of life to increase scientificwho specialise in marine and freshwater life. knowledge and applied research to develop practical applications in fields such as medicine, 0-52Bacteriologists, Pharmacologists agriculture and forestry. and Related Scientists Their functions include: Workers in this unit group study the structure, planning and conducting field and laboratorycomposition, and life processes of humans, studies of the origin, development, functions,animals and micro-organisms and apply their structure, distribution, environment, interrela-findings to such purposes as prevention of tionships and other aspects of life- forms; disease in humans and animals, promotion of co-ordinating, analysing and evaluating datahealth and physical fitness and development of obtained and preparing reports of findings andanimals for economic exploitation. conclusions for use in such fields as medicine, Their functions include: agriculture, forestry and pharmaceuticals manu- conducting research into the form, structure facture. and other anatomical characteristics of humans and animals, the chemical composition and 0-51.10Biologist (General). processes of living organisms, the biological Conducts research into all forms of life to increasefunctions and activities of the human organism scientific knowledge and develops practical applicationsunder normal and abnormal conditions, the in fields such as medicine and agriculture: nature and characteristics of bacteria and their plans field and laboratory studies of origin, development, functions, structure, distribution, environment, action on living organisms and dead organic interrelationships and other aspects of life-forms;matter, the nature, causes and development of observes characteristics and behaviour of life-formshuman and animal diseases and parasites, effects in their natural environment; identifies, classifies and of drugs on organs, tissues and life processes of preserves specimens and prepares collections to assist studies of development, diseases and other subjects;humans and animals, and systems of selective studies and experiments with biological specimens inbreeding of animals and advanced methods of laboratory, employing such techniques as dissection,animal husbandry; microscopy, chemical-staining and photography; co- developing practical applications of such scien- ordinates,analyses and evaluates data obtained, employing statistical techniques as necessary, andtific knowledge in medical, public health,, agri- prepares; reports of findings and conclusions for usecultural, industrial and other fields. in such fields as medicine, agriculture and pharmaceuticals manufacture or as an aid to further research. 0-52.20Anatomist. May raise plants, animals and other life-forms in Conducts research into the form, structure and other laboratory for experimental purposes. anatomical characteristics of humans and animals to increasescientific knowledge and develop practical 0-51.20Botanist. applications in medical and related fields: examines specimens in laboratory, employing such Conducts research into all forms of plant life to techniques as dissection, microscopy and photography increasescientific knowledge and develop practical to identify and compare nature and characteristics applications in fields such as agriculture and forestry: of body organs, tissues and cells; carries out experi- performs tasks similar to those of Biologist (general) ments and investigatesanatomicalcharacteristics (0.51.10) but specialises in plant life. and reactions such as ability to regenerate destroyed May specialise in a particular branch of botany, or damaged parts of the body, and possibility of such as plant ecology, plant taxonomy or mycology, transplanting organs and tissues from one living and be designated accordingly. body to another.

0-51.30Zoologist. 0-52.30Biochemist. Conducts research into chemical composition and Conducts research into all forms of animal life toprocesses of living organisms to increase scientific increasescientific knowledge and develop practicalknowledge and develop industrial, medical and other applications in fields such as agriculture and medicine: practical applications: performs tasks similar to those of Biologist (general) performs experiments, tests and analyses to determine (0-51.10) but specialises in animal life. chemical composition of living organisms, chemistry May specialise in a particular branch of zoology, Of their vital processes such as breathing, digestion, such as entomology, ornithology or animal ecology, growth and aging, chemical action of foods, drugs, and be designated accordingly. serums, hormones and other substances on their

57 0/1

0-52.40 - 0-52.90

tissues and vital processes, chemical aspects of for- May specialise in a particular type of pathology, mation of antibodies in the blood, and other bioche- such as forensic pathology, and be designated accord- mical phenomena; develops new or improved methods ingly. for preservation of food and drink, preparation of serums, vaccines, hormones and pituitary and thyroid 0-52.65Veterinary Pathologist. extracts, water purification and sewage treatment; and develops other practical applications of bio- Conducts research into nature, causes and develop- chemistry in industry, medicine, public health andment of animal diseases and disorders: other fields. performs tasks similar to those of Medical pathologist (0-52.60) but specialises in animal diseases and 0-52.40Physiologist. disorders. Conducts researchintobiological functions and 0-52.70Pharmacologist. activities of human organism under normal and abnormal Conducts research into effects of drugs and other conditions to increase scientific knowledge and develop substances on organs, tissues and life processes of practical applications in medical and related fields: humans and animals and develops new and improved studies functions and working of the brain, nervousmedicinal drugs: system, sensory organs, glands, respiratory and blood performs experiments, tests and analyses to determine circulation systems and other life processes of the effects of drugs and other substances on metabolism, human organism; investigates reactions of lifepro- cell growth and reproduction, circulation, respiration, cesses and functions to changes in altitude, noise digestion and other life processes; collaborates with levels, motion, light intensity, temperature, humidity medical doctors and pharmacists in the testing of and other environmental factors; applies scientific drugs on human beings and standardises drug dosages knowledge to problems of physical fitness, nutrition, for treatment of illnesses by correlating results of human endurance and similar matters. laboratory tests on animals with results of clinical May specialise in particular area of human physiology experiments; collaborates with industrial pharmacists such as study of glands and their secretions,or of the in development of drugs and standardisation ofpro- brain, nervous system and sensory organs, and be duction methods and drug potency; analyses sub- designated accordingly. stances which may be taken into the body, such as food preservatives and colouring matter, toxic 0-52.50Bacteriologist. gases and detergents, to determine their effect on human tissues, organs and life procesSes. Conducts research into nature and characteristics of bacteria and other micro-organisms to increase May specialise in particular branch of pharmacology, scientific knowledge and develop industrial, medical such as effects of drugs on particular organs of the and other practical applications: body, the development of drugs to treat particular diseases or the detection and identification of poi- performs experiments, tests and analyses to isolate, sonous substances. identify and make cultures of bacteria and other micro- organisms, determine conditions that favour and0-52.80 Animal Scientist. inhibit their growth and reproduction, ascertain their action on living tissues of plants, animals and micro- Conducts research into animal genetics, advanced organisms and on dead organic matter and determineanimal husbandry methods and related matters and chemical composition of acids, alcohols, enzymes andapplies scientific knowlete to develop improved strains, improved methods of raising animals and higher yields other substances produced thereby; developsnew or improved methods for processing, preservationof animal products: and flavouring of dairy products and other foods, for controls breeding to produce offspring with charac- controlling bacteria harmful to fish, for control and teristics required such as improved strength, disease utilisation of bacteria in soil, for prevention and resistance, rate of maturity, fertility and size; experi- treatment of diseases by antibacterial serums and ments to ascertain feed,housing, sanitation and vaccines, and other practical applications of bacterio- other requirements for production of meat or other logy in industry, agriculture, medicine and other animal products of desired quality and for main- fields. tenance of health and strength of animals; develops May specialise in a particular branch of bacteriology improved methods of controlling animal parasites and be designated accordingly. and diseases, slaughtering for meat and preparation and storage of animal products. 0-52.60Medical Pathologist. May specialise in particular type of animal such as beef cattle, dairy cattle or poultry, or in particular Conducts research into nature, causes and develop- aspect of animal science such as breeding or nutrition. ment of human diseases and disorders: supervises or conducts tests of specimens of body 0-52.90OtherBacteriologists,Pharmacologistsand fluids and tissues of patients and evaluates resultsto Related Scientists. determine nature, stage of development and possible This group includes bacteriologists, pharmacologists sources of infection; studies effects of selected drugs and related scientists not elsewhere classified, for example on diseased organisms to find effective methods ofthose conducting research in the field of biophysics, treatment for specific patients and prepares reportsrelating to such problems as dynamics of seeing and for medical doctors concerned; performs autopsies, hearing,transmissionofelectricalimpulsesalong determining such factors as cause of death, nature andnerves and muscles, effects of light and other radiation extent of disease and effectiveness of treatmenton body cells, and developing practical applications received. for medical or other purposes.

58 0/1

0-53 - 0-54

0-53Agronomists and Related Scientists grazing on growth, seed production and selection, germination of different species and other aspects Workers in this unit group conduct research of tree propagation and culture; plans and directs into field-crop growing, horticulture, forestry treenurseries,afforestation and development of and soils and develop improved methods of forest stands by encouraging growth through systematic thinning, pruning, removal of diseased trees and propagation, cultivation, harvesting, pest control other methods; plans tree-felling to give maximum and related farming activities. continuous yield; develops techniques for measure- Their functions include: ment and identification of trees. conducting research into field and horticul- 0-53.50Soil Scientist. tural crops and forestry to develop new and Conducts research into characteristics, use capabili- improved methods giving higher yields andties and productivity of soils and applies findings to better quality; development of improved agricultural, horticultural and planning and directing forest planting, care andforestry practices: exploitation of forest stands; studies origins, composition and distribution of soils and classifies them according to standard types; studying the characteristics, use capabilities investigates responses of soil types to tillage, fertili- and productivity of soils and applying findings sation, crop-rotation and other fanning practices, and to development of improved agricultural, horti- studies effects of alternative practices on long-term productivity of soils; analyses soils to determine cultural and forestry practices; content of nitrogen, phosphorus, iron and other advising farmers on farming methods and plant-food elements, experiments to determine best problems. soil types for different plants, and develops methods for altering soil characteristics by changing content 0-53.20Agronomist. of plant-food elements, bacteria or other constituents; plans and co-ordinates soil erosion control, moisture Conducts research into field crops and grasses and conservation and other soil management practices; develops new and improved production methods: advises on use, development and conservation of performs experiments to improve seed germination, arable land. plant growth, adaptability of crops to different soils or climates, resistance to diseases and insect pests, May advise on special soil problems such as stabi- yields, quality of harvest, and other characteristics lisation and drainage of soils used as foundations for of field crops; studies crop planting, cultivating, building and civil engineering projects. harvesting and harvest storage methods and effects of rotation, drainage, irrigation and climatic condi- 0-53.60 Farming Adviser. tions; develops methods for control of weeds, plant Advises farmers on farming methods and problems: diseases and insect pests; advises farmers on selection studiespublications,attendsdemonstrations and of crops and methods of production. otherwise keeps abreast of advances in farming May specialise in a particular aspect of field crop techniques; examines methods currently employed growing such as plant breeding or pest control, on farms in his area and advises farmers on ways of or in a particular field crop. raising quality of output, increasing yield and on measures to increase efficiency of operations and 0-53.30Horticidturist. conserve farm assets; visits farms to investigate problems reported, such as soil erosion and pest infes- Conductsresearchintohorticulturalcropsand tation, and advises on action to be taken; delivers develops new and improved production methods: lectures, writes and distributes articles and organises performs experiments toimprove plant growth, demonstrationsto promote adoptionof efficient resistance to diseases and insect pests, adaptability farming practices and techniques. to different soils or climates, yields, quality of harvest, and othercharacteristicsof horticulturalplants such as fruit and nut trees, vegetables, flowers and 0-53.90 Other Agronomists and Related Scientists. shrubs; studies planting, cultivating and harvesting This group includes agronomists and related scientists methods and effects of rotation, drainage, irrigation not elsewhere classified, for example those who inves- and climatic conditions; develops improved methodstigate conditions and problems, make recommendations of storage, transportation and processing of horti-and develop improved methods relating to conservation cultural products; advises farmers on selection ofof wild life reserves or economic exploitation of grazing horticultural crops and methods of production. lands. May specialise in a particular horticultural product such as fruit. 0-54Life Sciences Technicians 0-53.40Sllvicultnrist. Workers in this unit group perform technical Conducts research into, and develops methods of,tasks, normally under the direction and super- tree propagation and culture and plans and directsvision of life scientists, contributory to research afforestation, care and exploitation of forest stands: studies rates of tree growth for different species cul- to increasescientific knowledge in the life tivated under various conditions, tree diseases, effects sciences and to develop industrial, agricultural, of thinning on forest yields, effects of fire and animalmedical and other practical applications.

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0-54.20 - 0-6/0-7

Their functions include: May specialise in particular branch of biology or in industrial, agricultural or other specialised applica- preparing biological, botanical, medical and tions of the biological sciences. May keep laboratory similar specimens and growing cultures of micro- equipment in good order and tend animals kept organisms for tests, analyses and experiments; for experimentation. using laboratory instruments and other equipment to carry out, under supervision or accord- 0-54.30 Medical Science Technician. ing to instructions, tests, analyses and experi- Performs technical tasks, normally under direction and supervision of medical scientist, contributory to ments and recording observations, results andexperiments, tests and analyses for the diagnosis, treat- other relevant information; ment and prevention of sickness and disease: performing other technical tasks to assist life prepares specimens such as body organs, tissues, scientists in research and in development of cells, fluids and excreta, using such techniques as practical applications of life sciences, including fixing and staining, and grows cultures of micro- organisms,fortests,analyses and experiments; sciences of biology, botany, zoology, anatomy, sets up and operates medical laboratory equipment biochemistry, physiology, bacteriology, patho- such as microscopes, photo-electric colorimeters and logy, pharmacology, agronomy, horticulture and haemocytometers to examine, analyse and test speci- silviculture. mens, detect and identifyinfections and observe effects of various drugs on organism; records observations during tests, analyses and experiments and 0-54.20Biological Technician. writes reports; prepares vaccines; performs other Performs technical tasks, normally under direction technical tasks to assist medical scientists in research and supervision of biological scientist, contributory to and development of practical applications of medical biological experiments, tests and analyses to increase science. scientific knowledge and develop industrial,public May specialise in a particular branch of medical health, agricultural and other practical applications: science such as microbiology, haematology or chemical prepares specimens such as animal and plant cells, pathology. May keep laboratory equipment in good tissues, parts or organs, using such techniques as order and tend animals kept for experimentation. dissection, fixing and staining, and grows cultures of micro-organisms, for biological experiments,test: 0-54.90Other Life Sciences Technicians. and analyses; sets and operates conventional and This group includes life sciences technicians not electron microscopes, X-ray and photographic appa-elsewhere classified, for example those who specialise in ratus and other laboratory equipment to examine,performing technical tasks in connection with the collec- analyse and test specimens; records observationstion, treatment, storage and distribution of semen for during experiments, tests and analyses and writes artificial breeding of farm animals; performing technical reports; performs other technical taskstoassisttasks to assist agronomists, horticulturists and silvi- biological scientists in research and in development ofculturists; or analysing samples of seeds for quality, practical applications of biological science. purity and germination rating.

0-6/0-7 MEDICAL, DENTAL, VETERINARY AND RELATED WORKERS

Workers in this minor group diagnose, and prescribe and give medical and surgical curative and preventive treatment for, human and animal illnesses; make and dispense medicaments; provide professional and non-professional nursing services; prescribe and fit spectacles; provide special medical therapeutic services; operate X-ray equipment for medical diagnosticor therapeutic treatment purposes; and perform related tasks.They are classified in the unit groups listed below: 0-61Medical Doctors. 0-62 Medical Assistants. 0-63Dentists. 0-64 Dental Assistants. 0-65Veterinarians. 0-66Veterinary Assistants. 0-67 Pharmacists. 0-68Pharmaceutical Assistants. 0-69Dietitians and Public Health Nutritionists.

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0-61 - 0-61.40

0-71Prdessional Nurses. 0-72Nursing Personnel Not Elsewhere Classified. 0-73Professional Midwives. 0-74Midwifery Personnel Not Elsewhere Classified. 0-75Optometrists and Opticians. 0-76Physiotherapists and Occupational Therapists. 0-77Medical X-Ray Technicians. 0-79Medical, Dental, Veterinary and Related Workprs Not Elsewhere Classified.

0-61Medical Doctors when operation should take place; gives instructions regarding the preparation of patient and instruments Workers in this unit group apply medical and other equipment required, consults with anaesthe- knowledge to the prevention, diagnosis and sist, if any, and performs operation; prescribes post- operative care and periodically observes patient's treatment of human illnesses. progress; keeps records of patients, operations per- Their functions include: formed and results. conducting medical examinations; making May supervise hospital surgical services. diagnoses, prescribing and giving treatment for diseases, disorders and injuries of the human0-61.20Specialised Physician. preventivemedicine Specialises in giving medical treatment and advice for body,andapplying particular types of diseases, disorders and injuries of techniques; the human body : performing surgical operations in the treat- performs tasks similar to those of General physician ment of injuries, diseases and disorders of the (0-61.05) but specialises in a particular disease or human body; disorder or in a particular branch of medicine such as dermatology, cardiology, gynaecology, laryngology, implementing public health laws and regula- ophthalmology, psychiatry, radiology or urology. tions for safeguarding and promoting the health May be designated according to nature of special- of a community; isation. performing related tasks. Anatomists, Physiologists, Bacteriologists, Med- 0-61.30Specialised Surgeon. ical pathologists and Pharmacologists are clas- Specialises in giving surgical treatment and advice sified in unit group 0-52, Dentists in 0-63 and for particular types of diseases and disorders of the human Pharmacists in 0-67. body: performs tasks similar to those of General surgeon 0-61.05General Physician. (0-61.10) but specialises in particular kinds of diseases or disorders or in a particular branch of surgery such Conducts medical examinations, makes diagnoses, as neuro-surgery or thoracic or plastic surgery. prescribes medicines, and gives other forms of treatment for various kinds of diseases, disorders and injuries of May be designated according to nature of special- the human body; applies preventive medicine techniques isation. to prevent diseases and promote good health : examines patient and makes or arranges for X-ray 0-61.40 Public Health Physician. examinations or special tests if further information Exercises controls and supervision to implement or is required; considers results of examinations andenforce public health laws and regulations for safe- tests, consults specialists or other physicians as neces- guarding and promoting the health of a community: sary and diagnoses nature of disorder; prescribes directs campaigns and other public action to promote medicines, advises patients on regimen necessary to the health of the community, especially to eradicate preserve or restore health; administers drugs as or control infectious diseases and diseases of major required; keeps records of patients examined, their economic and social importance, such as tuberculosis, disorders and the treatment given or prescribed. venereal disease and poliomyelitis; directs inspections May compound medicines and drugs.May deliver of hospitals and other health institutions, of food- infants and provide postnatal care to mother and stuffs and food processing plants, of hotels, restau- infant.May direct hospital or other medical services. rants and other public establishments, and of public facilities, to ensure conformity with prescribed stan- 0-61.10General Surgeon. dards, and recommends remedial action where neces- Performs various kinds of surgical operations in the sary; directs and supervises public health inspectors treatment of injuries, diseases and disorders of the and otherofficials concerned with public health human body: matters; advises on measures to improve public reviews reports of patient's physical condition and health including action regarding sanitation, pre- medical history; examines patient to determine need serving the purity of water and air and controlling for surgery, appropriate operational procedure and insects dangerous to health.

61 0-61.90 - 0-64.20

May impose quarantineon areas or persons to pre- examines teeth and oral cavity, using X-rays ventspread and other of contagiousdiseases.May order diagnostic tools as necessary, andprepares a plan of decontamination of infected places, includingprivate homes. treatment; prepares and fills lesions produced by dental caries; replaces portions of toothcrown by 0-61.90Other Medical Doctors. inlay or artificial crown; replaces lost teeth by bridge work and dentures; provides root canal treatment; This group includes medical doctorsnot elsewhere treats periopical lesions and periodontal diseases; classified, for example those mainly employed in conduct. carries out minor oral surgery includingextraction ing medical examinations in schools,workplaces or of erupted and impacted teeth; corrects malposition elsewhere; those mainly employed ingiving medical of teeth by orthodontic procedures; performsother advice, for instance in connectionwith life or other duties such as advising patientson oral hygiene, insurance plans, social security funds,medical aspects organising oralhealthservices and advising on of occupational risks,or otherwise. public oral health questions. 0-62Medical Assistants 0-63.20Specialised Dentist. Workers in this unit Specialises in giving surgical, medical and other forms group perform, within aof treatment for particular types of dentaland oral public health serviceorinstitution,limiteddiseases and disorders: diagnostic, preventive and curative medicaltasks, performs tasks similar to those of Dentist (general) mainly in connection with thecommon diseases (0-63.10) but specialises in a particular branch of of the region.They may work independently dentistry,suchasprosthodontics,periodontics, or under the general direction ofa fully qualified orthodontics, or pedodontics. physician. May be designated according to nature of specialisation. Their theoretical and practical trainingin 0-63.30Public Health Dentist. medicine is less than that of fullyqualified Plans and directs public action to improve oral health physicians (classified in 0-61).In some coun-and to control and improve standards of dentalcare and tries the functions of medical assistantsaretreatment of oral disorders: carried out solely by physicians. promotes and exercisessupervisionoverpublic clinical and laboratory services for diagnoses and 0-62.10Medical Assistant. treatment of oral disorders and diseases and improve- Performs to a limited extent the tasks of General ment of oral health, including inspection services physician (0-61.05) withina public health service or for schoolchildren; investigates the state of oral institution,more particularlyasregards common health of the community and advises governmental diseases of the region, either independentlyor under the and municipal authorities on dental health problems. general direction of a fully qualified physician: makes medical examinations; refers patientto a physician or hospital if necessary; prescribesmedicines, 0-64Dental Assistants administers drugs and gives other forms of medical treatment for common diseases and minor injuries. Workers in this unit group perform limited May provide obstetric services. diagnostic, curative and preventive dental tasks within a public dental health service (e.g. for The workers in this group have not hadthe full training of General physician (0-61.05). schoolchildren), or otherwise. Their theoretical and practical training in 0-63Dentists dentistry is less than that of Dentists (0-63). Workers in this unitgroup apply medical Dental prosthesis maker and repairer is classi- knowledge to the prevention, diagnosisandfied in 8-42.50. treatment of human dental or oral disorders. Dental chair-side assistants (workers who help Their functions include the dentist in his consulting room at the chair- performing diagnostic, preventive and curativeside by preparing and taking care of instruments services for dental or oral diseases and disorders;and other dental equipment, preparing materials. giving surgical, medical and other forms ofand looking after the welfare of patients)are treatment for particular types of dental and oralclassified in unit group 5-99. diseases and disorders; planning and directingpublicactionto0-64.20 Dental Assistant. improve oral health and to control and improve Carries out, but only to a limited extent, diagnostic, preventive and curative tasks in dentistry toassist standards of dental care and treatment of oraldentists, or independently: disorders. extracts teeth under local anesthesia; prepares cavities 0-63.10 and places fillings in both permanent and deciduous Dentist, General. teeth; performs certain types of prosthetic work Performs diagnostic, preventive and curative services includingfulldentures;performs some surgical for dental or oral diseases and disorders: procedures including the opening and drainage of

62 0/1

0-64.30 - 0-67.10

dental abscesses; performs some types of treatment 0-65.20Public Health Veterinarian. of periodontal lesions and lesions of oi al mucosa. Exercises surveillance of quality, purity and safety of The workers in this group have not had the full food of animal origin intended for human consumption training of Dentists (0-63), and may be designatedand investigates and controls animal diseases hazardous Practical dentist, Unregistered dentist or Dental auxiliary. to man : 0-64.30School Dental Assistant. inspects sanitary conditions in slaughter-houses and examines animals intended for slaughter;inspects Performs limited diagnostic, preventive and curative sanitary conditions in processing plants and other duties in dentistry for pre-school and schoolchildren establishments concerned with handling and prepara- under the direction and control of a dentist: tion of food of animal origin for human consumption; carries out periodic examinations and treatment of examines animal products intended for human con- schoolchildren; examines patients and charts dental sumption for quality, purity and safety; investigates conditions; performs prophylaxis; places fillings in both cases of animal diseases communicable to man and permanent and deciduous teeth; extracts teeth under initiat.s action to control and prevent their spread. local anaesthesia; makes topical application of preven- May apply and enforce animal quarantine regulations tive medicaments; identifies malocclusion and lesions and deccatamination measures. and refers the patient to a dentist; gives special attention to teaching the principles of oral hygiene and 0-65.90Other Veterinarians. the prevention of dental disease. This group includesveterinariansnot elsewhere 0-64.40Dental Hygienist. classified, for example those controlling import and export of animals and animal products; controlling drugs Carriesoutdentalprophylactictreatmentsand and vaccines used in veterinary practice; advising on the instructs 'groups and individuals in care of teeth and breeding, transport, care and health problems of labora- mouth: tory animals; advising on and assisting in epidemiolo- removes calcareousdeposits from teeth; appliesgical and other surveillance of zoonoses; collaborating topical fluorides or other prophylacticsolutions;in the preparation of animals for space exploration takes intra-oral X-rays; makes primary examinations experiments. of groups such as children or factory employees to detect dental defects which require treatment by a dentist; provides individual and group instruction in 0-66Veterinary Assistants oral hygiene. Workers in this unit group perform limited diagnostic, preventive and curative veterinary 0-65Veterinarians tasks to assist veterinarians, or independently. Workers in this unit group diagnose and give Their theoretical and practical training in or prescribe medical or surgical treatment ofveterinary medicine is less than that of Veteri- diseases, injuries or other medical conditions ofnarians (0-65). animals, and assist in epidemiological, radiolo- gical and other surveillance of animal health. 0-66.10Veterinary Assistant. Carries out, but only to a limited extent, diagnostic, Their functions include: preventive and curative veterinary duties as described diagnosing diseases or injuries of animals; under Veterinarian(general)(0-65.10), more parti- administering surgical or medical treatment;cularly as regards common diseases and disorders of animals, either independently or under the general testing dairy and other herds and inoculatingdirection of fully qualified veterinarian. animals against disease; The workers in this group have not had the full advising on care and breeding of animals ; training of Veterinarians (0-65). performing other functions requiring a scientific knowledge of veterinary medicine such as 0-67Pharmacists examining animals for soundness, veterinarian legal work, food hygiene, control of communi- Workers in this unit group make and dispense cable animal diseases and comparative medicine.medicaments and related preparations according Veterinary pathologist is classified in 0-52.65.to doctors' prescriptions or established formulae and perform related tasks. 045.10Veterinarian (General). Diagnoses and gives or prescribes medical and surgical 0-67.10Pharmacist. treatment of diseases, injuries or other medical condi- Makes and dispenses medicaments and related pre- tions of animals and deals with other aspects of animal parations according to prescriptions or formulae: health: prepares or supervises preparation of medicaments diagnoses disease or injury and gives animals surgical according to doctors' prescriptions or established or medical treatment; tests dairy and other herds for formulae; dispenses medical and surgical products disease; inoculates animals against disease; advises according to prescriptions; handles poisons and toxic on care and breeding of animals; performs various substances required for medical, domestic or other other dutiesrequiring a scientific knowledge of purposes and dispenses them according to regulations; veterinary medicine. performs teststodetermine identity,purity and

63 0/1

0-68 - 0-71.20

strength of drugs; preserves pharmaceuticals against 0-69.20Public Health Nutritionist. deterioration; keeps records of prescriptions dispensed and special poisonous substances issued. Appraises various factors related to nutrition and food problems in the community and plans and executes May prepare and supply, and advise on the use of,nutrition elements of health programmes: items such as veterinary medicines, chemical preparations for agricultural purposes and toilet and cosmetic investigates the state of nutrition in the community products. and serves as nutrition adviser to community health programmes;plans,co-ordinatesandsupervises 0-68Pharmaceutical Assistants nutrition elements of health programmes; participates in programmes of nutrition education and in nutri- Workers in this unit group assist pharmacists tion rehabilitation activities for particular groups or in the making and dispensing of medicaments the community. in pharmacies, hospitals and dispensaries. 0-69.90Other Dietitians and Public Health Nutritionists. Their theoretical and practical training in This group includes dietitians and public health pharmacy is less than that of fully qualifiednutritionists not elsewhere classified, for example those Pharmacist (0-67.10). acting as consultants to food processing and distributing firms or to manufacturers of food-processing equipment. 0-68,10Pharmaceutical Assistant. Assists in a pharmacy, hospital or dispensary to make and dispense medicaments, under the direction of 0-71Professional Nurses a pharmacist: Workers in this unit group provide profes- weighs, measures and mixes drugs and other pharmaceutical compounds accordingtoinstructions ofsional nursing services. Pharmacist (0-67.10), and fills bottles, capsules or Their functions include: other containers; assembles quantitiesof drugs, medicaments and other pharmaceuticalsupplies providing professional nursing care and advice according to medical prescriptions; prepares andin hospitals, clinics or other establishments pro- affixes labels with instructions for taking or applyingviding medical care and treatment; medication; performs other tasks to assist Pharmacist providing professional nursing care and advice (047.10). in private homes, schools, maternal and child May order and maintain supply of drugs and chemicals. health centres and nurseries; providing nursing services and health informa- 0-69Dietitians and Public Health Nutritioniststion for employees in workplaces; Workers in this unit group plan and supervise performing related tasks. the preparation of diets for individuals or groups, supervise and evaluate nutrition elements of0-71.10Professional Nurse (General). health programmes and assist in appraising the Provides professional nursing services and advice in hospitals, clinics or other establishments which provide various factors related to nutrition and food medical care and treatment: problems in the community. gives professional nursing care and advice to ill, Their functions include: injured, infirm and obstetric patients and new-born infants in hospitals, clinics and other establishments planning and supervising the preparation of which provide medical care and treatment; assists therapeutic or other diets for individuals or for physicians and surgeons; administers medicines and groups in hospitals, institutions and other estab- drugs, applies surgical dressings and gives other forms lishments and for workers in particular sectors; of treatment prescribed by physicians and surgeons; observes and reports on the general condition of participating in programmes of nutrition patients, and measures and records body temperature, educationandinnutritionrehabilitation rate of respiration and pulse beat; gives first-aid activities; treatment in emergencies and attends seriously ill planning and co-ordinating nutrition pro- patients; helps patients to become adjusted to place and methods of treatment; attends women in child- grammes and advising on nutrition aspects of birth and cares for new-born infants; gives instructions community food problems and health pro- and advice regarding care of patients during conval- grammes. escence; performs other professional nursing tasks, including supervision of rehabilitation exercises for 0-69.10Dietitian (General). patients or instruction in the use of orthopaedic aids. Plans and supervises the preparation of therapeutic or other diets for individuals or for groups in hospitals, 0-71.20Specialised Nurse. institutions and other establishments and for workers Provides specialised professional nursing services ina in particular sectors; gives instruction in selection and medical establishment or elsewhere: proper preparation of food according to dietetic prin- performs tasks similar to those of Professionalnurse ciples; performs duties related to nutrition programmes. (general)(0-71.10) but specialises in a particular May be responsible for food purchasing on behalf of branch of nursing, such as obstetric, orthopaedic, an organisation or establishment. pediatric or psychiatric nursing.

64 0/1

0-71.30 - 0-75

0-71.30Public Health Nurse. 0-73Professional Midwives Provides, within a community healthservice, professional nursing care and advice inprivate homes, The workers in this unitgroup provide pro- schools, maternal and child healthcentres and nurseries; fessional midwifery services inhospitals, clinics performs other nursing tasks associated withthe provision of community health services: and elsewhere, including givingadvice and assistance to women during visits private homes and givesnursing care and childbirth, providing treatment, under physician's instructions, for various prenatal and postnatal nursingcare of mother types of illness and disorders; instructs families inthe and infant, and participating insome aspects of care of patients, in maternal and child care and in the health education. maintenance of a healthy environment; assistsphysi- cians in maternal and child healthcentres; provides 0-73.10Professional Midwife. health services in schools; gives first-aidtreatment Gives professional in emergencies; arranges convalescentcare; carries care and advice to women to aid them during pregnancy, childbirthand the postnatal out immunisation programmes and performsotherperiod: nursing tasks in the provision ofcommunity health services. gives care and advice towomen in hospitals, other health units or private homes, May specialise in a particular field of publichealth to aid them during nursing and be designated accordingly. pregnancy, labour and postnatal period; conducts normal deliveries andcares for the new-born infant; 0-71.40 recognises warning signs of abnormalor potentially Occupational Health Nurse. abnormal conditions which necessitatereferral to a Provides professional nursing services andhealth physician and carries outemergency measures in the information for employees in workplaces: absence of medical help. gives first-aid treatment at place of employmentfor May treat or assist in the treatmentof certain minor injuries and illnesses andarranges for further medical gynaecologicaldisorders. May giveadvice and care, if necessary; renews surgical dressings and gives instruction on family planning andchild care. other routine treatment for minor injuriesor disorders A professional nurse specialisinginobstetricsis at workplace or patient's home; gives inoculations;classified as Specialisednurse (0-71.20). assists with health examinations; keepsrecords of persons treated and prepares reports foruse in compensation claims and for otherpurposes; informs 0-74 Midwifery PersonnelNot Elsewhere employer concerning health problemsamong the Classified employees; provides health and hygieneinformation to workers. Workers in this unitgroup provide practical midwifery services asa rule in private homes, 0-71.90Other Professional Nurses. when there is no physician inattendance, in This group includes professional nurses not elsewhere apparently normal obstetriccases. classified, for example those specialising in provisionof Their general functions consultant services to industrial and other organisations; are similar to those or in giving private general nursing care to patients inof Professional midwives (0-73) butthey do not their homes. have the full training and theoreticalknowl- edge of the latter.

0-72Nursing Personnel Not Elsewhere Classified0-74.10Auxiliary Midwife. Provides practical care and assistanceto women, Workers in this unit group provide simpleusually in private homes, to aid them duringpregnancy, nursing services for patients, generallyunder thechildbirth and the postnatal period; takescare of the supervision of a physicianor professional nurse. new-born infant. They do not have the full training andtheoret- The workers classified in thisgroup do not have the full training and theoretical knowledge ofProfessional ical knowledge of Professionalnurses (0-71). midwife (0-73.10). 0-72.10Auxiliary Nurse. 0-75 Provides simple nursing services to patients, generally Optometrists and Opticians under the supervision ofa physician or professional Workers in this unitgroup prescribe and fit nurse: spectacles and perform related tasks. performs a variety of simple nursing duties, suchas preparing patients for examination and attendingthe Their functions include: examining physician, taking patient'stemperature, examining eyes and prescribingspectacles or pulse and respiration rates, giving prescribed medicines treatment not involving the at fixed times, changing dressings, giving other simple use of medicines, treatments,feeding young children andelderly surgery or drugs, to conserve or improve vision; patients,assisting patients inpersonal care and assisting customers in choice ofspectacle attending to their comfort. frames, fitting prescribed lenses into frames,and Nursing aid is classified in 5-99.40. fitting frames or contact lensesto customers.

65 0/1

0.75.20 - 0-79

0-75.20Optometrist. consults physicians and physiotherapists regarding Examines eyes and prescribes spectaclesor treatment the therapeuticactivitiessuitablefor individual not involving the use of medicines,surgery or drugs, to patients; helps patients to regain physical capacities conserve or improve vision: or mental and emotional stability by occupying them examines eyes and determines visual defects bymeans in creative and manual arts, suchas weaving, clay of various tests and instruments; refers clients with modelling and leather working, or vocational activ- ocular disease symptoms toan oculist; prescribes ities such as typing and usingpower tools or training lenses or visual training to corrector improve vision; in everyday activities; writes reportson patient's tests lenses to ensure conformity with prescription. reactions to occupational therapy andprogress made; keeps equipment in good working order. 0-75.30Dispensing Optician. May design special equipment. May organiseor Assists customer in choice of frames, selects the lenses direct occupational therapyprogramme in a hospital prescribed, fits lenses in frames and fits framesto cus- or rehabilitation centre. tomer, or fits contact lenses according to prescription: 0-76.40 Masseur. reads lens specifications prescribed;measures customer for such facial features as bridge length and Massages clients or patients to improve circulation, pupillary distances; or measures dimensions ofeyes soothe or stimulate nerves,facilitateelimination of and diameter of cornea; assists customer in choosingwaste matter, stretch contracted tendons and produce frames, advising correct size and appropriate shape;other therapeutic effects: determines type, size and shape of contact lenses plans treatment according to client's needsor physi- needed; mounts lenses in frame and adjusts framesto cian's directions; rubs, kneads, strokes and otherwise fit customer, or positions contact lenseson patient's manipulates patient's body, using oilor other lubri- eyes to determine compatibility and instructs patient cant as required; instructs and supervises client in in insertion and removal of contact lenses; makes reducing, corrective or other physical exercises. repairs of spectacle frames. May administer vibration treatment, hot bathsand May sell other optical goods, such as non-prescription ray treatments in conjunction with massage. sun-glasses. 0-77Medical X-Ray Technicians 0-76 Physiotherapists and Occupational Therapists Workers in this unitgroup operate X-ray equipment to make radiographs formedical Workers in this unit group provide specialdiagnostic purposes or to give therapeutic medical therapeutic services. treatment. Their functions include: Industrial radiographer is classified in 0-39:90. treating sprains, healing fractures, paralysis and circulatory or nervous disorders by physical 0-77.10 Medical X-Ray Technician. means, usually as prescribed by a physician; Operates X-ray equipment to make radiographs for participating in planned medically orientedmedical diagnostic purposes or to give therapeutic vocational, educational or recreational activitiestreatment: designed to rehabilitate physically prepares patient for exposure to rays and, when or mentally necessary, fixes lead plates to protect parts of body disabled persons; not to be exposed to X-rays; manipulates controls massaging clients or patients to improve of machine to regulate the time and intensityof circulation, soothe or stimulatenerves, facilitate exposure; takes X-ray photograph or applies X-ray elimination of waste matter, stretch contracted treatment under direction of radiologist; develops, fixes, washes and dries X-ray film; makesminor tendons and produce other therapeutil, effects. repairs to equipment; keeps records and files. 0-76.20Physiotherapist. May specialise in diagnostic or therapeutic radiography and be designated accordingly. Treats sprains, healing fractures, paralysis, circulatory and nervous disorders by physicalmeans, usually as prescribed by a physician: 0-79Medical, Dental, Veterinary and Related instructs patients in remedial exercises tocorrect Workers Not Elsewhere Classified muscle ailments and deficiencies; administers massage and performs other body manipulations; givestreat- Workers in this unitgroup provide profes- ment by infra-red or other rays, therapeutic bathssional medical, dental, veterinary andrelated or other water treatments and by moist packs andservices not performed by those classified compresses;utilisesmechanicaldevices suchas else- vibrating and exercising machines. where. May instruct in use of prosthetic appliances. Their functions include: 0-76.30Occupational Therapist. diagnosing and treating, mainly by manipu- Participates in planned medically oriented vocational, lative methods, disorders of bones,muscles, educational or recreational activities designedto reha-blood vessels and other tissues of thehuman bilitate physically or menially disabledpersons: body;

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relieving illness believed due to pressure upon 0-79.40Sanitarian. nervous system at the spine by adjusting joints Inspects the environment, promotes measures to restore of the spine; or improve sanitary conditions and supervises their implementation: promoting, and supervising implementation of, gives advice on environmental sanitary problems; measures to restore or improve sanitary environ- initiates action to maintain the hygienic quality and mental conditions; to prevent pollution of water, air, food or son; pro- writing specifications for and fitting artificial motes preventive and corrective measures such as control of disease-carrying organisms and of harmful limbs, braces and other appliances for body substances in the atmosphere, hygienic food handling, deformities and disorders following prescription proper disposal of waste, cleaning of public places and of physician; eradication of other hazards to sanitation. performing related tasks. Sanitary engineers are classified in 0-22.50. 0-79.50Orthopaedic Technician. 0-79.20Osteopath. Writes specifications for and fits artificial limbs, braces and other appliances for body deformities and disorders Diagnoses and treats, mainly by manipulative methods,following prescription of physician: disorders of bones, muscles, blood vessels and other examines affected area for protrusions, contusions tissues of the human body: and other factors affecting fitting and placing of arti- examines patient by making a structural analysis of ficial limbs and orthopaedic appliances and takes body, using laboratory methods, instruments and measurements required; sends specifications of appli- other devices; considers results of examination and ance to Orthopaedic appliances maker and repairer factors affecting health of patient, such as diet, age (8-42.45), or other specialised worker, to fabricate and living conditions, and diagnoses nature of dis- article; fits finished appliance on patient, making orders; corrects disorders mainly by manipulation or necessary adjustments; instructs patient in proper prescribes supports and other medical aids and use of appliance. appliances. 0-79.90Other Medical, Dental, Veterinary and Related May, if law permits, practise certain branches of Workers. medical science. This group includes medical, dental, veterinary and related workers not elsewhere classified, for example 0-79.30Chiropractor. those treating sickness through the application of various herbs and medicinal plants; those treating patients with Relieves illness believed due to pressure upon nervousa system of physical culture and drugless treatment of system at the spine by adjusting joints of the spine: disease by methods aimed to stimulate or assist nature; diagnoses disorders by' making a structural analysisthose treating body ailments and nervous disorders of body, using manipulative and laboratory or instru-through mental influence and suggestion; those diag- mental methods;correctsposition.of displacednosing and treating minor ailments of the human foot vertebrae by manipulation; advises patient on coursesuch as corns, callouses, deformed toenails, flat feet and of treatment to be followed, such as corrective exer-other disorders and advising patients on further treatment, cises, diet or physiotherapeutic treatments. proper foot care and suitable footwear.

0-8 STATISTICIANS, MATHEMATICIANS, SYSTEMS ANALYSTS AND RELATED TECHNICIANS Workers in this minor group conduct research in the science of statistics to developnew and improved statistical methodology, advise on practical applications of statistical methods, plan and conduct statistical surveys and evaluate, organise and interpret statistical data; conduct research in fundamental mathematics, develop and improve mathematical techniques, adviseon application of mathematical techniques for solution of problems in specific fields; apply knowledge of mathematics, statistics and financial affairs to the design and operation of insurance and pensions schemes; analyse data-processing needs and problems of business enterprises and other organisations, advise on and introduce automatic data-processing systems; prepaze programmes to control automatic processing of data by computer; and perform technical tasks contributory to the work of statisticians, mathematicians and actuaries.They are classified in the unit groups listed below: 0-81Statisticians. 0-82Mathematicians and Actuaries. 0-83Systems Analysts. 0-84Statistical and Mathematical Technicians.

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0-81Statisticians report or other forms suitable for knownor potential Workers in this unitgroup conduct research users. May specialise in collecting, processing, evaluatingor into the mathematical basis of thescience of analysing data. May make projection of statistical statistics; series. May specialise in statistical applications inpar- develop new and improved statistical method- ticular field such as biology, agriculture, demogra- ology; phy, health, education, physical sciences,engineering, advise on practical applications of statistical economics or finance and be designated accordingly. methods; 0-82Mathematicians and Actuaries plan and conduct statisticalsurveys; Workers in this unit group conduct research applystatisticaltechniquestoevaluate,in fundamental mathematicsto advance mathe- organise, analyse and interpret numerical datamatical knowledge and develop andimprove obtained from specialsurveys or other sources.mathematical techniques; 0-81.10Statistician, General. advise on practical applications ofmathe- Conducts research to develop new and improvedmatical principles and techniquesto solution of statistical methods, advises on practical applicationsofspecific problems in scientific research,engineer- statistical methods, plans and conducts statisticalsurveys,ing, logistics, computer applicationsand other and organises, analyses and interprets statisticaldata:areas; studies mathematical theories and proofs basicto science of statistics and develops new and improved conduct logical analyses ofmanagement prob- methods for obtaining and evaluating numerical data;lems and formulate mathematical modelsfor advises on applicability and efficiency of particularprogramming and solution bycomputer; statistical methods for specified purposes; plans sample apply knowledge of mathematics, statistics surveys and other statistical inquiries, designs survey questionnaires and conducts surveys; organisespro-and financial affairs to design andoperation of cessing of data from surveys and othersources intopensions schemes and life, health, socialand tabular and other forms and directs computations;casualty insurance systems. evaluates, organises, analyses and interprets data and presents them in forms suitable for users; writes 0-82.20 Mathematician (Pure Mathematics). reports on methodological questions, design, execution Conducts research in fundamental mathematicsto and results of surveys, interpretation and evaluationadvance mathematical knowledge and developand of data, and related matters. improve mathematical techniques: studies fundamental theories of algebra, 0-81.20 Mathematical Statistician. geometry, number theory, logic and other branches ofmathe- Conducts research into mathematical basis of science matics and tests hypotheses and alternativemathe- of statistics,develops new and improved statistical matical theories with a view to increasingknowledge; methodology and advises on practical applicationsof experiments to find new applications of mathematical statistical methods and techniques: principles and techniques,or to develop and improve studies theories of probability, inference, variance and mathematical methodology foruse in particular appli- other mathematical theories and proofs basic to science cations, such as in scientific investigations, engineering of statistics to discover mathematical basesfor new projects, military planning, electronic data-processing and improved methods of obtaining and evaluating and management decision-making. numerical data; designs and testsnew statistical May utilise or direct use of electroniccomputers and methodology, experiments with sampling applications other aids in solving problems. and analytical techniques and makes recommendations 0-82.30 Mathematician (Applied Mathematics). concerning utilisation of statistical methods andtech- niques for particular purposes; investigates and Advises on practical applications of mathematical eva- principles and techniques and applies themto solution of luates statistical methods employed by otherspecialists, problems in scientific research, engineering, management such as applied statisticians and physical, life and and other activities : social scientists. applies mathematical principles and techniquesto 0-81.30Statistician (Applied Statistics). solution of specific problems in research, development, Plans and conducts statisticalsurveys, evaluates, organ- production, logistics and other functionalareas, utilis- ises, analyses and interprets statistical data andprepares ing knowledge of field in which applied suchas elec- reports : tronics, atomic energy, life sciences,space science and determines survey designs and drafts questionnairesto business management; advises other specialistson elicit information required, consulting Mathematical applications of mathematical methods in their partic- statistician (0-81.20) if necessary; conducts sample ular fields. surveys and directs other statistical inquiries; evaluates May utilise or directuse of desk calculators, electronic completeness and reliability of raw data and adjusts computerS and other aids in solving problems. and weights figures accordingly; organisesprocessing Workers specialising in operations-research analysis oldata into tabular, graphical and other formsame- are classified in 0-82.40. nable to analysis and interpretation and directscompu- 0-82.40Operations-Research Analyst. tation of averages, ratios, distributions, correlation Conducts logical analyses of coefficients and other items; analyses management problems and interpretsand formulates mathematical model of eachproblem for data and presents them in tabular, graphical,chart, programming and solution by computer:

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analyses problem requiring decision, such as making system and, in consultation with personnel concerned, choice among various proposals to ensure maximum devises alternative or revised methods and procedures, probability of profit, or effective result, in relation to combining economy with efficiency, for 'Supply of financial cost or inputs (for example analysing and suitable input to computer; prepares process flow evaluating alternative production processes in terms charts and other specifications of A.D.P. system and of effectiveness and cost); prepares mathematical procedures for guidance of Programmer (0-84.20); model, in form of one or more equations that relate conducts practical trials to verify suitability of system constants,variables,restrictions,alternativesand and makes necessary modifications. conflicting objectives and their numerical parameters, May direct preparation of programmes. May co- assembles data relating to or representative of variables ordinate activities of workers performing successive in the model, directs computations and other data phases of problem analysis, solution outlining, solution preparation and arranges for programming to test detailing, programme coding, programme testing and model and solve equations by computer; reviews error elimination. May advise on type of A.D.P. results of testing and reformulates model if necessary; equipment most suitable for client and direct and co- prepares report for management describing solution ordinateinstallation of A.D.P. systems,phasing of the problem, or showing ranking of different alter- change-over and planning parallel running of old and native solutions, according to desirability and proba- new data-processing systems.May specialise in partic- bility of success, when there is no single solution. ular aspect of systems analysis such as feasibility May evaluate results of implementation of proposals studies or introduction of A.D.P. based on operations-research analysis. May develop Operations-research analyst is classified in 0-82.40. and apply time and cost networks, such as Programme Evaluation and Review Technique (P.E.R.T.), to plan 0-84Statistical and Mathematical Technicians and control large-scale business projects. Workers in this unit group prepare programmes 0-82.50Actuary. Applies knowledge of mathematics, statistics andto control the automatic processing of data by financial affairs to design and operation of pensioncomputer and perform other technical tasks schemes and life, health, social and casualty insurancecontributory to the work of, and normally under systems: the direction and supervision of, statisticians, analyses relevant statistics and other data and appliesmathematicians and actuaries. statistical and mathematical principles to construct probability tables for such contingencies as mortality, 0-84.20Computer Programmer. accident, sickness, disability, unemployment and retire- ment; calculates required premiums or contribution Prepares programmes to control automatic processing rates taking account of such factors as administrative of data by computer: expenses, interest rates, and age, sex and occupation studies programme intent, output requirements, nature of clients; assesses surrender value of policies lapsed and sources of raw input data, internal checks and before expiry of contracted term; ensures safe and other controls required, or, where available, uses profitable investment of funds and that adequate specifications and instructions prepared by Systems reserves are available to meet liabilities at any given analyst (0-83.10); prepares detailed logical workflow time; determines equitable basis for distribution of charts and diagrams and establishes sequence of steps surplus in profit-sharing insurance. for input data preparation and computer processing operations, taking account of internal checks and other 0-83Systems Analysts controls needed; converts flow charts and diagrams into computer programme using programme language; Workers in this unit group analyse data- converts the programme, or directs its conversion, processing needs and problems of commercial, into code form to derive machine-processable instruc- industrial and other business enterprises, and tions suited to type of computer in use; conducts trial of research, administrative and other organisa- run with sample data to test validity of programme and amends programme as necessary; compiles written tions, advise on the feasibility and cost of using instructions for computer operating staff. automatic data-processing (A.D.P), and devise May adapt existing programmes to revised require- and introduce appropriate A.D.P. systems and ments. May specialise in preparation of standard procedures. programming routines for solution of common problems or in preparation of routines for translation from 0-83.10Systems Analyst. one programme language to another, and be designated Analyses data-processing needs and problems of client accordingly. or employer, advises on feasibility of automatic data- processing and develops appropriate systems and proce- 0-84.90Other Statistical and Mathematical Technicians. dures: This group includes statistical and mathematical tech- consults with client or management to ascertain specific nicians not elsewhere classified, for example those who output requirements from data-processing, such ascarry out, normally under the direction and supervision items to be identified, degree of summarisation per-of statisticians, mathematicians and actuaries, technical mitted and format for presentation of results; assessestasks contributory to research in statistical, mathematical feasibility and cost of using automatic data-processing and actuarial sciences, to analysis, mathematical formu- system; examines input data available, determineslation and solution of problems, and to other practical modifications required as regards standardisation and applications of statistical, mathematical and actuarial workflow sequence to permit application of A.D.P. methods and techniques.

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0-9 ECONOMISTS

Workers in this unitgroup conduct research and apply the principles and theories ofeconomics to formulate solutions to economic problems suchas problems of economicdevelopment, resources allocation, production, productivity,finance, trade, wages and incomes policies, prices,consumption or marketing. They are classified in theunit group mentionedbelow: 0-90Economists.

0-90 Economists 0-90.20 Economist (Specialised). Workers in this minorgroup conduct research Conducts research and adviseson economic problems and apply the principlesand theories ofeconom-in a particular branch ofeconomics: ics to formulate solutionsto economic problems performs tasks similarto those of Economist (general) (0-90.10) but specialises in arising from production,distribution andex- a particular branch of economics such as finance,international trade, labour, change of goods and servicesand referring to prices, taxation or agricultural such matters as composition or industrial economics. of production, May be designated accordingto subject area speciali- markets, trade trends,pricing policies, credit sation. structures, consumption, investmentof capital, wages and productivity, and adviseon eco-0-90.30 Market ResearchAnalyst. nomic questions ina specialised field such Conducts research to determineexisting level of sales as finance, taxation, international for particular products andservices and to assess potential trade, labour,market and future trend: agriculture or industrialproduction and investigate present and potential ascertains from clientor employer extent and nature market for particular of market informationrequired; analyses statisticson goods and services. wholesale and retail trade,estimates future trends in the economy and makes 0-90.10 Economist (General). projections of demand for particular products and services;selects samples of Conducts research and appliesthe principles and population representative of local,regional or national theories of economics to formulatesolutions to economic areas to test consumer reaction to particularproducts problems: or services, devises questionnairesto elicit required studies organisation of production, information and organises fieldsurveys or arranges marketing methods, contracts for surveys; studies methods trade trends, pricing policies,credit structures,con- and costs of sumption, employment, distribution, convenience andcustomer appeal of productivity and othereco- packaging and other aspects of nomic aspects of existingor postulated situations; the economics of compiles, analyses and interprets marketing; investigates and analysesprices and level economic and statis- of sales of competitive products tical data, constructs mathematicalmodels to represent and marketing methods economic phenomena and used by competitors; evaluatesdata obtained from all employs other econometric sources and prepares detailed reports techniques; forecasts futuredemand for goods and on market services, movements in situation and future trends providinginformation on prices and interestrates, such matters as pricing policy, changes in labour marketconditions and trends in the best geographical other economic factors; areas and income groups for deploymentof sales formulates plans to aid in campaigns, desirable modifications solution of economicproblems confronting agricultu.- of product or ral, industrial, commercial service to improve their appealto customers, and and other enterprises,and improvements :accessary in distribution governmental and otherorganisations. and packaging methods to increase marketingefficiency.

1.1 ACCOUNTANTS Workers in this minor group plan and direct accountingservices, advise onaccountancy problems, and plan and conductfinancial audits. They are classified in the unitgroup mentioned below: 1-10Accountants.

1-10Accountants 1-10.10Accountant (General). Workers in this unit group plan and administer Plans and administers accountingservices and advises accounting services, adviseon accountancy prob-on accountancy problems of privatepersons, enterprises, lems, and plan and conductaudits of accountsinstitutions and governmentalorganisations: of privatepersons, enterprises, institutions and plans, installs and adviseson budgetary, accounts governmental organisatiOns. controlling and other accountingsystems; assists in formulation of budget policiesand advises on financia 70 0/1

1-10.20 - 1-22.10

problems, management accountancy,administration carries out audit directly or with help of audit clerks; and organisation; prepares and certifiesfinancial state- inspects recording of transactions in daybooks and ments for presentation to management,board of journals and verifies transfer of journal entries to directors, stockholders or statutory publicbodies; ledgers; counts cash in hand, and checks bank balance; prepares or reviews tax returnsand contests claims inspects and verifies negotiable securities and notes before tax officials; conducts financialinvestigations receivable and payable; examines cancelled cheques in matters such as suspected fraud, royaltypayment and receipts for cash payments and purchases,verifies disputes, insolvenzy and bankruptcy; acts asliquidating journal and ledger entries and checks accuracy of trustee in dissolution proceedings and asrepresentative, arithmetical totals; prepares report for employer or arbitrator or umpire in negotiation or arbitrationof client on scope of audit and financial conditionsfound accountancy business; audits accounts andbookkeep- and recommends improvements inaccounting pro- ing records; supervises accounting activities in an cedures or other desirable action. individual establishment and plans and directswork of bookkeepers, cashiers and bookkeeping clerks or, Other Accountants. as public accountant, providesaccountancy services 1-10.90 on a fee-paying basis. This group includes accountants notelsewhere classified, for example those who specialise in costaccounting. 1-10.20Auditor. The cost accountant applies the principlesof accountancy Plans and conducts audit of accounts, bookkeepingand statistics to plan, install and directcost-finding and records and financial statements of private persons, reporting systems designed to inform managementof enterprises,institutionsandgovernmental orga-total cost per unit of output, the relativeimportance of nisations: costs for raw materials, labour,fuel, equipment, general plans audit, deciding degree of detailedcheckingoverhead and other costs, and the effect ofchanges in needed and points requiring particular attention, andquantities and prices of inputs.

1-2 JURISTS

Workers in this minor group plead cases orconduct prosecutions in courts of justice,preside over judicial proceedingsand pronounce judgments, give advice onlegal matters, draw up legal documents, draft legislation and performother legal functions.They are classified in the unit groups listed below: 1-21Lawyers. 1-22Judges. 1-29Jurists Not Elsewhere Classified.

May advise clients as to legal rights andobligations. 1-21Lawyers May specialise in particular types of cases,such as Workers in this unit group plead cases or civil or criminal proceedings, and bedesignated conduct prosecutions in courts of justice. accordingly. Their functions include: 1-22 Judges examining the circumstances of disputes or Workers in this unit group preside overjudicial reported crimes to ascertain the facts; proceedings and pronounce judgments in courts determining the applicable law; and preparing pleadings or cases for prose-of justice. cution and conducting them in court. Their functions include: ruling on procedure in court; 1-21.10Lawyer. weighing the evidence presented; Prepares and pleads cases and conducts prosecutions determining the rights and obligationsof the in courts of justice: parties involved; examines circumstances of civil disputes or charges instructing juries on points of law; alleging criminal acts or other infringements of the law, interviews clients and witnesses and takes other pronouncing judgments. measures to ascertain facts of case;studies appropriate law codes, statutes, regulations and previous decisions 1-22.10Judge. to determine applicable law; correlatesfindings and Presides over judicial proceedings and pronounces formulates pleadings or case for prosecution; conductsjudgments in courts of law: case in court of justice, examining andcross-examining listens to presentation of pleadings cr casesfor pro- witnesses and preparing and presenting final arguments methods in support of case before judge or jury. secution and rules on admissibility of evidence, 71 0/1

1-29 - 1-31.20

of conducting testimony and othermatters of pro- studying jurisprudence, writing comparative cedure; establishes rules of procedureon questions for which no standard procedures already exist;inquires analyses and compiling law codes; into and weighs evidence presented bythe parties and performing legal research relatedto the fore- determines rights and obligations of partiesin light ofgoing functions; facts established or summarises facts ofcase for jury, performing various other legal functions. instructs them on relevant points of lawand directs them to reach a decision;pronounces judgment in light of own findings or those of jury. 1-29.10Jurist (except Lawyer or Judge). May preside over divorce, criminal, appeals,arbitra- Performs legal functions (other than pleadingcases, tion or other particular type of court and bedesignated prosecuting or presiding over proceedings incourts or accordingly.May sit as member of a panel of judges,law), such as one or more of the following: or preside over panel of judges. advising clients on legal aspects of personaland business problems; representing clients in minor law- 1-29Jurists Not Elsewhere Classified suits and briefing Lawyer (1-21.10)on behalf of clients in major lawsuits; drawing up legal documents, taking Workers in this unitgroup perform legal affidavits and administering oaths and affirmations; functions not elsewhere classified. arranging probate andadministeringestatesof deceased persons; verifying land titles and arranging Their functions include: property transfers; advising commercial, industrial, giving advice on legal aspects ofpersonal, governmental and other organisations on legalmatters; business and administrative problems; studying jurisprudence, writing comparative analyses and compiling law codes; draftingnew laws and advis- representing clients in minor lawsuitsand ing on legal aspects of government legislation;per- briefing lawyers on their behalf in majorlawsuits; forming legalresearchrelatedtothe foregoing drawing up legal documents; functions. arranging property transfers; May be employee of an enterprise, institutionor government department and represent employer in drafting government legislation; legal proceedings.

1-3 TEACHERS

Workers in this minorgroup conduct classes and give private lessonsto instruct students at the third, second, firstor pre-primary level, educate handicappedpersons, undertake research and advise on teaching methods and instructionalaids, organise and direct teaching activitiesin schools, and perform related tasks.They are classified in the unitgroups listed below: 1-31University and Higher EducationTeachers. 1-32Secondary Education Teachers. 1-33 Primary Education Teachers. 1-34Pre-Primary Education Teachers. 1-35Special Education Teachers. 1-39Teachers Not Elsewhere Classified.

Physical training instructors andsports coaches instructing in educational establishmentsare classified in unit group 1-80.

1-31 University and Higher Education Teachersspecialising in a particular subject withinsuch Workers in this unit group conduct classes,fields as physical sciences, engineering,life deliver lectures, tutor and instructstudents insciences, medical sciences, mathematics,econom- courses at the third level of education. ics,law,theology,education, finearts or agriculture, or conducting third-level Their functions include: courses in applied science or technology; conducting courses of instruction at the third providing similar instruction by private level by means of lectures, demonstrationsand lessons. supervision of students' laboratoryand other 1-31.20Teacher in Physical Sciences (Third Level). practical work, setting and markingexamination Conducts courses of instruction at the third levelof papers and performing related tasks, generally education in physical science subjects: 72 0/1

1-31.25 - 1-31.70

undertakes scientific research and study,based on 1-31.45Teacher in Economics and Commerce (Third documentary and other sources, to keep abreastof Level). developmentsinphysicalsciences;prepares and Conducts courses of instruction at the third level of delivers lectures to students in third-level coursesin education in economics, business management and one or more physical sciencesubjects, such as chemis- related subjects: try,physics, geophysics, geology, meteorology or performs tasks similar to those of Teacher in physical astronomy; co: ducts student classes,stimulating and field of sciences (third level)(1-31,20) but specialises in guiding discussion of selected topics in their giving courses of instruction in economics, business study; acts as tutor to individual students,guiding and management, accountancy, finance and banking, and supervising their studies and research; conducts experiments and demonstrations as part ofinstruction of related subjects. other students; supervises students' laboratory and Teacher in Law (Third Level). practical work; prepares, or participates in preparing, 1-31.50 examination papers and marks students'written Conducts courses of instruction at the third level of exercises and examination papers. education in law subjects: May deliver extramural lectures.May organise and performs tasks similar to those of Teacher in physical direct a faculty or academic department of a university sciences (third level) ( 1-31.20) but specialises in the or other establishment of post-secondaryeducation. field of law. May organise and direct extramural practical training for students in their field of study. May specialisein 1-31.55Teacher in Education (Third Level). giving private tuition. Conducts courses of instruction at the third level of education in the subject of education and supervises 1-31.25Teacher in Engineering and Architecture (Thirdpractical training in school class work of trainee - teachers: Level). performs tasks similar to those of Teacher in physical Conducts courses of instruction at the third level of sciences (third level) (1-31.20) but specialises in the subject of education (including the theory, history, education in engineering, architecture and town planning: psychology and sociology of education, the theory performs tasks similar to those of Teacher in physical and practice of class teaching, class management and sciences (third level) (1-31.20) but specialises in one organisation of school systems); plans and supervises or another branch of engineering(including civil, practical training of trainee-teachers in class work electrical,mechanical, chemical, metallurgical and in first- and second-level schools. industrial engineering), architecture or town planning. Workers teaching industrial arts at the third (post- 1-31.60Teacher in Agricultural Science (Third Level). secondary) level, who conduct courses mainly of a prac- Conducts courses of instruction at the third level of tical nature for industrial technicians, foremen-super- education in agricultural science subjects: visors and vocational training instructors in manufacturing, mining, construction and related techniques are performs tasks similar to those of Teacher in physical classified in 1-31.80. sciences(third level)(131.20) but specialises in agricultural science subjects such as horticulture and other branches of agronomy, animal husbandry, soil 1-31.30Teacher in Life and Medical Sciences (Third and water science, farm management, silviculture and Level). forest development. Conducts courses of instruction at the third level of education in life science and medical science subjects: 1-31.65Teacher in History, Philosophy, Sociology and Related Social Sciences (Third Level). performs tasks similar to those of Teacher in physical sciences (third level) (1-31.20) but specialises in one Conducts courses of instruction at the third level of or another branch of life science(including biology, education in history, philosophy, sociology and related botany, zoology, biochemistry, physiology, anatomy, social sciences: pharmacy, pharmacology, bacteriology) or one or performs tasks similar to those of Teacher in physical another branch of medical science (including clinical sciences(third level)(1-31.20)but specialises in medicine, medical or dental surgery, gynaecology, history, philosophy, sociology, anthropology, geogra- pediatrics, tropical medicine, neurology, dermatology, phy, archaeology, political science, theology, diplo- ophthalmology, radiology, public health, veterinary macy, international affairs and other socialscience medicine). subjects. Workers teaching medical therapy, advanced nursing and related arts (including optometry) at the third(post- 1-31.70Teacher in Languages and Literature (Third secondary) level are classified in 1-31.75. Level). Conducts courses of instruction at the third level of 1-31.40Teacher in Mathematics (Third Level). education in languages and literature: Conducts courses of instruction at the third les elt of performs tasks similar to those of Teacher in physical education in mathematics and related subjects: sciences(third level)(1-31.20) but specialises in giving instruction, at the third level of education, in performs tasks similar to those of Teacher in physical literature, sciences (third level)(1-31.20) but specialises in one or more ancient or modern languages, pure mathematics (including actuarialscience, statis- philology, journalism and, related subjects. ticaltheory, and similar academic subjects) and May give instruction and vocational training in applied mathematics, as in design and functions of translating and interpreting from one language to computers and operations-research analysis. another.

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1-31.75 Teacher in Medical Therapy, Advanced Nursingtraining, for example instructor in fur tailoring and Related Arts. is classified in 7-92.20, instructor in machine- Conducts courses of. instruction at the third level oftool setting and operating in 8-33.10, instructor educationin medical therapy,nursing and relatedin electrical fitting in 8-51.10, and so forth. subjects: performs tasks similar to those of Teacher in physical1-32.15Languages andLiteratureTeacher (Second sciences(third level) (1-31.20) but specialisesin Level). giving courses of instruction and vocational training in such subjects as advanced nursing, midwifery, Instructs pupils in an establishment of secondary physiotherapy,infantcare,occupational therapy, education in languages and literature: dietetics, osteopathy, chiropractics, sanitation, opto- prepares annual programmes of workin classical metry and medical X-ray techniques. languages, modern languages and literature within limitations of specified or standard curriculum, for 1-31.80 Teacher in Industrial Arts (Third Level). classesinselectiveor comprehensivesecondary school; gives instruction at the second level of educa- Conducts courses of instruction at the third level of tion in particular subject field, conducts discussions, education in techniques of manufacturing, mining and supervises written work and maintains discipline in construction: class; sets practice exercises, tests and examinations performs tasks similar to those of Teacher in physical and marks pupils' work; keeps pupils' work perform- sciences (third level)(1-31.20) but specialises in ance, attendance and other records and reports on industrial arts subjects; gives instruction, at the third their progress to head teacher and parents. level of education, in courses which have a practical May organise or supervise pupils' extra-curricular orientation and are intended, for example, to train activities.May plan and superviseactivitiesof industrial technicians, foremen-supervisors and voca- school department of languages and literature and tional training instructors, such as courses in applied be designated accordingly.May also give instruction technology in engineering, industrial processing and in another subject field. other manufacturing, mining, construction and related fields; generally teaches in specialised training institutes Mathematics Teacher (Second Level). and technological colleges outside the regular uni- 1-32.20 versity and academic college system. Instructs pupils in an establishment of secondary education in mathematics and related subjects: 1-31.90Other University and Higher Education Teachers. performs tasks similar to those of Languages and This .group includes university and higher education literature teacher (second level)(1-32.15) but spe- teachers not elsewhere classified, for example those who cialises in giving instruction, at the second level of specialise in giving instruction, at the third level of education, in mathematics and related subjects. education, in advertising,family planning, forensic science, community development, computer program- 1-32.30Natural Science Teacher (Second Level). ming,co-operatives, hcime economics,industrial Instructs pupils in an establishment of secondary designing, library science, marketing, meteorological education in natural science subjects, such as chemistry, observation,militaryscience,music,artpainting, physics and biology: sculpture,navigation,publicadministration,sales methods, social welfare, telecommunications services, performs tasks similar to those of Languages and literature teacher (second level)(1-32.15) but spe- transport services, trade unionism or youth leadership. cialises in giving instruction, at the second level of education, in one or more natural science subjects 1-32Secondary Education Teachers such aschemistry,physics,biology,physiology, zoology or botany. Workers in this unit group conduct courses of instruction at the second level of education in 1-32.40Social Studies Teacher (Second Lewl). secondary schools and other establishments, and Instructs pupils in an establishment of secondary through private lessons. education in social studies such as history, sociology, economics and geography: Their functions include: performs tasks similar to those of Languages and teaching pupils, at the second level of edu- literature teacher (second level)(1-32.15) but spe- cation, languages and literature, mathematics, cialises in giving instruction, at the second level of education, in one or more social studies subjects such natural science, social studies, fine arts, commer- as archaeology, history, government,civics, religion, cial and secretarial subjects, arts, trades and sociology, economics or geography. crafts, domestic science, agricultural science and other subjects in secondary schools and else- 1-32.50Fine Arts Teacher (Second Level). where. Instructs pupils, in an establishment of general or Instructors occupied mainly in giving voca-specialised secondary education, in fine arts subjects such as architecture, drawing and painting, music and tional training to apprentices and other employ- dramatics: ees at their place of work areclassified in the performs tasks similar to those of Languages and occupational group corresponding to the type literature teacher (second level)(1-32.15) but spe- of work in which they give on-the-job vocational cialises in giving instruction, at the second level of

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level of education, in one or more fine arts subjects such asprimarily in giving instruction, at the second architecture, drawing, painting and sculpture, musiceducation, in philosophy, principles andpractice of physical education, pedagogy or othersubject areas and dramatics. not covered by teachers described inthe preceding 1-32.60Commercial and Secretarial Teacher (Seconddefinitions, and those occupied mainly in givingprivate Level). lessons in any subject at the second level ofeducation. Instructs pupils, in an establishment of general or specialised education, in commercial arid secretarial 1-33Primary Education Teachers subjects: Workers in this unit group teach in establish- performs tasks similar to those of Languagesandments of primary education orgive private literature teacher (second level)(1-32.15) but spe-lessons at the first level of education. cialises in giving instruction in one or mere commercial and secretarial subjects such as bookkeeping, Their functions include: business principles and practice, stenography, typing, teaching reading, writing, arithmetic and other filing and records systems and operation of officesubjects of elementary education to children in machines. May maintain relations with employers and placement primary schools, other establishments of primary services and assist students to find employment oneducation and elsewhere, or teaching such termination of course. subjects to adults who have not completed the 1-32.70Agricultural Science Teacher (Second Level). first level of education. Instructs pupils, in an establishment of general or 1-33.20First-Level Education Teacher. specialised secondary education, in agronomy, animal Teaches primary academic subjects and elementary husbandry and related subjects: principles of social behaviour to children in an estab- performs tasks similar to those of Languages andlishment of primary education: literature teacher (second level)(1-32.15) but spe- prepares annual programme of workin reading, cialises in giving instruction in one or more agricultural writing,arithmetic and other primary academic science subjects such as elementary agronomy, horti- subjects forclassinselectiveor comprehensive culture, field crop growing, animal husbandry, ele- primary school; gives instruction in primary academic mentary soil and water technology and farm econom- subjects, conducts discussion and supervises work in ics; organises and supervises pupils' practical field class; sets practical exercises and tests and marks work. children's work; maintains discipline in class and Domestic Science and General Nursing Teacher. instructs children in elementary principles of social 1-32.75 behaviour by illustration and example; keeps chil- Instructs pupils, in an establishment of general or dren's work performance, attendance and other specialised secondary education, in domestic science records and reports on their academic progress and subjects and general nursing: social adjustment to head teacher and parents. performs tasks similar to those of Languages and May also teach simple arts and crafts.May organise literature teacher (second level) (1-32.15) but spe- and supervise school pupils' extra-curricular activities. cialises in giving instruction in domestic science May also teach reading, writing and other primary subjects such as hygiene, dietetics, infant care, home subjects to adults. May take charge of school in management, kitchen and laundry techniques or addition to performing regular teaching tasks. practical nursing subjects such as elementary anatomy and physiology, hygiene, first aid, uses of common 1-33.90Other Primary Education Teachers. drugs and care of the sick. This group includes primary education teachers not Technical Education Teacher (Second Level). elsewhere classified, for example those mainly occupied 1-32.80 in giving private lessons at the first level of education, Instructs pupils, in an establishment or general oror in teaching woodwork, basket-weaving,singing, art, specialised secondary education, in crafts, industrial artssewing, or other arts and crafts in establishments of and other technical subjects: primary education, or in teaching reading, writing and performs tasks similar to those of Languages andother primary education subjects to adults who have literature teacher (second level) (1-32.1.5) but spe-not completed the first level of education, or in teaching cialises in giving instruction, at the second level ofthe elements of the national language to newly arrived education, in one or more more crafts, industrialimmigrants. arts or other technical subjects such as working in wood, metals, stone, leather or other material, tech- 1-34 Pre-Primary Education Teachers nical drafting, graphic arts, photography, elementary mechanical and electrical engineering, and other Workers in this unit group organise group and industrial arts and crafts; gives instruction in basicindividual educational activities in kindergartens theory underlying industrial arts and crafts, propertiesand nursery schools, for children below primary- of materials, functions and proper use of tools and machines, safe practices and other aspects or theschool age, to promote physical, mental and practice of arts and crafts; organises and supervisessocial development. practical work of students. 1-34.20Kindergarten Teacher. 1-32.90Other Secondary Education Teachers. Trains and organises activities of children in kinder- This group includes secondary education teacnersgarten to promote their physical, mental and social not elsewhere classified, for example those occupieddevelopment:

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plans, organises and conducts such activities as plays, 1-35.90 Other Special Education Teachers. discussions,story-telling,games, singing, dancing, drawing, painting and modelling to increase children's This group includes special education teachers not understanding of their physical and social environment, elsewhere classified, for example those who specialise stimulate and develop their interests and aptitudes, in teaching physically handicapped children, other than develop their self-confidence, encourage them in self- the blind and deaf. expression, foSler their Co-Operative social behaviour and promote their healthy physical development; 1-39Teachers Not Elsewhere Classified trains children in cleanliness, obedience, patience, tolerance and other elements of social behaviour; Workers in this unit group perform teaching evaluates and discusseschildren'sprogresswith and related functions not classified elsewhere. parents. Their functions include: 1-34.90Other Pre-Primary Education Teachers. carrying out research on current developments This group includes pre-primary education teachers in curricula, teaching methods and other educa- not elsewhere classified, for example those who organise tional practices, and advising introduction of group and individual activities such as group singing,improvements in education system; games, drawing and simple handwork and supervise conducting research on audio-visual and other meal and rest periods in nursery schools for children of pre-kindergarten age. teaching aids, advising on and organising their introduction in schools; planning, organising and co-ordinating educa- 1-35 Special Education Teachers tional programme, teaching activities and auxi- Workers in this unit group educate handi-liary services in a particular school; capped persons. carrying out periodic inspections of teachers' Their functions include: work and results achieved in application of teaching secondary or primary education sub-curriculum programme of education system; jects to blind or deaf pupils, using braille, lip teaching juvenile delinquents remanded to reading and other special aids; establishments for corrective training; teaching basic academic subjects to mentally performingotherteachingandrelated handicapped children; functions. teachingphysically handicappedchildren 1-39.20 Education Methods Adviser. other than the blind and deaf. Studies curricula, teaching methods and other educational practices and advises on introduction of improve- 1-35.20 Teacher of the Blind. ments: Teaches secondary or primary education subjects to investigates the effectiveness of established educational blind pupils, using braille: practices and carries out research on current develop- performs tasks similar to those of Secondaryor ments in teaching practices, methods and curricula; Primary education teachers (unit groups 1-32 and prepares reports and makes recommendations to 1-33), but specialises in teaching blind pupils and educationauthoritiesconcerning introductionof adapts curriculum accordingly; instructs pupils in improved methods and procedures and revisions in reading and writing braille. curricula; examines teaching methods and curricula in particular educational establishments, recommends 1-35.30 Teacher of the Deaf. improvements or new methods and advises the establishment during their introduction. Teaches secondary or primary education subjects to May organise and direct in-service training seminars deaf pupils, using lip reading and other special aids: or special readaptation courses for teachers. performs tasks similar to those of Secondaryor Primary education teachers (unit groups 1-32 and 1-39.30Andio-Visual and Other Teaching Aid Specialist. 1-33), but specialises in teaching deaf pupils and adapts curriculum accordingly; instructs pupils in Conducts research into audio-visual and other teaching lip reading and formation and development of soundsaids and advises on, plans and organises their introduc- for speech. tion in educational establishments: conducts research to develop audio-visual teaching 1-35.40 Teacher of the Mentally Handicapped. methods and equipment and to determine effectiveness of currant practides; reviews and evaluatet fiims, Teaches basic academic subjects to mentally handl- records, tapes, programmed learning systems and canped children: other available audio-visual and related teaching aids; performs tasks similar to those of Primary and Pre- recommends to education authorities the introduction primary education teachers (unit groups 1-33 and of appropriate audio-visual methods and equipment 1-34), but specialises in teaching mentally handi- and other teaching aids, and plans and organises their capped children and adapts curriculum accordingly; introduction in schools and other educational estab- determines each pupil's academic level and learning lishments. potential and plans individualcourses of study May assist in preparation of radio and television accordingly. broadcasts for schools and students at home.

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1-39.40 Head Teacher. inspects schools periodically, confers with administrative and teaching staff on questions relating to Plans, organises and co-ordinates educational curricu- curriculum, teaching equipment and other matters; lum, activities of teaching staff, and clerical and auxiliary visits' classrooms to observe teaching techniques and services in a school: toevaluateteacherperformance andscholastic determines school educational programme, within results obtained; makes reports and recommendations limitations set by education authorities; plans, organ- to education authorities regarding improvementof ises and directs activities of teachers in school and teaching techniques, needs for in-service training of co-ordinates teaching programme through meetings teaching staff, revision of curriculum content and with staff; directs or personally executes administrative related matters. and clerical activities concerning pupil admissions, May organise and conduct demonstrations and lectures provision of supplies and equipment, school meal to train teachers in new techniques and use of new service, pupil transport service and other auxiliary equipment. May inspect teaching work in a particular services;establishesand maintainsrelationships subject field, such as modem languages, science or with other educational establishments, health, welfare mathematics and be designated accordingly. and employment services and other organisations; maintains standards of pupil discipline, cleanliness and general behaviour in school; discusses progress1-39.90 Other Teachers. and problems of individual pupils with parents and This group includes teachers not elsewhere classified, teachers and recommends desirable action. for example those who teach children remanded to Frequently also teaches one or more academic subjects.establishments for corrective training; those who specialise in visiting homes to assist schoolchildren who have scholastic, behavioural or personality problems and 1-39.50School Inspector. working out with children, parents and teachers ways for Reviews and examines teachers' work and resultsovercoming difficulties; and those performing educa- achieved in application of curriculum programme oftional therapy work, in collaboration with rehabilitation education system: teams, for patients in hospitals and clinics.

1-4 WORKERS IN RELIGION

Workers in this minor group minister religion, givespiritual guidance, propagate religious doctrines, perform a variety of other functions associatedwith the propagation and practice of religions, and endeavour to cure human ailments by the powerof faith.They are classified in the unit groups listed below: 1-41Ministers of Religion and Related Members ofReligious Orders. 1-49 Workers in Religion Not Elsewhere Classified.

1-41.20 Minister of Religion. 1-41Ministers of Religion and Related Members of Religious Orders Conducts religious worship, administers ritesof faith or denomination and provides spiritual and moral Workers in this unit group minister religion guidance to members: to members of their faith and seek topropagate leads congregation in worship and prepares and religious doctrines. delivers sermons interpreting doctrines of faith and providing spiritual and moral guidance; administers Their functions include: rites of faith or denomination, such as baptism, conducting religious worship, administering confirmation and communion, and conducts marriage and funeral services; visits church members, espe- the rites of a religious faith or denomination and cially the sick and aged, and provides comfort and providing spiritual and moral guidance to the spiritual and moral guidance; directs and supervises members; religious education of church members and instructs propagating religious doctrines in their own persons wishing to join the faith. or foreign countries; May serve as minister of religion in prisons, hospitals, performing other functions associated with on board ship, in industry or in armedforces. the propagation and practice of religions. 1.41.30Missionary. Members of religious bodies who mainly per- Works to propagate a religious doctrine in own or form non-religious functions, such as nursing orforeign country: teaching, are classified elsewhere, for example establishes churches and meeting places; conducts among Professional nurses(0-71) or Teachers religious services and preaches sermons, and other- (1-3), as appropriate. wise endeavours to persuade people to accept and 77 0/1

1-41.40 - 1-51.30

follow his spiritual guidance; prepares candidates for Their functions include: acceptance by the religious body. May be an ordained minister of religion.May performing, as laymen (not members of reli- provide some medical, nursing, educational or wel-gious orders), various functions to assist reli- fare services, in addition to working in religion. gious leaders such as assisting in religious rites 1-41.40 and ceremonial, conducting religious meetings, Religious Worker (Member of Religious Order). propagating doctrine and instructing children Participates as member of a religious order in variousor other candidates for admittance to a particular religious activities and assists members of the clergy:faith; visits members of the religion, especially the sick and aged, ascertains their needs and provides minor carrying out research and study on theological welfare services for them; organises and conductsquestions. religious meetings; gives religious instruction and prepares candidates for acceptance byreligious body; assists ordained members of clergy in religious 149.20Faith Healer. ceremonies. Endeavours to crre human mental and physical May preach religion. May promote social activitiesailments by power of faith: and act as part-time youth leader. gives spiritual advice and consolation, prays by bedside of sick persons and otherwise endeavours to 141.90 Other Ministers of Religion and Related Members strengthen their faith in recovery from diseases, of Religious Orders. disorders or injuries without the aid of drugs, surgery This group includes ministers of religion and related or other medical treatment. members of religious orders not elsewhere classified, for example those attached to a central body which formulates and co-ordinates religious practices, activ-14990 Other Workers in Religion. ities and teachings. This group includes other workers in religion, for example those who, as laymen (not members of religious 1-49 Workers in Religion Not Elsewhere orders), perform various functions to assist religious leaders such as assisting in religious rites and ceremonial, Classified conducting religious meetings, propagating doctrine and Workers in this unit group perform religiousinstructing children or other candidates for admittance to a particular faith; carry out research and study on functions not performed by those classifiedtheological questions; or perform other religious func- elsewhere. tions not elsewhere classified.

1-5 AUTHORS, JOURNALISTS AND RELATED WRITERS

Workers in this minor group write literary works for publicationor dramatic presentation, write critiques of literary, artistic and musical works and of musical,dramatic and other artistic performances, and compose other written material to inform, entertainor influence the public.They are classified in the unit groups listed below: 1-51Authors and Critics. 1-59Authors, Journalists and Related Writers Not Elsewhere Classified.

1-51Authors and Critics into subject to establish factual content, assemble background material and obtain other necessary Workers in this unit group write literary works data; plans work and organises material; composes for p .blication or dramatic presentation and manuscript; revises work, ensuring coherence of appraise the merits of literary, artistic and style, eliminating errors and finishing it for printing. May specialise in a particular form of writing and be musical works and of musical, dramatic and designated accordingly. other artistic performances and write critiques for publication. 1-51.30Critic. Appraises merits of literary, artistic and musical 1-51.20Author. works and of musical, dramatic and other artistic performances and writes critiques for publication: Writes literary works for publication or dramatic reads written works, attends art exhibitions and stage, presentation: screen and other performances, and listens to radio determines subject-matter for novel, biography,poem, performances; forms personal opinion and writes play or other literary composition; conducts research criticism for publication in newspapers and magazines

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or for broadcasting, discussing quality of expression, 1-59.25Sub-Editor, Newspapers and Periodicals. technique and other pertinent factors. May specialise in particular art form and be desig- Assists with editing ofnewspapers, magazines, trade nated accordingly. journals and other publications: edits copy for spelling, punctuation,grammar and continuity; verifies factual content of articlesusing 1-59Authors, Journalists and Related Writers standardreferencesources; rewritesarticlesfor Not Elsewhere Classified greater consistency, clarity and adherenceto space limitations; prepares layout ofpages showing position Workers in this unit groupcompose written and sizes of illustrations; reads unsolicitedmanu- material to inform, entertain scripts and selects those for review by editor;drafts or influence the headlines and captions; replies tocorrespondence public. relating to publication matters. Their functions include: 1-59.30Reporter. collecting, reporting and writingcommentary Seeks and reports information of interestto public on news and current affairs for publicationorfor publication in newspapers: broadcasting; travels to scene of assignment, suchas a reported selecting, revising and arranging material for crime, a trial, a fire, an accident,an important public publication in newspapers and periodicals; function, a sports meeting ora fashion show; collects assisting with editing ofnewspapers, maga- all available information concerning assignmentby zines, trade journals and similar publications observation,interview and investigation,seeking especially information on aspects of subjectlikely or specialised sections thereof; to interest newspaper readers; writesreports based directing and supervising writers preparing on information collected and submits them to edi- programmes, continuity and scripts for screen- torial department for approval and preparationfor plays and television and radio broadcasts; publication. writing advertising copy; May submit reports by telephoneor telegraph. May specialise in particular type ofnews and be selecting, assembling and preparing publicity designated accordingly. material for issue throughpress, radio, television and other media; 1-59.35 Radio and Television Journalist. designing and writing manuals, brochures, Collects reports and comments on news andcurrent handbooks and similar technical publications;affairs for broadcasting over radio or television: performing various related functions. performstaskssimilartothoseof Journalist (1-59.15) but specialises in preparing and broad- 1-59.15 Journalist. casting reports nnd commentariesover radio and television; conducts "live" interviews withpersons Collects, reports and comments onnews and current knowledgeable on or involved in events ofcurrent affairs for publication in newspapers and periodicalsor interest. broadcasting by radio or television: May specialise in particular type of newsor in partic- interviews persons, attends public functions and seeks ular medium and be designated accordingly.May information from othersources concerning his provideextemporecommentaryonimportant subject of interest; writes reports and commentaries, public events, such as state occasions, for broad- interpreting the facts to give a personal assessment of casting by radio and television. their causes, consequences and likely implications; submits material to editorial department for approval 1-59.40Continuity and Script Editor. and preparation for publication innewspaper or magazine or for broadcasting; usually specialises in Directs and co-ordinates work of writers preparing a particular field of affairs. programmes, continuity and scripts for motion picture plays and television and radio broadcasts: 1-59.20Editor, Newspapers and Periodicals. assigns programmes and scripts to staff and free- lancewriters and discusses requirements;edits Selects, revises and arranges material for publication finished material to ensure conformity with production in newspapers and periodicals: . requirements, company policy, national laws and allots assignments to reporters, correspondents and local regulations. photographers; appraises reports, commentaries and May supervise research staff and those examining photographs submitted and selects them for publication; assigns writing of editorials and leading suggested programmes and scripts. articles to specialist writers; examines material for conformity withestablishedpolicy and literary 1-59.45 Book Editor. standards of publisher and revises it asnecessary; Appraises manuscripts submitted for publication in decides spacing and positioning of items to be included, book form, makes recommendationsthereonand writes headlines and instructs printer concerningedits or supervises editing of the material: kinds of type to be used. reviews and evaluates manuscripts of novels, bio- May write articles or columns. May specialise in graphics, collections of short stories,essays and particular field and be designated accordingly. poems, encyclopaedias, textbooks and other books

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submitted by authors and literary agents; makes 1-59.60Publicity Writer. recommendations to publisher regarding accepta- bility of material for publication and conditions of Selects, assembles and prepares publicity material publication contract; proposes rearrangement, reduc-about business or other organisations for issue through tion or revision of manuscript where necessary andpress, radio, television and other media: negotiates with author; frequentlyedits material confers with principal to establish nature of publicity for coherence of style and punctuation and otherwise and style of presentation required; examines available prepares it for publication. records, reports,articles, photographs and other May negotiate with authors concerning contracts material and selects items most suitable for publicity for future writing. purposes; writes press notices and prepares background notes for information of and use by journalists in news reports and feature articles. 1-59.50 Advertising Copywriter. May establish and maintain relations withpress and Writes advertising copy extolling merits of particular other publicity media to promote favourable publicity. products or services: May deal with written inquiries from general public confers with colleagues and client to determine type and receive non-business visitors. and style of advertisement and media of presentation; studies product or service to ascertain principal1-59.65 Technical Writer. selling points; prepares copy, obtaining desired effect Designs and writes manuals, brochures, handbooks by skilful use of words, and submits for approval. and similar technical publications: May specialise in particular medium suchas posters, examines pertinent information available in docu- the press, radio or television. May prepare pamphlets, mentary form; studies information provided by leaflets or brochures. professional, scientific and technical personnel, such as technical data concerning installation, operation, 1-59.55 Public Relations Officer. maintenance and repair of specialised equipment, and consults specialists as necessary to clarify own Plans and conducts public relations programmeson understanding; designs and writes manual, brochure, behalf of business or other organisations: handbook or similar technical publication in form plans and conducts public relations programmes and readily intelligible to intended readers; directspre- explains requirements and assigns tasks toown or paration of photographs, technical drawings, sketches free-lance publicity writers; arranges associated pho- and other illustrative material; submits draft manual tography or obtains photographic or other illustra- for technical comment and makes corrections where tive material; appraises and, as, necessary, revises necessary. material submitted by publicity writers, photographers, May specialise in particular technical subject such as illustrators and others and selects for publication electronics. and display material, photographs and illustrations judged likely to create most favourable publicity; 1-59.90 Other Authors, Journalists and Related Writers. represents employer or client in dealings with press, This group includes journalists and related writers radio, television and other publicity media, attendsnot elsewhere classified, for example those who compile business meetings and social and other functions,and write material for encyclopaedias; write words and uses skill in public relations techniques to obtainfor musical works; write scripts for television and radio desired publicity; organises special exhibitions,com-productions; adapt plays fear broadcasting or filming; petitions and social functions to promote goodwillor specialise in providing extempore commentaries on and favourable publicity. events of public interest, such as sports meetings, for Public relations manager is classified in 2-19.90. broadcasting over radio or television.

1-6 SCULPTORS, PAINTERS, PHOTOGRAPHERS AND RELATED CREATIVE ARTISTS

Workers in this minor group create and execute artistic works bysculpturing, painting, drawing, engraving and etching, apply artistic mediato illustrative, decorative and sales promotion purposes, take photographs and direct and operate motion picture and televisioncameras. They are classified in the unit groups listed below: 1-61Sculptors, Painters and Related Artists. 1-62 Commercial Artists and Designers. 1-63 Photographers and Cameramen. 1-61Sculptors, Painters and Related Artists Their functions include : Workers in this unit group create and execute creating three-dimensional decorative and artistic works by sculpturing, painting, drawing,representational forms by shaping materials such engraving and etching. as wood, stone, clay or metal;

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creating pictures, abstract designs and similar 1-61.50 Engraver and Etcher (Artistic). artistic compositions employing paints, pencils, Creates original designs and engraves or etches them pastels, ink or other media; on metal, wood or other materials for reproduction: drawing caricatures and creating cartoons to for engraving, draws design on plate or block using depict persons and events; ink or soft crayon, and uses graving tools and follows lines of drawing to cut design on plateor block; creating original designs and engraving or for etching, cleans surface of plate, prepares acid- etching them on metal, wood or other materials resistant compound, coats plate with and cuts design for reproduction; through compound exposing parts of plate to be restoring damaged, soiled and faded paintings; etched, immerses plate in acid solution to corrode performing related artistic functions. exposed parts, removes and washes plate, and repeats etching process, coating parts of design when they Workers who perform operations on a repeti- are sufficiently corroded, until desired result is achieved; tive basis for large-scale production suchas takes trial impressions and corrects engraving or etching as necessary; makes impressions of finished carving wood, stone and other material,or engraving or etching using hand press. engraving, etching and painting glass and ceramics, are classified in major group 7/8/9,e.g. 1-61.60Painting Restorer. Wood carver (8- 19.45), Stone carver (hand) (8-20.70 ),Glass engravers and etchers (8 -94) and Restores damaged, soiled and faded paintings: examines condition of painting using chemical, Glass and ceramics painters and decorators (8 -95). electrical and magnifying devices to determine nature of restoration required and such factors as reaction 1-61.20Sculptor. of original paints to chemical solvents used in resto- Creates three-dimensional decorative and represen- ration; removes painting from frame, backing or tational forms by shaping materials such as wood, stone, other support and relines it, applying special glue, clay or metal: gauze, canvas or other backing to reverse side; irons and stretches relined painting; removes accre- conceives design for sculpture and decides material tions, discolourations and deteriorated varnish from to be used; selects material of suitable proportions, painting using chemical solvents; reconstructs damaged quality and texture; carves or otherwise shapes and retouches faded paintings using knowledge of material to desired form using appropriate tools and painting styles, techniques and materials; applies coat equipment. of protective varnish or other preservative. May sketch design of proposed sculpture. May May remount extensively damaged paintings on wood make scale model in wax or plaster as guide and use measurements of model to mark guide points for or metal supports using special adhesives. shaping final material. May make moulds in preparation for casting sculptures in metal. 1-61.90Other Sculptors, Painters and Related Artists. This group includes sculptors, painters and related 1-61.30Painter, Artist. artists not elsewhere classified, for example those who Creates pictures, abstract designs and similar artisticpaint miniatures from portraits; create original designs compositions employing various media and techniques:for jewellery; create objets d'art in glass or ceramics; and repair objets d'art using same techniques as employed conceives pictures or design and selects medium, suchin their original creation. as oil or water colours, pencil, pastels or ink, in which work is to be executed; sketches preliminary outline of composition on paper, canvas, wood panel or other 1-62Commercial Artists and Designers chosen surface; applies chosen medium using appropriate techniques to obtain desired effect. Workers in this unit group apply artistic media May protect finished work by applying fixative orto illustrative, decorative and sales promotion preservative.May specialise in particular medium, purposes. technique, style or subject-matter and be designated accordingly. Their functions include: creating and executing illustrations and designs 1-61.40Cartoonist. for books, magazines, advertising and similar Creates cartoons to depict persons and events, oftenpurposes; in caricature: designing interior decoration and planning determines subject-matter, such as illustration of afurnishing of homes, public buildings, ships and story by means of a sequence of drawings, or satirical or humorous portrayal of a current political or socialother places; event; sketches cartoon in pencil on cardboard or creating designs for industrial and commercial paper and completes shading and colouring usingproducts, harmonising aesthetic considerations pen and brush. with technical and other requirements; May prepare captions for cartoons. May draw cartoons for motion pictures.May specialise in creating and executing artistic effects for use particular type of cartoon and be designated accord-in show windows and other places of display; ingly. performing various related functions.

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1-62.20Commercial Artist. pares sketch or model showing layout, colour schemes Creates and executes illustrations and designs for and other features and submits itfor approval; books, magazines, advertising and similar purposes: designs and paints set pieces, fixtures and posters, prepares working drawings and supervises construc- studies general requirements and confers with col- tion of fixtures and assembly of display material. leagues and clients to determine style of illustrations, space limitations and similar considerations; makes May arrange hire or purchase of necessary items or detailed study of subjects requiring illustrations or materials. May specialise in particular type of designs, such as children's stories, fashion articles, display design and be designated accordingly. book jackets, posters or packaging materials; formulates appropriate illustrations or designs and submits 1-62.90 Other Commercial Artists and Designers. sketches for approval; executes approved work in This group includes commercial artists and designers medium most suitable for proposed method of repro- not elsewhere classified, for example those designing duction. and painting stage scenery; designing armorial bearings; May design lettering for captions, titles, advertise-and tattooing decorative designs on clients' skins. ments,special programmes and other purposes. May specialise in a particular field and be designated accordingly. 1-63Photographers and Cameramen Workers in this unit group take photographs 1-62.30Interior Decoration Designer. and direct and operate motion picture and tele- Designs interior decoration and plans furnishing ofvision cameras. homes, public buildings, ships and other places: studies general requirements and confers with col- Their functions include: leagues and client 'to determine style preferences, taking portrait photographs of persons; space limitations and similar considerations; formu- taking photographs for commercial and indus- lates appropriatedesigns,prepares sketches and models showing wall decorations, colour schemes and trial purposes; choice and arrangement of furnishings, and submits taking photographs to illustrate stories and them for approval; estimates quantities and costsarticles for publication in newspapers, maga- of decorating materials and furnishings required;zines and similar journals; prepares working specifications and supervises decorating work and installation of furnishings. planning and directing camera work for mak- May, in collaboration with Building architect (0-21.20), ing motion pictures; design complete interior layout, fixtures and fittings. setting and operating motion picture, television, May arrange purchase of decorating materials andmicroscopic,aerial photography and other furnishings required. specialised cameras. 1-62.40Industrial and Commercial Products Designer. 1-63.10 Photographer, General. Creates designs for industrial and commercial pro- Takes photographs of persons, places, merchandise ducts, harmonising aesthetic considerations with tech-and other subjects: nical and other requirements: consults client or management to determine subject, studies purpose, technical specifications, cost limita- type and style of photograph required and other tions, available materials and methods of production, relevant information; as necessary, selects or arranges preferences of potential users and other factors suitable background setting, petitions subject and influencing design of products such as furniture, "props" and arranges lighting to obtain desired clothing,textiles,pottery,domesticappliances, effect; sets and positions camera, adjusting focus, vehicles and packaging containers; formulates design, shutter speed and other variable controls as required; endeavouring to achieve a pleasing over-all appearance operates shutter to expose photographic film or plate. compatible with technical, utilitarian and cost requirements; preparessketches showingstyle,shape, May develop negatives and make prints. May retouch size and ornamentation of product and submits them negatives and prints. for approval; makes alterations to designs as required by management or client. 1.63.20 Portrait Photographer. May make technical drawings, models or patterns of Takes portrait photographs of persons : products for guidance of production engineers and performs tasks similar to those of Photographer (gen- craftsmen. May specialise in design of particular eral) (1-63.10) but specialises in portrait photography, type of product and be designated accordingly. paying special attention to lighting and posing of Garment patternmaker is classified in 7-94.20 and subject in order to distinguish features and create Shoe patternmaker in 8-02.15. effect desired. May take photographs at social functions. 1-62.50 Dhplay Artist. Creates and executes artistic effects for use in show 1-63.30 Photographer, Commercial Illustrator. windows and other places of display: Takes photographs for commercial and industrial Plans displays for shop windows, exhibitions and purposes such as advertising and publicity: other places having regard to subject-matter, space performs tasks similar to those of Photographer (gen- and cost limitations and other considerations; pre- eral) (1-63.10) but specialises in taking photographs

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of merchandise, industrial products, machinery, per-1-63.60 Motion Picture Camera Operator. sons, buildings and other subjects for use in advertising, Sets and operates motion picture camera to film public relations, illustration of instruction manuals and scenes: for other commercial and industrial purposes. positions camera as instructed by Director of photo- May specialise in particular field such as ladies' graphy (motion picture) (1-63.50) and adjusts focus fashionsorindustrial products, and be designated and other settings; operates camera to follow action accordingly. of scene, adjusting focus as necessary and endeavouring to maintain balance and composition of picture. 1-63.40 News Photographer. 1-63.70 Takes photographs to illustrate stories and articles for Television Camera Operator. publicationin newspapers, magazines andsimilar Operates television camera to photograph scenes for journals: broadcasting: performs tasks similar to those of Photographer (gen- confers with director to ascertain nature of scene to eral) (1-63.10) but specialises in travelling on assign- be photographed and type of presentation desired; ments to photograph people and events of current instructs assistant to position camera and adjusts focus public interest. and other camera settings; operates camera to follow action of scene, adjusting focus as necessary and May specialise in particular field of news, such as sports, endeavouring to maintain balance and composition and be designated accordingly. of picture and to interpret director's ideas regarding dramatic presentation. 1-63.50 Director of Photography (Motion Picture). May specialise in studio or outside television photo- Plans and directs camera work for making motion graphy. pictures: confers with director of motion picture to ascertain1-63.90 Other Photographers and Cameramen. nature of scene to be photographed and type of pre- This group includes photographers and cameramen sentation desired; determines type of photographicnot elsewhere classified, for example those who specialise equipment required and decides lighting requirements; in taking scientific, medical or architectural photographs, supervises arrangement of lighting and positioning and photographs to aid the police in crime detection, or aerial setting-up of cameras; directs cameraman duringphotographs. course of filming. Medical X-ray technician is classified in 0-77.10.

1-7 COMPOSERS AND PERFORMING ARTISTS

Workers in this minor group compose, adapt, conduct and perform musical works and dances; produce, direct and act in theatrical, motion picture and broadcast productions; performa variety of amusing, mystifying and spectacular acts for the entertainment of circus and other audiences; and provide other forms of public entertainment.They are classified in the unit groups listed below: 1-71Composers, Musicians and Singers. 1-72 Choreographers and Dancers. 1-73 Actors and Stage Directors. 1-74Producers, Performing Arts. 1-75Circus Performers. 1-79 Performing Artists Not Elsewhere Classified.

1-71Composers, Musicians and Singers singing as soloists or members of vocal groups; Workers in this unit group compose and performing related functions. adapt musical works and conduct and participate in performances of them. 1-71.20 Composer. Their functions include: Conceives and writes musical compositions: conceiving and writing musical compositions; creates expression of ideas and emotions in musical adapting or arranging music for particular form such as symphony, sonata or opera; translates composition into standard musical signs and symbols instrumental groups, instruments or occasions; on scored music paper. conducting instrumental or vocal groups; May write words to accompany music. May specialise playing one or more musical instruments; in particular type of music such as opera, choral works,

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orchestralworks,or compositions forparticular 1-71.50Vocal Group Conductor. instruments. Conducts vocal groups such as choirs and choruses: Writers specialising in writing the words of songs and lyrics for musical works are classified in 1-59.90. performs tasks similar to those of Orchestra and band conductor (1-71.35) but trains and conducts groups 1-71.30Orchestrator. of singers instead of musicians. Adapts or arranges music to suit particular instrumental groups, instruments or occasions: 1-71.90Other Composers, Musicians and Singers. determines instruments to be employed, according to This group includes composers, musicians and singers occasion of musical performance and musical effects not elsewhere classified, for example those who select and desired; adapts or arranges original musical scores to arrange programmes of music for stage, film or broadcast produce desired musical effects, to suit particular productions. instruments, or to meet requirements and style of particular orchestras, bands, other musical groups or 1-72Choreographers and Dancers individual musicians. May write out parts for each musician in group. Workers in this unit group compose and perform dances. 1-7135Orchestra and Band Conductor. Their functions include: Conducts instrumental groups such as orchestras and bands: creating dances for ballet, musical shows, auditions and recruits members of group; positions revues and other purposes and instructing musicians in group so as to obtain balance anddancers in their performance; harmony of instruments; selects musical compositions performing dances as a soloist, with a partner to be rendered and arranges programme; conducts rehearsals,instructinginstrumentalists concerningor as a member of a dancing group. rendition required and endeavouring to make most of each instrumentalist's talents; conducts public per- 1-72.20Choreographer. formance, controlling such factors as balance, rhythm, Creates dances and instructs dancers in their perform- tempo and entries of particular instruments, to create ance: effect consistent with own interpretation of compo- studies musical scores, story or theme of production sition. and other relevant factors, and consults with composer May adapt or arrange compositions to suit require- and scenic designer concerning interpretation required; ments or style of group. May be designated accord- creates dances to harmonise with music and express ing to type of group conducted. emotions or illustrate unfolding of story; plans and writes down required movements of dancers using 1-71.40Instrumentalist. standard notation symbols; conducts rehearsals of Plays one or more musical instruments as soloist, dances,demonstrating movementsrequiredand accompanist or member of instrumental group: instructing dancers in desired interpretation. studies and rehearses musical scores, tuning instrument May specialise in ballet, dances for musical shows or as necessary and, if soloist, develops interpretation of revues or other particular type of dancing. May composition, or, if accompanist or member of group, perform dances. May plan and arrange movements endeavours to render part as directed by conductor; of performers and " extras " in pageants or other out- plays instrument at public performances and, if solo- door spectacles. ist, endeavours to produce rendition consistent with own interpretation of composition, or, if accompanist 1-7230 Dancer. or member of group, endeavours to render part as Performs dances as soloist, with partner or as member directed and watches conductor for signals concerning of dancing group: such factors as rhythm, tempo, volume and entries; normally specialises in particular instrument and is performs regular dance exercises to maintain required designated accordingly. physical condition of body and limbs and control of movements; rehearses dances under direction and May compose, improvise, transpose or arrange music. instruction of choreographer or to develop own inter- 1-71.45Singer. pretation; dances at public performances, endeavouring to interpret the dance as developed or instructed Sings as soloist or member of vocal group: in rehearsal. studies and rehearses musical score, learns lines of May specialise in particular type of dancing and be composition and, if soloist, develops interpretation of composition, or, if member of group, endeavours to designated accordingly.May compose own dances. render part as directed by conductor; sings et public May also sing or play a musical instrument. performances and, if soloist, endeavours to produce rendition consistent with own interpretation of com- 1-73Actors and Stage Directors position, or, if member of group, endeavours to render part as directed and watches conductor for signals Workers in this unit group direct and act in concerning such factors as rhythm, tempo, volume andtheatrical and film productions and tell stories. entries. Their functions include : May also act, dance or play a musical instrument. May be designated according to voice range or type playing parts in dramatic productions; of singing. interpreting dramatic presentations and direct-

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ing rehearsals of plays or other productions for1-74.20Theatrical Producer. the stage, radio, television or cinema; Plans, organises and co-ordinates production of plays telling stories and readingliterary worksand other theatrical presentations: aloud to educate and entertain listeners; considers established material, reads manuscripts of new works and selects those for presentation; arranges performing related functions. financing of production; selects Stage director (1-73.30) and technical personnel; conducts audition and selects 1-73.20Actor. cast in consultation with stage director; determines Plays parts in dramatic productions: treatment and scope of production and establishes studies play, learns lines and cues and rehearses part, operating budgets and production schedules; super- interpreting role by speech and gesture as instructed vises production and suggests or approves changes in by Stage director (1-73.30); acts part in public per- script or presentation. formances of play, endeavouring to interpret role as May also perform functions of Stage director (1-73.30). developed in rehearsals. May specialise in particular type of part and be desig-1-74.30 Motion Picture Producer. natedaccordingly.May specialiseinparticular Plans, organises and co-ordinates production of motion medium of presentation such as theatre, cinema, tele-pictures: vision or radio. May also sing and dance. performs tasks similar to those of Theatrical producer 1-73.30Stage Director. (1-74.20) but specialises in motion picture production, directing adaptation of scripts for filming, review- Interprets presentation and directs rehearsals of theat- ing scenes fihned each day and approving final editing rical productions: of filmed production. confers with appropriate specialists to develop suitable May also perform functions of Motion picture director scenery designs, sound and lighting effects, costumes (1-73.40). and choreography; assists Theatrical producer (1-74.20) in conduct of auditions and selection of cast and tech-1-74.40 Radio and Television Producer. nical personnel; directs rehearsals, instructing actors in interpretation of their parts and co-ordinating activ- Plans, organises and co-ordinates production of radio ities of sound and lighting technicians, property menor television programmes: and other personnel. considers and selects material and plans programme; determines treatment, scope and scheduling of produc- 1-73.4uMotion Picture, Radio and Television Director. tion and explains general requirements to radio or Interprets presentation, conducts rehearsals and directs television director; engages script writers, outlines filming of motion pictures, or broadcasting of perform- programme to them and reviews scripts submitted; ances by radio and television: in consultation with director, selects cast and other personnel, costumes, music, props and equipment; performs tasks similar to those of Stage director reviews production prior to broadcasting. (1-73.30) but specialises in making motion pictures or in radio and television broadcasting, and directs May specialise in particular media or type of pro- cast, cameramen and other technicians during filming gramme. May also perform functions of Radio or or from control room during broadcasting. Television director (1-73.40). May specialise in particular media, or type of film or 1-74.90Other Producers, Performing Arts. programme. This group includes producers, performing arts, not 1-73.50Story-Teller. elsewhere classified, for example those who supervise Tells stories or reads literary works aloud to educate activities of stage crews and organise backstage activities and entertain listeners: such as allocation of dressing rooms, call systems, ward- robes, scenery and stage property. selects stories and poems suitable for introducing children to literature and tells or reads and explains them; reads novels, plays and poetry, sometimes in 1-75Circus Performers serial form, for public entertainment and instruction. Workers in this unit group perform a variety May recite from memory stories and poems based on folklore.May give radio or television broadcasts. of acts for the entertainment of circus and other audiences. 1-73.90 Other Actors and Stage Directors. Their functions include: This group includes actors and stage directors not elsewhere classified, for example those who impersonate performing amusing antics and telling funny other persons for the amusement of theatre and television stories; audiences. performing tricks of illusion and sleight of hand; 1-74Producers, Performing Arts performing difficult and spectacular acro- Workers in this unit group plan, organise andbatics; co-ordinate the production of plays and other performing spectacular gymnastic feats on the theatrical presentations, motion pictures andhigh trapeze; radio and television programmes. training and performing with animals;

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performing feats on the high wire; feats on tight-ropes or high wires; and performing jug- performing juggling feats; gling feats with balls, pins, plates and other objects. performing other circus acts. 1-79Performing Artists Not Elsewhere 1-75.20Clown. Classified Performs amusing antics and tricks and tells funny Workers in this unit group perform entertain- stories to amuse circus audiences: ment functions not performed by those classified dresses in traditional clown costume or other bizarre elsewhere. or amusing style; performs amusing antics, acrobatics and tricks; tells funny stories and participates in slap- Their functions include: stick comedy sketches, often caricaturing other circus reading news bulletins and making other acts, well-known persons or events. announcements for broadcasting over radio May perform at fetes, carnivals and other functions. and television; 1-75.30Magician. introducing performing artists to music -hall, night-club,televisionandother audiences; Entertains circus, theatre, television and other audi- entertaining audiences by imitating bird or ences by performing tricks of illusion and sleiLof hand: animal noises, performing feats of hypnotism performs conjuring and other tricks of illusion to entertain and mystify audiences; performs tricks withor ventriloquism, or operating puppet shows. playing cards and other tricks by sleight of hand. 1-79.20 Radio and Television Announcer. 175.40 Acrobat. Reads news bulletins and makes other announcements for broadcasting over radio and television: Entertains circus, theatre, television and other audi- reads prepared news bulletins and makes special ences by performing difficult and spectacular acrobatics: announcements; reads advertisements on sponsored performs feats such as leaping, tumbling, somersault- programmes; usually specialises in radio or television ing, swinging and balancing, using ladders, chairs, announcing. spring-boards and other equipment. May conduct interviews with persons of interest to the May specialise in performing acrobatic feats on horse- general public. May act as master of ceremonies for back or on bicycles. May perform alone or as member certain programmes. of team. 1-79.30Compere. 1-75.50Aerialist. Introduces performing artists to music-hall, night-club, television, radio and other audiences: Entertains circus audiences by performing spectacular opens show or programme, introduces artists to audi- gymnastic feats on high trapeze: ence and generally conducts proceedings; tells jokes, performs feats such as balancing, swinging from sings, dances, plays musical instrument or otherwise trapeze to aerial platform or to another trapeze, and entertains audience between acts. somersaulting and flying stunts. May arrange for particular tunes to be played at May perform alone or as member of team. guest's request. May announce arrival of celebrities. 1-79.90 1-75.90Other Circus Performers. Other Performing Artists. This group includes performing artists not elsewhere This group includes circus performers not elsewhereclassified, for example those who specialise in entertaining classified, for example those who specialise in trainingaudiences by imitating bird and animal noises; perform- and performing with animals such as lions,tigers, ing feats of hypnotism; operating puppet shows; and elephants, bears, monkeys or dogs; performing balancingperforming feats of ventriloquism.

1-8 ATHLETES, SPORTSMEN AND RELATED WORKERS Workers in this minor group participate for gain in, and regulate the conduct of,public sporting competitions, coach sportsmen in the skills of their sport, instructpersons in the development of their physical fitness and perform various related functions.They are classified in the unit group mentioned below: 140 Athletes, Sportsmen and Related Workers. 1-80Athletes, Sportsmen and Related Workers Their functions include: participating in public competitive sporting Workers in this unit group take part for gainevents for gain; in, and regulate the conduct of, sporting events coaching sportsmen to develop their knowl- and train sportsmen. edge of, and ability in, their sport;

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participating in the regulation of the conduct140.40Sports Official. of sporting competitions; Participates in regulation of conduct of sporting instructing persons in development and main-competitions: tenance of their physical fitness by means of starts competition by blowing whistle, firing starting gymnastic and other exercises; gun, operating starting gate or giving other signal; regulates progress of competition according to estab- performing related tasks. lished rules; watches closely for infringements of 1-80.20Professional Sportsman. rules and imposes appropriate penalties on offenders; keeps record of score and time and reports or judges Participates in public competitive sporting events for gain: result of competition. trains to develop ability in football, golf, tennis, Usually specialises in particular sport and may be athletics or other sport by physical exercise and regular designated accordingly. practice, usually under direction of trainer and coach; takes part in public competitive sports meetings such 1-80.50Physical Trainer. as football matches, golf tournaments, motor or Instructs students and other persons in development horse races and athletics meetings; usually specialisesand maintenance of their own physical fitness by means in a particular sport and is designated accordingly.of gymnastic and other exercises: Workers playing chess, bridge, billiardsor similar plans course of physical exercises, including use of games for gain are classified in 1-80.90. gymnastic equipment, to develop and maintain general 1-80.30Sports Coach. physical fitness of persons or prevail, them for a Coaches sportsmen to particular sport; instructs persons in required exercises, develop theirknowledge, demonstrates correct execution, and supervises repeti- ability and performance in their sport: tion of exercises. observes sportsmen in action, analyses theirper- May give massage and heat or other special treatments formance and identifies individual or team weakness; for muscular injuries, including treatment during coaches sportsmen,demonstrating anddirecting practice of techniques required to overcome weak- games to injured players. nesses; studies strength of opposition, plans or advises team manager on match strategy and trains 1-80.90Other Athletes, Sportsmen and Related Workers. sportsmen or team in its execution; usually specialises This group includes athletes, sportsmen and related in a particular sport and is designated accordingly.workers not elsewhere classified,for example those Workers teaching chess, bridge and similar gamesteaching chess, billiards or card games or playing such are classified in 1-80.90. games for gain.

1-9 PROFESSIONAL, TECHNICAL AND RELATED WORKERS NOT ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED

Workers in this minor group perform professional and technical functionsnot performed by those classified elsewhere.They are classified in the unit groups listed below: 1-91Librarians, Archivists and Curators. 1-92Sociologists, Anthropologists and Related Scientists. 1-93Social Workers. 1-94Personnel and Occupational Specialists. 1-95Philologists, Translators and Interpreters. 1-99Other Professional, Technical and Related Workers. 1-91Librarians, Archivists and Curators collecting, organising and preserving perma- Workers in this unit group organise, developnent records and historically valuable docu- and maintain libraries, archives,museums andments; art galleries. directing and organising museums, art galleries Their functions include: and similar establishments; performing related tasks. organising, developing and maintainingsys- tematic collections of books and other recorded 1-91.20Librarian. Organises, develops ..nd maintains systematic collec- material and making them available to librarytions of books, periodicals and other recorded material users; and makes them available to library users:

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plans and supervises the acquisition, classification,four of man as an individual and cataloguing,shelvingandcirculationof library as a member material, and the maintenance of records concerningof society. its issue and return and relatedmailers; publicises Their functions include: library facilities by organising book displays and circulatingbooklists;recommendsappropriate studying the origin, development,structure, sources of information to inquirers, compiles referencesocial patterns and interrelationships ofhuman lists and, in reference libraries, assembles the material society; required; supervises maintenance of books and other studying human behaviour and mental material and arranges repair or rebindingas necessary. pro- May, in smaller libraries, also performany of thecesses and recommending treatment for psycho- more routine library duties.May make abstracts andlogical problems; summaries of important articles and documents. tracing the origin and evolution ofman and May specialise in particular type of library suchas ahis cultural and social development; children's, technical, music, referenceor film library. May advise on library policy. studying the characteristics of man's physical and climatic environment and the distribution 1-91.30Archivist. of populations and man's activities; Collects, organises and preserves records and histori- conducting research into past human activity; cally valuable documents: studying the theory,origin, development, collects and appraises recorded matter suchas govern- operation and interrelationships of political insti- ment papers, minutes of business meetings, private papers, sound recordings and films, and retains thosetutions and behaviour. of historical value; analyses andpreparesbrief1-92.20Sociologist. descriptions of contents of retained documents for reference; classifies documents andarranges their Studies origin, development, structure, social patterns safe keeping and preservation;prepares indexes,and interrelationships of human society: bibliographies, microfilm copies and other reference studies and investigates social phenomena suchas the aids; arranges photographic or other reproductionto family and the community or sociological aspects of safeguard material in constant demand,poor condi- education or of human behaviour in such fieldsas tion or of great value; assists research workers and industrial relations, crime and politics; analyses and others seeking information by making documents interprets data obtained and correlatesfindings available to them and advising themon other sources with those of other research in thesame and related of information. fields; organises and presents data and conclusions in May undertake restoration of material inpoor condi- form suitable for use by government, industry, welfare tion. May conduct researchbased onarchive organisations or other interested bodies. material. May devise methods of collection and analysis of sociological data. May speCialise in particular branch 1-91.40 Art Gallery and Masan Curator. of sociology and be designated accordingly. Organises, develops and maintains collections ofart1-92.30Psychologist. objects in an art gallery or historical, scientificor other exhibits in a museum: Studies human behaviour and mental processes and plans and organises the acquisition, classification,investigates, and recommends treatment for, psychological problems in such fields as medicine, education cataloguing and diSplay of art objectsor museumand industry: exhibits; publicises collections on display andencour- agesvisitsfor educational and otherpurposes; plans and carries out experiments and observations develops interchange of exhibits and information with on human beings and animals to measure mental and other institutions and loans of exhibits by private physical characteristics; analyses effect of heredity, owners; co-operates with research workers, allowing environment and other factors on individual thought access to material not on public display; studies new and behaviour; undertakes diagnosis, treatment and methods and techniques for preparation and display prevention of emotional and personality disorders and of exhibits. problems of maladjustment to social and occupational May conduct research on new museum acquisitions. environment;develops and administerstests to May give lectures on art gallery or museum collections. measure intelligence, abilities, aptitudes, attitudes and other human characteristics, interprets data obtained 1-91.90 Other Librarians, Archivists and Curators. and makes recommendations as appropriate. This group includes librarians, archivists and curators May specialise in particular application of psychology not elsewhere classified, for example those who specialise such as diagnosis and treatment of mental abnormal- incollecting,appraising,classifying, compiling and ities, psychological problems arising during education indexing information on specific subjects of interestto and social development of children, or industrial and business or other organisations. occupational psychological problems suchas those associated with personnel selection,training and 1-92Sociologists, Anthropologists and Related vocational guidance. Scientists 1-92A0Anthropologist. Workers in this unit group conduct research Traces origin and evolution of man through study of changes in his physical characteristics, cultural and social into the origin, development, history and behav-institutions, and living conditions:

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compares physical characteristics of fossilised human public administration, political party systems, develop- remains with those of existing racial groups, and ment of public opinion, international relations and classifies fossils according to period, origin and degree relations of government and business; consults original of development; studies pm-human fossilised remains sources, studies works of other political scientists and to trace evolution of man from lower animals; conducts related researchers such as philosophers, historians research into the development of man's cultural, and sociologists, observes working of contemporary social and economic life, by studying recorded history political institutions and practices, discusses subject and material remains of man's past such as pottery, of research with politicians, governmentofficials, - weapons, tools and architecture,taking into account officers of political parties, lawyers and other relevant the findings of researchers in related fields and knowl- persons, and in other ways assembles research data; edge of existing human societies; applies knowledge analyses and interprets research data and presents of man's cultural, social and economic development findings and conclusions in form suitable for publica- to the solution of problems of promoting change tion or use by government, political parties or other among backward peoples. organisations. May plan and conduct field excavations to discover May plan and direct public opinion surveys and material remains of man's past. May specialise in interpret results.May specialise in particular area particular branch of anthropology and be designated of politics and be designated accordingly. accordingly. 1-92.90Other Sociologists, Anthropologists and Related 1-92.50Geographer. Scientists. Studies characteristics of man's physical and climatic This group includes sociologists, anthropologists and environment, the distribution of populations and human related scientists not elsewhere classified, for example activities on the earth: those who trace the genealogical background of particular conducts research into physical and climatic charac- families. teristics of an area or region, making field studies and applying knowledge of related sciences, such as physics, 1-93Social Workers geology, oceanography, meteorology and biology; studies populations and human activities, 'including Workers in this unit group supervise and ethnic distribution, economic structure and social andprovide social services to meet the needs of political organisation, in particular areas and countriespersons in a community. of the world; advises governments and international, Their functions include: industrial and other organisations on such matters as determination of physical and ethnic boundaries helping individuals and families with their between states, economic exploitation of specific areaspersonal and social problems; or regions, potential markets and optimum trade routes. organising and supervising social, recreatio- May construct maps, graphs and charts to illustratenal and educational activities in youth clubs, findings.May specialise qn particular branch ofcommunity centres and similar organisations; geography and be designated accordingly. working to prevent development of juvenile delinquency or to achieve social and moral 1-92.60Historian. rehabilitation of juvenile and adult delinquents; Conducts research into one or more phases or aspects helping the mentally ill to submit and respond of past human activity: to psychiatric treatment and to cope with their consults available sources such as original records inpersonal and social problems; archives and libraries, private diaries and newspaper files and studies works of other historians and of preventing cruelty to children; related researchers such as archaeologists; extracts, helping the physically handicapped to adjust authenticatesand evaluatesrelevant information,to their disabilities; draws conclusions and presents findings in written or planning and organising home-help services. other form; usually specialises in history of particular area, country or period or in particular aspect of history such as economic, social or political history, 1-93.10Social Worker, General. and is designated accordingly. Helps individuals and families to understand and May act as adviser or consultant and perform researchresolve their personal and social problems: for individuals, institutions or commercial organisa- interviews clients and investigates nature, extent and tions on such subjects as technological evolution causes of their problems, taking accouiit of social, within an industry or social manners and customs of economic, environmental, medical, psychological and a particular period. other potentially relevant factors; determines type of Archivist is classified in 1-91.30. assistance required, counsels clients and assists them to improve their understanding of their problems and 1-92.70Political Scientist. secures their co-operationin coping with them; encourages and promotes development of social and Conducts research into theory, origin, development, personal adjustment; arranges for provision of appro- operation and interrelationships of political institutions, priate assistance such as financial aid, employment movements and behaviour: placement, medical treatment, recreational opportuni- pursues research in such fields as political philosophy, ties, housing, or placing in a home; follows progress theory and practice of political systems and institutions, of client after immediate problems have been over-

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come; compiles case records and prepares reportsas required. to solve problems affecting patients' health, suchas worries about financesor family difficulties, and 1-93.20 enlists aid of other social welfare servicesas necessary; Social Welfare Worker. explains need for and nature of treatmentto patient Provides advice and assistanceto individuals and and his family, seeking toovercome prejudices and families to promote their socialwelfare: secure co-operation; assists psychiatrists, psychologists and other specialists by helping patient performs tasks similar to those of Socialworker to respond (general) (1-93.10) but specialisesas a rule in social constructively to treatment; helps patientto readjust welfare problems of familiesor of particular categories to family and community life andarranges for assist- of persons, such as children, adolescents, ance of other welfare agencies such as employment unmarried and housing services;visits mothers, elderly persons, hospital patients,prison mentally subnormal inmates or employees ofa particular firm or other persons in the community and arranges welfare organisation. services for them; keeps case records andprepares reports as required. May provide social welfare service forchildren or old people in a school or special residentialestablishment 1-93.90Other Social Workers. and be designated accordingly. This group includes social workersnot elsewhere classified, for example those who specialise 1-93.30Culture Centre Worker. in the prevention of cruelty to children; helping thephysically handi- Organises and supervises social, recreationaland capped, the blind and the deaf to adjustto their disabilities educationalactivitiesinyouthclubs,communityand to cope with any associated personalor social prob- centres and similar organisations: lems; or planning and organisinga home-help service for organises activities such persons unable to cope with the running of theirown as games, dances, plays, homes. talks, discussions, debates, outings andnon-academic classes in subjects such as art, languages,politics and 1-94Personnel and Occupational Specialists handicrafts; endeavours to widen interestsof members and stimulate participation ingroup activities, encour- Workers in this unitgroup specialise in per- aging members to share responsibility for theirsonnel work, vocational guidance andoccupatio- organisation; co-operates with social workers,parents,nal analysis. teachers, employers, education authoritiesand other persons and organisations concerned with youth Their functions include: club and community centre activitiesand with the welfare problems of individual members. performing one or more functions inpersonnel work, such as employee recruitment,placement, 1-93.40Social Worker, Delinquency. or employee-management relations; Works to prevent development of juveniledelinquency advising individuals concerningcareer choice or to achieve social and moral rehabilitation ofjuvenile and development; and adult delinquents: analysing occupations to assist works among young people personnel, to prevent juvenileadministrative, research, information andother delinquency,advising communityauthoritieson development of adequate recreationaland otherfunctions of private, publicor governmental facilities for youth, promotinggroup activities amongorganisations; youth, providing guidance to potentialdelinquents organising and co-ordinating accidentpre- and enlisting aid of other specialisedwelfare services vention within an enterprise. as necessary; supervises and controlsyoung delinquents in corrective establishments, helping themto 1-94.20Personnel Specialist. cope with their personal problems and preparing them Performs personnel functions relating for their return to community lifethrough individual to employee and group work and leisure activities recruitment, placement, training, promotion,compensa- designed to tion, employee-management, relationsor other areas of promote their social and moral rehabilitation;inves-personnel work: tigates social background of offendersfor information of courts and supervises socialand moral rehabilita- ascertains manpower requirements, carryingout job tion of adult and juvenile delinquentsplaced on analyses as necessary; arranges staff transfers,adver- probation, or just released fromcorrective or penal tises vacancies, interviews and tests applicants,selects establishments, by regular interviewsand assistance most suitable candidates and settles terms ofem- with housing, employment andother problems; ployment or submits proposals to employer;plans keeps case records andprepares reports as required. and organisestraining of employees;organises employee grievance procedures and negotiatessettle- 1-93.50Psychiatric Social Worker. ments of complaints and disputes; constructs and reviews wage and salary scales; assists inplanning Helps the mentally ill and maladjustedto submit and and organisation of services suchas canteens, first respond to psychiatric treatment andto resolve their aid, pension schemes and other welfare andrecreation personal and social problems, and looksafter the welfare facilities for employees; maintains confidentialper- of the mentally subnormal: sonnel records. investigatespersonal and social backgroundsof May specialise in particulararea of personnel work, adults, adolescents or children sufferingfrom mental such as training, placementor industrial relations, and disorders or psychological maladjustmentto discover be designated accordingly. factors relevant to diagnosis and treatment; endeavours Personnel manager is classified in 2-19.80. 90 0/1

1-94.30 -1 -99

1-94.30Vocational Guidance Counsellor. 1-9520 Philologist. Advises individuals concerning career choices and Studies origin, development and structure of languages: development of work qualifications: traces origin and evolution of words and their meanings interviews applicants to elicit vocationally significant and the grammatical structure of languages through information such as their interests, aptitudes, abilities, comparative analysis of ancient and modern languages; academic achievements, work experience and personal- studies the vocal sounds employed in speech and the ity characteristics; analyses and evaluates information ways they arc combined indifferent languages; obtained and formulates appropriate career choice identifies and classifies obscure languages and recon- and development advice consistent with maximisation structs and deciphers ancient or hitherto unknown of applicant's potential abilities and personal satisfac- languages from traces found, for example in the course tion; advises applicant concerning further education of archaeological excavations; compiles language and training required, employment opportunities and classification systems, dictionaries and other works methods of application. dealing with the meaning and usage of language; May apply standard tests of intelligence and aptitudes. usually specialises in particular branch of philology May assist applicants in obtaining suitable employ- such as etymology, phonology, lexicology, semantics ment. May specialise in particular class of applicant, or morphology, and may be designated accordingly. such as schoolchildren, university students, adults or disabled persons. 1-95.30 Translator. Translates recorded verbal matter from one language 1-94.40Occupational Analyst. to another: studies original text to comprehend meaning and Analyses occupations to assist personnel, adminis- converts itinto another language, ensuring that trative, information and other services of private, public original meaning is retained and consulting dictionaries or governmental organisations: and other reference sources as necessary; ensures ascertains purpose and determines type and scope of that phraseology and terminology of legal, technical analysis required; studies jobs performed, and inter- or scientific texts are correctly rendered, and endeav- views workers, supervisors and managerial personnel ours to convey the original spirit and feeling of concerned to ascertain job functions and tasks involved, literary works in translation; usually specialises in worker characteristics required and other relevant one language, or in particular type of subject-matter factors; writes detailed job descriptions and specifica- such as business correspondence, scientific papers, tions from data obtained; makes comparative analyses political and legal documents or literary works. of job descriptions, specifications and other occupa- May revise translations to improve them. tionaldata;preparesoccupationalclassification systems, occupational information booklets, interview- 1-95.40Interpreter. ing aids for placement officers, job evaluation reports and other aids to the work of industrial, governmental Interprets the spoken word from one language into and other organisations in such fields as personnelanother: administration, manpower research and planning, provides simultaneous spoken translations of speeches training, occupational information and vocational into the language of other participants at international guidance. conferences, debates and similar proceedings; attends discussions, negotiations and similar meetings and provides consecutive spoken translations of the words 1-94.90 Other Personnel and Occupational Specialists. of the speakers into the languages of other participants; This group includes personnel and occupational spe- endeavours to interpret the exact meaning and feeling cialists not elsewhere classified, for example those who of what is said. specialise in organising and co-ordinating accident pre- May specialise inparticular subject-matter.May vention programmes and procedures within an industrial also translate written texts. organisation. Workers who specialise in the engineering aspects of 1-99Other Professional, Technical and Related industrial accident prevention are classified in unit Workers group 0-28. Workers in this unit group perform professional and technical functions not performed by 1-95Philologists, Translators and Interpreters those classified elsewhere. Workers in this unit group study languages Their functions include: and translate matter from one language into giving technical and legal advice in connection another. with applications for and granting of patents; Their functions include : developing, interpreting and applying prin- studying the origin, development and structureciples of home economics; of languageg; planning,directing and co-ordinating pro- translating recorded verbal matter from oneduction of advertising campaigns for particular language to another; clients of an advertising agency; interpretingthe spoken word from one reviewingapplicationsfor insurance and language into another. determining premiums, maximum coverage and

91 0/1

1-99.20 -1 -99.90

other conditions of insurance contracts (under- campaign; confers with heads ofmedia, art, copywriting); writing, layout, space-buying and otheragency depart- making forecasts of futureevents for clients ments, to explain broad requirementsof campaign using either horoscopesor other information and establish plan of operationsand budget for each professed to provide department; submits agency'sideas forclient's a basis for intuitive percep- approval at each stage of planningand production tion of the past and future; and co-ordinates work ofagency departments to obtaining contracts and negotiatingterms for produce advertising campaignaccordingly. publication of writers' works; 1-99.50 Underwriter. arranging contracts for performingartists and taking care of their business Reviews applications for insurance,evaluates risks interests. involved and determines thepremiums, maximum extent of cover and other conditionsto be attached to 1-9920 Patent Agent. insurance policies: Gives advice concerning patents andassists in prepar- fixes company tariffs and provisions ing applications for patents,or examines applications regulating routine submitted for registration: insurance business and determinesterms and conditions of particular insurancecontracts; examines examines drawings, specificationsand products to completed application form, inspector'sreport, medical ascertain underlying principles involved;investigates record and other relevant datato determine degree patent rights of similar or relatedproducts; as a of risk involved; ascertainsamount of insurance privateagent,preparestechnical drawings and carried by company,on single risk or group of closely specifications in form suitable forpatent application related risks, and evaluates possibilityof large losses and prepares legal wording ofrights applied for; due to catastropheor excessive insurance; refuses as patent examiner, writes reports settingout reasons application where risk is excessivefor the company for or against granting ofpatent. or reinsures (schedules) certain percentageof risk May make decisionson applications for patents. with one or more other companies;decreases proposed May represent client or patent-licensingauthority at policy value or specifiescontract endorsement to hearings relating to patent applicationsor infringe- limit company's obligation whenrisk is substandard. ments. Usually specialisesin underwriting one type of Workers concerned solely with thetechnical aspects insurance, such as automobile, fire,life or marine, of patent workare classified according to their field and is designated accordingly. of technical specialisation. 1-99.60 Astrologer and Fortune Teller. 1-99.30 Home Economist. Makes forecasts of future events forparticular clients Carries out research in homeeconomics and interprets or the general public 'basing predictions eitheron the and applies principles of homemanagement to promotepositions of stars and planetsat specified times or on health and welfare of families,to develop new consumer characteristics of clients' palms,samples of playing goods and to promote consumptionof household cards drawn at random,or other factors: goods: prepares and interprets personal horoscope, predicts advises homemakerson budgeting and other home success or failure in specified courses of actionby management problems and instructs them inimproved client and recommends propitiousdates for pursuit homemakingpracticesthroughspecialclasses, of particular objectives; interpretscharacteristics of demonstrations and home visits;writes articles of client's palms, positions of tea leavesin client's cup, interest to homemakers, suchas appreciations of new selection of playing cards drawnat random or other recipes, equipment and householdproducts, conducts information and signs professed to providea basis for radio and televisionprogrammes on homemaking, intuitive perception of past and futureevents in client's and performs public relationsand sales promotion life. work for manufacturers; advises homemakers in Performers entertaining audiences by mockinterpreta- selection and use of householdequipment, food and tions of signs in palms, playing cards, clothing and interprets theirneeds to manufacturers; crystal balls or other media and by giving demonstrationsof professed participates in research to developnew and improved powers of mental telepathy are classified in 1-79.90. food products, equipment andmaterials for the home, and similar projects. 1-99.90OtherProfessional,Technical and Related 1-99.40Advertising Account Executive. Workers Not Elsewhere Classified. Plans, directs and co-ordinatesproduction of advertis- This group includes other professional,technical and ing campaigns for particularclients of an advertisingrelated workers not elsewhere classified,for example agency: those who act as agents for writers in theobtaining and confers with client and negotiation of contracts for the publicationof their agency directors to determine works, or arrange contracts for performingartists and broad theme, objectives andbudgetary limitations oftake care of their business interests.

92 MAJOR 10 GROUP hi

ADMINISTRATIVE ANDMANAGERIAL WORKERS

Workers in this majorgroup comprise persons whoas elected or appointed members of national, state, provincialor local governments are mainly occupied in deciding or participating informulating governmental policyand in making and amending laws and officialregulations, together with thosewho, as government administrators, organise anddirect the interpretationand execution of governmental policy and thosewho, as directors andmanagers, plan, organise, co-ordinate and direct the activitiesof privateor public enterprises, or organisations, or oneor more of their departments (with certainexceptions: see definition below of minorgroup 2-1, Managers). They are classified in theminor groups listed below: 2-0 Legislative officials and.government administrators. 2-1 Managers.

2-0 LEGISLATIVE OFFICIALSAND GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATORS Workers in this minor group decide or participate in formulating governmentalpolicy, make, amend or repeal laws and officialregulations and direct the administration ofgovernment departments to implement government policy andlaws, public rules and regulations.They are elected or appointed and work in national, state, provincialor local governments or intergovernmental organisations.They are classified in the unitgroups listed below: 2-01Legislative Officials. 2-02 Government Administrators. In accordance with the general principlesof I.S.C.O., persons whoare occupied only part time as legislative officials and principally engaged inanother occupation are classified elsewhere,in the group appropriate to their main occupation.

2-01 Legislative Officials serving on government administrativeboards Workers in this unitgroup preside over oror official committees; participate in the proceedingsof legislative directing, on behalf of thegovernment, bodies and administrative councilsof national,administratorsof departments implementing state, provincial or local governments. government policy. Their functions include: Legislative officials whoserve only in a part- formulating and decidingon laws, rules andtime capacity andare principally engaged in regulations within the frameworkof a constitu-another occupationare tion determining their classified elsewhere, powers and fields ofinthegroupappropriatetotheirmain jurisdiction; occupation.

93 2

2-01.10 - 2-1

2-01.10Legislative Official. same group as managers of similar privately Presides over, or takes part in, the activities of aowned establishments (see minorgroup 2-1). national, state, provincial or local government legis-Government employees performing mainlypro- lative body or administrative council asan elected or appointed member: fessional or technical functions are classified in takes part in formulating government policy and inmajor group 0/1.Government executive offi- making, amending or repealing laws, ordinances and cials are classified in minor group 3-1.Workers official regulations; serves on government administra-in government employment whoare mainly tive boards, commissions of inquiry and committeesperforming clerical duties are classified elsewhere dealing with finance, health, defence,education, employment or other matters; investigates matters ofin major group 3, and those engagedas sales, concern to general public, or to particular persons or service, transport operating and production sections in electorate, and introduces proposals for workers are claSsified in major groups 4, 5, 6 and remedial government action or otherwise endeavours 7/8/9 as appropriate. to serve public or electoral interests. May nominate or appoint heads of government departments and ottbzhigh-levelofficials. May 2-02.10Government Administrator. preside over meetings of political heads of government Plans, organises, directs and controls, subject toa departments. May represent government at inter- broad mandate from political head or governing body, governmental meetings. May direct high-level admin- the activities of a national, state, provincial or local istrators in the implementation of government policy. government idepartment (or subdepartment), government May be designated according to post held or ftiaction administrdtive agency or intergovernmental organisa- performed. tion (or one of its departments); advises political head or governing body on important policy questions; makes 2-02 Government Administrators decisions within his broad discretionary power; performs other high-level functions in connection with government Workers in this unit group advise governments administration: on policy questions and plan, organise and direct plans, organises, directs and controls the activities of a activitiesof government departments and government department (or one of its subdepartments), agencies to implement government policy and or other government administrative agency, or an laws, rules and regulations. intergovernmental organisation (or one of its depart-. ments); advises political head of government depart- Their functions include: ment or governing body on policy questions and refers participating in forming governmental policy major policy matters for final decision; consults other and directing its application by national, state, administrators and co-ordinates action on questions of provincial Or local government departments mutual concern; interprets government policy directives within his field of reference, issues instructions and agencies which deal with subjects such as and ensures that they are carried out by Government finance, 'health, education, justice, labour and executive officials (classified in 3-10.10) responsible to public welfare, or performing similar functions him; deputises for superior in carrying out one or in intergovernmental organisations. more of the above functions; performs functions similar to the above in a regional office of a government Government employees who might sometimes department or administrative agency. be called "administrative officials" but who do May represent country as ambassador, consul-general not perform the above-mentioned functions (de- or permanent delegate to an intergovernmental scribed in more detail under 2-02.10) are classified organisation. elsewhere. Government employees who manage Is commonly designated according to post held. a government-owned or government- controlled Government employees mainly occupied in managing government business enterprises and assimilated establish- industrial, commercial or other business or ments are classified in minor group 2-1 in the same way institution, are also excluded and classified in the as managers of similar private enterprises.

2-1 MANAGERS

Workers in this minor group plan, organise, co-ordinate and direct public and private industrial, commercial, public utility, transport, communications and other undertakings, establishments and organisations (or one or more of their departments).They are classified in the unit groups listed below : 2-11General Managers. 2-12 Production Managers (except Farm). 2-19 Managers Not Elsewhere Classified.

94 2

2-11 - 2-12

This minor group includes all workers and working proprietors mainly performing management functions as described in the definitions which follow (see, for example, 2-11.10 and 2-12.10), with the exception that: (a) all managers and working proprietors of wholesale and retail businesses are classified in minor groups 4-0 and 4-1 respectively; (b) all managers and working proprietors of enterprises operating catering and lodging services are classified in minor groups 5-0 and 5-1 respectively; (c) all farm managers and farmers are classified in minor groups 6-0 and 6-1 respectively. Not included in minor group 2-1 are those workers who have the status of working proprietor or who have special titles, including such terms as "chief", "director" or "manager", but who do not principally carry out duties within the scope of the functions of management.In such cases the workers are classified in other major groups, following the principle of classification according to the main type of work performed.Thus, classified in major group 0/1 are those who, with or without the assistance of other workers, principally perform professional or technical functions; and classified in major groups 3 to 7/8/9 are those who, with or without the assistance of other workers, principally perform functions described in the definitions of the various crafts and trades, and personal service, supervisory and other occupations covered by those major groups. Government administrators who plan, organise and direct activities of government departments and agencies to implement government policy and laws, rules and regulations are classified in unit group 2-02.

2-11General Managers undertaking, establishment or organisation, and co- ordinates the work of departmental managers or other Workers in this unit group plan, direct, immediate subordinates: control and co-ordinate, on proprietors' or on assesses the existing situation, past performance and own behalf, the activities of an industrial, com- projections for the future and determines the programme of the undertaking or organisation; determines mercial, public utility, transport, communica- how the programme objectives should be achieved, tion or other enterprise or organisation. consulting imifiediate subordinates on such matters as Their functions include : methods of operation, equipment required, finance, sales and personnel; controls the activities of the formulating and determining,within the undertaking or organisation, co-ordinates the opera- powers delegated to them by a board of directors tions of functional sections and delegates the detailed or similar governing body, or by official decree, implementation of the programme to immediate sub- the general policy and programme of the enter- ordinates; decides general policy questions; represents the undertaking or organisation in negotiations or prise or organisation; directs negotiations on its behalf; decides or approves determining the methods by which the pro- senior staff appointments; reports to proprietors or gramme should be carried out; board of directors as required. controlling and co-ordinating the activities of the different functional sections of the enterprise or organisation; 2-12Production Managers (except Farm) conducting or directing negotiations on behalf of the undertaking; Workers in this unit group plan, organise, approving senior staff appointments. direct and control the activities of the production General managers and working proprietors ofdepartment of an undertaking. certains types of establishments are specifically Their functions include: excluded from this unit group: see definition of participating in formulating production policy; minor group 2-1.Government administrators drawing up production programme of the are classified in unit group 2-02. undertaking according to policy decisions of general manager; 2-11.10General Manager. estimating and ensuring provision of the Plans, organises, directs and controls, on proprietors' labour, materials and equipment needed; or on own behalf, an industrial, commercial or other controlling, through subordinates, the orga-

95 2

2-12.10- 2-19.40

nisation of work andco-ordinating the activities mental managers and others of production department. on matters relevant to research planning and participatesin formulating research and development Farm managersareclassifiedinminor policy; plans researchpro- group 6-0. grammes and projects, making estimatesof time, staff and equipment neededand financial costs;organises and directs the work 2-12.10Production Manager (except of the department in accord- Farm). ance with general policy directives;evaluates the Plans, organises and controlsthe production activities methods and progress ofcurrent investigations and the of an undertaking or establishment, ensuring efficientuse significance of results; adviseson practical methods of of equipment, materials andpersonnel, and participates application of results ofresearch and development in formulating the productionpolicy of the undertaking: work; reports to generalmanager on progress and accomplishments. assesses production requirements, plantcapacity and performance; consults generalmanager on the production policy of the undertaking 2-19.30Sales Manager (exceptWholesale and Retail or establishment and Trade). consults departmentalmanagers about matters relevant to production planning such as financial limits, Plans, organises and controlssales activities ofan manpower available, materials supply,marketing and industrial undertaking distribution; formulates, with or other organisation, excepta the assistance of sub- wholesale or retail business;and participates in formula- ordinates, the productionprogramme, including time ting sales policy: and cost estimates, material and personnel require- assesses market potential and evaluates ments; makes decisions regardingplant maintenance sales record; consults generalmanager and departmentalmanagers and recommendations regardingreplacementof to determine price schedules, equipment ;controls through subordinatesthe organisa- discount and delivery tion of work and co-ordinates terms, staff and sales promotionbudgets; plans and the activities of produc- organises sales tion department; devisesprocedures for inspecting and programmes including sales methods, incentives, special campaignsand staff training;con- reporting production results;reports on production trols and co-ordinates the plans, activities and resultsto general manager as activities of the sales depart- required. ment, consults Sales supervisors(4-21.90) about current developments includingcustomer reaction to pro- May negotiate with productionworkers' representa- ducts for sale, and decides tives on questions such questions concerning sales as wage-setting and working department activities;reports to general manageron conditions. sales activities. 2-19 Managers Not May personally negotiatelarge sales contracts. May Elsewhere Classified plan, organise and controlmarket research relatedto sales activities. Workers in this unitgroup perform managerial May negotiate with advertisingand functions not elsewhere sirrIlar agencieson the preparation and presentation of classified. the organisation's salespublicity and approve material Their functions include: before pubization. planning, organising, directingand controlling M6nagers (wholesale andretail trade) are classified a department (other than the productiondepart- in unit group 4-00. ment) of an undertaking, establishment ororga- 2-19.40 Administration Manager. nisation, within generalpolicy laid down by directorate, or governingbody; Plans, organises and controlsthe internal administration of an industrial, commercialor other organisation participating in formulation ofpolicy concern- and participates in formulatingthe administrative policy ing a particular department; of the organisation: drawing up theprogramme of the department assesses the organisation's needs forrecords, informa- in accordance with policydecisions of general tion, communication andother common services; manager; consults general manager anddepartmental managers on co-ordinationof activities and participatesin co-operating with otherdepartments of the formulating administrative policy;plans and organises organisation; *the administrative andcommon services, devises pro- negotiating with external cedures for ensuring theadequacy of information and organisations on communication services for questions affecting departmentalpolicy; departments and initiates reporting to general studies of organisation andmethods, including the manager or governing use of data-processing equipment;ensures statutory body on work of thedepartment. obligations affecting the organisationare observed and furnishes statements andreports on these subjectsas 2-19.20 Research and DevelopmentManager. required; controls thecommon services and co- ordinates departmental reporting Plans, organises and controlsresearch and develop- and record-keeping ment work, in an industrial enterprise systems; negotiates with suppliers ofbusiness services, or other establish- insurance, telephone and other ment, relating to such mattersas development of new or services. improved technicalprocesses, new or improved products May act as secretary to the boardof directors or governing body. and utilisation of differentmaterials, and participates in May, in non-profit-makingorganisations, formulating research policy: haveresponsibilityformaintaining membership assesses the research and development records, ensuring that examinationand registration requirements of regulations are observed,or carrying out similar func- the enterprise; consults withgeneral manager, depart- tions. 96 2

2-19.50 - 2-19.90

Workers sometimes described as "office managers", in formulating policy concerning operation and develop- who are occupied mainly in directly supervising workers ment of the service: in clerical occupations, are classified in unit group 3-00. assesses adequacy of existing services, having regard to volume and likely trends in traffic, and the capacity of 2-19.50Budgeting and Accounting Manager. installed equipment ; consults general manager and Plans, organises and controls, within powers delegated other departmental managers and formulates opera- to him, the financial operations of an industrial, commer- tional and development policies; devises or approves cial or other organisation and participates in formulating methods and procedures for the efficient operation of the financial policy of the organisation: the service, the maintenance of security and application assesses the financial situation of the enterprise; esti- of regulations; controls and co-ordinates operational mates receipts and expenditure in relation to the pro- activities and decides questions arising out of these gramme and policies of the organisation; consults activities; reports to general manager on postal or general manager and departmental managers on telecommunications operations. financial aspects of production, research and other May take part in determining postal and telecommuni- programmes, presents budget proposals to the gov- cations rate structures.May carry out all or some of erning body or board of directors on behalf of the the above functions in respect of a territorial division general manager and advises on general financial and report to the central authority on the activities of questions such as the effective use of resources and his area. financing of capital expenditure; plans and organises Postmasters are classified in 3-52-10. budgeting,accountingandexpenditurecontrol systems; controls and co-ordinates budgetary and accounting activities and decides questions arising out 2-19.80Industrial Relations and Personnel Manager. of the financial operations of the organisation; Plans, organises and controls industrial relations and reports to general manager on budgetary, accounting personnel activities of an industrial or commercial under- and other financial matters. taking or other organisation and participates in formulating the recruitment, training, wages, safety, welfare and 2-19.60Transport Operations Manager. other personnel policies of the undertaking: Plans, organises and controls operational activities assesses personnel resources employed by the under- in road, rail, air or water transport and participates in taking or available in relation to present and future formulating policies to ensure the efficient handling of needs; consults general manager and departmental freight and passenger traffic and the best use of transport managers on questions such as recruitment, wage equipment; scales, use and discharge of personnel and the conduct assesses adequacy of existing transport facilities and of negotiations or consultations with workers' rep- time schedules, the organisation of work and the resentatives; participates in formulating personnel efficiency of use of equipment; consults general man- policy; plans and organises procedures for recruitment, ager and other departmental managers about matters training, promotion, safety, health and welfare o relevant to transport planning :and participates in personnel, determination of wage structures, communi- formulating transport operating policy; devises or cation and consultation with workers, adjustment approves methods and procedures for operating freight of grievances and other personnel matters; advises and passenger services, time schedules and routes; and assists departmental managers on personnel controls and co-ordinates work of transport operations questions; controls and co-ordinatesactivities of department and decides questions arising out of trans- personnel department and decides questions arising out port operations of the undertaking; negotiates with of these activities; advises or assists general manager in other transport undertakings and represents his under- negotiations with representatives of workers' organisa- taking in relations with public or other authorities; tions or himself negotiates or directs negotiations. reports to general manager on transport operatiorr! May represent undertaking before industrial arbitra- activities. tion courts or other labour tribunals. May specialise May participate in fixing passenger and freight rate in industrial relations work and be designated accord- structures where these are not controlled by govern- ingly. mental body or transport associations.May plan development of passenger and freight services and 2.19.90Other Managers. negotiate with major users.May carry out all or some of these functions within a territorial division and Workers in this group plan, organise, direct and con- report to appropriate higher authority. trol a department within an undertaking, establishment or organisation, such as departments concerned with the Railway station masters are classified in 3-51.10. following: buying business and other services or supplies and materials for processing and fabrication; warehouse, 2-19.70Operations Manager (Postal or Telecommunica- bond store or cold store services; pipeline services; tions Services). advertising, public relations and public information Plans, organises and controls operational activities of services; investment and loans services; or perform other a postal or telecommunications service and participates managerial activities not elsewhere classified.

97 MAJOR GROUP

CLERICAL AND RELATED WORKERS

Workers in this major group put into effect laws, rulesand regulations made by central, state, provincialor local governments; supervise clerical and related work, transport and communications service operations;compile and maintain records of financial and other business transactions; handlecash on behalf of an organisation and its customers; record oralor written matter by shorthand writing, typing and othermeans; operate office machines and telephone and telegraph equipment; conductpassenger transport vehicles; take part in postal work and mail distribution and perform other duties relatedto the foregoing. They are classified in the minorgroups listed below: 3-0 Clerical supervisors. 3-1 Government executive officials. 3-2 Stenographers, typists and card- and tape-punchingmachine operators. 3-3 Bookkeepers, cashiers and related workers. 3-4 Computing machine operators. 3-5 Transport and communications supervisors. 3-6 Transport conductors. 3-7 Mail distribution clerks. 3-8 Telephone and telegraph operators. 3-9 Clerical and related workers not elsewhere classified.

3-0 CLERICAL SUPERVISORS

Workers in this minor group organise and supervise the daily activities of office workers ina public or private establishment.They are classified in the unit group mentioned below: 3-00Clerical Supervisors. Workers who mainly perform managerial duties, such as planning and co-ordination ofactivi- ties of office departments, are classified in minor group 2-1. Workers (such as head typist, chief bookkeeper, telephonist-in-charge, etc.) whoseduties consist primarily in supervising a group of workers all of whom perform essentially thesame type: of clerical work (e.g. typing, bookkeeping, telephone operating, etc.)are classified in the same group as the workers supervised. 3

3.00 - 3-10.10

3-00Clerical Supervisors organises and co-ordinates operation of bookkeeping, correspondence, recording and other clerical activities Workers in this unit group organise andsuper- within an establishment or its general office; devises vise the daily activities in offices or special office procedures to ensure an efficient flow of work; allocates work to be performed and controls and examines departments of public or private establishments, work done, or allocates work to specialised units such including allocating work to be performed and as bookkeeping, typing and correspondence units and controlling and examining work done. delegates responsibility for its execution and verifica- tion to heads of the specialised units; prepares reports for the guidance of management as required. 3-00.10Clerical Supervisor (General). Supervises and co-ordinates the daily activities of 3-00.90Other Clerical Supervisors. workers engaged in clerical and related duties in the This group includes clerical supervisors not elsewhere general office of a public or private establishment,or ofclassified, for example those who supervise workers those engaged in such work in more than one section ofengaged in various clerical and related occupations in an establishment: one particular section of an establishment.

3-1 GOVERNMENT EXECUTIVE OFFICIALS

Workers in this minor group put into effect government policydecisions and implement laws, rules and regulations under the direction of Governmentadministrators (unit group 2-02).They are classified in the unit group mentioned below: 3-10 Government Executive Officials. Following the principle of classification according totype of work performed, government employees whose principal functionsare to carry out professional, technical and related duties are classified in major group 0/1 and those whose duties consistmainly in supervising clerical workare classified in minor group 3-0.Government employees performing mainly clerical and relatedwork, such as bookkeepers, cashiers, stenographers, typistsand telephone or telegraph operators,are classified in minor groups 3-2 to 3-9, and those performingmainly sales, service, production, transport operation or labouring duties are classified,as appropriate, within major groups 4, 5,, 6 and 7/8/9.

3-10 Government Executive Officials departmental heads orofficialcommittees; writing reports to informor advise adminis- Workers in this unit group put into effecttrators on policy questions, departmentalpro- government policy decisions and implement laws,grammes and other matters; rules and regulations under the direction of performing other duties delegated bygovern- Government administrators (unit group 2-02).ment administrators, generally with the assistance They work it national, state, provincialor localof subordinates. government departments or agencies,or in intergovernmental organisations, dealing with Governmentemployeeswhoseprincipal subjects such as finance, taxation, trade, health,functions are to carry out professional, technical education, social insurance and employment. and related duties are classified in majorgroup Their functions include: 0/1 and those whose duties consist mainly in directing a unit, section supervising clerical workare classified in minor or local office of agroup 3-0. government department in the implementation of government policy decisions and laws, rules and regulations; 3-10.10Government Executive Official. making decisions on matters arising in the Puts into effect, according to instructions from admin- detailed implementation of government policy istrators, the policy decisions of central, state, provincial decisions, laws, rules, regulations and instruc-or local government and implements laws, rules and tions of government administrators, except in administrative regulations; takes decisionson matters important cases; arising in the detailed implementation of instructions from administrators, subject to reference of exceptional performing executive secretarial duties for or important questions or cases for determination at

100 3

3-2 - 3-21.40 higher level; performs one or more of a variety of func- inspects working conditions, including safety and wel- tions of the kind described below: fare arrangements, in factories and other workplaces; consults administrators to obtain directives and indi- controls, as official in charge, a specialised branch of cations of policy to be followed; acts, within a govern- an embassy, legation or consulate-general; undertakes ment department (central, state, provincial or local) executive secretarial duties for departmental heads as official in charge of a section dealing with particular or official committees; undertakes research not requir- administrative matters concerning such official services ing specialisedscientific, professional or technical as labour, national service, defence, education, justice, qualifications using such sources of informationas police, prisons, welfare, public assistance, fire protec- government documents and files, publications and tion, weights and measures inspection, employment interviews with knowledgeable persons in the country injury compensation, prices and wages control, staffing or overseas; makes comparative analyses and writes and organisation of government departments and other reports for the responsible administrator (see 2-02.10) government functions;directs localoffice dealing needing information and advice on policy questions, with such matters as assessment of taxes, socialsecu- departmental programmes, administrative problems rity and pensions matters, employment placement and and other matters; determines salary questions and apprenticeship, collection of customs and excise duties; staffing arrangements for the different government directs in local office official services suchas prepara- establishments; inspects and reports on the organisation of registers of electors, registration of births, tion of work and methods used in government offices. marriages and deaths, immigration, registration of Usually is assisted by subordinates. aliens admitted into country and issue of passports; Commonly designated according to post heldor approves applications for import and export licences; function performed.

3-2 STENOGRAPHERS, TYPISTS ANDCARD- AND TAPE-PUNCHLNG MACHINE OPERATORS

Workers in this minor group record oralor written matter by shorthand and typing and operate card- or tape-punching machines.They are classified in the unitgroups listed below: 3-21Stenographers, Typists and Teletypists. 3-22 Card- and Tape-Punching Machine Operators.

3-21Stenographers, Typists and Teletypists shorthand, makes a transcription in typewritten form, and performs certain clerical duties to relieve superior of Workers in this unit group record oralorroutine tasks: written matter by shorthand writing and typing records dictated letters, reports or other matter in on ordinary or specialised typing machines. shorthand; types matter from shorthand notes, recording on dictating machine or other sources; makes Their functions include: appointments for superior and reminds him when they recording material in shorthand and tran- are due; deals with inquiries and answers and makes scribing it in typewritten form; telephone calls; passes personal and important mail making appointments for superior and dealing to superior and deals with routine correspondence on with telephone calls; own initiative; takes care of special files. May use a shorthand-writing machine. making verbatim records of proceedings in shorthand; 3-21.30Verbatim Reporter. typing material from drafts, existing docu- Makes verbatim records of proceedings by shorthand ments or dictation; writing or using a shorthand-writing machine: operating teletype or teleprinter machines to attends meetings, lectures, courts of law and other transmit and receive messages. proceedings and makes verbatim records in rapid shorthand; dictates shorthand notes to typist or into 3-21.10Stenographer-Typist (General). dictating machine, or passes notes to typist for tran- Records various kinds of dictated or other matter in scription. shorthand and makes a transcription in typewritten form: May be designated according to type of proceedings records in shorthand, by hand or shorthand-writing attended. May perform typing duties. machine, dictated letters or other matter; types matter from shorthand notes, written drafts, recordingon 3-21.40Typist. dictating machine or other sources and cuts stencils. Transcribes in typewritten form letters, reports, docu- May perform limited clerical duties. ments, accounts and other material from written or printed sources, from recordings on a dictating machine, 3-21.20Stenographic Secretary. or other sources: Records various kinds of dictated or other matter in types letters, memoranda and similar matter from

101 3

3-21.50 - 3-31.20

written drafts or recordings; types statistical infor-that record data in the form of punched holes mation, after determining layout in accordance with instructions or using own judgment; typeson forms,in cards or special tapes foruse in data process- bills, invoices, insurance policies or other documentsing machines or for otherpurposes. and cuts stencils; checks typewritten work forcor- rectness. 3-22.20Card- and Tape-Punching Machine Operator. May perform limited routine clerical work. May be Operates alphabetic or numeric key-punch machine designated according to material typed or machine used. to record data on cards or tapes or to verify the correctness of punching: 3-21.50Teletypist. loads machine with decks of cards or reels of magnetic Sends and receives messages by means of a teleprinter: or paper tapes; sets machine in operation and moves establishes electrical connection with another tele- switches to select appropriate functions; depresses keys printer or network of teleprinters; sendsmessages by to record data from source material in the form of pressing keys of teleprinter; receivesmessages and perforations on card or tape or make magnetic detaches them from machine; reports faults tosuper- impressions; observes machine to detect faultyopera- visor or to telecommunications service centre. tion. Telegrapher is classified in 3-80.40. May operate machhie that types identifying data on cards as holes are punched. May verify accuracy of 3-21.90Other Stenographers, Typists and Teletypists. data punched, by performing similar tasks as for This group includes stenographers, typists and tele- punching, using keyboard-type machine that rejects typists not elsewhere classified, for example those who incorrectly punched card or tape. operate typewriters with removable type of various sizes and styles. 3-22.90Other Card- and Tape-Punching Machine Operators. 3-22Card- and Tape-Punching Machine This group includes card- and tape-punching machine Operators operators not elsewhere classified, such as those who work on specialised equipment such as flexowritersor Workers in this unit group operate machineson special verifying machines.

3-3 BOOKKEEPERS, CASHIERS AND RELATEDWORKERS

Workers in this minor group keep records of business transactionsand handle cash on behalf of an organisation and its customers and otherpersons; calculate costs and wages and perform other specialised bookkeeping and computing clerical duties.They are classified in the unit groups listed below: 3-31Bookkeepers and Cashiers. 3-39Bookkeepers, Cashiers and Related Workers Not ElsewhereClassified.

3-31Bookkeepers and Cashiers makes necessary calculations; makes and checks entries in and totals ledgers at regular intervals; Workers in this unit group keep records of compiles reports at specified intervals to show receipts, payments, balances of accounts owing to or by the the financial transactions of an undertaking and undertaking and other financial information. handle cash on its or its customers' behalf. May prepare financial statements and accounts for Their functions include: the year or other specified period, calculate and performing bookkeeping operations for the arrange payment of wages, prepare statements of whole or parts of an undertaking; accounts for customers and perform a variety of other receiving, changing and paying outmoney tasks related to bookkeeping. in banks, offices, post offices and other establish- Accountants are classified in unit group 1-10. ments; receiving cash in retail stores, theatres and3-31.20 Bookkeeping Clerk. other establishments. Maintains records of one phase of an undertaking's financial transactions, for example accounts receivable or accounts payable or performs other limited book- 3-31.10 Bookkeeper (General). keeping functions: Maintains complete records of financial transactions verifies accuracy of relevant documents and makes of an undertaking: necessary calculations; makes and checks entries and verifies accuracy of documents and records relating to totals ledgers, balancing them at regular intervals. payments, receipts and other financial transactions and May make physical check of stock, calculate commis-

102 3

3-31.30 - 3-39.20

sions, discounts and interest charges and perform machine.May be designated according to nature of related tasks. establishment or type of transaction carried out. Usually works under supervision of Bookkeeper (gen- Transport conductors are classified in unit group 3-60. eral) (3-31.10). Workers occupied mainly in operating bookkeeping machines are classified in 341.20. 3-31.70Post Office Counter Clerk. Receives letters and parcels, sells postage stamps and 3-31.30Office Cashier. conducts other post office counter business such as services Takes charge of cash and keeps records of cash transfor the transfer or banking of money and the payment actions incidental to the conduct of a business: of accounts or licence fees: receives incoming cash, checks it against sales slips or weighs letters and parcels and computes amounts due other documents; prepares money for deposit at bank for postage, registration or insurance; sells postage and and arranges withdrawals; verifies cash held against other stamps; receives and pays out cash in connection records. with money transfer, banking or other services operated by the postal service; keeps records of transactions and May make up wage sheets and wage packets and pay balances cash, stamps and vouchers at the end of each wages. May make certain payments or authorise period of duty. them on own responsibility.May use adding, calculating or cheque-writing machines and perform a May obtain telephone connections for customers, receive and dispatch telegrams and assist in the sorting variety of other tasks related to monetary transactions. of mail. Other clerical workers employed by postal organi- 3-31.40 Bank Teller. sations are classified elsewhere according to the particular Deals directly with clients of a bank in respect ofwork performed, for example Mail sortingclerk deposits and withdrawals and related matters: (3-70.20), Correspondence clerk (3-93.20), Filing clerk checks and completes deposit and withdrawal slips (3-95.30), etc. presented by clients, examines cheques and verifies signatures and customer's credentials or account 3-31.90Other Bookkeepers and Cashiers. balance; makes appropriate entriesin customer's This group includes bookkeepers and cashiers not account book or on documents to be transferred to elsewhere classified, for example those who check book- accounts section; usually receives and pays out cash keeping entries and other financial records to verify their and checks cash balance against transactions at end accuracy and completeness. of day. May calculate commission or charges on transaction made. May perform above functions without hand- 3-39 Bookkeepers, Cashiers and Related ling cash where this operation is performed by bank Workers Not Elsewhere Classified Cash desk cashier (3-31.60).May specialise in foreign exchange, travel cheques or other types of across- Workers in this unit group perform bookkeep- the-counter transactions and be designated accordingly. ing,cash-handling and financial computing Workers transacting business relating to loans, invest- duties not elsewhere classified. ments and similar financial matters are classified in 3-39.40. Their functions include : calculating wage, material, overhead and other 3-31.50 Money Changer. operational costs; Changes money from one currency to another: calculating wages due from records of hours ascertains customers' requirements; verifies that trans- worked or work performed by individual action complies with foreign currency exchange control employees; regulations; counts and examines currency and travel carrying out specialised clerical tasks relating cheques to be exchanged; calculates equivalent value to the financial transactions of a bank, invest- in required currency and issues money accordingly; counts and records cash at the beginning and end of ment or other financial organisation; each period of duty and prepares reconciliation performing other bookkeeping, cash-handling statement. and financial computing tasks.

3-31.60 Cash Desk Cashier. Receives cash in payment for goods or services and 3-39.20Cost Computing Clerk. gives change to clients in a retail store, railway or boat Calculates wage, material, overhead and other opera- station, theatre or other establishment or performs simple tional costs of an establishment: cash-handling operations in a bank: selects records such as time sheets, payrolls, production checks amount receivable, collects cash, gives change records, material accounts and operating charts and and issues receipts or tickets as required; pays out extracts data required for calculations; calculates unit cash against written orders or credit notes and obtains costs of different operations or products and presents receipts; keeps records of amounts received and the information obtained in form required. paid and reconciles cash balance with records. May prepare a composite report showing total costs, May use a cash register or an automatic ticket-issuing selling prices and profit.

103 3

3-39.30 - 3-42.20

3-39.30 Wages Clerk. transactions of a bank, investment house or other financial Calculates wages due from records of hours worked organisation: or work performed by individual employees: interviewsclients,preparesfinancialdocuments, enters on individual wage records information on hours handles collateral and completes transactions for worked, rates of pay, overtime, bonusor piece-work clients desiring loans on securities; maintains records earnings and deductions for taxes, social security and of bonds, shares, or other securities bought or soldon other contributions; computes amounts due and behalf of clients or employer; calculates interest or records details on sheets and workers' pay statements; brokerage charges and stamp duties; performs other prepares summaries of payments and deductions. clerical tasks pertaining to financial transactions. May make out pay cheques and prepare and distribute May be designated according to types of transactions wage packets. performed or type of organisation in which employed. Workers whose duties consist mainly of maintaining 3-39.90Other Bookkeepers, Cashiers and Related records of time worked, or periods workers have been Workers. on duty, are classified in 3-39.90. This group includes bookkeepers, cashiers and related workers not elsewhere classified, for example those collect- 3-39.40Finance Clerk. ing rents or hire purchase payments; keeping records of times of arrival and departure of workers; changing Carries out specialised clerical tasks relating to financial currency units of large denominations into smaller units.

3-4 COMPUTING MACHINE OPERATORS Workers in this minor group operate bookkeeping, calculatingand automatic data-processing machines. They are classified in the unitgroups listed below: 3-41 Bookkeeping and Calculating Machine Operators. 3-42 Automatic Data-Processing Machine Operators. Computer programmer is classified in unitgroup 0-84.

3-41Bookkeeping and Calculating Machine add, subtract, multiply or divide, according to type Operators of calculation required; records results of calculations and enters them on forms or documents according to Workers in this unit group operate bookkeep- instructions received; verifies information on payrolls, invoices, balance sheets, statistical summaries and ing machines to make records of business trans- other records by repeating the calculations made in actions and make arithmetical calculationson compiling the information. keyboard calculating machines. May operate machine to make complex calculations such as obtaining square roots.May be designated Automatic data-processing machine operators according to type of machine operated. are classified in unit group 3-42.

3-41.20 Bookkeeping Machine Operator. 3-42 Automatic Data-Processing Machine Operators Operates a bookkeeping machine to make records of business transactions: Workers in this unit group operate automatic selects required kind of bookkeeping form and insertsmachines which classify, sort, calculate, it in machine; examines invoices, receipts and other sum- documents for correctness; presses keys of machinemarise and record scientific, technical, business keyboard and manipulates levers to record dataonor other data. paper and to calculate and record totals, net amounts Their functions include: and other computations. operating electronic computers, electricalor May prepare bills and invoices by use of machine and perform a variety of clerical tasks related to bookkeep- electro-mechanical punched-card sorting, tabu- ing.May be designated according to type of book-lating and related machines; keeping machine operated or to type of records operating peripheral units of data-processing maintained. equipment, such as card-to-tape convertorsor high-speed printers. 3-41.30Calculating Machine Operator. Operates an electrical or manually actuated machine3.42.20Electronic Computer Operator. which makes arithmetical calculations: Sets and controls electronic computer to process ascertains nature of calculations to be made; pressesbusiness, scientific, engineering or other data according key of machine keyboard and manipulates levers toto operating instructions :

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3-42.30 -

sets control switches on computer and peripheral deck of cards; observes machine for malfunctioning equipment according to programme and operating and stops machine to remove jammed cards; routes instructions; loads input, output andmemory units processed cards to next work station. with tapes, punched cards, print-out forms and May operate one kind of machine, such as sorting magnetic drums; starts operation and observes control panel on computer console for machine or tabulating machine, and be designated error indications, accordingly.May maintain files of punched cards. machine stoppages or faulty output and takespre- scribed remedial action; clears units at end ofrun and Card- and tape-punching machine operator is classified records -operating times. in 3-22.20. May control computer to provide inputor output service for another computer. 3-42.90 Other Automatic Data-Processing Machine Operators. Computer programmer is classified in 0-84.20. This group includes automatic data-processing machine 342.30 Punched-Card Machine Operator. operators not elsewhere classified, for example those who operate card-to-tape or tape-to-card converting Operates machines in which cards punched with holesmachines; operate optical scanning equipment for trans- representing statistical or other data are sorted intoferring mechanically information represented by specially specific groups, or machines which process data frommarked characters to punched cards, tape or other docu- cards into tabulated and recorded form: ments; or operate other specialised equipment for use in sets controls or wires control panel of machine toconnection with computers such as high-speed printing perform the required operations; loads machine withequipment.

3-5 TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS SUPERVISORS

Workers in this minor group supervise, control and inspect land, air and waterbornetransport service operations and telecommunications service operations. Theyare classified in the unit groups listed below: 3-51Railway Station Masters. 3-52Postmasters. 3-59 Transport and Communications Supervisors Not Elsewhere Classified.

3-51Railway Station Masters an urban locality or other limited geographical Workers in this unit group organise, controlarea. and co-ordinate passenger and related railway 3-52.10Postmaster. services at a railway station and supervise the Organises, controls and co-ordinates postal and related operation of trains within the station limits. services in an urban locality or other limited geographical area: 3-51.10 Railway Station Master. organises and controls in a local post office, either Organises, controls and co-ordinates passenger and directlyor through subordinates, the collection, related services at a railway station : processing and delivery of mail and the conduct of organises and controls railway passenger services ata other post office services such as the sale of stamps, station, including sale and collection of tickets, hand- sending and receipt of telegrams, transfer of money, ling of baggage, parcels and mail bags and providing payment of pensions and savings bank business; co- information to clients; supervises operation of all ordinates the activities of workers under his control trainswithin the station limits; co-ordinates the activi- and organises staff training; exercises surveillance of ties of workers under his control; exercises surveil- application of security procedures; attends to customer lance of application of security measures; attends to complaints; reports periodically to regional director complaints regarding the service; reports periodically of postal services. to divisional or regional superior. May publicise postal services and negotiate with local May engage temporary staff.May control collection suppliers of goods and various services.May engage and delivery of goods by road vehicles. May be temporary staff and control sub-post offices in his area. required to develop passenger and parcel traffic and also undertake some or all of the duties of Railway goods agent (3-59.35). 3-59Transport and Communications Supervisors Not Elsewhere Classified 3-52Postmasters Workers in this unit group supervise, control Workers in this unit group organise, controland inspect service operations of a transportor and co-ordinate post office operations withincommunications undertaking.

105 3

3-59.20 - 3-59.50

Their functions include : 3.59.35 Railway Goods Agent. supervising railway or road transport services Directs and controls freight service at a railway yard: by field inspection; supervises shunting operations and the collection, de- supervising freight service at a railway yard; livery, loading and unloading of goods; co-ordinates the activities of all employees in yard and goods office; directing the movement of railway trains exercises surveillance of application of security rules; within a specified area; ensures that complete records are kept and that collec- preparing time schedules and assigning drivers tions and deliveries are made against authorised and vehicles to particular routes or trips; documents. controlling and supervisingairtransport May be required to develop goods traffic in the area services; served by his yard. controlling the routing and transmission of3-59.40 Road Transport Service Supervisor. radio, telephonic and telegraphic communica- Supervises and co-ordinates one or more of the service tions; activities of the traffic department of a road transport performing similar controlling and super- undertaking: visory duties in connection with ferry, barge or supervises, directly or through subordinates, andco- pipeline services. ordinates the activities of workers engaged in route planning and scheduling of passenger and goods Railway station masters are classified in unit vehicles, allocation of vehicles and drivers according group 3-51 and Postmasters in 3-52. to operating requirements, loading and unloading of vehicles, storage of goods in transit, provision of terminal facilities, authorisation of departure of 3-59.20 Railway Service Supervisor. vehicles, cleaning and servicing of vehicles or other Supervises and co-ordinates one or more of the service operational services; conducts investigation of users' activities of the traffic department of a railway under- requirements, prepares reports on operational effici- taking: ency and makes proposals for future development for the information of management. supervises, directly or through subordinates, and co- ordinates the activities of workers engaged in passenger May prepare and give evidence to public authorities and goods traffic handling, the manning of trains, in support of applications for route and service allocation of rolling stock, make-up and break-up of authorisations. trains, preparation of operating schedules or other operational services; conducts investigations of users'3-59.45 Road Passenger Transport Service Inspector. requirements, prepares reports on operational effi- Makes field inspections of road passenger transport ciency and makes proposals for future development services: for the information of management. rides buses and trams to determine cause of non- Railway station master is classified in 3-51.10 and conformance with schedules; makes investigations, Railway goods agent in 3-59.35. such as checking running time between points, the time taken to load and unload passengers and baggage, 339.25 Train Dispatcher. and the volume of traffic at different points and at different times of the day; checks the 'efficiency and Directs the movement of trains within a division or deportment of vehicle crews and the correct issue of zone of a railway system: tickets to passengers; recommends changes to manage- issues instructions to signalmen, engine drivers, train ment for the improvement of operating efficiency. conductors and brakemen; keeps record of train May re-route trams or buses in cases of traffic conges- movements; re-routes or re-schedules trains during an tion. May collect information and prepare reports emergency; reports to his superior on deviations, train in connection with proposals for new or revised accidents and damage to railway; co-operates with services. other train dispatchers. May select types of engine to meet the need of runs,3-59.50 Air Transport Service Supervisor. assign drivers and crews and keep records of engines available and in use. Supervises and co-ordinates one or more service activities of an air transport undertaking: 3-59.30 Railway Transport Service Inspector. supervises, directly or through subordinates, and co- ordinates passenger and cargo-handlingservices, Makes field inspections of railway and underground including organisation of seat reservations, preparation transport services. of passenger lists and freight manifests; co-ordinates rides passenger and freight trains to determinecause arrangements for flights and ensures required flight of non-conformance with schedules; makes investiga- authorisations are obtained; directs and co-ordinates tions, such as checking running times between stations, the activities of workers under his control; conducts time taken to load and unload passengers or freight, investigations of users' requirements, prepares reports and volume of traffic at different stations; examines on efficiency of different units and methods and makes schedules and records at stations; checks the efficiency proposals on future development for the information and deportment of train crews; recommends changes of management. to railway management for improvement of operating May prepare evidence for submission to regulatory efficiency. agencies. May organise staff training.

106 3

3-59.60 - 3-60.30

3-59.60Air Traffic Controller. workers engaged in operation of telecommunications services and organises staff training; conducts investi- Clears aircraft for landings and take-offs at airport gations of users' requirements and prepares reports and controls aircraft in flight in the vicinity of airport or for management on operating efficiency and makes in a designated sector of airspace: proposals for future development. controls movement of aircraft about to leave; transfers departing flights to surveillance of sector controller May negotiate with owners of property affected by and takes over control of incoming flights; controls communications services. and moaitors airport lighting and other airport instal- Foremen-supervisors concerned with installation and lations and issues instructions to pilots and groundmaintenance of telecommunications equipment are classi- staff in cases of emergency; examines and approves fied in unit group 8-56 and Telecommunications engineers flight plans received from agents of companies usingare classified in 0-23.40. the airport; if in charge of a sector of airspace, transfers outgoing flights to next sector controller; accepts 3-59.80Postal Services Supervisor. flights entering his sector and advises pilots on altitude Supervises and co-ordinates mail collection, sorting required to maintain separation of aircraft and gives and distribution services, for a defined geographical area: warning of changes in weather conditions. plans mail routes, collection points and collection and delivery schedules and co-ordinates local with national 3-59.70Flight Operations Officer. mail distribution services; supervises and co-ordinates Co-ordinates flight planning and assists in monitoring the activities of postal workers engaged in collecting of en-route operations: and receiving incoming mail, checking and cancelling co-ordinates planning of flights; assists in monitoring postage paid, sorting letters, packages and parcels, of en-route operations; applies company practices and recording registered mail, dispatching and delivering policies and advises pilots-in-command accordingly sorted mail and performing related tasks; exercises in all matters affecting diversions. general supervisionover applicationof security precautions. May share responsibility with pilot-in-command for authorising flight departures. 3-59.90Other Transport and Communications Supervisors. 3-59.75Telecommunications Service Supervisor. This group includes transport and communications Controls and supervises telecommunications opera-supervisors, dispatchers and controllers not classified tional services, such as radio, telephone and telegraph:elsewhere, for example those supervising and co-ordina- supervises telecommunications traffic handling, theting one or more of the operational activities of a barge, preparation of operating schedules or other operationalferry or pipeline service and supervising the activities of services; directs and co-ordinates the activities ofworkers cngaged therein.

3-6 TRANSPORT CONDUCTORS

Workers in this minor group take charge of trains, buses and other public transport vehicles during journeys and safeguard passengers.They are classified in the unit group mentioned below: 3-60 Transport Conductors.

3-60Transport Conductors directs activities of crew; signals engine driver to start or stop, taking precautions for safety of passengers; Workers in this unit group take charge of supervises switchingof coaches and loading and unloading of parcels and small items of freight; keeps passenger trains, buses and other public trans- records of items loaded and unloaded and of coach port vehicles during journeys, deal with passen- numbers making up train; takes appropriate action gers, ensure that safety regulations are respected in case of emergencies or accidents; gives information and that time schedules are maintained. to passengers about train rules, train stops, connections and timetables; submits report at termination of each Their functions include: run or shift. taking charge of passenger trainduring May collect tickets, passes or fares from passengers. journey; Railway freight train guards are classified in 9-84.20. supervising sleeping or pullman car; dealing with passengers on trains and buses; 3-60.30Sleeping- or Pullman-Car Attendant. signalling driver to start or stop; Takes charge of sleeping car or pullman car on a rail- performing similar duties in other publicway train: conveyances. checks entry on passenger list and collects sleeping car or pullman car tickets; keeps records of tickets received 3-60.20Railway Passenger Train Guard. and passengers' destinations, and advises passengers Takes charge of passenger train during journey: when trains are approaching their destinations; provides

107 3

3-60.40 - 2 -70.90

for comfort ofpassengers and answers their inquiries. stops and opens and closes doors; controlsmovement May take charge of observationand lounge section of of passengers on bus and train. ensures observance of regulations concerning their safety and comfort;co-operates Workers on railway dining, buffetand parlour cars with driver in maintaining timeschedules; keeps whose duties consist whollyor mainly of preparing or simple records, such as of trips, ticketsissued, fares serving meals and alcoholicor other refreshments are collected and hours on duty. classified in minorgroup 5-3. May work on tram, trolleybus, coachor other road 3-60.40 Bus Conductor. passenger transport vehicle and be designated accordingly- Issues tickets and supervises safetyand comfort of passengers on buses: 3-60.90Other Transport Conductors. collects fares and issues tickets; signalsto driver to This group includes transport conductors stop when passengers wish to alight from not elsewhere or board bus,classified, for example those in chargeof passengeri in . and signals again when safe to pullaway; announcescable cars, ferries and hovercraft.

3-7 MAIL DISTRIBUTIONCLERKS

Workers in this minor group perform sorting, recording, delivery andother duties in connection with the distribution of mail andthe forwarding ofmessages. They may be employed in public services or private enterprises.They are classified in the unitgroup mentioned below: 3-70Mail Distribution Clerks. Workers primarily engaged in drivingvehicles for mail transportare classified in minor group 9-8.

3-70 Mail Distribution Clerks of arrival on incoming mail and recordvaluable items. May collect mail from post office anddistribute to Workers in this unitgroup perform sorting, departments of an establishment. recording, delivery and other duties inconnection with mail distribution and theforwarding of3-70.30Postman: messages. Delivers mail along a regularroute to private homes Their functions include: and business establishments after sortingit according sorting and delivering mail to privatehousesto streets and street numbers: and elsewhere; delivers letters, small packages andprinted matter performing mail handling dutiesin public sent through the mail service; collectsmoney for cash- on-delivery packages; records deliveries ofregistered postal services; mail. sorting, delivering and keeping simplerecords May deliver telegrams and night lettercables. May ofincoming andoutgoingletters,small collect mail from mail-boxes and assist insorting it. packages and messages inan enterprise or orga- May drive vehicle on deliveryroute or collection nisation; round. dispatching outgoing mail andperforming related duties. 3-70.40Messenger. Delivers messages, packages and other itemsto offices 3-70.20 Mail Sorting Clerk. within an establishment or elsewhere; Sorts and dispatches mail according walks or rides vehicles and delivers variousitems for to destination and employer, suck as documents, files, packages performs associated duties accordingto employment in and postal or other establishment: messages, within an establishment to other business concerns or elsewheNt; carries out other errandsas in postal organisation, examines mailfor correct required. postage and cancels stamps by hand or machine; sorts May keep simple records and obtain receipts for outgoing mail according to destination;redirects articles undelivered mail where address is known, delivered.May perform additional duties, suchas deals with those of receptionist, and be variously designated. inadequately addressed mail and initiatesinvestigation of complaints regarding lost items;in other organisations opens incoming mail andsorts it for delivery3-70.90 Other Mail Distribution Clerks. to departments. This group includes mail distribution clerksnot else- May examine outgoing mail for destination,seal inwhere classified, for example those dispatching outgoing appropriate envelopes and affix stamps byhand ormail after calculating required postage and affixingstamps frank by postage meter. Maystamp date and timeor franking mail in a machine.

108 3

3-8 - 3-9

3-8 TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH OPERATORS

Workers in this minor group transmit and receive messages by operating telecommunications equipment on land and sea and in aircraft.They are classified in the unit group mentioned below: 3-80 Telephone and Telegraph Operators. Operators of special typewriters such as telex or teleprinter equipment are classified in 3-21.50.

3-80Telephone and Telegraph Operators 3-80.40Telegrapher. Operates telegraphic equipment to transmit and receive Workers in this unit group transmit andmessages by wire or radio: receive messages by operating wire and radio translates messages into Morse code and operates telephone and telegraph equipment. telegraphic keyboard to transmit them; interprets Their functions include: incoming aural signals Fired records message in writing; operating public service and private telephone delivers message or passes it to delivery services; keeps switchboards; record of messages sent and received. May test and maintain telegraphic equipment. May operating wire or radio telegraph equipment also operate teleprinter. May be employed by news- in land stations; paper or railway company and be designated accord- operating radio communications equipment ingly. on board aircraft and ships; performing other functions related to message transmission by telephone and telegraph. 3-80.50Ship's Radio Officer. Operates radio telegraph and radio telephone equip= 3-80.20Telephone Switchboard Operator. ment on board a ship: Operates a telephone switchboard or a section thereof, transmits messages by radio telegraph or radio, tele- dealing with local or long-distance calls: phone; receives and records incoming messages, observes switchboard for incoming calls and moves including navigational and other data, by radio; keeps cords, switches or other devices to make contact with log of messages sent and received; makes minor caller and person called; makes connections for out- repairs to radio equipment. going calls; routes long-distance calls or gives necessary May maintain radar equipment. instructions to other switchboard operators; observes and records charges for long-distance or other calls. May deal with telephonic inquiries, give information 3-80.60Flight Radio Operator. and record messages. Operates radio equipment aboard aircraft in flight: 340.30 Radio-Telephone Operator (Land-Based). maintains contact with ground stations; sends and Operates land-based radio telephone equipment to receives messages by radio, gives informatiOn to the transmit messages to or receive them from, ships, aircraft, aircraft pilot and keeps radio log book; inspects and vehicles, field or other installations: tests equipment before flight. tunes radio set to desired frequency and adjusts as May replace defective parts. required; establishes contact with station called or acknowledges incoming calls; transmits and receives operational and other messages, in ordinary language 3-80.90Other Telephone and Telegraph Operators. or in codes. This group includes telephone and telegraph operators May conduct routine tests and make minor repairs. not elsewhere classified, for example those engaged mainly May type and transmit messages by teleprinter.Mayin receiving and transmitting information and messages operate telephone switchboard. by telephone.

3-9 CLERICAL AND RELATED WORKERS NOT ELSEWHERE CLASSil4ILD

Workers in this minor group perform various clerical and related duties not elsewhere classified.Included are those who record the receipt, storage, weighing and issuing of finished goods or materials; dispatch, receive, store, issue and weigh materials; prepare orders for materials required for production processes; calculate quantities needed and draw up production schedules;prepare business letters and other correspondence; provide information and services to visitors in agencies; code and compile statistical data; operate office machines for reproducing copies of documents;

109 3

3-91 - 3-92 operate addressing machines; carry out other recording, correspondenceand filing tasks.They are classified in the unit groups listed below : 3-91Stock Clerks. 3-92Material and Production Planning Clerks. 3-93Correspondence and Reporting Clerks. 3-94Receptionists and Travel Agency Clerks. 3-95Library and Filing Clerks. 3-99Clerks Not Elsewhere Classified.

3-91Stock Clerks 3-91.40Storeroom Clerk. Receives, stores and issues tools, merchandise, equip- Workers in this unit group maintain recordsment or other goods and maintains relevant records: of goods and materials received, weighed, issued, checks incoming goods against demand notes, vouchers dispatched or put into stock. or other documents and notes damages or deficiencies; enters details of goods received in storeroom ledgers or Their functions include: on record cards; ensures that goods are placed in controlling and arranging receipt and dispatch correct position in store, marking them with identi- of goods and materials and keeping relevant fying data as required; issues stock and makes records; requisitions for replacements according to instructions maintaining stock records and periodically or on own initiative; periodically checks stock against checking stock held against the records; stock records and submits reports. maintaining records of stores, supplies and May be designated according to type of goods in store. spare parts held in storeroom and of issues and 3-91.50Weighing Clerk. replacements received; Weighs goods received, issued, produced or dispatched weighing goods and materials received, issued,and maintains relevant clerical records: produced or dispatched and keeping relevant places or directs the placing of goods on weighbridge records. or other weighing device; reads scale of weighing machine, makes allowance for weight of container or 3-91.20Dispatching and Receiving Clerk. carrier, certifies or issues vouchers and enters details in record book; collates details of goods weighed and Arranges and controls the receipt and dispatch of submits returns and reports as necessary. goods and keeps appropriate records: May examine and classify goods weighed. May be checks incoming goods against bills of lading, vouchers designated according to materials weighed. and other documents, notes damages or deficiencies and arranges delivery as required; examines particu- 3-91.90Other Stock Clerks. lars of goods to be dispatched; studies schedules and cost tables and decides upon the best method of trans- This group includes stock clerks not elsewhere classi- portation; arranges assembly of goods and ensuresfied, for example those who compile inventories of that they are correctly addressed and otherwise readyfurniture and household effects received for storage in for dispatch; makes out dispatch notes and attendsdepositories. to such matters as insurance, customs clearance, collection, routing and delivery; keeps records of3-92Material and Production Planning Clerks goods dispatched and received. May supervise warehouse porters and other workers Workers in this unit group compute quantities May specialise and be designated according to type ofof materials required at specified dates for the goods handled, nature of clerical duties performed orproduction programme of an undertaking or type of transport employed. prepare production operations schedules. 3-91.30Stock Records Clerk. Their functions include : calculating the amounts of materials needed Maintains stock records of an enterprise, verifies issues, estimates needs and requisitions new stocks: for production programmes and ensuring they examines delivery and issue vouchers and makesare available when required; necessary entries in records; calculates stocks held in drawing up productionschedules,taking various departments, examines production, sales oraccount of demand and production capacity for other records and estimates future needs; makes requisitions to obtain required stock; periodicallyvarious items of output, and keeping records checks records against stocks held. of performance. May check inventories kept by other workers.May Production planning engineers and technicians be responsible for safe custody of stock. are classified in minor group 0-2/0-3.

110 3

3-92.20 - 3-93.90

3-92.20 Material Planning Clerk. 3-93.20Correspondence Clerk. Computes quantities of materials required for the Composes and sends letters and takes other action production or construction programme of an under-necessary to deal with the correspondence of private taking,ascertainsstocks,schedulesdeliveriesandemployers, associations, companies or official bodies: verifies execution of orders: reads incoming mail and, where appropriate, links it computes quantities, qualities and types of materials with previous correspondence on the same subject; required by production programme; converts require- examines documents or makes inquiries to obtain infor- ments into conventional sizes and quantities; pre- mation necessary for replies; initiates correspondence pares schedules of requirements of materials at various as required; writes, drafts or dictates letters for typing; dates during a specified period; verifies availability of notes dates on which reminders or further letters are to stocks or arranges deliveries; investigates delays and be sent. initiates remedial action. May maintain correspondence files.May be desig- May analyse drawings to estimate materials required. nated according to the type of correspondence handled. 3-92.30 Production Planning Clerk. 3-93.30Personnel Clerk. Prepares or assists in preparing production operations Keeps employment records of an organisation's per- schedules, using data derived from customers' orders andsonnel: information on production capacity and performance: prepares documents relating to new employees show- analyses orders and summarises demand according to ing name, address, qualifications, rates of pay and product specifications and prepares or assists in prepar- other details and amends records as necessary; keeps ing corresponding schedule of production operations sickness record and registers leave absences, bonuses and processes; keeps records of machine performance, earned, pay and other information; deals with inquiries production rates and outputs; surveys progress of and with correspondence relating to records of per- production by examining work tickets or other pro- sonnel. gress control data; amends, or proposes amendment May obtain testimonials in respect of new workers or of, production operations schedule in the light of provide them for workers who leave. actual production performance; prepares reports on progress for the information of management. 3-93.40Legal Clerk. 3-93Correspondence and Reporting Clerks Carries out specialised clerical tasks in connection with legal matters: Workers in this unit group perform a variety makes search of legal records to prepare information of clerical tasks, prepare correspondence, or relevant to case under consideration; examines or deal with routine aspects of insurance transac- makes arrangements for examination of documents representing title to property or rights under wills; tions, legal matters or personnel records. files pleadings with clerks of courts and serves copies Their functions include: of pleadings on opposing counsel; prepares affidavits performing various clerical tasks, depending of documents; takes charge of documents and corres- on nature and size of office; pondence of assigned cases. drafting business letters and related docu- May specialise and be designated according to nature ments; of legal clerical duties performed. keeping records of establishments' personnel; 3-93.50Insurance Clerk. carrying out specialised clerical tasks in con- Carries out specialised tasks incidental to the trans- nection with legal or insurance matters. action of life, fire, marine, automobile or other type of insurance: 3-93.10 Office Clerk (General). issues, receives and checks forms of application for Performs variety of clerical tasks, such as those which insurance; arranges for medical examinations of follow, depending on nature and size of office in which applicants for life insurance and for surveys of prop- employed: erty to be insured, or obtains documentary information examines incoming mail referred to him for attention as necessary; issues temporary cover notes on behalf and assembles information needed for preparation of of insurers; drafts insurance policies or gives necessary reply; prepares and sends replies to correspondence instructions; calculates premiums, surrender or loan received and initiates other routine correspondence; values of policies, and commissions payable, and collates sales records and gives instructions for prepa- makes formal requests for outstanding premiums; ration of invoices and other documents in connection alters insurance coverage as requested and calculates with sales and deliveries; receives and interviews callers, revised premium; examines claims, computes amounts arranges appointments and directs inquiries to appro- due or proposes settlements terms; performs other priate person or department; receives payments of clerical tasks related to insurance business. accounts and issues receipts; makes entries in books 3-93.90Other Correspondence and Reporting Clerks. showing receipts grid payments and other transactions; compiles summaries of transactions and other reports This group includes correspondence and reporting for information of management; completes officialclerks not elsewhere classified, for example those who forms relating to licences, sales taxes or other matters; write letters and complete forms on behalf of illiterate files vouchers, receipts, letters and other documents; persons; prepare or revise mailing liras, telephone direc- makes telephone calls to obtain or supply information; tories and other lists of names and ad dresses from letters, records issues of stationery and equipment to staff. cards, vo-chers and other sources.

111 3

3-94 - 3-95.30

3-94Receptionists and Travel Agency Clerks 3-94.40Travel Agency Clerk. Prepares itineraries and makes travel and hotel reser- .Workers in this unit group make appoint--vations for customers: ments, receive clients, provide information in ascertains customer's requirements; examines sched- offices, hotels and other establishments, make ules of air, sea or land transport and/or hotel facilities travel arrangements and obtain hotel reserva- and advises customer on itinerary and method of tions for travellers. travel; makes reservations in accordance withcus- Their functions include : tomer's requirements, completes and issues tickets, vouchers and other documents, and forwards baggage. making appointments, receiving callers or May make arrangements for special travel facilities, customers, ascertaining their needs and directing package tours, and hire of ski or other special equip- them accordingly; ment. May obtain passports,visasand foreign allocating rooms and performingrelated currency and attend to other special requirements of travellers.May prepare accounts and receive pay- duties in hotels and similar establishments; ments. receiving patients in physicians' or dentists' Workers mainly employed in the routine issuing of offices ; travel tickets for cash are classified in 3-31.60. providing information about tours and other travel, arranging itineraries and accommodation 3-94.90 Other Receptionists and Travel Agency Clerks. and obtaining tickets for travellers. This group includes receptionists and travel agency clerks not elsewhere classified, for example those who receive air travellers at airport, checa their tickets and 3.94.10Receptionist (General). conduct them to aircraft or customs hall; work atan information desk in a department store and answer Receives people coming into an establishment, ascer- customers' inquiries concerning the location of particular tains their wants and directs them accordingly; goods and other matters. greets caller and ascertains wants; supplies information or announces arrival and directs visitor to person 3-95Library and Filing Clerks called upon; deals with telephone calls requesting information or appointments; keeps records of callers. Workers in this unit group maintain library May perform other limited clerical duties. records and perform filing services. Their functions include : keeping records relating to the acquisition, 3-94.20Hotel Receptionist. issue and return of publications in libraries; Receives guests at hotels and similar establishments and arranging and classifying correspondence, in- performs a variety of services for them on arrival, depar- voices, receipts and other documents and records. ture and during their stay: controls advance bookings, makes reservations and 3-95.20Library Clerk. keeps records of rooms occupied; receives guests, ascertainstheir requirements and assigns rooms; Maintains library records relating to the acquisition, answers questions relating to hotel, tourist and other issue and return of books and other publications and local services and amenities; transmits messages forperforms related duties: guests; presents accounts to departing guests and records titles and code references of books loaned, arranges for clearance of baggage and departure. identity of borrower, date of issue and due date for May perform some of the duties ofHotel concierge return; sends out reminder notices regarding books (5-40.55),for example: issue room keys and give overdue;checks incoming books and calculates instructions to porter; receive and sort incoming mail. charges for books overdue; keeps library catalogues and index cards up to date and in good order; arranges May keep guests' accounts, prepare bills and receive and replaces books in correct order on shelves. payment.May sell tobacco, newspapers and other articles. May advise borrowers on selection of reading material. May deal with orders for new publications.May be designated according to type of library. 3-94.30Doctor's or Dentist's Receptionist. 3-95.30Filing Clerk. Receives patient in doctor's or dentist's consulting Classifies and systematically files papers,, documents rooms, makes appointments and keeps records ofand other records: patients' visits: examines material for filing, such as correspondence receives patients, ascertains name, traces records and case papers, invoices, receipts, plans or photographs directs to appointment ; maintains list of appoint- and classifies it according to subject, alphabetical ments and files patients' documents. order or other system; places material in file appro- May prepare and dispatch accounts and complete priate to classification allotted; extracts and transfers social security claim forms. May sterilise instruments filed documents on request and keeps records of and perform other minor duties to assist doctor or location; compiles and maintains indices to files. dentist. May be designated according to type of filing system Dental chairside attendants a :t classified in 5-99.40. or material filel.

112 3

3-99 - 3-99.90

3-99Clerks Not Elsewhere Classified enters on completed questionnaires, forms, records, cards or other documents, opposite each itemof Workers in this unit group performmiscel- information concerned, the relevant code numbers, laneous clerical tasks not elsewhere classified. letters or signs, according to coding instructions; Their functions include: refers unusual items to supervisoror other person in compiling statistical tables; charge; passes completed work to manualprocessors or to card- and tape-punching machine operators. converting information into codes and classi- May verify completed coding. May perform other fying information by code numbers forpur- clerical duties related to coding operations,such as poses of data-processing; transferring coded information to worksheets foruse verifying and correcting printer's proofs; in the next phase of operations. May be designated operating office machines which reproduce according to trade name of computer system. documents by photographic, multigraphor 3-99.40Proof Reader. similar means; Compares printers' proofs with original material and performing other clerical tasks suchas sortingmarks errors for correction: forms and marking them with identification reads proof against copy sent to printer andmarks numbers, operating office machines tosort errors according to an established system of marking; documents for filing or to collate sets ofpages, returns corrected proof to type composing room. or addressing circular letters by hand. May correct proof while assistant reads aloud from original material. 3-99.20Statistical Clerk. 3-99.50Office Machine Operator (Reproduction Processes). Compiles statistical records based on routineor special sources of information: Operates office machines which reproduce copies of obtains information required from special forms,or documents by photographic, photo-offset, multigraph reports and publications, or by examining ledgers, or similar means or which print, on forms anden- records of materials used or rejected, order books and velopes, addresses and similar brief entries from other documents; checks the information for consist- prepared plates: ency and completeness; collates data obtained or prepares machine for new run and loads with forms, arranges it for processing; calculates totals, averages, envelopes or reproduction paper; inserts the stencil, percentages and other details and presents the data master copy or plate in machine and adjustsas in tabular form as required; uses adding and calcula- necessary; sets 'machine to produce the required ting desk machines, ready reckoners, percentage tables number of copies, starts machine and observesoper- and similar aids in making computations. ation, adjusting controls if necessary. May prepare reports on source material and supply May maintain offset plate, stencil or address plate factual information to assist in interpretation of the files.May be designated according to tradename of statistical data compiled. machine operated or type of processing. Workers devising and conducting statistical inquiries or evaluating results according to principles of statistical 3-99.90Other Clerks. analysis are classified in minor group 0-8. This group includes clerical workers not elsewhere classified, for example those sorting formsor other 3-99.30Coding Clerk (Data-Processing). documents by hand; making a routine inspection of documents and marking them with identification numbers; Determines appropriate classifications of items ofaddressing circulars and envelopes by hand; operating information and converts data into code form forpur- machines which sort documents for filingor collate sets poses of data-processing operations: of pages of reproduced documents.

113 MAJOR GROUP fit

SALES WORKERS

Workers in this major group areengaged in, or directlyassociated with, and services of allkinds and in conductingwholesale buying and selling goods of others. and retail businesses ontheir own behalf ormanaging them on behalf They are classified in theminor groups listed below: 4-0 Managers (wholesaleand retail trade). 4-1 Working proprietors(wholesale and retail trade). 4-2 Sales supervisorsand buyers. 4-3 Technical salesmen,commercial travellers andmanufacturers' agents. 4-4 Insurance, real estate,securities and businessservices salesmen and auctioneers. 4-5 Salesmen, shopassistants and relatedworkers. 4-9 Sales workers notelsewhere classified.

4-0 MANAGERS(WHOLESALE AND RETAILTRADE) direct businesses or local branchesof Workers in this minor group plan,organise, co-ordinate and proprietors and direct and co-ordinatebuy- businesses in wholesale andretail trade on behalf of the below: ing and selling operations ofthe enterprise. They areclassified in the unit group mentioned 4-00 Managers (Wholesaleand Retail Trade). classified in unit group 2-19. Sales Managers (exceptwholesale and retail trade) are

4-00.20 Manager, Wholesale Trade. 4-00 Managers (Wholesaleand Retail Trade) plan, organise, Plans and organises a business or abranch of a business Workers in this unit group in wholesale trade and directs workersengaged in selling co-ordinate anddirectbusinesses or localgoods to retailers and to industrial,commercial or other branches of businesses inwholesale or retaillarge consumers: trade on behalf of theproprietors. Their functions include: analyses market informationconcerning current and planning and organising abusiness or a future changes in supply anddemand for goods; retail trade; decides purchasing,advertising,sales and credit branch of a business in wholesale or policies of the undertaking; organisesand controls the directing workers engaged inpurchasing goods work of supervisors and other staff;directs the engage- and selling them toretailers, industrial, commer- ment and training of staff. cial or other large consumersin a wholesale business; May negotiate with major suppliers ormanufacturers' in purchasing agents and advise customers on currentand future directing workers engaged market trends. May organise anddirect import, ex- goods and selling them forpersonal or household port, commodity agency orsimilar business, act as consumption or use in a retailbusiness; in termediary between buyers and sellerswithout keeping organising and controlling thework of pur- any stock of goods orbuy title to domestic or foreign chasing, sales and other staff. goods and negotiate contracts of salethereof. 4

4-00.30 - 4-21

4-00.30Manager, Retail trade. policies of the organisation anddevises methods of Plans and organisesa business in retail trade and sales promotion; organises and controlsthe work of directs workers engaged in sellinggoods for personal or supervisors and other staff; directs theengagement and household consumptionor utilisation: training of staff. May interview commercial travellers, visit analyses market information concerningcurrent and showrooms future changes in supply and and undertake buying missionson behalf of his under- demand for goods; taking. May managea branch of a multiple under- decides purchasing,advertising,sales and credit taking.

4-1 WORKING PROPRIETORS(WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE) Workers in this minor group conduct businesses in wholesale andretail trade on theirown behalf or in partnership and are engaged in buying and selling goods.They are classified in the unit group mentioned below:

4-10 Working Proprietors(Wholesale and Retail Trade). 4-10 Working Proprietors (Wholesale quantities required; supervises personnel;decides on and Retail Trade) the credit and quantity discountterms to be offered to customers. Workers in this unitgroup conduct businesses May grade goods. May actas intermediary between in wholesale and retail tradeon their own buyer and seller without keepingany stock of goods. behalf or in partnership. May, in small establishment, performmost or all of the Their functions include: tasks of Wholesale trade salesman(4-51.20), take inventories and undertakeown bookkeeping and purchasing goods of thetypes, qualities and correspondence. May be designatedaccording to quantities required; type of product sold. selling goods to retailers, industrial, com- 4-10.30 Working Proprietor (Retail mercial or other establishmentsor to individual Trade). customers; Conducts a business in retail tradeon own behalf or in partnership, buying goods and sellingthem for personal acting as intermediaries betweenbuyers and or household consumption or otheruse: sellers of goods. estimates needs of business and purchasesor authorises the purchase of goods of thetypes, qualities and quan- 4-10.20 Working Proprietor (WholesaleTrade). tities required; supervisespersonnel; ensures that Conducts a business in wholesale trade goods are well displayed andadvertised and decides, on own behalf on credit terms to be offered to customers. or in partnership, buying goods and sellingthem to retailers and to industrial, commercialor other large May, in small establishments,perform most or all of consumers: the tasks of Retail trade salesman(4-51.30), take estimates needs of business and purchases inventories and undertakeown bookkeeping and or authorises correspondence. May be designatedaccording to the purchase of goods of thetypes, qualities and type of product sold.

4-2 SALES SUPERVISORSAND BUYERS Workers in this minor group supervise workers engaged in sellingactivities and buy goods for resale or use on behalf of wholesale, retail, industrialor other establishments or institutions. They are classified in the unitgroups listed below: 4-21Sales Supervisors. 4-22Buyers.

4-21Sales Supervisors estimating the types, qualitiesand quantities Workers in this unit of goods required bytheir customers and gronp supervise workersensuring adequate stocks; engaged in selling activities inwholesale and retail establishmentsor sales departments of supervising travelling salesand other sales other establishments. staff; ensuring that credit andsecurity procedures Their functions include: are observed. 116 4

4-21.20 - 4-3

4-21.20Sales Supervisor (Wholesale Trade). 4.22 Buyers Supervises workers in a wholesale trade establishment engaged in buying goods for resale and selling them to Workers in this unit group buy goodson retailers and to industrial, commercial or other largebehalf of an industrial, commercialor other consumers: organisation. under the general direction of the proprietor or manager, estimates needs of business and purchases or Their functions include: authorises the purchase of goods of the types, qualities buying goods for resale in wholesale and and quantities required; supervises and instructs sales retail trade; and other staff of the sales department in their day-to- day work; ensures that the credit and other sales purchasing supplies such as raw materials, policies of the undertaking are observed. equipment or consumption goods foruse in May engage staff and initiate other personnel action industrial plants, public institutions, government such as promotion, transfer, discharge and disciplinary agencies or other establishments. measures. May supervise travelling salesmen in a specified territorial division. 4-22.20Buyer. 4-21.30Sales Supervisor (Retail Trade). Buys goods for resale in wholesale and retail trade: Supervises workers in a retail trade establishment en- reviews businessrequirements and studiestrade gaged in buying goods for resale and selling them for periodicals, manufacturers' literature and other market personal or household consumption or other use: information on varieties, qualities and prices of goods under the general direction of the proprietor or man- available;interviewscommercialtravellers,visits ager, estimates the needs of customers and orders goods showrooms or undertakes special buying missions; of the types, qualities and quantities required; super- negotiates with suppliers on prices, credit terms, dis- vises and instructs sales staff in their day-to-day work counts for quantity and arranges delivery schedules; in accordance with the sales policies of the under- authorises payment of invoices. taking; ensures that goods are attractively and effec- May price items forresale.May be designated tively displayed and that security, accounting and according to type of merchandise bought. stock control rules and procedures are observed. May engage staff and initiate other personnel action 4-22.30 Purchasing Agent. such as promotion, transfer, discharge and disciplinary Buys machinery, equipment, raw materials, services measures. May make recommendations concerning and other supplies for use or consumption by a manu- sales promotion and pricing policies. facturing, commercial, government agencyor other undertaking: 4-21.90Other Sales Supervisors. ascertains requirements of the enterprise and studies Workers in this group perform sales supervisory duties trade periodicals, suppliers' literature and other market not elsewhere classified, for example those who super- information on varieties and qualities available and vise canvassing, display or demonstration activities; prices; interviews vendors to ascertain their ability to inspect sales activities in various branches or depart- meet organisation's specific requirements for design, ments of a retail or wholesale establishment; supervise performance, price and delivery; negotiates contracts, sales workers employed in the sales department of a keeping within budgetary limitations; keeps records of manufacturing enterprise; inspect the activities and results costs, deliveries and performance and discusses defects of distribution agencies within a specified territorial with user departments with a view to rectification by division engaged in selling the products of an industrial, suppliers or change in specification or change of import or other undertaking; give expert advice on sales suppliers. promotion methods. May approve bills for payment.

4-3 TECHNICAL SALESMEN, COMMERCIAL TRAVELLERS AND MANUFACTURERS' AGENTS

Workers in this minor group carry out specialised technical selling activities requiringknowl- edge of the technology of the composition, utilisation and maintenance of the goodsor equipment sold; sell specialised engineering and assimilated services; give technical information andadvice to customers before and after sales; solicit orders and sell goods on a wholesale basis by visiting clients in a defined district; and act as intermediaries for sales on behalf of localor foreign manufacturers to wholesale and retail establishments.They are classified in the unit groups listed below: 4-31Technical Salesmen and Service Advisers. 4-32Commercial Travellers and Manufacturers' Agents.

117 4

4-31 - 4-41

4-31 Technical Salesmen and ServiceAdvisers4-32Commercial Travellers and Manufacturers' Workers in this unitgroup sell, and per- Agents form specialised informationduties in selling, Workers in this unit group sell goodson a technical productsor services. wholesale basis in an allottedgeographical area. Their functions include: Their functions include: selling technical equipment,supplies or ser- soliciting orders and selling goodsto retail vices using their specialisedknowledge of theindustrial, wholesale and otherestablishments; technology of the composition,utilisation and selling products ofone or more home or maintenance of the goodsor equipment sold;foreign manufacturers to wholesale,retail and advising customerson the application, instal-other establishments. lation and operation of technicalequipment and other products bought. 4-32.20 Commercial Traveller. Solicits orders by personally visitingclients and sells 4-31.20 Technical Salesman. goods to retailers, industrialconsumers, institutional and professional establishmentsor wholesale organisations in Sells products and services, suchas chemical, mechani- an allotted geographical area: cal, electrical and electronic supplies,using his specialised knowledge of the technology of the attempts to interest prospective buyersby showing composition, utili- sample articles or indicating products sation and maintenance of the goodsor equipment sold: in catalogue and pointing out merits; quotes prices,credit terms and calls on architects, engineers and otherpotential users delivery conditions, offers reductions to explain merits of his firm's productand its applica- in certain cir- tion to the user's special cumstances and gives information concerningprobable requirements; prepares or price trends; forwards ordersto oft ;e and makes arranges for the preparation of plans and operational reports of business transactions; studies specifications showing gains fromproposed changes trade periodi- in equipment, methods cals and keeps himself informed ofprice changes and or materials. other marketing conditions. May negotiate contracts and assistin the arrangement of credit. May provide window displaysor advertising signs. May collect payments for products sold.May be 4-3130 Technical Service Adviser. designated according to product sold. Advises customers on the application,installation and 4-32.30 Manufacturers' Agent. operation of specialised equipment, supplies and services; Sells products of oneor more home or foreign manu- consults customer on the layout ofequipment or facturers to wholesale and retailestablishments on a utilisation of service; supervisesor assists customer's commission basis, in an allotted geographicalarea: personnel with installation of equipment and ensures performs essentially thesame duties as described under operation in accordance with specification;investigates difficulties or faults arising in Commercial traveller (4-32.20), but usuallyrepresents operation or utilisation several manufacturers of related and suggests appropriate solutionsor arranges for products, for example modifications. various items of hardware. May display samples of goods in May train customer's personnel inmaintenance or use showroom. May be of his firm's product designated according to productssold. May super- or service. vise the staff of theagency.

4-4 INSURANCE, REALESTATE, SECURITIFS ANDBUSINESS SERVICES SALESMEN AND AUCTIONEERS Workers in this minor group sell insurance, real estate, securities,business and advertising services and auction property or commodities,or perform related functions.They are classified in the unit groups listed below:

4-41Insurance, Real Estate and SecuritiesSalesmen. 4-42Business Services Salesmen. 4-43Auctioneers.

4-41Insurance, Real Estate andSecurities Their functions include: Salesmen selling life, endowment,fire, accident and other types of insurance; Workers in this unitgroup sell insurance, real selling and leasing estate and securities or property such as building are associated with theselots, houses, apartments andestates, on a com- activities. mission basis;

118 7, n

4-41.20 - 4-43.20

purchasing and selling stocks and bonds of selling such services as provision of credit public or private organisations for customersinformation, address listing, printing, theft and on a commission basis; fire protection or cleaning services; performing other tasks directly related to the arranging contracts for use of theatres and foregoing. concerts halls for particular performances, for rental of motion picture films, or for live 4-41.20Insurance Salesman. broadcasting of spectacles; Sells life, accident, endowment, fire, marine and other selling advertising services; types of insurance: performing related tasks. compiles list of prospective customers from directories and other sources; interviews prospective customers, 4-42.20Business Services Salesman (except Advertising). determines their insurance needs and attempts to sell Sells one or more business services (except advertising suitable policies by explaining the risks covered, the services); premium rates and benefits; initiates arrangements for medical examination or other policy stipulations. compiles and maintains lists of prospects through business and social contacts and by examining tele- May collect premiums and keep records of payments. phone, business and professional directories; inter- May assist in investigating claims. May be designated views prospective clients and explains features and according to the type of insurance sold. benefits of service; quotes prices and credit terms; prepares contract forms. 4-41.30Real Estate Salesman. May collect payments or accounts. Sells and leases property, such as building lots, houses, apartments and estates, on a commission basis: Agents of performers or writers are classified in 1-99.90. acts as agent for holders of real estate available for 4-42.30Advertising Salesman. sale or lease; estimates value of property, advises Sells advertising space in press and periodicals, on owners on current market situation and ascertainsposter boards and elsewhere and advertising time on acceptable bargaining price; advertises property for radio and television programmes: sale or rent; prepares list of prospective purchasers, indicating type, location and price of property desired, visits prospective advertisers to explain merits and and lists of properties answering client's requirements; coverage of his firm's publication or medium; discusses conducts client to site or property, or arranges visit; client's requirements and most suitable media for attempts to sell or lease property by pointing out obtaining best results from a given expenditure; shows merits; assists client to compute total cost of purchase, sample layouts and indicates specialist services avail- including items such as taxes, initial and subsequent able for illustration, copywriting or other presentation. payments, mortgages, interest and legal fees. May originate special advertising campaigns. May May act as agent for clients wishing to purchase real buy space or time for publication or presentation of estate or long-term leases.May draw up and submit agreed advertising campaign. contract for approval of purchaser and seller.May 443 Auctioneers arrange for search of title.May solicit loan on behalf of purchaser.May act as agent for owner, collecting Workers in this unit group sell property and rents, arranging for maintenance of property and when goods by auction, value property and goods necessary compelling compliance with provisions of lease by court action. and assess losses covered by insurance policies. Their functions include: 4-41.40Securities Salesman. selling various kinds of property and goods, Buys or sells stocks and bonds of public or private such as real estate, furniture, livestock, farm organisations for customers on a commission basis: products and objets d'art, by auction; gives information to potential purchasers regarding determining the value of real estate, industrial stocks, bonds, market conditions and history andequipment, personal and householdeffects, prospects of organisationin which investment is contemplated; purchases or sells securities in accord- works of art, gems and other objects; ance with customer's orders. assessing the liabilities of insurance companies May advise clients regarding investment plans or and underwriters for losses covered by insurance changes in holdings of securities. policies. 4-41.90Other Insurance, Real Estate and Securities 4-43.20Auctioneer. Salesmen. Sells by auction various kinds of new or used property This group includes insurance, real estate and securities and goods, such as real estate, furniture, livestock, farm salesmen not elsewhere classified. products and objets d'art: arranges place and date of auction sale; arranges order in which items are to be sold; begins auction by de- 4-42Business Services Salesmen scribing item and asking for starting bid or setting Workers in this unit group sell business and starting price; requests bids, observes buyers' signals closely, stimulates competitive bidding and repeats bids advertising services. offered; closes sale of item and declares it sold to bidder Their functions include: offering best price.

119 4

4-43.30 - 4-51.50

May conduct auctions with aid of mechanicaland inspects and examines real estate or articles in question electricalequipment. May makeinventoriesof using experience and knowledge, scientific tests and goods for sale and issue catalogues.May specialise original prices to arrive at a final estimate of current in selling particular kinds of goodsor property and be market value; submits estimates to buyers, auctioneers, designated accordingly. May alsocarry out duties of creditors, courts of law, attorneys, insurance companies Appraiser (4-43.30). and other clients. May specialise in appraising a particular type of 4-43.30Appraiser. article and be designated accordingly. May reporton condition, origin and history of an article appraised. Determines value of real estate, industrial equipment, May assess liabilities of insurance companies or under- personal and household effects, works ofart, gems and writers for losses covered by insurance policies. other articles, by examining them for conditionand Auctioneers who also perform duties of appraiserare authenticity: classified as Auctioneer (4-43.20).

4-5 SALESMEN, SHOP ASSISTANTS ANDRELATED WORKERS

Workers in this minor group sell and demonstrategoods in wholesale or retail establishments or on the street, solicit orders on the streetor from door to door and perform related selling tasks. They are classified in the unitgroups listed below: 4-51Salesmen, Shop Assistants and Demonstrators. 4-52Street Vendors, Canvassers and Newsvendors.

4-51Salesmen, Shop Assistants and 4-51.30Retail Trade Salesman. Demonstrators Sells goods in a retail establishment: Workers in this unit group sell and demon- ascertains nature and quality of product required; assists customer in choice by demonstrating and de- strate goods in wholesale and retail estab- scribing characteristics of products available; packs lishments. and arranges delivery of purchases wherenecessary; Their functions include : replenishes goods on display. selling goods in a wholesale establishmentto May receive payment. May write invoiceor docket retailers or large-scaleconsumers; and verify cashier's receipt. May arrange credit and value used articles taken in exchange. May take in- selling goods to customers ofa retail estab- ventories of stock. May visit customers and demon- lishment; strate articles.May accept articles for repair or dressing in clothes for sale to display themfor alteration.May be designated according to type of customers in manufacturers', wholesalers'or product sold. retailers' showrooms; 4-51.40 Fashion Model. demonstrating and explaining qualitiesand functions of goods; Wears and displays clothing for sale in showrooms and other places in order to demonstrate style and other performing other tasks related to the foregoing. characteristics: 4-51.20Wholesale Trade Salesman. dresses in sample apparel of new or current stylesor of type wanted by customer; models clothing before Sells goods in a wholesale establishmentto retailers or designers, buyers or customers by walking, turning and large-scale consumers: otherwise demonstrating style and other character- talks to customers on sales floor, ascertainingnatt.re of istics to best advantage. product required; assists customer in choiceby point- May inform prospective purchasers as to model, ing out features and merits of articleor by demonstra- number and price of each garment. ting it; quotes prices, credit terms andquantity discounts; takes orders, makes out orderforms and passes them to appropriate section for action. 4-51.50Demonstrator. May arrange sales by mail or telephone.May receive Gives demonstrations of articles for sale, in whole- payment. May be designated according to product sale, retail and industrial establishments,at, exhibitions, sold. or in private houses: Workers who sell goods outside the establishmentin explains merits of article and shows how it works, an allotted geographical area are classified as Commer- attempting to stimulate buying interest. cial traveller (4-32.20). May sell articles.

120 4

4-51.90 - 4-90.90

4-51.90Other Salesmen, Shop Assistants and takes up position and calls out information about Demonstrators. goods for sale or sounds signal, or goes from door to This group includes salesmen and shop assistants not door; sells goods and receives payment. elsewhere classified, for example those who replenish May sell articles from a street stand. stocks and assist customers in a self-service store; select goods for customers according to written or telephoned 4-52.30Canvasser. requests; conduct and assist customers in their purchasing Solicits business for an establishment, particularly in a self-service store; those who sell petrol, oil or otherfrom households, by going from door to door: motoring requirements to customers. explains purpose of call and gives details of goods or services the establishment can supply, quoting prices and terms; notes orders received and forwards them 4-52Street Vendors, Canvassers and toofficeof establishment;distributesadvertising Newsvendors literature or leaves samples. May give demonstrations and collect payment of Workers in this unit group sell goods or instalments. solicit orders on streets or from door to door. Their functions include: 4-52.40Newsvendor. selling such goods as fruit, vegetables, ice- Sells newspapers on streets or distributes them to cream, coal or wood and soliciting business from regular subscribers: obtains newspapers from publishing company or door to door; agents;sellsor delivers newspapers and collects selling newspapers on streets and distributing money; returns unsold or undelivered newspapers to them to regular subscribers; supplier. performing other itinerant selling tasks. May sell newspapers from street stand. 4-52.90Other Street Vendors, Csinvassers and 4-52.20Street Vendor. Newsvendors. Sells goods such as fruit, vegetables, ice-cream, coal This group includes street vendors, canvassers and or wood on street or waterway or from door to door: newsvendors not elsewhere classified, for example those loadsgoods onpush-cart,bicycle,horse-drawn heating foodstuffs, such as chestnuts and frankfurters, vehicle, motor vehicle or boat, or carries them; and selling them from street stands.

4-9 SALES WORKERS NOT ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED

Workers in this minor group perform various selling and related tasks not classified elsewhere. They are classified in the unit group mentioned below: 4-90Sales Workers Not Elsewhere Classified.

4-90Sales Workers Not Elsewhere Classified articles offered as pledges and lends money on deposit of the articles: Workers in this unit group perform various examines articles to be pledged to determine their selling tasks not elsewhere classified. condition and value; lends money according to pledge values, issues pawn tickets and records loans; com- Their functions include: putes interest and receives payment when pledges are lending money to customers on pledge or redeemed; sells unredeemed pledged items. bonds; selling refreshments and confectionery in places of entertainment; 4-90.90Other Sales Workers. performing various other selling tasks. This group includessales workers not elsewhere classified, for example those selling refreshments and 4-90.20 Pawnbroker. confectionery or programmes in places of entertain- Estimates the value of jewellery, cameras and other ment.

121 MAJOR GROUP

SERVICE WORKERS

Workers in this majorgroup direct, organise, superviseor perform catering, housekeeping, personal,protective and related services. They are classified inthe minorgroups listed below: 5-0 Managers (cateringand lodging services). 5-1 Working proprietors(catering and lodgingservices). 5-2 Housekeeping andrelated service supervisors. 5-3 Cooks, waiters,bartenders and relatedworkers. 5-4 Maids and relatedhousekeeping service workersnot elsewhere classified. 5-5 Building caretakers,charworkers, cleaners andrelated workers. 5-6 Launderers,dry-cleaners andpressers. 5-7 Hairdressers, barbers,beauticians and related workers. 5-8 Protective serviceworkers. 5-9 Service workersnot elsewhere classified.

5-0 MANAGERS (CATERINGAND LODGING SERVICES) Workers in this minor group plan, organise, co-ordinate and directcatering and lodging services in hotels, restaurants and similar establishmentson behalf of the proprietors.They are classified in the unitgroup mentioned below:

5-00Managers (Catering and LodgingServices).

5-00 Managers (Catering andLodging meals for guests and directs and controlsstaff to ensure Services) efficient and profitable operation: Workers in this unitgroup plan, organise, plans, directs and controls the organisation,administration and operation of departments,such as reception, co-ordinate and direct hotels,restaurants, guest accounting, housekeeping, catering, houses, cafes, bars, purchasing and caravan parks and similar maintenance; establishes and maintainsstandards of establishments on behalf of theproprietors. personnel performance and servicesto guests; author- Their functions include: ises expenditure, allocates funds andplans budgets for planning, organising, directing all departments; plans, in conjunctionwith catering and controlling and other departmentmanagers, arrangements for the establishment and itsdepartments; large-scale functions such as banquetsand conventions, maintaining standards ofcleanliness and and for outdoor and indoor recreationfor guests. service; May fix room rates and determine creditpolicy.May arranging banqueting and otherspecial func- hire and discharge staff.May manage lodging see- tions. vices aspects only, the attached barand restaurant services being under separatemanagement. 5-00.20Hotel and Restaurant Manager. 5-00.30Restaurant Mansiger. Plans and organises a hotel andrestaurant or motel on behalf of the proprietors to provide accommodation Plans and organises a restauranton behalf of the and proprietors to provide food and beveragesfor guests,

/;>,/123 5-00.405-10.50 and directs and controls staff to ensure efficient and documents; maintains payroll records and pays off profitable operation: crews at completion of voyage; provides banking plans, co-ordinates and supervises activities of workers services and safekeeping of valuables for passengers; in dining-rooms, kitchen, bar and other areas; pur- arranges scenic tours at ports of call; assists passengers chases food and confers with chef to plan menus; in preparing customs declarations and other documents organises and supervises arrangements for banquets for disembarkation and making onward travel arrange- and other special functions; ensures that dining-room, ments. kitchen, storage facilities and other work areas are May supervise and co-ordinate ship's catering activities. kept clean and conform to sanitary regulations; plans May organise and conduct entertainments for passen- entertainment for guests and engages musicians and gers. other entertainers; adjusts complaints concerning food and service; hires, instructs and discharges staff as 5-00.90Other Managers (Catering and Lodging necessary; keeps cost and other records. Services). 5-00.40 Ship's Purser, This group includes catering and lodging managers not elsewhere classified, for example those who manage tem- Supervises and co-ordinates activities of crew members porary or permanent lodging facilities, such as boarding aboard ship concerned with shipboard business matters or guest houses and caravan parks; cafeterias, bars, and social activities of passengers: cafés and canteens; food services in drugstores and prepares shipping articles, crew lists, cargo manifests, schools; refreshment stands at sporting events, public ship's port clearance certificates and other official gatherings and amusement parks.

5-1 WORKING PROPRIETORS (CATERING AND LODGING SERVICES)

Workers in this minor group conduct catering and lodging services in hotels, restaurants, boarding houses, cafés and similar establishments on their own behalf or in partnership.They are classified in the unit group mentioned below: 5-10 Working Proprietors (Catering and Lodging Services).

5-10Working Proprietors (Catering 5-10.30 Working Proprietor (Restaurant). and Lodging Services) Operates a restaurant on own account or in partnership, to provide food and beverages for guests: Workers in this unit group conduct catering plans, co-ordinates and supervises activities of workers in dining-room, kitchen, bar and other areas; pur- and lodging services on their own behalf or chases food, equipment and supplies and plans menus; in partnership and provide accommodation and organises and supervises arrangements for banquets meals for guests. and other special functions; ensures that dining-room, Their functions include: kitchen, storage facilities and other work areas are kept clean and conform to sanitary regulations; plans maintaining records and keeping accounts of entertainment for guests and engages entertainers; the undertaking; hires, instructs and discharges staff as necessary; keeps ordering supplies; cost and other records. receiving guests and allocating accommodation; supervising employees engaged in the pro- 5-10.40Working Proprietor (Guest House). vision of food and personal services or personally Operates a guest house on own account or in partnership, to provide temporary or permanent accommodation performing equivalent duties. for guests: advertises vacancies and rents rooms; purchases food, 5-10.20 Working Proprietor (Hotel and Restaurant). equipment and supplies and plans menus; collects Operates a hotel and restaurant or motel on own rents and pays bills; directs and supervises workers account or in partnership, to provide accommodation engaged in cleaning rooms, issuing linen and cooking and meals for guests : and serving meals; ensures that dining-room, kitchen, establishes and maintains standards of reception, storage facilities and other work areas are kept clean accommodation and catering; determines room rates, and conform to sanitary regulations; hires, instructs credit policy and type of patronage to be solicited; and discharges workers as necessary; keeps cost and ensures that dining-room, kitchen, storage and other other records. facilities are kept clean and conform to sanitary regu- May participate in cooking and serving meals and lations; plans hotel budget and authorises expenditure; cleaning rooms.May arrangerepair work and purchases food, equipment and supplies. maintenance of building. May hire, instruct and discharge staff.May process reservations, receive payment from guests and issue 5-10.50 Working Proprietor (Café, Bar and Snack Bar). receipts. Operates a café, bar or snack bar on own account or

124 5

5-10.90 - 5-20.60 in partnership to sell food or alcoholic and other bever- May prepare and serve meals, snacks and alcoholic and ages to customers: other beverages. directs and supervises workers engaged in serving customers; purchases food, liquors, wines and other beverages, equipment and supplies; ensures that pre- 5-10.90Other WorkingProprietors(Oftering and mises, equipment and work areas conform to sanitary Lodging Services). and safety regulations; supervises workers selling This group includes working proprietors of catering alcoholic beverages to ensure observance of police and and lodging services not elsewhere classified, for example other regulations;hires,instructs and discharges those who operate rooming houses which do not supply workers as necessary. meals, caravan parks, cafeterias and canteens.

5-2 HOUSEKEEPING AND RELATED SERVICE SUPERVISORS

Workers in this minor group organise, supervise and carry out housekeeping functions in enterprises, institutions and private households and on board ships.They are classified in the unit group mentioned below: 5-20Housekeeping and Related Service Supervisors.

5-20Housekeeping and Related Service supervises staff and ensures prescribed standards of Supervisors efficiency and cleanliness are met; hires, assigns duties to, trains, disciplines and discharges domestic staff. Workers in this unit group organise, supervise May buy and issue supplies and housekeeping equipment, record expenditure on supplies, upkeep of home and carry out housekeeping functions in hotels, and service.May prepare and serve meals and per- clubs and other institutions, on board ships and form cleaning and other domestic tasks. in private households. Their functions include: 5-20.40 House Steward. organising and supervisingthe work of Controls the purchase, storage and issue of foodstuffs domestic staff in hotels, hospitals and similar and kitchen supplies and supervises and co-ordinates the work of pantry, storeroom and kitchen staff not engaged establishments and in private households; in cooking in hotels, restaurants and clubs: controlling the purchase, storage and issue purchases food supplies and equipment and checks of supplies and supervising domestic service them for quality and quantity; engages, trains and dis- in hotels, restaurants, clubs and on board ships; charges workers; inspects kitchen and storerooms and supervising the serving of food and beverages ensures prescribed standards of efficiency and clean- relatedservices private liness are maintained and comply with safety regula- and performing in tions; supervises storage and issue of supplies and clean- households; ing of china, silver and glassware; administers controls organising and supervising domestic; staff and to safeguard against theft and wastage; keeps records supervising general welfare and conduct of of purchases and issues, and approves invoices or bills individuals in residential institutions; for payment. performing other organising and supervisory May plan and price menus. functions in connection with housekeeping work. 5-20.50Chief Steward (Ship). 5-20.20Housekeeper (except Private Service). Plans, co-ordinates and supervises the activities of Plans, organises and supervises the work of domestic crew engaged in housekeeping and meal serving on board staff in hotels and other institutions: passenger or cargo vessels: hires, trains, assigns duties to and supervises workers receives, checks and issues ship stores, such as linen, such as chambermaids, housemen, laundry workers foodstuffs, galley supplies and equipment; supervises and seamstresses; ensures prescribed standards of chief cook, baker and galley ratings, as well as mess- efficiency and cleanliness are met; purchases or assists room, cabin and deck stewards; keeps records con- in purchasing supplies; examines condition of rooms, cerning ship's catering department. reports on repairs needed and suggests improvements; May perform some of the tasks of Ship's purser checks housekeeping accounts and takes inventories of (5-00.40) on small passenger ships or combined bed linen and other articles. freighter-passenger ships. May prepare housekeeping budget. 5-20.60 Housekeeping Matron. 5-20.30Housekeeper (Private Service). Organises and supervises the work of domestic staff Organises and supervises the work of domestic staff and supervises the general welfare and conduct of individ- in private households: uals in residential institutions:

125 5

5-20.90 - 5-32

supervises domestic staff andsees that prescribed 5-20.90Other Housekeeping andRelatedService standards of efficiency and cleanlinessare met; super- Supervisors. vises conduct and behaviour ofresidents; assists in cases of minor injury or illness by performing taskssuch This group includes housekeepingsupervisors not as preparing bandages, elsewhere classified, for example those whoperform super- taking temperature and visory tasks in establishments providing administering medicines; requisitions,issues and may only shelter, such as tourist camps and lodging houses; actas butler in purchase household and first-aidsupplies. private households.

5-3 COOKS, WAITERS,BARTENDERS AND RELATEDWORKERS Workers in this minor group supervise and perform various kindsof work related to thepre- paration and cooking of meals and the serving of food andbeverages. They may be employedin hotels or other commercial establishments, in institutionsor in private households or on board ships or railway trains.They are classified in the unitgroups listed below: 5-31Cooks. 5.32Waiters, Bartenders and RelatedWorkers.

5-31 Cooks 5-31.40Cook, Private Service. Workers in thisgroup prepare and cook food- Prepares and cooks meals in privatehouseholds: stuffs in hotels,restaurants, other public eating plans menu according toown judgment or instructions; prepares and cooks vegetables, meats, salads, Aaces,_ aboard ships, desserts on railway trains and in and other dishes; cleansor supervises the cleaning of private households. kitchen and cooking utensils. Their functions include: May perform special cooking duties suchas preserving planning meals, preparingand cooking food- and canning fruits and vegetables,making jellies and stuffs; preparing fancy dishes.May prepare special foods for diets. performing various other tasksrelated to the May serve meals. preparation and cooking of food. 5-31.50Ship's Cook. 5-31.20Head Cook. Prepares and cooks mealson ships: Plans meals and supervises performs tasks similar to those of Cook(except and co-ordinates work of private service) (5-31.30) but workson ships. cooks and kitchen helpers inhotels, restaurants or other establishments and on railwaytrains: May cook and serve meals to ship'screw only and be designated accordingly. plans daily menu taking intoaccount probable number of guests, popularity of dishesand need to provide 5-31.90Other Cooks. variety and food costs, and assignsprices to items; supervises cooks and kitchenhelpers engaged in pre- This group includes cooks not elsewhereclassified, for paring and cooking mealsand serving portions; gives example those who prepare specialfoods for diets; instructions about sizes ofportions and types of prepare, cook and serve food on camp sites for construc- garnishing; creates special dishesand develops recipes; tion, mineral exploration, farm andother workers; per- requisitions food suppliesand kitchen equipment form various tasks in preparation of foodsuch as clean- and checks them for qualityand quantity; engages, ing and peeling vegetables. trains and discharges kitchenpersonnel. Ship's cook is classified in5-31.50. 5-32 Waiters, Bartenders and RelatedWorkers 5-31.30Cook, except Private Service. Workers in this unitgroup serve food and Prepares, seasons and cookssoups, meats, vegetables, desserts and other foodstuffs forconsumption in hotels, beverages in commercially operated dining and restaurants, railway dining-cars, clubs,schools, cafeterias drinking places, clubs, institutions andcanteens, and other establishments: on board ships and on railway trains. fries, broils, roasts, steamsor boils meats, fish, vege- Their functions include: tables and other food;prepares salads, sandwiches, serving food and beverages; cakes, fruit juices and other coldfoods; supervises preparation of foodstuffs forcooking or eating raw; advising on the choice of wines and serving supervises cleaning up and dishwashingin kitchen. them; May specialise in preparinga particular type of food, serving alcoholic and other drinks ata bar; such as meat, salad, pastryor vegetables and be desig- performing various other tasks relativeto the nated accordingly. foregoing.

126 5

5-32.10 - 5-40

Aircraft cabin attendant is classified in unit suggests dishes and appropriate wines, if required; group 5-99. writes order on check or memorises it; relaysorder to kitchen and serves dishes from kitchenor service bar; 5-32.10Waiter, General. garnishes and decorates dishes preparatoryto serving; serves guests from chafing dish at table; presents bill Serves food and beverages in commercially operated for payment or signature by guest;removes, or has dining places, clubs, institutions and canteens: removed, soiled linen, dishes and silverware. prepares tables or counters for meals with clean linen, May carve meats and prepare flambe dishesat table. silverware, glasses, condiment holders and flowers; hands menu to customer, answers questions about food 5-32.40Wine Waiter. and beverages and makes suggestions if required; writes order on check or memorises it and orders food Advises on the selection of wines and servesthem in from kitchen; serves food; presents bill for payment commercially operated dining and drinking places andin or for signature by customer; removes, or has removed, clubs and institutions: soiled table linen, dishes, glasses and siNerware. presents guests with wine list, answers questionscon- May serve and pour out wine or otherbeverages. cerning vintage and other characteristics of winesand advises guests about the wines suitable for various 5-32.20 Head Waiter. dishes; takes order, selects wine andensures that it has the required temperature; places glasses andpours out Takes charge of dining-room, restaurant or section wine, refilling glasses when necessary. thereof in hotels, restaurants, clubs, institutions and similar commercial establishments, on board ships and May present bill for payment or for signatureby on railway trains, supervising and co-ordinating the work guest. May also serve other beverages. of employees engaged in providing services to diners: 5-32.50Bartender. supervises and co-ordinates work of dining-room employees; arranges table reservations and parties for Serves alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinksat a bar: guests, greets and escorts them to tables; ensures that mixes various ingredients to make standardor special standards of food and service specified are maintained types of drinks according to orders;serves drinks. and adjusts complaints about food or service; hires and trains dining-room staff. May receive payment. May take charge of bar, requisition supplies and keep bar stockrecords. May take guests' orders and pass them to waiters. May serve snacks. May wash and dry glasses. May plan and carry out arrangements for banquets and assist in preparing menus. 5-32.90Other Waiters, Bartenders and Related Workers. 5-32.30Waiter, Formal Service. This group includes waiters, bartenders and related workers not elsewhere classified, for example thosewho Serves food and beverages to guests in hotels, restaur- arrange tables and chairs; show customers to seats; ants and clubs, working in a formal setting and payingpresent hors - d'oeuvres and desserts to tables for selection special attention to established rules of service: by guests; remove used linen and dishes from tables; wash checks table setting; presents menu to guests and and dry glasses and clean bars.

5-4 MAIDS AND RELATED HOUSEKEEPING SERVICEWORKERS NOT ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED.

Workers in this minor group provide personal and housekeeping servicesin private households, hotels and aboard ships, in publicconveyances and other establishments. They are classified in the unit group mentioned below:

5-40 Maids and Related Housekeeping Service Workers Not ElsewhereClassified.

5-40 Maids and Related Housekeeping keeping personal effects in good order; Service Workers Not Elsewhere Classified cleaning and servicing public, guest and bath Workers in this unit group provide personalrooms and performing various related tasks for and housekeeping services in private homes,guests in hotels and similar establishments; hotels, and aboard ships, in public conveyances taking care of general needsand comfort of and other places. passengers on board ships; Their functions include: caring for costumes of actors in theatresand cleaning rooms, cooking and serving mealsmotion picture and television studios; and performing other duties in private house- performing various other tasks relatedto the holds; provision of comfort in private householdsor attending to employer's personal needs andpublic establishments.

127

ft, 5

5-40.20 - 5-5

5-40.20Housemaid. 5-40.50Chambermaid. Cleans rooms, prepares food and serves meals, washes Cleans and services guest rooms in hotels or other dishes and performs additional domestic duties in private lodging establishments: households: makes beds and changes linen; removes rubbish and dusts and polishes furniture, sweeps and cleans "floors maintains cleanliness of furnishings; cleans bath- and floor coverings and washes windows; makes beds rooms; replenishes supplies of towels, soap, stationery and changes linen; washes, pares, cuts and otherwise and other items. prepares food for cooking or eating raw; prepares May clean and service public rooms. beverages, salads and desserts; washes dishes and cleans silverware; sets table and arranges chairs in dining- room and serves food; washes linen and other textiles 5-40.55Hotel Concierge. by hand or machine and mends and irons them; per- Performs a variety of tasks for guests in hotels and forms additional duties such as answering telephone and doorbell, feeding pets and purchasing food and similar establishments, especially at arrival and departure: other supplies. controls issue and return of hotel guest-room keys; helps guests with baggage; receives and distributes May cook meals, bake cakes and pastries and perform mail, telegrams and packages or instructs bell-boy to other cooking work. deliver them to guest rooms; supplies information Workers who perform cleaning and related duties about entertainment, restaurants, transportation and only are classified as Charworker (5-52.20). other matters. 5-40.30Personal Maid, Valet. May operate hotel switchboard, sell tobacco, stamps and newspapers and attend small gift shop.May let Attends to employer's personal needs and keeps ward- rooms and receive payment of bills. robe and personal effects in good order, performing a Concierge (apartment house) is classified in 5-51.20. variety of services: brushes, cleans, mends, irons and lays out employer's clothing; assists employer in bathing, dressing and 5.40.60Ship's Steward. making toilet; keeps employer's bedroom, dressing Takes care of general needs and comfort of ship's room and bathroom tidy; packs and unpacks clothing; passengers: mixes and serves drinks. keeps cabins in order, makes beds and berths and May give body and facial massages, and shave em- changes linen; assists passengers on deck or in lounge ployer. May prepare and serve meals. by arranging chairs and rugs and running errands as requested; serves beverages in clubroom or smoke- 5-40.35Nursemaid. room; serves meals in cabin on request.. Takes care of children and oversees their daily activ- May be designated according to duties performed or to ities: class of passengers served. assists children in bathing and dressing; feeds children; Ship's stewards mainly engaged in serving food or takes children outdoors for recreation and plays games with them; maintains order in children's bedrooms beverages are classified as Waiter (general) (5-32.10). and playroom; assists children to prepare for bed; entertains children by reading or storytelling. 5.40.70Wardrobe Mistress (Stage and Studio). May mend, wash and iron children's clothes. May Cares for costumes of members of theatrical, television perform household duties not related to child care. or motion picture production cast: 5-40.40Companion. examines costumes and cleans and mends them as necessary; presses costumes; refits costume if required; Provides companionship and performs personal ser- aids actor or actress to don complicated costumes. vices for employer: participates in conversation, reading, hobbies, sports and other forms of recreation; reminds employer of 5.40.90Other Maids and Related Housekeeping Service social engagements and accompanies employer on Workers. social visits; assists in entertaining visitors in em- This group includes other maids and related house- ployer's home; accompanies employer in travelling, keeping service workers not elsewhere classified, for attending to all arrangements. example those who assist in attending children in schools May assist in bathing, dressing and toilet, prepare and and institutions; take care of needs and comfort of train serve foods or diet.May give instructions to otherand bus passengers; render valet and other services to domestic workers. guests and clients of a hotel or other establishments.

5-5 BUILDING CARETAKERS, CHARWORKERS, CLEANERS AND RELATED WORKERS Workers in this minor group take care of and clean windows, building interiors, equipment and furniture.They are classified in the unit groups listed below: 5-51Building Caretakers. 5-52Charworkers, Cleaners and Related Workers.

128 5

5-51 - 5-52.40

5-51Building Caretakers 5-51.90Other Building Caretakers. This group includes building caretakers not elsewhere Workers in this unit group take care of classified, for example those who take care of important apartment houses,officebuildings, churches monuments and historical buildings and of establishments and other buildings and maintain them in an such as clubs, institutes and dance halls. orderly and clean condition. Their functions include : 5-52Charworkers, Cleaners and Related attending to the operation of an apartment Workers house as representative of owner or managing agent; Workers in this unit group clean the interiors, keeping apartment house, office or similarwindows and chimneys of buildings. building in clean and orderly condition and Their functions include: operating furnaces or boilers to provide heat cleaning and keeping in an orderly condition and hot -water for tenants; the interiors of public buildings, offices, factories, taking care of interior and furnishings ofcommercial establishments, apartment and pri- churches; vate houses; performing similartasks in other estab- cleaning windows in buildings; lishments. removing soot from flues, chimneys and 5-51.20Concierge (Apartment House). connecting pipes; Attends to the operation of an apartment house as performing other cleaning tasks similar to the representative of the owner or managing agent: foregoing. supervises and participates in the cleaning, repair and maintenance of the building and its equipment; main- 5-52.20Charworker. tains safety protection for tenants and public and eliminates fire or other hazards; provides special Cleans and keeps in orderly condition the interiors of services such as arrangements for additional lighting, public buildings, offices, commercial establishments, and heatills and ventilating equipment; deals with com- apartment and private houses: plaints t;f tenants and regulates conduct of tenants in sweeps, scrubs and polishes floors and disposes of such matteas noise and misuse of property; keeps waste or litter; cleans carpets and rugs with brush, record of labour and material costs for operating beater or vacuum cleaner; polishes fixtures, fittings building and issues reports to owner or agent. and other metal objects; dusts furniture and office May advertise vacancies, show empty apartments to equipment; cleans kitchens, bathrooms and toilets. prospective tenants and collect rents. May supervise May assist with laundry, ironing and other household workers engaged in cleaning and maintaining building tasks. and its equipment. May perform some duties of Janitor (5-51.30). 5-52.30 Window Cleaner. 5-51.30Janitor. Cleans windows in buildings: Keeps apartment house, hotel, office building or washes window with water, cleaning powder or solu- similar building in clean and orderly condition and oper- tion, using brush, sponge, or cloth; dries window with ates furnaces and boilers to provide heat and hot water squeegee, cloth or chamois skin. for tenants: May clean showcase glass, mirrors and light shades. sweeps, scrubs and mops public parts of building; May work above the ground floor and wear safety empties tenants' garbage cans and disposes of refuse belt. and ashes; tends furnace and boiler by stoking fuel and removing ashes or by regulating flow of oil or gas; 5-52.40Chimney Sweep. replaces light bulbs and fuses and makes minor repairs to installed equipment; clears footpaths of snow and Removes soot from flues, chimneys and connecting debris. pipes: May grease elevator slides and clean elevator pits. when cleaning flue removes smoke pipe connecting May perform some duties of Concierge (apartment furnace to flue, cleans pipe, with long-handled brush, house) (5-51.20). and replaces pipe; when cleaning chimney closes fire- place openings and other household outlets, lowers 5-51.40Verger. weighted bag down flue which, when withdrawn, expands and scrapes soot from chimney walls; or Takes care of interior and furnishings of a church: brushes interior of chimney by pushing and pulling a directs or participates in the cleaning and heating of long-handled brush through chimney or lifting and church; prepares church for services; takes care of lowering a weighted brush attached to a rope; cleans vestments and sacred vessels. chimney pot with vacuum cleaner. May assist in services, keep records and conduct May clean furnaces and boilers, using similar cleaning tourists and other visitors. methods.

129 5-52.90 - 5-60.60

5-52.90Other Charworkers,Cleaners andRelated hotel housekeeping; clean walls and ceilings with sponge Workers. and soapy water or chemical solution; sweep house yards and other appurtenances; clean railway passenger This group includes charworkers, cleaners and related coaches, buses, trams and aircraft. workers not elsewhere classified, for example those who Cleaners of buildings by sandblasting or steam are perform routine tidying-up and lifting duties required in classified in unit group 9-59.

5-6 LAUNDERERS, DRY-CLEANERS AND PRESSERS Worker in this minor group launder, dry clean, and press clothing, textile fabrics and similar articles.They are classified in the unit group mentioned below: 5-60Launderers, Dry-Cleaners and Pressers.

5-60Launderers, Dry-Cleaners and Pressers 5-60.30Dry-Cleaning Machine Operator. Operates mechanical equipment to dry-clean, with a Workers in this unit group launder, dry-cleanchemical solution, clothing, textile fabrics and similar and press clothing, textile fabrics and similar articles: articles. places article in drum of machine and fastens cover; Their functions include: operates valves to feed chemical solution into machine; operates controls to rotate drum or agitate contents; washing, drying and ironing in laundry or in stops cleaning operation and drains off solution; opens private houses; machine, removes articles and packs them into hand operating washing or dry-cleaning machines; truck. dry-cleaning articles by hand; May sort articles according to colour and condition removing spots and stains; and type of material and remove spots or stains by rubbing them with solvent. May filter solution after smoothing and shaping garments or other use to make it fit for re-use. textile articles by hand or machine pressing; performing other related tasks. 5-60.40 Dry-Cleaner (Hand). Workers who dye garments for customers are Cleans, by hand and with a chemical solution, clothing, classified in unit group 7-56. textile fabrics, leather goods and similar articles: examines articles to ascertain condition and type of 5-60.10 Launderer (General). material and decides on type of treatment to be given; Performs duties such as washing, drying and ironing lays article on table, treats with chemical solution and clothing, textile fabrics and similar articles in a laundry or rubs or brushes the parts most soiled; immerses article in private house: in solution for required period; rinses article in fresh sorts soiled articles according to type and treatment to solution and allows it to dry. be given; washes articles by machine or by hand; dries May clean upholstered furniture. articles by machine, by hanging them in a drying room or the open air, or by placing them on heated metal 5-60.50Spotter (Dry-Cleaner). forms; irons articles with heated hand iron or with pressing machine. Removes, with chemical solution or substance, spots May work with minimum of equipment and wash and stains from clothing, textile furnishings, leather articles in rivers or troughs.m-.y receive articles, goods and similar articles: mark them for identification and sort them, or pack examines article for condition and identifies spots or finished articles for delivery to customers. stains; lays article on table and removes spot by rubbing or brushing irwith chemical solution. 5-60.20 Laundering-Machine Operator. May wash article before removing spot.May be designated according to kind of material worked on. Operates mechanical equipment to wash clothing, textile fabrics and similar articles: 5-60.60 Laundry Pressing-Machine Operator. places articles in drum of machine; operates valve to fill machine with water to prescribed level; adds soap Smooths and shapes clothing, textile furnishings and and other cleansing agents to water; opens valve to similar articles by means of a pressing machine: admit steam into machine to heat water and maintain arranges material on padded table of machine; pulls desired temperature; fastens cover and operates con- pressing head of machine on to surface of material; trols to rotate drum or agitate contents; drains water operates pedals to control pressure on material, flow of from machine and refills it as required to rinse articles; steam through material and vacuum for drawing away stops machine and removes articles, packs them into a moisture; raises pressing head, rearranges material and hand truck or drying machine. repeats process until pressing is complete. May sort articles according to colour, condition and May specialise in one or more types of pressing and be type of material. designated accordingly.

130 5

5-60.70 - 5-70.60

5-60.70Presser (Hand). 5-60.90Other Launderers, Dry-Cleaners and Pressers. Smooths and shapes clothing, textile fabrics and similar This group includeslaunderers,dry-cleaners and articles by pressing with heated flat-iron: pressers not elsewhere classified, for examplethose who arranges material on ironing-board; moistens material mark for identification articles received for treatment; before or during pressing; moves iron over material, sort articles according to type and colour of material and applying necessary heat and pressure to obtain desired fastness of dye; wash delicate or excessively soiled effect. articles by hand; treat articles with a starch solution; May specialise in one or more types of pressing and be press articles with a mangle; clean carpets with a soap designated according to garment or article ironed. or chemical solution.

5-7 HAIRDRESSERS, BARBERS, BEAUTICIANS AND RELATEDWORKERS

Workers in this minor group cut and dress hair, apply cosmetics and make-up,and perform related tasks to improve the appearance of individuals.They are classified in the unit group mentioned below: 5-70Hairdressers, Barbers, Beauticians and Related Workers.

5-70Hairdressers, Barbers, Beaciticians cuts and shapes hair according to instructions of customer or according to a particular style; shampoos, and Related Workers dries and re-combs hair, applying tonic on request; gives scalp treatment; shaves customers, trims beards Workers in this unit group cut and dress hair, and moustaches and gives facial massages. apply cosmetics and make-up, and give other May tint, dye and wave hair. kinds of treatment to individuals to improve their appearance. 5-70.40Beautician. Their functions include: Gives various forms of beauty treatment to customers: cutting, washing and dressing women's hair examines customer's skin and suggests suitable treat- and performing other personal services incidental ment; applies lotions, creams and packs to stimulate to hairdressing; circulation, lubricate tissues and remove wrinkles and lines; massages face, neck, arms, legs or other parts of cutting men's hair, shaving, trimming and body; gives treatment for superficial skin blemishes; giving other related treatments; removes superfluous hair by various methods; shapes, giving various forms of beauty treatment; colours and otherwise treats eyebrows and eyelashes; cleaning, shaping and polishing finger and applies cosmetics and advises on suitable make-up. toe nails; May cut, comb and wave hair according to customer's applying make-up to faces of actors and other instructions or according to a particular style, tint or dye hair, and give scalp treatment. May clean, shape stage and studio performers; and polish finger nails. May prepare special cosmetics attending to clients taking baths; for individual clients and sell cosmetics. performing various other tasks related to the foregoing. 5-70.50Manicurist. Cleans, shapes and polishes finger and toe nails: 5-70.20 Women's Hairdresser. applies liquid polish-remover to take off old nail Cuts, washes, tints and waves hair and performs other polish; files nails to shape; softens nail cuticles with personal services incidental to women's hairdressing: lukewarm water and oil and pushes back cuticle of cuts and shapes hair according to instrtilions ofclient each nail with cuticle pusher; trims cuticle; smooths or according to a particular style;washes, rinses and edges with emery board; applies polish to nails with dries hair, using special shampoos and solutions as small brush; cleans and sterilises equipment. necessary; bleaches, dyes or tints hair; waveshair by wrapping it round curlers, adding wave solutions, 5-70.60 Make-Up Man (Stage and Studio). applying heat and performing othe tasks to obtain Applies make-up to faces of actors and other per- the required effect. formers to improve or alter their appearance for studio or May give scalp treatment to customers. May clean, stage production; shape and polish finger nails.May treat natural wavy examines casting list and requisitions wigs, beards and hair to straighten it. other materials needed; applies make-up, such as grease paint, rouge, lipstick, face powder, wigsand 5-70.30Barber-Hairdresser. beards to impart the desired facial characteristics; Cuts hair, shaves and trims beards and performs other issues instructions to hairdresser as to style of hair- personal services incidental to barbering: dressing required.

131 5

5-70.70 - 5-81.90

5-70.70Bath Attendant. gives client a shower or washes him with hose. Attends to clients taking baths and administers elementary massage: 5-70.90Other Barbers, Hairdressers, Beauticians and prepares water, steam or other kind of bath for client Related Workers. and attends client during bathing; shows client to This group includes barbers, hairdressers, beauticians rubbing bench after bath; rubs, kneads and slaps body and related workers not elsewhere classified, for example to remove dead cuticle, clean the pores and stim- those who suggest hair styles most becoming to individual ulate circulation; rubs client's body with salt, alco-customers; wash and rinse hair; fit wigs according to holor other substance to cleanse skin further; customers' requirements.

5-8 PROTECTIVE SERVICE WORKERS

Workers in this minor group protect individuals and property against hazards and enforce law and order.They are classified in the unit groups listed below: 5-81Fire-Fighters. 5-82Policemen and Detectives. 5-89Protective Service Workers Not Elsewhere Classified.

5-81 Fire-Fighters 5-81.20Fire-Prevention Specialist. Detects and eliminates or reduces fire hazards in Workers in this unit group extinguish fires, industrial plants and other establishments: eliminate fire hazards and protect property at inspects fire-extinguishing and fire-protection equip- fire sites. ment at regular intervals; inspects work and storage Their functions include: areas, and notes and investigates conditions and practices which are likely to cause fires, using instruments fighting fires as members of a public or private and making special tests to determine such conditions firefighting force; as temperature and pressure; reports findings and detecting and eliminating or reducing fire makes suggestions for repairing and replacing fire- hazards in industrial plants or other estab- extinguishing and fire-protection equipment and for lishments; eliminating undesirable conditions. protecting and salvaging goods during and May establish and operate fire-safety programme. after fires; 5-81.30Fire-Salvage Specialist. preventing or extinguishing fires in crashed or Protects and salvages goods during and after fires: damaged aircraft and rescuing crew and pas- accompanies or follows fire-fighting crew to fire and sengers; removes goods from threatened area if possible; performing other related duties. prevents further damage to furniture, fixtures and goods in burned building by covering them with tarpaulins or Forest fire- fighters are classified in unit group other material and by removing water from area; 6-32. guards premises.

5-81.40Aircraft Accident Fire-Fighter. Prevents or extinguishes fires in crashed or damaged aircraft and rescues crew and passengers: 5-81.10Fire-Fighter (General). sprays runway with chemical foam to reduce danger of Fights fires as a member of a public fire-fighting force: explosion on impact when disabled aircraft are about rides on special fire-fighting vehicle or boat to scene of to make emergency landings; drives to scene of emer- fire; connects hose and directs jet of water or chemicals gency landing, crash or other accident and sprays air- on fire, or uses portable fire-extinguisher in places not craft with chemical agents to prevent or extinguish fire; accessible with hose; demolishes parts of buildings or rescues crew and passengers from aircraft, using flame- other structures as necessary, to reach and combat fire; cutting and other special equipment as necessary, and rescues trapped persons and administers artificial renders first aid to injured; removes or neutralises respiration to those overcome by heat or smoke; dangerous cargoes on crashed or damaged aircraft. performs other services during emergencies, using specialised equipment where necessary, for example 5-81.90Other Fire - Fighters. rescuing people in danger as a result of flood or storm, This group includes fire-fighters and related workers and extricating persons or animals from places notnot elsewhere classified, for example those who serve as easily accessible. members of fire-fighting crews in industrial establishments Forest Fire-Fighter is classified in unit group 6-32. and are qualified to fight special types of fires and use

132 5

5-82 - 5-89.90 special equipment; serve in fire-fighting groups sponsored 5-89Protective Service Workers Not by private individuals or companies to protect specified property; investigate fire sites to determine cause of fire. Elsewhere Classified Workers in this unit group perform miscel- 5-82Policemen and Detectives laneous tasks in maintaining law and order and Workers in this unit group maintain law andprotecting property and are not elsewhere order, prevent and solve crimes and enforce classified. laws and regulations. Their functions include : Their functions include: conducting private investigations for com- maintaining law and order; mercial or other establishments and individuals; protecting persons and property from hazards watching inmates of gaols, reformatories or and unlawful acts; penitentiaries, seeing to their needs and main- discovering facts connected with the preven-taining discipline; tion and solution of crimes and arresting persons guarding industrial plant, warehouse or other for contraventions of the law. property against fire, theft and illegal entry; performing related tasks. 5-82.20Policeman. Maintains law and order, protects persons and property 5-89.20Private Inquiry Agent. from hazards and unlawful acts and arrests persons for Conducts private investigations for commercial or contraventions of the law: other establishments or for individuals: familiarises himself with area and persons living in it, investigates shoplifting,theft,dishonesty or other and notes suspicious persons and establishments; undesirable conduct among employees or customers of performs services such as patrolling assigned area, a business establishment or other private organisation; directing traffic, assuming authority in case of accident, makes inquiries concerning conduct of persons and rendering first aid and making necessary investigations, watches suspected persons; makes reports of investiga- maintaining order at fires, inspecting licensed places tions. of public assembly, and providing information of a May make arrests if authorised. general nature; arrests or assists in arrest of contra- venors of the law; keeps records, makes reports of activities and gives evidence in courts. 5-89.30Prison Guard. May be designated according to type of duty per- Watches inmates of gaol, reformatory or penitentiary, formed, means of transportation, or type of area sees to their needs and maintains discipline: patrolled.May work in co-operation with Detective searches arriving prisoners and puts their valuables in (5-82.30). safe keeping; escorts prisoners to cells and locks them in; makes periodic inspection tours of cells; supervises 5-82.30Detective. prisoners at work, during meals and exercise periods; Uncovers facts co- ncemed with the prevention and patrols prison areas and walls to prevent escape. solution of crimes and arrests persons for the contraven- May serve meals to prisoners. tion of the law: frequents haunts of criminals to learn their habits, 5-89.40 Watchman. associations, characteristics, aliases and other personal Guards industrial plant, warehouse or other property information and to detect planned crime; investigates against fire, theft and illegal entry: circumstances of a particular case, questions persons makes periodic inspection tours about buildings and concerned and examines scene of crime to obtain clues grounds, examining doors, windows and gates to see and other evidence; takes statements and makes regu- that they are properly secured and have not been lar reports of investigations; arrests or assists in arrest tampered with, and watches for other irregularities of suspects; gives evidence in court. such as broken waterpipes and fire hazards; registers at May be concerned with the investigation of particular regular stations to record the making of inspection types of climes, such as automobile theft, homicide and rounds at specified times. illegal sale and use of narcotics.May work in co- May perform other duties, such as sweeping floors or operation with Policeman (5-82.20). firing boilers. May be designated according to type of property guarded. 5-82.40Private Police Guard. Private police guard is classified in 5-82.40. Polices property or parts of establishments, such as industrial plants, banks or museums to prevent theft, 5-89.90 Other Protective Service Workers. violence, infractions of r les or other irregularities: This group includes other protective service workers patrols area and keeps watch for suspicious persons or not elsewhere classified, for example those who keep activities; takes action to prevent violence or disturb- watch in a central installation equipped to receive ances. automatic alarm; maintain order in courtrooms; patrol May make arrests if authorised. May convey or guard beaches and swimming pools to prevent accidents and to messengers conveying valuables to and from banks rescue bathers from drowning; perform various under- or other establishments or on means of transport. water tasks generally connected with salvage work or Watchman is classified in 5-89.40. recovering dead bodies.

133 5

5-9 - 5-99

5-9 SERVICE WORKERS NOT ELSEWHERECLASSIFIED

Workers in this minorgroup perform various service tasks not elsewhere classified.They are classified in the unit groups listed below: 5-91Guides. 5-92Undertakers and Embalmers. 5-99Other Service Workers.

5-91Guides Their functions include : Workers in this unit group escort individuals making arrangements for and conducting and groups on travel tours, sightseeing visitsfunerals and arranging cremations and burials; and excursions. embalming human bodies to retardor arrest the process of decay; Their functions include : escorting groups of tourists and looking after performing various related tasks. their comfort; 5-92.20 Undertaker. accompanying tourists on sightseeing tours Makes arrangements for and conducts funerals: and describing points of interest; interviews family to obtain data about the deceased and providing other guide services to visitors and other information and complete documents; aids in travellers, such as organising and conducting planning details, such as selecting coffin and burial mountain-climbing, hunting or fishing excursions. clothes, arranging for burial service and floral displays, publishing death notices and selecting burial 5-91.20Travel Guide. plot; arranges coffin in room where servicesare to be held, adjusting lights and floral displays; estimates Escorts groups of tourists travelling by motor bus, number of mourners and provides for their transport, ship or other means of transportationover pre-planned selects bearers,if requested, and directs them to route: remove coffin to hearse and from hearse to grave or assists tourists with travel arrangements, suchas visas, vault; makes arrangements for transport of body by passports and health certificates; makes arrangements various means of conveyance; operates device to for meals and accommodation en route; pointsout lower coffin into grave. places of interest en route and gives brief historicalor May embalm body or arrange for cremation. other commentary; plans or assists touriststo plan individual sightseeing trips en route; performs other 5-92.30 Embalmer. duties to help tourists such as handling baggage, Embalms bodies of human beings-to retardor arrest the sending messages, acting as interpreter and advising process of decay: on customs duties and other regulations. May collect fees or tickets. washes body with germicidal soap;sews lips shut and packs orifices with cotton to prevent leakage; drains 5-91.30Sightseeing Guide. blood from body, if possible, and injects embalming fluid; punctures internal organs through abdomento Escorts groups of tourists and others on sightseeing remove natural fluids and gases; restores maimed or tours within a city, or to places of historicalor general disfigured bodies to their normalappearance by interest : affixing pieces of moulded wax, plaster of Parisor points out places of interest such as ancient monuments, other material to injured portions of body; closes buildings, bridges, museums and picture galleries, incisions and dresses body; applies cosmetics to faceto giving brief commentary on each. restore its natural expression; places body in coffin. May escort and lecture groups inone establishment only, such as museum or picture gallery. May drive 5-92.90 Other Undertakers and Embalmers. motor vehicle to transport groups. This group includes undertakers and embalmersnot elsewhere classified, for example those who assist with 5-91.90Other Guides. various duties in connection with funeral arrangements, This group includes guides not elsewhere classified, for such as preparing corpse for burial; embalm bodies for example those who organise or conduct mountain-climb- use in dissecting rooms of medical colleges. ing, hunting or fishing excursions; guide groups over 5-99 industrial establishments such as shipbuilding yards,oil Other Service Workers refineries or factories and describe features of interest. Workers in this unit group perform miscel- 5-92Undertakers and Embalmers laneous service tasks not elsewhere classified. Their functions include: Workers in this unit group perform various determining odds and receiving and paying tasks in the disposal of dead human bodies.bets on results of sporting events;

134 5

5.99.20 - 5-99.90

conducting games of chance in gambling May prepare orders for non-medicinal preparations such as industrial and agricultural chemicals and sell establishments; non-pharmaceutical goods such as toiletries, razors performing simple tasks toassist medical, and perfumes. dental and nursing personnel in consulting rooms, hospitals or other institutions; 5-99.60Practical Aid (Veterinary). performing non-technical tasks in pharmacies, Performs simple tasks to assist a veterinarian in an animal clinic or other veterinary establishment for the under the direction of a pharmacist; treatment and care of animals: performing simple tasks to assist veterinarians bathes animals, brushes and clips hair and, nails; in animal clinics or other veterinary estab- measures and mixes specified ingredients to prepare lishments; food, and feeds animals; sweeps, dusts and hoses rendering personal services to ensure comfort hospital rooms and animal quarters; cleans and sterilises surgical instruments and other equipment; leads and safety of aircraft passengers; or carries animals to treatment room and holds them performing a variety of other services. during treatment. May receiveclients, answer telephone and make 5-99.20 Bookmaker (Sport). appointments. May change dressings, apply pre- Determines odds and receives and pays off bets on scribed ointments and perform related duties. results of sporting events: determines risks to decide odds and to hedge or refuse 5-99.70Aircraft Cabin Attendant. bets; declares, or prepares and issues, list of approxi- Renders personal service to ensure the comfort and mate odds on animals, individuals or teams; receives safety of aircraft passengers: bets in person, by telephone, messenger or teletype; greets passengers and conducts to assigned seats; pays off bets. ensures that passenger seat belts are fastened and "no May operate on pad mutuel (totaliser) system. smoking" signs obeyed before take-off and landing; distributes reading matter, answers questions about 5-99.30Croupier. aircraft, its schedule and route and points out places of Conducts games of chance in gambling establishments: interest; ensures pre-prepared meals and beverages are distributes cards, rolls dice or spins a roulette wheel; on board and serves them; keeps cabin tidy and stows explains and interprets operating rules of establish- equipment securely; observes passengers to detect ment; announces winning numbers on game boards; signs of discomfort, administers minor medical aid pays out winning bets and collects losing ones. as necessary and renders any other service contributing to passengers' comfort; explains use of safety equip- May sell gambling chips to customers at table and ment such as lifebelts and oxygen masks, and assists cash them. passengers in emergencies according to established 5-99.40Nursing Aid. safety procedures. Performs simple tasks to assist nursing personnel, May verify ticket, assign seat, record destination, physicians or dentists in a consulting room, clinic, ensure immigration or landing forms are filled in and hospital or other institution providing medical or dental perform various other clerical duties.May collect care: money for beverages served.May make announcements. prepares patients for examination or treatment, holds instruments and adjusts lights and other equipment; 5-99.90Other Service Workers Not Elsewhere Classified. bathes, dresses and undresses and otherwise assists patients as required; changes bed linen, applies com- This group includes service workers not elsewhere presses and provides hot water bottles and other com- classified, for example those who assist persons at doors of shops, hotels and other establishments; carry hotel forts for patients; serves and collects food trays and guests' baggage and run errands for them; take charge feeds patients needing help; sterilises instruments and of hats and coats in public places; operate passen- keeps consulting room tidy. ger lifts; receive patrons at places of entertainment, May take and record temperature, pulse and respira- sporting and other events and conduct them to their seats; tion rates as directed.May perform first-aid duties perform personal services for users of lavatories and and be a member of an ambulance team. May help rest-rooms and keep such places clean and tidy; receive, in watching and controlling patients in psych. tric check and maintain stock of alcoholic and other bever- hospitals.May specialise in assisting in a derma's ages in good condition in cellar of licensed establishment; consulting room. serve as escorts to men and women; dance with partners 5-99.50Practical Aid (Pharmacy). for a prescribed fee; act as hostesses in bars and other places; pose for paintings, sculptures and other types of Performs non-technical tasks in a pharmacy, under the art; assist players of games by performing non-playing direction of a pharmacist : activities such as carrying golf clubs, setting up pins labelsdrugs, chemicals and other pharmaceutical (skittles) and retrieving balls; paste advertising posters preparations; unpacks and stores supplies; replenishes and notices on walls and billboards; exterminate vermin; stock on shelves; cleans shelves, counters and other operate roundabouts and other fairground equipment; work areas; cleans and sterilises bottles, beakers andcollect, care for and feed lost or strayed dogs and other otherequipment;wraps anddeliversorders. animals.

135 MAJOR GROUP

AGRICULTURAL, ANIMALHUSBANDRY ANDFORESTRY WORKERS, FISHERMENAND HUNTERS

Workers in this major group managefarms or conduct them ontheir own supervise or performagricultural, animal husbandry behalf or in partnership, tasks. and forestry tasks, catchfish, hunt and trap animals,and perform related They are classified in theminor groups listedbelow: 6-0 Farm managers andsupervisors. 6-1 Farmers. 6-2 Agricultural andanimal husbandryworkers. 6-3 Forestry workers. 6-4 Fishermen, huntersand related workers.

6-0 FARM MANAGERSAND SUPERVISORS and supervise and Workers in this minor group managefarms on behalf of their owners below: co-ordinate the activities of farmworkers. They are classifiedin the unit group mentioned 6-00 Farm Managersand Supervisors.

operations such as crop growing andlivestock raising, 6-00 Farm Managers andSupervisors and co-ordinates and directsactivities of farm personnel; markets farm products;directs maintenance Workers in this unit group managefarms and and repair of farm buildingsand equipment; controls supervise the activities of farmworkers. and supervises the keeping ofproduction, sales, receipts,expenditure and other records;reports Their functions include: regularly to proprietors of farm; hiresand discharges planning, organising and controllingthe workers. operation of farms on behalf of private,collective May specialise in a particularbranch of farming, such or public owners; as raising livestock orgrowing field or orchard crops. supervising and co-ordinating theactivities of workers engaged in crop growing,livestock6-00.30 Farm Supervisor. activities of workers raising and related farm work. Supervises and co-ordinates engaged in crop growing, livestockraising and related farm work: 6-00.20 Farm Manager. confers with farm owner or manager onwork programme; supervises workersengaged in various farm Plans, organises and controls theoperation of a farm spraying, collective or public owner: activities,such as planting, cultivating, on behalf of private, harvesting, care and feeding oflivestock and main- confers with owner or management body toplan scope farm buildings, machinery and plans and tenance and repair of and objectives of farming programme; equipment. schedules nature and sequence offarming activities May keep pro- according to programme objectives andestimates May hire and dischargeworkers. seeds, ferti- duction and other records.May specialise in a operating costs; orders supplies, such as particular branch of farming such asraising livestock or lisers,livestock, fodder and farming equipment; controls, directly or throughsubordinates, farming growing field or orchard crops. 44/137 6

6-1 - 6-12.40

6-1 FARMERS Workers in this minor group conduct mixed farms to produce a variety of agricultural and animal husbandry products, or specialised farms to produce a particular type of agricultural or animal husbandry product, on their own behalf or in partnership.They are classified in the unit groups listed below: 6-11General Farmers. 6-12Specialised Farmers.

6-11General Farmers 6-12.20Field Crop Farmer. Conducts a farm on own behalf, or in partnership, to Workers in this unit group conduct mixed grow field crops: farms, on their own behalf, or in partnership, performs tasks similar to those of General farmer to produce a variety of agricultural and animal (6-11.10) but specialises in growing one or more field husbandry products. crops such as wheat, rye, maize, potatoes, cabbages, Their functions include: beet, sisal, sugar cane, rice, groundnuts, tobacco, flax, or jute; directs and supervises, or performs, field directing or performing two or more types of crop farming operations such as ploughing, harrow- the specialised farming operations described in ing, distributing fstiliser, sowing, harvesting, hay- unit group 6-12. making, baling and stacking, by hand or machine. May keep working animals and raise livestock for food for own household. May specialise in particular 6-11.10General Farmer. field crop and be designated accordingly. Conducts a farm on own behalf, or in partnership, to produce a variety of agricultural and animal husbandry 6-12.30Orchard, Vineyard and Related Tree and Shrub products : Crop Farmer. determines kinds and amounts of crops to be grown and livestock to be raised; purchases seed, fertiliser, farm Conducts a farm on own behalf, or in partnership, to machinery, livestock, fodder and other supplies;cultivate trees or shrubs for production of their fruits, directs and supervises, or performs, farming operations leaves or saps: such as preparing land, sowing, cultivating and harvesting crops, breeding and raising livestock and keeping performs tasks similar to those of General farmer farm buildings, machinery and equipment in good (6-11.10) but specialises in propagating and cultivating repair; markets farm products; keeps production, trees and shrubs to produce fruit, nuts, coffee or cocoa sales, receipts, expenditure and other farming records; beans, hops, berries, tea leaves, rubber latex, pine resin, hires and discharges workers. maple syrup and other tree and shrub products; directs and supervises, or performs, orchard, vineyard and related tree and shrub crop farming operations such as propagation of trees and shrubs from seeds or 6-12Specialised Farmers cuttings or by budding and grafting, pruning and shaping trees and shrubs, and working and tending soil Workers in this unit group conduct a spe- around trees and shrubs to conserve moisture, prevent cialised farm on their own behalf; or in partner- erosion and maintain other necessary conditions. ship. May process tree and shrub products to make fruit pulp or juice, wine, cider, vinegar, dried fruit or other Their functions include: derived products.May specialise in cultivating par- growing field crops; ticular kind of orchard, vineyard or related tree or cultivating trees or shrubs for their fruit, shrub and be designated accordingly. leaves or sap; breeding and raising livestock for meat, hides, 6-12.40Livestock Farmer. wool, fur, milk or other products; Conducts a farm on own behalf; or in partnership, to breeding and raising poultry for eggs orbreed and raise livestock: meat; determines kind of livestock to be raised, such as propagating trees, shrubs, flowers and other cattle, sheep, pigs, horses, ostriches, reindeer, fur- plants; bearing animals, dogs, cats, rabbits, guinea pigs or rats; growing vegetables by intensive cultivation selects and buys suitable animals and purchases equip- techniques; ment and supplies; directs and supervises, or performs, livestock farming operations such as pairing animals growing other crops, breeding and raising for breeding, breeding by artificial insemination, allo- game or pet birds, or raising reptiles or insects. cating animals to grazing pastures or keeping them in

138 6

6-12.50 - 6.2

pens, barns or special conditions conducive to well- culling and replacing poultry stock; keeps and inter- being of wild animals in captivity, preparing and dis- prets breeding records. tributing fodder and feed supplements to animals, May sell eggs direct to consumer. May kill, dress and caring for health of livestock, treating animals for pack poultry for shipment or direct sale.May raise minor injuries and tending them during birth of high-quality poultry for breeding purposes. May young, and maintaining farm buildings, fencesand specialise in conducting a poultry hatchery, or in equipment in good repair; prepares and markets breeding and raising a particular species of poultry, animals and animal products; keeps production, sales and be designated accordingly. and other records; hires and discharges workers. May grow feed for own animals. May raise and 6-12.70Horticultural Farmer. exhibit show animals, or raise thoroughbred or stud Conducts a nursery or market garden on own behalf, stock. May specialise in raising particular species of or in partnership, to propagate trees, shrubs, flowersand livestock and be designated accordingly. other plants or to grow vegetables by intensive cultivation techniques: 6-12.50 Dairy Farmer. performs tasks similar to those of General farmer Conducts a farm on own behalf, or in partnership, (6-11.10) but specialises either in propagating trees, primarily for production of milk: shrubs, flowers, and other plants and producing their performs tasks similar to those of Livestock farmer seeds or bulbs, or in growing vegetables such as lettuces, (6-12.40) but specialises in raising animals for the tomatoes, carrots, peas, onions and sprouts by in- production of milk; directs and supervises, or per- tensive cultivation methods; directs and supervises, or forms, dairy farming operations such as breeding, performs, nursery farming or market gardening opera- feeding and caring for milch cows, goats or other tions such as propagation from seeds or cuttings or by animals, hand or machine milking, straining and cool- budding and grafting or layering, cultivating plants ing milk and transferring it to bulk containers for under glass, thinning and transplanting seedlings, transport to processing plant. adjusting temperatures, lighting and ventilation in May separate cream, pasteurise and market milk and glasshouses, watering plants, sterilising soil, fumiga- make butter, cheese and other milk products. May ting glasshouses and selecting and preparing produce send cream to processing plant and retain skim milk for marketing. for feeding young livestock. May experiment to develop new varieties of plants. May sell produce direct to consumer. May provide 6-12.60Poultry Farmer. special nursery services such as landscape planting or Conducts a farm on own behalf, or in partnership, to customer instruction in cultivation methods. May breed and raise poultry for eggs or meat: specialise in particular type of nursery fanning and be designated accordingly. performs tasks similar to those of Livestock farmer (6-12.40) but specialises in raising poultry, such as Other Specialised Farmers. fowls, ducks, geese and turkeys, for eggs or meat; 6-12.90 directs and supervises, or performs, poultry fanning This group includes specialised farmers not elsewhere operations such as breeding, feeding and caring for classified, for example those who specialise in growing poultry, tending incubators and brooder houses, mushrooms, reeds or spices; or breeding and raising game grading and preparing chicks, gathering, examining, or pet birds, frogs, snakes, tortoises, alligators, worms, washing, grading and packing eggs for market, and silkworms or bees.

6-2 AGRICULTURAL AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRYWORKERS Workers in this minor group perform a variety of tasks in growing field andmarket garden crops, cultivatu ; trees, shrubs and flowers,breeding and raising livestock and poultry, operating farm machinery and related agricultural and animal husbandry work.They are classified in the unit groups listed below: 6-21General Farm Workers. 6-22Field Crop and Vegetable Farm Workers. 6-23Orchard, Vineyard and Related Tree and Shrub Crop Workers. 6-24Livestock Workers. 6-25Dairy Farm Workers. 6-26Poultry Farm Workers. 6-27Nursery Workers and Gardeners. 6-28 Farm Machinery Operators. 6-29Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Workers NotElsewhere Classified. Farm supervisors are classified in unit group 6-00 and working proprietors of farmsin minor group 6-1.

139 6

6-21 - 6-22.90

6-21General Farm Workers 6-22.20Vegetable Farm Worker. Performs a variety of tasks in the growing of vegetables Workers in this unit group perform a variety as field crops: of tasks in breeding and raising livestock,grow- performs tasks similar to those of Field crop farm ing crops and maintaining farm structures and worker (general) (6-22.10) but specialises in planting, equipment, and assist generally on farms byper- cultivating and harvesting vegetables such as potatoes, forming simple farming tasks. cabbages, sugar beet, beans, carrots and peas. May specialise in growing a particular type of vegetable and be designated accordingly.Workers who grow 6-21.05 Farm Worker (General). vegetables by intensive cultivation techniques are Performs a variety of tasks in growing crops and classified in 6-27.20. breeding and raising livestock: ploughs, harrows and fertilises soil, sows seeds, plants 6-22.30 Wheat Farm Worker. fruit trees, cultivates crops and performs other tasks in growing field, orchard and other crops; takes part in Performs a variety of tasks in the growing of wheat harvesting operations; feeds livestock and poultry, crops: milks cows, shears sheep and performs other tasks in performs tasks similar to those of Field crop farm the breeding and raising of livestock; uses a variety of worker (general) (6-22.10) but specialises in planting, farming equipment,including animal-drawn and cultivating and harvesting wheat motorised equipment; maintains and repairs farm buildings, fences, machinery and other equipment. 6-22.40Cotton Farm Worker. 6-21.10 Farm Helper (General). Performs a variety of tasks in the planting, cultivating Assists generally on farm, performing a variety ofand harvesting of cotton: simple farming tasks such as the following: performs tasks similar to those of Field crop farm feeds and waters livestock and cleans out animals' worker (general) (6-22.10) but specialises in planting, quarters; weeds and waters plants, shrubs and fruit cultivating and harvesting cotton; performs cotton trees; shovels earth to clear ditches and for other pur- farming tasks such as weeding, thinning and irrigating poses; spreads manure and fertiliser; rakes and pitches plants and picking mature cotton or operating a hay; picks fruit and vegetables by hand and performs cotton-picking machine. other simple harvesting tasks; assists, under supervision, in general work of farm. 6-22.50 Rice Farm Worker. May be designated according to work performed or terms of employment. Performs a variety of tasks in the planting, cultivating and harvesting of rice: performs tasks similar to those of Field crop farm 6-22Field Crop and Vegetable Farm Workers worker (general) (6-22.10) but specialises in planting, cultivating and harvesting rice; performs rice farming Workers in this unit group perform tasks in tasks such as transplanting seedlings for growing planting, cultivating and harvesting fieldcrops. paddy rice and controlling level of water in paddies by operating pumps or sluices. Their functions include: performing a variety of tasks in the growing6-22.60 Sugar-Cane Farm Worker. of vegetables, cereals, cotton, sugar caneor other field crops. Performs a variety of tasks in the planting, cultivating and harvesting of sugar cane: Workers who grow vegetables by intensive performs tasks similar to those of Field crop farm cultivation techniques are classified in 6-27.20. worker (general) (6-22.10) but specialises in planting, cultivating and harvesting sugar cane; performs sugar- 6-22.10Field Crop Farm Worker (General). cane farming tasks such as preparing and planting cuttings,digging and clearingirrigationcanals, Performs a variety of tasks in the growing of twoor harvesting cane by cutting it near ground and trim- more field crops: ming off leaves, and loading cut cane onto transport performs tasks similar to those of Farm worker vehicle. (general) (6-21.05) but specialises in planting, cultivating, and harvesting two or more crops suchas wheat, barley, rye, colza, potatoes, cabbages, sugar- 6-22.90 Other Field Crop and Vegetable Farm Workers. beet, sisal, flax, or jute; performs, by hand or machine, This group includes field crop farm workers not else- field crop farming tasks such as planting, weeding, where classified, for example those who specialise in thinning, spraying and harvesting crops, irrigating planting, cultivating and harvesting a particular field crop fields, threshing and winnowing grain, and baling and (other than vegetables, wheat, cotton, rice and sugar stacking straw. cane) such as barley, rye, colza, sisal, groundnuts, May prepare, grade, weigh and pack produce fortobacco, flax or jute; and those occupied mainly in marketing. harvesting of field crops.

140 6

6-23 - 6-24.10

Orchard, Vineyard and Related Tree budding and grafting; transplants rubber seedlings to 6-23 field and tends their growth; treats rubber trees with and Shrub Crop Workers chemicals to control insect pests and diseases, and thins them by removing weak and low-yielding trees; Workers in this unit group perform a variety taps mature trees by making cuts in bark and attaches of tasks in the cultivation of trees for their fruits, cup to tree trunk to receive latex; transferslatex to leaves or sap. pails for transporting to collecting station; cultivates cover crop around trees andparticipates in other Their functions include: measures to prevent soil erosion; takes partin propagating and cultivating fruit and nut construction and maintenance of plantation drainage trees, grape-vines,tea bushes, rubber trees, system. coffee bushes, cocoa trees and berry-bearing bushes; 6-23.90 Other Orchard, Vineyard and Related Tree and pruning and budding and grafting fruit trees; Shrub Crop Workers. harvesting orchard, vineyard and related tree This group includes orchard, vineyard and related tree and shrub crops; and shrub crop workers not elsewhere classified, for example those who specialise in planting, cultivating and tapping rubber trees. harvesting coffee, cocoa or berries; pruning, budding and grafting fruit trees; harvesting orchard, vineyard and 6-23.20 Orchard Worker. related tree and shrub crops; or tapping rubber trees and Performs a variety of tasks in the planting and culti- collecting the latex. vating of fruit and nut trees and the harvesting of their fruits: ploughs, harrows and otherwise cultivates soil; sprays 6-24 Livestock Workers trees to control insect pests and diseases; prunes trees to shape them and increase yield; takes part in harvest- Workers in this unit group perform tasks in ing operations; performs other tasks such as thinning crop, lighting smudge pots and torches during cold breeding and raising livestock. weather, clearing weeds and operating a variety of Their functions include: farm machinery and equipment. performing a variety of tasks in breeding and May propagate trees from seed and by budding and grafting. May grade and pack fruit rind transportraising cattle, sheep, pigs, fur-bearing animals, produce to market. horses, goats, ostriches, reindeer or other species of livestock; 6-23.30 Vineyard Worker. breeding cattle by artificial insemination, Performs a variety of tasks in the planting and culti- shearing sheep, dehorning cattle, training and vating of grape-vines and the harvesting of grapes: caring for racehorses and caring for zoo animals. performs tasks similar to those of Orchard worker Farm workers engaged in dairy farm work (6-23.20) but specialises in cultivating grape-vines; 6-25 and those performs various vineyard tasks such as erecting stakes, are classified in unit group wires or other supports for grape-vines. engaged in poultry farm work in unit group 6-26. May preserve grapes by dipping them in chemicalWorkers breeding and raising reptiles and solutions and drying them on racks. insects are classified in unit group 6-29. Wine worker is classified in 7-78.50. 6-24.10Livestock Worker (General). 6-23.40 Tea Plantation Worker. Performs a variety of tasks in the propagation and Performs a variety of tasks in the breeding and raising cultivation of tea bushes: of two or more species of livestock: feeds, waters, treats for minor diseases and injuries and clears trees and bushes for tea field, burns off remaining otherwise cares for two or more species of livestock growth, ploughs in ashes and manures, fertilises and such as cattle, horses, sheep, goats, pigs, reindeer and otherwise prepares soil; propagates tea seedlings from ostriches; tends grazing herds, preventing animals from seed or cuttings in nursery; transplants tea seedlings to field and tends their growth; weeds tea field, treats tea straying, eating poisonous plants or drinking polluted water and guarding them against other dangers; herds bushes with chemicals to control insect pests and animals, often on horseback and using trained dogs, diseases, and prunes bushes regularly to restrict height and moves them to new pastures or market; mates and encourage leaf growth. animals, tends them during birth of young. and cares May take part in tea-plucking operations. for young animals; performs other duties, such as milking, gelding, branding, docking, shearing, killing, 6-23.50Rubber Plantation Worker. skinning and preparing animals for market; maintains Performs a variety of tasks in the propagation, culti- and repairs farm buildings fences and equipment; vation and tapping of rubber trees: May plant, cultivate and harvest feed crops for live- clears trees and other unwanted growth for rubber field, stock. and levels, manures and otherwise prepares soil; Workers breeding, raising and milking cows in a dairy propagates rubber seedlings from seed in nursery or by farm are classified in unit group 6-25.

141 6

6-24.20 - 6-26.10

6-24.20 Beef Cattle Farm Worker. 6-25.10 Dairy Farm Worker (General). Performs a variety of tasks in the breedingand raising of beef cattle: Performs a variety of tasks in thebreeding, raising and milking of dairy cattle: performs tasks similar to those ofLivestockworker (general) (6-24.10)but specialises in beef cattle. performs tasks similar to those ofLivestock worker (general) (6-24.10) in connection withbreeding and 6-24.30 Sheep Farm Worker. raising dairy cows; drivescows into milking station, prepares them for milking and milks them by handor Performs a variety of tasks in the breedingand raising of sheep for meat or wool: machine; strains and cools milk and transfersit to bulk containers for transport to processingplant; keeps performs tasks similar to those ofLivestockworker stalls and milking stations clean andprovides new (general) (6-24.10)but specialises in sheep. bedding installs; performs other duties, suchas culling calves for marketing, cleaning milkcontainers, 6-24.40 Pig Farm Worker. separating cream from milk by machineand making Performs a variety of tasks in thebreeding and raising yoghurt and cheese. of pigs: May plant, cultivate and harvest feedcrops for dairy performs tasks similar to those ofLivestockworker cattle. May keep production and otherrecords. (general) (6-24.10)but specialises in pigs. 6-25.20Milker (Machine). 6-24.50 Fur-Bearing Animal Farm Worker. Milks dairy cows by machine: Performs a variety of tasks in thebreeding and raising guides cow into stanchion and cleans of fur-bearing animals for their teats and udder pelts: with disinfectant; squeezes teat to taketest sample a performs tasks similar to those ofLivestockworker cow's milk; if sample satisfactory,starts milking- (general) (6-24.10) but specialises in fur-bearing machine and attaches cups of machineto cow's teats; animals such as mink, foxes,otter and marten; per- removes cups when milking completed; strains and forms fur-bearing animal farm taskssuch as tending cools milk and transfers it to bulk containersfor trans- stoves and other equipment to maintainproper tem- port to processing plant; cleans and sterilisesmilking perature and humidity in animals' livingquarters, equipment. selecting, killing and skinning animalswhen fur is in best condition, and treatingand packing pelts for 6-25.90Other Dairy Farm Workers. marketing. This group includes dairy farm workers May keep records of animals' weights, not elsewhere diets or otherclassified, for example those who specialisein raising data. May specialise in particularspecies of fur- goats or other animals (except cows) for milk. bearing animal and be designatedaccordingly. 6-24.90 Other Livestock Workers. 6-26 Poultry Farm Workers This group includes liVestockworkers not elsewhere Workers in this unitgroup perform poultry classified, for example those whospecialise in breeding farming tasks. and raising a particular type oflivestock (other than beef cattle, sheep, pigs and fur-bearinganimals) such as horses, Their functions include: goats, ostriches, reindeer, dogsor cats; and those mainly performing a variety of tasks in the breeding, occupied in breeding cattle byartificial insemination, shearing wool from sheep,removing horns from cattle,raising and tending of poultryor in the hatching caring for working animals at industrialsites or in livery of eggs for commercialpurposes; stables, training and caring forracehorses or race dogs, trimming and searing beaks, claws and wings caring for animals inzoos or menageries, breeding and of chicks; raising rats, guinea pigsor other animals required by research workers for experimentalpurposes, and caring collecting semen and artificially inseminating for pet animals during absenceof owners. hens; determining the sex of chicks; 6-25 Dairy Farm Workers minding flocks of turkeysor geese. Workers in this unitgroup perform tasks in 6-26.10Poultry Farm Worker (General). dairy farming. Performs a variety of tasks in the breeding, raising and Their functions include: tending of poultry: performing a variety of tasksin the breeding, cleans and fills feeders and water containers;inspects raising and milking of dairy poultry for indication of diseases, andremoves weak, animals; sick or dead poultry from flock; collectseggs and packs milking cows by machineor hand; them for marketing; places fertileeggs in incubator straining and cooling themilk and trans- trays, disinfects and labels trays and places them in ferring it to bulk containers. incubator; removes chicks from incubator and places them in brooder house until they reach specifiedage Workers on a dairy farmoccupied mainly in and size; determines sex of chicks; grades chicks and pasteurising and bottling milkor in making packs them in boxes for shipmentor marketing; kills, butter, cheese, yoghurtor other dairy products dresses and packs poultry for marketing; maintains and repairs incubators, poultry houses, poultryruns and are classified in unit group 7-75. brooder houses.

142 6

6-26.20 - 6-28.20

May gather and chop green feed and distribute to performs tasks similar to those of Market garden worker poultry. May specialiseinparticularspeciesof (6- 27.20) but specialises in the propagation of trees, poultry and be designated accordingly. shrubs, flowers and other plants and in the production of their bulbs and seeds; performs nursery tasks such 6-26.20Poultry Hatchery Worker. as propagating from cuttings or by budding and grafting or layering, stimulating plant growth with hor- Performs a variety of tasks in the hatching of eggs for mones, pruning and shaping trees and shrubs and commercial purposes: staking young plants. examines eggs for fertility and weighs and classifies May lay turf and transplant trees and shrubsaccording them; fills and disinfects incubator trays; sets incubator to specified layout. May specialise in particular phase temperature and humidity controls and inserts trays; of nursery work, such as propagation, and be desig- adjusts controls as necessary to maintain specified con- nated accordingly. ditions and periodically turns eggs; transfers chicks to heated brooders; examines, sexes, grades and prepares 6-27.40Gardener. chicks for shipment; cleans, maintains and repairs Cultivates flowers, trees; shrubs and other plants in hatchery equipment; keeps records of eggs graded and parks or public or private gardens: incubated and other data. prepares soil, plants flowers, shrubs and trees, sows May examine breeding poultry for diseases. grass seed and lays turf; treats plants, shrubs and trees with chemicals to control diseases and pests; weeds 6-26.90Other Poultry Farm Workers. flower beds, .clips shrubs, prunes trees, mows lawns, This group includes poultry farm workers not else- maintains paths and otherwise tends gardens. where classified, for example those who specialise in May propagate plants from seeds or cuttings in a trimming and searing beaks, claws and wings of chicks; glasshouse, or by budding and grafting or other collecting semen and artificiallyinseminating hens; methods. May also grow vegetables and tend fruit determining the sex of chicks; or minding flocks of trees in private gardens. turkeys or geese. Park maintenance men are classified in 6-29.60. 6-27.90Other Nursery Workers and Gardeners. 6-27 Nursery Workers and Gardeners This group includes nursery workers and gardeners not Workers in this unit group perform nursery, elsewhere classified, for example those who specialise in growing tropical and other plants for exhibition or gardening and market gardening tasks. medicinal purposes; growing plants and shrubs to develop Their functions include: new varieties and colours; or growing plants required by performing a variety of tasks in the growing research workers for experimental purposes. of vegetables by intensive cultivation techniques 6-28 Farm Machinery Operators or in the propagation and cultivation of trees, Workers in this unit group operate farm shrubs, flowers and other plants, and the pro-machinery. duction of bulbs and seeds, for sale; cultivating flowers, trees, shrubs and other Their functions include: plants in parks or public or private gardens; operating and servicing one or more types of growing tropical and other plants for exhibi-motorised farm machinery or equipment; tion or medicinal purposes; operating and servicing one or more types performing related tasks. of farm machinery or equipment drawn or powered by animals. 6-27.20 Market Garden Worker. Milker (machine) is classified in 6-25.20 and Performs a variety of tasks in the growing of vegetables operators of bulldozers and excavating and by intensive cultivation techniques: trench-digging machines are classified in unit prepares soil and plants lettuce, tomato, carrot, pea, group 9-74. onion, sprout and other vegetable seeds in open or under glassinoff-season;regulates temperature, 6-28.20Motorised Farm Equipment Operator. humidity, ventilation and lighting of glasshouses; thins Operates and services one or more types of motorised seedlings and transplants them to open or glassed farm machinery or equipment: beds; weeds and waters plants; treats plants with chemicals to control diseases and pests;selects, prepares and adjusts self-propelled ploughing, plant- gathers, grades and tacks produce for marketing; ing, harvesting, baling or other special-purpose farm sterilises soil and fumigates glasshouses; maintains and machinery, or similar tractor-drawn equipment; drives repairs market garden structures and equipment. self-propelled machine, or tractor with attachments, and manipulates controls to plough, plant, harvest and May operate tractors, ploughs and other farm machin- perform other farming operations; sets and operates ery.May also grow fruit or flowers. threshing, winnowing and other stationary agricultural machines; drives farm tractor to tow wagons, pull out 6-27.30Nursery Worker. tree stumps and perform other tasks; cleans and Performs a variety of tasks in the propagation and lubricates machines and does minor repairs. cultivation of trees, shrubs, flowers and other plants, and May specialise in operation of particular type of the production of bulbs and seeds, for sale: machine or equipment and be designated accordingly.

143 6

6-28.90 - 6-3

6-28.90Other Farm Machinery Operators. 6-29.40Tree Tapper (except Rubber). This group includes farm machinery operators not Makes cuts in trunks of certain kinds of trees and elsewhere classified, for example those who specialise ingathers exuded gums, resins, or other saps: operating and servicing one or more types of farm machin- cuts oval-shaped faces on tree with broadaxe pre- ery drawn or powered by animals. paratory to tapping; cuts narrow V-shaped opening in tree trunk with axe or special tool to permit flow 6-29 Agricultural and Animal Husbandry of sap; fastens cups on trees to catch sap; frequently Workers Not Elsewhere Classified checks tapped trees, empties full cups into bucket, and scrapes coagulated sap from scars on trees. Workers in this unit group perform tasks in agriculture and animal husbandry not classified elsewhere. 6-29.50Irrigator. Their functions include: Performs a variety of tasks in irrigating agricultural land: performing a variety of tasks in the establish- checks that irrigation channels are unobstructed and ment and care of beehives and the extraction of starts water flow from canal or river by operating honey or in the breeding and raising of silk- motorised pump, syphon or manual or animal- worms, other insects and reptiles; powered water-lifting wheel, or by opening gate in irrigation conduit; stops water flow when land is tapping trees and gathering their saps; sufficiently irrigated; maintains and repairs irrigation irrigating agricultural land; equipment and keeps irrigation channels and conduits maintaining recreation and sports grounds. in good order. May irrigate with fixed or rotating sprays or by other 6-29.20Apiary Worker. means. Performs a variety of tasks in the establishment and care of beehives and the extraction of honey: 6-29.60Groundsman. affixes waxed paper to wooden frames on which honey combs will be formed; induces swarming bees into new Maintains golf courses, race-tracks, cricket, baseball hives; admits smoke into hives to stupefy bees andand football fields,tennis courts, and other sports, gain access, kills moths and other parasites in hives,recreation and park grounds: destroys superfluous queen bees, and removes full mows, rolls and waters turf; seeds or returfs pitches, honeycombs; extracts honey from combs in press or greens or other grassed areas; marks out playing fields centrifuge; maintains and repairs hives and other apiary and tennis courts, prepares golf teeing-grounds and equipment. greens, prepares and maintains fences and jumps on May feed bees with sugar solution in winter, including horse race-tracks and performs related taslcs on other chemical additives, to preserve their health. May move sports and recreation grounds; repairs fences and hives close to orchards or other suitable sites in stands, trims hedges and grass verges, removes litter flowering season. and performs various other tasks to keep grounds in good condition. 6.29.30Sericulture Worker. May plant and cultivate flowers, shrubs and trees and Performs a variety of tasks in the breeding and raising perform landscaping tasks. of silkworms: collects eggs deposited by silkworm moths; retains 6-29.90OtherAgriculturaland Animal Husbandry healthy eggs and cleans and stores them at proper tem,- Workers. perature for hatching, using incubators if necessary; feeds growing worms with mulberry leaves and main- This group includes agricultural and animal husbandry tains correct temperature, ,..tatilation and humidity inworkers not elsewhere classified, for example those who ,rearing houses; collects COCOOP. when silkworms de-mainly perform tasks in breeding and raising frogs, velop to chrysalis stage; selects cocoons suitable forsnails, snakes or worms; breeding and raising birds for breeding and hangs them in special room to developzoos or for sale as pets; growing mushrooms or spices; or into moths; dries, sorts and grades cocoons prepara-gathering roots, herbs, reeds, osier and other natural tory to sale; cleans and disinfects rearing houses. forest products.

6-3 FORESTRY WORKERS

Workers in this minor group supervise and perform tasks in the cultivation, conservation and exploitation of forests.They are classified in the unit groups listed below: 6-31Loggers. 6-32Forestry Workers (except Logging).

144 6

6-31 - 6-32.20

6-31Loggers 6-31.40River Driver. Launches logs into river and guides them downstream Workers in this unit group perform loggingto mill or into rafts or booms for further transport: tasks. rolls logs into stream, using pike or cant hook; walks on floating logs and guides them with pike to prevent Their functions include: them running aground or being stopped by obstacles; felling trees and sawing them into logs; frees jammed logs with pike' or cant hook or by means trimming and topping trees selected for log- of dynamite. hauling operations; May return up river and roll stranded logs into river, or pull trapped logs onto shore to be collected by launching logs into river and guiding them truck. May walk on logs or work from boat to downstream to mill or into rafts or booms for assemble logs into rafts or booms using pike or cant further transport; hook and bind them together with chains or other operating wood-harvesting machines; fastening devices. May guide assembled raft or boom loading logs into chutes or stacking them; downstream. shaping rough products from logs at felling 6-31.90Other Loggers. site; This group includes loggers not elsewhere classified, grading logs according to quality; for example those who are occupied mainly in operating determining volume of marketable timberwood-harvesting machines to fell, branch, cross-cut or in logs. bark trees or to perform other logging operations; load- Logging rigger is classified in 9-72.90, Timber-ing logs into chutes or stacking them preparatory to carrier driver in 9-79.50, winch and hoist oper- transport out of forest; shaping rough wooden products from logs, such as railway ties and telephone poles, near ators are classified in unit group 9-73, operatorsfelling site; examining logs and grading them according to of bulldozers, road-making and related equip- quality or measuring them to determine their volume of ment inunit group 9-74 and Animal andmarketable timber. animal-drawn vehicle drivers in unit group 9-86. 6-32Forestry Workers (except Logging) 6-31-10 Logger (General). Fells trees, saws them into logs and performs other Workers in this unit group supervise and per- logging tasks: form tasks in the cultivation, conservation and identifies tree to be felled, according to markings or exploitation of forests. other instructions, and clears undergrowth; fells tree, Their functions include: using axe and powered or hand saw, trims branches and saws trunk into logs; selects, trimsand tops anchor supervising and co-ordinating tree cultivation, trees for log hauling, attaches hauling tackle and sets conservation and harvesting operations and up winching equipment; fastens nooseof winching or enforcing safety and preservation regulations in hauling cable about logs and performs other tasks in forests; skidding or hauling them to transportation point. performing a variety of tasks in the establish- 6-31.20 Tree Feller and Bucker. ment and care of forest stands; Fells trees and saws them into logs, using axe and locating and estimating the volume of market- manual or powered saw: able timber in forests; identifies tree to be felled and determines direction in patrolling or keeping watch to detect forest which it should fall; cuts undergrowth from aroundfires and participating in fire-fighting operations; butt of tree and prepares bed for tree if necessary; performing various related tasks. attaches ropes or cables to tree, and to anchor trees if necessary, to control direction of fall; makesV-shaped cut (undercut) in tree on side to which itshould fall; 6-32.20Forest Supervisor. makes saw cut (back cut) on opposite side to under-cut Supervises and co-ordinates tree cultivation, conserva- and slightly above it; trims branches from felled tree tion and harvesting operations and enforces safety and and saws trunk into logs. preservation regulations in a forest: May use wedge to tip tree in desired direction. May supervises and directs seed harvesting, propagation and sharpen axes and saws. May specialise in felling or cultivation of young trees in forest nursery, tree bucking and be designated accordingly. planting, thinning, pruning, spraying with insecticides and other pest and disease control activities, and exe- 6-31.30 High Climber (Logging). cution of flood control and soil conservation projects; selects and marks trees for felling and inspects logging Trims and tops anchor trees selected for log hauling operations to ensure conformity with forest exploita- operations: tion programme; inspects camp sites and other recrea- climbs trees using spurs and safety belt; cuts limbs and tion areas in forest and advises visitors about camping, tops from trees, using hand saw and axe. hunting, fishing and other recreation facilities, and May attach hauling tackle to trees. about safety, sanitary and other regulations; enforces Logging rigger is classified in 9-72.90. regulations concerning fire prevention and preservation

145 6-32.30 - 6-41.30

of wild life and vegetation in forest; investigatesand records measurements and calculates volume of reports on accidents, acts of vandalism, thefts and measured trees using prepared tables and own judg- fires occurring in forest. ment; calculates total volume of marketable timber in May direct fire-fighting and search andrescue opera- forest from volume of sample trees. tions in forest. 6-32.50Forest Fire-Fighter. 6-32.30Forestry Worker. Patrols or keeps watch to detect forest fires and Performs a variety of tasks in the establishing andcareparticipates in fire-fighting operations: of forest stands: patrols defined area of forest, or maintains watch from collects, prepares and stores tree seeds; cleans, ploughs, lookout tower, to detect and prevent fires; when fire is drains, irrigates, fertilises and otherwiseprepares seed discovered informs central station of location by radio, beds and afforestation areas; sows cones,acorns and telephone or other means, and requests assistance if tree seeds and raises seedlings; transplants seedlings in necessary; attempts to suppress fire by spraying water afforestation areas; sprays insecticides, builds fences or chemicals, clearing area in path of fire and other and performs other tasks to protect trees against means, working as member of fire-fighting team to insects, diseases and predatory animals;prunes trees, fight large fires. thins out dense stands and removes damaged timber May inspect camp sites and other recreation and excessive undergrowth; cutsfirelanes and keeps areas to them clear. ensure compliance with fire-prevention regulations. May construct and maintain forest access roads. May6-32.90 also perform functions ofLogger (general) (6-31.10). Other Forestry Workers. This group includes forestry workers not elsewhere 6-32.40Timber Cruiser. classified, for example those who are occupied mainly in selecting and marking trees for felling; patrolling Locates and estimates volume of marketable standing a forest timber in a forest by examining and measuring samples ofto enforce conservation regulations; digging holes and planting tree seedlings; pruning and trimming treesto the trees: promote upward growth; removing dead and diseased maps forest and identifies marketable timber; selectstrees and unwanted species; thinning out dense stands of sample trees and measures their diameters and heights, young trees; clearing undergrowth in forest stands; or usingcalipers,tapemeasures andhandlevel; stripping bark from cork trees.

6-4 FISHERMEN, HUNTERS AND RELATED WORKERS

Workers in this minor group catch fish, hunt andtrap animals, and perform related tasks. They are classified in the unitgroups listed below: 6-41Fishermen. 6-49Fishermen, Hunters and Related Workers Not Elsewhere Classified. Hunting and fishing guidesare classified in unit group 5-91 and pelt graders and dressers in unit group 7-62.

6-41Fishermen forms some duties in operation and maintenance of vessel. Workers in this unit group catch fish. May also clean, salt or otherwise process catch aboard Their functions include: ship.May specialise in catching particular species of fish, or in using particular type of equipment, and be working as fishing-vessel crew members and designated accordingly. performing a variety of tasks in the catching of deep-sea fish; 6-41.30Inland and Coastal Waters Fisherman. performing a variety of tasks in the catching Performs a variety of tasks in the catching of fish in of fish in inland or coastal waters. inland or coastal waters: prepares fishing tackle, baits hooks, lays nets or sets 6-41.20Deep-Sea Fisherman. traps and other devices to catch fish; catches fish by such methods as laying and anchoring lines, drawing Works as fishing vessel crew member, performinga lines through water, laying nets parallel to shore and variety of tasks in the catching of deep-sea fish: pulling them to land, or using spears, fish corrals,traps prepares nets, other fishing tackle and fish bait ; catches or fish wheels; maintains and repairs fishing equip- fish by trawling nets or trolling lines, laying seinesor ment. using other kinds of deep-sea fishing equipment; sorts May specialise in catching particular species of fish, catch, stows in hold and washes down decks; main- or in using particular type of equipment, and be tains and repairs fishing equipment; usually alsoper- designated accordingly.

146 6

6-49 - 6-49.90

6-49Fishermen, Hunters and !'elated Workers prepares harpoon gun and shoots harpoon into whale when ship within range; assists in bringing whale car- Not Elsewhere Clamified cass aboard ship; uses a variety of hand and powered Workers in this unit group perform a variety equipment to cut blubber from whale, sever head, split carcass, extract offal and strip meat from bones; of fishing, hunting and related tasks not classified cuts up and stores meat in refrigerated holds; cleans elsewhere. decks and maintains and repairs whaling equipment; Their functions include: usually also performs some tasks in operation and maintenance of vessel and assists in processing blubber breeding and raising fish; or other whale products aboard ship. cultivating oysters; May specialise in one of the above-mentioned tasks and catching and processing whales at sea; be designated accordingly. catching, killing and skinning seals; trapping and hunting other wild animals; 6-49.50 Seal Hunter. performing related tasks. Performs a variety of tasks in the catching, killing and 6-49.20Fish Farm Worker. skinning of seals for their pelts: Performs a variety of tasks in the breeding and raising herds seals to killing grounds; kills seals with rifle or of fish: club, or by other means; removes skins, scrapes pelts, treats them for preservation and packs them for ship- obtains and hatches fish eggs or buys young fish (fry) ment to market. from fish hatchery; transfers fry to rearing ponds and provides required foods; collects, sorts and markets fish for food or for stocking rivers, lakes and other 6-49.60Trapper and Hunter. fishing grounds. May catch and prepare food for fish.May maintain Traps and hunts wild animals, wild fowl and other reservoirs, ponds, dams or other fish farm structures. game (except seals) for skins, meat, sale alive or to exter- May be designated according to kind of fish raised. minate them as pests: May also conduct a fish hatchery. traps birds and animals by means of baited and cam- ouflaged snares and traps, or hunts them with fire- 6.49.30Oyster Farm Worker. arms or other weapons; inspects traps periodically, Cultivates oysters in specially prepared sea-water beds: removes captured prey and resets traps ;transfers animals trapped for sale alive to cage for shipment; selects and prepares area of sea bed suitable for oyster kills and skins game trapped or hunted for meat or cultivation; marks out oyster beds with stakes, removes starfish and other oyster predators, and encloses beds pelts and treats and packs pelts for marketing; main- with netting or other protection for oysters; covers tains and repairs trapping and hunting equipment. beds with clean oyster shells, specially prepared tiles, May specialise in hunting particular kind of game and poles, stones or other clean material to which oyster be designated accordingly. May market catch. larvae will attach themselves; scatters oyster larvae over beds; when young oysters have "set", transplants Other Fishermen, Hunters and Related Workers. and spaces them in growing beds or special protective 6-49.90 cages; transplants mature oysters to fattening beds; This group includes fishermen, hunters and related harvests, packs and markets fattened oysters; maintains workers not elsewhere classified, for example those who oyster beds and netting enclosures or other equipment. specialise in diving to sea bed to gather sponges and harvest May purchase oysters ready for fattening and operate pearl oysters; cultivating pearls in oysters; gathering sea fattening beds only. weed, sea mosses, turtles' eggs, and clams and other molluscs; catching tropical and other fish and sea crea- 6-49.40 Whale Hunter. tures for aquariums and museums; assisting hunters by Works as member of whaler crew performing a variety building and camouflaging traps and beating to flush of tasks in catching whales, cutting them up and pro- game; and protecting and caring for wild animals and cessing them at sea: birds in game preserves and wild-life sanctuaries.

147 MAJOR7/8/9

PRODUCTION ANDRELATED WORKERS,TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT OPERATORSAND LABOURERS

Workers in this major group areengaged in or directlyassociated with the their extraction of minerals,petroleum and natural gasfrom the earth and treatment; manufacturing processes;the construction,maintenance and repair of various types of roads, structures,machines and other products.Also included equipment and are thosewho handle materials, operatetransport and other perform labouring tasksrequiring primarily physicaleffort. They are classified inthe following minor groups: 7-0 Productionsupervisors and general foremen. 7-1 Miners, quarrymen,well drillers and relatedworkers. 7-2 Metal processers. 7-3 Wood preparationworkers and paper makers. 7-4 Chemical processersand related workers. 7-5 Spinners, weavers,knitters, dyers and relatedworkers. 7-6 Tanners, fellmongersand pelt dressers. 7-7 Food and beverage processers. 7-8 Tobacco preparersand tobacco product makers. 7-9 Tailors, dressmakers, sewers,upholsterers and related workers. 8-0 Shoemakers andleather goods makers. 8-1 Cabinetmakersand related woodworkers. 8-2 Stone cutters and carvers. 8-3 Blacksmiths,toolmakers and machine tooloperators. 8-4 Machinery fitters,machine assemblers andprecision-instrument makers (except electrical). and related electricaland electronics workers. 8-5 Electrical fitters cinema 8-6 Broadcasting stationand sound equipmentoperators and p-:ojectionists. 8-7 Plumbers, welders,sheet metal and structuralmetal preparers and erectors. 8-8 Jewellery andprecious metal workers. 8-9 Glass formers, pottersand related workers. 9-0 Rubber and plasticsproduct makers. 9-1 Paper and paperboardproducts makers. 9-2 Printers and relatedworkers. 9-3 Painters. 9-4 Production andrelated workers not elsewhereclassified. /50149 7/8/9

7-0 - 7.00.40

9-5 Bricklayers, carpenters and otherconstruction workers. 9-6 Stationary engine and related equipmentoperators. 9-7 Material handling and relatedequipment operators, dockers and freight handlers. 9-8 Transport equipment operators. 9-9 Labourers not elsewhere classified.

7-0 PRODUCTION SUPERVISORS ANDGENERAL FOREMEN Workers in this minor group supervise, withinan industrial enterprise, the production activities of a distinct sector or unit concerned withextracting, processing, fabricatingor construction work. They control and co-ordinate, subjectto the general directives of the Generalmanager (2-11.10) or Production manager (2-12.10), the activities of workersengaged in various occupations in this unit, including the activities of subordinate supervisorsand foremen. They are classified in the unitgroup mentioned below : 7-00Production Supervisors and General Foremen.

7-00Production Supervisors and General equipment performance, and quality of product,and Foremen suggests changes in working conditions anduse of equipment to increase efficiency; analyses and resolves Workers in this group supervise, subject to the work problems;interpretsenterprisepoliciesto general directives of the Productionmanager workers and enforces safety regulations; supervises (2-12.10) or General manager (2-11.10), within and co-ordinates activities of subordinate foremen; an industrial enterprise, the production activities recommends or initiates personnel action, suchas promotions, transfers,discharges and disciplinary of a distinct sector or unit concerned withextract- measures. ing, processing, fabricatingor construction work; they control and co-ordinate the activities of7-00.20Supervisor andGeneral Foreman (Mining, workers engaged in various occupations in this Quarrying and Well Drilling). unit including theactivities Supervises production activities of a distinct unit in of subordinatea mine or quarry or at well-drilling site and controls and supervisors and foremen. co-ordinates the activities of workers in this unit engaged Their functions include: in various extracting occupations: interpreting specifications and job orders; performs tasks similar to those of Production supervisor and general foreman (general) (7-00.10) ina mine or determining sequence of operations anduse of quarry, or at a well-drilling site. equipment; May do shot-firing. May be designated accordingto estimating manpower requirements; type of mine, quarry or well, or type of material assigning duties to workers; extracted, or section of the establishment supervised. analysing and resolving work problems; 7-00.30 Supervisor and General Foreman (Metal Pro- co-ordinating the work of the unit with that of cessing) other units in the plant; Supervises production activities of a distinct unit interpreting enterprise policies to workers; within a metal-processing establishment and controls recommending or initiating personnel action.and co-ordinates the activities of workers in this unit engaged in various occupations: 7-00.10 Production Supervisor and General Foreman performs tasks similar to those of Productionsuper- (General). visor and general foreman (general) (7-00.10) ina Supervises production activities ina distinct unit steel mill, foundry or other metal-processing establish- within an establishment, and controls and co-ordinates ment, in which metals are melted, converted, refined, activities of workers in this unit engaged in various cast, extruded, coated or otherwise treated andpro- processing and fabricating occupations: cessed. studies production programme and estimatesman- May be designated according to type ofprocess, or power requirements; interprets specifications, blue- unit supervised, or material processed. prints and job orders and determinessequence of operations; estimates supplies and materials, needed7-00.40 Supervisor and General Foreman (Chemicaland and makes requisitions; establishesor adjusts work Related Materials Processing). procedures to meet production schedules and assigns Supervises production activities ofa distinct unit duties to workers; co-ordinates work of unit with that within an establishment concerned with the processing of other production units within the establishment; of basic chemical components and related materials, recommends measures to improve production methods, including petroleum refining and preparation ofpaper

150 7/8/9

7-00.50 - 7.00.80 pulp, and controls and co-ordinates activities of workers May be designated according to unit supervised, or in this unit engaged in various occupations: type of product manufactured, or method of fabrica- performs tasks similar to those ofProduction supervisor tion. and general foreman (general) (7-00.10) ina production unit in which basic chemical components and 7-00.65Supervisor and General Foreman (Food and related materials are crushed, ground, mixed, blended, Beverages Processing). cooked, roasted,filtered,heat-treated,refined or Supervi§e§ production activities of a distinct unit otherwise processed. within an establishment in which foodstuffs and beverages May be designated according to type of process, orare processed or manufactured on an industrial. basis, unit supervised, or material processed. and controls and do-ordinates the activities of the workers in this unit engaged in various occupations: 7-00.50Supervisor and General Foreman (Manufactur- performs tasks similar to those of Productionsupervisor ing of Machinery and Metal Products). and general foreman (general) (7-00.10) ina production unit in which foodstuffs and beverages are pro- Supervises production activities of a distinct unit cessed. within an establishinent concerned with manufacturing and assembly of mechanical equipment and metal May be designated according to type of process, or products, such as machinery, precision instruments and unit supervised, or product made. scientific apparatus, transport equipment and metal parts of various kinds, and controls and co-ordinates the 7-00.70Supervisor and General Foreman (Production of activities of workers in this unit engaged in various Textiles and Clothing Manufacturing). occupations : Supervises production activities of a distinct unit performs tasks similar to those of Productionsupervisor within an establishment in which textiles are produced or and general foreman (general) (7 -00.10) ina productionclothing is manufactured, and controls and co-ordinates unit in which metal products are fabricated or mechan-the activities of the workers in this unit engaged in various ical equipment (other than electrical and electronic)occupations: is assembled. performs tasks similar to those of Productionsupervisor May be designated according to unit supervised, or and general foreman (general) (7-00.10) ina produc- type of product or equipment manufactured. May tion unit in which textiles are produced or in which also supervise other workers engaged primarily in clothing is manufactured. installation of mechanical equipment or metal pro- May be designated according to unit supervised, or ducts in places of use. product manufactured, or process employed.

7-00.55Supervisor and General Foreman (Manufactur- 7-00.75Supervisor and General Foreman (Construction ing and Inttallationof Electrical and Electronic Work). Equipment). Supervises, on a construction site,activities of a Supervises production activities of a distinct unit distinct unit of a construction enterprise which executes a within an establishment concerned with the manufactureconstruction project, or one or more phases thereof, and of electrical and electronic equipment and controls andcontrols and co-ordinates the activities of the workers in co-ordinates the activities of workers in this unit engagedthis unit engaged in various occupations: in various occupations: performs tasks similar to those of Productionsupervisor performs tasks similar to those of Productionsupervisor and general foreman (general)(7-00.10)but super- and general foreman (general) (7-00.10) ina produc- vises a unit which executes one or more phases of a tion unit in which electrical and electronic equipment construction project, or the complete project, such as is manufactured. erection of buildings, bridges or other structures, or May supervise other workers engaged primarily in constructing dams, harbours, canals, railways, roads, installation of electrical and electronic equipment in airfields or other earthworks. places of use.May be designated according to unit May recommend improvements and modifications in supervised, or equipment manufactured, or type of design and construction techniques. May be desig- installation carried out. nated according to type of construction project executed or method of construction employed. 7-00.60Supervisor and General Foreman (Fabrication of Products of Paper, Plastics, Rubber, Chemical and7-00.80Supervisor and General Foreman (Production and Synthetic Materials). Distribution of Electricity, Gas and Water). Supervises production activities of a distinct unit Supervises the activities of a distinct unit within an within an establishment concerned with the fabricationestablishment concerned with the production and distribu- of products from paper, rubber, plastics or other synthetiction of electricity, steam or gas, or with water supply, materials or the manufacture of pharmaceutical andsewage disposal and treatment, or refrigeration and chemical products, and controls and co-ordinates theassimilated services, and controls and co-ordinates the activities of workers in this unit engaged in variousactivities of the workers in this unit engaged in various occupations: occupations: performs tasks similar to those of Productionsupervisor performs tasks similar to those of Productionsupervisor and general foreman (general) (7-00.10) ina produc- and general foreman (general) (7-00.10)in electric tion unit in which products of paper, rubber, plastics power plants, gas works, waterworks, sewage disposal or other synthetic materials are fabricated or pharma- and treatment plants, steam supply plants, refrigeration ceutical and other chemical products are manufactured. and assimilated works.

151 7/8/9

7-00.90 - 7-11.30

May be designated according to unit supervised,orthose performing tasks similar to those of Production type of utility or service. supervisor and general foreman (general) (7-00.10) ina 7-00.90 production unit concerned with an activity suchas Other ProductionSupervisorsandGeneral printing; processing non-metallic minerals; processing Foremen. skins, pelts and leathers; fabricating wood, stone, clay This group includes other production supervisors andand glass products; fabricating products made from general foremen not elsewhere classified,Included are assorted materials.

7-1 MINERS, QUARRYMEN, WELL DRILLERS ANDRELATED WORKERS

Workers in this minor group extract solid minerals fromunderground or surface mines and quarries, prepare the extracted minerals for distributionor further processing, and erect and operate drilling plant and perform related tasks in the sinkingand operation of wells. They are classified in the unit groups listed below: 7-11Miners and Quarrymen. 7-12 Mineral and Stone Treaters. 7-13 Well Drillers, Borers and Related Workers. Operators of earth-moving equipment in mines and quarriesare classified in unit group 9-74; crusher-grinder operators employed in chemicaland related processing plants in unitgroup 7-41; well diggers who work with hand tools in unitgroup 9-59; and riggers (oil and gas well drilling) in unit group 9-72.

7-11Miners and Quarrymen hews minerals with hand or pneumatic pick; drills holes in workface with hand or pneumatic drill; Workers in this unitgroup extract solid inserts, tamps and fires explosives; shovels dislodged minerals from undergroundor surface mines and mineral into mine cars or onto conveyor; pushescars quarries. to haulageway; installs chutes or staging, and woodor steel props, pillars and arches to support walls and Their functions include: roofs; extends car rails to workface. extracting coal, ores and other solid minerals Usually specialises in mining particular mineral and is from undergound or surface mines; designated accordingly. extracting granite, limestone, slate, flintor other kinds of stone from quarries; 7-11.10Quarryman (General). Extracts granite, limestone or other kinds of stone setting and operating machines whichcutfrom quarry: channels in mine workface, drill holes into mine drills holes in quarry workface with handor pneumatic or quarry workface for blasting or extract coal drill; inserts, tamps and fires explosives; breaks large automatically from coalseam; blocks of dislodged stone into smaller pieces; attaches hoisting cable-hooks or slings toremove dislodged determining positions and force of explosions stone from quarry. required, and charging and firing explosives, to Usually specialises in quarrying particular stone and is dislodge solid mineral from mineor quarry designated accordingly. workface; cutting, fitting and installing woodor steel 7-11.20Cutting-Machine Operator (Mine). props, pillars and arches to support walls and Sets ma': operates machine which cuts channels in mine roofs of underground workings; workface: collecting samples of coalor ore for laboratory sets machine in position and starts cutting mechanism; analysis; guides cutter bar to cut channel acrossor down side of workface; services machine and does minor repairs. extracting chalk, clay, gravelor sand from open pits; May lay rails on which machine travels. performing other tasks relatedto the fore-7-11.30Drilling-Machine Operator (Mine and Quarry). going. Sets and operates machine which drills holes into mine or quarry workface for blasting: 7-11.05 Miner (General). sets machine in position, selects and inserts drill and Extracts coal, ores or other solid minerals from under- connects power and water supplies; operates controls ground or surface mine: to start drill and water flow; advances drill into work-

152 7/8/9

7-11.40 - 7-12.30

face, exerting pressure as necessary; replaces bluntsteel supports from disused workings; direct high-pressure drills, and selects and inserts longer drills as holestreams of water against gravel banks to force gravel deepens; services machine and does minor repairs. intosluicesfrom which metalliferous minerals are May insert, tamp and fire explosives in holes. Mayrecovered; cut stone from quarry faces withpower- be designated according to type of drill or mountingdriven saws; split sample cores of mineral-bearing rock used. strata removed from diamond core drills for laboratory analysis; or extract chalk, clay, gravel or sand fromopen 7-11.40Continous Mining-Machine Operator. pits. Operates self-propelled continuous-mining machine to mine coal underground: 7-12Mineral and Stone Treaters drives machines into position at coalface; advances Workers in this unit groupprepare ores, ripper bar or boring head into coal seam; startsstone and other minerals for distribution or machine to extract coal and convey it to floor or haulage car at rear; adjusts machine and changesfurther processing. cutting tools as necessary; services machine and does Their functions include: minor repairs. drilling holes and driving wedges into quarried May raise hydraulic safety bar to support roof above machine untilUnderground timberman(7-11.60) stone to break it into slabs or blocks; completes his work. May be designated according to operating machines which crush and break trade name of machine. lumps of mineral (except chemicals) to required 7-11.50Shot-Firer (Mine and Quarry). size; tending gravity device to separate slate and Determines positions and force of explosions required, and charges and sets off explosives to dislodge coal, ore, rock from coal; rock or other solid mineral from mine or quarry work- operating grinding mill to pulverise stone and face: mineral-bearing ores; determinespositions of explosionsrequired and operating batteries of jigsorfloatation instructs Drilling-machine operator (mine and quarry) machines to separate mineral fromgangue; (7-11.30) to drill holes accordingly; inspects blasting area to ensure observance of safety regulations; tending equipment which precipitates goldor decides required quantity of explosive and inserts insilver from cyanide solution onto zinc; drilled holes; attaches fuses or wires to detonators performing related tasks. and inserts them in holes; tamps holes with clay, rock dust, sand or other materials; signals to other workers7-12.20Stone Splitter. to take cover; splits end of fuse or connects wire to exploder; lights fuse or depresses handle of exploder to Drills holes and drives wedges into quarried stone to fire explosive. break it into slabs or blocks: May, if working underground, test blast area for marks off stone to required size and according to inflammable gas and check roof supports. grain; connects compressed-air line to percussion-type drill and inserts bit in chuck; determines number, depth 7-11.60 Underground Timberman. and positioning of holes to break stone evenly and Cuts, fits and installs wood or steel props, pillars and cleanly; drills holes to required depth; places strips of arches to support walls and roofs of mines and other shaped steel in holes and metal or wooden wedges underground workings: between strips; drives in wedges evenly with hand hammer until stone cracks. cuts and shapes timbers to size and wedges, blocks, nails and bolts them into position to support walls and May make holes by hammering. May use special roofs of underground workings; fits and installs steel hammer to split stone without drilling or making props, arches and girders; makes and installs ladders, holes. chutes, cribs and other wooden frameworks; repairs Stone cutters and carvers are classified in unit group and resets defective supports. 8-20.

7-11.70 Sampler (Mine). 7-12.30Mineral-Crushing-Machine Operator. Collects small amounts of coal or ore from specified Operates machine which crushes and breaks lumps of locations in mine for laboratory analysis: mineral (except chemicals) to required size: collects samples of coal or ore from various parts of regulates flow of mineral from conveyors, chutesor mine and from cars, conveyors, chutes and other bins into crusher, or loads mineral into hopper of sourcespredeterminedtoproviderepresentative machine; forces large lumps of mineral between samples; records origin of samples, makes identifica- crusher jaws with bar and breaks oversize lumps with tion tags and places samples in bags to forward to sledgehammer; maintains uniform flow of crushed laboratory. mineral to screens for sizing or to rolls for further May pulverise samples by machine prior to bagging. crushing; cleans and services machine and does minor May plot sources of samples on mine map. repahs. May be designated according to type of mineral 7-11.90 Other Miners and Quarrymen. crushed. This group includes miners and quarrymen not else- Crusher operator (chemical and related processes) is where classified, for example those who remove wood and classified in 7-41.20.

153 7/8/9

7-12.40 - 7-13.40

7-12.40Mineral-Milling-Machine Operator. machines that compress finely ground minerals or coal Operates ball mill that pulverisesstone mineral-into briquettes or pellets; and operating machines which bearing ores or coal for further processing: separate minerals by magnetism. regulates flow of crushed materials from conveyors, chutes or bins into mill; adds steel balls to mill as7-13 Well Drillers, Borers and Related Workers needed or specified; starts and runs mill for specified Workers in this unit group erect and operate time or regulates inflow of materials when tending continuous mill. drilling plant and perform related tasks in the May operate mill to mix materials for wet or dry sinking and operation of wells. grinding. May be designated according to type of Their functions include : mill operated or material ground. preparing and operating derrick pipe-handling 7-12.50Jig Tender. devices and slush pumps; Operates battery of jigs which separate mineral from operating rotary or percussion drilling plant to gangue: drill oil or gas wells; regulates pulsating flow of water through screens in cementing openings in walls or casings of oil bottom of jigs or speed of reciprocal motion of screens; or gas wells; controls flow of mined material and water into jigs, cleaning and servicing oil or gas wells and observes operation and adjusts controls as necessary to obtain efficient separation; cleans and servicesrepairing and replacing pumping rods, casings machine and does minor repairs. and tubings; treating oil and gas wells with acid to increase 7-12.60Floatation Man. their production; Operatet floatation machine which separates mineral setting up and operating drilling plant to from gangue: drill wells or bores other than for oil or gas ; controls flow of mined material, water and floatation performing related tasks. reagents into cells of machine; regulates speed of agitators in cells which force mineral to surface and7-13.20 Derrickman (Oil and Gas Wells). into containers; obServes operation and adjusts con- Sets up and operates derrick equipment and pumps trols as necessary to obtain efficient separation; cleans to circulate mud through drill hole: and services machine and does minor repairs. sets up pulley supports at top of derrick and strings May be designated according to mineral separated. cables though pulleys and blocks; attaches and detaches lifting equipment to lower or raise sections of drill 7-12.70Precipitator. pipe into or out of borehole; weighs clay and mixes Tends equipment which precipitates gold or silver from drilling mud to required consistency; controls pumps cyanide solution onto zinc: to circulate mud through drill pipe and borehole while packs zinc shavings into compartmented zinc boxes; drilling progresses; assists in other rigging tasks and in regulates flow of cyanide solution through boxes where dismantling equipment; maintains and repairs pulleys, gold or silver precipitates on zinc; shuts off flow of blocks and cables; relieves and assists in supervising solution and turns on water; agitates shavings to other members of drilling crew. remove precipitate and drains off water and precipitate May service pumps. (slime) from boxes; treats slime with sulphuric acid Oil and gas well-drilling rigger is classified in 9-72.50. and filters it in filter press; washes precipitate residue with water under pressure and dries it with compressed7-13.30 Rotary Driller (Oil and Gas Wells). air. Operates rotary drilling plant to drill oil or gas wells: May tend equipment which precipitates gold or silver selects and fixes drill bits according to nature of strata onto zinc dust in mixing cones. encountered; examines slush pumps to ensure proper circulation and consistency of drilling mud; observes 7-12.80 Cone Operator (Mine). pressure gauge and controls pressure and speed of Tends gravity device (cone) to separate slate and rock rotation of tools in borehole; connects and dis- from coal: connects sections of drill pipe being run into or out of well; manipulates levers, pedals and brakes to control starts conveyor and regulates flow of material into top machinery which supplies power for lowering or of cone; regulates flow of water into bottom ofcone raising drill pipe and casing into or out of well; and maintains specified pressure to carry coal off with examines cores or cuttings to ascertain nature of strata overflow while rock and slate fall to bottom;opens encountered; uses special tools to retrieve broken drill slate gate at bottom to draw off impurities. equipment from borehole; caps well or regulates valves to control outflow of oil or gas; keeps drilling 7-12.90 Other Mineral and Stone Treaters. records.

This group includes mineral treaters not elsewhere May explode charge in borehole to start flow of oil or. classified, for example those operating equipmentto gas. May set up drilling plant. dissolve gold and silver in cyanide solution to separate it from gangue; removing impurities from minerals by7-13.40Cable Driller (Oil and Gas Wells). means of running water; operating vibrating and oscillat- Operates cable (percussion) drilling plant to drill oil or ing screens or tables to size or separate minerals; tending gas wells :

154 7/8/9

7-13.50 - 7-2

selects drill bits and assembles drilling tools on end of retrieve broken drill equipment from well and to clean cable; regulates stroke and force of impact with which casing and tubing. bit strikes bottom of borehole; examines drillings to May recover tubing and rods from abandoned wells. ascertain nature of strata encountered; connects and disconnects casing and tubing sections and operates 7-13.70Acidiser (Oil and Gas Wells). controls to lower or raise them into or out of borehole; Treats oil and gas wells with acid to increase their uses special tools to retrieve broken drill equipment from production: borehole; caps well or regulates valves to control outflow of oil or gas; keeps drilling records. studies rock formations and well conditions; determines type, strength and quantity of acid required, duration of May explode charge in borehole to start flow of oil or treatment and point and method of application; gas. May set up drilling plant. directs setting-up of mixing and pumping equipment; supervises acid blending; controls pumping of acid 7-13.50 Cementer (Oil and Gas Wells). through tubes to specified rock formations; flushes out Cements openings in walls or casings of oil or gas excess acid on completion of treatment. wells: 7-13.80 Well Driller and Borer (except Oil and Gas studies rock formations and well conditions and Wells). determines method of cementing; calculates quality and quantity of cement required; supervises mixing of Sets up and operates drilling plant to drill wells or cement and pumping of it to predetermined sections ofbores other than for oil or gas: well; determines solidification time and tests completed erects derrick and connects shafting from power source; job by emptying well and testing for seepage. selects and fixes drill bits; controls speed and force of drilling; connects and disconnects casing, tubing or May supervise workers locating faults in casing, mixing rod sections and operates controls to lower or raise drilling fluids and regulating pressure to control un- them into or out of borehole; operates pumps to stable wells. remove sludge or debris from borehole. 7-13.60 Well Puller (Oil and Gas Wells). 7-13.90 Other Well Drillers, Borers and Related Workers. Cleans and services oil and gas wells and repairs and This group includes well drillers, borers and related replaces pumping rods, casings and tubings: workers not elsewhere classified, for example those who operates winching or jacking equipment to raise rods,specialise in operating plant to prepare drilling fluid by casings and tubings from well; cleans, straightens andmixing clay, sand and water to specified viscosity and repairs rods, casings and tubings; places plug devicepumping it into borehole; devising and applying methods into well to control flow of oil or gas; lowers andfor retrieving broken or lost drilling equipment from operates special equipment to clear mud and slushborehole; using special test equipment to determine from well; lowers pressure-recording device into wellproductivity of strata; or starting or renewing flow of oil and interprets readings; lowersspecialtools to or gas from well by means of explosives.

7-2 METAL PROCESSERS

Workers in this minor group operate furnaces to smelt, convert, refine, melt and reheat metals; operate metal-rolling mills; pour metal into moulds and operate metal-casting machines; makesand moulds and cores for casting metal; alter the physical properties of metal objects by heating, cooling and chemical treatment; draw and extrude metals to make wire, pipes, tubes and similarproducts; operate equipment to plate and coat metal products; and perform related tasks.They are classified in the unit groups listed below:

7-21Metal Smelting, Converting and Refining Fumacemen. 7-22Metal Rolling-Mill Workers. 7-23Metal Melters and Reheaters. 7-24Metal Casters. 7-25Metal Moulders and Coremakers. 7-26Metal Annealers, Temperers and Case-Hardeners. 7-27Metal Drawers and Extruders. 7-28Metal Platers and Coaters. 7-29Metal Processers Not Elsewhere Classified.

155 718/9

7-21 - 7-21.90

7-21Metal Smelting, Converting and controls to position oxygen lance and regulate flow Refining Furnacemen of oxygen through lance onto charge; starts automatic weighing machine that releases additives onto charging Workers in this unit group operate metal conveyor; moves controls to position transfer car, smelting, converting and refining furnaces. carrying ladle and slag pots under taphole and to tilt furnace for tapping operation; directs helpersper- Their functions include: forming the more routine furnace-tending activities. operating blast furnaces to smeltores for production of ferrous or non-ferrous metals; 7-21.50Bessemer Furnaceman (Steel Converting). operating furnaces to convertor refine pig- Operates a steel converter in which molten pig-iron iron or scrap-metal to produce steel; is converted into steel: operating furnaces to convertor refine non- preheats converter and orders it to be charged with ferrous metals; molten pig-iron; controls blower which forces blast of air or oxygen through molten metal; regulates tempera- performing related tasks. ture of metal by admitting steam and adding cold Workers who operate furnaces to melt metal pig-iron or scrap steel; ascertains rate of oxidation of for casting or reheat metal for forging, pressing elements and composition of steel by observing flame issuing from converter mouth; adds specific percent- or rolling are classified in unit group 7-23. ages of alloys of carbon, manganese and silicon to obtain desired quality of steel; orders pouring of 7-21.20Blast Furnaceman (Ore Smelting). molten steel into ladles; periodically directs relining of Controls the operation of a blast furnace to smeltores converter; directs helpers performing the more routine for the production of ferrous or non-ferrous Metal: furnace-tending activities. orders furnace to be charged with raw materials suchas May operate levers to tilt converter. coke, flux and ore in alternate layers; operates battery of stoves to supply heated airblast to blastfurnace; 7-21.60Electric Arc Furnaceman (Steel Refining). observes colour of molten metal and readspyrometer to determine temperature and adjusts controls to Operates an electric-arc furnace in which high-alloy regulate temperature or pressure; determines whensteel is produced by melting and refining scrap steel: melt is ready, directs positioning of ladles andtaps orders furnace to be charged with steel; switcheson furnace by breaking clay plug in taphole;opens gates current and moves electrodes to form arc between and shutters to direct flow of molten metalor slag electrodes in charges; sets device which automatically along runners into ladle; plugs taphole after ladlesare maintains determined length of arc during melting filled, using mud gun, and relinesrunners with refrac- process; sets rheostat to control current and voltage; tory material;obtains samples of molten metal for observes meters and rise and fall of electrodes tosee laboratory analysis; or estimates and recordspercent- that charge is melting properly; skims slag from age of sulphur and silicon in iron by observing a surface of molten metal with a skimming bar; ascertains sample of iron as it cools and by observing slag forma- composition of metal by taking sample of molten metal tion; directs helpers performing themore routine and examining fracture of a cooled piece; observes furnace-tending tasks. cooling time of sample to determine fluidity of metal; switches off current and pours molten metal into ladle 7-21.30Open-Hearth Furnaceman (Steel). by tilting furnace; directs helpers performing themore routine furnace-tending activities. Operates an open-hearth furnace in which scrap-metal and pig-iron are melted and refined to produce steel: orders furnace to be charged with materials; fires7-21.70 Fumaceman, Non-Ferrous MetalConverting furnace and regulates temperature and purification and Refining. process by controlling supply of fuel and air; obtains Operates crucible, electric, open-hearth, reverberatory sample of molten metal to test it for carbon content;or other furnace for converting or refining non-ferrous opens furnace door and shovels or operates mechan-metals: ical charger to dump additives suchas fluorspar, charges furnace; fires or starts furnace; observes lime and alloys into molten metal; ascertainstempera- melting process, stirs molten metal, and skims slag ture of metal by reading pyrometer or observing from surface of metal; regulates furnace heat;ascer- colour of molten metal to determine whento tap tains pouring temperature by reading pyrometer; taps furnace; taps furnace by breaking clay plug in taphole furnace or pours molten metal into ladle; directs to allow molten metal to run off into ladle; skims slag helpers performing the more routine furnace-tending from surface of molten metal using skimming rod; activities. directs helpers performing themore routine furnace- tending activities. 7-21.90Other Metal Smelting, Converting and Refining May position oxygen lance in furnace to speedconvert- ing process. Furnacemen. This group includes metal smelting, converting and 7-21.40Oxygen Furnaceman (Steel Converting). refining furnacemen not elsewhere classified, for example those who are mainly engaged in making malleable iron Operates oxygen furnace and auxiliary equipmentto convert pig-iron into steel: in a puddling furnace, or performingone or more specialised tasks in the operation of a furnace, suchas charging, moves controls to position furnace and orders charging; operating blast- and heat-regulating systems, tapping, observes temperature gauges and recorders andmovesand pouring molten metal into ladles.

156 7/8/9

7-22 - 7-23.20

7-22 Metal Rolling-Mill Workers 7-22.50Roller, Non-Ferrous Metals. Workers in this unit group operate rolling Operates rolling mill to reduce or form hot or cold non-ferrous metal into plate, sheet, foil, wire or rod of mills to roll metal. specified dimensions: Their functions include: performs tasks similar to those of Hot-roller (steel) operating rolling mills to shape hot steel (7-22.20) and Cold-roller (steel) (7-22.40) but special- ingots into blooms, slabs, billets or sheet bars ises in rolling non-ferrous metals. for further processing, or to shape heated semi-7-22.60Seamless Pipe and Tube Roller. finished steel pieces into bars, angles, ties, rails, Operates rolls to form seamless pipes and tubes from sheets or other finished forms; billets which have been pierced longitudinally: operating continuous mills in which hot steel examines drawings and specifications;selects and slabs are passed through a series of rolls (stands) installs rolls which form specified outside diameter to produce finished plates or sheets in one of tubing; selects and screws plug to a power-driven rod (mandrel) which rotates the plug inside the billet continuous operation; and forms the required inside diameter; starts machine operating rolling mills to reduce cold steel and runs billet through first and successive sets of strip or sheet to required gauge and impart rolls and over plug on mandrel until internal and desired finish; external dimensions of tubing meet specifications; examines and measures tubing for defects and for operating rolling mills to reduce or form hot conformity to specifications. or cold non-ferrous metal into plate, sheet, foil, wire or rod of specified dimensions; 7-22.70Manipulator (Rolling Mill). operating rolls to form seamless tubes and Manipulates controls of a rolling mill according to pipes from billets which have been pierced longi-signals from roller to position ingots or blooms for entry tudinally; into roll of mill: manipulating controls of a rolling mill accord- moves levers to transfer ingot from entrance table onto ing to signals from roller; entrance conveyor, and to align side guards that guide ingot into rolls; Observes rolling process and manipu- performing related tasks. lates controls to turn ingot after each pass; assists rolling mill crew in roll changes and repairs. 7-22.20Hot-Roller (Steel). Operates rolling mill to shape hot steel ingots into 7-22.90Other Metal Rolling-Mill Workers. blooms, slabs, billets or sheet bars for further processing, This group includes metal rolling-mill operators not or to shape heated semi - finished steel pieces into bars,elsewhere classified, for example those who assist in angles, ties, rails, sheets or other finished forms: rolling operations by guiding and turning metal on con- interprets written or verbal instructions and determines veyors or tables to, from, and through rolls of rolling procedure of work; directs setting of rolls and mill machine. and conveyor speeds, and regulation of water sprays; observes operation of mill, inspects products during 7-23 Metal Melters and Reheaters rolling and directs adjustment of controls as necessary; examines and measures finished products. Workers in this unit group operate furnaces May specialise in operating particular type of rollingto melt or reheat metals. mill, such as cogging mill, bar mill or blooming mill, Their functions include: and be designated accordingly. May control electronic equipment for automatic rolling of steel shapes accord- operating furnaces to melt ferrous and non- ing to programmed data. ferrous metals for casting; operating furnaces to reheat bars, plates and 7-22.30Continuous-Mill Roller (Steel). other stock metal forms prior to forging, power- Operates continuous mill in which hot steel slabs arepressing, rolling or other further processing; passed throug,h a series of rolling (stands) to produce performing related tasks. finished plates or sheets in one continuous operation: performs tasks similar to those of Hot-roller (steel) 7-23.20Furnaceman, Metal-Melting, except Cupola. (7-22.20) but specialises in rolling steel sheets or plates in one continuous operation. Operates furnace (except cupola) to melt ferrous or non-ferrous metal for casting: 7-22.40Cold-Roller (Steel). directs charging of electric-arc, crucible; reverberatory or other furnace (except cupola); fires furnace or Operates rolling mill to reduce cold steel strip or sheet switches on current, and adjusts furnace controls to to required gauge and impart desired surface finish: build up and maintain required temperature; ascer- performs tasks similar to those of Hot-roller (steel) tains temperature of metal from colour of melt and by (7-22.20) but specialises in operating a cold-rolling using pyrometer; determines when melt is ready for mill. casting and taps or tilts furnace to run or pour metal May specialise in particular type of product or cold- into ladle; directs helpers performing the more routine rolling process and be designated accordingly. furnace-tending tasks.

157 7/8/9

7-23.30 - 7-25

May assist in conveying and pouring melt into moulds. moves ladle from cupola, crucible or furnace to work May specialise in operating particular type of furnace station, using overhead conveyor for large ladles ; and be designated accordingly. tilts ladle to pour off slag or removes it with skimming device; opens spout or tilts ladle to pour metal into 7-23.30Cupola Fwmaceman. sand mould. Operates a cupola furnace in which ferrousor non- May maintain and repair ladle.May be designated ferrous metal is melted for castings: according to type of ladle used or metal poured. lines bottom and lower parts of furnace with sand; prepares and lights initial charge (coke and kindling7-24.30Centrifugal Casting-Machine Operator. wood) on bottom of furnace; orders furnace to be Operates centrifugal casting machine to cast pipes, charged with metal, coke and flux in alternate layers;brakedrurns,bushingsand othercylindricalmetal starts blower supplying air blast; observes moltenproducts: metal dripping into base of furnace; withdraws clay plug from taphole, when required level has been places mould on spinning mechanism; brushes dirt and reached, to allow molten metal torun into a ladle; metal fragments from inside of mould; places and blocks taphole with clay plug to stop flow when ladle fastens cover on ends of mould; preheats mould with is full; opens bottom doors of furnace to allow remain- blow torch; starts machine and sprays insulating agent ing slag, metal and coke to drop onto floor; chips off on inside surface of rotating mould; pours molten cinders and slag from furnace walls and repairs burned metal into mould, using hand ladle, and allows mould parts of wall lining with a mixture of fireclay and to spin for specified time to solidify metal against water; directs helpers performing the more routine walls; unfastens mould cover and removes casting furnace-tending activities. using tongs or hydraulic ram. May set machine controls to rotate mould at specified 7-23.40Furnaceman, Metal Reheating. speed. May work at a single station on a multi- station (indexing-type) centrifugal casting machine, Operates furnace to reheat bars, plates and other stock and perform only some of the above tasks. metal forms prior to forging, power-pressing, rollingor other further processing: 7-24.40 Die-Casting-Machine Operator. fires furnace and regulates controls to build up and maintain specified temperature; charges furnace with Operates die-casting machine to make castings from metal to be heated; ascertains furnace temperaturenon-ferrous metals: from colour of metal or using pyrometer; observes preheats die sections with blow torch, blows metal heating progress and turns metal about with tongs and fragments from die surfaces with airhose, brushes bars to obtain uniform and thorough heating; with- lubricant over and regulates flow of water coolant draws metal from furnace and moves it to designated through dies; ladles molten zinc, aluminium, magne- working area; directs helpers performing themore sium or other non-ferrous metal directly into cold routine furnace-tending tasks. chamber machine or into heated reservoir of hot chamber machine; closes and locks dies and activates 7-23.90Other Metal Melters and Reheaters. plunger to force metal into die cavities; removes This group includes metal melters and reheaters not casting with tongs and inspects it for defects. elsewhere classified, for example those who specialise in May set dies in machine. May cool casting in water. the production of ferrous or non-ferrous alloys by melting May use gauges to measure castings. and mixing metals in prescribed percentages;or mainly perform one or more specialised tasks in the operation7-24.50 Continuous Rod-Casting-Machine Operator of a furnace, such as charging, operating blast- and heat- (Non-Ferrous Metal). regulating systems, tapping, and pouring molten metal Sets up and operates continuous casting machine to into ladles. produce tubes and rods from non-ferrous metal: 7-24 Metal Casters threads graphite die into bottom of crucible which holds molten metal during casting process; places Workers in this unit group pour metal into water jacket around die and connects waterlines; moulds and operate metal-casting machines. inserts metal bar (starting tip) through die into crucible where it provides weld with molten metal; inserts Their functions include: metal extension rod through driving rollers and threads pouring molten metal into moulds to produce it to starting tip; regulates speed of rollers to draw metal castings; extension rod, starting tip, and molten metal through die in continuous casting process. operating centrifugal casting machines tocast cylindrical metal products; 7-24.90 Other Metal Casters. operating die-casting machines to make cast- This group includes metal casters not elsewhere classi- ings from non-ferrous metals; fied, for example those casting jewellery, dental forms operating continuous casting machines topro-or other non-ferrous metal products by hand; casting metal moulds for use in the manufacture of jewellery duce tubes and rods from non-ferrous metal; and other articles. performing related tasks. 7-24.20Metal Pourer. 7-25 Metal Moulders and Coremakers Pours molten metal from ladle into moulds to produce Workers in this unit group make sand moulds metal castings: and cores for casting metal.

158 7/8/9

7-25.20 - 7-26.20

gases released during casting; repairs damaged surfaces Their functions include: of core with hand tools. making sand moulds by hand on a benchfor May bake-or dry cores. May inject special gases small metal castings, or on the foundryfloor into cores to cause chemical reaction which hardens or in a pit for large metalcastings; them. May assemble multiple part cores. May use making sand moulds for metal castings using machine to separate core from box. auxiliary machines; 7-25.60Coremaker (Machine). making sand cores for use in metalmoulds by Tends turn-over draw-type machine that makes sand hand or machine; cores for use in casting metal: performing related tasks. clamps box over die on front table of machine and partly fills core box with sand; starts mechanism that 7-25.20 Bench Moulder (Metal). jolts table to compress sand in box; positions re- Makes sand moulds by hand on a bench for smallmetal inforcing wires in sand, fills box with sand and repeats jolting; clamps metal plate to top of box and moves castings: lever to roll front table over and deposit box, top sets half pattern in bottom half ofmoulding box down, on rear table; pushes rear table down to remove (drag) on bench, packs fine sand or loam around core from core box. pattern face, fills box with coarser sand and rams itin with hand tools; turns box over, removes base and May tendextrusionor blower-type coremaking dusts surface of drag with parting powder; fits and machine to make sand cores. secures other half of pattern to first half,fixes top half of moulding box (cope) to drag and repeats sand 7-25.90Other Metal Moulders and Corenudcers. packing, filling and ramming to complete mould; This group includes metal moulders and coremakers separates drag and cope, removes pattern, cuts channels not elsewhere classified, for example those who verify for pouring metal into mould, positions cores in mould, dimensions and shapes of cores for conformance to rejoins and secures drag and cope, fixes channel funnelspecifications; tend coremaking machines that extrude and lines it with protective sand. sand cores having uniform cross section; tend blower- May pierce holes in mould to allow gases to escape.type coremaking machines to produce sand cares; make May pour molten metal into mould. May specialiseclay cores around which ferrous and non-ferrous pipe is in particular type of bench moulding and be designatedcast; those who work as part of a team engaged in the accordingly. May cast patterns in non-ferrous metalslarge-scale production of moub4s or cores and perform, for use in high production duplicate casting. by hand or machine, only one of the operations involved. 7.25.30 Floor and Pit Moulder. 7-26 Metal Annealers, Temperers and Makes sand moulds on foundry floor or in pit for large Case-Hardeners metal castings: Workers in this unit group alter the physical performs tasks similar to those of Bench moulderproperties of metal objects by heating, cooling (metal) (7-25.20) but specialises in large moulds and is normally assisted by helpers; performs floor andand chemical treatment. pit moulding tasks such as using lifting equipment to Their functions include: manoeuvre moulding boxes, patterns and cores, finishing surfaces of mould with hand tools, drying heating metal objects in a furnace and cooling mould with heater, using template revolving fromthem at a predetermined rate to relieve internal spindle in centre of pit to make circular moulds, andstresses,restoreductility andrefinegrain building moulds around patterns for very largestructure; castings. hardening steel objects throughout by heating 7-25.40 Moulder (Machine). them in a furnace and quenching them; imparting a hard skin and tough, ductile core Makes sand moulds for metal castings using auxiliary machines: to steel objects by treating them with chemicals, performs tasks similar to those of Bench moulderheating and quenching or cooling them; (metal) (7-25.20) but uses auxiliary machines to reheating hardened steel objects in a .furnace perform some of the mould-making operations, suchand quenching them to relieve stresses caused in as packing and ramming sand into moulding box, orthe hardening process and to impart toughness; turning box and withdrawing pattern. performing related tasks. May specialise in operating particular type of mould- making machine and be designated accordingly. Metal bluer is classified in 7-29.20.

7-25.50Coremaker (Hand). 7-26.20Annealer. Makes sand cores by hand for use in metal moulds: Heats metal objects in furnace and cools them at cleans core box and dusts it with parting agent; mixespredetermined rate to relieve internal stresses, restore sand and binding substance and rams mixture into box,ductility and refine grain structure: fixing wires and other reinforcing materials in position; places objects in furnace; sets controls to raise furnace separates box from core and coats core with graphite temperature gradually to desired level; checks tempera- or other protective substance; makes escape vents for ture, using pyrometer, and adjusts controls as neces-

159 7/8/9

7-26.30 - 7-27.50

sary to maintain temperature for specified length of making wire of specified diameter time; regulates controls to allow objects to cool slowly by hand in furnace, or removes objects from furnaceto coolon a draw bench or by setting and operatinga slowly in air. wire-drawing machine; May specialise in annealing (or normalising) metal setting and operatinga machine to draw objects in which internal stresses have been caused byseamless metal tubing; welding, bending or cold-working operations. setting and operating a hydraulicpress to 7-2630 Hardener. extrude metal rods, bars and seamlesstubing; performing related tasks. Hardens steel objects throughout by heating in furnace and quenching them: 7-27.20 Wire Drawer (Hand). performs tasks similar to those of Annealer (7-26.20) but at completion of specified heating periodremoves Makes wire of specified diameter by handon a draw objects from furnace and quenches them in water, oil, bench: brine or blast of cold air to harden them throughout. sets up die or series of graduated dies; tapers endof May test hardness of steel objects by means of special hot or cold wire or rod by hammeringor filing and instruments. threads it through dies; draws wireor rod through dies with pincers until required diameterisobtained; 7-26.40Case-Hardener. lubricates metal to facilitate drawing. May specialise in drawing particular type of wireand Imparts hard skin and tough, ductilecore to steel be designated accordingly. objects by treating them with chemicals, heatingand quenching or cooling them by one of the following methods: 7-27.30 Wire Drawer (Machine). heats steel objects packed in carbonaceous material Sets and operates machine to make wire ofspecified for specified lime at predetermined temperaturein diameter: oven-type furnace (carbonising) and then quenches sets up die or series of graduated dies; tapers end ofhot them; heats steel objects in hot potassiumor sodium or cold wire or rod by hammering or filing, threads it cyanidetath for specific time at predetermined 2.:.rapera- through dies and attaches it to automaticwinding ture in pot furnace (cyaniding) and then quenches drum; starts drum to draw wireor rod through dies them; heats steel 'objects in ammoniagas in a retort until required diameter is obtained; lubricatesmetal to (nitriding) for specified time at predeterminedtempera- facilitate drawing. ture and then allows them to cool slowly. May specialise in drawing particular May utilise other case-hardening type of wire or in processes.May operating particular type of machine and bedesignated specialise in case-hardening particulartype of article accordingly. or in using particular type of case-hardeningprocess and be designated accordingly. 7-27.40 Seamless Pipe and Tube Drawer. 7-26.50Temperer. Sets and operates machine to draw seamlessferrous and non-ferrous tubing of specified diameter: Reheats hardened steel objects in furnace and quenches them to relieve stresses caused in hardeningprocess and sets drawing die in diehead and plug dieon rod; centres impart toughness: plug die in opening of drawing die; loadsrough tube into position on draw bench; pushes places metal objects in furnace; sets controlsto raise or pulls tapered temperature to desired level; checks temperature, end of rough tube through die block andsecures it with using pyrometer, and adjusts controls tongs to travelling chain or movable carriage;sets as necessary to chain or carriage in motion to pull tube maintain temperature for specified length oftime; over plug die to shape internal diameter, and through drawingblock removes metal objects from furnace and quenches to shape external diameter; stops chain them in water, oil, brine, molten leador blast of cold or carriage air. when length is drawn andremoves holding tongs; repeats operation until specified diameter isobtained.' May specialise in drawing particular 7-26.90 Other Metal Annealers, Temperersand Case- type of metal or Hardeners. tube and be designated accordingly.

This group includes metal annealers,temperers and 7-27.50 case hardeners not elsewhere classified, for example Extruder Operator (Metai). those who assist heat treaters by loadingfurnaces, Sets and operates hydraulic extrusionpress to make packing metal objects in chemicals, preparingquenching rods, bars and seamless tubing: media, and quenching metal objects. examines drawings and other specifications;selects die, billet container and mandrel andfixes them in press; 7-27Metal Drawers and Extruders directs removal of hot billet from furnaceand loading into billet container; directs positioningof upsetting Workers in this unit device above billet container and lowersram of press group draw and extrude to shape billet to fit container;moves levers to cause metals through dies to make wire,pipes, tubes ram to descend and press hot metal through dies, and and similar products. regulates speed of extrusion; raisesram and lowers cut-off device to shear off residue and freeextruded tube Their functions include: or rod from die.

160 7/8/9

7-27.90 - 7-29.30

7-27.90 Other Metal Drawers and Extruders. mounts coil of wire on machine, threads end through cleaning, flux and molten-metal tanks and fastens it This group includes metal drawers and extruders not to rewinding spindle; adjusts wipers located after each elsewhere classified, for example those who assist in the bath and starts machine; regulates speed of wire operation of a hydraulic extrusion press by feeding billets through machine and temperature of tanks. to press apt' positioning upsetting and cut-off devices. May test acid cleaning bath with hydrometer and add 7-28Metal Platers and Coaters chemicals to maintain strength of mixture. Workers in this unit group operate equipment7-28.50 Metal Sprayer. to plate and coat metal products. Sets and operates equipment to spray molten metal Their functions include: on metal products to provide protective or decorative setting and controlling electroplating equip- coating or to build up worn or damaged surfaces: selects nozzle and fixes it to sprayer; inserts wire of ment; required type of metal into sprayer; adjusts flow of operating hot-dip equipment to coat iron and oxygen and acetylene or other gases through sprayer steel products; and ignites them to melt wire; admits compressed air coating wire with non-ferrous metal by auto- to force molten wire against surface; directs spray of metal on object until coat of proper thickness has matic machine; been applied. spraying molten metal on metal products to May prepare surfaces prior to spraying.May use provide a protective or decorative coating or to sprayer in which wire is melted by means of electric build up worn or damaged surfaces; arc. performing related tasks. 7-28.90Other Metal Platers and Coaters. 7-28.20Electroplater. This group includes metal platers and coaters not else- Sets and controls equipment to coat metal articles with where classified, for example those who specialise in non-ferrous metal by electrolysis: coating, colouring or oxidising surfaces of metal articles by dipping them in acid, gilding, staining or hot chemical cleans metal article by scouring, immersion in chemical solutions;treating aluminium or aluminium alloy bath or electrolytically; immerses article in platingarticles electrically to produce an oxidised finish (anod- solution, suspending it from cathode rod (negative ising); coating iron or steel products with zinc by heating terminal), and suspends piece of plating metal from them in closed boxes containing a powdered zinc com- anode (positive terminal); sets and adjusts controls to pound (sherardising). pass required amount of electric current from anode to cathode, according to thicicness of coating required; removes article at completion of coating and rinses7-29Metal Processers Not Elsewhere Classified and dries it by hand or machine. May mix plating solution and check its strength during Workers in this unit group perform metal - plating.May recover residue of precious metals fromprocessing tasks not classified elsewhere. vats after plating is completed.May specialise in Their functions include: particular plating material and be designated, accordingly. imparting a blue, rust-resistant, decorative finish to metal articles by treating them with 7-28.30 Hot-Dip Plater. chemicals and heating them; Operates hot-dip equipment to coat iron and steel semi-finishing thesurfaces of cast metal products with corrosion-resistant non-ferrous metal: articles by hand and machine; regulates temperature in dipping tank and adds coating operating equipment to clean metal articles metal and chemicals to maintain specified levels and mixtures in cleaning, fluxing and dipping tanks; places in preparation for electroplating, galvanising, metal products on conveyor or in wire baskets;enamelling or similar finishing processes. immerses products in chemical solution to clean off scale and grease; lowers products into tank of ammo- 7.29.20 Metal Bluer. nium chloride or other flux to protect surface from oxidation and facilitate adherence of metal coating; Impart blue, rust-resistant, decorative finish to metal dips products into tank of molten non-ferrous metal, articles by treating them with chemicals and heating them: such as tin or zinc; removes coated products from tank packs articles in bone chips or chemicals and places after specified time, and cools them in centrifuge, them in furnace; regulates furnace controls to raise water tank or cooling room; inspects products for temperature to desired level,using pyrometer to even and complete coating, smoothes coating using ascertain temperature; removes articles from furnace wire brush and file, and returns inadequately coated when heating is completed and inserts them in vats of products for reprocessing; scoops dross from tank. chemical solution; removes articles from vats when Maybe designated according to type of coating applied. bluing is completed and washes them in oil. 7-28.40 Wire-Coating-Machine Operator. 7-29.30Casting Finisher. Coats wire with non-ferrous metal by automatic Semi-finishes the surfaces of cast metal articles by machine: hand and machine:

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removes unrequired projections with hand or pneu- conveyer which carries them through series ofchemical matic chisel; smooths rough edges and surfaces using and rinsing baths, or places them on racks or in con- hand file or rotary grinder. tainers and immerses them in chemical and rinsing May operate shot- or sandblasting equipment to clean solutions, to remove remaining scale and grease; regulates temperatures of solutions and adds chemicals and smooth castings.May specialise in one of above tasks and be designated accordingly. to maintain their consistency; drains, cleans, and refills tanks with chemicals. 7-29.40Metal Cleaner. My operate ultrasonic metal-cleaning equipment and be designated accordingly. Operates equipment to clean metal articles in preparation for electroplating, galvanising, enamelling or similar Other Metal Processers. finishing processes: 7-29.90 removes shavings, dirt and rust spotsfrom articles, This group includes other metal processers not else- using airhose, file, or sandpaper; loads articles on where classified.

7-3 WOOD PREPARATION WORKERS AND PAPER MAKERS

Workers in this minor group season and preserve wood; operatemachines to saw wood, cut veneer, make plywood andotherwise prepare wood for use; prepare pulp for making paper; and make paper by hand or machine.They are classified in the unit groups listed below: 7-31 Wood Treaters. 7-32Sawyers, Plywood Makers and Related Wood-ProcessingWorkers. 7-33Paper Pulp Preparers. 7-34Paper Makers.

7-31 Wood Treaters 7-31.90Other Wood Treaters. This group includes wood treaters not elsewhere Workers in this unit group season and pre- classified, for example those who are mainly engaged in serve wood. operating incising machines to perforate wood and facilitate penetration of preservatives; or impregnating Their functions include: wood products with fireproofing chemicals. operating steam-heated kilns to season wood; treating wood with chemicals to protect it 7-32Sawyers, Plywood Makers and Related against decay or parasites; W vd-Processing Workers performing related tasks. Workers in this unit group operate machines to saw wood, cut veneer and make plywood and 7-31.20Wood-Seasoning Worker. otherwise prepare wood for further use. Operates steam-heated kiln to season wood: Their functions include: supervises loading and placing of kiln cars in kiln; setting and operating one or more sawing regulates flow of steam into kiln and heating pipes; adjusts heating and humidity controls as wood driesmachines in a sawmill; out; directs removal of cars when seasoning is com- setting and operating multiple-blade sawing pleted; records amount of wood dried and conditionsmachines to cut uneven edges of rough boards under which it was dried. straight and square; May test wood sample for moisture content to assist in setting and operating band-saw machines to determination of kiln treatment required. May season wood by desapping, vacuum drying or infra-red raysaw logs into planks or boards; treatment. setting and operating machines to cut veneer; operating plywood core-laying machines; 7-31.30Wood-Treating Worker. operating hot-plate plywood presses; grading wood according to quality and size; Treats wood with chemicals to protect it against decay or parasites : performing related tasks. heats chemicals to specified temperature; dips wood Sawmill Sawyer (General). into chemical solution; controls temperature of solu-7-32.10 tion and period of immersion to complete impregna-, Sets and operates one or more sawing machines in a tion. sawmill: May brush or inject chemicals into wood or treat it with directs placing of log or planks on machine carriage; gas.May season wood before impregnating. sets machine to saw wood to specifications; operates

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,7-32.20 - 7-33.30

machine to saw logs into planks, planks into boards of7-32.70 Wood Grader. lesser thicknesses, or squared logs into boards; cuts Examines dressed or rough-sawn wood and sorts it planks and boards to standard lengths and straightensaccording to quality and size: and squares their edges and ends. examines wood for defects such as knots, faulty edges, May sharpen saws and clean and oil machines. stains and unsatisfactory machine work; returns faulty pieces for further machining; sorts and marks satis- 7-32.20 Edge Sawyer. factory pieces according to quality and size. Sets and operates a multiple-blade sawing machine to May keep record of defective wood. cut uneven edges of rough boards straight and square: lays board on edging table and spaces and sets saw 7-32.90Other Sawyers, Plywood Makers and Related blades to cut board of highest possible quality; Wood - Processing Workers. adjusts power-feeding mechanism to thickness of This group includes sawyers, plywood makers and board; pushes board into feed rollers which carry it related wood-processing workers not elsewhere classified, forward between saws. for example those who are mainly occupied in peeling May replace broken or dull saw blades and clean and bark from logs preparatory to sawing or veneer-cutting; oil machine. operating power saws to cut logs into specified barrel stave lengths; operating banks of circular saws to cut out 7-32.30 Band-Saw Operator. defective sections of boards (trimming); or operating edge-gluing machines to join veneer strips into sheets. Sets and operates band-saw machine to saw logs into planks or boards: directs placing of log on carriage of machine; sets 7-33 Paper Pulp Preparers holding spikes and adjusts carriage blocks to align log Workers in this unit group prepare pulp for for sawing; operates carriage to feed lag into saw blades and starts saw to cut log; observes exposed facemaking paper. of log to determine grade and size of further cuts and Their functions include: adjusts setting of carriage blocks accordingly; operates mechanical log turner to turn log over for subsequent operating grinding machines to reduce logs cuts. to pulp; May change saw blades. May operate particular type operating chipper machines to reduce logs to of band sawmill and be designated accordingly. chips for making pulp; operating digesters to produce pulp from 7-32.40Veneer Cutter. materials such as wood, rags, esparto, straw or Sets and operates rotary lathe, slicer or other wood-waste paper; working machine to cut veneer from logs: operating machines to bleach wood pulp, directs placing of log on machine; sets cutting mechan- pulp; ism to cut veneer to specified thickness; operatesrags, esparto, straw or waste-paper machine to cut veneer. operating machines which mix, beat and May operate power shear to cut veneer into sheets.hydrate pulp and other ingredients to prepare May replace cutting tools and clean and oil machine. stuff for making paper; May operate particular type of veneer-cutting machine performing related tasks. and be designated accordingly. 7-33.20 Wood Grinder. 7-32.50 Plywood Core-Laying-Machine Operator. Operates machine to grind logs or wood blocks into Operates machine to lay face and core veneer sheets infibre used in making paper pulp: sequence and spread glue on core sheets toform plywood throws wood into grinder pocket and actuates hydraulic panels: piston that presses wood against revolving grind- starts machine and observes its operation; adjustsand stones, or tends conveyor that feeds wood to machine synchronises conveyors, mechanical feed arms, tension hopper; sets watersprays to cool grindstones and on glue-spreading rollers and flow ofglue, as necessary; control consistency of pulp; turns handwheel to regu- controls conveyor to move stacked plywood panels to late flow of pulp from discharge end of machine; hotplate presses. observes temperature gauges or colour of pulp for evidence of burns caused by faulty grindstones; loosens 7-32.60 Plywood Press Operator. jammed blocks or logs and notifies supervisor if repair is necessary. Operates hot-plate press to bond glue-coated veneer sheets together to form plywood: May be designated according to type of grinding machine operated. sets temperature and pressure controls of pressand releases steam to heat plates; loads veneer sheets and caul boards into press; operates controls to bring 7-33.30Chippernum plates of press together and subject veneer sheets to Operates chipper machine to reduce logs to chips for heat and pressure to cure, glue, and convert theminto making pulp: plywood; unloads plywood from press and cleans starts chipper disc and conveyor which transports log glue from caul boards. to machine; adjusts controls to regulate conveyor and May rub edges of plates with paraffin to facilitate load- elevator system to lower logs against chipper disc ing and unloading. May record daily production. according to size of log and speed of cutting; uses hoist

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7-3140 - 7-34.50

to remove jammed logs from machine chute; replaceswhich paper is dried, calendered, wound, slit and worn knives on chipper disc. rewound; 7-33.40Digester Operator. operating supercalender machines to impart Operates rotary or stationary boiler (digester) to pro-gloss and finish to surface of paper; duce pulp and to remove impurities from materials such operating machines to glaze or impregnate as wood, rags, esparto, straw, or waste paper by chemical paper with coating mixture; process in the manufacture of paper pulp: making high-quality paper by hand; supervises charging of digester with material and chemicals; admits steam into digester to raise tempera- performing related tasks. ture and pressure; observes recording instruments and adjusts valves to maintain required temperature 7-34.20Paper-Making-Machine Operator (Wet End). and pressure; tests samples by titration or standard Operates section of machine in which wet pulp is colour test to determine completion of cooking pro-formed into paper: cess; drains liquids from digester; supervises removal starts flow of stuff from storage chest through rotary of cooked pulp from digester. screens to machine; adds water as necessary to thin May be designated according to materials processed stuff; removes dirt and other foreign matter from or chemicals used. screens and regulates flow of stuff to wire-mesh belt; co-ordinates speed of belt and flow of stuff to obtain 7-33.50Bleacher Operator. paper of desired weight; sets machine controls for Operates machine that bleaches material, such as wood width, thickness and moisture content of paper; pulp, rags, esparto, straw or waste-paper pulp: threads formed paper between press rolls; supervises charges machine with material and bleaching solution machine crew drying, sizing, calendering, winding and and starts agitator; admits steam to heat mixture and cutting paper. regulates valves to control temperature; observes May weigh samples of paper and install dandy rollers bleaching process and adjusts controls as necessary; to impress watermark in paper. takes samples of pulp for laboratory testing; transfers bleached material into washer and washes it with water 7-34.30Paper-Making-Machine Operator (Back End). sprays; transfers washed pulp into blending tank and Operates section of paper-making machine in which mixes several batches to obtain uniform quality. paper is dried, calendered, wound, slit and rewound: May add chemicals during bleaching process and make threads paper through drier and calender rollers; winds chemical or electrolytic tests.May prepare bleaching end of paper around reel or blows it around reel with solutions and be designated accordingly. compressed air; adjusts controls to regulate tension 7-33.60Beater Operator. of paper, temperature of drier rollers and pressure of calender rollers; examines paper for defects, such as Operates machine which mixes, beats and hydrates dirt, slime, spots, holes and wrinkles, and marks defec- pulp and other ingredients to prepare stuff for making tive portions for removal at reel; directs workers in paper: slitting and rewinding paper. supervises charging of machine with, pulp, fillers, size, May operate size tub when surface sizing is desired dyes, alum and other chemicals; sets and adjusts beater and spray paper with steam, water, or dyes to obtain roller for desired degree of hydration; examines stuff specified finish. for consistency and size of fibres and sends samples to laboratory for testing; transfers completed stuff to 7-34.40Supercalender Operator. storage tank and starts agitator to maintain consistency. Operates supercalender machine to impart gloss and May mix and cook colouring matter for dyeing stufffinish to surface of paper: in machine. positions roll of paper on reel stand of machine, using 7-33.90Other Paper Pulp Preparers. crane of hoist; threads paper between machine rolls This group includes paper pulp preparers not elsewhere and wraps end around rewinder reel; adjusts controls classified, for example those mainly occupied in operating to regulate tension of paper, temperature and pressure machines which cut rags to size for cooking, bleaching or of rollers, and application of steam to paper; examines defibring prior to making pulp; screening pulp stock, paper for dirt, slime, spots and wrinkles, and ensures pumped from digester, to separate coarse fibres from correct compactness of winding; mends breaks in paper pulp; operating machines which eliminate surplus water with glue or mending tissue and heated flat-iron; tests and impurities from fibrous material prior to beating; paper samples for finish and gloss with special instru- operating machines which refine pulp by brushing out ment. knots and shortening fibres. 7-34.50Coating-Machine Operator. Operates machine to glaze or impregnate paper with 7-34 Paper Makers coating mixture: Workers in this unit group make paper by adjusts rollers, or aligns and fastens brushes, in machine; positions roll of paper on feed rack and hand or machine. threads paper through rollers; admits coating mixture Their functions include: into machine tank; starts machine, and adjusts tension of paper and pressure of rollers; regulates temperature operating section of paper-making machines of drying roller; observes coating process, examines in which wet pulp is formed into paper or in paper for defects, such as unevenness of colour,

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7-34.60 - 7-41.40

wrinkles or breaks, and makes necessary adjustments in power press; separates sheets from felts and lays or repairs. sheets in packs; represses packs for specified period; May be designated according to coating material used. separates sheets from compressed pack and suspends them on soft ropes, or lays them out on hessian sheets to dry. 7-34.60 Paper Maker (Hand). Makes, by hand, paper of high quality and durability7-34.90 Other Paper Makers. for bank notes, documents, account books, drawings This group includes paper makers not elsewhere and other purposes: classified, for example those mainly occupied in making fits bevelled wooden frame (decide) on wire-meshpaper board or laminated or crepe paper;making imi- mould; dips mould with decide into paper pulp andtation hand-made paper on a cylinder mould machine; brings it up level; shakes mould to felt fibres of pulpmaking sizes of glue, starch, rosin and other materials for together and to obtain correct sheet formation assurface treatment of paper; operating machines that water drains off through mould; removes deckle,waterproof paper by coating it with wax; coating paper turns mould over, and deposits sheet on wet felt;by machine with an ink-wax-carbon mixture to make forms pile of alternate felts and sheets, and presses itcarbon paper.

7-4 CHEMICAL PROCESSERS AND RELATED WORKERS

Workers in this minor group crush, grind, mix, blend, cook, roast,filter, separate, distil, refine and otherwise treat chemicals and other materialsused in chemical and related processes. They are classified in the unit groups listed below: 7-41Crushers, Grinders and Mixers. 7-42Cookers, Roasters and Related Heat-Treaters. 7-43Filter and Separator Operators. 7-44Still and Reactor Operators. 7-45Petroleum-Refining Workers. 7-49Chemical Processers and Related Workers Not Elsewhere Classified.

Crushers, Grinders and Mixers oversize pieces; operates controls to start, stop and 7-41 regulate speed of machine; breaks oversize or jammed Workers in this unit group crush, grind, mix lumps with hammer. and blend chemicals and other materials used Operators of crushing machines employed in ore- in chemical and related processes. treating are classified in 7-12.30. Their functions include: 7-41.30Miller-Grinder (Chemical and Related Processes). operating crushing machines to reduce solid Operates mill to grind and pulverise solid chemicals chemicals and related materials to suitable size or other materials used in chemical and related processes for further processing: into particles of specified size: operating mills to grind and pulverise solid selects screens, according to size of particles to be produced, and fits them to machine; starts machine chemicals and related materials; and feeds, or supervises the feeding of, material into operating machines in which solids or liquids mill; observes grinding process, inspecting samples of used in chemical and related processes are mixed ground material to ensure that particles of required or blended; size are obtained; supervises the removal of ground performing related tasks. material. Operators of crushing machines employed in May keep records of weight of material ground. ore-treating are classified in 7-12.30. 7-41.40Mixing- and Blending-Machine Operator (Chemical and Related Processes). 7-41.20Crusher Operator (Chemical and Related Pro- cesses). Operates machine in which solids or liquids used in Operates crushing machine in which solid lumps ofchemical and related processes are mixed or blended: chemicals or other materials used in chemical and related loads prescribed quantities of materials into machine processes are reduced to size suitable formilling or other container by hand or by operating valves, pumps or further processing: other mechanical loaders; starts machine agitators to fills hopper of machine by hand or by operating mix materials; adds further ingredients to mixture as mechanical feed; fixes screen to machine to retain required; stops machine when mixing process is com-

165 7/8/9

7-41.90 - 7-4130

pleted; removes mixtures from machine container by 7-42.40Drier Operator (Chemical and Related Pro- hand, or by operating valves or pumps; prepares cesses). machine for fresh run. Operates driers that heat liquids or slurries to remove May be designated according to type of materials water or volatile liquid components: mixed, type of product obtained or type of machine operated. shovels, dumps or pumps liquids or slurries into pans, trays or other containers for placing in oven chamber 7-41.90 Other Crushers, Grinders and Mixers. or room-type driers, or directly into batch-type drying installations; admits steam or hot air to drying This group includes crushers, grinders and mixers not chamber; observes thermometer and humidity gauges elsewhere classified, for example those who operate fan- and moves controls to maintain temperature and air type. grinding or beating machines in the treatment of circulation in drier; shuts down drier at end of cycle asbestos fibres or operate special machines in which and unloads driers. plastic resin is compounded or pelletised. May operate continuous-feed driers. May be designated according to type of heating device operated. 7-42Cookers, Roasters and Related Heat- 7-42.90Other Cookers, Roasters and Related Heat- Treaters Treaters. Workers in this unit group perform cooking, This group includes cookers, roasters and related heat roasting and other heat-treating tasks in chemicaltreaters not elsewhere classified, for example those who and related processes. dry chemical solutions by a spraying or atomising process to produce powders; dry materials in drying rooms or in Their functions include: drying cabinets fitted with conveying equipment; or cooking materials to purify, mix or compoundoperate electrothermal furnaces to graphitise carbon them, give them a special property or effect aelectrodes. chemical change in them; 7-43Filter and Separator Operators heating substances in ovens, kilns or similar devices to dry them, give them a special property Workers in this unit group operate devices to or effect a chemical change in them; filterandseparatechemicalsandrelated operating driers for the processing of chemicalsmaterials. and related materials; Their functions include: performing related tasks. operating filtering devices in which solutions are forced under pressure through a filtering 7-42.20 Cooker (Chemical and Related Processes). unit; Cooks materials such as bones, fats, molasses, oils, operating filtering devices in which solutions salts, acids and alkalis in open vats, boiling pans, kettles or similar containers to purify, mix or compound them, are vacuum-drawn throughfiltering media give them a special property or effect a chemical changefitted to a rotating drum; in them: operating machines which separate substances loads required materials into vessel by hand or byby centrifugal force; operating mechanical loaders or pourers; controls heat- operating chemical, electrical or centrifugal ing device to ensure materials attain required temperature; adds further ingredients and stirs mixture asequipment at oil well sites to remove sediment necessary to obtain required compound or chemicaland water from crude oil; change; observes temperature, time and other measur- performing related tasks. ing instruments and tests mixture to ascertain when process is completed; runs off product into storage7-43.20 Filter-Press Operator. tanks or other containers. Operates filter press to remove sediment, impurities May be designated according to type of cooking vessel and insoluble materials from liquid concentrations: used or type of process. opens filter press and covers filter plates with canvas, paper or other filtering media; closes press and ensures 7-42.30 Roaster, Chemical and Related Processes. that its joints make a liquid-tight seal; mixes filtering Operates oven, rotary-kiln or similar device and auxil- compound with solution and agitates mixture to settle iary equipment, such as conveyer, feeders, and dust impurities; pumps mixture through filter press; removes collectors, to calcine or otherwise effect a chemical change impurities from filter by compressed air, water or in materials: steam and cleans or replaces filters as required. lights burners, starts equipment to feed materials and May be designated according to type of materials regulates controls of oven or kiln; observes colour and filtered. shape of flame, monitors gauges and regulates fuel feed to maintain specified temperatures; records data,7-43.30 Rotary-Drum Filterer. such as temperature and fuel or power consumption; Operates rotary-drum filter into which solutions are stops heating and unloads ovens in batch-type pro-vacuum-drawn to remove sediment, impurities and cesses or operates continuous-feed kiln. insoluble material: May be designated according to type of heating device operates valves to regulate flow of solution to filter operated or type of process. tank and adjusts speed of rotation of drum; starts

166 7/8/9

7-43.40 - 7-44.50

vacuum pump to draw solution through filter;observes operating digesters at wood-felling sites to discharge from filter and adjusts controls as necessary. obtain crude turpentine from wood chips by May make minor adjustments to filter and tend auxil-steam distillation; iary equipment. May be designated according to performing related tasks. type of solution filtered or solid separated. 7-44.20 Batch-MI Operator (Chemical Processes, 7-43.40Centrifugal Separator Operator. except Petroleum). Operates machine which separates solids from liquids, Operates one or more stills in which batches of crude or liquids of different specific gravity from eachother, byliquid chemicals (other than petroleum) are treated to centrifugal force: separate them into, or to refine, their chemical consti- operates valves or pumps to load container of machinetuents: or loads manually; starts machine and adjustscontainer operates valves to fill tank with liquid to desired level; rotation speed to obtain efficient separation of sub- regulates pressure and rate of heating in tank; adjusts stances; stops machine and extracts or runs off valves to control amount of condensed vapour returned separated substances. to tank to enrich vapours expelled; takes samples of May fix and clean filtering media in machine. May vapours for testing to determine to whichcontainer operate machine fitted with heating attachment or they should be routed. continuous feed. May test samples for moisture May test vapour samples. May adjust condensers content.May be designated according to type of and pumps. May specialise in treating particular type materials separated. of chemical and be designated accordingly.

7-43.50Crude Oil Treater (Oilfield). 7-44.30Continuous-Still Operator (Chemical Processes, except Petroleum). Operates chemical, electrical or centrifugal equipment at oil well site to remove sediment and water from crude Operates one or more stills in which continuous feed oil: of crude liquid chemical (other than petroleum) is tests oil for content of sediment and water, using aseparated into its chemical constituents or in which those gravity-separation machine; pumps oil needing treat-constituents are refined: ment to treating units; adds chemicals to chemical regulates flow of liquid into still; adjusts controls to treating unit, or routes oil through electrical or centri- maintain required temperature at various levels of fugal units, to break up oil and water emulsions, and still and prescribed pressure in still; regulates valves drains off water; precipitates sediment in settling tanks; to control amount of condensed vapour returned to gauges tanks to determine quantity of oil treated and still to enrich vapours expelled; takes samples of delivered to pipe lines; operates and maintains water vapours for testing to determine to whichcontainers and oil pumps of treating unit; cleans and makes they should be routed; maintains record of tempera- repairs to units; records production, results of tests and ture, pressure and feed-indicator readings. other data. May test vapour samples. May adjust heat ex- May operate oil heaters to raise oil to desired tempera- changers, absorbers, strippers, reboilers and compres- ture for treating. May pump wells. sors. May specialise in treating particular typeof chemical and be designated accordingly.

743.90 Other Filter and Separator Operators. 744.40 Reactor-Converter Operator(Chemical Processes, This group includes filter and separator operators not except Petroleum). elsewhere classified, for example those who operate Operates equipment (other than that used for treating other special filter and separator equipment to processpetroleum) which performs a sequence of operations in specific kinds of chemical materials. a chemical reaction process: regulates feed of gaseous, liquid or solid materials into equipment; checks progress of process, observing 7-44Still and Reactor Operators temperature readings and pressure gauges and other instruments and making simple chemical tests; adjusts Workers in this unit group distil and refine material feed and heating, cooling or other controls chemicals (except petroleum). as necessary. Their functions include: Workers who operate equipment performing only one operation in a reactor-converter process are classified operating batch or continuous stills in whichaccording to the type of equipment operated. crude liquid chemicals are treated to separate theminto,ortorefine,theirchemical7-44.50 Evaporator Operator. constituents; Operates evaporating tank, vacuum pan or similar operating equipment which performs a se- device to concentrate solutions and suspensions by driv- quence of operations in a chemicalreaction ing off excess water: pumps liquid into tank or pan; operates vacuum pump process; and valve to admit steam into pan or regulates flow operating evaporating tanks, vacuum pans or of steam into heater coils; makes chemical tests or similar devices to concentrate solutions and uses instruments to ascertain strength of concentrate; suspensions; adjusts temperature, pressure and other controls as

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7-44.60 - 7.45.60

necessary; pumps concentrated solution fromevap- War type of plant, or using particular chemical, and orator for auxiliary heating. be designated accordingly. May tend settling tanks and preheating tanks,condensers and cooling equipment. May treat solutions7-45.30 Pumpman (Petroleum Refining). of particular chemicals and be designated accordingly. Operates steam or electrically drivenpumps to cir- 7-44.60Extractor Operator (Wood Distillation). culate crude, semi-processed and finishedpetroleum products, water and chemical solutions throughprocess- Operates digester at tree-felling site to obtain crudeing, storage and shipping departments of refinery: turpentine from wood chips by steam distillation: starts pumps, observes flow and pressure meters and seals opening at bottom of digester; fills digesterwith adjusts pumping rates as necessary; turns handwheels wood chips; seals and bolts charginghole; regulates to open or close tanks and pipeline valves; observes valves to control passage of steam throughdigester operation of pumping equipment to detect defectsand and extraction of turpentine from wood;stops flow leakages; maintains and repairs pumpingequipment; of steam after prescribed period;removes spent wood ascertains levels in tanks with gaugingtape. from digester at end of extraction process. May record operating data. May take samplesand May operate still to refine crude woodturpentine or test them for specific gravity and colour. kettle still to distil resin intogum turpentine and rosin. 7-45.40 Stillman (Petroleum Refining). 7-44.90 Other Still and Reactor Operators. Operates one or more stills in whichpetroleum is This group includes still and reactoroperators not distilled to separate it into,or to refine, products such as elsewhere classified, for example those who specialisein petrol, paraffin, lubricating oil and fuel oil: refining crude wood turpentine; distilling resininto gum turpentine; distilling alcoholic beverages from prepared observes and records readings of temperature,pressure mixtures; distilling vegetable products with and flow gauges and meters and adjustsvalves or the aid of automatic controls as necessary;tests specific gravity steam to obtain perfumes and aromatic substances ofan oily nature; or assisting in operation of stills. of products and observes their colourto determine whether processing is proceeding properly;makes minor adjustments to equipment; supervisesworkers 7-45Petroleum-Refining Worked who assist in operation of still. May fire oil- or gas-burning furnace to heat oilto pro.. Workers in this unitgroup refine, distil and cessing temperature. May specialise in particulartype treat petroleum and petroleum products. of still, kind of oil processed, departmentor process Their functions include: and be designated accordingly. operating plant to remove sulphur frompetrol7-45.50 Controlman (Petroleum Refining). and petroleum products; Operates control panel to regulatetemperature, pres- operating pumps to circulate petroleumpro-sure, rate of flow and tank level in petroleum refining, ducts, water and chemical solutionsthroughprocessing and treating units and petrochemicalunits: refinery; observes instruments and meters to verify. that specified conditions are maintained and recordsreadings; operating stills to distilor refine petroleum adjusts switches, valves, and leverson control panel products; to regulate flows, temperatures,pressures, vacuum, operating control panels in petroleumrefinery; catalyst and other processing conditions;reports defective equipment to Stillman (745.40). operating equipment to blend petrolwith chemicals and other additives; May test products for chemical characteristicsand colour, or send samples to laboratory foranalysis. operating filter presses toseparate oil of May specialise in particular type of unitor process and paraffin distillate from paraffinwax; be designated accordingly. performing related tasks. 7-45.60 Blender (Petroleum Refining). 7-45.20 Desulphurisation Treater (PetroleumRefining). Operates equipment to blend petrol with chemicals and other additives to produce commercial fuel: Operates plant in which petrol, paraffin,crude and distilled oils, wax and other petroleumproducts are examines blending schedules specifyingcomponents treated to remove sulphur and other undesirableimpuri- and quantities to be blended;opens valves and starts ties: pumps, or notifies Pumpman (745.30) to transfer observes and records readings of temperature, petrol to blending tanks; computes requiredamounts pressure of additives or sets weighing machine and flow gauges and meters; directsor regulates con- that automatic- trols to add chemicals to oil flowing into unit, ally weighs quantities of additives inratio to quantity to mix of petrol; opens valves and oils and chemicals in towersor tanks, to wash or treat spray jets to admit and circulate specified quantities of petrol, oil with water or steam, and to separate oiland spent additives and chemicals or water; makes tests to determine whether chemicals in mixing tanks; controlspumps, agitators, treatment is proceeding properly and draws samples and mixers to blend mixtures mechanicallyor with air for laboratory analysis. agitation; observes temperaturegauges and regulates temperatures in tanks; draws sample of mixture for May operate pumps to circulate oil throughplant and laboratory analysis;repeats blending process as regulate refrigerating equipment. May specialise in required by laboratory, or startspumps to draw off treating particular type of product, operating partic- blended gasoline to storage tanksor leading racks; 168 7/8/9

7-45.70 - 7-49.40

opens valves to draw off chemical and leadresidue; directs charging, sealing of doors and firing of coke- records quantity blended and materials used; maintains oven; watches colour of flame and adjusts supply of air and repairs pumps, agitators and mixers. to oven to control coal burning; determines when coke is ready for removal by observing colour and length of May testproducts.May operate control panel, utilising electronic computers and controls, to blend flame; quenches coke to break it into fragments; products in pipelines (in-line blending). May be directs removal of coke from oven. designated according to type of additive used. 7-49.25Coal-Gas Maker. 7-45.70Paraffin Plant Operator. Operates one or more retorts in the production of gas Operates filter presses to separate oil of paraffinfrom coal: distillate from paraffin wax: loads retort with coal by hand or r..echanically; installs filter plates and adjusts hydraulic ram pressure; kindles fire and sets and starts forced draught system; regulates flow of chilled distillate into filter plates; directs jet of steam periodically into heated coal; starts hydraulic rams to squeeze oil from distillate as observes gauges and colour of fuel being consumed to wax solidifies; observes oil pressedfrom filter plates determine whether process is proceeding correctly; and adjusts ram pressure to extract maximum amount withdraws spent coal from retort. of oil from wax; scrapes accumulated wax from filter May designated according to type of gas produced or plates into spiral conveyor that carries it to melting type of retort operated. pan; regulates flow of steam into melting pan toheat from tank wax; starts pump to return salvaged distillate 7-49,30Charcoal Burner. to filter press for reprocessing. May perform part of above tasks and be designated Operates kiln to convert wcod into charcoal by slow according to phase of processing. burning process: loads kiln with wood; places kindling in kiln and starts 7-45.90Other Petroleum-Refining Workers. fire; seals top of kiln when desired heat is reached; observes colour of smoke coming from kiln and regu- This group includes petroleum-refining workers not lates formation of charcoal by opening and closing elsewhere classified, for example those who specialise in draught holes; seals draught holes to smother fire when blending asphalt for various uses with naphtha, kerosene and other petroleum products; operating equipment process is completed. to produce lubricating oils; or operating equipment to produce liquefied gas. 7-49.35Synthetic Fibre Maker. Tends machine or machine section that extrudes or 7-49Chemical Processers and Related Workersforms natural or synthetic polymers into synthetic fibres such as rayon or nylon: Not Elsewhere Classified grasps filaments as they are extrudedthrough spin- Workers in this unit group perform tasks in neret; brings rayon ends together to form single strand and guides it into solidifying bath; threads chemical and related processing not classified strand through guides and over glass wheels which elsewhere. carry it through machine for further processing or Their functions include: winding; ties strands together if breaks occur; threads strands throughwashing,bleaching and drying treating chemical solutions with bleaching sections of machine; attaches strands to take-up reagents; bobbins and doffs bobbin when full or when breaks and operating ovens and furnaces to make coke tangles occur. or coal-gas; operating kilns to make charcoal; 7-49.40Chemical Processer (Radioactive Materials). operating equipment to make synthetic fibres; Controls chemical equipment to separate and extract operating chemical equipment to separate anduranium, plutonium and other radioactive materials from their ores, to concentrate radioactive materials and extract radioactive materials from their ores; extract them from solution, and to recover unconsumed performing other tasks in chemical and relateduranium from spent nuclear fuels: processing. turns on power from consoles, and directs workers to start vacuum pumps, amplifier power, distillation 7-49.15Chemical Bleacher Operator. towers and other equipment; observes panel lights, dials, numerical counters, oscilloscopes and contin- Treats chemical solutions with bleaching reagent to uous graphs and adjusts controls untiloperating improve their colour: variables meet specifications; directs activities of other pumps liquids to be bleached into tank; adds bleaching workers to co-ordinate and synchronise the various ingredients and starts agitator; adjusts controls to phases of the operation; computes flow rates and pro- maintain specified temperature; takes samples for portions of chemicals to be added to solutions and laboratory analysis; pumps product to storage tank or adjusts controls to regulate concentrations, tempera- for further processing; makes minor repairs to equip- tures of solutions and flow of fluids and gases through ment. processing and recovery systems; records operating data on log sheet; operates variety of chemical equip- 7-49.20Coke Burner. ment to decontaminate, neutralise and dispose of Operates special ovens to produce coke from coal: radioactive waste.

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May operate remote-controlled equipment to performtend electrolytic cells used in the production of chemicals; chemical and metallurgicaltestson radioactivewash chemicals in the processing of chemical products; materials. coat pills and tablets to make them palatable and to preserve their ingredients; oxidise lead to form red lead; 7-49.90 Other Chemical Processers and Related Workers.treat lead with acid or heat to form white lead; prepare This group includes chemical processers and relatedstarches and glucose; treat rubber latex with chemicals workers not elsewhere classified, for examplethose whoto coagulate it; and treat latex with smoke.

7-5 SPINNERS, WEAVERS, KNITTERS,DYERS AND RELATED WORKERS

Workers in this minor groupprepare natural textile fibres for spinning and winding; spin, double, twist and wind thread andyarn; set and maintain weaving and knitting machines and prepare pattern cards; weave materials on hand or machine looms; knitgarments, fabrics and other articles by hand or machine; bleach, dye andotherwise treat textile products; and perform related textile fabrics manufacturing tasks.They are classified in the unitgroups listed below: 7-51Fibre Preparers. 7-52Spinners and Winders. 7-53 Weaving- and Knitting-Machine Setters andPattern-Card Preparers. 7-M Weavers and Related Workers. 7-55Knitters. 7-56Bleachers, Dyers and Textile Product Finishers. 7-59Spinners, Weavers, Knitters, Dyers and Related WorkersNot Elsewhere Classified.

7-51Fibre Preparers starts machine and feeds greasy raw wool into series of Workers in this unit cleaning and rinsing bowls; cleans machine. group prepare wool, May supervise drying of cleaned wool. May also cotton, flax, jute, hemp and other natural textile perform duties of Wool carboniser (7-56.45). fibres for spinning and winding. Their functions include: 7-51.25Fibre Mixer and Blender. Tends machines which mix textile fibres into uniform grading and classifying natural textile fibres;blends: washing wool fibres; feeds machines with various types of fibre, according tending machines which mix textile fibres into to blending instructions; regulates spray of oil lubricant uniform blends; onto fibre according to types of fibre blended; starts operating machines which clean and fluff machines and observes proper flow of fibres through textile fibres, transform them into sliver, comb mixing-picker machines; stops machines when rollers become clogged and unclogs them by hand; cleans them into sliver for first drawing, combine slivers machines using air hose. into sliver lap or sliver laps into ribbon lap, May mix oil lubricant. combine severalslivers into one attenuated strand of regular quality and weight,or trans- 7-51.30Fibre Picker. form sliver into roving; Operates picker machines which clean and fluff performing related fibre-preparing tasks. textile fibres: feeds fibres into machines from which they emerge 7-51.15Fibre Grader and Glasser. arranged in loosely matted sheets or laps; removes rolls Grades and classifies natural textile fibres: of lap; cleans and oils machines. examines texture, colour and length of wool, cotton,7-51.35Fibre Carder. flax, hemp and other natural textile fibres and grades them according to type and quality. Operates carding machine which cleans fibres And transforms them from loosely matted layers (lap) into 7-51.20 Wool Scourer. untwisted strand (sliver): Washes greasy wool (raw wool fibres) preparatory to feeds lap through rollers of machine; mats ends ofnew further processing: roll of lap on to end of exhausted one by hand; starts machine and observes operation; removescans when adds specified quantities of soap, soda and other filled with sliver and inserts empty ones; cleans and scouring agents to water in cleaning bowls of machine; oils machine.

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7-51.40 - 7-53.20

7-51.40Fibre Lapper. of roving or yarn and repairs them by hand; replaces Operates machine which combines slivers into one exhausted bobbins without stopping machiae; cleans sliver lap, or sliver laps into one ribbon lap, preparatory and oils machine. to combing: 7-5230 Doubler. passes ends of slivers or sliver laps through machine guides; starts machines and maintains supply of sliver Operates machine which winds two or more threads or sliver lap; pinches together broken ends of slivers;onto a bobbin without twisting them: removes completed rolls of lap; cleans and oils inserts spindles on core of each spool; draws ends of machine. threads through guide simultaneously and winds them together on bobbin; starts machine, observes opera- 7-51.45Fibre Comber. tion, mends breaks in threads by knotting, removes Operates machine which combs out short fibres, full bobbins and inserts empty ones; cleans and oils removes dirt and delivers long fibres in a sliver for first machine. drawing (twisting): 7-52.40Twister. passes ribbon laps through machine guides; starts machine and maintains supply of lap; pinches together Operates machine which twists two or more strands of ends of full and exhausted rolls, or broken ends ofyarn or thread into a single heavier and stronger strand: lap; removes cans when filled with sliver and inserts places tubes of yarn or thread on rack ;*pulls ends of empty ones; cleans and oils machine. yarn or thread together through machine and fastens them to bobbins; starts machine, observes operation, 7-51.50Fibre Drawer. mends broken threads by hand, replaces tubes when Operates drawing frame machine which combines empty and bobbins when full; cleans and oils machine. several strands of sliver into one attenuated strand of regular quality and weight: 7-52.50Winder. passes sliver through machine guides; starts machine Operates machine which winds yarn or thread from one and maintains supply of sliver; twists broken endspackage to another to facilitate further processing or together by hand; removes cans when filled with slivertransportation: and inserts empty ones; cleans and oils machine. places cones, reels, bobbins, tubes or other packages on spindles of machine; pulls ends of yarn or thread 7-51.55Fibre Rover. through machine guides and attaches them to rer-eiv- Operates roving frame machine which transforms sliver ing packages; starts machine, observes operation, into roving: mends broken strands by hand, removes full packages and inserts empty ones; cleans and oils machine. passes sliver through machine guides; starts machine and maintains supply of sliver; twists broken ends together by hand; removes full bobbins of twisted 7-52.90 Other Spinners and Winders. roving from machine spindles; cleans and oils machine. This group includes spinners and winders not elsewhere classified, for example those who perform auxiliary 7-51.90Other Fibre Preparers. operations in spinning and winding. This group includes textile fibre preparers not elsewhere classified, for example those who operate machines for 7-53 Weaving- and Knitting-Machine Setters Softening and beating flax, jute and hemp fibres or for and Pattern-Card Preparers washing raw stock fibres (other than wool). Workers in this unit group set and maintain 7-52Spinners and Winders weaving and knitting machines and prepare pattern cards for use on Jacquard looms. Workers in this unit group spin, double, twist and wind thread and yarn from natural textile Their functions include: fibres, setting, maintaining and repairing various Their functions include : kinds of looms or knitting machines; reproducing designers' sketches in diagram operating machines to spin thread and yarnform for guidance of Jacquard card cutters and from roving, wind two or more threads onto aweavers; bobbin, twist two or more strands of yarn or operating machines which punch holes in thread into a single heavier and stronger strand,Jacquard cards; or wind yarn or thread from one package to performing related tasks. another; performing related tasks. 7-53.20 Loom Fixer. Sets, inspects and repairs looms of various kinds: 7-52.20Spinner, Thread and Yarn. prepares looms for weaving new pattern or different Operates machines to spin thread and yarn from quality of product, for example by setting harness, roving: reed and dropwires into position and tying warp ends loads spinning machine with bobbins of roving; starts onto cloth beam; inspects looms periodically and machine, observes operation to detect broken strands keeps them in good working order; makes repairs such

171 7/8/9

7-53.30 - 7-54.45

as putting in new harness straps and replacing worn- gathers ends of yarn or thread from bobbins and out shuttles; replaces empty warp beams with fullones. guides them through reed or comb in order required for May place chain of pattern cards in positionon width and design of fabric to be woven; fastens ends Jacquard loom. May be designated according to to beam, cylinder or reel; starts machine and observes type of loom serviced. operation to ensure even tension of threads; repairs broken threads by hand; stops machine and cuts 7-53.30Knitting-Machine Setter. threads when winding onto beam is completed. Sets, adjusts and makes minor repairs to various types of knitting machines: 7-54.20 Loom Threader (Hand). sets machines according to design, shape and size of Draws warp thread or yarn into loom by hand, in desired products; examines finishedproducts topreparation for weaving of fabric: determine whether machines need further adjustment or repair; adjusts machines as required and repairs or pulls each thread or end of yarn on weaver's beam replaces damaged or worn parts. through separate eye of heddle by means of a hook; draws all ends, either singly or several at a time, through May set metal chains that control operation of spaces between reed wires; knots ends in bunches Jacquard knitting machines. ready for weaving; uses, if not assisted by another worker, a reaching machine which selects threads from 7-53.40 Jacquard Design Copyist. beam in rotation and places them in position for Reproduces in diagram form designers' sketches for drawing through eyes of heddle. weaving by Jacquard loom: sets out textile designer's sketches in diagram form on7-54.25 Loom Threader (Machine). squared paper, indicating where warp is to be raised over weft, for guidance of Jacquard card cutter Operates machine which draws warp threads into (7-53.50) and Jacquard weaver (7-54.45); makesloom in preparation for weaving: copies of previously prepared diagrams. lays warp in sheet on machine; operates machine to pick out threads and draw them through heddle, reed 7-53.50Jacquard Card Cutter. and drop wires. Operates machine which punches holes in Jacquard cards: 7-54.30Cloth Weaver (Hand). places plain cards in cutting machine equipped with keyboard; depresses keys to punch holes in card Weaves fabric on hand-operated loom: according to pattern indicated on diagrams prepared opens warp by depressing foot treadles; throws, weft by Jacquard design copyist (7-53.40). shuttle across warp by hand or propels it by jerking a wooden handle; presses cross-thread (weft) into place 7-53.90Other Weaving- and Knitting-Machine Setters with reed; mends broken threads by hand. and Pattern-Card Preparers. May also prepare own loom (warping and drawing-in) This group includes weaving- and knitting-machine and use hand-operated Jacquard figuring mechanism. setters and pattern-card preparers not elsewhere classified, for example those who check and correct punched holes 7-54.35Tapestry Maker (Hand). in pattern cards; operate machines which produce working copies of pattern cards from master set; place pattern Makes tapestry on hand-operated loom : cards together in proper sequence by hand or machine. passes weft by hand alternately over and under warps and then, in reverse direction, passes weft under where before it was over and vice versa to create or reproduce 7-54Weavers and Related Workers designs of various colours; presses weft tightly together with comb or with point of bobbin to cover warps Workers in this unit group weave materials on completely. hand or machine looms and perform related May prepare own loom (warping and drawing-in) and tasks. undertake repair work. Their functions include: 7-54.40Cloth Weaver (Machine, except Jacquard Loom). operating machines which wind yarn or thread onto weaver's beams; Operates battery of looms to weave cloth: starts looms, observes operation, mends broken threads drawing warp threads into loom by hand or by hand and removes faulty pieces; keeps weft shuttles machine; supplied with yarn; reports mechanical faults to Loom weaving plain or figured cloth, tapestry, lace, fixer (7-53.20). carpet or other fabrics on hand or machine looms; 7-54.45Jacquard Weaver. examining and repairing fabrics; Operates Jacquard loom to weave cloth of intricate performing related tasks. designs: starts loom, sees that weaving is proceeding correctly, 7-54.15 Beam Warper. mends broken threads by hand and removes faulty Operates machine which winds yarn or thread from pieces; keeps weft shuttles supplied with yarn; observes bobbins directly onto weaver's beam, or onto cylinder or faults arising from broken pattern cards and reports reel and then onto beam: them to Loom fixer (7-53.20).

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7-54.50 - 7-55.40

7-54.50Lace Weaver (Machine). 7-54.90Other Weavers and Related Workers. Operates lace-making machine: This group includes weavers and related workers not starts machine, sees that weaving is proceeding cor-elsewhere classified, for example those who perform rectly; mends broken threads by hand and removesauxiliary operations in weaving processes. faulty pieces; keeps machines supplied with yarn; reports mechanical faults to Loom fixer (7-53.20). 7-55Knitters May pass threads through machine guides in preparation for weaving and make minor adjustments. Workers in this unit group knit garments, fabrics and other articles by hand or machine. 7-54.55Carpet Weaver (Hand). Their functions include: Weaves carpet on hand-operated loom: operating one or more standard or special- stretches cotton or jute foundation backing over frame; weaves yarn of various colours through backingised power-driven knitting machines to knit according to design; uses hand shuttle and pressesgarments, fabrics, hosiery or other articles; weft into position with hand beater (prong); keeps knitting garments and other articles on hand- weft shuttles supplied with yarn; mends broken threadsoperated machines or by hand; by hand. performing related tasks. 7-54.60Carpet Weaver (Machine). 7-55.20Knitting-Machine Operator (Garment). Operates loom on which carpets or rugs are woven: furnishes loom with spot As, bobbins, or other packages Operates one or more standard or specialised power- in arrangement required by design; starts loom, sees driven machines which knit garments, fabrics and other that weaving is proceeding correctly, mends brokenarticles from yarn: threads by hand and removes or marks faulty pieces; places bobbins of yarn of required colour on frame of keeps shuttles or needles supplied with weft; reports machine; passes end of yarn through machine guides mechanical faults to Loom fixer (7-53.20). into knitting needle or yarn carrier, or ties it to end of May set up loom and see that pattern cards are in yarn in machine; starts machine and sees that knitting position for pattern work. is proceeding correctly; adjusts tension of springs so that knit will not be too tight or too loose; inspects 7-54.65 Net Maker (Machine). knitted material for flaws and determines causes of defects; mends broken threads by hand; separates Tends loom on which yarn or twist is intersected and knitted material or garment from machine with knotted at regular intervals to form mesh: scissors; reports mechanical faults to Knitting-machine starts machine, sees that weaving is proceeding cor- setter (7,5'3.30). rectly, mends broken threads by hand and removes May set needles of machine for width and pattern of faulty pieces; replaces empty bobbins with full ones; cloth and replace broken needles. joins yarn from bobbins onto yarn ends of completed run of net still threaded in loom; reports mechanical7-55.30Knitting-Machine Operator (Hosiery). faults to Loom fixer (7-53.20). May fill spare shuttles with yarn on winding attach- Operates knitting machines to knit hosiery to shape of ment near loom. foot and leg: places yarn spools on spindles and threads machine; 7-54.70Fabrics Examiner. places welt rod in retaining notch of welt bar, sets machine and yarn carrier to knitting positions and Examines textile fabrics for faults: starts machine; hooks draw-off straps from take-up watches for faults in weave or pattern and marks them; roller to weft rod to hold welt and leg taut during knit- reports faults to supervisor or instructs weavers, ting; positions machine device to knit stitches joining repairers or other workers as to remedial action to be welt to leg and sets dials to control narrowing heads taken. that shape leg, heel and toe; clips loose threads at welt May weigh rolls of fabric to see whether they corres- and toe of completed stocking with scissors; removes pond to amount of yarn issued to weavers.May welt rods and stocking from machine; counts, bundles count threads, using magnifying glass,to check and labels hose; replaces and aligns needles and points closeness of weave. May inspect fabrics for qualities with pliers. and characteristics such as shade of colour, finish and May clean and oil machine. dimensions. May do repairs. 7-55.40Knitter (Hand-Operated Machine). 7-54.75Fabrics Repairer. Knits fabrics, garments and other articles from yarn on Repairs faults in textile fabrics: hand-operated machine: inspects fabrics for markings that indicate faults; plucks places cone of yarn on spindle and passes end of yarn out knots with hand tool; uses needle and thread to through guides into knitting needles or yarn carrier; replace broken or imperfect threads in such a way as arranges needles to operate in sequences required by to make repair invisible; gathers up slack on loosely pattern; moves lever to separate needle plates of woven threads. machine; sets comb between needle plates or hangs May examine fabrics. stitches of strip of knitted material on needles of Workers employed mainly in repairing fabrics by machine; moves carriage of machine back and forth sewing are classified in unit group 7-95. by hand to knit fabric or garment.

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7-55.50 - 7-56.45

7-55.50 Hand Knitter. fills container with water and adds dyes; controls Knits garments and other articles by hand fromyarn temperature of solution; sews ends of fabric together, according to specifications: if necessary; puts fabric in or on a holding device and selects needles of size required by specifications and immerses it in solution; agitates fabric or solution; yarns of specified type and colour; knits sweaters, cuts off sample of fabric after prescribed period for dresses, socks and other articles by hand. colour testing; stops, continues or adjusts treatment according to result of test; withdraws fabric andpasses May finish articles by sewing parts together and it on for rinsing and drying; drains and cleanscon- pressing. tainer. May do rinsing and drying. 7-55.90Other Knitters. This group includes knitters not elsewhere classified,7-56.30 Garment Dyer. for example those performing auxiliary operations in knitting processes. Re-dyes garments to give them colour desired by customers: 7-56Bleachers, Dyers and Textile Product fills container with water and adds dyes; controls Finishers temperature of solution; immerses garment in solution and agitates it by hand or mechanically; inspects Workers in this unit group bleach, dye and garment after prescribed period for colour; stops, otherwise treat fibres, yarn, cloth and other continues or adjusts treatment according to result of inspection; removes garment when properly dyed and textile products. passes it on for rinsing and drying; drains and cleans Their functions include: container. treating textile products to make them lighter May do rinsing and drying. in colour or to give them specific colour; 7-56.35Textile Washer. washing textile products to remove impurities, excess chemicals or natural gum; Treats yarn, cloth or finished goods to remove impurities or excess chemicals: tending equipment to shrink textile materials fills container with water; warms water to required or strengthen the weave by interlocking the temperature; adds soap or other cleansing agent; fibres; immerses material in, or feeds it through, container; waterproofing textiles with chemicals; controls temperature of solution and period of immer- treating silk to give it body and weight; sion or speed of feeding; passes material on for rinsing and drying or other treatment; drains and cleans operating machines which press, stretch,or container. impart lustre, waterproof or other type of finish May do rinsing and drying. to textiles; performing related tasks. 7-56.40Silk Degummer.

7-56.15Textile Bleacher. Treats silk yarn, cloth or piece goods to remove natural gum: Treats fibres, yam, cloth or other textile goods to make fills container with water; heats water to required them lighter in colour: temperature; adds soap or other cleansing agent; fills container with water and adds chemicals; immerses controls temperature of solution; places skeins of yarn material in solution; controls temperature of solution, in boiling solution or on revolving arms of container; movement of material through it and period of attaches cloth or piece goods to suspended rods, canes immersion; drains off solution and rinses material; or metal frames and moves these through solution; and passes it on for drying or further treatment. rinses material in hot water; drains and cleans con- May bleach by means of light and air and specialise in tainer. type of material treated. May do drying.

7-56.20 Yam Dyer. 7-56.45 Wool Carboniser. Treats yarn with dyes to give it required colour: Controls equipment that treats scoured wool fibres, fills container with water and adds dyes; controls woollen fabric and rags to carbonise and remove cellu- temperature of solution; puts yam j-.1 or on a holdinglosic (vegetable) matter: device and immerses it in solution; agitatesyarn or turns valves to admit water and acid to carbonising solution; withdraws sample of yarn after prescribed troughs and sets temperature controls in charring period for colour testing; stops, continues or adjusts unit; starts conveyor which feeds fibre, fabric or rags treatment according to result of test; withdraws yam into bath containing weak solution of acid; adjusts and passes it on for rinsing and drying; drains and speed of material through wringers, charring unit, cleans container. crushers and shakers, neutralising bath and final dryer; May do rinsing and drying. tests acid solution and adds water or acid to maintain uniform strength of carbonising agent. 7-56.25 Fabric Dyer. May tend gas chamber that carbonises cellulose content Treats textile fabric with dyes to give it required of rags to reclaim wool fibres. colour: Wool scourer is classified in 7-51.20.

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7-56.50 - 7-59.40

7-56.50 Textile Shrinker. dye unspun fibres, hosieryor knitwear; disentangle skeins Tends equipment to shrink woven material to required of yarn after washing, bleaching,dyeing or other treat- length and width: ment; dry materials at any stage oftreatment; remove fibre protrusions; stretch textile goods;press made-up fills tank with water; heats water t,.) required tempera- goods; re-waterproof used goods; ture and adds shrinking agent; feeds lengthsof or size the warp. material through rollers and sews ends of material together; controls temperature of solution;passes 7-59Spinners, Weavers, Knitters, Dyers material through solution and rollers until the desired shrinkage is obtained; cleans equipment. and Related Workers Not ElsewhereClassified May use special equipment to cause fibres of material Workers in this unitgroup perform textile to felt or interlock, or to pummel,press and steam- fabrics manufacturing tasksnot classified else- heat the material.May do rinsing and drying. where. 7-56.55Textile Fuller. Their functions include: Tends equipment to cause fibres of wool to interlock making braid by handor machine; and strengthen the cloth for further processing: crocheting by hand or machine; fills tank with water and heats it to requiredtempera- ture; adds soap to water; feeds lengths of material making nets by hand; through rollers and sews ends together; controls mixing and purifying fur fibres bymachine; temperature of solution; passes material through operating machines which makehat forms solution and toilets until desired effect is obtained;from fur fibres or wool batts; cleans equipment. performing related tasks. May use special equipment to hammer material. May do rinsing and drying. 7-59.20Braid Maker (Hand). 7-56.60Textile Waterproofer. Makes braid by hand: Treats textiles with chemical to make themwater - interlaces and entwines strands of wool, silk,linen or resistant: thread to make ribbon-likeor cord-like fabrics for fills container with chemical solution; controlstempera- binding or for ornamentalpurposes. ture of solution; feeds lengths of material into rollers and joins ends together; passes material through 7-59.25Braid Maker (Machine). rollers into solution until it is impregnated; watches for and removes folds andcreases; cleans equipment. Operates one or more machines that interweavethreads May combine a dyeing process with the waterproofing into tubular cord or narrow band: and may also dry the material. passes thread through machine guides; starts machine and sees that braiding is proceeding Workers who waterproof textiles with rubberor oil correctly; main- are classified in unit groups 9-01 and 9-49 respectively. tains supply of thread and mends breakagesby hand. 7-56.65Silk Weighter. 7-59.30Crocheter (Hand). Treats silk with solutions of tin and phosphatesto give Makes trimmings, articles and decorative fabricswith it weight and body: thread or yarn by means ofa hooked needle (crochet wraps silk in blanket or coarse canvas; places it in hook): container of centrifugal machine;pumps solution of selects needle and thread or yam; makes loopsand tin from mixing vat into machine which isrun for a knots them to form a pattern accordingto own or period with material immersed in solution; drawsoff prepared design. solution; transfers material to spray-washing machine; returns material to centrifugal machine containing May crochet trimmings and decorative piecesdirectly onto edges of garments and other articles. May phosphates and runs it to fix tin to silk; repeats specialise in lacemaking. process, as necessary, to obtain desired weight. 7-56.70Textile Calender Operator. 7-59.35Crocheter (Machine). Operates machine in whichtextiles are pressed, Operates machine whichcrochets trimmings on stretched or given lustre or waterproofor other type ofknitted garments and other knitted goods: finish by means of friction, heating and rolling: places bobbins of selected threadson machine; passes places roll of material on machine feeder; threadsend ends of thread through machine guidesand eye of of roll through machine rollers and affixes itto winder; machine needle; adjusts machine forthread tension operates controls to bring rollers together andso press and type of stitch; arranges materialin position for on cloth; starts machine and admits steam to rollers; crocheting and guides it under needle;replaces empty observes material passing through rollers and regulates bobbins and broken needles. tension on material as required; removes calendered roll of textile from winder. 7-59.40Net Maker (Hand). 7-56.90Other Bleachers, Dyers and Textile Product Makes nets by hand: Finishers. plaits and knots twine using nettingneedle or shuttle. This group includes bleachers, dyers and textile product May attach fittings and specialise insafety, rescue, finishers not elsewhere classified, for example thosewho fishing or sports nets.

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7-59.45 - 7-61.40

7-59.45Fur Fibre Mixer (Machine). to which they adhere by suction; when cone is sufficiently covered with fur fibres stops machine, places Operates machine that mixes and purifies fur fibres by another cone over hat form, lifts cones from machine, blowing air onto them: immerses them in hot water and removes hat form tips fur fibres into hopper of machine; starts machine after prescribed period; if making hat forms from wool and see. ,that operationisproceeding correctly; batts, guides bans over revolving egg-shaped roller examines fur fibres emerging from machine and deter- to form pairs of hat bodies which he then cuts into mines from their feel and appearance whether or not two. to pass them through machine again; cleans machine after each run. 7-59.90 Other Spinners, Weavers, Knitters, Dyers and 7-59.50Felt Hood Former. Related Workers. Operates machine which makes hat forms from fur This group includes spinners, weavers, knitters, dyers fibres or wool batts: and related workers not elsewhere classified, for example if making hat forms from fur fibres, starts machine tothose who harden and shrink hat forms or make wool blow fur fibres onto perforated revolving metal cone felt sheeting.

7-6 TANNERS, FELLMONGERS AND PELT DRESSERS

Workers in this minor group prepare hides, skins and fur- or wool-bearing pelts for making leather and fur products.They are classified in the unit groups listed below: 7-61Tanners and Fellmongers. 7-62Pelt Dressers.

7-61Tanners and Felimongers and removes wool by hand; dries wool in drying room or by machine; grades skins according to size and Workers in this unit group make leather from quality; pickles skins in solution to preserve them hides and skins. until required for further treatment. Their functions include: May sort wool according to length and quality. sorting and grading hides and skins; removing residual wool from sheepskins; 7-61.30 Hide Flesher and Dehairer (Hand). removing flesh and hair from hides by hand Removes flesh and traces of hair from hides with or machine; hand knife: operating machine to split hides edgeways; stretches wet hide over iron or wooden beam; scrapes treating hides to convert them into leather; flesh and hair off hide with circular or two-handled dressing and applying dyes and stains to knife; piles scraped hides. leather; performing related tasks. 7-61.35 Hide Flesher and Dehairer (Machine). Operates machine in which flesh and hair.are removed 7-61.20 Hide and Skin Grader. from hides: Sorts and grades hides and skins before or after starts machine to rotate machine rollers; lays hide processing: over lower roller and smooths out wrinkles; presses inspects hides and skins for scars, brand or tick treadle to bring roller carrying hide against rotating marks, warble-fly holes and other imperfections; roller equipped with special knife blades; feeds half sorts hides and skins according to size, weight, thick- of nide through rollers; reverses hide and repeats ness, colour and quality; selects those suitable for operation to scrape other half of hide; piles scraped processing; examines and grades processed hides and hides. skins, returning them for further processing where May operate machine in which a rotating, bladed necessary. roller is moved over hides placed on machine table Pelt grader is classified in 7-62.20. or on frame.

7-61.25Fellmonger. 7-61.40Hide Splitter. Separates residual wool from sheepskins and preserves skins intended for further treatment : Operates a machine in which hides are split edgeways washes sheepskins in cold water by hand or machine; to form two or more pieces or to give uniform thickness: paints surface of skin with depilatory to facilitate starts machine and adjusts thickness of cut; places removal of wool; places skin on board or over knees hide on machine table and smooths out wrinkles;

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guides hide between rollers which force edge of hide removing long, coarse hair from fur pelts and against machine knife; removes split bides from machine. trimming underlying hair toeven length; applying dyes to fur pelts by hand; 7-61.45Tanner. stretching and smoothing dressed pelts; performing related tasks. Treats hides or skins in solutions to convert them into leather: 7-62.20 fills container with tanning solution and weighed Pelt Grader. quantity of hides; starts machine to agitate solution; Sorts fur- or wool-bearing pelts beforeor after they stops machine after specified time or when processhave been dressed: is judged complete; takes sample piece of leather and compares untreated pelts visually and sorts them boils it in water to test completeness of tanning; according to species, quality, size, colour and markings; continues tanning process if necessary;removes hides or sorts pelts after they have been dressed, dyed or when tanning is completed. otherwise treated. May retan hides to restore colour lost in bleaching, Workers occupied in grading and matching furs in splitting or other processes: May specialisein particular type of tanning and be designated accord-connection with fur tailoring are classified in 7-92.40. ingly.May prepare hides for tanning. Maypre- pare tanning solutions. 7-62.30Pelt Flesher. Removes particles of flesh and fat from fur-or wool- 7-61.50 Leather Currier. bearing pelts prior to curing or other processing: Dresses and finishes hides after tanning: scrapes particles from pelt with knife or by working scrapes hide with tool to expel moisture and scum left skin backwards and forwards over fixed steel blade. from tanning; applies grease, oil, soap or othercom- May remove particles by use of power-operated pounds to hide by hand or machine; softens hide by revolving knife. May reduce thickness of hides by stroking it with knife blade, flexing it over rigid blade paring with machine or hand knife or by rolling it under pressure in machine; rubs hair side of hide against itself to bring out grain;removes 7-62.40Pelt Plucker and Trimmer. rough spots and blemishes by handor machine scraping; polishes hide by hand or machine. Removes long coarse hair from fur pelts and trims May also dye and stain leather. underlying hair to even length: tacks skin, fur side up, over beam;removes loose 7.61.55 Leather Dyer and Stainer. hairs and flattens fur by stroking it with double- handled, blunt-edged knife; evens length of furover Prepares colour solutions, dyes and stains and applies entire skin with thin, sharp knife, scissorsor shears. them to dressed leather: weighs prescribed quantities of dyes and mixes them7-62.50Pelt Dyer (Hand). with water in container; heats solution for required time and tests it with hydrometer end chemical indi- Applies dyes to fur pelts by hand: cators; loads drum with hides, water and dyeing applies dyes to pelt with featheror brush to improve solution;starts mechanism toagitatesolution; appearance of fur or to simulate pelt of another fur- examines test piece of hide and adds bleach or further bearing animal. colouring if necessary. May spray dyes on fur. May mixown dyes. May be designated according to type of dyeing performed. 7-61.90 Other Tanners and Fellmongers. This group includes tanners and fellmongersnot 7-62.60Pelt Stretcher. elsewhere classified, for example those who operatean Stretches, or smooths and stretches, the skinsof automatic machine for buffing or polishing leather; dressed pelts: wash hides; rub dyes or stain on leather with brushesor pads; or nail leather on boards or frames. pulls softened and greased peltsover fixed blade by hand to enlarge area and smoothtexture of skin; stretches pelt by hand or by feeding it througha power- operated machine. 7-62Pelt Dressers May also finish pelt by fluffing, beating,brushing Workers in this unit group prepare fur-or and combing the fur. wool-bearing pelts for making garments and Fur nailer is classified in 7-92.60. other products. 7-62.90Other Pelt Dressers. Their functions include: . sorting pelts before or after dressing; This group includes pelt dressersnot elsewhere classi- removing flesh and fat from pelts beforefied, for example those whooperate machines which curing; remove fur from pelts for fur-felt making;or immerse pelts or skins in pickling, dyeingor other solutions.

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7-7 FOOD AND BEVERAGE PROCESSERS

Workers in this minor group prepare food products and beverages of all kinds for human and animal consumption. They are classified in the unit groups listed below: 7-71Grain Millers and Related Workers. 7-72Sugar Processers and Refiners. 7-73Butchers and Meat Preparers. 7-74 Food Preservers. 7-75Dairy Product Processers. 7-76Bakers, Pastrycooks and Confectionery Makers. 7-77Tea, Coffee and Cocoa Preparers. 7-78Brewers, Wine and Beverage Makers. 7-79 Food and Beverage Processers Not Elsewhere Classified.

7-71Grain Millers and Related Workers 7-71.40Spice Miller. Workers in this unit group crush, grind, blend Grinds spices to specified consistency in a mill: and otherwise process grains, spices and related loads spice into feed bin by hand or by adjusting foodstuffs for human or animal consumption. gates of storage hopper; adjusts grinding rollers to regulate fineness of ground spice; starts machine; Their functions include: re-grinds material which does not sift through screens. operating machinery for the production of May mix ground spices according to formula for use flour, meal and animal feed and for processing in canning and preserving foodstuffs. rice; grinding spices in a mill; 7-71-90 Other Grain Millers and Related Workers. performing related tasks. This group includes grain millers and related workers not elsewhere classified, for example those who operate 7-71.20Grain Miller. cleaning, washing and husking equipment to prepare grain and related foods for milling; operate equipment Operates machinery for processing grain (except rice)to sift and sort milled products at various stages in to produce flour, meal and animal feed: milling process; or supervise the storage and conser- starts machinery, such as cleaners, conveyors, grinders,vation of grain in silos. hammer mills and sifters, and flow of grain to processing equipment; observes milling process, keeping grain moving at regular rate by tapping clogged 7-72Sugar Processers and Refiners spouts with mallet and by adjusting gates; examines product periodically and adjusts grinders as necessary; Workers in this unit group operate equipment makes blends of flour, meal or feed by regulating flow of ingredients in specified proportions from bins toto process sugar-cane and beet and make refined blending machines; takes samples for laboratorysugar. analysis; keeps records of materials received and Their functions include: products milled. May operate equipment to crack and treat grain operating sugar-cane crushing equipment; (except rice) for further processing in the manufacture operating batteries of diffusers to extract sugar of grain products such as breakfast foods.Mayliquor from beet; specialise in grinding or milling particular kind of controlling tanks in which sugar liquor is grain (except rice) and be designated accordingly. purified by carbonation process; 7-71.30Rice Miller. tending tanks in which sugar crystals are Operates machinery for processing rice: produced from hot sugar liquor; starts machinery, such as conveyors, sifters, hullers operating and controlling series of machines and polishers, and flow of rice to processing equip-which refine beet or cane sugar by a continuous ment; observes process, adjusting controls to maintainprocess; even flow of rice from storage bins; examines processed riceperiodically and adjusts machines as performing related tasks such as extracting necessary; keeps records of materials received andand refining sugar juices from maple, palm and processed. other vegetable sources.

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7-72.20 - 7-74

7-72.20Sugar-Cane Grinder. Their functions include: Operates equipment to extract juice from sugar- slaughtering animals; canes by crushing them in series of rollers: flaying and trimming carcasses; controls speed of conveyor and rollers; uses wooden pole to prevent canes from jamming in rollers; adjusts cutting and dressing meat for sale or further spacing of rollers to obtain maximum quantity ofprocessing; sugar juice. preparing ingredients for sausages andoper- ating sausage-making machines; 7-7230Diffuser Operator (Beet Sugar). performing related tasks. Tends automatic machine which extracts sugar liquor from beets: 7-73.10Butcher, General. starts diffuser and auxiliary equipment such as beet Slaughters animals, bones and cuts up carcasses and slicers, conveyors and automatic weighing scales;prepares standard meat cuts: observes control panel dials and regulates flow of kills or stuns animal and thrusts knife into jugular beets and water, speed of agitators and temperature vein to drain off blood; flays and opens carcass and of liquidto obtain maximum quantity of sugar removes entrails; splits carcass by sawing and cleaving; juice; keeps screens clear and maintains liquid at removes edible offal and washes meat; cuts, saws desired level; records tonnage of beets sliced and and chops carcass into standard meat cuts or smaller diffused and other data. portions as required. 7-72.40Carbonation Man (Sugar Refining). 7-73.20Slaughterer. Controls tanks in which impurities in sugar liquor Slaughters animals and flays, trims and reduces are precipitated by carbonation process: carcasses: admits sugar liquor to tank; controls flow of carbonat- kills or stuns animal and thrusts knife into jugular ing ingredients into liquor; tests solution and adjusts vein to drain off blood; removes appendages, flays mixture if necessary. and opens carcass and removes inedible entrails; May control particular phase of process only and be splits and reduces carcass by sawing and cleaving designated accordingly. and washes meat. May remove edible offal and place carcasses in cold- 7-72.50Crystalliser Operator (Sugar Refining). storage rooms. May specialise in particular slaughtering tasks. Tends tank in which sugar crystals are produced from hot sugar liquor: 7-73.30 Meat Cutter. operates valves to admit sugar liquor to tank; starts agitators; admits cooling water to coils and ensures Cuts meat into portions suitable for sale to individual even cooling at controlled rate; stops machine when customers or for use in meat-processing plants: required crystallisation is obtained and drains off cuts, saws and chops meat into pieces of different sizes mixture of sugar crystals and liquor. and qualities; removes bones and sinews; trims off May add powdered sugar to liquor to induce crys- excess fat; minces meat as required; cleans tools and tallisation. equipment and sharpens knives. May make sausages and other meat products. 7-72.60Continuous Sugar-Refining Machine Operator. 7-73.40 Sausage Maker. Controls series of automatic machines which refine Prepares ingredients for various kinds of sausages beet or cane sugar by a continuous process: and similar products and operates machines for their controls flow of materials and liquid to and from manufacture: machines and regulates temperatures; adds chemical weighs out various meats, spices and other ingredients ingredients to facilitate refining process according according to recipe; chops, minces and mixes ingre- toinstructions or using own judgment; corrects dients by machine as required; operates machine minor faults arising during operation or reports them to supervisor. which forces sausage meat into sausage casings; pinches and ties ends of filled casings. May specialise in a particular task and be designated 7-72.90Other Sugar Processers and Refiners. accordingly. This group includes sugar processers and refiners not classifiedelsewhere, for example those who extract7-73.90 Other Butchers and Meat Preparers. and refine sugar juices from maple, palm and other This group includes butchers and meat preparers not vegetable sources; operate evaporating equipment to classified elsewhere, for example those who specialise in reduce sugar liquor to a specific density; operate equip-the production of pork products or in the treatment ment to separate sugar crystals from molasses. and preparation of edible offal for use in meat-product making. 7-73Butchers and Meat Preparers 7-74Food Preservers Workers in this unit group slaughter animals, Workers in this unit group cook, smoke, dry, cut atdress meat and make sausages and otherfreeze or dehydrate foodstuffs for canningor meat products. other kinds of preservation.

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7-74.10 - 7-75.30

Their functions include: 7-74.50Pickier, Food. cooking meat, fish, fruit, vegetablesor other Cures meat, fish, other foods and food products: foods in large cpantities; rubs salt into foodstuff or immerses it in brine solution; sterilising foodstuffs prior to canningor controls salinity of brine; withdraws products when bottling; salting is completed. May specialise in pickling particular kind of product freezing or dehydrating fruit, vegetablesor and be designated accordingly. other foods; curing foodstuffs by salting or smoking; 7-74.60 Meat and Fish Smoker. performing related tasks. Operates smoke chambers or ovens to smokemeat, fish and other foodstuffs: 7-74.10Preserving Cook (General). hangs foodstuff in smoke chamber; kindles wood,or Cooks meat, fish, fruit, vegetables or other foods in lights gas fire to provide heat required for type of wood used; adds wood shavings or aromatic herbsas neces- large quantities preparatory to canning or preserving: sary; controls ventilation; removes products when weighs or otherwise measures ingredients; loads them smoking is completed. into cooking vessels, such as kettles, pressure cookers, vacuum or evaporating pans and frying machines,7-74.90 Other Food Preservers. manually or by means of chute or conveyor; cooks mixture, adding syrup, spices, colouring matter or This group includes foodpreservers not elsewhere other substances as required; drains off cooked food-classified, for example those whoprepare foods for stuffs by opening valve at bottom of vessel or bycanning; extract essences from foods by heatprocesses blowing material through drain with steam. and make concentrates or powders; whitenor enrich natural colours of fruit or vegetables;or dry fish in the May stir contents with mechanical agitator. Maysun. test mixture with hydrometer or other instrument to determine consistency. 7-75 Dairy Product Processers 7-74.15Fish-Preserving Cook. Workers in this unitgroup process milk and Cooks fish and other sea or freshwater foods in largecream and make dairy products. quantities prepatatory to canning or preserving: Their functions include: tends hot air or steam ovens or other equipment to operating or tending equipment to pasteurise cook fish and other sea or freshwater foods; observes thermometers, pressure gauges and other measuringmilk; instruments and adjusts cooker controls as necessary; performing one ormore tasks in making determines when cooking is completed and removesbutter or cheese or tending machineryto make foodstuffs from cooker. them in large quantities; 7-74.20Sterilising Cook. making ice cream; performing related tasks. Operates pressure-cooker or other vessel to sterilise meat, fish, fruit, vegetables or jam prior to canning or7-75.10 Dairy Product Processer (General). bottling: Performs one or more tasks in the preparationof loads foodstuffs to be sterilised into vessel; checksvarious dairy products: valves before starting pressure-cookers; raises temperature in cooker by increasing steam pressure; observes pasteurises raw milk or other dairy productsto remove gauges and adjusts pressure as necessary; withdraws harmful bacteria; develops bacterial culturefor use foodstuffs when operation completed. in making butter, buttermilk, cheese and otherpro- ducts; operatss equipment to May operateseries of pressure-cookers working separate cream from continuously. May be designated according to type milk and make butter; curdles milk andconverts curds of equipment used. into cheese. May make ice-cream. 7-74.30Foodstuffs Freezer. 7-7520 Dairy Product Pasteuriser. Freezes fruit, vegetables and other foods: Operates pasteurising equipment toremove harmful places prepared food or cartons of food on shelvesorbacteria from milk and other dairy products; conveyor belt in freezing unit; regulates temperature and freezing time, and removes foodstuffs whenprocess pumps cold raw milk or other dairy products through is completed. heating tank; maintains liquid at requiredtempera- ture for specified time and pumps it through cooling 7-74.40 Foodstuffs Dehydrator. unit before bottling; checks thermometers andgauges and makes necessary adjustments; cleansand sterilises Operates drying units to remove moisture from fruit, tank and interconnecting pipes; disconnectsfilters vegetables and other food: and renews or cleans straining devices. examines size, shape and skin of food and estimates drying time; pushes car loaded with food into drying 7-75.30Butter Maker. unit; adjusts heating and ventilation as necessary; Performs one or more tasks in butter making: pulls car out when dehydration is completed. pasteurises milk to eliminate harmful bacteria;sepa- May keep record of drying time for each load. rates cream from milk in centrifuge; adds lactic

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7-75.40 - '1-76.90

ferment to ripen cream; pours or pumps cream into 7-76.20 Bread Baker. mechanical chum; starts chum and controls moisture, Makes all kinds of bread: temperature and churning time. performs tasks similar to those of Baker (general) May salt butter in churn.May draw off buttermilk, (7-76.10) but specialises in making bread from one add water and wash butter. or more kinds of cereals. 7-75.40Cheese Maker. May, in a commercial bakery, specialise in one particular bread-making task, such as kneading dough or Performs one or more tasks in cheese making: operating oven, and be designated accordingly. pours milk into kettle or vat; adds acid bacteria (starter) to curdle milk and rennet to assist coagula- 7-76.30Pastry Maker. tion; cuts resulting curd and allows whey to sink to bottom of container; heats curd to prescribed tempera- Makes tarts, cakes and other pastry products: ture,stirringconstantly, until itreachesdesired performs tasks similar to those of Baker (general) firmness; scoops curd into burlap containers to drain (7-76.10) but specialises in the making of cakes, tarts off excess moisture; places cheese in moulds and and other pastry products; decorates products in presses it into shape. various ways, such as with icing squeezed from cone- May salt cheeses by placing them in brine. May shaped cloth bag. supervise ripening of cheeses.May specialise in May, in a commercial bakery, specialise in one partic- making particular type of cheese and be designated ular pastry-making task, such as lining or filling pans accordingly. or decorating products, and be designatedaccordingly.

7-75.50 Ice-Cream Maker. 7-76.40Macaroni Maker. Makes ice-cream from milk, sugar and other ingre- Makes macaroni and similar wheat products: dients: makes dough from flour or semolina and water in measures and mixes ingredients; pasteurises mixture; mixing machine; starts and controls extrusion press pumps ingredients through homogeniser; pours mix- to force dough through dies; changes dies and makes ture into freezing machine; starts machine to stir and other adjustments as necessary; transfers racks of cool mixture; unloads machine when ice-cream has macaroni to drying room; regulates temperature and required consistency. humidity of air in drying room; after prescribed May form ice-cream into special shapes. drying time removes products for cutting or packing. 7-75.90Other Dairy Product Processers. May specialise in a particular task and be designated accordingly. This group includes dairy product processers not elsewhere classified, for example those who salt cheeses 7-76.50Chocolate Maker. by immersing them in brine or rubbing them with dry salt; operate machines which homogenise milk or mould Operates grinding, pressing, mixing and other machines butter or cheese into shape; make condensed or powdered to make chocolate: milk; or make bacterial cultures used in butter, cheese grinds cocoa beans to liquid or paste in mill; operates and other dairy products making. hydraulic press to make blocks of cocoa butter from liquid chocolate; grinds blocks to cocoa powder; mixes 7-76Bakers, Pastrycooks and liquid chocolate, sugar and other ingredients into Confectionery Makers dough by machine; converts coarse mixed chocolate into flakes in roller machine; heats and mixes flaked Workers in this unit group make various chocolate and cocoa-butter by machine to obtain kinds of bread, cake, other flour products and desired texture and flavour. chocolate and sugar confectionery. 7-76.60Confectionery Maker. Their functions include: Makes confectionery from mixture of sugar, chocolate making bread, cake, biscuits, pastries, pies,and other ingredients: macaroni and other flour products; weighs or measures ingredients; mixes them by hand or electric agitator; cooks batch in open or vacuum operating grinding, pressing, mixing and other containers, adjusting temperature as required; oper- machines in the manufacture of chocolate; ates heating, pulling, moulding and other machines; making confectionery from mixtures of sugar, coats products by hand or machine with chocolate, chocolate and other ingredients; sugar or other substances as required. performing related tasks. May specialise in making particular kind of confectionery or performing particular task and be designated 7-76.10Baker, General. accordingly. Makes bread, cake, biscuits,. pastries, pies and other 7-76.90Other Bakers, Pastrycooks and Confectionery flour products: Makers. calculates quantities of ingredients required; weighs out ingredients and mixes them by hand ormachine; This group includes bakers, pastrycooks and confec- prepares and shapes dough and placesit in oven; tioners not elsewhere classified, for example those who regulates oven temperature and checks progress ofmake biscuits and spiced bread; make chewing gum; baking; removes baked products and places them on make fondants, caramels and other sweets; enrobe cooling racks; prepares and applies icings and fillings. fondants, caramels, nuts or other foods by hand or

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machine; operate automatic machines which mould nism as necessary; tests beans during roastingprocess chocolate, soft sweets or jellies; oruse tempering machines by tasting, smelling and feeling and decides when to maintain correct temperature and grain of liquid processis complete; discharges roasted beans into chocolate. cooling receptacle. May operate machine in which beansare crushed and 7-77Tea, Coffee and Cocoa Preparers husks and chaff are separated. Workers in this unit group taste and grade 7-77.90 Other Tea, Coffee and Cocoa Preparers. various kinds of coffee and tea to guide blending and prepare coffee beans, chicory and This group includes tea, coffee andcocoa preparers cocoanot elsewhere classified, for example those who break beans. outer coverings of cocoa beans and crush them into nibs; Their functions include: or grind cocoa and coffee. tasting brewed samples of coffeeor tea; operating machines to blend various grades 7-78Brewers, Wine and Beverage Makers of coffee or tea; Workers in this unit group mix,press, malt roasting blended coffee beans, chicoryrootsand ferment grains and fruits to make malt or cocoa beans in heated revolving cylinders; liquors, wine, fruit juices and other alcoholic performing related tasks. and non-alcoholic beverages. 7-77.20Coffee and Tea Taster. Their functions include: Tastes brewed samples of coffee or tea: germinating barley and other grains usedin ascertains and judges flavour, aroma and other qualities making distilled or malt liquors; of brewed sample of coffee or tea; estimates approxi- drying germinated grain; mate market value of lot sampled; recommends cooking malt with water toprepare mash; specific mixtures of lots which will producecommer- controlling fermentation process in making cially acceptable blends. distilled or malt liquors; May be required to determine country of origin of coffee or tea. May attend auctions and buy coffeeor producing,yeast used in fermentation of mash; tea in bulk. performing various tasks in wine making; tasting samples of wine or liquor; 7-77.30Coffee Blender. making vinegar from malt, alcoholor wine; Operates machine which mixes various grades ofgreen coffee: operating presses to extract juices from fruit and making fruit juices and other non-alcoholic empties bags of specified grades of coffee into machine bin; starts blending mechanism; observes blending,beverages; adjusts machine as necessary and decides when blend- performing related tasks. ing is completed; manipulates levers to transfer Workers who distil alcohol to make alcoholic blended coffee into elevators whichconvey coffee to cleaning bins or other processing units prior beverages such as whiskiesare classified in unit to roasting. group 7-44. May tend completely automatic installation. 7-77.40 Tea Blender. 7-78.20 Germination Worker (Malting). Operates machine which mixes various grades of tea: Germinates barley or other grain used in making weighs out specified quantities of required grades ofdistilled or malt liquors: tea; fills machine with weighed-out quantities of tea; weighs grain and puts it into cisternsor tanks filled with starts machine, observes blending and regulatescon- water; soaks and stirs grain; loads soaked grain into trols as necessary; decides when blending is completed. rotating drum or perforated bin; controls temperature, May transfer blended tea to packing machine. air current, water sprinkling and rotation of drum; supervises removal of germinated grain to drying 7-77.50Coffee Roaster. kiln. Roasts blended coffee beans or chicory roots in heated7-78.25 Kilnman (Malting). revolving cylinders: Dries germinated grain used in preparing malt for loads cylinders with specified quantities of blendedmaking distilled and malt liquors: beans or chicory and starts machine; observes roasting directs loading and distribution of grain in kilns; fires process and adjusts heating mechanism asnecessary; discharges roasted coffee or chicoryonto cooling furnace and regulates temperature and air supplyas trays, spreads it evenly and starts cooling fans. necessary; turns grain over using mechanical plough; stops furnace when operation is completed. May grind coffee or chicory by machine. 7-78.30 Malt Cooker. 7-77.60 Cocoa-Bean Roaster. Cooks malt in water to prepare mash used in making Roasts cocoa beans in heated revolving cylinders: distilled or malt liquors: loads cylinders with cocoa beans and starts machine; fills tubs (cookers) equipped with mechanical agitators observes roasting process and adjusts heating mecha- with water to required level and steam heatsto pre- 182 7/8/9

7-78.35 - 7-79.30

scribed temperature; weighs out malt and puts it into 7-78.80Fruit-Press Operator. heated water; starts mechanical agitators and cooks Extracts juice from fruit pulp using power press: mixture for specified time at prescribed temperature. puts pulp in cloths or filter sacks by hand or fills them May pump mash into cooling vat preparatory to from feed line; places packed pulp in press and starts distilling.May drain liquid mash or pump mash press to squeeze out juice; pumps juice from vat to into tank preparatory to fermenting. storage tanks and puts pulp into containers. 7-78.35 Fermenting-Room Man. 7-78.90Other Brewers, Wine and Beverage Makers. Controls fermentation process in making distilled or This group includes brewers, wine and beverage makers malt liquors: not elsewhere classified, for example those who add hops pumps wort or mash into fermentation tanks and adds and sugar to malt and water mash and cook them; blend yeast; regulates steam-heating coil valves to maintainwines and distilled liquors; rack and mature wines; correct temperature during fermentation; tests specific clarify wines by turning bottles periodically or by chem- gravity periodically and adds yeast, sugar or water asical action; treat wine to make champagne; or make required; accelerates chemical action by admitting ail ; non-alcoholic beverages. removes yeast by suction or other means and pumps fermented solution to settling tank; flushes fermenting 7-79 Food and Beverage Proceisers Not tank with cold water. Elsewhere Classified 7-78.40 Yeast Maker. Workers in this unit group perform tasks not classified elsewhere in the preparation and pro- Makes yeast used in production of distilled and malt liquors; cessing of food products for human and animal weighs out prescribed amount of barley, rye or otherconsumption. grain meal and puts it in measured amount of water Their functions include: heated to specific temperature in special wooden vat; mixes grain and water with powered agitator; cooks extracting oil from oil-bearing seeds, nuts and mixture by admitting steam to vat; cools mash byfruits; running cold water into vat; pours prepared yeast operating machines to refine crude soya bean, solution or culture into mixture and stirs with agitator; cotton seed, peanut and other edible oils; regulates temperature of fermenting mash by running hot or cold water through vat; ascertains specific operating equipment to process oils and fats gravity and acidity of mash by using hydrometer and used in making margarine and equipment to making simple chemical tests; separates yeast frommake margarine; liquor by using centrifugal separator or filter press. preparing fish and other sea or freshwater May draw off yeast from fermentation tanks by suction pump or skimming. foods for sale or curing; performing related tasks. 7-78.50 Wine Worker. 7-79.20Oil Pressman (Edible Oils). Performs variety of tasks in wine making: Extracts oil from oil-bearing seeds, fruits and nuts : loads conveyors carrying bulk grapes or grape must to loads and tends crushing or hydraulic pressing machine crushers and pressers; connects portable pumps be- to extract oil from cotton or sunflower seeds, soya tween tanks and turns valves to pump wine and alcohol beans, peanuts, olives, oil-palm nuts and other vege- from fermenting and fortifying tanks to storage tanks; table products; loads and tends cylindrical machine tends press which separates juice from must; racks (expeller) or hydraulic press to extract oil from dried wine and tends filters collecting sediment. coconut (copra). May use other methods of extractingoil.May 7-78.60 Wine and Liquor Taster. specialise in particular task or type of vegetable product Tastes samples of wine or liquor: treated and be designated accordingly. ascertains and judges flavour, aroma, colour and other 7-79.25Refining-Machine Operator (Oils and Fats). qualities of wine and liquor; classifies samples according to quality standards; recommends specific mixtures Operates machine which refines crude soya bean, of lots which will produce commercially acceptablecotton seed, peanut and other edible oils: blends. turns valves to pump oil and caustic solution into machine tanks;starts machine;setsthermostat, May be required to determine place of origin and age regulates other controls and maintains prescribed of wine or liquor. temperature; turns valves to pass oil and caustic mixture to purifying tanks and run off waste; controls 7-78.70Vinegar Maker. pump passing refined oil to storage tank. Carries out all processes connected with manufacture of vinegar from malt, denatured alcohol, wine or other 7-79.30Hydrogenation Operator (Oils and Fats). source: Operates equipment to process oils and fats used in ferments must obtained from grains, denatured alcohol, making margarine : wine or other source; clarifies fermented vinegar by starts pumps to transfer batches of refined oils and filtering;controls temperature and quantities of fats into converter; turns valves to regulate flow of materials required. hydrogen, steam, air and water into converter and

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7-79.40 - 7-81.60

adds specified quantities of catalyticagents; tests bones fish and cuts large fish into cutlets, filletsor samples to ensure that product conformsto specifica- steaks as required. tions; starts pumps to transfer treated oil intoblending vessels;observes May mince fish and make sausages, fish-cakesor temperature and other control other fish products. May sell fish and fish products devices and makes necessary adjustments;pumps finished oils through filter into storage tanks. in a retail establishment.

7-79.40 Fish Butcher. 7-79.90 Other Food and Beverage Processers. Prepares fish and other sea and freshwater foods for sale or curing: This group includes other food and beverageprocessers not elsewhere classified, for example those whoper- scrapes off scales or strips entire skin from fish; form various tasks in the manufacture of margarine cuts off head, tail and fins and removes entrails; or shell, clean, roast, blanch or polish nuts.

7-8 TOBACCO PREPARERS AND TOBACCOPRODUCT MAKERS

Workers in this minor group prepare andtreat tobacco leaves and make cigars, cigarettes and other tobacco products. Theyare classified in the unit groups listed below. 7-81Tobacco Preparers. 7-82Cigar Makers. 7-83Cigarette Makers. 7-89 Tobacco Preparers and Tobacco ProductMakers Not Elsewhere Classified.

7-81 Tobacco Preparers together; sprinkles water containing acetic acidon leaves during mixing process. Workers in this unit group prepare tobacco leaves for making various tobacco products. 7-81.40Tobricco Conditioner Operator. Their functions include: Tends vacuum conditioner (steam-pressure chamber) which moistens opened hogsheads of tobacco for further grading cured tobacco leaves by type, qualityprocessing: and locality where grown; pushes hogsheads of tobacco into chamber or starts mixing tobacco leaves according to formula hydraulic lift that moves hogsheads into chamber; to obtain a blend of distinctive flavour; closes chamber door, starts vacuum pump, and turns tending vacuum container which moistens valve to admit steam to chamber; observesgauges and dials on control panel to determine when tempera- tobacco for further processing; ture and air, steam and vacuum pressure reach removing mid-ribs and stalks from tobacco specified levels to force steam through tobacco; leaves by hand or machine; removes hogsheads from chamber. shredding tobacco leaves by machine; May condition tobacco leaves by dipping them performing related tasks. in water or spraying them with water. 741.50 Tobacco Stripper (Hand). 7-81.20 Tobacco Grader. Removes midribs and stalks from tobacco leaves Grades cured tobacco leaves as to type and qualityby hand: according to colour, texture, size of leaf, and locality grown: takes moistened leaf from pile; cuts and strips mid- rib and stalk from leaf, s `acting at tip end of leaf and takes samples of leaves from hogsheads received; avoiding damage to surface; stacks stripped leaves examines and feels leaves to ascertain grade and class in piles and ties them together, keeping right and left of tobacco, and decides whether leaves are to be halves separate, and covers them with wet burlap. conditioned prior to further processing; keeps record May specialise in stripping a particular kind of leaf, of grades contained in each hogshead received. such as those used for filling or wrapping, and be designated accordingly. 741.30 Tobacco Blender. Mixes various grades and kinds of tobacco leaves in 7-81.60Tobacco Stripper (Machine). accordance with formula to form blend of distinctive Removes mid-ribs and stalks from tobacco leaves flavour: by machine: removes leaves of tobacco from each of several hogs- depresses foot treadle to start feed rollers in machine; heads; spreads leaves on trays and picks out those takes moistened leaf from pile; inserts one leaf at a unsuitable for desired blend; weighs out quantities of time between feed rollers of machine which strips each kind of leaf according to formula and mixes them mid-rib and stalk, and cuts leaves into halves; removes

184 7/8/9

7-81.70 - 7-89.20

leaves from machine, stacks them in piles, ties themleaves and sort them for colour and size; separate good together, keeping right and left halves separate, andbinder leaves from imperfect ones; lay wrappers on covers them with wet burlap; removes mid-ribs andcigar-making machine and patch leaves which have centre stalks from machine. holes in them; examine finished cigars for imperfections May clean and oilmachine. May specialise inand sort for colour and size. stripping particular kinds of leaves, such as those used forfillingor wrapping, and be designated 7-83Cigarette Makers accordingly. Workers in this unit group make cigarettes 7-81.70Tobacco-Cutting-Machine Operator. by machine or hand. Cuts tobacco leaves into coarse or fine shreds by machine: Their functions include: fills hopper of cutting machine with leaves; starts operatinganautomaticcigarette-making machine and watches cutting process to see thatmachine; machine is shredding tobacco correctly; makes minor adjustments to machine, such as tightening bolts making special types of cigarettes by hand; that hold knives in place and adjusting rollers. performing related tasks. May clean and oil machine and replace dull knives with sharpened ones. 7-83.20Cigarette Maker (Machine). Makes cigarettes by operating an automatic machine: 7-81.90Other Tobacco Preparers. feeds cut tobacco into hopper of machine; sets regu- This group includes tobacco preparers not elsewhere lating device for flow of tobacco so that cigarettes classified, for example those who prepare flavouring will contain correct amount; places bobbins of mixtures and treat tobacco with them; mix and fluff cigarette paper on holding spindle; threads paper cut or shredded tobacco in revolving cylinder; dry leaf through guide rolls; fills gum receptacle; sets device or cut tobacco in a heating device; cool tobacco as it to print trade name or mark; starts machine and comes from steamer or drying room. watches operations to see that tobacco is automatically drawn and wrapped in cigarette paper, forming 7-82Cigar Makers a continuous tube, and that tube of wrapped tobacco is cut into cigarettes at correct intervals; adjusts Workers in this unit group make cigars by friction tension on holding spindles and automatic hand or machine. sharpener;replacesfullcigarette-catchingtrays Their functions include: with empty ones. making complete cigars by hand or machine; May make cigarettes with tips of special material. performing related tasks. 7-83.90Other Cigarette Makers. 7-82.20Cigar Maker (Hand). This group includes cigarette makers not elsewhere classified, for example those who make special sizes Makes complete cigar by hand: and types of cigarettes by hand, or examine cigarettes tears or cuts section of binder leaf to desired size andfor proper filling, printing and gluing. lays it on table; takes filler tobacco and rolls it between the palms of both hands; lays rolled filler on binder and rolls them together to form bunch (inner part of 7-89Tobacco Preparers and Tobacco cigar); glues or twists end of binder to hold it in Product Makers Not Elsewhere Classified position; cuts wrapper leaf to desired size; lays bunch on wrapper and rolls them together; glues end of Workers in this unit group perform miscel- wrapper to hold it in place; presses cigars in mouldslaneous tobacco production tasks. after rolling to give them a finished shape. Their functions include: 7-82.30Cigar Maker (Machine). pulverising and blending tobacco to make Makes complete cigar by machine: snuff tobacco; spreads pre-cut binder leaf on breaker (rubberised making rolls or plugs of chewing tobacco by fabric apron) of machine; places filler tobacco on top of binder and presses foot treadle, causing breakerhand or machine; to roll filler and binder together and form the bunch preparing plugs of pipe tobacco; (inner part of cigar); removes bunch from machine inspecting packaged tobacco productsto and glues end of binder to hold it in place; cutsdetect defects; wrapper leaf to desired size, using die; places bunch in automatic rolling machine; feeds cut wrapper performing related tasks. into machine, which wraps it in spirals around bunch; presses cigars in moulds to give them a finished shape. 7-89.20Snuff Maker. May specialise in bunch making or wrapping and be Makes snuff tobacco by pulverising and blending designated accordingly. various types of tobacco with machines: places tobacco leaves, stalks and chopped tobacco 7-82.90Other Cigar Makers. in a bin, adds salt solution and allows mixture to This grasp includes cigar makers not elsewhere ferment for specified period; watches fermentation, classified, for example those who examine wrapper turning mixture occasionally;

185 7/8/9

7.89.90 - 7-91.30

toasts fermented tobacco on heated table, and pulver- 7-89.90Other Tobacco Preparers and Tobacco Products ises it to flour-like consistency in a grindling machine; Makers. sifts snuff flour through fine mesh-wireor cloth screens; blends various types of snuff in mixing This group includes other tobacco preparers and machine, according to formula, and adds aromatictobacco products makers not elsewhere classified, for oils or essences. example those who form plugs of chewing tobacco by May specialise in a particular snuff-makingprocess, hand; press plugs of chewing tobacco by machine; such as fermenting, grinding, sifting, or snuff blending,make plugs of tobacco which are to be sliced for making and be designated accordingly. pipe tobacco.

7-9 TAILORS, DRESSMAKERS, SEWERS, UPHOLSTERERS AND RELATEDWORKERS

Workers in this minor group make,or take part in making, garments, hats, gloves and other articles of textile, fur, leather and similar materials; upholsterfurniture and the interiors of vehicles and sew textile products for furniture and decoration.They are classified in the unit groups listed below: 7-91Tailors and Dressmakers. 7-92 Fur Tailors and Related Workers. 7-93Milliners and Hatmakers. 7-94 Patternmakers and Cutters. 7-95 Sewers and Embroiderers. 7-96Upholsterers and Related Workers. 7-99Tailors, Dressmakers, Sewers, Upholsterers and Related WorkersNot Elsewhere Classified. Workers who prepare and grade hides, skins and peltsare classified in minor group 7-6. Designers of new garment styles are classified in unitgroup 1-62.

7-91Tailors and Dressmakers 7-91.20Tailor, Made -to- Measure Garments. Workers in this unit group make complete Makes complete garments or performs themore difficult tasks in making and altering overcoats, suits, items of tailored clothing, dresses and otherskirts and other tailored garments (except fur garments) made-to-order garments (except fur garments),according to customer's requirements: perform the more difficult tasks in the manufac- measures customer for size; makes garment patterns ture of ready-to-wear garments, and alter and or alters standard pattern in accordance with customer's repair garments. measurements and requirements; marks out material and cuts it to pattern; sews and pads garment parts Their functions include: to give them shape and bastes them together; fits making overcoats, suits, skirts and similar basted garment on customer, marks parts requiring tailored garments to clients' individual require- alteration and corrects defects; sews parts perma- nently together by hand and machine and finishes ments; garment. performing the moredifficulthand- or May specialise in making one type or part of garment, machine-sewing tasks in the manufacture of or in altering clothing. ready-to-wear clothing; making complete dresses ; 7-91.30Tailor, Ready-to-Wear Garments. making complete shirts, blouses, lingerie and Performs the more difficult hand- or machine-sewing corsetry; tasks in the manufacture of ready-to-wear overcoats, altering, renovating and repairing garments. suits, skirts and other tailored clothing: bastes and sews canvas into coat parts prepared by Workers making fur garments are classified Garment cutter (except leather) (7-94.50); fits coat in unit group 7-92.Workers performing rou- collar facings to under-collar and sews them together; tine sewing operations, by handor machine, in bastes collar to coat and stitches them together; the manufacture of garments are classified in stitches shoulder padding, coat facing and lining together at the armholes; performs relatedtasks unit group 7-95. in szt)at, trouser, skirt and waistcoat manufacture.

186 7/8/9

7-91.40 - 7-93

May perform finishing operations by hand or machine. alters and renovates fur articles; estimates cost of new May specialise in a particular task or series of tasks articles and of altering, renovating and repairing used and be designated accordingly.May alter clothing articles. to fit individual customers or repair defective garments. 7-92.30Fur Patternmaker. 7-91.40Dressmaker. Prepares patterns and makes full-size canvas models Makes complete dresses and assimilated garments,of fur garments and other fur articles: and executes alterations and repairs: draws pattern on paper of new or renovated fur gar- measures customer for size; makes garment patterns ment or other fur article in accordance with design, or alters standard pattern in accordance with cus- for standard size or to suit individual customer's tomer's measurements and requirements; marks out measurements; makes canvas model according to material and cuts it to pattern; bastes garment parts pattern; checks pattern and model for accuracy and together,fitson customer and makes necessary makes necessary alterations; passes them to fur cutters alterations; sews parts together by hand and machine and finishers; examines completed article for defects. and finishes garment; alters and repairs dresses and Workers specialising in designing fur garments are assimilated garments. classified in unit group 1-62.

7-91.90Other Tailors and Dressmakers. 7-92.40 Fur Grader and Matcher. This group includestailors and dressmakers not Sorts, grades and matches furs for individual garments elsewhere classified, for example those specialising inor other articles: making shirts, blouses, lingerie or corset*, completely; grades furs according to colour, shading, size and taking customers' measurements;fitting men's and density; selects furs that match in size, colour, density women's ready-to-wear garments; examining garments and length of hair and makes them into single garment for finish and size and trimming loose threads. bundles ready for cutter. May specialise in one or more types of fur. 7-92Fur Tailors and Related Workers A worker grading pelts before or immediately after they have been dressed isclassified as Pelt grader Workers in this unit group make, alter, repair (7-62.20). and renovate garments and other articles of fur.7-92.50 Fur Cutter. Their functions include: Cuts fur according to pattern for making or repairing making complete fur garments or performinggarments or other articles: the more difficult tasks in making, altering, selects required number of furs; arranges furs on renovating and repairing fur garments and other pattern outlines, ensuring that parts to be joined together match in quality and colour; cuts furs to fur articles; required size and shape with hand knife. preparingpatterns and full-sizedcanvas May also perform some or all of the duties of Fur models of garments and other articles; grader and matcher (7-92.40) and Fur nailer (7-92.60). sorting, grading and matching furs prior to cutting end making them into garments or other7-92.60 Fur Nailer. articles; Stretches and trims dressed furs to conform to pattern cutting fur according to pattern for makingoutline of garment or other article: chalks outline of pattern on worktable; dampens skin and repairing garments or other articles; side of fur with water; places fur, skin side up, on stretching and trimming dressed furs to con- table, stretches it to cover outline and nails it in form to pattern outline of garments or other position; allows fur to dry in stretched position and articles; removes nails; chalks outline of paper pattern on reclaiming furs or skins from old coats, gluing skin side of fur and trims fur along outline with knife. fabric to interior of fur coats and trimming7-92.90Other Fur Tailors and Related Workers. blocked fur gam-tents. This group includes fur tailors and related workers not Workers who sew fur articles are classifiedelsewhere classified, for example those who rip old fur coats into strips to salvage furs or skins; glue fabric to in unit group 7-95. interior of fur coats to reinforce hide; or trim blocked fur garments to remove excess fur around chalk-marked 7-92.20Fur Tailor. pattern on inside of garment. Makes complete fur garment: 1r performs the more difficult tasks in making, altering, renovating and repair- 7-93Milliners and Hatmakers ing fur garments and other fur articles: grades, sorts, matches and prepares furs to be ilas I in Workers in this unit group make and finish waking or repairing particular fur garments or otherhats. fur articles; prepares patterns and cuts furs according Their functions include: to patterns; sews pieces together; stretches and trims sewn parts to conform to patterns; finishes garments making women's hats out of various materials or other articles by machine and hand sewing; repairs,such as felt, silk, velvet and straw;

187 FVT V,171,W4,1,,Pr,,,, 17.M71.17

7/8/9

7-93.20 - 7-94.70

operating a machine that stretches feltcones 7-94.20Garment Patternmaker. to form hat shapes; Draws and cuts out patterns of parts of suits,dresses, finishing and decorating hat formsor makingshirts, blouses, hats, caps and othergarments made from various kinds of headgear for specialpurposes. materials other than fur: Formers of fur-felt or wool-felt hoodsare studies sketches, models and measurementsof required garments; draws shapes of required parts inpaper, classified in unit group 7-59. canvas or other material; annotates drawings with code numbers, letters and markings to guide 7-93.20 cutters Milliner (General). and sewers; cuts out shapesor perforates their out- Makes women's hats completely, usinga variety of lines with tracing wheel to form requiredpatterns. materials such as felt, silk, velvet and straw: May have model made to testpattern and make makes own designs or copies existing designsand required adjustments. May also designgarments. models; marks out and cuts material accordingto Fur patternmaker is classified in 7-92.30.Workers pattern or own judgment; smooths, wires and blocksspecialising in designingnew styles for clothing are hat parts and sews them together by handor machine;classified in unit group 1-62. adds lining and trimming, decorates hatas required or according to own judgment; makes hat blocks and 7-94.30Hat and Cap Patteriunaker. hats for individual requirementsor stock; alters and renovates hats. Draws and cuts out patterns of parts of hatsand caps: performs tasks similar to those of Garmentpattern- 7-93.30Hat-Blocking-Machine Operator. maker (7-94.20), but specialises inpatterns of hats and caps. Operates machine that stretches feltcones to form hat shapes: 7-94.40Garment Marker. places felt cones in container of wateror on racks in steam room to condition cone; pulls conditionedcone Marks outlines of patternson cloth, light leathers, or onto hat block and positions block on holding device similar materials used in garment making: of machine; presses levers to close machinethat grasps arranges patterns on material to permit mosteconom- rim of cone and pulls rim outward to form brim;starts ical cutting, ensuring design will match indifferent ram that forces block upward into cone to shape parts of assembled garment; traces outlines ofpatterns c:rown; sprays or pours water over shapedcone to on material with chalk, crayon or soap; writes design stiffen it; releases lever andremoves hat from machine. number and size within the outlines. May also make guide for cutter byarranging and 7-93.90Other Milliners and Hatmakers. drawing outlines of patterns onpaper of same size as material to be cut. This group includes milliners and hatmakersnot elsewhere classified, for example those whospecialise in making cork and other sun helmets, silk hatsand other 7-94.50Garment Cutter, except Leather. headgear for special purposes; buffing or sanding hat Cuts single or multiple layers of material (other bodies to smooth and polish surface; trimminghat brims than to specified width. leather) into parts for makingup into clothing: holds material securely with hand andcuts around pattern or along markings on material usingshears 7-94 Patternmakers and Cutters or knife; cuts notches in edges of parts to mark parts Workers in this unitgroup make patterns for assembly. and mark and cut materials in the manufacture May make up layers of material and cut fabric into parts using portable electric cuttzr.May operate of garments, gloves and miscellaneousproducts machine which cuts by pressing shaped metal dies of textile and kindred materials andleather. through material.May be designated according to Their functions include: type of cutting appliance, material usedor garment cut. drawing and cutting out patterns formaking7-94.60Leather Garment Cutter. suits, dresses, shirts, blouses, hats andcaps and other garments ; Cuts leather into parts for making leathergarments: marking outlines of patterns examines leather for blemishes and qualityand to on cloth, light ensure that parts are cut out in the most suitable and leathers or similar materials to guidecutting; economical way; cuts leather according topatterns by cutting material (other than leather)according shears, scissors, hand knife, hand-operatedguillotine, to pattern outline, usually several layersat a power-driven oscillating knivesor machine which time, for making up intogarments and gloves; presses shaped dies through leather. May specialise in one ormore types of cutting and cutting leather into parts for makingleather be designated accordingly. garments and gloves; performing patternmaking, markingand cut-7-94.70 Glove Cutter, except Leather. ting tasks in the manufacture ofother products such as softfurnishings, canvas goods and Cuts material, other than leather, for glove making: umbrellas. cuts material by shears, scissors, hand-operated guillotine, power-driven oscillating knivesor machine

188 7r4,11-vrrn,

7/8/9

7-94.80 - 7-95.70

which presses shaped dies through material; trims 7-95.30Lealiber Garment Hand Sewer. finished gloves. Performs hand-sewing tasks in making and repairing May specialise in one or more types of cutting and be leather garments or gloves: designated accordingly. sews together leather parts or leather and fabric parts; 7-94.80Leather Glove Cutter. sews leather binding on edges of garments; sews linings and buttons to leather garments or gloves. Cuts leather for making leather gloves: May specialise in one or more of above hand-sewing dampens and stretches leather to locate flaws, ascertain tasks.May do decorative hand stitching on leather flexibility and most economical way of cutting; cuts garments or gloves. leather by shears, scissors, hand knife, hand-operated guillotine, power-driven oscillating knivesor a machine which presses shaped dies through leather; trims edges 7-95.40 Fur Hand Sewer. of finished gloves. Performs hand-sewing tasksinmaking,altering, May specialise in one or more types of cutting and be renovating and repairing fur garments and other fur designatcj accordingly. articles: sews furs together and sews bindings to edges of fur 7-94.90Other Patternmakers and Cutters. garments and other fur articles; sews into position This group includes patternmakers and cutters not padding for cuffs and collars, linings and interlinings elsewhere classified, for example those who make patterns, of fur garments; sews buttons, hooks and other or mark or cut materials, for making household linen, fastenings on fur garments. upholstery, mattresses, sails, awnings, tents and umbrellas. 7-95.50Sewing-Machine Operator. 7-95 Sewers and Embroiderers Operates standard or specialised single- or multiple- Workers in this unit group sew and embroider needle sewing machine in making, repairing or renovating garments, gloves and miscellaneous products in textiles garments, gloves and miscellaneous products ofand kindred materials: fur, textile and kindred materials. places bobbins of thread on machine; passes thread Their functions include: through machine guides and eye(s) of machine needle(s); adjusts machine according to sewing work performing various hand- and machine-sewing to be done; guides material under needle(s) and tasks in making, altering and repairing articles removes it when sewing is completed; replaces empty of textile and kindred materials, except those of bobbins and damaged needles. leather or fur: May be designated according to kind of sewing done sewing leather parts by hand in the manufac- or to type of machine used. ture and repair of garments or gloves; Machine embroiderer is classified in 7-95.70. performing one or more sewing tasks in the making, alteration, renovation and repair of7-95.60 Hand Embroiderer. garments and other articles of fur; Works decorative designs on garment parts or other materials by hand stitching: operating a standard or specialised, single- or fastens embroiderer's hoop or frame around area to multiple-needle sewing machine; be worked on; sews to pattern or own design, changing embroidering decorative designs on garment needles, types and colours of threads or type of stitch parts and other materials by machine; as required. performing other sewing and embroidering May mark outline of design on material before com- tasks. mencing embroidery. May specialise in one or more types of embroidery. 7-95.10 Hand and Machine Sewer (General). Performs various hand- and machine-sewing tasks in7-95.70 Machine Embroiderer. making, altering and repairing articles of textile and Reproduces ornamental designs on garment parts or kindred materials: other materials by use of standard or specialised single- sews by hand and machine in a factory, retail store, or multiple-needle sewing machine: hotel or other establishment in connection with the places bobbins of selected threads on machine; passes manufacture, renovation or repair of various articles threads through machine guides and the eye(s) of of textile and kindred materials. machine needle(s); adjusts machine for thread tension and type of stitch; arranges material in position for 7-95.20 Garment Hand Sewer (except Leather and Fur). stitching; guides material or sewing arm of machine Performs by hand one or more sewing tasks in making in accordance with design, or guides point of panto- or repairing garments, except those of leather or fur: graph on enlarged design; changes threads as required; sews visible stitching on high-grade garments; bastes replaces empty bobbins and damaged needles; removes parts together; stitches linings into position; sews on article when embroidering is completed. buttons and trimmings; ornaments garments with May mark outlines of design on material before decorative stitching other than embroidery. embroidery is started.May operate machine wItich May specialise in a particular task and be designated embroiders several articles or designs at the same time. accordingly. Crocheter (machine) is classified in 7-59.35.

189 7/8/9

7-95.90 - 7-99.90

7-95.90Other Sewers and Embroiderers. buttons on both sides of mattress cover and joins This group includes sewers and embroiderers not opposite buttons with sewing cord to give shape to elsewhere classified, for example those specialising in mattress; sews mattress border to side padding to hold hand-sewing such items as household linen, hats, caps, filling in position; gathers and stitches edges of upholstery, mattresses, sails, awnings, tents or umbrellas. mattress into roll to preserve shape of mattress. May make mattress covers and repair and rebuild 7-96 Upholsterers and Related Workers mattresses. Workers in this unit group upholster furniture,7-96.90 Other Upholsterers and Related Workers. make mattresses, make and installinterior This group includes upholsterers and related workers decorations of textiles, leather and similar ma-not elsewhere classified, for example those making terials, and perform related tasks. completely or fitting and installing curtains and pelmets, wall and furniture covers, quilts or other soft furnishings; Their functions include: those specialising in one operation on an assembly line installing, arranging and securing springs, for upholstering furniture frames, or for making mat- padding and covering material to furnituretresses; and those stripping upholstered furniture for frames; repair or renovation. installing covering and cushioning for seats 7-99 Tailors, Dressmakers, Sewers, and other furnishings on vehicles, such as motor Upholsterers and Related Workers Not cars, railway coaches and aircraft; Elsewhere Classified making mattresses by hand or machine; fitting and installing softfurnishings and Workers in this unit group perform various interior decorations of textiles, leather andtasks in the manufacture and repair of garments, similar materials. soft furnishing and related products, not per- Patternmakers and cutters are classified informed by those classified elsewhere. unit group 7-94 and Sewers and embroiderers Their functions include: in 7-95. making sails,tents, awnings and similar articles by hand or machine; 7-96.20Furniture Upholsterer. assembling and covering umbrellas; Installs, arranges and secures springs, padding and covering material to furniture frames: performing other tasks related to the foregoing. makes base for seats with canvas bands and burlap; 7-99.20Sail, Tent and Awning Maker. secures metal springs, sponge rubber, animal hair, cotton felt or other padding to seat, back, arms and Makes completely sails, tents, awnings and similar other parts of furniture; takes measurements and cuts products, by hand or machine: covering material to required shapes; sews parts examines drawings and specifications of required together or sends to sewer; aligns material, stretches product; selects and lays out material for cutting; cuts it over parts to be covered and nails, sews or cements material to required shapes by hand shears, metal it into position; repairs upholstered parts of worn punches or cutting machine; sews section of material furniture. together or passes work to sewer; attaches rope and May make loose cushions. May work with ready-cut metal fittings, such as eyelets. shapes. May take measurements, prepare drawings and write specifications, splice wire and rope, dress material 7-96.30Vehicle Upholsterer. with protective substances, assemble and mount awn- Fits and installs interior trim and seat cushioning and ing parts on frame for erection. covering in vehicles, such as motor cars, railway coaches and aircraft: 7-99.30 Umbrella Maker. takes measurements, or works from plans; prepares Assembles and covers umbrellas: and fixes sound- and draughtproofing materials to cuts covering material with shears according to pat- vehicle ceiling, door panels and other interior parts; terns; sews sections together on sewing machine; fits canvas or other base, padding and springs to seats; attaches covering to collapsible frame, using thread cuts final covering to required shapes and sews them and needle; fastens handle to frame and presses metal together (or passes them to sewer), or uses ready-cut tip on end of umbrella. and sewn shapes for seat covers and interior trim; May assemble and rivet parts of frame together and fits and installs seat covers and interior trim. repair umbrellas. May also fit and install floor covering, curtains and fabric roofs. 7-99.90Other Tailors, Dressmakers, Sewers, Uphol- sterers and Related Workers. 7-96.40Mattress Maker. This group includes tailors, dressmakers, sewers, Makes mattresses completely by hand or machine: upholsterers and related workers not elsewhere classified, arranges and fits springs, sponge rubber, animal hair,for example those making artificial flowers; making flock or other filling material inside mattress cover; decorative trimmingswith feathers;making hand- closes cover by sewing; evens out filling material byknotted carpets; making footwear mainly of rope or beating and hand smoothing; marks points for tuftingcanvas.

190 7/8/9

8-0 - 8-02.20

8-0 SHOEMAKERS AND LEATHER GOODSMAKERS

Workers in this minor group make and repair footwearmainly of leather and make saddles, harness and various other kinds of products fromleather or similar materials.They are classified in the unit groups listed below: 8-01Shoemakers and Shoe Repairers. 8-02 Shoe Cutters, Lasters, Sewers and Related Workers. 8-03 Leather Goods Makers.

Those making footwear of materials other than leatherare classified elsewhere.Workers making garments and gloves of leatherare classified in minor group 7-9.

8-01Shoemakers and Shoe Repairers stitching channel on new outer sole; putsnew sole in place and fixes it by nailing, handor machine Workers in this unit group make and repair sewing or using adhesive; builds up heel and fixes standard or special footwear, mainly of leather. it in place; patches and restitchesuppers if necessary; Their functions include: trims, stains and polishes new surfaces. making standard or orthopaedic footwear to May replace only part of sole and heel. individual requirements; 8-01.90 Other Shoemakers and Shoe Repairers. repairing leather footwear; This group includes shoemakers and shoerepairers making other special types of footwear to not elsewhere classified, for example those who specialise in making special types of footwear, suchas mountain order. boots, riding boots and ballet shoes. Workers who make footwear mainly ofrope or canvas are classified in unit group 7-99, wood 8-02Shoe Cutters, Lasters, Sewers in unit group 8 -19, rubber or plastics in unit and Related Workers r. group 9-01, and shoes of raffia, straw or similar materials in unit group 9-49. Workers in this unit group makeparts of shoes and perform specialised tasks in themanu- 8-01.10 Shoemaker, General. facture of shoes of leather and similarmaterials. Makes leather footwear to requirements of individual Their functions include: customers: measures feet and selects last; makes patterns, selects making patterns to guide the cutting ofshoe leather for upper parts and outlines patternon leather;parts; cuts out and trims parts by hand andsews them cutting out, preparing and fitting together together; punches eyelet holes and inserts eyelets;shoe parts; tacks insole to last and draws upperover last; shapes upper on last, folding bottom of upper over edge of sewing shoe parts together; insole and fixes them together; cuts stitching channel examining and finishing footwear; around edge of sole; fixes sole toupper; builds up performing related tasks. and fixes heels; trims and smooths footwearand applies inked wax or stain where required;inserts8-02.15 Shoe Pattenunaker. inner sole and applies final polish. Prepares patterns for use as guides in cuttingor trimming parts of footwear or in preparation ofcutting 8-01.20 Orthopaedic Footwear Maker. dies: Makes special leather footwear to individual require- makes pattern from drawingsor other specifications, ments of customers with foot or leg deformities: or by fitting pieces of paper over last to obtain contour; performs tasks similar to those of Shoemaker (general) cuts out metal, wood or millboard masterpatterns (8-01.10), but specialises in making shoes from by hand; inserts master patterns in machineand prescriptions, drawings or other specificationsto operates it to produce working patterns; binds edges correct foot or leg deformities. of working patterns with metal. May take necessary measurementsor plaster casts, May specialise in pattern cutting and bedesignated prepare drawings and use prepared uppers after accordingly. adapting them to requirements. 8-02.20Clicker Cutter (Machine). 8-01.30 Shoe Repairer. Operates press machine which cuts outupper parts Repairs leather and other footwear: of footwear: removes old outer soles and heels; cleans surfaces lays material on table of machine; selectscutting dies; where necessary; selects or cutsnew parts; cuts arranges dies on material to cut it economically and

191 7/8/9

8-02.25 - 8-03-20

avoid weaknesses; cuts out shoe parts by lowering arranges parts in position for sewing and guides parts press on to dies; removes cut-out parts from material. under needle; replaces empty spools and broken May specialise in part cut (for example linings) or needles. material used and be designated accordingly. May specialise in type of machine used (for example flat, cylinder, brake, or mackay machine) or parts 8-02.25 Shoe Cutter (Hand). sewn and be designated accordingly. Cuts out upper parts of footwear by hand: 8-02.55 Shoe Finisher. lays material on bench; selects working pattern of part and arranges it on material to cut it economically Examines and finishes footwear: and avoid weakness; cuts material around edges of trims edges of soles and heels and smooths surfaces; pattern with knife; removes cut-out part from material. irons in edges of soles, heels and uppers where required; May specialise in part cut or material used and be does ornamental nicking; applies inked wax, stain or designated accordingly. paint to sole and heel and polishes them. May specialise in one or more of the above operations 8-02.30 Uppers Preparer. (for example trimming or ironing) and be designated accordingly. Prepares and assembles upper parts of footwear for sewing: 8-02.90 Other Shoe Cutters,Lusters,Sewers and thins down edges of shoe upper parts by cutting or Related Workers. shaving them in machine; fixes parts together with This group includes shoe cutters, lasters, sewers and adhesive; trims edges and turns them in where required. related workers not elsewhere classified, for example May specialise in one of the above tasks (for examplethose who specialise in shaping some upper parts; thinning or trimming) and be designated accordingly.building up heels and fixing them to footwear; removing creases from uppers; giving final polish; sorting and 8-0235 Sole Pressman. matching footwear for size, grain and colour; inserting Operates press machine which cuts out soles ofthin inner sole in footwear. footwear: Shoe repairers are classified in unit group 8-01. lays material on table of machine; selects cutting dies and arranges them on material to cut it economically 8-03Leather Goods Makers and avoid weaknesses; cuts out soles by lowering press on to dies; removes cut soles from material. Workers in this unit group make and repair articles mainly of leather and similar materials 8-02.40 Sole Etter. (except shoes, garments and gloves). Prepares rough soles for assembling on last: Their functions include: sorts soles according to size, shape and type; adjusts making and repairing, by hand or machine, rollers of machine according to average thickness of groups; feeds individual sole parts into machine toarticles such as luggage, brief-cases and leather cut or level them to uniform thickness; trims parts novelties; to proper size; cuts stitching channel around edge making and repairing saddles and harnesses of outer sole. for use on animals; May specialise in one or more of above tasks (for cutting out, shaping and padding parts for example thinning or channel cutting) and be designatedmaking leather articles; accordingly. sewing and stitching leather parts by hand or 8-02.45 Laster. machine; Joins upper parts of footwear to insole in preparation assemblingleathergoodsandattaching for sewing together: fittings; places and tacks insole on last; fixes last in holding performing related tasks. jig; pulls upper onto last by machine to give it required shape; checks alignment of toe and heel of upper; 8-03.10Leather Goods Maker (General). fixes bottom of upper in pincers of machine which Makes, by hand and machine, a variety of products hold it evenly and closely over edge of insole; fixesconsisting mainly of real or artificial leather, such as folded part of upper to insole by operating tackinghandbags, wallets, luggage, brief cases, belting, footballs device or by spreading an adhesive solution alongand leather novelties: edge of insole. selects or prepares patterns and cuts materials; thins May specialise in one or more of above tasks and edges of leather and shapes parts; bores and punches be designated accordingly. holes; glues and sews parts together; rivets, trims and smooths parts where necessary; stains, polishes, 8-02.50 Shoe Sewer (Machine). embosses or otherwise treats leather; attaches metal Operates hand-, foot- or power-driven machine to parts and fittings. sew together parts of footwear: places spool of special thread on holding device and 8-03.20Saddler and Harness Maker. in shuttle of machine; passes thread through machine Makes, by hand or machine, saddles, collars and guides, or eye of needle; adjusts tension of thread;harness for use on horses and other animals:

192 .71,6 Wri-VTIA7,-;-4,7175-4".,

7/8/9

8-03.30 - 8-11.20

selects leather and cuts out parts of ',addle or harness; 8-03.50Leather Sewer, Machine. shapes, pads, rivets, trims and sews leather parts; punches or bores holes; stains leather to required Operates a hand-, foot- or power-driven machine to colour; fits metal parts. sew leather parts together to make a variety of products: May repair and ornament saddles or harness and places spool of thread on holding device and in upholster in leather. shuttle of machine; passes thread through machine guides and eye of needle; adjusts tension of thread; 8.03.30Leather Cutter. arranges parts in position for sewing; guides parts under needle; replaces empty spools and broken Cuts out leather parts for making a variety of products: needles. selects leather; lays it on bench and cuts out parts May make repairs to products. May specialise in by hand, using pattern and knife or shears, or lays particular type of machine or type of parts sewn it on table of guillotine or cutting press and cuts and be designated accordingly. by operating guillotine or press after fitting appropriate die. May specialise in cutting by hand or machine and803.60 Leather Goods Assembler. be designated accordingly. Assembles leather goods, such as luggage, handbags, belting and leather novelties: 8.03.40Leather Sewer, Hand. fixes together ready-made parts of leather goods; Sews leather parts together by hand to make a variety trims loose threads from inner seams of products, of products: using scissors; punches holes, staples and rivets parts marks off holes by measuring and pricking or by together and attaches metal, plastic and other fittings; using a sharp-toothed wheel; makes holes by punching applies liquid cement where necessary and presses or boring; pulls thread through holes with needle folds. or hooked instrument or pushes it through with a May do finishing sewing by hand or machine. pointed piece of wood or metal; repeats process in opposite direction with another thread or carries out both processes simultaneously; draws threads 8-03.90Other Leather Goods Makers. tight; repeats processes until work is completed. This group includes leather goods makers not else- May do repairs, treat thread with wax or otherwhere classified, for example those who specialise in material and do single-thread sewing. making fetlock covers, knee pads, spur fittings and whips.

8-1 CABINETMAKERS AND RELATED WOODWORKERS

Workers in this minor group make and repair wooden furniture, highly finished wooden fittings and similar objects, set and operate precision woodworking machines to saw, shape, plane, turn and carve wooden products and perform related woodworking tasks not elsewhere classified such as making wooden carts, wheels, patterns, models, casks, and smoking pipes.They are classified in the unit groups listed below: 8-11Cabinetmakers. 8-12 Woodworking Machine Operators. 8-19Cabinetmakers and Related Woodworkers Not Elsewhere Classified. Wicker furniture maker is classified in unit group 9-42; restorers working on wooden objects of artistic or historical value are classified in unit group 1-61; sawing-machine operators in sawmills and Veneer cutter are classified in unit group 7-32.

8-11Cabinetmakers studies drawings of articles to be made and marks off outline of parts on wood; shapes parts by opera- Workers in this unit group perform the more tions such as cutting, planing and turning; trims skilled tasks in the manufacture and repair joints to make them fit together snugly; glues joints, of wooden furniture, highly finished wooden fits parts together and clamps them until glue is dry; drives nails, dowels or screws through joints to fittings and similar objects. reinforce them; fits subassemblies and other parts together to form completed unit; finishes article, 8-11.20Cabinetmaker. attaching trim, applying veneer, stain or polish and Makes completely and repairs wooden articles, such installing hardware such as hinges and drawer pulls; as cabinets and furniture, using woodworking machines repairs and refashions high-grade articles of furniture. and hand tools: May make sketches or drawings of work to be done.

193 7/8/9

8-11.90 - 8-12.70

May specialise in making a particular type of product 8-12.30 Wood Turner. and be designated accordingly. Shapes pieces of wood rotating in a lathe, using hand 8-11.90Other Cabinetmakers. tools: marks centre points on ends of parts to be cut; This group includes cabinetmakers not elsewhere fixes wood in lathe and selects cutting tools; presses classified, for example those who make billiard tables, appropriate hand tools against the surface of rotating piano shells, small wooden casesfor jewellery and piece and shapes it according to drawings, specifica- instruments, clock cases and similar products. tions or own design; smooths piece with abrasives; checks shape with measuring instruments and removes 8-12 Woodworking Machine Operators piece from lathe. Workers in this unit group set and operate 8-12.40 Wood-Lathe Setter-Operator. woodworking machines, such as precision saw- Sets and operates automatic lathe which turns wooden ing, shaping, planing, turning and woodcarvingarticles from stock: machines. studies drawing; selects and fixes appropriate cutters Their functions include: and guides in machine and aligns them to approximate position; places stock in position between centres or setting and adjusting various kinds of machines in chuck; sees that shaping proceeds correctly; checks for operation by others; first piece by comparing it with drawing; readjusts operating previously set machines for the cutters as necessary and continues shaping; removes standardised production of wooder articles; turned piece from machine. setting and operating one or several types of May specialise in type of machine used and be woodworking machines. designated accordingly. 8-12.05 Woodworking Machine Setter (General). 8-12.50 Wood-Shaping-Machine Setter-Operator. Sets cutting tools in woodworking machines, such as Sets and operates machine which cuts designs of precision sawing, shaping, planing, turning and carvingirregular shape in the surface of straight, curved or machines and prepares them for operation by others: irregular pieces of wood: studies drawings or sample of product to be made selects cutting tools and fixes them in place; clamps by machine; selects appropriate tools and sets them a straight or curved guide to machine table; feeds on cutter head (chuck) in machine and adjusts guides; stock to rotating cutters, pressing it firmly against starts and operates machine to produce a specimen guide; removes completed work from machine. of finished product; checks specimen with drawing May shape stock, without using guide, by mani- or sample and, if necessary, readjusts setting of tools pulating it against cutters or by passing stock between or machine set-up. sets of cutters. 8-12.08 Woodworking Machine Operator (General). 8-12.60 Wood-Routing-Machine Setter-Operator. Operates previously set-up woodworking machines, Sets and operates machine which cuts depressions or such as precision sawing, shaping, planing, turning or designs of various shapes on wood: carving machines: clamps and tightens selected bit in chuck of machine; starts machine after it has been set up and prepared inserts guide pin in table and places jig in position; by setter; ensures machineis working correctly; adjusts table for depth of cut and sets table stops; positions pieces of wood in machine, or manipulates clamps stock in place on jig or fastens part securely wood forms to carry out various machining operations. to movable table; moves table horizontally or ver- tically and feeds stock into rotating bit or moves jig 8-12.10Woodworking Machine Setter-Operator in horizontal position around pin and under bit to (General). cut design. Sets up, prepares and operates woodworking ma- May work from drawings or sketches, operate machine chines, such as precision sawing, planing, turning, equipped with automatic device for varying depth shaping and carving machines: of cut, or make jigs for repetitive production. sets up and operates woodworking machines to cut and shape wood, performing tasks of specialised8-12.70 Wood-Planing-Machine Setter-Operator. woodworking-machine setter-operators, as described Sets and operates single or multiple cutting machine in definitions below. which planes surfaces and reduces thickness of wooden stock: 8-12.20Precision Sawyer. selects knives and fits them into cutter head; turns Sets and operates sawing machine which cuts stock handwheel to adjust table for depth of cut and to lumber to standard or desired shape: thickness of unplaned stock; adjusts pressure bar to marks outline of article to be made on surface of hold stock firmly against knives; inserts one end of wood; sets saw and adjusts or inserts end stops and stock between feed rolls and guides it through machine; gauges on table to desired length and width; passes measures planed stock and makes necessary adjust- wood into machine, regulating direction and speed ments; resets machine, turns stock over and repeats of saw along outline; removes cut wood from table. process if necessary; replaces dull or broken blades. May specialise in type of saw used and be designated May specialise in type of machine used and be accordingly. designated accordingly.

194 7/8/9

8 -12.80 - 8-19.50

8-12.80Wood-Spindle Carving-Machine Setter- 8-19.30Cooper. Operator. Makes or repairs wooden casks for holding wet or Sets and operates machine which carves artistic anddry goods, using hand or power tools: decorative designs on surface of pieces of wood: prepares staves by sawing, planing, bending and -7; studiesdrawing;selectsappropriatecutterand jointing; assembles staves into desired shape and attaches it to spindle; holds and manipulates piece draws together and levels ends; places and tightens against cutter to produce desired design. temporary hoops on partly assembled cask and May draw or trace outline of design on wood. May steams it to make wood pliable; bores, reams and operate copying machine which automatically repro- countersinks bunghole in a stave; cuts grooves in duces standard design on wood pieces. staves for croze and trims ends; makes cask heads by sawing,rounding,trimming andassembling 8-12.90Other Woodworking-Machine Operators. blanks; fits heads into croze and presses staves around This group includes woodworking-machine operators them; prepares and shapes wooden or metal riveted not elsewhere classified, for example those who operate hoops to precise fit; removes temporary hoops from mortising, universal and sanding machines. cask and replaces them by forcing permanent ones on it; smooths and finishes surface of cask; repairs defective casks by replacing broken staves, heads 8-19Cabinetmakers and Related Woodworkers and hoops and by closing leaking joints. Not Elsewhere Classified May coat interior of cask to prevent leakage and contact of liquid with wood and test cask for tightness Workers in this unit group perform various of joints.May construct or repair circular wooden woodworking tasks which are not performed by tanks for storing liquids. those classified elsewhere. Their functions include: 8-19.35 Wooden Pattern Maker. making and repairing wooden vehicles or parts Constructs wooden patterns, using hand or power of wooden vehicles; tools: studies drawings and specifications and lays out making and repairing articles of wood, such pattern on wood stock; shapes parts by sawing, as patterns, scale models and mock-ups, casks planing, chiselling and turning; fits and fastens parts or smoking pipes; together, using glue, nails and screws; trims and decorating furniture and fixtures by inlaying smooths patterns; repairs broken or damaged patterns. wood, applying veneer and carving designs; May construct wooden patterns used in forming finishing surfaces of wooden articles of furni- sand moulds for metal casting. ture; 8-19.40Wooden Model Maker. performing other woodworking tasks, such as marking wood to indicate where it must be cut Constructs to scale wooden reproductions of objects such as buildings, ships and aircraft, and constructs or shaped; making wooden sports equipmentfull-size models (mock-ups) of smaller objects, such as or shoes; and bending wood in steam. mechanical appliances, using hand or power tools: studies drawings or other specifications; selects and 8-19.20Coach-Body Builder. marks off materials; shapes parts by operations such Constructs and repairs wooden bodies of vehicles, as cutting, planing and turning; assembles and fits using hand and power tools: parts by gluing, nailing and screwing; checks measure- studies drawings or other specifications; builds frame- ments with calipers, rules and other instruments. work, lining, floors and other wooden parts; fits and May carve model. assembles various parts of vehicle on chassis; repairs decayed or damaged wooden parts of vehicle body. 8-19.45Wood Carver. May attach interior fittings, install glazing and repair or replace fabric tops. May specialise in type of Carves designs in wood for furniture, screens, panelling coach body made and be designated accordingly. and other uses, using hand tools: studies design required, or sketches own design; 8-19.25Cartwright. makes full-size pattern and marks out design on wood; clamps piece to work bench and cuts away wood Constructs and repairs wooden carts, wagons and along traced lines to make first cut; trims first cut wheels, using hand and power tools: with chisels and gouges to complete the design; cuts and shapes wood for body or to form hubs, touches up and finishes carving with appropriate tools. spokes and wheel rims according to drawings or other specifications; bolts, screws or nails wooden8-19.50Veneer Applier. parts together; reinforces cart and wagon body with braces and brackets and shrinks iron tire into rim Faces parts of wooden furniture with veneer: of wheel or fits rubber tire; shapes axles and fixes selects from stock veneers with matching grain; cuts them to body and mounts wheels; repairs or replaces pieces to required shapes and dimensions by hand worn or damaged parts. or power tools; glues veneer on surface of fumitut e May paint wooden wagons and wheels. May spe- parts; places the glued piece under pressure and cialise in making and repairing wooden wheels. removes it when glue has set.

195 7,07.101,7.7,7fr

7/8/9

8-19.55 - 8-20.30

8-19.55Wooden Furniture Finisher. May make stem and mouthpiece in one piece, carve Finishes or refinishes surface of wooden furniture bowl, or repair pipes or holders by replacing burnt and fittings: or cracked bowl or fitting new mouthpiece. prepares surface by filling cracks and nicks and smooth- 8-19.65 Marquetry Inlayer. ing it; applies coats of stain, sealer, filler, lacquer, varnish or other finishing materials to surface; smooths Prepares and inlays ornamental wood to form deco- surface between coats and rubs down final coat to rative designs in furniture: desired finish; repairs defects in the finish ofcom- traces on wood, from prepared designs, outlines of pleted article; removes old finish before refinishing shapes to be inlaid; shapes inlay pieces with band wooden furniture and fittings. saw or knife; cuts surrounds to receive inlays; applies May apply decorative designs to furniture. adhesive substance,insertsshapesaccordingto design, allows marquetry to set and smooths surface. 8-19.60 May use materials other than wood, work on articles Smoking-Pipe Maker. other than furniture, and sharpen tools. Makes smoking pipes and cigar and cigarette holders in wood and kindred materials, using hand orpower 8-19.90 Other CabinetmakersandRelatedWood- tools: workers. selects materials to be used; cuts and shapes stem This group includes other cabinetmakers and related and mouthpiece and inside and outside of bowl; woodworkers not elsewhere classified, for example those drills stem and mouthpiece; fits stem into mouthpiecemarking wood to indicate where it must be cut or shaped; and checks it for alignment; completes final shape ofmaking wooden sports goods, such as skis,tennis bowl and stem by filing; removes turning and filingracquets, hockey sticks and gymnastic apparatus; mak- marks from stem, mouthpiece and bowl and polishes ing coffins; making wooden shoes; bending wooden them before staining; stains bowl and stem andparts in steam by hand or machine; assembling wooden gives final exterior finish. products.

8-2 STONE CUTTERS AND CARVERS

Workers in this minor group cut and shape stone for building, monumental andornamental purposes.They are classified in the unit group mentioned below: 8-29Stone Cutters and Carvers. Sculptor is classified in 1-61.20; Marble setter and Stonemasonare classified in 9-51; Stone splitter working at quarry site in 7-12.20; and Lithographic stoneengraver in 9-24.15.

8-20 Stone Cutters and Carvers for monuments, memorials or decorative facings Workers in this unit group cut, shape andon buildings; finish granite, limestone, marble, sandstone and performing various other tasks related to the other stones for building, ornamental, monu-foregoing. mental and other purposes. 8-20.20 Stone Cutter and Finisher. Their functions include: setting, and operating machines which cut, Sets and operates machines which cut, saw, plane, grind and polish building and monumental stone, per- saw, plane, grind and polish building andforming any one or combination of the following tasks: monumental stone; cuts and shapes building and monumental stone selecting and grading blocks of stone; such as granite, marble and freestone, from rough making patterns and marking shapes on stone blocksorslabs using Dower and handtools; saws lame, blecks of building and monumental for subsequent sawing, planing, drilling and stone into slabs or smaller blocks with machine saw; other dressing and cutting operations; shapes and smooths surfaces of blocks or slabs of setting and operating lathes to cut and polish stone on stone planer; smooths rough-sawn surfaces stone columns, pillars and other cylindrical of stone blocks or slabs on a grinding machinepre- shapes; paratory to polishing; polishes surfaces of blocks or slabs of stone, such as marble or granite, to lustrous cutting incised or raised numbers or letters on finish by machine. stones; carving figures or designs in relief on blocks8-20.30 Stone Grader. or slabs of stone; Selects blocks of granite, marble or other stone carving simple designs on stone blocks usedaccording to order specifications:

196 77-17=7,11,77ST,

7/8/9

8-20.40 - 8-3

fill with lead studies order specifications; examines stock inyard May paint or gild incised lettering or and selects blocks, making choice throughknowledge by hammering. of colour and quality of standard gradingsamples; orders from quarry if type and qualityof stone 8-20.70Stone Carver (Hand). required is not in stock; makes preliminary marking slabs on blocks to guide cutting. Carves figures or designs in relief on blocks or of stone with pneumatic and other hand tools: 8-20.40flonework Layout Man. lays out figure or design on stone surface byfreehand sketching, with drawing instruments, by meansof Makes patterns and marks shapes on stonefor model; dressing tracing paper or by taking measurements from subsequent sawing, planing, drilling and other carves work roughly alongoutline with pneumatic and cutting operations: hammer and cutting chisels of various shapes; carves marks off pattern on sheet metal according tospecifi- work to final shape with smaller pneumatichammer cations; cuts pattern into sections and marksthese and finishing chisels or with mallet and handchisel; for identification; measures blocks and marksthem checks work frequently against specificationsor for most economical cut, using rule, straight-edge model; finishes surface with a rubbing stone. and crayon; lays pattern on stone, centresit, and May carve numbers and letters and create own traces outline on surface. designs. May design layout and cut stencils to beapplied to the face of monumental stones preparatory tosand- blasting. 8-20.80 Monumeat Carver-Setter: Carves out simple designs on stone blocks usedfor 8-20.50Stone Lathe Operator. monuments, memorials or decorative facings onbuild- Sets and operates lathes to cut andpolish stoneings, and sets stones in the erection of monuments columns, pillars and other cylindrical shapes: and memorials: drafting directs mounting of stone between centres oflathe marks off designs on stone surface with which support and rotate stone during cutting or instruments and by means of pattern or tracing paper; polishing operations; mounts and adjusts cuttingtool chisels narrow groove along lines of marking and cuts unwanted stone away roughly to desired depth,using or grinding and polishingwheels on machine carriage and starts machine to rotate stone; opensvalve to pneumatic and other hand tools; levels and smooths new surface; carves design tofinal shape and smooth- supply cooling water for cutting tool orpolishing stone in the erection wheel and moves carriage against and alongrotating ness with finishing tools; sets cutting or of monuments and memorials, aligning andlevelling stone; measures stone frequently during and trowel. polishing operation to obtain or maintaindesired stone and futistiit4 joints using mortar dimensions; directs removal of stone from lathe. May cut letters on stones. May cut designs in stone, using special tools.May operate particular kind of lathe and bedesignated8-20.90Other Stone Cutters and Carvers. accordingly. This group includes stone cutters and carvers not elsewhere classified, for example those who specialisein 8-20.60Stone Letter Cutter (Hand). cutting lettering and designs on stones bydirecting a Cuts incised or raised numbers or letters on stonesblast of sand or shot against surfaces left exposedby a with pneumatic and other hand tools: stencil on the stone face; operating machineswith places or directs placing of stone in workingposition;specially shaped abrasive wheels for cuttingmouldings, pastes paper bearing the letters, or traces patternofgrooves, panels and other decorativedesigns in stone letters, on stone surface; outlines tracing in stoneblocks; polishing curved and irregular surfacesof blocks roughsor slabs of stone to alustrous finish by hand; drilling with small pneumatic hammer and chisel; for out incised tracing or cuts awaybackground of raisedholes in finished slabs and blocks of building stone tracing; shapes and finishes letters to exactoutline, insertion of wires or rods for mounting andfastening using small chisels and mallet. purposes.

8-3 BLACKSMITHS, TOOLMAKERSAND MACHINE-TOOL OPERATORS

Workers in this minor group hammer andforge metal by hand or machine, make tools,dies, patterns and other metal articles, usinghand and machine tools, set up metal-cuttingmachine tools, operate machine tools set upfor repetitive work, grind, and sharpen toolsand perform various metalworking tasks not performed by workersclassified elsewhere.They are classified in the unit groups listed below: 8-31Blacksmiths, Hammersmiths and Forging-PressOperators. 8-32 Toolmakers, Metal Patternmakersand Metal Markers. 8-33 Machine-Tool Setter-Operators.

197 7/8/9

8-31 - 8-32

8-34Machine-Tool Operators. 8-35Metal Grinders, Polishers and ToolSharpeners. 8-39Blacksmiths, Toolmakers and Machine-ToolOperators Not Elsewhere Classified. Machinery fitters and machine assemblersare classified in unit group 8-41 ; Precision instrument makers in 8-42; Electrical fitters in8-51; and Electronics fitters in 8-52.

8-31Blacksmiths, Hammersmiths 8-31.30 Drop-Hammer Operator. and Forging-Press Operators Operates closed-die drop-hammer to forge metal Workers in this unit group hammer andforgearticles: bars, rods, ingots and plates of iron, steel installs and aligns dies on ram and anvil of machine or using scale, rule, square, feelers, shims and hand other metal to make various kindsof tools, tools; directs removal of heated workpiece from metal articles, pieces of equipment, agricultural furnace; positions workpiece on lower die andmoves implements and shoes foruse on animals. controls causing ram to strike metal repeatedly, forcing it to shape of die impressions;moves work- Their functions include: piece through series of dies to attain progressively heating metal in forge-furnace and fabricat- finer detail. ing and repairing articles by cutting, hammering May forge cold metal. metal on an anvil, punching, shearing, joining and hardening or tempering; 8-31.40Forging-Press Operator. Operates a power-press machine equipped with closed shaping heated metal into forgingson power dies to forge metal articles: hammer equipped with open dies; installs and aligns dies on ram and anvil ofpress operating closed-die drop-hammer to forge using gauges, feelers, shims and hand tools;sets metal articles; controls to specified pressure and depth ofram operating a power-presi machine equipped stroke; removes metal from furnace when colour with closed dies to forge metal articles; indicates it has reached proper forging temperature; positions metal on lower die andmoves control to performing other tasks related to blacksmith- lower ram that compresses metal to shape ofdie ing, hammersmithing andpower-press forging. impressions. 8-31.10Blacksmith (General). 8-31.90Other Blacksmiths, Hammersmiths and Forging- Forges and repairs articles of iron and steel, suchas Press Operators. hand tools, hooks, chains, agricultural implements and This group includes blacksmiths, hammersmithsand metal structural parts, using handor power hammers:forging-press operators not classifiedelsewhere,for selects metal and heats it in a small furnace; places example those hammering, cutting, shaping and punching metal on anvil and shapes it by hammering, cuttingmetal pieces as directed by blacksmith; startingand and punching; reheats parts, adds flux, and joinsstopping power hammers on instructions of blacksmith them by hammering; hardens and tempers metal or hanunerstnith; adjusting pressure of forgingpress on pieces or articles; repairs metal articles by forging. instructions of forging-press operator. May specialise in type of work done, for example making and repairing agric 'tural implements,orna- 8-32Toolmakers, Metal Pattern Makers mental ironwork, dies and edged tools suchas chisels, and Metal Markers axes and scythes; repairing mine and quarry equipment and tools; making and fitting shoes to animals Workers in this unit group make tools, dies, or making link chains, and be designated accordingly. patterns and other metal articles, using hand 8-31.20 Hammersmith. and machine tools to work metal to finetoler- ances. Shapes heated metal into forgingson power hammer equipped with open dies: Their functions include: installs and aligns dies on ram and anvil of machine; making, maintaining and repairing dies, jigs, observes colour of metal in furnace to determine ifgauges and fixtures, using hand tools and metal hasreachedforgingtemperature;directs removal of metal from furnace and positioning ofvarious kinds of machine tools; metal on anvil of machine; starts machine andregu- fitting and assembling parts to makeand lates action of hammer or signals helper to mani-repair jigs, fixtures andgauges; pulate hammer controls; varies length and force of making and repairing metal hammer stroke according to type of metalor nature patterns for of article being forged; measures forging toensure preparation of foundry moulds; that it conforms with work order, diagramor other laying out lines and reference pointson specifications. metal stock to guide other workers whocut, May forge cold metal. turn, mill, grind or otherwise shape metal;

198 7/8/9

8-32.20 - 8-33.20

performing other tasks related to the manu- 8-32.90Other Toolmakers, Metal Patternmakers and facture of tools, dies and patterns. Metal Markers. This group includes toolmakers, metal patternmakers Workers making metal patterns by mouldingand metal markers not elsewhere classified, for example and casting processes are classified in minorthose who set industrial diamonds in grinding tools or group 7-2. in diamond-pointed cutting tools. 8-32.20 Tool and Die Maker. 8-33Machine-Tool Setter-Operators Fits and assembles parts to make and repair metal- Workers in this unit group set, or set and working dies, cutting tools, jigs, fixtures, gauges, and machinists' hand tools: operate, metal-cutting machines working to studies drawings, models and other specifications,fine tolerances. computes dimensions, plans layout and assembly Their functions include: operations; measures and marks metal stock for machining; sets and operates machine tools to cut, setting up one or more types of machine tools turn, mill, grind or otherwise shape metal to prescribed for operators to produce metal articlesin dimensions; assembles parts and verifies dimensions,standardised series; alignments and clearances, using dial indicators, setting and operating a variety of machine gauge blocks, thickness gauges and micrometers; heat treats tools or parts; dismantles worn or defectivetools; tools, dies, and fixtures and repairs or replaces parts. setting and operating a particular type of May design tools, jigs and other fixtures and brazemetalworking machine such as a lathe, milling, or weld parts.May specialise in making dies forplaning, boring, drilling, grinding or honing forging, stamping, die-casting and wire drawing, ormachine, including multi-purpose numerically moulds for injection or compression moulding of plastic products, and be designated accordingly. controlled metalworking machines; performing similar tasks in machining of 8-32.30Jig and Gauge Maker. plastics and other metal substitutes. Lays out, fits and assembles parts to make and repair jigs, fixtures and gauges: 8-33.05 Metalworking Machine Setter (General). studies drawings and other specifications to plan Sets up various types of power-driven precision layout and assembly procedures; measures and marksmetal-cutting machines for machine operators: metal stock for machining; sets and operates machines examines drawings and other specifications and to cut, drill or otherwise shape metal stock; assembles determines sequence of operations to be carried out; parts using hand tools and verifies dimensions and measures and marks necessary referencepoints; alignments using measuring instruments. fastens cutting tool(s) in position on machine, using chucks, jigs and other fixtures as required; adjusts 8-32.40 Metal Pattern Maker (Foundry). machine table, guides, stops and other controls to Makes and repairs metal patterns used in making ensure tool(s) will cut or grind metalaccording to foundry moulds: specifications; selects speed for rotary or other studies drawings and other specifications of pattern; movement of workpiece or of cutting tool(s); starts selects metal of approximately the size required and and operates machine to obtain sample; checks work marks it for machining; grinds, smooths and other- with measuring instruments and makes necessary wise shapes metal to required dimensions with machine adjustments to machine setting; changes tools and or hand tools; assembles pattern parts byscrewing, resets machine for operator as necessary. soldering or other methods and verifies dimensions, alignments and clearances using measuring instru-8-33.10 Metalworking Machine Setter-Operator ments; tests completed pattern for accuracy and (General). makes necessaryalterations;repairsbroken or Sets up and operates a variety of power-driven preci- damaged patterns. sion metal-cutting machines: 8-32.50 Metal Marker. sets up a variety of machine tools, such aslathes, milling planing and boring machines as described Lays out lines and reference points on metal stock underMetalworkingmachinesetter(general) to guide workers who cut, turn, mill, grind or otherwise (8-33.05) and operates different machines, according shape metal: to the work to be done, as described in the relevant studies drawings and other specifications and plans definitions in unit group 8-34. layout; examines workpiece and establishes reference points and computes ,layout dimensions, using measur- 8-33.20 Lathe Setter-Operator. ing instruments such as rulers, squares, gauges and Sets up and operates a power-driven metalworking micrometers; indents reference points with centre lathe: punch and hammer and marks layout lines, using examines drawings and specifications of part to be surface gauge, straight-edge, compass, templates. made; fastens metal and tools in position on lathe May coat surface of metal with chalk, paint or similar using chucks, jigs and other fixtures as required; material prior to marking. adjusts guides and stops; sets rotation speed of metal Sheet-metal marker is classified in 8-73.20 and Struc- and starts machine; manipulates hand wheels, or .tural metal marker in 8-74.20. sets and starts automatic controls, to guidecutting

199 7/8/9

8-33.30 - 8-33.90

tool into or along metal; controls flow of lubricant speed of tool and starts machine; moves lever to on edges of tools; checks progress of cutting with feed tool into workpiece, or sets and starts automatic measuring instruments and makes necessary adjust- controls, to guide tool into metal; controls flow of ments to machine setting. lubricant on edge of tool; changes drill or reamer May specialise in a particular type of lathe and be and position of metal as required; checks progress of designated accordingly. cutting and makes necessary adjustments to machine setting. 8-3330Milling-Machine Setter-Operator. May specialise in a particular type of drilling machine Sets up and operates a power-driven machine which and be designated accordingly. cuts metal with a multi-toothed rotary cutter: examines drawings and other specifications of part8-33.70Precision-Grinding-Machine Setter-Operator. to be made; fastens metal on machine table with Sets up and operates a power-driven machine which bolts, clamps or other fixtures; selects and fits rotarygrinds and smooths metal surfaces to close tolerances cutter to machine; selects rotation speed of cutterwith a grinding wheel: and starts machine; manipulates handwheels, or sets examines drawings and specifications of part to be and starts automatic controls, to feed cutter to metal made; fastens metal on machine using chucks, clamps, or metal to cutter; controls flow of lubricant on cutter; jigs, fixtures or places it in position on magnetic changes cutter and position of metal as required; table; selects grinding wheel and fixes it to machine; checks progress of cutting with measuring instruments adjusts machine table, guides, stops and other controls and makes necessary adjustments to machine setting. to determine direction and limit of grinding wheel May lay out lines and reference points on metal movements; selects rotation speed of wheel and prior to cutting. May specialise in a particular type starts machine; manipulates handwheels, or sets of milling machine and be designated accordingly. automatic controls, to regulate grinding; changes grinding wheel and position of metal as required; 8-33.40Planing-Machine Setter-Operator. checks progress of grinding with measuring instru- Sets up and operates a power-driven machine in ments and makes necessary adjustments to machine which a cutting tool is guided into metal fixed to a setting. reciprocating table: May specialise in a particular type of precision- examines drawings and other specifications of part to grinding machine and be designated accordingly. be made; fastens metal in position on machine table with bolts, clamps or other fixtures; selects cutting8-33.80Honing-Machine Setter-Operator. tool and fixes it to machine; adjusts guides, stops Sets and operates vertical or horizontal honing and controls to determine speed and limits of tablemachine to hone internal or external surfaces of metal movement; starts machine and manipulates hand-objects: wheels, or sets and starts automatic controls, to guide positions and secures workpiece on machine table, tool into and across metal; checks cutting with measur- using squares, rules, micrometer and hand tools; ing instruments and makes necessary adjustments to installs specified tool in machine spindle; sets tool- machine setting. feed rate and spindle speed; sets stops to control May lay out lines and reference points on metal length of stroke and depth of cut; starts machine prior to cutting.May specialise in a particular type and turns handwheels or engages automatic mecha- of planing machine and be designated accordingly. nism to feed and oscillate tool along workpiece; turns valve handle to regulate and direct flow of 8-33.50Boring-Machine Setter-Operator. coolant against tool and workpiece; measures honed Sets up and operates a power-driven machine in workpiece for conformance to specifications using which cylindrical holes in metal objects are aligned and preset gauges and micrometers. enlarged by a rotating cutting tool: examines drawings and other specifications of part 8-33.85Ntnnericsd-Control-Machine Setter-Operator. to be made; fastens metal in position on machine Sets up and operates magnetic or punched-tape- table, using jigs and other fixtures as required; selects controlled machine tools that automatically mill, drill, and installs cutting tool(s) in machine spindle(s);broach and ream metal parts: adjusts machine table, guides, stops and other controls; bolts fixture to machine bed and positions metal on selects rotation speed of tool and starts machine; fixture; assembles cutting tools in tool-holder and manipulates handwheels, or sets and starts automatic positions tools in machine spindles; places control controls, to feed tool into metal; controls flow of tape in reading magazine; turns index of cutting tool lubricant to tool; checks progress of cutting with dials to specified set point, turns switches to operat- measuring instruments and makes necessary adjusting position and starts machine; changes cutting tools, ments to machine setting. location of clamps and repositions metal on fixture May drill holes prior to boring and sharpen tools. as required; observes machine operation, checks May specialise in a particular type of boring machine accuracy of machining against drawings or other and be designated accordingly. specifications and reports programming inaccuracies. 8-33.60Drilling-Machine Setter-Operator. May adjust machine feed and speed when automatic programming is faulty or if machine malfunctions. Sets up and operates a power-driven machine which drills and reams holes in metal: 8-33.90Other Machine-Tool Setter-Operators. examines drawings and other specifications; selects This group includes machine-tool setter-operators drill or reamer and fixes it in machine chuck; fastens who are not classified elsewhere, for example those who metal in position on table, using jigs and other fixtures set and operate shaping machines or machine tools as required; adjusts guides and stops; selects rotationeffecting several different types of metal cutting.

200 7/8/9

8.34 - 8-34.90

8-34Machine-Tool Operators aligned and enlarged to required size by a rotating cutting tool: Workers in this unit group operate automatic performs tasks similar tothoseof Machine-tool or semi-automatic metalworking machines which operator (general) (8-34.10) but operates an auto- have been set up by machine setters to execute matic or semi-automatic boring machine. repetitive work. May be designated according to type of boring machine operated. Their functions include : operating and tending a variety of machine 8-34.60 Drilling-Machine Operator. tools; Operates a power-driven machine, set up for repetitive operating a machine tool such as a lathe,work, to drill or ream single or multiple holes in metal: performs tasks similar tothose of Machine-tool milling,planing,boring,drilling,grinding, operator (general) (8-34.10) but operates an auto- honing or metal-sawing machine; matic or semi-automatic drilling machine. operating a special type of machine tool such May be designated according to type of drilling as automatic transfer machine or programmed machine operated. metalworking machine. 8-34.65Precision-Grinding-Machine Operator. 8-34.10Machine-Tool Operator (General). Operates a power-driven precision metal-grinding machine, set up for repetitive work: Operates various types of automatic or semi-automatic power-driven metal-cutting, boring and grinding performs tasks similar to those of Machine-tool machines which have been set up for repetitive work: operator (general) (8-34.10) but operates an automatic or semi-automatic precision-grinding machine. fastens metal in chuck, jig or other fixture on machine; starts machine and, if the action is not completely May be designated according to type of precision- automatic, manipulates handwheels to feed tool to grinding machine operated. metal or metal to -tool; observes progress of cutting,8-34.70 Honing-Machine Operator. and stops machine and calls machine setter in the event of a malfunction; stops machine when cutting Operates previously set up honing machine to hone is completed (if the machine is not fully automatic)internal and external surfaces of metal parts, such as and withdraws part; checks accuracy of work with cylinders, bearings or connecting rods: measuring instruments; cleans and oils machine. performs tasks similar to those of Machine-tool operator (general) (8-34.10) but operates an auto- 8-34.20 Lathe Liperator. matic or semi-automatic honing machine. Operates a power-driven metal-cutting lathe set up8-34.75 Metal-Sawing-Machine Operator. for repetitive work: Operates a power-driven saw, such as hacksaw, band- performs tasks similar to those of Machine-toolsaw or friction saw to cut straight, curved or irregular operator (generd) (8-34.10) but operates an auto-shaped parts from metal: matic or semi-automatic lathe. studies work order for specifications, such as material, May be designated according to type of lathe oper- type and size of stock, and dimensions to be cut; ated or kind of parts made. measures metal and marks line of cut with chalk or scriber; positions stock on machine and selects and 8-34.30 Milling-Machine Operator. installs appropriate saw blade for work to be per- Operates a power-driven machine which cuts metal formed; sets guides, stops and saw blade tension; with a multi-toothed rotary cutter and has been set up starts machine and guides stock into blade. for repetitive work: May turn valves to direct compressed air to clear performs tasks similar to those of Machine-tool cutting area or direct flow of coolant against blade operator (general) (8-34.10) but operates an auto- and workpiece. matic or semi-automatic milling machine. May be designated according to type of milling8-34.80 Automatic Transfer-Machine Operator. machine operated. Operates transfer machine consisting of series of machines connected by mechanism that automatically 8-34.40Planing-Machine Operator. transfers workpieces and performs series of machining operations, such as drilling, boring, tapping, and milling: Operates a power-driven planing machine which lifts workpiece and places it on holding device; planes metal fixed to a reciprocating table and has been pushes holding device along track into clamping set up for repetitive work: station, and starts mechanism to clamp workpiece performs tasks similar to those of Machine-tool and transfer it to work stations; inspects machined operator (general) (8-34.10) but operates an auto- workpieces for defects and accuracy, using measuring matic or semi-automatic planing machine. instruments; changes tools when required; moves May be designated according to type of planing derailed holding device back into position; reports machine operated. machine failure or serious malfunction to supervisor. 8-34.50Boring-Machine Operator. 8-34.90Other Machine-Tool Operators. Operates a power-driven machine set up for repetitive This group includes machine-tool operators not work, in which cylindrical holes in metal parts areclassified elsewhere, for example those who operate

201 7/8/9

8-35 - 8-39

shaping machines, gear hobbing machines or tend as necessary to obtain required cutting edge; machine automatically controlled bymagnetic or punched removes tape programmes. burrs from ground edge withwhetstone. May temper sharpened instruments. 8-35 Metal Grinders, Polishers 8-35.50 Saw Repairer and Sharpener. and Tool Sharpeners Repairs, sets and sharpens hand,circular and band- Workers in this unitgroup grind and polishsaws: metal surfaces and sharpen tools. cuts broken teeth from band-saws byshearing out section of blade; joins ends ofband-saws by bevelling I Their functions include: ends and weldingor brazing them together; brazes operating stationaryor portable buffing and or welds cracks in saw blades;removes dents, twists polishing machines; and kinks in blades byhammering; sets teeth at correct angle for cutting, using hammerand swage sharpening cutting tools usingmechanically or special pliers; clamps saw blade insharpening operated grinding machine; machine; sets and starts machineso that each saw sharpening cutting instruments, such tooth is ground in turn;removes sharpened blade as knives and gives final finish with hand and surgical implements, bymeans of grinding tools. wheel; May trim circumference fromdamaged circular saws and cut new teeth. May sharpensaws by hand. repairing,adjusting and sharpeningsaw blades; 8-35.60Textile Card Grinder. sharpening metal teeth of cylindersin textile Repairs and sharpens the metalteeth of textile carding carding machines; machines: performing various othermetal grinding, discovers, removes and cleans damagedteeth; chooses polishing and tool sharpening emery wheel and fixes it in machine; startsmachine tasks. and sees that shaipening is correctly Precision-grinding-machine setter-operator carried out; is stops machine and withdraws teeth whenoperation classified in8-33.70 and Precision-grinding- is finished. machine operator in 8-34.65. May carry out operation withoutremoving teeth needing repair by attachingemery wheel to carding 8-35.20Buffing- and Polishing-Machine Operator. machine. May work with hand tools.May maintain carding machine. Operates a fixed or portable machinefor buffing and polishing metal: 8-35.90 Other Metal Grinders,Polishers and Tool selects and attaches appropriatebuffing or polishing Sharpeners. wheel to machine; applieswax or other dressing to wheel if required; starts machine This group includes metal grinders,polishers and tool and holds metal atsharpeners not elsewhere classified,for example those various angles against rotatingwheel to removewho operate machines for straightening surface blemishes and obtaineven finish; changes and grinding wheel as necessary. toothed wheels; operate lappingmachines to lap surfaces of metal objects; polish metalby hand, and sharpen May finish work by hand. Mayclean objects inknives and scissors in thestreet on portable machines. chemical bath before polishing. 8-39 8-35.30 Tool Grinder, MachineTools. Blacksmiths, Toolmakers and Machine-Tool Operators Not Sharpens cutting tools used inmetalworking, woodworking and other machines bymeans of a power- Elsewhere Classified operated grinding wheel: Workers in this unitgroup perform various mounts cutting tool in fixtureon grinding machine;metalworking tasks not performedby workers sets fixture so that cutting edge of toolwill be groundclassified elsewhere. at correct bevel; starts grinding wheel;brings grinding wheel and edge of tool intocontact and sees that Their functions include: grinding is proceeding correctly;stops machine and adjusting, repairing and removes tool when grinding is completed;changes assembling sports grinding wheels and position oftool as required. guns and other small arms and locks; May give final finish to cuttingedge by hand. May operating a lathe topress sheet metal into work to close tolerances anduse precision measuringa desired shape; instruments. forming cold or heated metalpieces using 8-35.40Cutting Instruments Sharpener. hand tools, chucks and formingblocks; Sharpens knives, operating cutting, punchingand stamping surgical instruments and otherpresses, metal-bending machines, cutting instruments (exceptmachine tools) bymeans power shears of grinding wheel: and other machinesor equipment to cut or selects grinding wheel and fixes itin position; startsform metal; grinding wheel and holds edgeof instrument against making metal articles suchas springs, cables, it; observes and checks grinding,moving instrumentnails, bolts and steel needles. 202 7/8/9

8-39.20 - 8-4

8-39.20 Gunsmith. 8-39.60Metal-Press Operator. Repairs and modifies sports guns and other small Operates a power press (other than a forging press or steel-plate-bending machine)in which dies, punches arms according to customers' specifications: shape, notch or otherwise checks parts of gun such as barrel, firing mechanism, or other tools trim, punch, sights and stock for accuracy of fit;chisels,files, shape metal stock: scrapes and does othersupplementary tooling to places metal against stops and guides on stationary correct inaccuracies; assembles parts,attaches and die or machine bed to align it with machine tool; adjusts sights, and tests completed gun; replaces or operates security device if necessary and sets pressin repairs broken or worn parts; rebores barrels on motion for single or repetitive operations; releases boring machine to enlarge calibre and operates pressure and removes metal;checks accuracy of broaching machine to cut rifling in barrel of small arms. pieces made, using gauges and other measuring instruments. May make parts for guns. May periodically oil tool or metal beingshaped. adjust- 8-39.30 Locksmith. May set machine, change tools, make minor ments and clean and oil press.May operate several Assembles, installs and repairs locks: automatic presses simultaneously. May be designated examines lock parts to check accuracy of fit; chisels, according to type of press operated. files, scrapes and does other supplementary tooling Forging-press operator is classified in 8-31.40. to correct inaccuracies; assembles parts and tests completed lock; dismantles defective locks and repairs 8-39.70 Metal-Bending-Machine Operator. or replaces damaged parts; changeslock combinations by by making adjustments or inserting new tumblers; Bends steel plates or rods to desired curvature makes new or duplicate keys; opens jammed locks.means of a bending machine: examines drawings and other specifications; marks May make rock parts.May install locks. guidelines on plates; hoists plate or rod to level of machine rollers and inserts between top rollerand 8-39.40 Metal Spinner. two lower rollers; manipUlates handwheel or moves Rotates sheet-metal discs on a special machine (lathe) lever to lower top roller of machine onto plate; and presses hand tools against discs to shape them: starts machine to cause plate to be drawnbetween fixes to lathe spindle the chuck or the mould of part rollers to shape it into an arc; checks curvatureof to be made; selects sheet-metal disc, coatsit with plate, using templates; repeats bending, adjusting wax and clamps it to chuck; startsmachine to rotate rollers as required, until desired curvature is obtained. disc; presses tool against disc by hand to force it May flange edges of plates and straightendistorted to shape; smooths and trims spun part withhand plates or bars. May bend plates in a press. tools; removes completed part from machine. May measure, mark and cut out discs from sheet-8-39.80 Power-Shear Operator. metal stock and drill holes in discs prior to fitting Operates a power machine to cut hot or coldmetal them in lathe. objects such as slabs, billets, plates, bars, stripsand sheets to specified dimensions and angles: 8-39.50 Metal Former (Hand). lifts workpiece manually or by hoist or crane to Trims, bends and shapes sheet metal and metal rods machine bed and positions it against guides and stops; using hand tools, chucks and forming blocks: starts machine which clamps workpieceand lowers examines drawings and specifications of article to be blade to cut metal. made; marks reference points on material and forming May operate shear on production line inwhich shear block; fixes to forming block dies and other accessories is fed by conveyor. May assist in setting upmachine. determining the outline of articles to be made; heats May verify work, using measuring instruments.May material if necessary, places it on forming block and be designated according to product sheared or type securesit with clamps; obtains desired shape by of machine operated. using mallet, hammer or pneumatic hammer, re- Machine- heating metal if necessary; checks accuracy of work8-39.90 Other Blacksmiths, Toolmakers and by gauge or other measuring instruments. Tool Operators. This group includes blacksmiths, toolmakersand May also use folding, punching, bending-roll and for flanging-roll machhies.May specialise in forming a machine tool operators not classified elsewhere, particular type of article and be designated accord-example those making metal articles such assprings, ingly. cables, nails, bolts and steel needles.

8-4 MACHINERY FITTERS, MACHINE ASSEMBLERSAND PRECISION-INSTRUMENT MAKERS (EXCEPT ELECTRICAL)

Workers in this minor group assemble, install, serviceand repair various types of machinery, metal products, engines and mechanical equipment,and make, service and repair watches, clocks and precision instruments (other than electrical).They are classified.in the unit groups listedbelow:

203 7/8/9

8-41 - 8-41.40

8-41Machinery Fitters and Machine Assemblers. 8-42 Watch, Clock and Precision Instrument Makers. 8-43 Motor-Vehicle Mechanics. 8-44Aircraft Engine Mechanics. 8-49 Machinery Fitters, Machine Assemblers and Precision Instrument Makers (except Electrical) Not Elsewhere Classified. Electrical fitters and related electrical and electronics workers are classified in minor group 8-5.

8-41Machinery Fitters and Machine Assemblers and grinding machines; lays out, positions, aligns and assembles parts, using hand tools such as wrenches, Workers in this unit group fit,assemble, spanners, screwdrivers, pliers, holding fixtures and erectandinstallmachinery,enginesand other tools and work aids; tests assembled article. mechanical equipment, other than electrical 8.41.15Internal Combustion Engine Fitter-Assembler equipment. (except Aircraft and Marine Engines). Their functions include: Fits and assembles parts inthe manufacture of internal combustion engines, except those used for ship fitting, adjusting and assembling machines,or aircraft propulsion: engines and other equipment; performs tasks similar to those of Machinery fitter- erecting- and installing machinery at place assembler (general) (8-41.10) but specialises in the of use; manufacture of petrol,diesel and other internal performing related tasks. combustion engines. Motor-vehiclemechanicsareclassifiedin8-41.20Aircraft Engine Fitter-Assembler. unit group 8-43, Aircraft engine mechanics in Fits and assembles parts in the manufacture of air- 8-44 and other machinery and engine me-craft engines: chanics in 8-49. performs tasks similar to those of Machinery fitter- assembler (general) (8-41.10) but specialises in the 8-41.05 Miachinery Fitter (General). manufacture of jet, piston, gas-turbine and other Makes completely parts and subassemblies of ma- types of aircraft engines. chinery and related equipment, according to specifications 841.25 Marine Engine Fitter-Assembler. or by reproducing original components, using machine tools, and fits, assembles and repairs machine parts: Fits and assembles partsinthe manufacture of marine engines: examines drawings and specifications of item to be made or prepares own drawings and specifications performs tasks similar to those of Machinery fitter- from general description, calculates measurements assembler (general) (8-41.10) but specialises in the and plans sequence of operations; measures and manufacture of steam, petrol, diesel and other types marks dimensions and reference points on metal of marine engines. stock for machining; sets and operates machine tools 8-41.30Turbine Fitter-Assembler (except Aircraft and to cut and shape metal parts to specifications, verifying Marine). work with micrometers, gauges and other measuring instruments; tempers and hardens metal parts, brazes Fits and assembles parts in the manufacture of and welds joints and fractures; installs, or repairsturbines, excluding those used on ships or aircraft: and installs, parts of machinery, performing tasks performs tasks similar to those of Machinery fitter- similar to those of Machinery fitter-assembler (gen- assembler (general) (8-41.10) but specialises in the eral) (8-41.10); inspects new and repaired machines, manufacture of turbines, other than aircraft and observing operation and testing with equipment to marine turbines. diagnose malfunction due to faulty parts. 841.35 Metalworking Machine-Tool Fitter-Assembler. Toolmaker is classified in 8-32.20 anJ Jig and gauge maker in 8-32.30.Machine-tool setter-operators are Fits and assembles parts inthe manufacture of classified in unit group 8-33. metalworking machine tools and related equipment: performs tasks similar to those of Machinery fitter- 8-41.10 Machinery Fitter-Assembler (General). assembler(general)(8-41.10)but specialises in Fits and assembles fabricated parts in the manu- metalworking machine tools such as drilling, boring, facture of machinery, engines and other metal apparatus milling,precision-grinding and planing machines (except precision instruments and electrical equipment): and lathes. examines drawings and materials list to obtain parts841.40 Mining Machinery Fitter-Assembler. specifications; plans sequence of operations; examines parts for flaws and checks accuracy of fit using gauges, Fits and assembles partsinthe manufacture of micrometers and other measuring instruments; chisels, mining machinery: files, scrapes and does other supplementary tooling performs tasks similar to those of Machinery fitter- to ensure correct fit, using equipment such as drilling assembler (general) (8-41.10) but specialises in the

204 7/8/9

8-41.45 - 8-42

manufacture of drilling, scraping, cutting and other May service and repair industrial machinery and machines used in mining. equipment. May demonstrate and explain functions of machine to users and train workers in its use. 8-41.45Printing Machinery Fitter-Assembler. 8-41.80Refrigeration and Mr-Conditioning Plant Fits and assembles parts in the manufacture of Installer and Mechanic. printing machinery: performs tasks similar to those of Machinery fitter- Installs and repairs industrial and commercial refrig- assembler (general) (841.10) but specialises in theeration and cooling systems: manufacture of printing machines, such as linotype, lays out reference points for installation of structural monotype, letterpress and lithographic machines. and functional components; drills holes in floors and walls and installs mounting brackets and hangers; 8-41.50Textile Machinery Fitter-Assembler. lifts and aligns components into position; assembles components, such as complete motors,controls, Fits and assembles parts in the manufacture of gauges, wiring harnesses, valves, pumps, compressors, textile machinery: condensers, cores and pipes by screwing, bolting, performs tasks similar to those of Machinery fitter- riveting, welding and brazing; starts system, observes assembler (general) (841.10) but specialises in the operation, reads gauges and instruments, and adjusts manufacture of textile machines, such as spinning mechanism; dismantles malfunctioning systems and machines, looms, lace-making and hosiery machines. tests components to ascertain the nature and location of defects; repairs or adjust- defective or worn parts. 8-41.55Woodworking Machinery Fitter-Assembler. May install wiring to connect components to electric Fits and assembles parts in the manufacture of power source. machines which cut and shape wood: performs tasks similar to those of Machinery fitter-8-41.85Airframe Fitter-Assembler. assembler (general) (841.10) but specialises in the Fits together and builds up the structural members manufacture of woodworking machines, such asof the fuselage, tail, wings, undercarriage or other drilling. sawing, planing and shaping machines. structural parts of aircraft: positions subassemblies in jigs or fixtures in relation 8-41.60Agricultural Machinery Fitter-Assembler. to each other, using measuring instruments such as Fits and assembles parts in the manufacture of templates, protractors and dividers, following blue- agricultural machinery: prints and other specifications; assembles airframe performs tasks similar to those of Machinery fitter- parts, doing supplementary tooling where necessary assembler (general) (841.10) but specialises in the to ensure accurate fit; marks location for rivet holes; manufacture of agricultural machines, such as culti- drills, reams and countersinks holes in subassembly; vating, reaping, threshing and baling machines. bolts, rivets and tack-welds assemblies together.

8-41.65Earth-Moving Equipment Fitter-Assembler. 8-41.90 Other Machinery Fitters and Machine Assemblers. Fits and assembles parts in the manufacture of This group includes machinery fitters and machine earth-moving equipment: assemblers not elsewhere classified, for example those performs tasks similar to those of Machinery fitter-performing tasks in fitting, adjusting and assembling assembler (general) (841.10) but specialises in theparticular types of industrial and other mechanical manufacture of earth-moving and related equipment,equipment, which are not performed by workers clas- such as power shovels, bulldozers and scrapers. sified in the preceding groups.

8-41.70Office Machinery Fitter-Assembler. 8-42Watch, Clock and Precision- Fits and assembles mechanical parts in the manu- Instrument Makers facture of office machinery and equipment: performs tasks similar to those of Machinery fitter- Workers in this unit group make and repair assembler (general) (8-41.10) but specialises in thewatches, clocks, precision instruments, optical manufacture of office machines and equipment, suchequipment and medical appliances. as typewriters, calculating machines, duplicatingand copying equipment. Their functions include: fitting and assembling parts of watches and 8-41.75Machinery Erector and Installer. clocks; Erects and installs, in place of use, machinery and repairing watches and clocks; other mechanical equipment (exce:t refrigeration and making, adjusting and repairing precision air-conditioning plant): instruments; prepares foundations for heavy machines, checking with various measuring instruments; moves machine making, adjusting and repairing optical in- or machine parts by means of hoists, rollers, trucks struments; and other aids; places parts in position and builds assembling precision instruments; up machine; aligns machine and shafting or other making and repairing medical, orthopaedic system of power transmission; checks machine and makes adjustments to ensure efficient operation;and dental appliances and prostheses; shifts machines to new sites in workshop as required. performing related tasks.

205 8-42.20 - 8.43

8-42.20 Watch and Clock Assembler. work aids; bends and taps parts into alignment, Fits and assembles parts of watches and clocks: using pliers and mallets; turns compensatingscrews polishes parts and checks them for or makes other adjustments to set tensions and accuracy of fit; clearances in mechanism; checks alignment, dimen- assembles parts of movement using tweezers,screw- sions and clearances, using fixedgauges, feelers, rules drivers, pliers and other hand tools; checkscomplete and square. clock or watch movement and regulates it bytesting it in various positions, making adjustments ifneces- May operate riveting press, punch press, spot-welder sary; mounts movement in a case. or similar machines to install or fasten parts. May operate assemblies to verify proper functioning. May May specialise in a particular unit of watchmovement or one type of watch and be designated accordingly. specialise in the assembly of a particulartype of instrument, such as weighing machines orcameras Those who specialise in making electric clocksare and photographic accessories, and be designated classified in Electrical equipment assembler (8-53.20). accordingly.

842.25 Watch and Clock Repairer. 8-42.45Orthopaedic Appliance Maker and Repairer. Repairs, cleans and adjusts watches and clocks: Makes and repairs orthopaedic appliances suchas examines timepiece through magnifying lensesto artificial limbs and body supports: discover defects; removes balances, springs andother works to measurements and specifications when parts using pliers, screwdrivers, tweezers and other provided by Orthopaedic technician(0-79.50)or tools; repairs or replaces damaged parts; cleans takes measurements and makes plaster cast of limb parts with benzine or other cleaning substance; or body deformity; makes drawings and patterns of reassembles and adjusts timepiece; lubricates moving parts to be made; cuts parts from metal, wood, parts; regulates timepiece movement, testing it in various positions. plastic, cork, leather and other materials and shapes them using hand and power tools;covers metal or May test timepieces for magnetism and demagnetise wooden parts with leather or plastic material;assem- them. May make parts using watchmaker's lathe. bles parts and pads them with leather, feltor cork; polishes completed applianceon buffing wheels; 8-42.30Precision-Instrument Maker and Repairer. makes adjustments where necessary for comfort of Makes, adjusts and repairs mechanical instruments wearer; repairs worn parts or damaged appliances. and mechanical portionsof electrical andoptical instruments: 8-42.50Dental Prosthesis Maker and Repairer. studies drawings and specifications; selects material, Makes and repairs dentures and other dental aids: such as metal, plastic or glass, and marks it off; makes plaster casts for upper and lower jaws from cuts, grinds, smooths or otherwise shapes material wax impressions taken by dentist; shapes metal, to prescribed dimensions using measuring instruments vulcanite or plastic plates for dentures, using plaster and hand and machine tools; brazes, solders, hardens, casts; mounts artificial porcelain or plastic teeth in anneals or tempers metal partsas necessary; assembles plates; finishes dentures on grinding and buffing partsandensurescompletedinstrumentworks wheels; constructs metal clamps, inlays; bridgework satisfactorily; paints, lacquers, enamels,engraves or and other aids according to specifications; repairs otherwise finishes instruments. dental aids. May specialise in repairing precision instrumentsor May form and bake porcelain or plastic teeth and in making a particular type of instrument, suchas crowns. air, hydraulic or mechanical meters andindicators, and be designated accordingly. 842.90 Other Watch, Clock and Precision-Instrument Makers. 8-42.35Op!icsd Instrument Maker and Repairer. This group includes watch, clock and precision Adjusts and repairs optical instruments and assemblesinstrument makers not elsewhere classified, for example optical parts, incorporating such itemsas precision those who specialise in making and repairing particular lenses, prisms, and mirrors: types of medical or dental instruments, thermostatic selects and assembles optical elements for instrumentscontrol instruments, or panel instruments for vehicles. and fits them in position;scrapes,files and laps mount of instrument toalignopticalelements; 8-43 Motor-Vehicle Mechanics centres and focuses instrument on standard targets and adjusts and calibrates instrument; anchorslenses Workers in this unit group service and repair and other optical elements with adhesivesubstance themechanical and related equipment of or retaining ring. passenger and delivery cars, trucks and other May specialise in a particular type of optical instru-motor vehicles. ment such as telescopes, cameras or gunsights,or in repair work, and be designated accordingly. Their functions include: 8-42.40Precision-Instrument Assembler. examining, dismantling, rebuilding and replacing defective mechanical parts; Assembles prepared parts that do not requirefurther tooling, in the manufacture of precision and optical adjusting motors, brakes, steering and other instruments: parts of motor vehicles; positions and assembles parts using screwdrivers, servicing and repairing motor cycles; pliers, holding fixtures and other hand toolsand performing related tasks.

206 7/8/9

8-43.20 - 8-49.10

8-43.20Automobile Mechanic. assembles and replaces parts; removes engine from Repairs, services and overhauls automobiles and aircraft for overhaul and installs replacement; inspects, assimilated motor vehicles: services, and repairs pneumatic and hydraulic systems; performs other duties to service aircraft mechanisms, examines vehicle to ascertain nature, extent and including flushing crank-case, cleaning screens, greas- location of defects; plans work, using charts and ing moving parts and checking brakes. technical manuals; dismantles engine, transmission, differential, or other parts requiring attention; repairs 8-44.20Aircraft Engine Service Mechanic. or replaces parts such as pistons, rods, gears, valves, bearings, breaker points or gaskets, and accessories Services engines, engine parts and other mechanical such as spark plugs; relines and adjusts brakes,equipment of aircraft at line station, making repairs solders leaks in radiator, rebushes steering mechanismsrequired to keep aircraft in safe operating condition: and carries out other repairs; tunes motor by adjust- performs tasks similar to those of Aircraft engine ing ignition, carburettor, valves and timing mech- mechanic(general)(844.10)butspecialisesin anism; tests repaired vehicle in workshop or on road. servicing aircraft of an airline at a regular stopping May rebuild parts using lathes, shapers, welding place, effecting engine adjustments and mechanical equipment and hand tools.May do electrical and repairs, generally of a minor nature, during stopover; body repairs and spray painting.May specialise in inflates tyres and checks oil reservoirs. repairing a particular type of engine, such as diesel May remove engines for overhaul and install re- automobile engines, and be designated accordingly. placements. 8-43.30Motor-Truck Mechanic.' 8-44.90Other Aircraft Engine Mechanics. Repairs, services and overhauls trucks and trucking This group includes aircraft engine mechanics not equipment such as trailers: elsewhere classified, for example those specialising in a performs tasks similar to those of Automobile mechanicparticular type of work, such as repairing aircraft engine (8-43.20) but works on motor trucks and related cylinders or propeller assemblies. equipment. 8-49 Machinery Fitters, Machine 8-43.40Motor-Cycle Mechanic. Assemblers and Precision-Instrument Makers Repairs, services and overhauls motor cycles and (except Electrical) Not Elsewhere Classified motorised pedal cycles: performs tasks similar to those of Automobile mechanic Workers in this unit group perform tasks (8-43.20) but specialises in repairing, servicing andrelated to machinery fitting and assembling and overhauling motor cycles and other motorised pedalprecision instrument making (except electrical) cycles.. not classified elsewhere. 8-43.90Other Motor-Vehicle Mechanics. Their functions include: This group includes motor vehicle mechanics not servicing and repairing engines (except motor elsewhere classified, for example those specialising in avehicle and aircraft engines), industrial ma- particular type of motor vehicle repairs such as repairingchinery and related equipment (except electrical); automatic transmissions, tuning up engines, or repairing brake systems or motor cooling systems. oiling and greasing stationary engines, machinery and vehicles (except ships' engines); 8-44Aircraft Engine Mechanics inspecting and testing new machinery and mechanical equipment for conformance with Workers in this unit group service, repairmanufacturer's standards; and overhaul aircraft engines. bolting, screwing, clipping or riveting together Their functions include: prepared metal parts; examining,testing andservicingaircraft performing other tasks related to the fore- engines; going. replacing engine components or complete engines at an airline station; 8-49.10Machinery Mechanic (General). performing related tasks. Services and repairsvarious types of machinery, engines and related equipment (except automobile and 8-44.10Aircraft Engine Mechanic (General). aircraft engines and electrical apparatus): examines faulty machinery and related equipment to Services, repairs and overhauls aircraft engines, such ascertain nature and location of defects; dismantles as jet, turbo-prop and piston engines, and other me- equipment, wholly or partly, to remove damaged or chanical equipment of aircraft: wornparts;repairsorreplacesdefectiveparts; testsengine,usingtesting equipment; examines assemblesparts,doing supplementary toolingas engine for cracked cylinders, oil leaks and other necessary to ensure accurate fit; tests reassembled defects; dismantles and inspects parts for wear or equipment and makes necessary adjustments; checks, other defects; consults manufacturers' manuals and adjusts and lubricates machines and related equipment airline's maintenance manual for specifications and and performs other tasks to keep them in good working feasibility of repair or replaces defective parts; repairs, order.

207 7/8/9

8 -4915 - 8-49.80

8-49.15Reciprocating Steam-Engine Mechanic. 8-49.55Agricultural Machinery Mechanic. Repairs and services reciprocating steam engines, Services and repairs agricultural machinery: including those used for ship propulsion: performs tasks similar to those of Machinery mechanic performs tasks similar to those of Machinery mechanic (general)(8-49.10)but specialisesinservicing, (general)(8-49.10)but specialisesinadjusting, adjusting and repairing agricultural machines suchas servicing and repairing reciprocating steam engines. cultivating, planting, reaping, threshing and baling machines. 8-49.20Diesel Engine Mechanic (except Motor Vehicle). 8-49.60Earth-Moving Equipment and Construction Repairs and servicesdieselengines which drive Machinery Mechanic. generators and other stationary equipment, railway locomotives, construction machinery and other mobile Services and repairs earth-moving equipment and equipment, except motor vehicles: construction machinery: performs tasks similar to those of Machinery mechanic performs tasks similar to those of Machinery mechanic (general)(849.10) (general)(8-49.10)but specialisesinadjusting, ')utspecialisesin servicing, repairing and servicing diesel engines. adjusting and repairing earth-moving and construction machinery such as mechanical shovels, bulldozers, 8-49.25Turbine Mechanic (except Aircraft and Marine excavators and levellers. Turbines). 8-49.65Office Machines Mechanic. Services and repairs turbines (except aircraft and Servicesand repairs mechanical parts of office ship turbines): Machines, such as typewriters and duplicating, address- performs tasks similar to those of Machinery mechanic ing, accounting and calculating machines: (general)(8-49.10)but specialisesinservicing, performs tasks similar to those of Machinery mechanic adjusting and repairing turbines (other than marine (general) (8-49.10) but specialises in servicing and or aircraft turbines). repairing office machines. 8-49.30Metalworking Machine-Tool Mechanic. 8-49.70Plant Maintenance Mechanic. Services and repairs metalworking machine tools Repairs and maintains installed machinery, plumbing which cut, shape and grind metal to fine tolerances: and mechanical structures of an industrialor other establishment: performs tasks similar to those of Machinery mechanic (general) (8-49.10) but specialises in metalworking performs tasks similar to those of Machinery mechanic machine tools, such as drilling, boring, grinding, (general) (8-49.10) but specialises in repairing and planing and shaping machines and lathes. maintaining mechanical installations inan establishment. 8-49.35Mining Machinery Mechanic. May also install and repair electrical equipment, Services and repairs mining machinery: wiring and fixtures, make and repair woodenstructures, and paint walls, floors or woodwork. performs tasks similar to those of Machinery mechanic (general)(849.10) but specialisesinservicing, Building maintenance man is classified in 9-59.20. adjusting and repairing mining machines suchas 8-49.75Pedal-Cycle Repairer. borers, cutters and conveyors. Services and repairs pedal cycles: 8-49.40Printing Machinery Mechanic. examines defective cycles to ascertain nature and Services and repairs printing machinery: location of defects; replaces damaged parts, aligns wheels and frame, relines brakes, mends tires and does performs tasks similar to those of Machinery mechanic other repairs; lubricates parts, adjusts steeringgear, (general)(849.10) but specialisesin servicing, chain-drive, speed gear and lights; performs other adjusting and repairing printing machines, including tasks to maintain cycles in good condition. linotype, monotype, letterpress, rotary-press and other specialised printing machines. May braze, solder and paint parts. Repairer of motor cycles and motorised pedal cycles 8-49.45Textile Machinery Mechanic. is classified as Motor cycle mechanic (843.40). Services acd repairs textile machinery: 8-49.80Oiler and Greaser (except Ships' Engines). performs tasks similar to those of Machinery mechanic Lubricates the moving parts of stationary engines, (general)(8-49.10)but specialisesin servicing,motor vehicles and machinery (except ships' engines): adjusting and repairing textile machines suchas lubricates parts according to lubricating chartsor own picking, carding, spinning, winding, weaving and judgment and knowledge of engine or machineto be knitting machines. lubricated;fillsgrease-gun with required type of lubricant and applies gun to greasing points; 8-49.50Woodworking Machinery Mechanic. pours oil from oiling can into exterior lubrication holesor Services and repairs machines which cut and shape slots and packs axle and steering boxes withgrease; wood: refills or changes oils in engine reservoirs at prescribed performs tasks similar to those of Machinery mechanic intervals with required type of lubricant;reports (general)(8-49.10)but specialisesinservicing, mechanical defects to mechanic. adjusting and repairing woodworking machines such May make minor adjustments and assist machine as sawing, planing, profiling and mortising machines operators or repairmen. and wood lathes. Ship's oiler and greaser is classified in 9-82.30.

208 7/8/9

8-49.85 - 8.51.10

8-49.85Mechanical Products Inspector and Tester. inspection of finish or mechanical operation, or in Inspects and tests machinery and related mechanical a particular type of equipment, and be designated equipment for finish, mechanical operation and con- accordingly. formance to manufacturer's standards: checks equipment and parts against technical specifica- 8-49.90Other Machinery Fitters, Machine Assemblers tions; examines surfaces for flaws and colour finish; and Precision-Instrument Makers (except Electrical). observes alignment of doors, panels and control dials Thisgroup includesmachineryfitters,machine with adjacent parts; connects equipment with powerassemblers and precision-instrument makers (except source and testing devices and observes mechanicalelectrical) not elsewhere classified, for example, those who operation of parts and machine; rejects faulty equip-assemble metal products from preparedparts not ment or parts; records information on inspection ticket.requiring further tooling or adjusting, by fixing the parts May do minor adjustments. May inspect articlestogether with bolts, clips,screws, rivets or similar in various stages of production. May specialise in devices.

8-5 ELECTRICAL FITTERS AND RELATED ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS WORKERS

Workers in this minor group fit, assemble, install, maintain and repair electrical and electronic equipment such as electrical motors, generators, instruments, signal transmitters and receivers, domestic appliances, switchgear and control apparatus; install and service electrical wiring systems in homes, industrial plants and other establishments, and in ships, motor vehicles and aircraft; install and service electrical power transmission cables, telephone and telegraph lines and related equipment. They are classified in the unit groups listed below: 8-51Electrical Fitters. 8-52Electronics Fitters. 8-53Electrical and Electronic Equipment Assemblers. 8-54Radio and Television Repairmen. 8-55Electrical Wiremen. 8-56Telephone and Telegraph Installers. 8-57Electric Linemen and Cable Jointers. 8-59Electrical Fitters and Related Electrical and Electronics Workers Not Elsewhere Classified.

8-51Electrical Fitters Workers assembling electrical and electronic equipment from finished parts not requiring Workers in this unit group fit, adjust andfurther tooling are classified in unit group 8-53. repair electrical machinery and other electricalElectrical wiremen(includingaircraft,ship, apparatus in factory, workshop or place of use.vehicle and building electricians) are classified Their functions include : in unit group 8-55. fitting, adjusting and repairing various kinds8-51.10Electrical Fitter (General). of electrical machinery and other electrical Fits, adjusts, assembles and repairs various kinds of apparatus; electrical machinery and electrical apparatus in factory, fitting,adjustingand repairingelectricalworkshop or place of use: motors and generators, switchgear and control examines wiring and assembly diagrams and other specifications; checks parts for accuracy of fit and if apparatus, electrical instruments, or electrical necessary chisels, files, scrapes and does other supple- parts of elevators and related equipment; mentary tooling; fits parts together using screwdrivers, fitting,adjusting and repairingelectrical pliers and other tools; installs and connects wiring, apparatus in domestic appliances, office. ma- soldering joints where necessary;adjustsbuilt-in control instruments and indicator dials; diagnoses chines, industrial machines and other appliances, faults with aid of testing instruments; dismantles aircraft, ships and vehicles; equipment if required and repairs or replaces broken performing related tasks. and worn parts and faulty wiring.

209 7/8/9

8-51.20 - 8-52.90

8.51.20Electrical Motor and Generator Fitter. and related equipment, industrialequipment Fits, adjusts and repairs electrical motors and gener-and signalling systems; ators in factory, workshop or place of use: performing related tasks. performs tasks similar to those of Electrical fitter (general)(8-51.10)but specialisesinelectrical Radio and television mechanicisclassified motors and generators. in 8-54.20. 8.51.30Electrical Transformer Fitter. 8-52.10Electronics Fitter (General). Fits, adjusts and repairs electrical transformers in Fits, adjusts and repairs various kinds of electronic factory, workshop or place of use: equipment in factory, workshop or place ofuse: performs tasks similar to those of Electrical fitter examines drawings and wiring diagrams; checksparts (general) (8-51.10) but specialises in electrical transfor accuracy of fit and, where necessary, files, chisels, formers. scrapes and does other supplementary tooling; fits parts together or mounts them on chassis or panels, 8-51.40Electrical Switchgear and Control Apparatus using hand tools; installs and connects wiring, solder- Fitter. ing joints where necessary; tests, calibrates and adjusts equipment; diagnoses faults with aid of testing instru- Fits, adjusts, and repairs electric switchgear and con- ments; dismantles equipment, if necessary, andre- trol apparatus in factory, workshop or place of use: places faulty parts and wiring. performs tasks similar to those of Electrical fitter (general) (8-51.10) but specialises in electric switch-8-52.20Electronics Fitter (Radio, Television and Radar gear and control apparatus. Equipment). Fits, adjusts, installs and repairs radio and television 8-51.50Electrical Instrument Fitter. transmitters and radar equipment in factory, workshop Fits, adjusts, and repairs electrical instruments andor place of use: electrical parts of mechanical instruments in factory, performs tasks similar to those of Electronics fitter workshop or place of use: (general)(8-52.10)but specialisesintelevision performs tasks similar to those of Electrical fitter transmitters, radar equipment, radio transmitters and (general)(8-51.10)but specialises in electrical two-way radio communications equipment. instruments and electrical parts of mechanical instruments. 8-52.30Electronics Fitter (Medical Equipment). Fits, adjusts and repairs electronic componentsof 8-51.60Electrical Elevator and Related Equipment Fitter.medical equipment in factory, workshop or place ofuse: Fits, adjusts and repairs electrical parts of elevators performs tasks similar to those of Electronics fitter and related equipment in factory, workshop or place of (general)(8-52.10)but specialisesinelectronic use: medical equipment such as X-ray, electroencephalo- performs tasks similar to those of Electrical fitter graph and electrocardiograph machines. (general) (8-51.10) but specialises in electrical parts of elevators, escalators, conveyors and similar equip- 8-52.40Electronic Computer and Related Equipment ment. Fitter. Fits, adjusts and repairs computers and related elec- 8-51.90 Other Electrical Fitters. tronic equipment in factory, workshopor place cf use: This group includes electrical fitters not elsewhere performs tasks similar to those of Electronics jitter classified, for example those who specialise in fitting, (general) (8-52.10) but specialises incomputers and adjustirg Ind repairing electrical components of domestic related electronic equipment. appliance4, office machines, industrial machines and other appliances, aircraft, ships and vehicles. 8-52.50Electronics Fitter (Industrial Equipment). Workers occupied primarily in making simple repairs Fits, adjusts and repairs electronic componentsof to electrical apparatus are classified in Electrical repairman industrial machinery and related equipment in factory, (8-55.70). workshop or place of use: 8-52Electronics Fitters performs tasks similar to those of Electronics fitter (general)(8-52.10)but specialisesinelectronic Workers in this unit group fit, adjust and components of industrial machinery and related repair elettronic apparatus in factory, workshop equipment. or place of use. 8-52.60Electronic Signalling Systems Fitter. Their functions include: Fits, adjusts and repairs electronic componentsof fitting, adjusting and repairing various kindssignalling systems in factory, workshop or place ofuse of electronic equipment; performs tasks similar to those of Electronics fitter fitting,adjusting,installing and repairing (general)(8-52.10)but specialisesinsignalling radio and television transmitters and radar systems. equipment; 8-52.90Other Electronics Fitters. fitting,adjusting and repairing electronic This group includes electronics fitters not elsewhere components of medical equipment, computersclassified, for example those who specialise in fitting,

210 7/8/9

8-53 - 8-55.10

adjusting and repairing electronic devicesand electronic8-53.90 Other Electricaland Electronic Equipment components of a particular type of machineor equipment Assemblers. not referred to in the foregoing. This group includes electrical and electronic equipment 8-53 assemblers not elsewhere classified, for example those Electrical and Electronic assembling microelectronic equipment, suchas hearing Equipment Assemblers aids and satellite communications devices, using magnifying lens, hand tools and spot welder; assembling Workers in this unitgroup assemble finishedflexible electric leads; winding capacitors; assembling parts to make electrical and electronic equip-capacitors (condensers); assembling electronictubes ment. (radio valves). Their functions include: 8-54 Radio and Television Repairmen assembling finished parts of electricalmachinery, domestic appliances, radio andtele- Workers in this unit group repair radio and vision receivers and other electrical andelec-television receivers in workshopor place of use. tronic apparatus; Their functions include : winding electrical wire coils ontocores by examining radio and televisionreceivers, machine and by hand; replacing defective parts and making adjust- performing related tasks. ments and repairs; 8-53.20Electrical Equipment Assembler. performing related tasks suchas installing Assembles finished parts of electrical machinery and and repairing radio and televisionantennas. other electrical apparatus: 8-54.20 Radio and Television Mechanic. fixes finished parts in position using screwdrivers, pliers and other hand tools; installs and connects Repairs radio and television receivers in workshopor wiring by clamping or soldering. place of use: May work from diagrams. May specialise in assembly examines drawings and wiring diagrams; diagnoses of particular typo of machinery or electrical equipment, .faults with aid of testing equipment; repairsor such as domestic appliances or electric clocks, and be replaces faulty parts; renews and reconnects wiring designated accordingly. where necessary; tests and adjusts receiver. May install or repair radio or televisionantennas. 8-53.30Electronic Equipment Assembler. Assembles finished parts of electronic equipment: 8-54.90 Other Radio and Television Repairmen. assembles parts or mounts them on chassis, using hand This group includes radio and television repairmennot tools; installs and connects wiring, mainly by solder- elsewhere classified; for example those installing and ing. repairing radio and television antennas. May rivet parts together. May work according to wiring diagram. May specialiseinassembly of 8-55Electrical Wiremen particular type of equipment, such as radioor television receivers, and be designated accordingly. Workers in this unit group install, service and repair electrical wiring and related equip- 8-53.40 Con Winder (Machine). ment. Winds wire onto bobbins or directly ontocores by machine to make electrical coils: Their functions include: secures core to revolving mechanism of machine; installing, servicing and repairing electrical selects required wire stock, pulls wire from feederwiring systems and related equipment in houses, spool and attaches end to core; starts machineto revolve core and winds wire on it for specified numberindustrial and commercial establishments, other of turns; stops machine, cuts wire andremoves coil.buildings, aircraft, motor vehicles and ships; May specialise in winding particular types of coils, repairing in workshop or place ofuse wiring such as heavy-duty transformer, statoror rotor coils,faults and other minor defects in domestic and be designated accordingly. appliances and other electrical apparatus; 8-53.50Coil Winder (Hand). performing related tasks, suchas installing Winds wire onto cores by hand to makeor rewindilluminated signs and installing and servicing electrical coils: wiring systems in mines. secures core in rotary holding device; selects required wire from stock, pulls wire from feeder spool and 8-55.10Electrician, General. attaches end to core; rotates holding device to wind Installs, maintains and repairs electrical wiringand specified number of turns on sere; cuts wire andrelated equipment in buildings and otherstructures: removes coil. examines drawings and other specifications; positions May specialise in winding particular types of coils, and fixes distribution boards, fuse boxes, switches and such as heavy-duty transformer coils or statoror rotor light and power points; cuts, bends and installs coils for large generators, and be designated accord- conduit and draws wires through it,or installs sheathed ingly. cable; connects wiring to source of electricity supply,

211 7/8/9

8-55.208-56.30

tests for defects and makes necessary adjustments; locatesfaults,referring to wiring diagrams and replaces or repairs defective wiring and related equip- schematics, and using test equipment; repairs or ment. replaces items such as defective wiring, burnt-out fuses and other components of electrical equipment; 8-55.20 Building Electrician. inspects condition of electrical wiring and equipment toensure conformance with building codes and Installs electrical wiring and related equipment in safety regulations and to maintain efficient operation; houses, industrial and commercial establishments and makes connections to new electrical installations; other buildings: cleans and oils motors. performs tasks similar to those of Electrician (general) May install new electrical equipment or systems, (8-55.10) but specialises in installation of electrical rewind coils, overhaul and repair or modify equipment. wiring and related equipment in houses, industrial and May follow set maintenance programme and keep commercial establishments and other buildings. records of condition of installation. May also do repairs of electrical wiring and related equipment in buildings, including those undergoing conversion or alteration. 8-55.70Electrical Repairman. Maintenance electrician (buildings)isclassified in Makes repairs, generally of a simple character, to 8-55.60. electrical apparatus, mainly of a domestic kind, in workshop or place of use: 8-55.30 Aircraft Electrician. diagnoses faults with aid of electrical testing equipment; dismantles or partly dismantles equipment if Installs and repairs electrical wiring and related equip- necessary; replaces broken or defective parts and Ment in aircraft: wiring;reconnects loose wires by soldering; re- performs tasks similar to those of Electrician (general) assembles and tests article repaired. (8-55.10) but specialises in installing and repairing aircraft electrical wiring and related equipment. 8-55.90 Other Electrical Wiremen. 8-55.35Ship's Electrician. This group includes electricians and electrical repairers not elsewhere classified, for example those installing Installs and repairs electrical wiring and equipmentand servicing illuminated signs, electrical wiring and in ships: related equipment in mines, and accumulators arranged performs tasks similar to those of Electrician (general) in series to provide electric lighting or power. (8-55.10) but specialises in the installation and repair of ship's electrical wiring and equipment, suchas sheathed cable installation, fire-alarm boxes, intercom- 8-56Telephone and Telegraph Installers munication systems and motors. Workers in this unit group install, service 8-55.40Vehicle Electrician. and repair telephone and telegraph equipment Installs and repairs electrical wiring and other electricalin central installation or place of use. equipment in vehicles, such as trains, trains and motor Telephone and telegraph lineman is classified vehicles: in 8-57.40. performs tasks similar to those of Electrician (general) (8-55.10) but specialises in installing and repairing electrical wiring and other electrical equipment in8-56.20 Telephone and Telegraph Installer. vehicles; repairs and adjusts generators, starter motors Installs manually operated and automatic telephone and ignition systems of motor vehicles. and telegraph equipment: examines drawings and wiring diagrams; fixes tele- 8-55.50Stage and Studio Electrician. phone switchboards, relay racks, dial-switching equip- Installs, maintains and repairs electrical equipment ment, receiving sets, telegraphic typewriters and other and lights used in theatre and studio: equipment in position; interconnects various parts installs lights and electrical equipment, such as bells, of equipment by wiring, soldering and clamping; buzzers and microphones; positions spotlights and connects incoming and outgoing cables to equipment; floodlights to illuminate stage or studio and places tests installation and adjusts relays and other elec- colour frames on lights to obtain coloured effects; trical devices to ensure maximum operating efficiency. prepares cue sheet to determine lighting effect required May specialise in installing either telephone or tele- by script; operates switchboard to control lights and graph equipment and be designated accordingly. other electrical equipment; maintains and repairs stage or studio lighting equipment. 8-56.30 Telephone and Telegraph Mechanic. 8-55.60Maintenance Electrician. Services and repairs manually operated and automatic telephone and telegraph equipment: Repairs and maintains wiring and electrical equipment examines drawings and wiring diagrams; diagnoses in industrial or commercial establishments, institutional faults in equipment and circuits with aid of testing buildings such as schools and hospitals, or residential equipment; dismantles, or partly dismantles, equip- buildings: ment to remove faulty parts; repairs or replaces examines wiring and equipment such as switches, parts; reconnects wiring and solders or clamps joints; switchboards, motors and other electrical mechanisms; tests and readjusts equipment to ensure maximum

212 7/8/9

8-56.90 - 8-59-90

operating efficiency; checks equipment periodically installs and repairs overhead telephone and telegraph and keeps it in good working order. lines, attaching terminal boxes, repeaters and other May specialise in repairing either telephone or tele- specialised equipment to poles and performing other graph equipment and be designated accordingly. tasks similar to those of Electric power lineman (8-57.20); installs auxiliary equipment such as terminal boxes and repeaters and makes connections to 8-56.90Other Telephone and Telegraph Installers. complete underground telephone and telegraph cable This group includes telephone and telegraph installers systems and keeps installation in good order. and repairers not elsewhere classified, for example those specialising in one particular part of the work, such as 8-57.50Electric Cable Jointer. adjustingrelays or telegraphrepeaters,diagnosing faults in equipment and circuits, making operating tests Makes joints in surface and underground cables: on circuits and relays to check on functioning, or separates conductor wires and removes insulation maintaining teletype machines. from ends; joins and solders corresponding conductor wires; dries out moisture and wraps joints with insulating material; covers insulated joints with lead 8-57Electric Linemen and Cable Jointers sleeves and connects these to cable sheathing; places and fixes jointed cables in junction boxes and fills Workers in this unit group construct, install them with pitch or other compound; tests conductor and repair electrical lines and joint cables. wires for defects. Their functions include: May specialise in type of cable jointed, such as power, telephone or telegraph, and be designated accordingly. installing and repairing overheadelectric power and electric traction lines; installing and repairing overhead and under-8-57.90Other Electric Linemen and Cable Jointers. ground telephone and telegraph lines; This group includes electric linemen and cable jointers not elsewhere classified, fOr example those specialising making joints in surface and undergroundin laying cables underground, or in maintenance and cables; repair of underground electric power transmission cables. maintaining underground electric power trans- Workers who pull heavy cables through channelS, mission lines; lay pipes for cables and line trenches with concrete are performing related tasks. classified in minor group 9-5.

8-57.20Electric Power Lineman. 8-59Electrical Fitters and Related Constructs and repairs overhead high-tension or low- Electrical and Electronics Workers tension power lines conductingelectricitybetween generating stations, substations and consumers: Not Elsewhere Classified climbs poles and pylons and fixes insulators, lightning Workers in this unit group are engaged in arresters and other equipment; strings cables between pylons, poles and buildings, ensuring that proper sagelectrical and electronic fitting and related work is left in cables to avoid breakage under changingnot elsewhereclassified,for example those atmospheric conditions; joints cables by splicing andengaged in inspecting and testing fabricated soldering; repairs or replaces defective lines andelectrical and electronic products. auxiliary equipment. May specialise in high-voltage or low-voltage power lines. May erect or replace poles with assistance of8-59.20Electrical and Electronic Products Inspector other workers. and Tester. Linemen who install cables in prepared trenches are Inspects and tests electrical or electronic equipment classified in 8-57.90. for conformance to manufacturer's standards: checks equipment and parts according to technical 8-57.30Electric Traction Lineman. specifications; connects unit to power source and testing devices such as wattmeter, voltmeter or Installs and repairs overhead wires to carry electricity potentiometer; checks components, electrical connec- for railway trains, trams or trolley buses: tions and quality of units; rejects faulty products; erects masts with assistance of other workers; installs records informat! on on inspection ticket. supporting crosswires and insulators between opposite May inspect mechanical operation of equipment. masts, working on an elevated platform; attaches May inspect components, and equipment in various conductor wires to insulated parts of crosswires; stages of production. May specialise in inspection clamps, splices and solders wires; adjusts sag of of finish or mechanical operation, or in a particular conductor wires; repairs defective wires and auxiliary type of equipment and be designated accordingly. equiprunt. 8-59.90Other Electrical Fitters and Related Electrical 8-57.40Telephone and Telegraph Lineman. and Electronics Workers. Installs and repairs overhead and underground wires This group includes electricalfitters and related and cables for telephone and telegraph transmission: electrical and electronics workers not elsewhere classified.

213 7/8/9

8-6 - 8-62.30

8-6 BROADCASTING STATION AND SOUND-EQUIPMENT OPERATORS AND CINEMA PROJECTIONISTS

Workers in this minor group operate radio and television broadcasting equipment, install and operate sound-recording and amplifying apparatus and operate cinema projectors.They are classified in the unit groups listed below: 8-61Broadcasting Station Operators. 8-62Sound-Equipment Operators and Cinema Projectionists.

8-61Broadcasting Station Operators equipment outdoors, operating video recording equipment to photograph television images being broadcast, Workers in this unit group operate and controlas shown on video screen, to record the sound ac- equipmenttransmittingradioortelevisioncompaniment and prepare film for rebroadcasting. broadcasts and related equipment in radio or television studios and perform related tasks. 8-62 Sound-Equipment Operators and Workers who maintain and repair radio or Cinema Projectionists television broadcasting equipment are classified Workers in this unit group set up and operate in unit group 8-52. sound-recording and amplifying equipment and Television camera operatorisclassifiedinoperate cinema projectors. 1-63.70. Their functions include: 8-61.20 Radio and Television Transmitting Equipment operating electronic equipment to record Operator. sound on tape, wire, film or discs; Operates and adjusts equipment of transmitter to installing and operating sound-amplifying broadcast radio and television programmes: equipment; switches transmitter on and off; monitors console operating a cinema projector; panel to ascertain that components are operative and sets transmitter on frequency; observes indicators, editing sound recordings on film and tape, views and listens to programmes, adjusts transmitterproducing sound effects for radio broadcasts, controls for tone and volume of sound and picturefilms or stage performances; quality; maintains log of programmes transmitted; performing related tasks. diagnoses faults by testing components using eke- tonic testing equipment; cleans and services equip- 8-62.20Sound-Recording Equipment Operator. ment. Operates electronic equipment which records sound May make minor repairs to equipment and replaceimpulses on reels of tape, wire, film or composition parts using hand tools.May specialise in a particular discs for motion pictures, gramophone-record produc- type of equipment and be designated accordingly. tion, radio broadcasting and other purposes: 8-6130 Radio and Television Studio Equipment Operator. places microphones in position and connects them to Operates radio and television broadcasting studio recording equipment; places reels of tape, wire, film equipment: or blank discs in machine; sets volume and tone controls and makes other necessary adjustments; sets up microphones and amplifiers for use in sound starts machine, watches operation closely and listens pickup; adjusts controls of console to cut micro- to sound being recorded; manipulates controls as phones in and out, and to blend output of individual required. microphones for balance between music, dialogue and sound effects; controls video console to regulate May perform minor repairs. transmission of television scenes, observes meters and indicators, and adjusts controls to maintain 8-62.30 Public Address Equipment Operator. technical quality of broadcast; tests machines and Installs and operates sound-amplifying equipment: equipment with testing instruments. places loudspeakers in position and connects them May clean and service equipment, replace faulty toamplifiers;placesmicrophonesnear speaker, components and resolder wires. orchestra or other sources of sound and connects Sound-recording equipment operator is classifiedin them to amplifiers; tests installation by switching on 8-62.20, Television camera operator in 1-63.70, and and listening from various points while someone Stage and studio electrician in 8-55.50. talks into microphone; adjusts position of microphones and loudspeakersas necessary; regulates 8-61.90 Other Broadcasting Station Operators. volume and tone of sound reproduction. This group includes broadcasting station operators May record sound on tape recorder and amplify not elsewhere classified, for example those operating sound from tape recorder or record player.May and servicing mobile radio and television brldcasting make minor repairs of equipment.

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8-62.40 - 8-71.20

8-62.40Cinema Projectionist. 8-62.90Other Sound-Equipment Operators and Cinema Projectionists. Operates a motion-picture projector and its sound- reproducing equipment: This group includes sound-equipment operators and cinema projectionists not elsewhere classified, for example places reel of film on projector and threads end ofthose editing tapes to prepare master tape for making film through projector guides and onto take-up reel; multiple copies; testing pressed phonograph records for starts projector and adjusts sound and focus ofsound quality, using sound reproduction equipment; image; watches operation and, if film breaks, threadsediting film to synchronise music and dialogue and broken end through projector guides with minimumto insert sound effects; producing sound effects by loss of time; rewinds projected films in readiness forartificial means, or from tapes or recordings, to accom- another showing and repairs faulty sections; cleanspany action portrayed by radio or television broadcast; lenses and oils equipment periodically and makesoperating a sound-mixing panel backstage during minor repairs. theatrical performances.

8-7 PLUMBERS, WELDERS, SHEET-METAL AND STRUCTURAL METAL PREPARERS AND ERECTORS

Workers in this minor group assemble, fit, install and repair plumbing fixtures, pipes and pipeline systems; form and cut metal parts using flame, electric-arc or other sources of heat; make and repair articles and parts of articles of cold sheet metal; shape, assemble, erect and repair heavy metal members such as girders and plates to form structures or structural frameworks. They are classified in the unit groups listed below: 8-71Plumbers and Pipe Fitters. 8-72Welders and Flame-Cutteis. 8-73Sheet-Metal Workers. 8-74Structural Metal Preparers and Erectors.

8-71Plumbers and Pipe Fitters vitrified clay and plastic; joins pipes and fittings using screws, bolts and couplings, or by brazing and Workers in this unit group assemble, fit, welding; caulks joints and tests them for leaks with install and repair plumbing fixtures, pipes and air and water pressure gauges; installs assemblies pipeline systems. and fixtures; does repair and maintenance work, such as replacing tap washers, mending burst pipes Their functions include: and clearing clogged drains; repairs holes made in cutting, threading, .,ending, jointing, assem: brickwork or concrete and painting affected by work. bling, installing and maintaining pipes, fittings8-71.10Pipe Fitter (General). and fixtures of drainage, heating, water supply Assembles, installs and maintains high-pressure and and sanitary systems; low-pressure systems of metal pipes, or combining assembling, installing and maintaining pipe-metal and non-metal pipes, for conducting air,gas, linesystems in buildings, industrial plants, steam, oil, water and other fluids: ships and aircraft; examines drawings and other specifications;cuts passage holes in walls and floors; cuts, reams, threads performing related tasks. and bends pipes; assembles pipe sections with coupl- Lead burner and Brazer are classified in unit ings, bolts and screws or by welding; caulks joints group 8-72. and tests them for leaks with air and water under pressure; secures pipe assembly in place with clamps, 8-71.05Plumber (General). brackets and hangers; connects pipes to equipment Assembles, installs and maintains pipes, fittings and and appliances, such as meters, taps, fans, pumps fixtures of drainage, heating, water supply and sanitary and torefrigerating, heating and air-conditioning systems: units; finds and repairs leaks, and repairs joints, examines drawings and other specifications; locates couplings and other fittings; repairs pipe passage and marks position of pipe and pipe connections holes in walls and floors. and passage holes for pipes in walls and floors; 8-71.20 Gas Pipe Fitter. cuts openings in walls and floors to accommodate pipes and pipe fittings; cuts, reins, threads and Installs, repairs and maintains gas mains and pipes; bends pipes; assembles and installsvalves,pipe supplying consumers from mains: fittings, and pipes composed of metals such as iron, performs tasks similar to those of Pipe fitter (general) steel, brass and lead, and non-metals such as glass, (8-71.10); checks and adjusts gradient of pipe in

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ground using levelling instrumentand blocks; installs 8-72.15Gas Welder. traps for catching condensed petrol,tar and water; flushes mains with chemical solutionand clears Welds metal parts by means of oxy-acetyleneor other smaller gas pipes by compressed-airblast. gas flame: 8-71.30 Marine Pipe Fitter. examines parts to be welded to determinebest method to use; prepares surfaces of partsto be welded; Assembles,installs, maintains and repairspiping selects torch nozzle and attaches itto blow-pipe; systems on ships: lights torch and adjusts flame by regulatingflow of performs tasks similar to those of Pipe fitter(general) gases; heats parts until they begin to melt andfuses (8-71.10); plans layout of pipe assemblyto be in- them by applying molten metal froma welding rod; stalled and makes wire template;prepares pipes and runs flame and welding rod along joint; cleansand assembles them according to template;installs piping smooths welded parts. and connects it with tanks, boilers,pumps and other May mark off parts and flame-cut metalbefore appliances and fixtures; tests assembliesbefore and welding. May specialise in type ofmetal welded or after installation. gas used and be designated accordingly.

8-71.40Aircraft Pipe and Tube Fitter. 8-72.20Electric Arc Welder (Hand). Assembles, installs and repairs fueland hydraulic Welds metal parts by means of hand-operated pipelines, instrument tubes, ventilatingconduits and equip- other pipes and tubes in aircraft: ment which produces heat froman electric arc: places parts (workpiece) in position;prepares' surfaces examines drawings and otherspecifications; marks location of clamps, brackets where weldingisrequired;selects electrode and or other supports, inserts it into portable holder;connects welding unit drills holes and boltsor rivets supports to structure; cable to workpiece; switches bends tubes by hand, by dies on power supply; holds or by machine to required electrode a short distance from workpieceto form shape; cuts tubes and shapes endsfor connection electric arc; guides electrode along line with other tubing or fittings;makes connections to of weld to such equipment as tanks and deposit metal from electrode andfuse parts together valves but not to in- and regulates supply of electricityto control deposit struments,electrical equipment, enginesor other of metal; cleans and smooths welded actuating equipment; repairs defective parts. tubing. May use carbon electrode and manually May specialise inhydraulic, ventilatingor other apply filler systems. rod to supply metal for fusing.May mark parts before welding and work accordingto drawings or 8-71.90 Other Plumbers and PipeFitters. other specifications. This group includes plumbers andpipe fitters not 8-72.25Electric Arc Welder (Machine). elsewhere classified, for examplethose specialising in installing and repairing pipes and tubesfor chemical Sets and operates stationaryor mobile machine processing apparatus, diesel engines,air-brake systems which welds metal parts by,means of an electric arc: on vehicles or steam distribution, or in fixing ofhangers performs tasks similar to those of Electricarc welder and brackets to support pipes,or assembling sections (hand)(8-72.20)but operates welding machine of steel pipe to be installed by pipefitters. equipment to manipulate workpiecesand electrode mechanically. 8-72Welders and Flame-Cutters 8-72.30 Thermite Welder. Workers in this unitgroup join and cut metal parts using flame, Welds metal parts bymeans of a thermite compound: electric-arc and other prepares and positions parts to be welded; builds sources of heat to melt and cutor to melt clay mould round parts at weld point;pours thermite and fuse metal. compound into mould; ignites compoundto heat Their functions include: parts and cause iron contained in compoundto melt, flow in mould and weld the parts; cleansand smooths welding metal parts, usinggas flame, electric welded parts. arc, thermite compound and other methods; 8-72.35 operating resistance weldingmachines; Resistance Welder. using blow torch to make andrepair lead Fuses and bonds metal parts bymeans of a machine in linings, pipes, floors and otherlead fixtures; which heat is provided by passingan electric current through the metal parts placedbetween electrodes or brazing metal parts together; pressed between roller electrodes: cutting metal pieces by means of gas flame examines drawings and other specifications;prepares and electricarc; and positions or guides parts to be weldedbetween joining metal parts by soldering; electrodes or roller electrodes;starts machine to pass performing related tasks. electric current through electrodesor roller electrodes; holds controls for specified timeto fuse metal by means 8-72.10Gas and Electric Welder (General). of pressure and by heat generatedthrough resistance of electric current at weld point;cleans 1.Lnd smooths Welds metal parts bymeans of oxy-acetylene, other welded parts. gas flame and electric arc: May operate spot, multiplespot, flash or butt welding performs, as necessary, tne tasksof Gas welder machine and be designated accordingly. (8-72.15) and Electric May operate arc welder (hand) (8-72.20). resistance-welding machine to do brazing. 216 7/8/9 I

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8-72.40Lead Burner. placed in joint, to melt solder and make joint; cleans soldered joint. Makes, installs and repairs lead and lead alloy tanks, tank linings, pipes, floors and other lead fixtures and May specialise in soldering a particular type of metal equipment by using blow-torch or oxy-acetylene torch or product and be designated accordingly. and hand tools: makes lead fittings and pipes using cutting and shaping 8-72.90Other Welders and Flanie-Cutters. tools and joining parts by fusing, riveting or hammer- This group includes welders and flame-cutters not ing lapped seams; examines lead parts to be installedelsewhere classified, for example those cutting metal by or repaired; installs lead pipes, tank linings, leadelectric arc; operating a jewellery-soldering machine; shielding and other lead fixtures; corrects malforma-soldering items together by clamping them after inserting tions and fills in cavities in lead parts with moltena solder or brazing alloy strip and placing them in lead; cleans with chemicals, cuts and levels edges ofspecial furnace, or on furnace conveyor; soldering items sections to be joined and fits them into place; fusestogether by clamping them and dipping in molten solder; sections together by moving flame of blow-torch orfilling holes, grooves and indentations of motor vehicle oxy-acetylene torch along overlapping joints or bybody panels with solder, using solder stick and oxy- heating joints with flame and adding lead from rod; acetylene torch. cleans and smooths welded joints.

8-72.45Brazer. 8-73Sheet-Metal Workers Bonds (brazes) metal parts together, using gas torch, Workers in this unit group make, install electric arc or other source of heat and applying brazingand repair articles and parts of articles of alloy and flux: sheet metal such as sheet steel, galvanised iron, cleans parts to be joined with wire brush and cleaning solution; coats parts with flux; lays solder or brazingcopper, tin, brass, aluminium and zinc. alloy on seams to be joined, heats edges by means of Their functions include: oxy-acetylene torch, electric-arc, induction coil or other heating device and brazes (bonds) them; cleans marking sheet metal for cutting and shaping; and smooths brazed joints. making and repairing articles in copper and May prepare own flux.May do brazing with resist-light alloys, such as containers and ducts; ance-welding machine. May specialise in type of making and repairing boilers, tanks, vats and metal or part brazed and be designated accordingly.other containers from sheet and plate steel; making and repairing household utensils and 8-72.50Flame-Cutter (Hand). other articles in tinplate, or ornamental articles Cuts metal by means of oxy-acetylene or other gasand fittings in sheet metal; flame: assembling,installing and repairing sheet- fixes appropriate tip into torch nozzle : lights torch and adjusts flame by regulating flow of gases; guides torchmetal parts of vehicles and aircraft; along cutting line to melt and remove a narrow strip of performing other tasks in making and repair- the metal, thus cutting the workpiece. ing sheet-metal articles. May work to drawings and other specifications and Metal spinner isclassified in 8-39.40 and mark out cutting lines.May do welding. May specialise in one type of cutting, such as scrap metalMetal-press operator in 8-39.60. cutting, and be designated accordingly. 8-73.10Sheet-Metal Worker, General. 8-72.55Flame-Cutter (Machine). Makes, installs and repairs a variety of sheet-metal Operates a machine which cuts metal plates and articles by hand and machine : structural shapes to required dimensions by means of selects sheet metal and marks it out according to oxy-acetylene or other gas flame: drawings and other specifications; cuts metal using sets up template in machine to guide cutting; lights pattern or template as guide; shapes metal by opera- torch and adjusts flame by regulating flow of gases; tions such as forming, bending, or beating, pre- sets and starts controls which move torch automatic- heating metal if necessary; punches or drills holes for ally over lines and arcs, or according to template rivets, bolts and screws; assembles parts and joins them contour, at desired speed. by welding,brazing,soldering,bolting,riveting, May guide torch by hand along cutting line to cut screwing or other methods; caulks 'seams and trims irregular shapes. sheet-metal edges; installs and repairs sbeet-metal articles. 8-72.60Solderer (Hand). 8-73.20Sheet-Metal Marker. Joins metal parts with soft solder by means of a soldering iron: Marks out sheet metal for cutting and shaping: cleans parts and coats them with flux; heats soldering examines drawings and other specifications; selects iron in flame or uses electrically heated iron; plunges metal and marks it with guidelines and reference tip of iron into cleaning compound and tin alloy or points. solder; applies hot iron to joint and simultaneously Metal marker (machine shop, metalworking) is classi- feeds solder against it, or presses it on solder stripfied in 8-32.50, and Structural metal marker in 8-74.20.

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8-73.30Coppersmith. performs tasks similar to thoseof Sheet-metal worker, Makes, installs and repairsarticles in copper and light general (8-73.10), butspecialisesinassembling, alloys, such as containers,ducts, cowlings and pipes: installing and repairing sheet-metalparts of aircraft. performs tasks similar to thoseof Sheet-metal worker, May specialise in particularparts of aircraft and be general (8-73.10), butspecialises in articles ofcopper designated accordingly. and light alloys; alsoworks with copper pipes,per- Airframe fitter-assembler is classifiedin 8-41.85. forming tasks similar to thoseof Pipe fitter (general) (8-71.10). 8-73.90 Other Sheet-MetalWorkers. May coat articles with tinand lead mixture and also work aluminium, stainlessmetals and various alloys. This group includes sheet-metalworkers not elsewhere classified, for example thoseassembling metal furniture 8-73.40Tinsmith. and those specialising ininstallation of sheet-metal fixtures and fittings in ships. Makes and repairs kitchenutensils and other articles in tinplate: Metal roofer is classified inunit group 9-53.50. performs tasks similarto those of Sheet-metal worker, general (8-73.10), butspecialises in tinplate articles. 8-74Structural Metal Preparersand Erectors May work zinc and variousalloys.May specialise in article made and be designatedaccordingly. Workers in this unitgroup shape, assemble and erect heavy metal 8-73.50 girders and plates to Boilersmith. form structuresor frameworks. Makes and repairs boilers,tanks, vats and othercon- tainers of sheet and platesteel: Their functirns include: selects metal and marks itaccording to drawings and marking metal membersto guide in cutting, other specifications; cutsplate to desired size anddrilling and shaping themfor use in buildings, shape, using power shearsor flame-cutting equipment;ships and other drills and punches holes for structures; rivets and bolts; shapes drilling, cutting and shapingstructural steel plate by bending it inpower-press; assembles parts byin a workshop; bolting, riveting or welding;caulks seams and rivet heads; chips burrs from plateedges; fixes tubes, valves, erecting steel members forbuildings, bridges taps and other fittings in position. and other constructions; May assemble prefabricatedparts, install boilers and assembling and erectingframework and other other objects mainly ofsheet steel, or specialise in major repairs. metal parts of ships'structures; shaping and fitting structuralsteel plates of 8-73.60 Ornamental Sheet-MetalWorker. ships under constructionor repair; Makes and repairs ornamentalarticles and fittings of riveting structural metalmembers by hand, sheet metal, suchas house and shop fittings: machine or pneumatichammer; performs tasks similarto those of Sheet-metal worker. performing related tasks. genera!(8-73.10),butspecialisesindecorative articles of sheet metal. Blacksmiths, hammersmithsand forging-press operators are classified in unitgroup 8-31, 8-73.70Vehicle Sheet-Metal Worker. Welders and flame-cutteriin unit group 8-72 and Reinforcing-iron Makes, alters and repairssheet-metal bodywork of worker in 9-52.30. vehicles such as automobiles,buses, trucks, wagons and railway coaches: 8-74.20Structural Metal Marker. lays out, cuts and joins parts using patterns, templates, Marks metal members and shears, hand tools and weldingor brazing equipment; heavy plates to guide repairs or replaces damaged workers cutting, drilling andshaping them foruse in fenders, panels and grills, buildings, ships and other using hand andpower tools; performs other tasks structures: similartothose of Sheet-metalworker, general examines drawings and otherspecifications or lays (8-73.10), in sheet-metalworking for vehicles. template on metal sections;uses measuring instru- May specialise in motor vehicle ments to locate positions for marks;marks location of body repairs (includ- holes, cuts and lines. ing spray painting) and beeesignated accordingly. ivlay make templates for Workers occupied primaritin assembling prefabrica- use in marking.May special- ted motor vehicle body !se in marking steel membersand plates for ship sections and welding, bolting, construction and be designated screwing or otherwisefixing them in positionon new accordingly. vehicle chassis are classifiedin 8-49.90 (Other machinery Metal marker (machine shop,metalworking) is classi- fitters,machineassemblersand preciSion-instrament fied in 8-32.50 and Sheet-metalmarker in 8-73.20. makers (except electrical)),or inunit group 8-72 (Welders and flame-cutters), as appropriate. 8-74.30Structural Steel Worker(Workshop). 8-73.80Aircraft Sheet-Metal Worker. Drills, cuts and shapes steelin workshop for buildings, ships and other structures: Assembles, installs and repairssheet-metal parts of aircraft: examines drawings andother specifications;cuts steel plates, angle irons andtubes, usingpower shears, 218 7/8/9

8-74.40 - 8.80.10

flame-cutter or other equipment;drillsholes for8-74.60 Hand Riveter. bolts and rivets. Rivets metal members such as plates, girders, columns May bend and otherwise shape plates.May complete and parts of smaller articles with hand hammer: subassemblies of structural members in workshop by aligns parts where necessary; inserts rivets in pre- riveting, bolting and welding. drilled holes or directs helper to do so; strikes rivet, Ship plater is classified in 8-74.55. which is held in position by helper by means of a heavy metal tool, with hand hammer to spread out 8-74.40Constructional Steel Erector. rivet end; removes loose rivets by cutting off rivet Performs various tasks in the erection of steel members head. and heavy plates for buildings, bridges, derricks and May drill and ream holes and caulk plates. other structures (except ships): examines drawings and other specifications; sets up 8-74.65Machine Riveter. hoisting equipment for raising and placing members; Operates hydraulic or other rivet press which rivets aligns and bolts members in position for riveting; steel plates, bars, beams or castings: drills or enlarges holes and smooths rough surfaces selects riveting dies and inserts them in machine: using pneumatic or electric tools. hoists plate or other workpiece into position and aligns May bolt, rivet or weld members together. dies and rivet holes; inserts rivets into holes or directs assistant to do so; regulates pressure of dies or dis- 8-74.50Metal Shipwright. tance between die and ram, according to size of rivets; Assembles and erects framework and other metal parts starts machine to apply hydraulic pressure or to activate of ships' structures: ram to spread out rivet ends. makes identification marks on structural members according to drawings and other specifications, to 8-74.70Pneumatic Riveter. guide assembly and erection; directs hoisting of mem- Rivets metal members such as plates and girders using bers in position, ensuring accurate alignment; boltspneumatically operated hand hammer: members into position,for welding or riveting; selects riveting die and inserts it in hammer; aligns installs deck plates, hatches and other metal parts. parts and inserts rivets in holes, or directs helper to do May make templates for parts having a special shape. so; holds hammer against rivet which is held in position by helper with a heavy metal tool; presses trigger 8-74.55Ship Plater. of hammer to cause die to pound and spread out rivet Shapes and fits structural steel plates of ships under end; removes loose rivets by cutting off rivet heads. construction or repair: May drill and ream holes and caulk plates. examines drawings and other specifications; marks steel plates to guide shaping and fitting; cuts and bends 8-74.90Other Structural Metal Preparers and Erectors. plates and drills and punches holes in them, guided by This group includes other structural metal preparers markings or template; squares, bevels or scarfs edges ofand erectors not elsewhere classified, for example those plates; fits plates in readiness for welding or riveting.who heat rivets in a furnace and pass them to rivet May heat plates before shaping. catcher or riveter.

8-8 JEWELLERY AND PRECIOUS METAL WORKERS Workers in this minor group make and repair jewellery and precious metal ware, shape and set gems and engrave designs on jewellery and precious metal ware.They are classified in the unit group mentioned below: 8-80Jewellery and Precious Metal Workers. Workers who cast precious metal ingots are classified in unit group 7-24, and those who anneal precious metals in unit group 7-26.

8410Jewellery and Precious Metal Workers making and repairing precious metal ware; Workers in this unit group make and repair rolling and beating precious metals; jewellery and precious metal ware, cut and set engraving letters and designs on jewellery gems and engrave designs on jewellery andand precious metal ware; precious metal articles. performing related tasks. Their functions include : 8.80.10Jeweller (General). Makes complete jewelleryarticlessuch as rings, making complete jewellery articles such asbrooches and bracelets: rings, brooches and bracelets; studies design and specifications, or prepares own cutting and polishing gems and setting them design; prepares or makes mould; melts platinum, in jewellery articles; gold, silver or their alloys and pours into mould;

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shapes moulded pieces, according to drawingsor other examines drawings and other specifications; selects specifications, by cutting, filing, beating, turning and metal of desired thickness and size; shapes articles by bending; engraves letters and ornamental designs; beating, bending and cutting; makes handles and forms prongs for stone settings; cuts, polishes and spouts by beating metal into shape and soldering engraves gems and precious stones and secures them seams; pierces holes; engraves designs; assembles and in settings; assembles finished parts "of jewellery and solders parts; polishes articles by buffing and rubbing; attaches clasps or decorations by soldering or other repairs articles by beating out deformations and filling means; smooths, coats and polishes metal surfaces. cracks or holes. May prepare own designs.May specialise in par- 8-80.20Jewellery Repairer. ticular metal or type of product and be designated Repairs and remodels jewellery such as rings, brooches accordingly. and bracelets: enlarges or reduces size of rings by sawing through8.80.60Precious Metal Roller. band and soldering ends after insertion or removal of piece; repairs broken clasps and other jewellery by Operates a rolling machine which rolls ingots of gold soldering, replacing broken parts and building upor other precious metals into strips of specified thickness:. worn or weak parts; reshapes jewellery according to passes ingot through rollers of machine, adjusting them designs and instructions, performing tasks similar to to obtain thickness desired. those of Jeweller(general)(8-80.10); smooths May anneal before rolling. May draw precious metals. soldered joints and polishes article. May specialise in metal worked and be designated May make jewellery. accordingly. 8-80.30 Gem Cutter and Polisher. 8-80.70Precious Metal Leaf Maker. Cuts, shapes and polishes precious or semi-precious stones by hand and machine: Beats gold or other precious metal strip to form thin cuts stone to rough shape by sawing or cleaving; leaves: rounds off stone by holding it against another stone cuts metal strips to required shape and places them revolving in a lathe chuck; grinds stone by applying between sheets of skin or parchment to form a "book"; it against revolving wheel coated with abrasive; makes lays book on anvil and hammers it to reduce thickness facets by pressing stone on horizontal revolving disc of metal; removes metal sheets from book and cuts charged with diamond dust and oil; polishes stone them into smaller pieces; interleaves sheets as before with buffing wheel, applying polishing compounds. and hammers book again; repeats process until metal May mount stone in holding agent for processing. is reduced to leaf of extreme thinness. May specialise in particular tasks or type of stone cut and be designated accordingly. 8-80.80Jewellery Engraver. 8-80.40 Gem Setter. Cuts letters and ornamental designs on precious metal ware and jewellery: Sets precious or semi-precious stones in jewellery: mounts article in vice and rotates and tilts vice to prepares settings to accommodate gems, and precious obtain best operational angle; polishes surface of stones by cutting, filing, drilling and forming the article; cuts letters or designs using engraving tools. metal; places stone in setting and secures it by bending inward holding prongs (claws) or forming a small May work from own or prepared designs.May ridge of metal around them; smooths and finishes specialise in material or product engraved and be setting. designated accordingly. May apply adhesive to setting to assist in securing stone. May specialise in type of setting or stone set 8-80.90Other Jewellery and Precious Metal Workers. and be designated accordingly. This group includes jewellery and precious metal 8-80.50Goldsmith and Silversmith. workers not elsewhere classified, for example those who decorate jewellery by colouring or enamelling; make and Makes and repairs gold, silver, or other preciousrepair imitation jewellery; make wax and metal models metal articles, or articles of pewter, such as tablewareand use these to make plaster moulds for casting items and artistic objects, using hand or power tools: of jewellery.

8-9 GLASS FORMERS, POTTERS AND RELATED WORKERS

Workers in this minor group blow, mould, press and roll shapes from molten glass; cut, grind and finish glass; form ceramics products fromt clay and abrasives; operate furnaces andkilns to make glass, bake ceramics and anneal and temper glass;engrave, etch, paint and decorate glass and ceramics articles; perform other functions in the manufacture of glass and ceramics products.They are classified in the unit groups listed below :

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8-91 - 8-91.44

8-91Glass Formers, Cutters, Grinders and Finishers. 8-92Potters and Related Clay and Abrasive Formers. 8-93Glass and Ceramics Kilnmen. 8-94Glass Engravers and Etchers. 8-95Glass and Ceramics Painters and Decorators. 8-99Glass Formers, Potters and Related Workers Not Elsewhere Classified.

8-91Glass Formers, Cutters, Grinders and adjusts weight of material emitted, machine speed Finishers and flow of compressed air according to requirements; ensures moulds are well lubricated; sees that opera- Workers in this unit group blow, mould, press tionsare properly synchronised and that articles and roll shapes from molten glass and cut, grind reach conveyor belt regularly; inspects samples of finished articles and makes adjustments necessary to and polish glass. rectify defects. Their functions include: 8-91.32Glass Lens Moulder. shaping molten glass by means of blowpipe, Shapes optical glass stock into lens blanks and shapes press-moulding or blow-machine moulding,similar objects from glass discs by heating, moulding hand moulding; heating and bending; and pressing: operating machines to draw flat glass, draw adjusts temperature of furnace to heat glass to required glass tubes and rods and roll plate glass; plasticity; places lump of optical glass on furnace floor, shapes heated glass between hand paddles to operating a machine to level and polish plate approximate form in order to avoid excessive strain glaSs; in glass, removes it from furnace, places it in press operating float-glass bath; and operates press to mould lens blanks; shapes heating, moulding and pressing optical glass glass articles, for example automobile lamp lenses, by placing glass discs in moulds and heating in furnace to make lens blanks; for time required for glass discs to take the shape grinding and polishing lens blanks; of the mould; moulds standard lens blanks, including grinding and bevelling edges of glass ; instrument and watch crystals, from heated squares cutting sheet glass with hand tool and sawing of glass by power press equipped with spoon die and ram; places moulded glass in containers for cooling. prisms and other shapes from optical glass blocks ; performing related tasks. 8-91.36Glass-Pressing-Machine Operator. Operates a machine which forms glass objects by 8-91.20Glass Blower. pressure-moulding: Blows molten glass into shape by means of blowpipe: shears proper amount of molten glass into mould dips end of blowpipe into molten glass, gathering from end of iron rod held by assistant; pushes mould amount required for object to be made; shapes glass to centre of press; moves lever to press plunger into by blowing into and manipulating pipe or by blowing molten glass; withdraws plunger when glass isset; glass into mould; detaches blown glass from blow- opens mould and releases glass object by using pipe by breaking glass connection. pincers or reversing mould. May work to drawings or other specifidations.May May maintain press in good order. specialise in making particular objects and be desig- 8-91.40Glass-Drawing-Machine Operator. nated accordingly. Operates a glass-drawing machine by which molten 8-91.24Scientific Glass Blower. glass is drawn as a continuous sheet of flat glass: Shapes glass tubing by blowing and bending to make sets rheostat to control speed of kiln rolls that draw scientific apparatus such as retorts and flasks, measuring glasssheet of specified thickness;regulatesgas- instruments and thermometers : firing of edges of glass sheet to prevent slippage examines drawings and other specifications; heats of sheet from guide wheels; observes glass sheet tubing to viscous condition over a Bunsen burner, through kiln peephole to detect defects, such as draws and blows heated tubing into shape by means stones and blisters; opens or directs opening of rolls of own breath or compressed air; bends and joins to allow passage of defective area to prevent break sections by heating over Bunsen burner and using in sheet. special tools, continuing blowing to ensure bends May operate a vertical or horizontal drawing machine and joints have correct thickness and diameter and and be designated accordingly. to obtain invisible joint. 8-91.44Plate-Glass Rollerman. 8-91.28Glass-Blowing-Machine Operator. Sets and operates machine to roll molten glass into Operates machine which shapes articles such assheets: bottles and glass parts of valves and light-bulbs from positionsglass-rollingmachine betweenmelting molten glass by blowing: furnace and lehr, using power winch; connects chain

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8-91.48 - 8-92

drive to rollers and cooling pipes to 'waterline;opens other abrasive to discduring grinding process; gate on furnace to start flow of molten glassto rollers; removes block from machine after specified time and regulates thickness of glass by raisingor lowering examines blanks for defects. upper roller and adjusts rheostat control to set speed May mount blanks on metal block. of rollers; observes glass for defects, suchas blisters and surface adhesions. May adjust movement of metal mesh when such8.91.72Lens Polishing-Machine Operator. material is being automatically embedded in the glass. Sets up and operates a battery of machines which polish surfaces of lens blanks to a high lustre: 8-91.48Plate-Glass Polisher. selects polishing disc with required dioptriccurve Operates a machine to polish and level plate-glass and secures it to spindle of machine; positions against surfaces: disc block on which lens blanks are mounted; starts positions plate-glass on machine bed; sets polishing machine and applies rouge abrasive to disc periodi- heads according to thickness required; starts machine cally during polishing process; removes block from and adjusts rate of flow of abrasive mixture through machine after specified time and examines blanks polishing heads. for defects. May operate machine to polish plate-glass surfaces May remove blanks from metal blocks and glue felt completely parallel. pad to disc.

8-91.52Float-Glass Bath Operator. 8-91.76Glass Tube Maker. Controls apparatus in which surface finish is given Operates a machine to make glass rods and tubes to a ribbon of glass by floating it on molten metal: from molten glass by drawing or drawing and blowing: observes instruments and regulates burnersto main- starts machine and observes rotation speed of chuck tain molten metal at required temperature; regulates and drawing and blowing mechanisms toensure flow of molten glass from furnace onto metal; observes that operations proceed correctly; sets and regulates glass to ensure that it receives desired surface finish; glass-cutting mechanism that cuts rods and tubes notes defects and makes appropriate adjustments to specified dimensions; notes defects and makes to apparatus. appropriate adjustments to machine.

8-91:56Glass Cutter. 8-91.80Glass Tube Bender. Cuts sheet glass by hand to prescribed dimensions Heats and bends glass tubing for making neon signs or according to pattern, using a glass-cutting tool: and other articles: places, or has placed, sheet of glasson cutting table examines drawings and other specifications; tacks against guiding edge; cleans places to becut; marks asbestos pattern on workbench; heats tube to viscous off measurements, pattern or templateon glass; condition over Bunsen burner at point where bend is draws cutting tool around patternor along straight desired; blows air through tube, by mouthor com- edge; detaches excess glass by handor pincers. pressed air, to prevent it collapsing and bends tube; places tube on asbestos pattern to check bend and 8-91.60Optical Glass Cutter. reheats and modifies bend if necessary; joins section% by heating over Bunsen burner and using speciai Cuts shapes from block of optical glasswith a tools, diamond-toothed saw, for useas lenses, prisms, mirrors continuing blowing to ensure joints have and other optical elements of precision instruments: correct thickness and diameter and to obtain invisible joint; finishes glass tubing electric signs by colouring, inspects glass blocks for defects suchas bubbles, sealing and fusing electrodes in ends. cracks or striae; clamps block in machineholder; starts machine, brings glassincontact with saw8-91.90 Other Glass Formers, Cutters, Grinders and blade and cuts it according to markingson glass; Finishers. removes cut piece from machine holder. May mark off glass.May cut pieces of optical glass This group includes glass formers, cutters, grinders to specified dimensions for moulding into lens blanks. and finishers not elsewhere classified, for example those ladling molten glass into moulds; gathering required 8-91.64Glass Edge Grinder. quantities of molten glass on end of metal rodand handing it to other workers; putting legs and feeton Smooths and bevels edges of glass: glassarticles; making laminated glass andvacuum regulates flow of abrasive compound andwater onflasks; operating automatic machines thatcap (score metal disc, or flow of wateron grinding wheel orand break) flat glass into sections of specified dimensions; belt sander; presses and turns edges of glassagainst operating a lathe to grind glass articles foruse in labora- revolving grinding tools to smoothor bevel edges. tory apparatus or to cut, shape and seal glass bulbs used in manufacture of electronic valvesor tubes. 8-91.68 Lens Grinding-Machine Operator. 8-92 Sets up and operates a battery of machineswhich Potters and Related Clay and Abrasive grind surfaces of lens blanksto desired specifications: Formers selects grinding disc with required dioptriccurve and secures it to spindle of machine; positions against Workers in this unitgroup make pottery, disc block on which lens blanksare mounted; startsporcelain ware, bricks, tiles and abrasive wheels. machine and periodically appliesemery, rouge or Their functions include: 222 7/8/9

8-92.10 - 8-92.50

making articlesof pottery and porcelain8-92.25Pottery and Porcelain Thrower. completely; Forms pottery or porcelain ware by moulding clay making clay or plaster-of-Paris models ofwith hands as it revolves on potter's wheel: pottery and porcelain ware for use in preparing sets ball of pliable clay on wheel; rotates wheel by foot treadle or by machine; centres clay on wheel moulds; by pressure of hands, softening it by manipulation making plaster-of-Paris moulds; and sprinkling water on it; moulds clay into desired forming ware on potter's wheel with hands, or shape. using interior or exterior moulding shapes and May make large ware by moulding separate sections shaping tools; and joining them together. forming ware by casting semi-liquid clay in Pottery and Porcelain Jiggerman. plaster-of-Paris moulds; 8-92.30 forming bricks and tiles of special shapes by Forms pottery ware by operating semi-automatic potter's wheel set up for repetitive work: hand; clamps mould, covered with flat sheet of clay, upon making ware by pressing plastic clay into potter's wheel; selects shaping tool according to moulds by hand; desired shape of ware and bolts it in position; sets operating screw-press or hydraulic press to automatic stop to obtain desired thickness of ware; make products from clay dust; starts wheel revolving, lowers tool to pare clay and shape the pottery ware; applies wet sponge as neces- operating a machine which extrudes moist sary to keep clay in condition for shaping; removes clay for further processing; finished article from machine. forming abrasive wheels by moulding or pressing abrasive mixture; 8-92.35 Pottery and Porcelain Caster (Hand). performing related tasks. Forms pottery and porcelain ware by casting semi- liquid clay (slip) in plaster-of-Paris moulds: 8-92.10Potter (General). fills pitcher with slip and pours it into mould; pours excess slip from mould after a clay shell of desired Makes completely pottery and porcelain ware by thickness has formed inside mould; sets full mould various methods: upside down on bench to dry; trims top of partly makes clay or plaster-of-Paris models for use in dry ware with knife; opens mould and removes ware; preparing moulds; makes moulds of plaster of Paris; scrapes ware with knife-like tool, sponges it and forms ware by moulding clay with hands as it revolves sets it on drying rack ready for kiln. on potter's wheel; operates a lathe. on which dry, unbaked ware is shaped by hand tools; forms ware8-92.40 Brick and Tile Moulder (Hand). by casting semi-liquid clay (slip) into plaster-of-Paris moulds; forms ware by pressing damp, plastic clay Moulds bricks and tiles,particularly those with into shape of mould; decorates, glazes and bakesspecial shapes, by hand: pottery and porcelain ware. applies thin coating of oil or clay dust or both to inside of mould to prevent moist clay from adhering to it; kneads moist clay on bench until it is of desired 8-92.15 Pottery and Porcelain Modeller. consistency and places or throws it into mould; Makes clay or plaster-of-Paris models of pottery and presses clay firmly into mould by hand, tamping it porcelain ware for use in preparing moulds: with a mallet or a pneumatic ramming tool; scrapes off projecting clay with float or trowel or by drawing examines drawings and specifications; makes model a wire across it; allows clay to remain in mould for by carving plaster or clay, by shaping material on short time to dry and shrink; turns out moulded a potter's wheel or on a lathe, or by other methods. brick or tile for removal to drying chamber. May create own designs. May specialise in modelling a particular type of product. 8-92.45Pottery and Porcelain Presser (Hand). Forms pottery and porcelain ware by pressing damp, 8-92.20Pottery and Porcelain Mould Maker. plastic clay by hand into shape of a mould: Makes plaster-of-Paris moulds for the manufacture places sheet of clay (bat) on mould; smooths clay of pottery and porcelain ware: down on mould, raising an edge of clay to let air takes model of article to be made and sets it in clay escape; trims edges of clay with hand tool until it so that only one half is exposed; applies soap solution fits mould properly; presses outside of clay into to exposed half of model; sets wooden form around proper form with specially shaped piece of wet sheet model; pours liquid plaster of Paris over model to rubber; sets article aside to dry. make one half of master mould (block mould); Usually makes oval, square or irregularly shaped turns mould over when dry, removes clay and applies articles. soap solution to other half of model; sets wooden form as before and pours in plaster to form other 8-92.50Pottery and Porcelain Die-Presser. half of block mould; casts a replica of model (case mould), using block mould as pattern; casts a number Operates a screw-press or hydraulic press to make of working moulds, using case mould as pattern. pottery or porcelain ware from clay dust:

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inserts steel die into press; pours moistened clay May specialise in operating a particular type of furnace dust into press; operates press to form articles such or in making a particular kind of glass, such as opticzl as electrical insulators and wall tiles; takes finished glass, and be designated accordingly. articles out of press. 893.30 8-92.55 Clay Extruding-Press Operator. Glass-Annealing Furnaceman. Operates a machine in which moist clay is extruded Operates annealing kiln or furnace to prevent or in strips for further processing: remove: internal stresses from glass or glassware: supervises placing of glass articles in furnace or adjusts feeds moist clay into machine; moves lever to regulate conveyor speed of automatic furnace; sets furnace speed of worm which forces clay through outlet; controls; observes glass or glass ware emerging from examines clay periodically asitis extruded and furnace for defects indicative of faulty loadingor notifies other workers as necessary to change moisture incorrect furnace temperature. content of clay before it enters press.

8-92.60Abrasive Wheel Moulder. 8-93.40Glass Temperer. Forms abrasive wheels by moulding and pressing an Tempers sheet glass to relieve stresses and harden it: abrasive mixture by hand or machine: fires furnace and adjusts controls to maintain specified selects mould of size and thickness of wheel to be temperature; suspends glass from clips and lowers it made; fills mould with required quantity of abrasive into furnace; removes softened glass from furnace and mixture and binding material; puts mould in press, places it between jets of cold air to cool it rapidlyor, starts press and applies required pressure or com- if glass is to be curved, presses it between shaping presses mixture in mould by hand; withdraws moulded moulds before cooling. wheel and allows to dry. May tend automatic machine to temper glass. May prepare abrasive mixture and mix it by machine. 8-93.50Pottery and Porcelain Unman. 8-92.90 -Other Potters and Related Clay and Abrasive Operates kiln to bake pottery, porcelain ware and Formers. other refractory products (other than bricks and tiles) This group includes potters and related clay and and to rebake them after glazing and decoration: abrasive formers not elsewhere classified, for example supervises loading of kiln; directs construction of those who operate a hand press to mould clay bricks and temporary casing doors and ensures that openings are tiles; smooth and trim pottery with hand tools; prepare sealed; fires furnace and adjusts air draught and fuel clay blocks for use in presses; drill holes in clay ware; or feed to regulate temperature; observes pyrometric operate machines to cut strips of clay into bricks or tiles. cones and meters to determine temperature of kiln and decides when baking is completed. 8-93 Glass and Ceramics Kfinmen May specialise in operating a particular kind of kiln Workers in this unit group operate furnaces and be designated accordingly. and kilns in the manufacture of glass and cera-8-93.60Brick and Tile Hillman. mics products. Operates kiln to bake bricks and tiles to proper hard- Their functions include: ness: operating a glass-making furnace; sees that bricks and tiles have been stacked correctly; operating a glass-annealing furnace to prevent starts gas or oil fires by lighting burners, or instructs other workers to kindle fire; regulates draught and fuel or remove internal stresses; feed to maintain kiln at correct temperature; observes operating a tempering furnace to toughen meters or pyrometric cones to determine when baking glass; is completed. operating kiln to bake pottery and porcelain May specialise in operating particular type of kiln and ware or to bake ware again to fix glazing and be designated accordingly. decoration; operating kiln to bake bricks and tiles; 8-93.90Other Glass and Ceramics Kamen. performing related tasks. This group includes glass and ceramics kilnmen not elsewhere classified, for example those who load kilns 8-93.20Glass-Making Furnaceman. before and unload kilns after firing pottery, porcelain, sanitary ware and refractory products; assist in the Operates furnace to melt and fuse premixed ingredientspreparation and firing of kilns. to make glass: pulls lever to dump mixture of ingredients, such as sand, soda, potash and cullet (waste glass) into furnace; 8-94 Glass Engravers and Etchers heats furnace and observes meters, gauges, and charts to determine air, gas and water pressure and air-gas Workers in this unit group engrave and etch ratio; observes pyrometer to determine furnace tem-designs on glass articles. perature and adjusts water, air and gas feed to maintain Their functions include: specified temperature; observes melting process and ensures that level of molten glass is maintained at engraving monograms and ornamental designs optimum height in furnace. on glassware with grinding wheel;

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etching decorative designs, calibration mark- spray-painting pottery, porcelain ware and ings and other figures on glass articles; tilcF,, and spraying liquid glaze on large pieces; cutting designs on glass articles with sand- covering biscuit ware with glaze solution by blasting equipment; dipping; performing related tasks. coating mirror glass with silvering solutions; performing related tasks. 8-94.20Glass Engraver. Engraves monograms and ornamental designs on8-95.20 Glass Painter. glass or crystal ware, using copper, steel or stone grinding Paints decorative designs on glass articles with a brush: wheels: mixes paints, such as enamels and precious metals, in traces or stencils design or marks reference points on solution or uses ready-prepared colours; places article article; mounts wheel of specified width and diameter to be painted on work bench and applies colours with a on machine; starts machine and holds glassware against brush according to pattern; wheel, turning and twisting article so that wheel May finish stencilled, stamped or other transferred grinds the glass according to the sketched design; designs by hand-painting outlines and correcting changes wheels to make cuts of different sizes; polishes defects. May place article in furnace at required article with fine abrasives, using buffing wheel. temperature and for prescribed period to harden and May dress and shape cutting wheels by holding dressing fix the decoration. stone against rotating wheel. Sign-painter is classified in 9-39.50. 8-94.30 Glass Etcher. 8-95.30 Ceramics Painter. Etchesdecorativedesigns,calibrationmarkings, Paints designs on pottery, porcelain ware and tiles numerals and other figures on glass articles with acid: with a brush: cuts design or other markings through wax cover on performs tasks similar to those of Glass painter glass article; prepares acid bath; dips glass into acid (8-95.20) but specialises in painting pottery, porcelain bath or exposes it to acid fumes to erode portion of ware and tiles by hand. glass not covered with wax; rinses etched glass in cold water to remove acid and in hot water to remove wax. 8-95.40 Ceramics Decorator. May coat articles with wax. Transfers designs onto pottery and porcelain ware by using stencils, transfers, rubber stamps and other means: 8-94.40 Glass Sandblaster. applies colours to articles to be decorated by such Cuts designs in surfaces of glass articles with sand- methods as spraying paint through stencils and blasting equipment: applying rubber stamps or transfers; places decorated transfers drawing of design to outer side of adhesive articles on rack to dry. tape; covers glass with tape and cuts design out of tape with knife to uncover area of glass to be sand-8-95.50 Ceramics Splay-Painter. blasted; operates compressed-air gun which blows fine Sprays paint on pottery, porcelain ware, bricks and sand against uncovered glass and cuts design; removestiles, or sprays liquid glaze on large pieces not suitable for protective tape from glass. dipping: fills container of spray-gun with paint or glaze of 8-94.90 Other Glass Engravers and Etchers. required colour; fixes container to spray-gun and This group includes glass engravers and etchers not couples gun to air hose; presses trigger and directs elsewhere classified, for example those who cover glass spray of liquid over surfaces of objects; places ware on with wax prior to etching operations; operate pantograph rack to dry; cleans spray-gun and hose with solvent. devices to cut designs in surface of glass articles; cut May use stencils for spray-painting designs. glass into decorative shapes; mark out glass objects for cutters and other workers; immerse glass articles in acid8-95.60 Ceramics Dipper. bath to give clear polish to decorations; or etch patterns and borders on glazed ware. Covers biscuit ware with glaze solution by dipping: grasps article such as dish, plate or saucer with fingers or tongs and dips it in tub containing liquid glaze; 8-95Glass and Ceramics Painters and removes it from tub, turns article to ensure even coating Decorators and throw off excess glaze; places ware on rack to dry and rubs glaze over spots touched by fingers or tongs; Workers in this unit group decorate glass and removes excess glaze from dry ware by rubbing it with ceramic articles. buffing wheel or other implement. Their functions include: May apply glaze with brush or sponge. painting designs with a brush on glass,8-95.70 Mirror Silverer. pottery, porcelain ware and tiles; transferring designs onto pottery and porcelain Coats new and old mirror glass with silvering solutions: weighs and mixes ingredients according to formula; ware by using stencils, transfers, rubber stamps lays cleaned mirror glass on silvering table; covers and other means; surface of glass with silvering solution; cleans, rinses

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and dries surface; coats dry mirror with shellac to 8-99.30City Mixer. protect silvering. Operates machine in which clay is ground, mixed and May apply silvering solution with spray-gun. tempered for use in ceramics manufacture: 8-95.90Other Glass and Ceramics Painters and regulates flow of material and water to machine; Decorators. examines by sight and touch the consistency of plastic clay coming from machine by conveyor beltor chute; This group includes glass and ceramics painters and makes minor adjustments to machine to alter,degree of decorators not elsewhere classified, for example those fineness of grinding or water content of clay. who coat ware or parts of ware with oil and dust oiled surface with powder colour; draw lines on ceramic ware 8-99.40Clay Slip Maker. to guide other workers in applying coloured glaze and Operates a machine in which clays are mixed intoa other decorations;polishgold-decorated ware bysemi-liquid form (slip) for making ceramic products: scouring with fine sand and finishing it with agateor regulates flow of materials to mixer; starts mixer and bloodstone; or tend machines conveying ware through allows it to run for specified time; pumps slipover glaze sprays, dipping troughs and drying rooms. magnets to remove iron or steel particles and then through filter-press to remove excess water; regulates 8-99Glass Formers, Potters and Related flow of slip by means of valve; cleans filters and Workers Not Elsewhere Classified magnets with water as required. Workers in this unit group perform tasks in8-99.50Glaze Maker. glass forming and ceramics making, baking, Mixes, grinds, fuses and regrinds ingredients suchas decorating and finishing not classified elsewhere. borax, lead, sand and lime to make glaze: weighs materials, dumps them into grinding mills and Their functions include: grinds them for specified time; drains mixture,passes mixing ingredients for glass making; it through serceas and heats it in kiln for specified time to fuse it; grinds fused material (frit) into fine powder preparing clay by milling and mixing machine; and mixes it with water to form slop for use in dipping making clay slip; process. making glaze; 8-99.60Abrasives Mixer. mixing abrasives; Mixes ingredients by machine to make grindingor operating a machine to extrude molten glasspolishing compounds: into fibreglass filaments; fills machine with specified ingredients by opening and performing other tasks in making and finishing closing valves; starts machine; runs machine until glass and ceramics products. ingredients are thoroughly mixed; stops machine and removes mixture. 8-99.20Glass Mixer. 8-99.70Fibreglass Maker. Weighs and mixes sand, soda, potash and other Operates a machine to extrude molten glass through materials used in glass making: a die to form fibreglass filaments: sets weighing machine according to instructions for sets and maintains furnace temperature; starts machine batch mix required; weighs quantities of ingredients and observes passage of glass over drawing apparatus required; notes degree of humidity of sand and corrects to detect defects such as beads or breaks; clears weights accordingly; dumps weighed materials in obstructions from die using wire pick; notes defects and mixing drum hopper and rotates drum; transfers makes appropriate adjustments. batch mix from drum to wagon for conveying to furnace; starts conveyors to replenish supplies of8-99.90 Other Glass Formers, Potters and Related materials in hoppers. Workers. May weigh and add small quantities of special addi- This group includes glass formers, potters and related tives, such as carbon, arsenic and pyrites. May oper-workers not elsewhere classified, for example those who ate automatic integrated weighing and mixing machine, operate filter-presses to remove excess water from clay; observing panel control lights and switching to manualoperate and supervise loading of battery of pans and control when necessary to maintain required propor-screens used for grinding and sifting clay; or tend tions of the different ingredients. machines which remove air bubbles from wet clay.

9-0 RUBBER AND PLASTICS PRODUCT MAKERS

Workers in this minor group knead and blend raw rubber and rubber compoundsand make articles, such as industrial accessories, footwear, domestic articles,sports and life-saving equipment and pneumatic tires, from natural and synthetic rubber and plastics, byextruding, moulding, laminating and vulcanising.They are classified in the unit groups listed below: 9-01Rubber and Plastics Product Makers (except Tire Makers and TireVulcanisers). 9-02Tire Makers and Vulcanisers.

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9-01- 9-01.55

Makers of sewn and stitched garments, gloves, furniture coverings and trimmings of rubber, rubberised or plastic materials are classified in minor group 7-9.Workers treating crude rubber (latex) to coagulate and cure (smoke) it are classified in 7-49.90.

9-01Rubber and Plastics Product Makers 9-01.30 Rubber Extruding-Machine Operator. (except Tire Makers and Tire Vulcanisers) Sets up and operates a machine in which compoundep rubber is extruded through heated die to form continu- Workers in this unit group knead and blendous shaped strip: raw rubber and rubber compounds and work selects die and fits it to machine; turns steam valve natural and synthetic rubber and plastics in to heat die to required temperature; feeds chunks the manufacture of such products as moulded of rubber into hopper of machine; starts machine footwear, domestic articles, toys, sporting equip- Which forces rubber through die; adjusts controls to synchronise speed of conveyor belt with speed ment, insulating materials, industrial accessories of extrusion of rubber. and life-saving equipment. May operate special types of extruding machines and Their functions include: be designated accordingly. kneading, mixing and blending raw rubber 9-01.35Rubber Moulding-Press Operator. and rubber compounds for further processing; Operates a machine in which soft, uncured rubber producing sheets of rubber or rubberised fabricis shaped in mould and vulcanised by steam heat: by a rolling process; places uncured rubber between upper and lower dies operating machines extruding compounded of mould; inserts mould in press; turns valve to lower rubber; ram on mould and to apply pressure and steam heat shaping uncured rubber by moulding; simultaneously; removes mould from press after specified length of time; opens dies and removes assembling domestic and other rubber goods; formed pieces with tongs or by hand; remove:: rind shaping plastic materials by injection-mould- from moulds, using air-hose or steel wool. ing, compression-moulding and extrusion; May operate press in which rubber is injected into laminating plasticsor plastic-impregnated moulds. May be designated according to articles materials; moulded. assembling or fabricating plastics products; Tire moulder is classified in 9-02.30. and performing related tasks. 9-01.40 Rubber Goods Assembler. 9-01.20Rubber Millman. Assembles rubber goods such as water bottles, ice Operates a machine which kneads, mixes, blends orbags, toys, ring cushions and sports articles from fabri- warms raw rubber or rubber compounds for furthercated parts: processing: stretches moulded opening in goods to insert parts adjusts steam and water valves to regulate heat of and accessories; clamps on buckles, straps and acces- machine rollers, judging heat by touch; starts machine sories with pneumatic or hand tools; wraps fabric and feeds stock through rollers to squeeze and knead tape around inserted closures and valves and stretches the material; adjusts scraper blade on machine to band of rubber over tapes; cements valves, closures remove sheet rubber adhering to roll or removes it and seams. by hand; folds and refeeds sheets between rollers, as May be designated according to product assembled. necessary to complete kneading, mixing or warming process. 9-01.50Plastics Injection-Moulding-Machine Operator. May wash or crack crude rubber by passing it through Sets up and operates machine in which plastic materials corrugated mill rolls and water spray.May weigh are shaped by injection-moulding: and measure liquid and dry chemicals and sprinkle fixes mould in machine; sets thermostat to obtain them over rubber as it is kneaded. specificd moulding temperature; loads pre-mixed Rubber Calender Operator. plastic materials into hopper; operates machine to 9-01.25 close, and inject materialinto, mould; removes Operates a machine whia produces sheets of rubber finished product from mould with hand tools; trims or rubberised fabric by a rolling process: off excess material with knife. adjusts steam valves to regulate heat of machine May mix materials and colouring pigments according rollers, judging heat by touch and by observing to formula in mixing machine. May grind scrap reaction of rubber; sets thickness gauge by turning hand-wheels; starts machine, feeds it with chunks plastic into powder for reuse. of rubber and, where appropriate, threads fabric9-0155Plastics Compression-Moulding-Machine through rollers; tests thicknet-s of product with gauge Operator. and makes necessary adjustments; supervises helpers who load and unload material from machine. Sets up and operates machine in which plastic materials May operate special type of calender which also are shaped by compression-moulding: laminates rubber by combining two continuous fixes mould in machine; sets thermostat to obtain sheets of material and be designated accordingly. specified moulding temperature; pours pre-mixed

227 7/8/9

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plastic compound into mould,or spreads fabricoperate machines for the fabrication of foam rubberor on mould and puts compound over fabric; operateslatex articles; operate machines for cold vulcanisation machine to lower hydraulicram which compressesprocesses; grind, buff, burr, polish, drill and otherwise compound in mould to form andcure part; removesfinish plastics by hand or machine; operate arid control cured part from mould, using hand tools and air-ovens (curing pots) to vulcanise rubber goods (except hose. tires) by means of pressurised steam; operate other May mix catalysts and colouring pigments withspecialised equipment for fabricating particular rubber plastic compound, using paddle and mixing machine.or plastics products. 9-01.60 Plastics Extruding-Machine Operator. 9-02Tire Makers and Vulcanisers Sets up and operates a machine in which plastic materials are extruded through a die to form continu- Workers in this unit group make pneumatic ous rods, tubes, strips and other products: tires for vehicles suchas bicycles, automobiles, selects die and fits it to machine; connects hose to tractors and aircraft. circulate steam, water, air or oil to die holder; fills Machine hopper with dry or dough-like plastics and Their functions include: starts machine; synchronises speed of conveyor belt building up tires on a form; with speed of extrusion through die; inspects extruded curing tires in mould; product and makes necessary adjustments to obtain desired form; supervises workers cuttingoff or rebuilding used tires; winding extruded material. performing related tasks. 9-01.65Plastics Laminator. 9-02.20 Tire Builder. Operates a machine in which layers of plasticsor Builds up pneumatic tires on a form: plastic-impregnated materials are heated and pressed wraps layers of rubberised fabric around form as it is to form a solid laminated product: turned by hand or machine; presses layers together assembleslayersof materials; places assembled and guides them to shape of form by means of hand layers between plain or engraved metal plates and roller or other hand tool; places beadingon edge inserts them in machine press; operates controls of fabric layers and folds fabric evenly around it; to apply the heat and pressure required to consolidate winds on cushion band, rubber side walls and tire layers and to impart desired finish; removes lami- tread; trims tire, removes it from form and places it to one side in readiness for moulding and vulcanising nated product and inspects it for defects. (curing). 9-01.70Plastics Products Assembler. 9-02.30 Tire Moulder. Performs marking, cutting, sealing and trimming Moulds and cures (vulcanises) pneumatic rubber tasks in the assembly of plastics products, such as bagstires in pot heater or watchcase mould: and inflatable toys: places moulds containing green tires in pot heater, marks cutting lines of sections to be assembledon using hoist, or places tires containing air bags in plastic sheet; cuts sections from sheets, using knife, watchca.se mould press; couples steam hose to air scissors or power-cutting machine; positionssec- bag in mould to expand tire; pushes switchor pulls tions on jig and aligns seams and air valves; brushes lever to close and lock cover; opens steam valve and glue along edges of sections, seals edges with hot iron sets timer for specified curing time; lifts moulds or electric sealing machine, and trims edges with from pot heater or cured tires from watchcase mould scissors; examines articlesfor defects and takes and places them on hand-truck or conveyor. remedial action; cleans markings and dirt from articles. May be designated according to type of mould used. May also cure air bags and inner tubes. 9-01.80Plastics Products Fabricator. Moulders of reconditioned tires are classifiedin 9-02.40. Fabricates plastics articles, such as signs, aircraft parts and window awnings: 9-02.40Tire Rebuilder. lays out cutting lines an plastic sheet; cuts parts from Operates machines to recap or retread used tire sheet, using router or band-saw; softens plastic incasings: oven and moulds part to shape on form or jig; cuts, pushes tire against power buffing wheels, using tire drills and trims parts, using router, milling machine, holder to prepare tire for recapping or retreading; power saw and lathe; fits and assembles parts, using builds new tread onto buffed casing, using brushor jigs, clamps, files and glue; sands and polishes parts, spray gun to apply tire cement; rolls tread to bond it using portable,sanding and buffing machines. to casing; operates mould that vulcanises tread onto tire and moulds tread design. 9-01.90 Other Rubber and Plastics Product Makers (except Tire Makers and Tire Vulcanisers). May perform separate tasks of buffing, retreadingor moulding and be designated accordingly. This group includes rubber and plastics product makers (except tire makers and tire vulcanisers) not 9-02.90Other Tire Makers and Vulcanisers. elsewhere classified, for example those who coat fabric This group includes tire makers and vulcanisers not and other products with rubber by rubber-spreadingelsewhere classified, who perform specialised tasks in machine or by immersing them in rubber solutions;fabrication of pneumatic tires, other than tire moulding, operate presses which emboss rubber or cut it to shape; building or rebuilding.

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9-1 PAPER AND PAPERBOARD PRODUCTS MAKERS

Workers in this minor group make boxes, envelopes, bags and other products from paper, paperboard, cardboard, cellophane and similar materials.They are classified in the unit group mentioned below : 9-10Paper and Paperboard Products Makers.

9-10Paper and Paperboard Products Makers9-10.50 Paper Box Cutting- and Creasing-Press Operator. Workers in this unit group make boxes, Sets and operates machine which cuts and creases envelopes, bags and other products from paper,cardboard and paperboard sheets to form box blanks: sets die in machine and performs other preparatory paperboard, cardboard, cellophane and similar tasks according to type of machine; starts machine materials. and feeds sheets into press; folds or bends cut and Their functions include: creased sheets periodically to determine conformity to specifications and makes necessary adjustments making and decorating paper boxes by hand to machine. or machine; . May set and operate machine also equipped to print setting and operating machines which glue information or decoration on box blanks. paper to cardboard, cut it to required length or cut and crease cardboard or paperboard 9.10.60Cardboard-Press Operator. sheets to form box blanks; Operates machine which presses paper to form operating machines which press paper to formdrinking cups and other containers: installs dies in machine; starts machine; regulates drinking cups and other containers; controls to heat lower die and moisten paper; ensures setting and operating machines which cut, fold cardboard sheets are fed regularly into machine; and glue paper to make envelopes and paper observes operation to detect faults; removes com- bags or which form bags from cellophane, special pleted articles and waste material. types of paper and similar materials; 9-10.70 Paper Bag and Envelope Maker (Machine). performing related tasks. Sets and operates machine which cuts, glues and folds 9-10.20 Paper Box Maker (Hand). paper to make envelopes and paper bags: Makes and decorates paper boxes by hand: fills glue reservoir; sets cutting, gluing and folding cuts cardboard or paperboard blanks to required devices and automatic counter; feeds blank sheets shape; folds and glues or clips pieces together to form or roll of paper into machine; starts machine and box; covers boxes by gluing protective or decorative observes operation; examines finished products for paper. conformance to standards and makes necessary adjustments to machine. May fix paper lace or partitions in box. May set and operate machine also equipped to print 9-10.30 Paper Box Maker (Machine). on envelopes and paper bags. Sets and operates various machines which cut, fold, and glue or clip paper and cardboard to make boxes 9-10.80Cellophane Bag Maker (Machine). and other articles: Sets and operates machine which forms bags from adjusts feeding devices according to size of article tocellophane, special type.s of paper and similar materials: be made; adjusts mechanism controlling cutting, sets metal form on which bag is shaped into machine; folding, gluing and clipping operations; starts machine loads roll of cellophane, waxed paper or similar and feeds blanks into machine; ensures that operation is material on machine spindle; threads material through proceeding correctly aad makes necessary adjustments. cutting, gluing, and folding devices; adjusts machine May set machines only and supervise operators. to obtain bags of specified sizes; starts machine, observes operations and makes necessary adjustments. 9-10.40 Cardboard Lining-Machine Operator. May also set and operate machine equipped to print Sets and operates machine which glues paper to information or decorations on bags. cardboard and cuts it to required length: regulates distance between feeding and gluing rollers 9-10.90Other Paper and Paperboard Products Makers. and sets shears to cut required length; fills glue This group includes, paper and paperboard products reservoir of machine; threads paper from roll through makers not elsewhere classified, for example those who guide and gluing rollers; regulates temperature ofmake suitcases with specially treated cardboard; operate heated rollers and starts machine; feeds cardboardmachines making paper caps, garlands and other paper blanks into machine rollers; examines boards to seenovelties and paper tubes; make envelopes by hand; they have been lined and cut correctly and makesglue decorative and protective paper on surfaces of necessary adjustments to machine. completed boxes; check and put together sets of playing May mix glue solution. cards.

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9-2 PRINTERS AND RELATED WORKERS

Workers in this minor groupcompose type, cast and engrave printing plates and.operate printing presses to print text and illustrationson paper, metal, cloth or other material; bind books; develop and print photographic still andmotion-picture films; perform other related tasks.They are classified in the unit groups listed below: 9-21Compositors and Type-Setters. 9-22Printing Pressmen. 9-23Stereotypers and Electrotypers. 9-24 Printing Engravers (exceptPhoto-Engravers). 9-25 Photo-Engravers. 9-26 Bookbinders and Related Workers. 9-27 Photographic Dark-Room Workers. 9-29Printers and Related Workers Not ElsewhereClassified. Proof reader is clasiified in 3-99.40.

9-21Compositors and Type-Setters corrected proof, makes necessary alterations totype or set-up and sends to pressman; distributes type Workers in this unitgroup set and arrange into proper compartments after use. printing type by hand and machine. May print and correct own proofs. May prepare Their functions include: layout and make up pages of type. setting type by hand and printing copies with9-21.30Linotype Operator. small machine; Operates keyboard of machine which selectscorres- setting type by hand; ponding matrices of letters from magazines, assembles operating linotype, monotype andtype-cast-them in lines and automatically castsa strip of type ing machines; (slug), for each line: sets marginal stops and gauges according to length arranging set-up of type and spacing material and thickness of lines to be formed; reads original and illustration blocks to makepages; copy and presses keys of keyboard so that matrices arranging pages in sequence for printing; are selected from magazines and assembled intoa operating keyboard of machine whichrepro- line; starts mechanism to cast slug when line iscom- plete and deposit it in galley;passes galleys on for duces letters on film or sensitisedpaper for proof printing; examines proof and makesnew lines photographic reproduction plates; to correct errors; maintains supply of type metal performing related tasks. in melting-pot of machine. May specialise in a particular kind of linotype machine, 9-21.10Printer, General. such as intertype machine, and be designated accord- Sets type and operates a small printing machine: ingly. May work on numerical-controllinotype sets type by hand in composing stick and forms machine. galley; prints proof; checks it forerrors and makes9-21.35 Monotype Keyboard Operator. corrections; arranges set-up type to form a sequence Operates keyboard of machine which perforates strips of pages and locks in chase; sets and operatesa small cylindrical or flat-bed letterpress to print requiredof paper tor use in a monotype casting machine: number of copies. examines copy, selects and installs keyboardon May print such items as letterheads, address cards machine according to size and style oftype required; and handbills. sets and locks scale to indicate spacing of words in line; inserts paper roll through guideson machine; 9-21.20 Hand Compositor. admits compressed air to machine; readscopy and presses keys of keyboard to obtain required per- Sets type by hand for printing: foration in paper strip; spaces out linesas necessary; examines manuscript to determine length of linesand removes perforated strip from roll and passes it on type to be used; adjusts guide in composing stickto for type-casting, with instructions. required length of lines; readscopy, selects type, May work on numerical-control monotype machines. arranges it in stick and inserts spaces to form line; places leads between lines; slides linesonto galley9-21.40Type-Casting-Machine Operator. when composing stick is fullor when set-up is com- Sets up and operates machine which automatically plete and passes galleyon for proof printing; examines casts lines of type for printing:

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places perforated roll of paper on holder, threadspresses; impress metal sheets in makingbraille type; end of paper through machine guides and attaches and arrange photo-composed type-film on paper (posi- it to winding roll; sets machine compo3ingstick tive) for reproduction on printing plates. to length of line according to instructions;selects matrix case and fixes it in position; locks galley on 9-22Printing Pressmen bed cre machine; starts machine; sees that casting is proceeding correctly and maintains supply of molten Workers in this unit group set and operate metal and cooling water; stops machine whengalley various types of machines which print on paper, is full or paper roll is finished; removes galley and passes type on for proofprinting; removes andtinplate and other materials. stores paper strip. Their functions include: May operate machine to cast hand-set type.May setting and operating cylinder, platen, rotary, operate machines to cast type-setting characters. offset, direct lithographic, rotogravure and wall- 9-21:45Printing Maker-Up. paper printing presse.; Arranges set-up type, spacing material and illustra- performing related tasks. tion blocks to form pages for printing: 9-22.20Cylinder Pressman. arranges type and illustrations according toinstructions or own judgment; places spacing material Sets and operates a printing machine in which separate between type and blocks and between columns; sheets of paper are pressed by means of cylinder on inked inserts or removes leads for proper spacing betweentype locked on flat surface: lines; places number at top or bottom of page; ties cleans inking rollers and replaces them in machine; up page with cord for delivery to imposer. fills ink fountain and regulates flow of ink on inking May set headlines. rollers; locks type in position on bed of press by means of wedges; places woodenblock over type 9-21.50Imposer. and taps it with mallet to level printing surface; packs surface of cylinder with tissue paper so that all Arranges pages of set-up type is predetermined order parts of print receive correct pressure; starts press and locks them in chase in readiness for printing: and runs off proof sheet; examines proof sheet and places pages of type side by side on imposing stone makes an overlay by pasting patches of paper on or table, so that when sheets are printedand folded portions of light impression and by cutting out pages will appear in numerical order; placesspacing portions of dark impression; places overlay on cylinder material around pages of type; checks alignment and in perfect alignment with type; runs off several proof spacing of letters and columns and makes necessary sheets and makes adjustments until evenly printed adjustments; places chase frame around assembled proof is obtained; sets and adjusts paper guides, pages of type; locks type in frame by meansof wedges; paper feeding and automatic countingmechanism; places wooden block over type and taps it with mallet starts press and ensuresthatprinting proceeds to level printing surface; tests solidity of assembly correctly. and passes it on for proof printing; examines corrected May direct helpers to perform some of above-men- proof and makes necessary alterations. tioned tasks or to feed paper to machine by hand. May print and correct own proof. May arrange May mix inks. May work on numerical-control pages of type for printing in more than onecolour. cylinder printing presses.May be designated according to type or name of press. 9-21.55Photo-Type-Setting Machine Operator. Operates keyboard of machine which reproduces9-22.25 Platen Pressman. letters on film or sensitised paper for eventual repro- Sets and operates platen-type printing Tress to production on printing plates: duce printed material: places unexposed film or sensitised paper in photo- performs tasks similar to those of Cylinder pressman graphic element of machine; examines layout copy (9-22.20), but operates a platen-type printing press. for typographical indications, such as spacing type- faces and length of lines; starts machine and sets9-22.30 Rotary Pressman. dialaccording to typographicalinstructionson Sets and operates a printing machine in which con- layout copy; reads copy and depresses keys of key-tinuous roll of paper (web) is printed by means of board to reproduce required letters on film or sensi-stereotype plates locked in revolving cylinder: tised paper; manipulates machine controls as necessary to change type size and spacing, adjust camera cleans inking rollers and replaces them in machine; light and eliminate incorrect lines; removes container fills ink fountains and regulates flow on inking rollers; with exposed film or sensitised paper on completian locks printing plates in position on cylinders; super- of operation and sends it to developing room. vises loading of paper rolls on machine; threads paper through machine guides and rollers;adjusts May work on numerical-control photo-type-setting rollers, automatic counting and paper-folding and machines. -cutting mechanism; makes trial run; checks legibility and uniformity of printing and makes further 9-21.90Other Compositors and Type-Setters. adjustments if necessary; restarts press and raises it This group includes compositors, type-setters and to full speed; checks printed copies at regular intervals photo-type-setters not elsewhere classified, for example and ensures that printing, folding and cutting proceed those who take proofs of set-up type by means of proof correctly; rethreads paper if web .breaks.

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May direct helpers to perform some of above-men- 9 -22.70Wallpaper Printer. tionedtasks.May work onnumerical-control rotary letterpress. Sets and operates a machine in which patterns of various designs and colours are printed on wallpaper 9-22.40Offset Pressman. or other decorative papers by series of engraved rollers: Sets and operates a machine in which separate sheets cleans inking rollers and replaces them in machine; of paper, tinplate or other materials are printed by locks printing rollers in position on machine; threads roller which obtains an ink impression from engraved paper through machine guide and rollers; fills colour (lithographic) plate: boxes with required inks; adjusts printing rollers and scraper blades which remove excess of ink from cleans inking rollers and replaces them in machine; surface of rollers; prints test piece of paper, compares examines plate for defects; washes plate to remove it with sample and makes necessary adjustments; protective coating and make surface more ink- starts machine and ensures that printing proceeds attracting; packs back of plate with tissue paper to correctly. obtain desired printing thickness; clamps plate in position on cylinder, adjusting it for correct tension; May mix inks to match colours. inserts packing under rubber blanket of impression roller until roller has correct diameter; fills ink foun- 9-22.90 Other Printing Pressmen. tain and regulates flow of ink on inking rollers; This group includes printing pressmen not elsewhere adjusts space between cylinders according to thickness classified, for example those who assist printing machine of sheets to be printed and sets water-damping rollers operators to prepare, feed, tend and clean presses. to deliver proper moisture to non-image portion of plate cylinder; runs off several proof sheets and makes further adjustments if necessary; sets and adjusts 9-23Stereotypers and Electrotypers paper guides and checks paper feed; starts press and ensures that printing proceeds correctly. Workers in this unit group make printing May direct helpers to perform some of above-men-plates from set-up type by stereotyping and tioned tasks. May mix inks. electroplating processes. Their functions include: 9-22.50Direct Lithographic Pressman. making moulds of set-up type with papier- Sets and operates machine in which sheets of paper, tinplate or other materials are printed directly frommache, wax or other materials; prepared lithographic stone: making printing plates by casting metal in cleans inking rollers and replaces them in machine; moulds of papier macho or other material bear- examines prepared lithographic stone for defects;ing impression of type, or by putting metal cleans stone to remove protective coating and make backing on shell made by electroplating moulds surface more ink-attracting; clamps stone in position on bed of press; fills ink fountain and regulates flowto reproci ace type; of ink to inking rollers; adjusts space between stone performing related tasks. and cylinder according to thickness of sheets to be printed and sets water-damping rollers to deliver 9-23.20Stereotyper. moisture to non-image portions of stone; runs off Performs all or several of the tasks involved in making several proof sheets and makes further adjustmentsprinting plates from set-up type by stereotyping process: if necessary; sets and adjusts paper guides and auto- lays sheet of papier-m'ach6 or similar material on type matic counting and feeding mechanism; starts machine and presses it in hydraulic or roller press to make and ensures that printing proceeds correctly. mould; removes mould from press and trims edges; May direct helpers to feed sheets into machine or turns mould face down and fills in hollows on back perform some of above-mentionedtasks.May of mould with pieces of heavy paper or felt to prevent mix inks.May operate hand press. it bending _during casting process; heats mould and sets it in casting box; pours molten type metal into 9-22.60Rotogravure Pressman. box to make plate; allows metal to cool and removes Sets and operates machine that prints on continuous plate from box; shaves, trims, and smooths plate roll of paper from photo-engraved plates or cylinders as required; curves plates for cylindrical presses; upon which the subject-matteris etched below the prints proof from plate and makes new plate if surface: necessary. cleans inking rollers and replaces them in machine; 9-23.30Electrotyper. locks plate or cylinder in position on machine; fills ink fountains and regulates flow of ink; threads paper Performs all or several tasks in making printing plates through' machine guides and rollers; adjusts rollersfrom set-up type by electroplating process: and paper-folding and -cutting mechanism; sets and lays sheet of wax-coated metal, plastic or lead on type adjusts scraper blade which removes excess of ink and presses it by hydraulic press to make mould; from surface of plate or cylinder; makes trial run; removes mould from press and trims edges; coats checks legibility and uniformity of printing on paper mould withelectro-conductivesubstance;places and makes further adjustments if necessary; restarts mould in electrolytic bath until shell of desired thick- machine and raises it to full speed; checks printed ness has formed on mould; removes shell from copies at regular intervals and ensures that printing, mould by rinsing it in hot water; pours backing of foldi.,g and cutting proceed correctly;rethreads molten metal on shell and allows it to cool and form paper through press if web breaks. plate; shaves, trims and smooths plate; curves plates

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9-23.90 - 9-24.60

for cylindrical presses; prints proof from plate and May engrave some parts by machine. May correct makes new plate if necessary: errors in prepared plates, rollers and dies by cutting in omitted lines or dots and by filling up incorrect cuts with metal.May adapt pattern to particular 9-23.90Other Stereotypers and Electrotypers. article for which die is made. May engrave plates, This group includes stereotypers and electrotypers rollers or dies for specific purposes and be designated not elsewhere classified, for example those who special- accordingly. ise in making quantities of copies of original stereotype plates in plastic. 9-24.30 Wood, Rubber or Linoleum Block Engraver (Hand). 9-24Printing Engravers (except Engraves wood, rubber or linoleum blocks for use in Photo-Engravers) printing on wallpaper, textiles or other materials: draws pattern of engraving on blocks; cuts out parts Workers in this group engrave lithographic of block, leaving pattern on raised parts; repeats stones and printing plates, rollers, dies and operation on separate block for each colour of blocks by various processes other than photo- pattern. May design simple patterns. gravure. Their functions include: 9-24.40 Metal Printing Roller Engraver (Machine). cutting designs through film of gum arabic or Operates machine which engraves copper or other other substance applied to surface of litho- soft metal printing rollers by pressing with an embossed graphic stone; hard metal roller: sets embossed hard metal roller and soft mete roller engraving steel and copper plates, rollers, dies to be engraved into machine and in contact with each and wood, rubber and linoleum blocks by hand; other; starts machine and gradually increases pressure engraving soft metal rollers by machine; between rollers as impression is made; stops machine engraving metal plates and rollers with panto- when impression of required depthisobtained; moves rollers to new position and repeats prncess graph machine; to engrave another section adjacent tothefirst, transferring designs from lithographic stone continuing until engraving is completed. to metal plates; etching metal plates or rollers with acid; 9-24.45 Engraving Pantograph Operator. performing related tasks. Engraves metal printing plates or rollers with panto- Engraver and etcher (artistic) is classified ingraph machine: polishes surface of plate or roller and clamps it in 1-61.50.Photo-engravers are classified in unit position under cutting tools; clamps pattern plate group 9-25. inposition under tracing point;adjusts control bar to required scale; starts machine and manipu- 9-24.15Lithographic Stone Engraver. lates control bar so that tracing point follows pattern Prepares lithographic stones by coating them and on master plate and cutting tools reproduce it on cutting away surface film according to design: plate or roller. treats clean, polished stone with gum arabic or other9-24.50 Direct Lithographic Transferrer. means to render surface impervious to grease; out-. lines design on sheet of celluloid or tracing paper; Transfers designs from prepared lithographic stones covers traced lines on design with coloured chalk; to metal plates for use in printing: places design face down on surface of stone and rubs inks stones and impresses inked design on special back of paper to transfer design; cuts design through paper by means of press; transfers design from paper surface film using sharp pointed engraving tools; to chemically coated plate; washes plate with weak applies grease on stone surfaces laid bare by the acid to remove coating from around design; damps tools. plate and re-inks design to intensify it; dusts design May brush protective coating on design and lightly with protective powder and etches plate with acid etch stone with acid to desensitise it to ink. May to desensitise the non-printing portions to ink. cut fine lines by machine to shade design. May transfer illustrations from lithographic stone to cellophane sheets for use in photo-engraving of 9-24.20 Metal Printing Plate, Roller and Die Engraver plate. (Hand). 9-24.60 Metal Engraving Etcher. Engraves steel or copper plates, rollers and metal dies with hand tools for use in printing on paper, textiles, Etches printing plates or rollers with acid: metal, plastics, porcelain or other materials: polishes plate and applies coating of wax to it; scribes traces pattern directly on plate or roller, or scribes it desired design through wax with sharp-pointed tools; on gelatine sheet; dusts graphite intooutline on immerses plate or roller in acid solution so that part gelatine' sheet and transfers outline to hard metal of metal not covered with wax will be eroded; removes rollers or dies to be engraved; engraves lines, dots plate or roller from acid bath after specified period; and dashes in positions, depths and sizes required measures depth of erosion with micrometer; repeats to outline design. operation until metal is etched to required depth;

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9-24.90 - 9-26.20

rinses etched metal in cold water to remove acid and spreads photo-sensitive material evenly over metal then in hot water to remove wax. plate by hand or machine; places sensitised plate face up on bed of composing machine; mounts nega- 9-24.90OtherPrintingEngravers(exceptPhoto- tive in frame over plate or mounts negative directly Engravers). on plate; turns on arc light and exposes plate to This group includes printing engravers (except photo- negative for a specified period; removes plate and engravers) not elsewhere classified, for example those treats it with developing ink until image appears; copying designs on lithographic stones prior to engraving; washes plate with water and applies solution to engraving wooden rollers; cutting metal stencils. remove undeveloped coating. 9-25.50 Photogravure Etcher. 9-25Photo-Engravers Etches photo-printed metal plates with acid for use Workers in this unit group prepare metalin printing: brushes acid-resistant materials on design photo- plates by photogravure process for use in printed on plate; places plate in etching machine; printing. starts machine which sprays acid on plate and causes Their functions include : parts not covered with acid-resistant materials to be eroded; removes plate from machine before acid performing all or several tasks in preparation penetrates under printed design; washes and dries of printing plates by photogravure process; plate and dusts it with acid-resistant powder; places photographing illustration and text material plate in stove to harden powder on design; replaces to obtain negatives; plate in etching machine and repeats operations until required depth of etchingisobtained; cleans off retouching negatives; powder from finished plate with alkali solution. reproducing materialtobe printed from May etch plates by immersing them in acid bath. negatives on metal plates; May touch up plate by hand etching. etching photo-printed plates with acid; retouching plates; 9-25.60Printing Plate Retoucher. performing related tasks. Corrects imperfections in etched printing plates to make them ready for use: 9-25.10Photo-Engraver (General). examines plates under magnifying glass for defects; cleans off burrs or bits of metal; repairs defective Prepares metal printingplatesby photogravure half-tone dots; corrects defects in lines and intensifies process: light or dark portion of plate, using engraving tools. photographs copy of matter to be printed; develops May re-etch design on plate before mounting and make film and retouches negativeifnecessary;prints negative on metal plate; etches metal plate with acid; proof from retouched plate. retouches plates. 9-25.90 Other Photo-Engravers. May mount plates on wooden blocks. May make This group includes photo-engravers not elsewhere proof from finished plate. classified, for example those who grain metal plates 9-25.20Photogravure Cameraman. prior to coating them with photo-sensitive material; mount printing plates on wooden blocks;prepare Photographs illustrations and textual materials to monochromatic or polychromatic photo-engraving plates obtain negatives for use in making metal printing plates: or films by an electronic process. mounts copy of matter to be printed on board in front of camera and illuminates it with strong artificial light; adjusts camera to obtain picture of desired 9-26Bookbinders and Related Workers size and focuses lens; places fine cross-lined glass Workers in this unit group bind covers to screens between film and copy for half-tone printing; takes photograph of copy; develops film to obtainbooks and perform book-finishing operations. negative. Their functions include : May prepare photo-sensitive glass plates for exposure binding books and periodicals by hand; in camera and do retouching. setting and operating bookbinding machines; 9-25.30Photogravure Retoucher. embossing designs or titles on books by hand Retouches photographic negatives to make them moreor machine; suitable for use in preparing metal printing plates: performing related tasks. examines negative for defects; makes unclear lines sharper by cutting away darkened emulsion with 9-26.20 Bookbinder (Hand). stylus; paints out spots or blemishes and alters tone Binds printed material together by hand to make of negative to match illustration or text to be printed. complete books, collections of documents and series of May specialise in retouching colour negatives. periodicals, fixes them in covers and performs book - finishing operations: 9-25.40Photo-Mechanical Transferrer. folds printed sheets of book to be bound to form Reproduces matter from photographic negatives on sections (signatures); gathers signatures in correct metal plates for use in printing: order and collates them; sews signatures together to

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9-26.30 - 9-27.50

form body of book; compresses sewn signatures in Their functions include: hand press; trims, rounds and grooves edges of pages as required; rounds back of book body into* convex processing colour and black-and-white films shape; makes hinges by gluing fabric or heavy paper and plates to obtain negatives or transparent strips on back of book body; makes book cover and positives; glues it on end sheets and on back of book body; puts book in press and allows glue to dry. printing and developing black-and-whiteor May perform some tasks by machine. May embosscolourphotographswithcontact-printing designs and titles on covers and decorate book edgesequipment; with plain or mixed colours or with gold leaf.May enlarging or reducing photographs; rebind damaged or worn books. performing related tasks.

9-26.30 Bookbinder (Machine). 9-27.20 Colour Developer. Performs seriesof tasks inbinding books with Treats exposed colour film with series of timed che- machines: mical and water baths and diffused light in dark-room sews together signatures to form book bodies with to prepare coloured negatives and transparent positives: sewing machine; compresses sewn-together signatures for developing reversal film to produce positive, of book bodies to uniform thickness with smashing immerses film in developer and colour developer, fixing machine; trims books to size with powered cutting and hardening solutions, rinsingit between each machine; inserts each book into machine which bath, and dries it; for developing negative film to rounds backs and forms grooves at back edge in which produce negative immerses film in colour developer, covers are hinged; stacks and aligns books and glues bleaching and fixing solutions, rinsing it between each super-lining and back-lining on each book; glues chemical bath, and dries it; times period of immersion cover to end sheets and places books in press to dry. in each bath and maintains solutions at required May fabricate cover for book, cutting and trimming temperature; replenishes solutions. cover material. May emboss designs and titles on Workers operating colour motion picture film devel- covers and decorate book edges with plain or mixed oping machines are classified in 9-27.90. colours.May operate various types of machinery and be designated accordingly. 9-27.30 Black-and-White Developer. Treats exposed black-and-white film and photogra- 9-26.40 Book Embosser (Hand). phic plates with series of timed chemical and water baths in dark-room to prepare black-and-white nega- Embosses designs or titles on book covers with handtives and positives: tools: prepares reqUired developing solutions by mixing marks off cover with guide lines; fits metal type into chemicals and water according to formulae; immerses holder or selects die of design to be reproduced; film or plate in developer solution to make image heats type or die and presses it into cover according visible; rinses film or plate into fixing bath to produce to markings. transparent and light-constant negative; rinses nega- May imprint designs or titles in gold, silver or colours. tives in water to wash off fixing solution; dries nega- May apply coat of varnish to embossed covers. tive by swabbing off excess water with sponge and hanging in clean air; times period of immersion in each bath and maintains solutions and water at 9-26.50 Book Embosser (Machine). required temperature. Sets up and operates electrical pressing machine to May prepare transparent positives from negatives. emboss designs or titles on book covers: May do contact-printing. installs metal type or die in machine and switcheson die heating element; fixes reel of coated ribbonon9-27.40 Photograph Printer. spindle and threads it through machine guides and Prints and develops black-and-White and colour under die to automatic take-up reel; places bookphotographs with contact-printing machine indark cover in position; operates machine to emboss book room: cover and removes finished item. examines negatives for contrasts, and selects appro- May use automatic feed machine. priate photographic paper to produce clear prints; positions negative and paper in printing frame, 9-26.90Other Bookbinders and Related Workers. fastening down edges; arranges lights to compensate for variations of light and shade in negative; exposes This group includes bookbinders and related workers negative and paper to light for timed period, using not elsewhere classified, for example those who decorate colour filters when processing colour prints; develops book edges with plain or mixed colours, or with gold exposed print in series of timed chemical and water leaf, by hand. baths; dries and trims finished prints. May apply glossy finish to prints by heated metal 9-27 press. May printcolour photographs byother Photographic Dark-Room Workers methods, such as projection or reproduction process. Workers in this unit group process exposed 9-27.50 Photograph Enlarger. photographic still and motion picture film and Enlarges or reduces photographs with projection make photographic prints. printer in dark room:

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inserts negative in holder on printer and switches 9-29.30Silk-Screen Printer. on light which shines through negative to easel below; adjusts various parts of printer and centres image to Prints on paper, metal, textile and other materials secure desired projection; determines exposure timeby silk-screen process: and lens opening and selects appropriate photogra- mounts stencil on silk screen; stretches and fits silk phic paper; switches off light and fixes photographic screen on printing frame; bolts printing frame to paper in easel; switches on light, and exposes paper hinged outer frame on printing table; places paper to light for a timed period, shading darker areas of or other material to be printed accurately in position image to produce prints with roughly equivalent and lowers screen on to it; deposits ink of required intensity or correcting colour deficiencies of negative colour on screen and forces it through stencil and with colour filters; develops exposed prints in series screen by means of squeegee; lifts screen, removes of timed chemical and water baths; washes, dries and printed material and repeats process to obtain required trims finished prints. number of prints; repeats process with new stencil May apply glossy finish to prints with heated metal for each additional colour in design; cleans screen press. with solvent at end of run or when colour of print is to be changed. 9-27.90 Other Photographic Dark-Room Workers. May use automatic or semi-automatic screen printing This group includes photographic dark-room workers machine. not elsewhere classified, for example those who operate automatic printing and developing machines which9-29.40 Block Printer. produce photographic prints in large quantities; operate machines for developing and drying motion picture Prints designs on cloth and wallpaper with engraved films; inspect reels of developed colour film for defects; blocks of wood, rubber or other matelial: operate photographic print-washing machines; and sets cloth or wallpaper in position on printing table; operate X-ray film developing machines. coats block with required colour by pressing it on colour pad; places block in exact position on cloth 9-29Printers and Related Workers or wallpaper and raps it sharply with weight; repeats process until whole length of material has been Not Elsewhere Classified printed; repeats process with new block for each Workers in this unit group carry out printing additional colour in design; removes finished cloth tasks not elsewhere classified. or wallpaper from table and allows it to dry. Their functions include: 9-29.50 Textile Printer. cutting stencils for silk-screen printing; Sets and operates machine which prints patterns of printing on paper, metal, textile and othervarious designs and colours on textile material by means materials by silk-screen process; of engraved printing rollers: printing designs on cloth or wallpaper with cleans inking rollers and replaces them in machine; locks printing rollers in position on machine; threads engraved blocks; cloth or yarn through machine guides and rollers; printingpatternson cloth by machine fills colour boxes with required inks; adjusts printing equipped with engraved rollers; rollers and scraper blades which remove excess ink performing related tasks. and particles of material from surface of roller; prints test piece of cloth or yarn, compares it with 9-29.20 Silk-Screen Stencil Cutter. sample and makes adjustments if necessary; starts Cuts stencils, according to design, for use in silk- machine and ensures printing proceeds correctly. screen printing: May mix inks to match colours. May specialise in superimposes shellac-coated transparent paper on printing a particular type of textile and be designated design of matter to be reproduced; cuts design in accordingly. shellac with knife without cutting paper; irons paper on silk or fine copper-mesh screen to transfer shellac 9-29.90 Other Printers and Related Workers. stencil to it; cuts different stencils for each colour This group includes printing workers not elsewhere to be reproduced. classified, for example those who specialise in making May draw design directly on screen and make stencil silk-screen printing stencils by photographic process; by filling in surfaces round design with glue, lacquer operatingpaper-embossingpressorrelief-printing or paper. May operate silk-screen printing equipment. press.

9-3 PAINTERS

Workers in this minor group prepare structural surfaces for painting and apply decorative and protective coatings to buildings, ships, motor vehicles and articles of wood, metal, textile and other materials (except glass and ceramic products). They are classified in the unit groups listed below:

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9-31Painters, Construction. 9-39Painters Not Elsewhere Classified. Glass and ceramics painters and decorators are classified in unit group 8-95.Paperhanger is classified in 9-59.25.

9-31Painters, Construction exteriors or interiors and similar pieces of stage and film sets; specialise in a particular type of finish such Workers in this unit group prepare surfaces as graining or marbling; prepare surfaces for painting; of buildings and other structures for painting and paint ships' woodwork and interior fittings; paint apply protective and decorative coats of paint railway coaches and wagons. and similar materials. Their functions include: 9-39Painters Not Elsewhere Classified applying coats of paint,. varnish, shellac and Workers in this unit group apply decorative similar materials to exterior surfaces, trimmingsand protective coatings to articles of wood, and fixtures of buildings; metal, textiles and other materials (except glass applying paint, red lead, bituminous emulsionand ceramics). and similar materials on ships' hulls and metal Their functions include: superstructures, steel frameworks of buildings, coating and staining articles with paint, bridges and metal structures; enamel, lacquer and similar substances to give performing related tasks. them a decorative or protective covering, using Painters of motor vehicles are classified inbrushes, rollers and spray equipment; unit group 9-39. immersing articles in paint, enamel, lacquer or similar substances; 9-31.20Building Painter. laying out and painting letters and designs to Applies coats of paint, varnish, shellac and similarmake signs; materials to exterior and interior surfaces, trimmings and fixtures of buildings to protect and decorate them: painting motor vehicles; mixes paint according to colour and other charac- performing related tasks. teristics required by stirring together proportions Glass and ceramics painters and decorators are of pigment,oil,thinning and drying substances;classified in unit group 8-95. erects scaffolding or positions ladder; removes old paint with scraper, wire brush, ..lowtorch or liquid paint remover; cleans surfaces with brush, cloth or 9-39.20Brush-Painter (except Construction). abrasive material and patches cracks and holes with Applies decorative and protective coatings of paint, putty, plastic wood or other filler; applies undercoatenamel and lacquer on wooden, metal and other manu- and one or more other coats of paint or other materialsfactured articles (except glass and ceramics) with brush to surfaces with a brush, roller or spray-gun. and hand rollers: May finish and decorate surfaces with stippled, wood- selects and mixes colouring materials to obtain grain, marble or brick and the effects or by gilding, desired shade; applies one or more coats of colouring silvering or painting over stencils. May paint fixtures, material to articles to be painted, using brush or fittings and other objects in buildings, fences and roller; brushes on paint, following patterns or marks, other appurtenances. May hang wallpaper. or applies paint through stencil; finishes and decorates Paperhanger is classified in 9-59.25. surfaces with stencilled designs, wood-grain, marble or other effects, gilding, silvering and other special 9-31.30Structural Steel and Ship Painter. finishes; rubs painted surfaces with abrasives or Applies coatings of paint, red lead,bituminous other materials to obtain even finish. emulsion and similar protective materials on bridges, May be designated according to object painted or ships' hulls and metal superstructure, steel framework material used. of buildings, storage tanks and other metal structures: Sign painter is classified in 9-39.50. rigs up scaffolding, cradles, ladders and other equipment; scrapes dirt, rust or scale from surface to be9-39.30Spray-Painter (except Construction). painted; brushes paint or other materials on surface. Applies decorative and protective coatings of paint, May mix paint and linseed oil, colouring matter orenamel and lacquer on metal, wooden and other manu- other substances to obtain proper consistency andfactured articles with a hand-spraying device: colouring. May burn off old paint with blowtorch selects and mixes paints to obtain desired colour; and smooth surfaces before painting. pours coating material into tank of spraying device; adjusts air pressure valves and nozzle; directs spray 9-31.90Other Painters, Construction. over surfaces to apply prime and finishing coats; This group includes construction painters not elsewhere applies masking tape to parts and areas that are not classified, for example those who paint imitation building I to be painted.

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May prepare surfaces for painting usingscrapers, outline from paper to surface to be painted; mixes abrasives, chemicals or other means. May be desig- paints and pigments to obtain required colours and nated according to article coated or material used. paints letters and designs, using a selection of brushes. Ceramics spray-painter is classified in 8-95.50. May make signs by cutting out and sticking goldor Workers specialising in hand-spraying motor vehicle silver leaf lettering to surfaces. May use stencils. bodies are classified in 9-39.60.. May cut and assemble forms for metal or wooden signs.

9-39.40 Hand Dipper. 9-39.60Automobile Painter. Paints automotive vehicles such as automobiles, buses Immerses articles (except ceramics) in paint, enamel,and trucks: stain, varnish, lacquer and similar liquids to imparta protective or decorative coating: removes old paint from vehicle or damaged parts using adds ingredients to vat according to specifications; paint solvent and scraper; applies base coating and rubs it down to smooth surface; places coverson places articles in wire basket and immerses them in windows, chromium-plated and other parts whichare liquid by hand or by using a hoist,or dips them not to be painted; mixes paints to obtain required directly by hand; withdraws articles from vat and colour; paints vehicle or particular parts withspray - removes excess liquid. gun; paints lines and retouches paintwork with a brush. May clean articles before dipping. May place coated May polish finished surfaces. articles in oven to dry enamel or other coating. May be designated according to article dippedor type of9-39.90Other Painters. coating applied. This group includes painters not elsewhere classified, Ceramics dipper is classified in 8-95.60. for example those who touch up blemishes innew paintwork to perfect the finish of manufactured articles; 9-39.50Sign-Painter. operate automatic spray-painting devices to coat (dip or spray) new motor vehicle bodies or other articles Plans, lays out and paints letters and designsto make on a signs: conveyer; operate a paint-striping machine to paint stripes on street and highway surfaces; operate other types of prepares layout for sign; marks outlines of letters and painting machines or paint-drying and paint-baking designs directly on surface to be painted,or transfers devices.

9-4 PRODUCTION AND RELATED WORKERSNOT ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED

Workers in this minor groupare production and related workers who are not classified inany other minor group.Included in this group are craftsmen and specialisedworkers performing functions requiring application of particulartechniques, use of particular toolsor machines and abilities and experience in working particularmaterials in order to make such articlesas musical instruments; baskets and brushes; products ofcast concrete, asbestos cement, artificial stone and other non-metallic mineral products; objects of cork;linoleum; dolls and stuffed toys; rubber stamps; candles; photographic film andpaper; matches; buttons; and various other products. The group also includes those whoprepare and stuff skins of animals and birds to give life-like form. Also includedare those performing other product-making and processing tasks not elsewhere classified.They are classified in the unit groups listed below: 9-41Musical Instrument Makers and Tuners. 9-42Basketry Weavers and Brush Makers. 9-43Non-Metallic Mineral Product Makers. 9-49Other Production and Related Workers.

9-41Musical Instrument Makers and Tuners building and repairing organs and making Workers in this unitgroup make, repair andparts of organs from wood, leather, metal and tune stringed, wind or percussion instrumentsother materials; with hand or power tools. making instrumental parts of pianos from wood, felt, metal, wire and other materials and Their functions include: assembling and repairing pianos; making and repairing accordions, stringed and tuningorgans, pianosorother musical wind instruments; instruments;

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making and repairing other musical instru- making action parts or organ pipes, and be designated ments; accordingly. performing related tasks. 9-41.70Piano Maker. 9-41.20Stringed Instrument Maker. Makes, assembles and repairs instrumental parts of pianos of wood, felt, wire and other materials, using hand Makes and repairs stringed instruments of wood, and power tools : ebonite, metal and other materials, using hand and power makes dampers, checks, hammers and other parts for tools: the piano action; joins them together and fits them in selects and marks materials, cuts out, drills, carves, position; adjusts action by loosening or tightening shapes and finishes parts of instrument; fixes parts setting of hammers and by ber ...sing spring wire in together by gluing, screwing or otherwise; applies hammer butts with fingers; makes and assembles piano stain and varnish; attaches strings, pegs and other keys; assembles and mounts sound board on back fittings; tests instrument and makes changes to improve panel of piano; cuts piano strings to required length tone if necessary. and attaches them to rest pins in frame. May specialise in making or repairing a particular May tune pianos. May specialise in one or more type of stringed instrument. operations, such as making action parts, keys or sound- buards, and be designated accordingly. 9-41.30Woodwind Instrument Maker. 9-41.80Musical Instrument Tuner. Makes and repairs wind instruments, mainly of wood, using hand and power tools: Tests and adjusts mrsical instruments, such as pianos selects and marks materials, cuts out, drills, shapes andand organs, to produce correct tones and keep instrument finishes parts of instruments; fixes parts together byin good condition: screwing, gluing or otherwise; fits keys and other strikes tuning fork and compares tone with that of attachments into position; tests instrument and makes pipe, string or reed; adjusts distance between lips of changes to improve tone if necessary. pipe, adjusts string tension or shaves reed until tone May make metal parts. May specialise in making or coincides with that of tuning fork; adjusts other pipes, repairing a particular type of woodwind instrument. strings or reeds, comparing their tones with the one previously tuned. 9-41.40Metal Wind Instrument Maker. May repair instruments and replace broken or defective parts.May specialise in tuning a particular instru- Makes and repairs metal wind instruments, using hand ment and be designated accordingly. and power tools: cuts and bends metal tubes and shapes other metal9-41.90Other Musical Instrument Makers and Tuners. pieces as required; makes valves and pistons on lathe and makes keys by cold-forging, filing and grinding; This group includes musical instrument makers and fits and solders together pistons, valves, keys and other tuners not elsewhere classified, for example those making parts; tests instrument and makes changes to improvedrums and xylophones. tone if necessary. May repair instruments. May specialise in making a 9-42Basketry Weavers and Brush Makers particular type of instrument. Workers in this unit group weave baskets, 9-41.50Accordion Maker. make wicker furniture and assemble brushes and Makes and repairs accordions of wood, paper, plastics, brooms. artificial leather, metal and other materials, using hand Their functions include: and power tools : builds box sections of plywood; glues and clamps making various kinds of baskets by interlacing joints; cuts slots in each end of keys; makes bellowsosier, rattan, reeds, rushes or similar material; of plastics or paper covered with artificial leather; sets selecting and preparing brush materials, such reeds in holding blocks and verifies pitch with tuningas bristles, fibre, nylon and wire, and setting fork; glues plastic strips on box ends and keys and glues bellows to end of each case; trims material withthem in brush base; knife; finishes accordion with lacquer or other decora- selecting and preparing materials, such as tive or protective covering. broom corn,bass, whisker and fibre, and fastening them to broom handles; 9-41.60Organ Builder. making wicker furniture from peeled and Makes the instrumental parts of organs of wood, metal, softened rattan, reeds, rushes, willow and similar leather and other materials, using hand and power tools, and builds and repairs organs: material; Makes parts for organ action; bolts down, couples up performing related tasks. and rivets together key-boxes, drill stops and other9-4210Basket Maker. parts; makes organ pipes of wood or casts various metals and forms pipes; builds organs in churches, Makes baskets and other basketry articles by inter- cinemas and other buildings; repairs organs. lacing osier, willow, rattan and similar materials by hand: May installmechanical orelectrical components. forms bottom of basket by interlacing strips of rattan, May specialise in one or more operations, such as wood veneer or other material with framework of

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rods of material such as willow; inserts rods around Their functions include: edge of bottom between woven sections of bottom and bends them upright to serve as framework for sides; performing one or more tasks in the manufac- weaves strips through rods until sides are completed;ture of pre-cast concrete products suchas tapers or points ends of protruding rods, bends themflagstones, fencing posts, moulded pipe and inserts them into spaces in top edge of basket. sections and trench liners, walling and partitionslabs, 9-42.30Brush Maker (Hand). or in making asbestos cement products suchas building components, cable conduits, fume Selects and prepares brush materials, suchas bristles, and fibre, nylon and wire and sets them in brush base: dust extraction conduits,or in making cast stone grades and mixes filling material according to type offor building purposes; brush and cleans and prepares it; sorts andarranges performing related tasks. material in tufts; inserts tufts in prepared holes and secures them with glue, cement, pitch or wire; trims9-43.20 Cast Concrete Product Maker. brush material to required length. Performs one or more tasks in themanufacture of May perform certain tasks by machine. precast concrete products, suchas kerbstones, flagstones, fencing posts, moulded pipe sections andtrench liners, 942.40 Broom Maker (Hand). lintels, blocks, concrete bricks and tiles,composite building units, walling and partition slabs,segmented tunnel Selects and prepares materials, such as broom corn,linings and foundation piling: bass, whisker and fibre and fastens them to broom handles by hand: sets or assembles moulds; positions reinforcementin mould; starts moulding machine to grades and mixes broom material according to type and cast concrete; fills and compacts concrete in mould; strips mouldand cleans and prepares it; arranges material around end performs external finishing. of broom handle and fastens it to handle with wireor metal strips; builds up successive layers of broom May perform particular task in the manufactureof material, pounds it to shape shoulders and ties it with precastconcreteproductsandbedesignated thong ready for stitching; trims broom material to accordingly. uniform length. 9-43.30 Asbestos Cement Product Maker. May be designated according to type of broom made or material used. Performs one or more tasks in the manufactureof asbestos cement products suchas building sheets, slates, pipes, cable conduits, ventilators, fumeand dust extrac- 9-52.50 Wicker Furniture Maker. tion conduits: Makes wicker furniture from peeled and softened treats asbestos fibre in grinding mills toprepare correct rattan, reeds, rushes, willow sticks and similar materials texture for use and blends it as required; mixes treated by hand: fibre with cementand water; operates machineswhich bends rods of material over gas flame or steam jet to mould and press the mixture to produce pipes, asbestos desired shape and fastens them together to form frame; cement sheets and other asbestos cement products. weaves and winds willow, plaited rushes, split canes May perform particular task in the manufactureof or similar material in, through, and around frame; asbestoscementproductsandbedesignated strengthens and conceals frame joints by winding accordingly. material around them; cuts off, concealsor weaves together loose ends to finish edges. 943.40 Cast Stone Maker. May specialise in fabricating a particular articleor part Performs one or more tasks in the manufacture ofcast of furniture and be designated accordingly. stone for building purposes: sets or assembles moulds; mixes, by hand or machine, 942.90 Other Basketry Weavers and Brush Makers. materials such as gravel, granite chips, slag, breeze, sand and stone dust with water and cement in This group includes basketry weavers and brush makers pro- not elsewhere classified, for example those who plait portions required; fills mould and allows mixtureto braids of grass, reed and similar material for making set; removes cast stone from mould; finishes caststone by smoothing surface with sandstone, polishingwith mats and other articles; staple rims of basketcover emery and buffing wheel, and bevelling corners and mats by machine; split canes or willow rods by handor edges. machine; operate machines which automatically drill holes and insert bristlesin brushes; operate mixing May perform particular task in the manufacture ofcast machine to clean and mix bristles used in brushmanu- stone and be designated accordingly. facture; stitch brooms by machine to shape and strengthen 9-43.90 them; make flue, bottle and similar brushes by placing Other Non-Metallic Mineral Product Makers. bristles or similar material between wires and twisting This group includes non-metallic mineral product the wires by hand or machine to clamp the bristles. makers not elsewhere classified, for example those making abrasive-coated cloth and paper. 9-43 Non-Metallic Mineral Product Makers 9-49Other Production and Related Workers Workers in this unit group make products Workers in this unit groupare production and composed primarily of non-metallic mineralrelated workers not classified inany other unit materials. group.

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Their functions include : of uncured rubber; clamps rubber-covered mould under steam chamber of vulcaniser until rubber is preparing, stuffing and mounting skins of cured; removes cured rubber from mould, trims and animals and birds; mounts stamp on wooden or metal backing with performing one or more tasks in the making rubber cement. of products such as linoleum, dolls, stuffed toys, candles, photographic film and paper, pencils,9-49.60 Candle Maker. crayons and coloured chalks, inatches, corks and Performs one or more tasks in the manufacture of other articles of cork, buttons, metal and woodencandles by dipping or moulding: to make candles by dipping, suspends candle wicks toys; from metal frame; manipulates pulley system by hand making rubber stamps; or with motorised mechanism to dip wicks into molten inspecting finished products or parts for con- wax, paraffin or similar materials as many times as formance to manufacturer's standards, finish necessary to build up candles to required dimensions; to mould candles, places wicks in moulds; pours and appearance. molten wax, paraffin or similar material around wicks into moulds; allows wax to harden in moulds, admitting 949.20 Taxidermist. cold water to jackets surrounding moulds to speed Prepares, stuffs and mounts skins of animals and birds hardening process. in life-like form: May operate cast-moulding machine to form candles. removes skin of bird or animal, taking care to preserve hair or feathers and other outward features in natural949.70 Photographic Fflm and Paper Maker. state; rubs preservative solutions into skin; makes body Performs one or more tasks in the making of photo- foundation with wire, wood and papier-mach6 to give graphic film and paper: natural attitude and to show form of specimen; covers foundation with skin using special adhesive; fits teeth, forms emulsion jelly by mixing gelatine, water and claws, feathers, glass eyes and other parts. chemicals in kettle, heating for prescribed period and allowing mixture to cool; melts and ripens emulsion May mount specimen in case with representation of jelly prior to coating, controlling temperature to pro- natural surroundings. duce emulsion of required viscosity and adding further 9-49.30 Linoleum Maker. chemicals according to type of coating required; operates coating machine, feeding film of paper base Performs one or more tasks in the making of linoleum: material into machine, which moves it on rollers mixes materials such as oil, rosin and ground cork in a through liquid emulsion, over a chill roll or into a mixing machine to produce linoleum cement; operates cooling chamber to set emulsion, and, slowly, through calender machine which spreads linoleum cement on a drying tunnel supplied with warm, filtered air; burlap or hessian; stores coated cloth in heated rooms operates rotary slitting machine which slits film or to dry and harden; operates rotary machine which paper into narrow width and automatically re-reels prints patterns on linoleum by means of engraved or each width. cut hollow rollers fed with various oil colours; passes May perform particular task in making photographic linoleum through machine which trims edges and cuts film and paper and be designated accordingly. off desired length. May perform particular task in linoleum making and949.80 Quality Inspector. be designated accordingly. Inspects finished products or parts for conformance to manufacturer's standards, finish and appearance: 9-49.40 Doll and Stuffed Toy Maker. examines product for accuracy of assembly and com- Performs one or more hand or machine tasks in the pleteness; inspects.for defects, such as dents, cracks, making and repairing of dolls or stuffed toys: burrs, blisters, scratches, colour variations and faulty assembles moulded doll parts or stuffs previously sewn alignment; measures or weighs product for conformity parts with cotton, wood shavings or other material to to specifications and to verify dimensional accuracy give them shape; fastens legs and arms onto torso; using weighing scales, fixed gauges, ruler, micrometer affixes artificial eyes; secures head to shoulders by and various test instruments; inspects markings for means of a shank collar so that head may be turned at location, legibility and form; marks defects with chalk, will; dresses dolls. crayon, gummed label or in some other fashion. May be designated according to type of toy or type of May repair certain flaws. May operate fluoroscope, work performed. X-ray, or magnaflux machine to examine products for internal defects. 949.50 Rubber Stamp Maker. Makes rubber stamps to order and mounts them for 949.90 Other Production and Related Workers Not use: Elsewhere Classified. composes metal type or makes printing plate to match This group includes other production and related copy, locks type in chase and mounts chase on bed ofworkers not elsewhere classified, for example those who vulcaniser; mixes french chalk, china clay, plaster ofmake footwear from raffia, straw or similar material; Paris, dextrine and water and places compound inoperate machines in the making of matches; operate moulding plate; reverses moulding plate over chase machines in the making of wood-encased pencils; operate to receive type impression in compound and dries automatic machine in which milled chalk or clay mixture mould in oven; covers moulded impression with piece is compressed in metal moulds to form crayons or coloured

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chalk pieces; cut cork slabs to remove coarse grain,toys, using hand and machine tools to cut, fit andassemble fibrous skin and faulty pieces;operate machines whichtoys; make wigs, fastening strands of hair to cloth cut, grind and shape or punch cork articles from base; preparedmake artificial teeth of feldspar, mixed withgum and other cork sheets; clean, split, twist, stretch,polish and other-ingredients, according to formulae; operate wise treat gut by hand or machine in the machines production offor coating and backing photographic plates;treat and gut strings; perform hand or machine tasks inthe makingcoat paper or paper felt with tar or asphalt; waterproof of buttons from various materials, such as compositiontextiles with oil; perform repetitive carvingoperations to or vegetable material, ivory or pearl; makenoveltymake products from materials such buttons from strips of leather as plastics, ivory and or other pliable materialbones; perform other product-making and-processing by hand knotting and weaving; makemetal or woodentasks not classified elsewhere.

9-5 BRICKLAYERS, CARPENTERSAND OTHER CONSTRUCTIONWORKERS

Workers in this minor group erect and repairbuildings and other structures.They lay bricks, stones and tiles; erect reinforced concrete frameworks;cover roof frameworks with roofing tiles and other materials; make,erect, fit and repair wooden structuralframeworks, flooring, fixtures, panelling, boats, plain furniture, andother objects of wood; apply lath andplasters in buildings; apply insulating materials to buildings,boilers, pipes, refrigeration andair-conditioning equipment; fit and set glass in buildings andvehicles; perform other tasks relatedto building and construction. They are classified in the unitgroups listed below: 9-51Bricklayers, Stonemasons and Tile Setters. 9-52Reinforced Concreters, Cement Finishersand Terrazzo Workers. 9-53Roofers. 9-54Carpenters, Joiners and Parquetry Workers. 9-55Plasterers. 9-56Insulators. 9-57Glaziers. 9-59Construction Workers Not ElsewhereClassified. Plumbers and pipe fitters, Welders and flame-cutters,Sheet-metal workers and Structuralmetal preparers and erectors are classified in minorgroup 8-7, Crane and hoist operators and Earth-moving and related machinery operators in minorgroup 9-7, and Building painter in 9-31.20.

9-51Bricklayers, Stonemasons and Tile Setters constructing and laying mosaicpanels to Workers in this unit group erect and repairdecorate floors, walls and othersurfaces; foundations, walls and complete structures of performing related tasks. brick, stone and similar materials andcover and9-51.20 Bricklayer (Construction). decorate walls, ceilings and floors of buildings with tiles and mosaic panels. Lays bricks, hollow tiles and similarbuilding blocks (except stone) to construct walls,partitions, arches, Their functions include : interior fireplaces and chimneys, andother structures: examines plans and other specificationsof structure to laying brick, hollow tile and similar building be erected; spreads mortar with trowelon building blocks to construct walls, partitions, arches, blocks and lays them inrows, designs and shapes; fireplaces and other structures; taps block with trowel to align it and embed itfirmly laying bricks to construct smoke stacks; in mortar; checks vertical and horizontalalignment of structure with level and plumb-lineas work laying firebrick or refractory blocks and tiles progresses. to build and repair furnaces, converters, kilns May fix brick or terra-cottaveneer to face of masonry and ovens; structure, form ornamental brickwork designs,and building stone structures suchas walls, piers alter and repair existing brickwork. and abutments; 9-51.25 Bricklayer (Chimney Building). laying walks, kerbs and pavements ofstone; Lays bricks or tiles to construct taperingchimneys of setting tiles to surface walls and floors; great height:

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examines plans and other. specifications; lays courses 9-51.50Tile Setter. of heavy bricks, using mortar as binder, to follow circular outline of chimney, setting each course with Sets tiles to surface walls and floors : slight offset to produce desired taper; lays bricks to examines drawings and other specifications; calculates back up outside courses of chimney and form lining; numbers of different tilesrequired; soaks tiles in attaches rigging and tackle to the chimney to support water to prepare them for setting; applies plaster coat scaffolding as work progresses; builds flue opening at and layer of mortar to wall and sets tiles according to required height; washes down outside surface of pattern; cuts tiles to complete surface to be tiled at chimney with diluted acidsolution;fixes lifting corners and edges; taps tiles into place or slides level- apparatus to top of chimney to assist subsequent ling board over their surface, tapping them with board repairs. to level surface and increase bond between tile and cement; aligns rows of tiles, using spirit level and May do ornamental work on chimneys.May attach straight edge; wipes newly laid tile surfaces with lightning-conductor to chimney. filling material to fill joints and cleans surfaces. Firebrick Layer. 9-51.30 9-51.55Mosaic Cutter and Setter. Lays firebricks and refractory blocks and tiles to build Constructs and lays mosaic panels to decorate floors, or repair fireboxes, casings, linings and insulation ofwalls and other surfaces : high-temperature equipment such as furnaces, steam boilers, converters and ovens: selects mosaic tiles or cuts and prepares pieces of stone, ceramic, coloured glass and other suitable materials; examines plans and other specifications; spreads fire- matches and fits tiles and pieces of other materials clay mortar with trowel, lays bricks or blocks in place, according to pattern; sets out sections of matched tiles makes provision for expansion joints in linings; taps and pieces of other materials on sheet of paper and bricks and blocks with trowel to embed them firmly in attaches them thereto with adhesive to form mosaic mortar; aligns bricks and blocks and finishes joints. panel in reverse; prepares floor, wall or other surface May specialise in work on a particular type of high- for panel, applies cement and beds mosaic design in temperature equipment, such as repairing ovens and cement by pressing reverse side of mosaic panel on it; kilns or preparing furnaces for use, and be designated allows cement to partially set, removes paper and accordingly. excess cement; touches up face of design by filling joints and polishing. 9-51.40Stonemason (Construction). May specialise in cutting or setting mosaic and be designated accordingly. Builds stone structures such as walls, piers and abutments, lays walks and constructs other types of stonemasonry: 9-51.60Pavlof'''. exanines plans and specifications; selects cut stone and Lays wood blocks, paving stones, slabs, bricks and shapes it preparatory to setting with chisel, hammerkerbstones on sand or other type of bed to make roads, or other shaping tools; spreads mortar with trowel pavements and open drains: over foundation or laid stone; sets stone in mortar bed stakes out longitudinal grade line; sets block or other by hand or with lifting device and tamps into place with paving material in position on bed and taps it with hammer; aligns stone with level and plumb-line; fills hammer; cuts unit to required shape if necessary; vertical joints between stones with mortar and finishes checks alignment of units with straight-edge; pours them with pointing trowel. hot tar or cement mortar into joints between units. May specialise in a particular type of stonemasonry and be designated accordingly. May fix stone facings Other Bricklayers, Stonemasons and Tile Setters. to structures of brick or concrete. 9-51.90 Stone cutter and finisher is classified in 8-20.20. This group includes bricklayers, stonemasons and tile setters not elsewhere classified, for example those who lay bricks, concrete blocks or shaped tiles to construct sewers 9-51.45Marble Setter. or manholes or chambers for enclosing waterline valves; Prepares and sets marble blocks and slabs to construct lay tile conduits to insulate and protect water and steam and cover floors, walls and other surfaces: lines; rebuild and repair surface or constructional stonework of historical ruins; lay cut and dressed ornamental examines plans and specifications; prepares marble stone for monuments; lay stone in embankments or water pieces by sawing, cutting, facing, trimming and bevelling them to required size and shape; when floor-laying, drains to prevent soil erosion ; line ingot mould covers spreads and levels mortar bed composed of powderedwith firebrick mortar. chalk, cement and sand on base on which slabs are to be laid, covers underside of slabs with thin layer of mortar to ensure perfect level, fills joints between9-52Reinforced Concreters, Cement Finishers slabs with mortar and trims them with trowel or wooden and Terrazzo Workers paddle, removes excess mortar and cleans surfaces; when setting wall slabs, marks and drills holes in slabs Workers in this unit group erect reinforced and wall for brackets and anchors and attaches these, concrete frameworks and structures, make forms spreads mortar on bottom of slab and sides of adjacent slabs, sets slab in position, tamps it and anchorsfor moulding concrete, reinforce concrete, lay bracket attachment with wire, fills joints with grout andreinforced concrete surfaces, finish and repair finishes with trowel or wooden paddle, cleans surface. cement surfaces and cam out terrazzo work.

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Their functions include : mortar into them and smoothing surface with trowel constructing and repairing reinforced concrete or float; removes blemishes and uneven parts of surface by wetting or applying liquid mixture of sand, floors, walls, tanks, silos, and other concrete cement and water and rubbing with abrasive block; structures; finishes surface by wiping with damp brush; smooths making shuttering or assembling prefabricated and shapes surface of freshly poured concrete surfaces forms for moulding concrete; with straight-edge and float for fine finish and edging tool to shape corners. cutting, bending and fixing metal reinforcing May specialise in a particular type of concrete finishing rods in concrete moulding forms; work and be designated accordingly. finishing surfaces of concrete structures and smoothing surfaces of freshly poured concrete9-52.50 Terrazzo Worker. sections; Applies to floors a durable, smooth surfacing composed applying a durable, smooth surfacingcom-of cement, sand, pigment and marble particles: examines plans and specifications, places temporary posed of cement, sand, pigment and marble wooden frames to define first layer of terrazzo floor; particles to floors (terrazzo); spreads sand and roofing paper on surface of founda- performing related tasks. tion to prevent bonding between foundation and first Concrete-mixer operator is classified in 9-74.70. layer; spreads mixed cement and sand on prepared surface forming first layer, smooths with trowel and 9-52.10 Reinforced Concreter (General). float, strikes it off to level of temporary frame with straight-edge and removes frame; cuts grooves in Builds reinforced concrete structures and structural first layer with trowel for metal division strips; presses parts such as pillars, beams, floors and walls: division strips into grooves so that their top edges studies plans and specifications; assembles or constructs define final level for floor surface; spreads top layer shuttering and fixesit in position; cuts, shapes, with trowel and smooths it to approximately the level assembles and fixes reinforcing rods or mesh in of metal division strips; scatters marble chips on shuttering; prepares concrete by hand or in concrete surface and rolls them into it; grinds and polishes mixer, or signals to helper to deliver ready-mixed hardened terrazzo surface until smooth and level; fills concrete; pours concrete into shuttering, distributing interstices with wash of cement and plaster of Paris. and tamping it or settling it with vibrating machine; levels and smooths surface of concrete; removes 9-52.90Other Reinforced Concreters, Cement Finishers shuttering when concrete is dry and smooths rough and Terrazzo Workers. edges. This group includes reinforced concreters, cement 9-52.20Concrete Shutterer. finishers and terrazzo workers not elsewhere classified, for example those who repair floors, walls, tanks, vats and Builds, assembles, places in position and dismantlesother concrete structural parts and equipment; cut, shape rough wooden structures (shuttering) into which concrete and fasten wire mesh for reinforcing concrete embank- is poured and allowed to set: ments and road surfaces; set expansion joints in concrete marks out, cuts and adjusts wood to be assembled inpaving; cure new concrete by covering with mats and shuttering partitions or assembles shuttering from pre-sprinkling water to prevent too rapid drying; operate fabricated wooden parts; assembles shuttering partsmachine to mix and spray concrete by compressed air to on site and screws, nails or clamps them together;apply a protective coating through nozzle tosteel, places stays between shuttering partitions to givemasonry or other surfaces. structure necessary rigidity; aligns shuttering with bob and plumb-line; patches holes in shuttering; dismantles shuttering when concrete has set and cleans off 9-53Roofers adhering concrete. Workers in this unit group cover roof frame- 9-52.30Reinforcing Iron Worker. works with one or more kinds of materials. Cuts and bends metal rods and fixes them in concrete Their functions include: forms (shuttering) to reinforce concrete: covering roof frameworks with slates and selects rods according to specifications or instructions and cuts them to required length; bends rods with hand tiles, synthetic materials, asphalt, metal sheets tools or bending machine; joins rods together withand thatching materials; wires or fasteners or by welding; places rods in form performing related tasks. and fixes them in position. May reinforce concrete with wire mesh. May spe- 9-53.20Slate and Tile Roofer. cialise in bending or fixing rods in position and be Applies and fastens slates and tiles to roof frameworks : designated accordingly. covers roof framework with roofing paper, felt or 9-52.40 Cement Finisher. other insulating material; measures location of each row of slates or tiles and marks chalk guidelines; fixes Finishes surfaces of concrete structures and smooths slates or tiles to roof sheathing by nailing, cementing surfaces of freshly poured concrete sections: or hooking in overlapping courses; cuts slates or tiles cuts ridges, bumps and projecting wire from concrete to fit ridges, valleys and edges of roof; seals ridge joint surface with chisel and hammer; patches holes and by cementing tiles along ridge with roofing cement; broken corners by wetting them, spreading cement applies sheet metal strips bent to fit angles between

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roof and vents and walls, or between different roof 9-54Carpenters, Joiners and Parquetry surfaces; cleans surface of finished roof with diluted Workers acid solution. May punch holes in slates or tiles.May specialise in a Workers inthisunit group cut,shape, particular kind of material and be designated accord-assemble, erect and maintain various types of ingly.May replace broken slates and tiles.May do wooden structures and fittings, using hand and roofing with shingles of aluminium or asbestos. power tools.

9-53.30Composition Roofer. Their functions include: Covers roof frameworks with various kinds of synthetic making, altering and repairing structural and material such as asbestos composition, fibro-cement, andother woodwork at work bench and on con- corrugated plastic sheet: struction site; measures and cuts roofing material to fit roof, corners, constructing, erecting and installing heavy- chimney base and other objects; fastens roofing materialframed wooden structures on building sites; to roof base with nails, screws or cement; seals overlapping joints; applies sheet metal strips bent to fit fitting and assembling internal and external angles between roof and vents and walls or betweenfixtures of buildings such as doors, door and different roof surfaces. window frames, facings and panelling; making, repairing, altering and fixing scenic 9-53.40Asphalt Roofer. equipment for theatricalperformancesand Covers top side (roof) of buildings with several layers motion picture productions; of roofing paper and hot tar and final surface layer of erecting temporary structures to support ships gravel: and constructing and installing wooden fixtures spreads hot tar over roof base; applies overlappingin ships under construction and repair; strips of roofing paper until entire roof is covered; cuts roofing paper to fit corners, chimney base and other constructing and repairing small wooden craft objects; applies alternate layers of hot tar and roofingsuch as sailboats, motor boats,floats and paper until roof covering is built up as specified; cutspontoons; strips of sheet metal or heavy tar paper and fixes them altering, repairing and maintaining structural into angles between walls or vents and roof surface; applies heavy coat of hot tar over top layer of roofing woodwork and wooden gear on board ship; paper and spreads gravel over tar. constructing, assembling and repairing wooden parts of aircraft; 9-53.50Metal Roofer. cutting,shaping,fittingand assembling Covers roof with sheets of metal, such as galvanisedwooden parts, mainly at bench; iron, lead, copper and zinc: laying parquet floors; selects metal sheet and marks it out according to plans performing related tasks. or other specifications; cuts metal sheets according to Underground timberman is classified in 7-11.60, pattern or template by hand or machine; positions Cabinetmaker in 8-11.20. sheets and assembles them by welding, brazing, bolting, riveting, screwing or other methods; cuts and applies 9-54.10Carpenter, General. strips of sheet metal bent to fit angles between roof Cuts out, assembles, erects and repairs structural and and walls or vents, or between different roof surfaces; other woodwork at work bench and on construction site: seals overlapping joints. works from plans, sketches or instructions received; May cut, shape and fix channels, gutters and rain water selects wood and other materials to be used; marks out pipes. reference points according to pattern or plan to facilitate cutting and shaping; cuts and shapes wood 9-53.60Roof Thatcher. by hand or machine tools, performing such operations Constructs a thick roof covering with material such as as sawing, grooving, planing and sanding; assembles straw, reeds, rushes and heather: wooden parts using glue, screws, nails and other means; erects and repairs prepared workpieces such as rafters, ties material in bundles; covers roof framework by wooden floors, partitions, windows, door frames and fastening material to slats across rafters with tarred staircases; maintains and sharpens own tools; performs string, wire, straw ropes or osier strips; applies related tasks. additional layers, affixing each with wood spars, until desired thickness is obtained; combs and trims surface9-54.15Construction Carpenter. and cuts eaves square with shears and special knives. Cuts out, assembles and installs wooden frameworks May soak material in fireproofing solution. of buildings, flooring, and other heavy-framed woodwork, such as pouring chutes and scaffolding, at building sites: 9-53.90Other Roofers. performs tasks similar to those of Carpenter, general This group includes roofers not elsewhere classified, (9-54.10) but specialises in on-site building carpentry. for example those who cover roofs and walls with wood May make concrete shuttering.May specialise in shingles and those spraying asphalt, tar and gravel roofs particular type of work and be designated accordingly. with vinyl plastic solution to improve insulation. Concrete shutterer is classified in 9-52.20.

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9-54.20 - 9-54.90

9-54.20Construction Joiner. planking; caulks deck seams and hull; constructs and Fits, assembles and installs wooden internal and installs rudder, seats, engine mounts and other wooden external fixtures of buildings such as door and window fittings. frames, facings and panelling: May install hardware, engine and electrical fittings. performs tasks similar to those of Carpenter, general May specialise in type of craft made and be designated (9-54.10)butspecialisesinfitting,assembling, accordingly. installing and repairing of wooden facings, panels, fixtures and fittings in workshop or on site. 9-54.55Ship's Carpenter. May make parts of woodwork. Repairs and builds woodwork on board ship as member of crew: 9-54.30Stage and Studio Carpenter. repairs and builds woodwork onboard ship, performing tasks similar to those of Carpenter, general (9-54.10); Makes, erects, alters and repairs stage sets and scenery keeps anchors and cables, wooden masts and cargo fixtures for theatrical performances and motion picture booms in good working order; replaces defective chains productions: or stanchions on lifelines or guard-rails. makes wooden framework of scenery for theatrical and May sound bilges and water tanks at regular intervals film-production purposes according to plans, sketches or instructions, performing tasks similar to those of to deterinine water level. May maintain steering gear Carpenter, general (9-54.10); makes exterior surface and manipulate winches. by covering framework with canvas, paper, plywood or other material; repairs and alters sets. 9-54.60Aircraft Joiner. May supervise arranging and shifting of scenery on Constructs, assembles and repairs wooden parts of stage, in studio or on location. aircraft: studies plans and sketches; selects lumber or plywood 9-54.40 Wood Shipwright. stock of specified type and dimensions; lays out wood and marks it; cuts, shapes and bends parts for assembly Erects temporary structures to support ship under and installation; places finished wooden structural construction or repair, checks fairing, makes and fits parts in jig and checks assembly with measuring wooden parts of ship, prepares launching way and instruments;glues,nails and strengthensjoints; handles launching: attaches fittings; glues and nails wooden skin to frame- saws keel blocks to size, aligns and fixes them; builds work; removes nails and smooths skin when glue has cradle to support bottom shell of ship; erects shores dried; repairs wooden parts and trimmings of aircraft. and staging; checks that hull, frame and fittings of ship are properly aligned (fairing); makes and fits May specialise in parts made or assembled and be masts, cargo battens and structural bulkhead sheath- designated accordingly. ings; cuts, fixes and caulks deck boards; makes and fits wooden framing and backing strips; directs placing 9-54.70Bench Carpenter. of metal fittings and fixes or marks them for fixing; Cuts out, shapes, fits and assembles wooden parts, constructs,installs and greaseslaunching ways;mainly working at bench, to make and repair woodwork removes temporary structures and prepares ship for and wooden fixtures, such as doors, windows, staircases, launching. panelling and simple furniture: May erect beam and frame sections of skeleton of ship. selects wood suitable for article to be made; marks May specialise in particular tasks and be designated out and cuts and shapes wood according to plan, accordingly. sketch or instructions using hand tools and woodworking machines; fits wooden parts together by 9-54.45Ship Joiner. dovetailing, gluing or other means. Constructs, assembles and installs wooden fittings such May assemble sections from ready-cut pieces. May as deck-houses, bridge shelters, skylights, guard-rails, specialise in particular product and be designated cabinets and berths in ships under construction or repair: accordingly. works according to plans, sketches or instructions; Cabinetmakers are classified in unit group 8-11. cuts, shapes, finishes and assembles wooden fittings and parts with hand and power tools; lays out and 9-54.75Parquetry Worker. cuts partitions and panelling from wood or composi- Installs and repairs parquet flooring: tion material; installs hardware, glass panels and measures floor area; prepares floor base for parqueting; insulation; lays wooden decking and linoleum. cuts and shaves wood pieces to fit at edges and angles; May caulk seams of wooden decks and do cold-storage assembles parquetry wooden pieces and sets them insulation work. according to design and other specifications; levels and polishes parquetry surface; replaces deteriorated sec- 9-54.50 Wooden Boatbuilder. tions in parquet floors with matching pieces. Constructs and repairs small wooden craft such as sail boats, motor boats, floats and pontoons: 9-54.90OtherCarpenters,JoinersandParquetry lays out plan, makes templates and selects and marks Workers. timber pieces; cuts and shapes keel and main timbers This group includes other carpenters and joiners not of boat and bends them in steam press or clamps; elsewhere classified, for example those who perform rough constructs framework by cutting, forming and fixingcarpentry work in tunnels and mines or construct wooden wooden ribs and sidings; cuts, forms and fixes external bridges and wharves.

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9-55Plasterers sand, small stones or plaster to obtain protective or decorative finish. Workers in this group install laths and apply plasters to walls and ceilings of buildings. 9-55.40Fibrous Plasterer. Their functions include: Makes and installs decorative plaster fixtures of fibrous applying one or more coats of plaster to plaster: makes mould in clay, gelatine or wax; pours plaster and interior walls and ceilings of buildings to pro- other ingredients into mould; allows plaster to set and duce finished surface; removes from mould; fixes sections and ornaments in moulding and installing ornamental plaster place with nails or screws; fills joints between sections panels and trimming and casting ornamental and covers nail holes with plaster. plaster cornices; May specialise in moulding or installing plaster fixtures applying protective and decorative covering and be designated accordingly. of cement, plaster and similar materials to out- 9-55.90Other Plasterers. side building surfaces; This group includes plasterers not elsewhere classified, making and installingdecorativeplasterfor example those who maintain plaster work in good fixtures of fibrous plaster; repair; apply special plaster for acoustical purposes; performing related tasks. fasten metal or wooden laths to walls, ceilings and partitions to provide supporting base for plaster. 9-55.10Plasterer, General. Applies one or more coats of plaster to interior walls 9-56Insulators and ceilings of buildings to produce a finished surface: Workers in this unit group apply insulating fixes laths or insulating material to surfaces prior to plastering; applies first coat of plaster to surface with materials to buildings, boilers, pipes and refrig- trowel, levels and smooths it; scratches surface toeration and air-conditioning equipment. provide bond for second coat and shapes plaster Their functions include: border along sides of surface to provide guide for second coat; spreads second coat between borders, applyingslabsandsheetsof insulating levelling it with rod and smoothing it with darby;material such as cork and spun glass to walls, applies finishing coat by spreading thin, uniform coat floors and ceilings of buildings; of white finishing plaster over second coat, smooths surface with trowel and finishes corners and angles blowing and packing insulating material such with angle float; carries out interior ornamentalas mineral wool, shredded cork or asbestos into plastering and plasters outside surfaces of buildings.cavities between walls, floors and ceilings of buildings with power-driven machines; 9-55.20Ornamental Plasterer. applying adhesive, sound-absorbing material Moulds and installs ornamental plaster panels and trims and casts ornamental plastet cornices: to ceilings and other surfaces with power-driven machines; moulds and installs plaster panels by mixing plaster, shaping it with template and sawing hardened and applying insulating materials such as asbestos, shaped plaster to length; erects temporary support tocork, felt and mineral wool to exposed surfaces hold mould in place, applies coat of plaster to surface of equipment such as boilers, pipes and tanks; and presses mould into position; casts plaster cornices insulating refrigeration and air-conditioning by nailing wooden strip to surface as template guide; applies coat of plaster to surface and pushes templateequipment with such materials as cork and over plaster to shape and smooth it. asbestos; May make moulds for casting ornamental plaster. performing related tasks. May specialise in affixing decorative precast mouldings. 9-56.20Building Insulator (Hand). 9-55.30Stucco Plasterer. Applies slabs and sheets (bats) of insulating material, Applies protective and decorative covering of cement,such as cork and spun glass, to walls, floors and ceilings plaster or other material to exterior building surfaces: of buildings: erects scaffold; applies first coat, pressing plaster into examines plans and specifications; saws slabs to make interstices of lathing or directly onto wall with trowel; them fit at ends of courses and to fit around outlets and roughens surface to facilitate bonding with second fixtures; nails or wires bats of insulating material such coat; applies second coat with trowel, levels it with as rock wool or spun glass to interiors of walls, topside straight-edge, presses it firmly with darby, scratches of ceilings and on underside of roofs and floors; spreads surface; allows second coat to cure several days, hot asphalt on surface and embeds courses of cork applying moisture daily; applies finishing coat with slabs in it or spreads cement mortar with trowel on slabs trowel, removes excess plaster with straight-edge, and sticks them to surface; nails slabs to walls and smooths coat with darby. ceilings to hold them firmly. May fix wire mesh, laths or other retaining material May construct interior insulating walls by fixing to exterior surfaces before plastering.May mark courses of compressed cork blocks one upon another finished plaster with brush or trowel or spatter it with with cementing substance.May finish cork surface

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of walls and ceilings with plaster or spread concrete blankets and fixing them to turbinesto prevent loss of over floor slabs to form wearing floor. heat. 9-56.30Building Insulator (Machine). 9-57 Glaziers Blows and packs insulating materialsuch as mineral wool, shredded corkor asbestos into cavities between Workers in this unit group cut, fit andset glass walls, floors and ceilings of buildingswith a power-driven in windows, doors, shop fronts andother frames. machine: Their functions include: carries hose nozzle to working positionand inserts it selecting glass panesor cutting panes to meas- into openings in walls, floorsor ceilings; orders starting of compressed-air blowerto force insulatingure and fixing them in windows, doors and material through hose; directs hose no.:zleto distributepartitions of buildings; insulating material. fastening glass panes in puttyless rooflights; May insulate openspaces such as cupboards, walls or installing flat and curved plate glass in shop attic roofs by nailing sheets of insulatingmaterial to fronts, swing doors, show-cases, portholesor studs or rafters. other openings; 9-56.40Acoustical Insulator. cutting, assembling and installing pieces of Applies adhesive, sound-absorbing materialto ceilings glass in lead orcopper framework to form and other surfaces with power-drivenmachine to preventdecorative windows and panels; sound reverberation: installing ordinary and shatter-proof glass prepares machine for operation by filling containerpanels in windows, doors and windscreens of with insulating material; starts machineand appliesvehicles; insulating material evenly to surfacein required thickness by moving hose nozzle backwardsand performing related tasks. forwards. Workers who fix acoustical boards to surfacesby hand 9-57.20Building Glazier. are classified in 9-54.15. Cuts and fixes glass panes in windows, doors and parti- 9-56.50Boller and Pipe Insulator. tions of buildings: lays sheet of glass on padded surface of table, places Applies insulating material suchas asbestos, cork, felt pattern on it or marks outline; cuts glass with cutting or mineral wool to exposed surfaces of equipmentsuch tool, following pattern or outline; breaksexcess glass as boilers, pipes and tanks: away by hand or with special tool and smooths rough cleans surface of article to be insulated;binds heavy edges; cleans recesses in sash in whichpane is to be wires round article and attaches small tie-wiresto them; placed; mixes putty and spreads thin layer ofit in applies base coat of asbestos masticor insulating sash recesses; presses pane into place and fastensit cement to surface or covers it with layerof other with glazier's points or spring clips; spreadsand insulating material; covers basecoat or layer with smoothes putty along inner edges of frame and against wire netting to reinforce insulatingmaterial; fastens glass on both sides to form seal;removes excess putty. netting in place with small tie-wires; applies one or May install glass in puttyless rooflights and installplate more coats over wire netting and smooths finalcoat glass.May fix panes in position in wooden frames by with trowel. tacking inner frame moulding to inside edges of frame. May cover article with felt bound with wireor gauze covered with plaster of Paris. May insulatepipes9-57.30Patent Roofing Glazier. with strips of canvas or sacking. May applypaint or whitewash finish. Fastens glass panes into puttyless rooflights: measures recesses in frame of skylight and cuts strips 9-56.60Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Equipment of treated felt or similar material to size; fixes feltstrips Insulator. along sash members to pad recesses; places glasspane Insulates refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment in padded recesses and fastens it with spring clips. with materials such as cork and asbestos: May use other methods of fasteningpanes. May make shapes, trims and smooths insulating sheets and pavement lights by cementing glass prisms in frames blocks of iron or concrete. to cover and fit parts of equipment suchas expansion chambers, condensers and piping; applies waterproof cement to insulating material and surfacesto be 9-57.40Plate-Glass Glazier. insulated and presses materialon prepared surface; Installs flat and curved plate glass' in shop secures insulating material with wire and wire netting; fronts, dividing walls, swing doors, show-cases, portholesand applies one or more coats of asbestos plasterover wireother openings: netting with trowel; packs cavities in wallsor partly assembled casing with sheetsor loose particles of measures frame, cuts, shapes, drills and screws metal insulating material. drain moulding around window openingto provide holding frame for plate glass; places plate glass in May apply insulating material to air ducts and pipes. holding frame, bedding it in puttyor on cork, soft 9-56.90Other Insulators. wood, leather, velvet or rubber strips;cuts and places metal face mouldings round edges of plate glass; drills This group includes insulators not elsewhereclassified, holes through mouldings and bolts them togetherto for example those cutting asbestos cloth, makingit into hold plate glass firmly in position.

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9-57.50 - 9-59.30

May measure and cut plate glass to shape and make working under water in diving suit or wearing templates for curving plate glass to order. self-contained underwater breathing apparatus 9-57.50 Leaded Glass Glazier. to perform duties in the construction, mainten- Cuts, assembles and installs glass in lead or copperance and repair of structures, ships, floating framework to form decorative windows and glass panels: docks and harbour installations; studies artist's designs, drawings and other specifica- laying composition tile floors; tions; cuts clear, ornamental or coloured glass into cleaning stone, brick and metal structures sections according to specifications; fits lead or copperwith sand or steam jet; framework around sections and solders intersecting joints; rubs putty or cement into gaps between glass performing related tasks. and framework to stiffen it and make it airtight and watertight; puts horizontal bars in place to support9-59.10 Housebuilder (General). window; solders metal ties to framework and secures Constructs, alters and repairs small structures such as them to bars; fixes decorative window or panel inhouses, barns, shops and private garages, performing position. tasks in several different building trades: 9-57.60 Vehicle Glazier. consults client regarding work to be done, and drafis plans and specifications where necessary; executes or Installs ordinary and shatter-proof glass panels in supervises directly all of the construction work, or windows, doors and windscreens of vehicles such as trucks, arranges for work such as bricklaying, painting, buses, automobiles, railway coaches, tramcars and plumbing and electrical wiring to be done by sub- aircraft: contractors; performs tasks similar to those of a number selects glass panel of appropriate size or cuts and of building trades craftsmen according to his capacity, prepares panel; installs glass in vehicle; fixes channel- especially those of Bricklayer (construction) (9-51.20), ling rubber strips around sides to make window weather- Construction carpenter(9-54.15), Building painter and rattle-proof. (9-31.20), Plasterer, general (9-55.10) and Reinforced May make minor adjustments such as straightening concreter (general) (9-52.10). bent metal window frames and repairing winding mechanisms. May specialise in fixing particular types9-59.20Building Maintenance Man. of panels, such as windscreens. May remove damaged Keeps structures such as office buildings, apartment glass panels and install replacements. houses, hotels and factory buildings in good repair: 9-57.90 Other Glaziers. performs concreting, bricklaying, carpentry, painting and other construction maintenance duties; replaces This group includes glaziers not elsewhere classified, defective electrical switches and other fixtures; repairs for example those who install glass panels to form decora- plumbing fixtures. tive facings on buildings. May erect partitions and make minor repairs to simple mechanical equipment. 9-59Construction Workers Not Elsewhere Classified 9-59.25Paperhanger. Workers in this unit group perform miscel- Covers interior walls and ceilings of buildings with laneous construction and building maintenance wallpaper: tasks and are not classified elsewhere. removes old paper with scraper, water and chemicals; cleans surface, fills cracks and holes with plaster and Their functions include: brushes sizing on surfaces; measures surfaces to be performing tasks in several different building covered and cuts rolls of paper to required length; trades to build and repair structures such as mixes paste and brushes paste on paper; places strips of paper on walls or ceilings, matching adjacent edges houses, barns, shops and private garages; and smoothing paper in place with brush or felt roller; maintaining structures such as office buildings, trims off ends of paper overlapping ceiling and base- apartment houses, factories and similar estab- board lines, doors and windows. lishments in good repair; May apply fabric or similar materials. covering ceilings and interior walls of building with wallpaper; 9-59.30Steeplejack. performing maintenance, repair or construc- Performs maintenance, repair and construction work tion work at unusual heights; at unusual heights, such as painting smokestacks, flag- staffs or water tanks and repairing roofs, stonework or erecting temporary metal or wooden scaffold-other parts of steeples and towers: ing on building sites; drives spikes into structures and hangs scaling ladder demolishing buildings and other structures; on spikes, repeating process until work location is laying clay, concrete or cast-iron pipes in reached; sets flying scaffold in place, works from that ditches to form sewers, drains or water mains or by reaching sideways and driving spikes along structure, hanging brackets on spikes and laying planks oil for other purposes; brackets; performs maintenance, repair and construc- digging water wells or deep pits for structural tion tasks of a number of building trades, according footings; to his ability, especially those of Bricklayer (chimney

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building) (9-51.25), Construction carpenter (9-54.15), Well drillers, borers and related workers are classified Building painter(9-31.20), Slate and the roofer in unit group 7-13. Trench riggers are classified in (9-53.20), Metal roofer (9-53.50) and Constructional 9-99.10. steel erector (8-74.40). -S 9-59.60Underwater Worker. 9-59.40Seaffolder. Works under water, dressed in diving suit, to inspect, Erects temporary metal or wooden scaffolding onrepair, remove and install equipment and structures: building sites for construction, renovation, exterior paint- descends into water with aid of helpers on land, barge ing and similar purposes: or boat and maintains communication by signal line fixes upright members in place; secures horizontal or telephone; carries out various underwater tasks, members to uprights to support platforms; lays wooden such as laying and repairing bridge, pier and harbour- platforms; fixes guard-rails, ladders and similar items wall foundations; inspecting ship's hulls and under- in place; alters and extends scaffolding as work water installations for suspected damage; reporting progresses;removesscaffoldingwhen workis on condition of wrecked ships; removing obstructions; completed. making minor repairs to ships' hulls and harbour May erect and fix slings, suspended scaffolds and installations. cradles. May specialise in metal or wood and be May drill holes in rock for underwater blasting. May designated accordingly. specialiseinparticulartask and bedesignated accordingly. 9-59.45Demolition Worker. Frogman (salvage) is classified in 5-89.90. Demolishes buildings with picks, crowbars, pneumatic hammers and other tools and salvages usable materials 9-59.70Composition Tile Layer. such as bricks, structural steel and timber: Fixes composition tiles in building interiors for shock- takes necessary security precautions and decides whereabsorbing, sound-deadening, floor-surfacing and deco- debris should fall; pries timbering, panelling andrative purposes: ceilings loose with crowbar; breaks down concrete and examines plans and specifications; cleans and prepares masonry with hammer, chisel, sledgehammer and pneu- floor or wall, filling holes and wide cracks with plastic matic drill; fixes cables at convenient points to pull or other material; coats surface with adhesive cement, down walls with winch or tractor; directs labourers lays foundation material on it, smoothing it with hand (demolition work) to remove material, shovel loose roller; marks lines on foundation to guide tile laying; material into chutes, stack salvaged material, clean spreads adhesive cement over foundation material as bricks for use and perform other labouring tasks. tile laying progresses; lays tiles on cement, following May use oxy-acetylene cutting torch. May specialise design; rolls finished floor to smooth it and bind in demolishing particular kinds of material such as foundation and covering tiles. reinforced concrete or particular parts such as roof or May heat tiles prior to laying. May specialise in a high walls and be designated accordingly. particular kind of tile such as asphalt, cork, linoleum or rubber, and be designated accordingly. 9-59.50Pipe Layer. Lays pipes of glazed and unglazed clay, concrete, cast- 9-59.75Building Exterior Cleaner. iron and other materials in ditches to form sewers, drains, Cleans exterior surfaces of stone, brick and metal water mains and conduits for cables and other purposes: structures by means of a jet of steam or sand from a hose smooths bottom of ditch to proper level and cuts out nozzle: place for bell end of pipe; places rubber gasket in groove on straight end of pipe; assists in lowering pipe erects scaffolding; sets up sand-blasting equipment into ditch and places straight end of pipe into bell end and carries sand jet and water hose to working position; of last section laid; sets pipe to grade and line by fits auxiliary nozzle to spray water simultaneously with digging earth from under pipe or raising it with blocks, sand jet; releases compressed air to force sand through measuring grade and line with plumb-line and grade- hose nozzle, opens water hose valve and directs jets pole; forces oakum or lead into pipe joints with of sand and water over surface to be cleaned; washes caulking tool or fills joints of concrete and clay pipes down sanded surface with water jet; replaces worn with cement mortar. rubber lining in sand jet nozzle. May lay cast-iron pipes having straight ends and join May clean or finish surfaces with steam jet, brushes, them with couplings. May install valves and siphons. scrapers or scouring solution.May point up masonry Plumbers and pipe fitters are classified in unit group 8-71. joints using trowel and mortar.

9-59.55Well Digger. 9-59.90Other Construction Workers. Excavates water wells and deep pits for structural This group includes construction workers not else- footings: where classified, for example those who shore up buildings in course of alteration, and adjoining buildings if neces- excavates earth with pick, shovel and other tools; sary, with metal tubing, metal or wood beams and chocks; hoists earth and rock with tripod hoist and bucketapply a durable asphalt, clay, sand, bituminous or asbes- sling; shatters rock with air-hammer equipped withtos-fibre surface to floors; pull sections of heavy cables demolition drill; sheaths pit walls with planks andthrough underground channels using winches and other props to prevent earth caving in as digging progresses. equipment; specialise in placing and fixing in position May bail or pump water from well with hand pump orassembled prefabricated building sections such as wall, bucket. ceiling and floor units.

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9-6 STATIONARY ENGINE AND RELATED EQUIPMENT OPERATORS

Workers in this minor group operate equipment to produce electric power and control its distribution; operate and tend stationary engines and related equipment such as steam boilers, air and gas compressors, pumps, refrigeration plant, heating and ventilation systems and water treatment, waste disposal and similar types of equipment. They are classified in the unit groups listed below: 9-61Power-Generating Machinery Operators. 9-69Stationary Engine and Related Equipment Operators Not Elsewhere Classified.

9-61Power-Generating Machinery Operators meter and gauge readings and inspects operating equipment. Workers in this unit group operate equipment to produce electric power and controlits9-61.40 Power-Reactor Operator. distribution. Controls nuclear reactor to produce steam power to Their functions include: drive electricity-generating equipment or other machinery: adjusts controls to start and shut down reactor and to controlling and operating a steam power- regulate flux level, reactor period, coolant temperature generating plant consisting of boilers, turbines, and rate of flow, control rod positions and other generators and associated equipment; control elements that affect power level within reactor, controlling hydraulic equipment at a hydro- following standard instructions and prescribed practices; communicates with other workers to co-ordinate electric generating station; operation of auxiliary equipment, including pumps, controlling a nuclear-power reactor to produce compressors, switchgears and water treatment systems. steam to drive electricity-generating equipment May assist in preparing, transferring, loading, and or other machinery; unloading nuclear fuel elements. May control opera- operating steam or water-powered turbine to tion of auxiliary equipment such as turbines and drive generators in electricity production; generators. controlling power output and distribution of9-61.50 Turbine Operator (Power Station). electricity from power station according to Operates a steam or water-powered turbine which demand; drives generators for producing electricity: performing related tasks. starts turbine or directs helpers to do so; runs turbine at low speed for predetermined length of time and 9-61.20Power-Plant Operator (Steam). notifies switchboard operator when ready to run Controls and operates boilers, turbines, generators and turbine at full working speed; increases speed of turbine auxiliary equipment at electricity-generating plant: and ensures that automatic regulator maintains correct monitors control board, regulates equipment and working speed; notifies switchboard operator when adjusts controls connected with operation; controls turbine can be synchronised with other power units in operation of boiler auxiliary equipment, such as water plant; observes gauges and meters to see whether and vacuum pumps, coal driers and pulverisers, steam turbine can handle load and is working efficiently; condensers and soot blowers; adjusts boiler controls alters power output of turbine and makes other to provide steam for varying turbine loads; synchronises adjustments as necessary. incoming generating units with units in operation; May keep records of instrument readings. monitors gauges to determine effect of generator loading on related equipment; notes malfunctions of9-61.60 Power-Switchboard Operator. equipment, instruments and controls on log sheet. Regulates the amount of electricity generated in a 9-61.30Hydroelectrk Station Operator. power station according to demand:

Controls electrical generating units and related mecha- , determines number of generator units needed in opera- nical and hydraulic equiPment at hydroelectric generating tion by observing load indicators or by interpreting station: electrical load dispatcher's orders, and notifies generat- operates switchboard and manually operated controls ing room of pending load changes; adjusts controls to to control water-wheels, generators and auxiliary synchronise newly started generating units with units equipment; regulates power output of the different in operation; observes indicating instruments to deter- generating units according to the demand for power; mine when generator is synchronised and pulls switch operates feeder switchboard to control distribution of to connect generator output to busbar receiving elec- electric power over feeder circuits between generating tricity from group of generators; disconnects generator station and substations; notifies reservoir keeper when from busbar to decrease power output or to cut out additional water pressure is needed to drive water- malfunctioning unit and equalises load among remain- wheels at satisfactory speed; records control board ing operating generators; keeps records of switching

251 7/8/9

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operations and takes regular readings ofoutput of starts power unit and builds up requiredpressure; generators. manipulates controls or sets automatic regulatorto maintain supply of air to equipment; observespressure, 9-61.70 Load Dispatcher (Electric Power). temperature and other gauges and makes further Controls the supply and distribution of electricity from adjustments to controls as necessary; cleans and oils power stations to ensure that consumers' demands are equipment, tightens loose parts and performs other met: servicing tasks to keep the compressor in good running order. prepares or receives estimates of loads; makes requests by telephone for production of energy and subsequent May connect pipelines from compressor to equipment distribution to lines on the basis of allocation of load, and make minor repairs. equipment available and interconnection with other power systems; redistributes loads, directs switching9-69.25Gas-Compressor Operator. and makes other arrangements to maintain service in emergency situations; notifies proper authorities of Operates steam or internal combustion enginesto conditions needing attention; keeps records of normaltransmit, compress or recover gases, suchas butane, and emergency operations performed during periodnitrogen, hydrogen and natural gas, in various production of duty. processes: moves controls and turns valves to start compressor 9-61.90 Other Power-Generating Machinery Operators. engines, pumps and auxiliary equipment; monitors This group includes other power-ger. rating machinery meters, gauges and recording instrument charts to operators not elsewhere classified, for example those who ensure specified temperature, pressure and flow of gas assist power-generating plant operators inpower stations; through system; observes operation of equipmentto control feeder switchboardsinpower substations; detect malfunctions; records instrument readings and operate power-generating plant servicing an individual operational changes in operating log. industrial or other establishment. May operate purification tanks or tendpumps. May be designated according to type ofgas compressed. 9-69Stationary Engine and Related Equipment 9-69.30Boiler Fireman. Operators Not Elsewhere Classified Tends one or more boilers which produce steam for Workers in this unit group operate and serviceheat or power: stationary engines and related equipment. manipulates valves to maintain required level ofwater Their functions include: in boiler; shovels fuel into firebox and pokes fireto obtain maximum heat or sets device which feedsgas, operating and servicing various types of oil or other fuel automatically; checks temperature and stationaryengines andrelatedmechanical pressure of steam by reading gauges and feeds fuel or equipment; adjusts stoking mechanism accordingly. operating and servicing a particular May remove ashes from ash pans, clean boilers and type of flues, and condition boiler water by adding chemicals. stationary engine or installation suchas com- Ship's fireman is classified in 9-82.20, Railwaysteam- pressor, steam boiler, pumping equipment, water engine fireman in 9-83.30. treatment plant, incinerator, refrigeration unit, ventilation and heating installation; 9-69.40Pumping-Station Operator. performing related tasks. Operates pumping and siphoning equipment to transfer Crane and hoist operators, including Opening-liquids, gases, semi-liquids and powdered substances from bridge operator, are classified in unitgroup 9-73.one location to another: opens and sets valves and controls by manipulating 9-69.10Stationary Engine Operator (General). switches, levers and wheels to start and operate turbine- Operates and services various types of stationary and motor-driven pumps; reads and interprets flow- engines and related mechanical equipment suchas prime meters and pressure and level gauges; regulates movers to drive machinery (other than generators), com- equipment according to needs or instructions; lubricates pressorunits, pumps, refrigeration and ventilation moving parts of machines, makes repairs and adjust- equipment and similar installations : ments; maintains logs concerning quantities pumped, checks and adjusts controls and starts engine; observes utilisation of equipment and other matters. gauges and meters which indicate engine's performance May operate hydroelectric equipment to generate and operating conditions, such as temperature and oil power for operating water-pumping equipment. May pressure, and makes further adjustments if necessary; pump a particular type of liquid such as crude oil or maintains supply of fuel, lubricates workingparts, non-liquid substance and be designated accordingly. tightens loose parts and performs other servicing tasks Pumpman (petroleum refining) is classified in 7-45.30. to keep engine in good running order; makes minor repairs. 9-69.50Water Treatment Plant Operator (Waterworks). 9-69.20 Mr-Compressor Operator. Controls treatment plant equipment to purify and Operates and services a compressor whichgenerates clarify water for human consumption and industrialuse: and supplies compressed air to pneumatic tools, hoistsor controls flow of raw water into plant by starting and other equipment: regulating operation of electric motors,pumps and

252 7/8/9

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valves; adds specified amounts of chlorine, ammonia, gauges and other instruments relating to performance lime or other chemicals to disinfect, deodorise and of engines and operating conditions in the plant; clarify water, or adjusts automatic devices which admit operates switches, rheostats and other controls to chemicals in controlled dosages; starts agitators to maintain the desired temperature; cleans and resets mix ingredients; allows impurities to settle to bottom electric motor brushes, replaces burned fuses and of tank and removes them by filtering water through defective recording devices, thaws frozen valves, cleans filtering material; pumps purified water into water equipment and performs other tasks to keep system mains; monitors control panel meters and gauges to in good running order. determine rate of flow and other factors; manipulates May keep records of temperatures inside cooling switches to adjust distribution of water; cleans tank and system. filter beds; lubricates moving parts of machines and makes minor repairs and adjustments. 9-69.80Heating and Ventilation Equipment Operator. Controls and services electric motors, fans and other 9-69.60Incinerator Plant Operator. equipment in heating and ventilation systems: Controls equipment to burn garbage and other refuse operates fans, electric motors, air-cooling, heating and in incinerator plant: purification equipment; regulates speed of fans and directs workers in feeding waste material into furnace; adjusts dampers in heating and ventilating ducts as starts air-draught blower and turns valve to admit required; lubricates moving parts; cleans and replaces liquid or gaseous fuel, or signals to workers to shovel thermostats and electric motor brushes; tightens loose coal into furnace; lights furnace and observes and parts and performs other servicing tasks to keep system adjusts combustion control devices; moves levers to in good working order. open grates for ash removal; turns valve on waterline 9-69.90Other Stationary Engine and Related Equipment to sprinkle and settle ashes. Operators. 9-69.70Refrigeration System Operator. This group includes stationary engine and related equipment operators not elsewhere classified, for example Operates a refrigeration system for preserving foods,those who operate watersheds by controlling gates and providing cooling media for industrial processes, cooling valves in aqueducts and dams to regulate flow of water; buildings or for other purposes: operate sewage plant equipment to purify waste water; starts and stops electric motors, pumps, compressors, operate and maintain desilting basin to remove silt from coolers or other equipment related to refrigerationwater entering irrigation system; operate a cremation system, as required; observes thermometers, pressurefurnace to dispose of human bodies.

9-7 MATERIAL HANDLING AND RELATED EQUIPMENT OPERATORS, DOCKERS AND FREIGHT HANDLERS

Workers in this minor group perform freight handling tasks, such as loading and unloading ship and aircraft cargoes and other freight, including petroleum, wrapping objects, packing liquids, materials and objects in containers, affixing labels and making marks on containers and operating baling presses; rig cables, wires and ropes for lifting, hauling and other purposes, and splice cables; operate cranes and other hoisting equipment; operate machines to excavate, grade, level and compact earth, mix concrete and lay road surfaces of asphalt and concrete; operate specialised vehicles (not used for road transport) to lift, move, dump and stack materials in warehouses, on mining and construction sites and in timber yards and other establishments; and perform related tasks such as operating conveyors and aerial ropeways. They are classified in the unit groups listed below: 9-71Dockers and Freight Handlers. 9-72Riggers and Cable Splicers. 9-73 Crane and Hoist Operators. 9-74 Earth-Moving and Related Machinery Operators. 9-79Material Handling Equipment Operators Not Elsewhere Classified.

9-71Dockers and Freight Handlers and perform related freight handling tasks. Workers in this unit group load and unload Their functions include: freight, carry goods in warehouses and markets, loading and unloading ships' cargoes; loading pack and label materials and products for dis-and unloading goods carried in trucks, wagons tribution or transport, operate baling presses,and other land vehicles;

253 7/8/9

9-71.20 - 9-71.70

loading and unloading aircraftcargoes; pualpman to start pumping to load or unload boat; connecting hose lines between shore installa- disconnects hose when operation completed; cleans tions and tanks of ships to load and unload hose with steam or water. liquids; 9-71.45Warehouse Porter. carrying and stacking goods by hand in Carries and stacks goods in warehouse, marketor warehouse or market; similar establishment: wrapping objects; carries goods within the warehouse or market; loads, packing liquids,materials and objects in unloads and propels hand truck; stores articles in bins containers; and on shelves according to instructions. affixing labels and making identification and May load or unload road trucks or wagons, operate a other marks on containers; conveyor, elevator or stacking machine, pack and weigh operating a baling machine to compress and materials and mark identifying information on them. bind materials into bales; Stock clerks are classified in unit group 3-91. performing related tasks. 9-71.50Hand Packer. 9-71.20Docker. Packs materials or products by hand in cartons, wooden boxes, crates, kegs and other containers for Loads and unloads ships' cargoes: shipment or storage: carries goods from quayside into ship's hold, or vice wraps article in paper, shavings, corrugated cardboard, versa, or places them in position for removal by cloth or other material; folds, stacks or arranges small mechanical means; stows cargo in position in hold so articles in container or secures large articles to wooden as to conserve space and prevent damage in transit; base with bolts, metal straps or other fasteners. sorts cargo on quay or in quayside warehouse before May clean surfaces before packing, brush heavy oil and after loading or unloading. on metal articles to prevent rust, seal containers, May count, weigh, measure goods and mark identify- reinforce containers with wire or metal bands and ing information on them. May load and unload trucks. mark or label containers. May be designated according May specialise in a particular task and be designated to type of container used or article packed. accordingly. Workers who are occupied mainly in operatingcranes 9-71..s.i5Machine Packer. or winches are classified in unit group 9-73. Operates a machine to carry out one or more tasks in 9-71.30Railway and Road Vehicle Loader. wrapping objects or packing articles and liquids in containers for shipment or storage: Loads and unloads goods carried in trucks,wagons and other vehicles: prepares and starts machine and watches functioning to detect faults; stops machine, remedies faults or loads and unloads land transport vehicle by hand, reports them to supervisor; makes minor adjustments using hand truck, skids, bars, jacks and similar to machine setting and guides; ensures that packets, equipment; stows articles to form a compact load and cans, bottles or other containers are filled according to to avoid damage in transit and facilitate unloading. instructions; removes damaged articles and faulty May secure load with ropes or other fastenings, place containers. padding on articles to prevent breakage and secure May feed machine, conveyor or machine hopper with wagon covers. May be designated according to type products to be wrapped or packed and with packing of vehicle or material handled. materials such as paper and glue. May place container 9-71.35 in machine and press button or pull lever to fill it. Aircraft Loader. May keep records of articles packed. May be designated Loads and unloads aircraft cargoes: according to particular task performed or machine stows cargo according to size, weight, type and desti- operated. nation of goods, following general loading instructions; removes cargo from aircraft. 9-71.60Machine Labeller. May weigh cargo before loading and keep record of Operates a mac line which glues labels and revenue loaded and unloaded items.May secure cargo withstamps on articles and containers: tie-ropes or other fastenings and pad articles to prevent adjusts feed hoppers and guides to size of label and breakage. article to be labelled; regulates feeding mechanism and pressure of applicator rolls; loads machine with labels 9-71.40Boat Loader (Liquids and Gases). and glue; starts machine, feeds containers into machine, Connects hoses between pipes of main shore installation or starts automatic conveyor, and watches functioning and tanks of barges, tankers and other ships to load and to detect faults; remedies faults or reports them to unload petroleum, liquefied gases and other liquids: supervisor; removes damaged articles and labels from ties lines to hose, swings one end of hose into position machine. with winch and boom and connects it to valveon pipeline ashore; swings other end onto ship and connects9-71.70Bale-Press Operator. it to tank valve or inflow pipe; attaches wire to hose Operates machine to compress and bind loose materials and ground to prevent possible explosion due to staticinto bales to facilitate handling: electricity generated by liquid flow;opens gate valve places materials in compression chamber; moves lever to allow liquid to flow through hose and notifies causing ram to compress materials; threads tie-bands

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around bale and tightens them by twisting or clamping cuts out damaged parts of cables; joinscables by ends; releases ram andremoves bale from compression opening up ends and interweaving chamber. strands (splicing); fits end of cable around hooks,eyes and other attach- May weigh materials beforecompressing. May line ments and splices end back into cable; bindsjoints and compression chamber withpaper, burlap or other cable ends. material for covering bales. May be designated Electric cable jointer is classified in8-57.50. according to type of material baled.May use hand press. 9-72.20Hoisting Equipment Rigger (Construction). 9-71.90 Other Dockers and Freight Handlers. Sets up lifting cages, mobile platformsand other hoists This group includes dockers and freighthandlers notfor raising and lowering materials andworkers employed elsewhere classified, for example thosewho carry hand on construction work: baggage at railway stations, airports and piers; pack and erects framework, derrick or jib for hoist;selects and load furniture and other householdeffects into vans and fits pulleys, cables and other liftingtackle; hangs carry these items from vans into living quarters. working platforms and erects safetyscaffolding; inspects operation and security ofequipment and 9-72 Riggers and Cable Splicers makes necessary adjustments. Workers in this unit May connect power winding unitto hoist.May group erect tackle for operate hoist. lifting and hauling and install andmaintain cables, ropes and wireson construction, and oil 9-72.30Ship Rigger. and gas well-drilling sites, in shipsand aircraft and other places. Installs and repairsropes, wires and cables on ships: lays out and cuts cable, wire andrope for such parts as Their functions include: shrouds, braces, lifelines, radio aerials, liftinggear and setting up various types of liftingtackle to rigging attached to masts,spars and booms; splices cables and wires as required; nails, boltsor ties rigging move machinery and other heavy objects about in place; tests rigging and liftinggear for proper workshops, shipyardsor other locations; functioning and makesnecessary repairs and altera- joining, repairing and fitting attachmentsto tions. wires, hemp ropes and cables bysplicing; May install hatch and boatcovers and other canvas setting up lifting cages, mobile platformsand equipment. other hoists for raising and loweringmaterials 9-72.40Aircraft Rigger. and construction workers; installs cable connections between installing and repairingropes, wires and cables cabin controls of on ships; aircraft and ailerons, rudder, finsand other parts: positions pulleys, guides and brackets intail, wings and installing cable connections betweencabin fuselage structures according to plans;passes cables controls of aircraft and ailerons,rudders and through pulleys and holes, adjusts tensionand fastens fins; cable ends to moving parts; checksoperation of working as member ofcrew erecting and controls and makes necessary adjustmentsto cables. repairing derricks for drilling oil andgas wells 9-72.50Oil and Gas Well-Drilling Rigger. and installing cables, hoisting anddrilling equipment; Works as member of crew in erectingand repairing derricks used for drilling oil andgas wells and installing working as member of cablecrew to build up, cables, hoisting and drilling equipment: fit and install wire cables in theconstruction of erects and installs working platform; selects andplaces suspension bridges; sheave blocks, tackle and cables; splices cables;draws performing related tasks. cable through sheave blocks; fastens cablesto fixed objects for anchorage. 9-72.05 Hoisting Equipment Rigger (General). May assist in erecting and dismantling drillingrig. Sets up various types of lifting tackleand directs its use in moving machinery and other heavy objects about 9-72.60Suspension Bridge Cable Worker. factories, shipyards or other locations: Works as member of cable crew to buildup, fit and examines object to be moved, estimates weightand install wire cables in the construction ofsuspension decides type of equipment to be used;erects temporarybridges: jib or derrick if necessary and installscables, pulleys directs operator of machine which and other tackle; selects or makes grappling moves sheave equipment carrying a loop of wire across bridge; informsoperator and attaches it to load; guidescrane or winch operator when sheave reaches anchoring point; by hand signals to move load to desired places wire in position; proper relationship to wires already carriedacross and splices wire and hemp ropes when erectingand repair- fixes end of wire in tensioning clamp; stretches ing equipment. wire and secures it to adjoining wires whenrequired tension 9-72.10 Rope and Cable Splicer (General). is obtained; removes end of wire fromtensioning clamp and shapes group of built-up wires withcircular-jawed Joins, repairs and fits attachments to wireand hemp tongs to form cable strand; repeats operation to build- ropes and cables by splicing: up required number of strands; fits' hydraulic clamp

255 7/8/9

9-72.90 - 9-73A5

around strands and operates clamp to squeeze strands attached; raises, moves and places load in desired into cylindrical cable; binds end of cable with wire. position. May operate crane in accordance with signals from 9-72.90Other Riggers and Cable Splicers. other workers. May operate crane with mechanical This group includes riggers and cable splicers not else- grab attached to lifting tackle. where classified, for example those erecting and installing cable systems for overhead cable railways and other aerial 9-73.27Tower-Crane Operator. ropeways; those performing rigging tasks in connection Operates a crane consisting of a turning metal tower with logging operations. which moves on rails, equipped at the top with a mobile jib (boom) or a fixed jib along which a car supporting 9-73Crane and Hoist Operators the hoisting equipment moves : checks that crane is properly balanced and cables run Workers in this unit group operate cranes and correctly through pulleys; operates levers to control other hoisting equipment. rotary and other movements of tower or car, height of jib and raising or lowering of lifting equipment; Their functions include: ensures load does not exceed maximum permissible operating a bridge or gantry crane in which and checks stability of crane under influence of load the lifting gear can be moved along an overhead and wind; maintains crane in good working condition. bridge which moves on rails; May effect minor repairs. operating a stationary crane equipped with 9-73.30Mobile-Crane Operator. jib (boom); Operates a crane mounted on wheels or crawler tracks operating a crane consisting of a turning metal which can be moved under its own power in any direction: tower, mounted on rails, equipped with a mobile drives crane to work site; starts crane motor and or fixed jib (boom); manipulates controls to position crane, crane jib operating a crane mounted on wheels or (boom) and lifting tackle so that load can be attached; crawler tracks and movable under its own power; raises, moves and places load in required position. operating powered hoisting equipment, usually May direct helpers who drive crane into position. May drive crane with mechanical grab attached to lifting consisting of a mobile cage or platform to raise tackle. or lower materials and men on construction Operatorsof excavating,pile-driving and similar work; machines are classified in unit group 9-74. operating power-driven equipment to raise or lower cages or skips carrying materials or men 9-73.35Hoist Operator (Construction). in a mine; Operates power-driven hoisting equipment, usually giving signals controlling movement of cagesconsisting of mobile cage or platform, to raise and lower materials and workers employed on construction work: used to raise or lower men, cars and supplies ensures that cables and hoisting equipment are in good between various levels and surface of mine; working order; loads or oversees loading of cage, plat- operating hauling or lifting device consisting form or other device connected to hoist; starts motor mainly of a cable and a hand- or power-driven and moves levers to raise or lower load to required drum; point; moves lifting tackle to fresh position when controlling opening and closing of bridge for unloading completed. May raise and lower hoist in response to signals from the passage of road or water traffic; other workers. performing related tasks. 9-73.40Hoist Operator (Mine). 9-73.20Bridge- or Gantry-Crane Operator. Operates power-driven equipment to raise and lower Operates power-driven crane in which lifting gear can mine cages carrying workers and full or empty cars be moved along an overhead bridge which moves on rails: (skips): switches on power supply; operates controls to move starts motor and manipulates controls to raise or bridge along rails and lifting gear along bridge to reach lower cage in response to signals given by Mine cage- loading point; lowers lifting tackle for load to be man (9-73.45) at bottom or top of mine shaft; stops attached; raises, moves and lowers load to desired winder when dial indicator shows that cage has reached position; frequently operates crane in accordance with required level. signals from ground. May be designated according to type of work per-9-73.45 Mine Cageman. formed or materials moved. Gives signals for movement of cage used to raise and lower men, cars and supplies between various levels and 9-73.25Stationary Jib-Crane Operator. surface of mine and loads and unloads cage: Operates a stationary crane equipped with a mobile directs movement of cage by signalling Hoist operator jib (boom): (mine)(9-73.40) by electric bell or buzzer; pulls checks jib and cables for security and serviceability; empty cars from cage and runs them to station sidings starts crane motor; operates controls to swing, raise for distribution in mine; runs full cars into position or lower jib and place lifting tackle so that load can be near shaft and loads them in cage.

256 7/8/9

9-73.50 - 9-74.40

May pull loaded cars from cage at top of shaft and operating a machine whichspreadsand replace them with empty ones. smooths concrete to construct concrete roadways; 9-73.50Winch Operator. operating a machine to spread bituminous or Operates a hauling or lifting device consisting essen-tar preparations on roads; tially of a cable and winding drum rotated by hand or operating a transportable machine to mix power unit: sand, gravel, cement and water to make concrete ensures cable, winch drum and winch brake arein at construction site; good working order; threads cable through pulley wheels and adds additional pulley wheels if necessary; operating central concrete-mixing plant; connects end of cable to object to be moved or directs performing related tasks. helpers to do so; starts winch engine or turns winch handle to raise or pull object into position, adjusting9-74.20Excavating-Machine Operator. speed and applying brake as necessary. Operates a power-driven machine, mounted on wheels May control winch in accordance with signals fromor crawler trams, equipped with movable shovel, grab- other workers. bucket or dragline bucket to excavate and move earth, rock, sand, gravel and similar material: 9-73.55Opening-Bridge Operator. starts engine, drives machine to working point on site; Operates controls to open bridge for the passage of moves levers or pedals to direct shovel or bucket into water traffic and close bridge for use by road vehicles: working position, fill it with material and liftit to operates electrical or other machinery to open or close dumping location; opens shovel or up-ends bucket to bridge; operates warning lights and semaphore signals place material in truck or on dump; moves machine to indicate position of bridge and impending move- backwards and forwards as necessary; oils and greases ment; keeps bridge equipment in good working order. machine, fills with fuel and makes minor repairs. May make minor repairs. May operate a particular type of machine and be designated accordingly. 9-73.90Other Crane and Hoist Operators. This group includes crane and hoist operators not 9-74.25Trench-Digging-Machine Operator. elsewhere classified, for example those operating cranes Operates power-driven machine equipped with an mounted on railcars or floating platforms. endless bucket-chain to dig trenches for sewer, drainage, water, oil, gas and similar pipelines: 9-74 Earth-Moving and Related Machinery starts engine and controls movement of crawler treads Operators to move machine into position; operates levers to start, stop, raise or lower excavating mechanism until Workers in this unit group operate machines required depth is obtained; makes minor repairs to to excavate, grade, level and compact earth and machine. similar materials, mix concrete and lay road May set up lines along which machine is guided. surfaces of asphalt and concrete. 9-74.30Bulldozer Operator. Their functions include: Operates mobile power-driven machine equipped with operating an excavating machine, mountedconcave steel blade to move, distribute and level earth: on wheels or crawler tracks, equippedwith starts motor and adjusts hand lever to regulate height movable shovel, grab-bucket or dragline bucket, of blade from ground; drives machine to push earth to excavate and move earth, rock, sand, gravel and operates levers to level and distribute it; lubricates, and similar material; fuels and makes minor repairs to machine. May push or pull other equipment with bulldozer. operating a machine for digging trenches for May level and clear demolition sites with bulldozer. sewer, drainage, water, oil, gas and similar pipelines; 9-74.35Dredge Operator. operating a machine equipped with concave Operates various kinds of excavating equipment, steel blade to move, distribute and level earth; mounted on a dredge, to remove sand, gravel and mud operating dredging equipment to remove sand, from bottom of body of water: gravel and mud from bottom of a body of water; starts and stops engines operating excavating equipment; watches tide gauge and adjusts mechanism to operating a machine equipped with com- keep work uniform; manipulates levers, hand wheels pressed air, steam or drop-hammer to drive and other devices according to type of equipment in wooden, concrete or steel piles into dry ground use (dipper or hinged bucket, endless bucket chain or or bottom of a body of water; suction pipe) to excavate, load and unload material. operating a machine equipped with scraper May make minor repairs.May dredge mineral- bearing earth. May be designated according to type or scoop to level construction site'roadways, of equipment used. airport runways and other ground; operating power roller to compact and smooth 9-74.40Pile-Driver Operator. layers of material in making roads, pavements Operates a power-driven machine equipped with and similar work; power hammer or drop-hammer to drive wooden, con-

257 7/8/9

9-74.45 - 9-79.20

crete or steel piles into dry groundor bottom of body9-74.70 of water: Concrete-Mixer Operator. moves hand and foot levers to move machine into Operates a transportable machine which mixes sand, gravel, cement and water to makeconcrete on construc- position; hoists pile and lowers it into position fortion site: driving; manipulates controls tooperate hammer; makes adjustments to hoisting engine and hammer; starts motor to rotate mixing drum; lowerspan to assists in repairing and maintaining machine. receive batch from chute (sand,cement, gravel) or shovels materials into mixing drum; admits May operate air compressor when using pneumatic measured power hammer. amount of water to drum; discharges preparedcon- crete into carrying buckets; cleans andmaintains equipment. 9-74.45 Road-Grader and Scraper Operator. May estimate quantity of water requiredwhen auto- Operates a tractor-drawn or self-propelledscraper or matic measuring tank is not provided. scoop to level ground for construction of buildings, roadways, airport runways and other purposes: 9-74.75Concrete-Mixing-Plant Operator. drives a tractor .with attachments,or a self-propelled Operates central concrete mixing plantto prepare grader and scraper or scoop; manipulates leverstobatches of concrete accordingto orders: regulate height of the grader and scraper blade,or the starts power unit and opens hopper doors ofgravel, lower edge of scoop; manoeuvres machine to push sand and cement bins to allow materialsto flow into loose earth and level the surface and toscrape away scale hoppers for weighing;opens scale hopper doors high parts of surfaces to desired level,or to displace to allow weighed material topass into mixing drum; and scoop up earth on high parts of surface andto opens valve allowing water to flow frommeasuring discharge it elsewhere; makes minor adjustments and tank into mixing drum; opens chuteto discharge batch repairs to machine. of mixed concrete from drum intoconveyor or truck; May operate a particular type of machine andbe controls batch timer and recordsnumber of batches; designated accordingly. cleans mixer. May repair and maintain mixer andpower unit.May 9-74.50Road-Roller Operator. operate similar plant on large constructionprojects. Operates power-driven roller to compact and smooth 9-74.90Other Earth-Moving and RelatedMachinery layers of material such as rock, gravel, earth,concrete Operators. and asphalt to construct roads, pavements andrunways This group includes earth-moving and for other purposes: and related equipment operators not elsewhere classified,for example fills water tanks if rollers are to be moistened;startsthose who operate machinesto bore holes for posts or engine; drives roller backward and forwardover surface poles. until desired compactness and smoothnessare obtained; oils and greases machine and makes minorrepairs. 9-79Material Handling Equipment May operate special types of road roller, suchas those Operators equipped with scarifier to roughenor tear up surfaces, Not Elsewhere Classified and be designated accordingly. Workers in this unitgroup perform tasks in operating material handling 9-74.55Concrete Paving-Machine Operator. equipment not performed by workers classifiedin the preceding Operates a mobile paving machineto spread andunit groups. smooth freshly poured concrete surfaces forconcrete roadways under construction: Their functions include: starts machine and controls its movement either along operating lifting truckto move and stack rails set on each side ofnew roadbed or on crawlergoods in a warehouse,storeroom or other place; tracks; lowers attachment to spreadwet concrete operating dump-truck dumped within forms; adjusts attachmentsto success- to transfer bulk ma- ively vibrate, screed, strike-off andfloat surface ofterials on construction site,mining area or concrete, spray on curing compound andcut expansiondumping site; joints. operating a self-propelledtruck (shuttle-car) May operate machine with attachmentto perform oneto transport minerals ina mine; of the above operations andbe designated accord- driving a self-propelled vehicle ingly.May operate a mobile machine that mixesand which carries pours concrete into forms for paving roadways. loads of timber beneath itselevated frame; operatingother equipmentfor handling 9-74.60Tar-Spreading Machine Operator. materials uch as bucket andbelt conveyors and aerial ropeways. Operates a tractor-drawnor self-propelled machine to spread bituminous or tar preparations on road surfaces: 9-79.20Lifting-Truck Operator. keeps machine supplied with materials;controls temperature of material at time ofuse; directs movement Operates power-driven truckequipped with fork lift of machine and controls materialflow and thicknessor lifting platform to pick up,transport and raise or of layer according to instructions. mechanically stack bales,crates, cartons and similar objectsin warehouse, storeroom,factory or other May maintain machine and makeminor repairs. establishment:

258 7/8/9

9-79.30 - 9-81

drives truck to location of load; moves levers to posi- drives shuttle-car to position its forward part under tion platform under load or push fork lift into base- mechanical loader chute or conveyor at working face board of load and raise load; drives truck, often through in mine; manipulates control levers to obtain even confined spaces, to position desired, exercising care to loading; drives shuttle-car to discharge ramp and pulls prevent damage to goods; deposits load on floor or lever to unload; lubricates truck and makes minor raises platform to desired height for stacking articles repairs. in piles or on shelves. Engine-driver (mine and quarry), who drives a vehicle May carry out routine servicing of truck. May tow to haul skips along rails in a mine or quarry, is classified hand trucks. May load or unload truck by hand. in 9-83.60.

9-79.30 Dumper Driver. 9-79.50Timber-Carrier Driver. Operates motorised tip-wagon (dump truck,not Drives a straddle truck to carry, beneath its elevated intended for transport by road) to transfer bulk materialsframe, logs, sawn timber or similar loads for short such as earth, gravel, stone and minerals from one loca-distances, usually within a timber yard, sawmill or other tion to another on a construction site, mining area orindustrial establishment: dumping site: drives machine to position astride load to be carried; positions dump truck to be filled with material from manipulates lever to cause clamps under frame of chute, excavator buckets, mechanical shovel or otkr vehicle to grasp load and raise it a short distance above means; drives loaded truck to unloading point and ground; drives machine to delivery point and moves positions it for discharge into chute, storage bin or on lever to deposit load. dumping site; pulls lever to operate tipping mechanism; restores empty container to normal position and drives May service vehicle and make minor repairs to it. dump-truck to loading point. 9-79.90Other Material Handling Equipment Opetatots. 9-79.40 Shuttle-Car Operator (Mine). This group includes material handling equipment Operates self-propelled truck (shuttle-car) to transport operators not elsewhere classified, for example those who minerals from working face in mine to conveyor or railoperate elevating, endless-belt, bucket, and chain con- car (skip) loading chute: veyors, aerial ropeways and similar equipment.

9-8 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT OPERATORS

Workers in this minor group drive vehicles and perform assimilated tasks related to the transport of passengers and freight by water-borne craft, land transport vehicles and pack animals. They carry out deck and engine-room duties aboard ship (under the direction of ships' officers, classified in 0-42 and 043) and aboard other water-borne craft, drive locomotives,manoeuvre railway coaches and wagons, operate railway signals and lighthouses, drive motor vehicles and motor-cycles, drive pack animals and vehicles drawn by animals, operate locks in canals and ports, dry-dock vessels, drive pedal vel. ;cles and pull -ickshaws and handcarts.They are classified in the unit groups listed below : 9-81Ships' Deck Ratings, Barge Crews and Boatmen. 9-82Ships' Engine-Room Ratings. 9-83Railway Engine-Drivers and Firemen. 9-84Railway Brakemen, Signalmen and Shunters. 9-85 Motor Vehicle Drivers. 9-86 Animal and Animal-Drawn Vehicle Drivers. 9-89Transport Equipment Operators Not Elsewhere Classified. Aircraft and ships' officers (including ships' deck officers and engineer officers)are classified in minor group 0-4; Ship's carpenter in 9-54.55. Ship's engine-room mechanicsare classified in 8-49.90.Transport conductors are classified in minor group 3-6.

9-81Ships' Deck Ratings, Barge Crews officers and similar duties aboard other water- and Boatmen borne craft. Their functions include: Workers in this unit group carry out deck supervising able seamen and other deck hands duties aboard ship under direction of deckengaged on maintenance and repair of ship's

259 7/8/9

9-81.20 - 9-83.20

deck equipment, boats andother gear, cleaning decks and renewing paintwork; lubricating bearings, movingparts of engines and other mechanical equipmenton board ship; serving as senior deck handto carry out such assisting engineer officers duties as steering ship, and engine-room standing lookout, takingmechanics in repair and maintenance charge of lifeboats, settingup rigging and other of ship's gear; engines and mechanicalequipment; performing related tasks. serving as ordinary deck handto assist able seamen and to perform deck cleaning, Ship's engine-room mechanicisclassified scale-in 8-49.90. scraping, painting and othermaintenance duties; performing related tasks. 9-83.20Ship's Fireman. Ship's carpenter is classified in 9-54.55. Tends one or more boilers producingsteam for ship's 9-81.20Boatswain. main and auxiliary engines: fuels boiler by turning valvesto regulate flow of oilor Supervises deck ratings engagedon cleaning and main- pulverised coal into firebox, shovelling tenance work aboard ship (except coal into firebox engine room): or moving controls to regulate feeding speedof auto- inspects life-saving, cargo-handlingand other ship's matic stoker; ignites fuel withtorch; maintains boiler deck equipment, rigging, anchors,cables and sails and water at required level and controls fuelsupply and supervises crewmen engagedon maintenance and forced draught to burner tomaintain specified steam repair; supervises crewmen engagedon deck cleaning pressure; shovels ashes or cleans oil jets, filtersand and maintenance, removal ofscale and repainting of burner barrels and cleans workarea using steam, steel and woodwork. solvent and rags. May conserve and issue deckstores. 9-82.30Ship's Oiler and Greaser. 9-81.30 Able Seaman. Lubricates bearings and movingparts of engines and Serves as senior deck-handon seagoing vessel: other mechanical equipmenton vessel afloat: stands lookout; steers vesselas directed; handles makes regular rounds of machinery,checks gauges and mooring lines on board; lowersand raises lifeboats; thermometers and adjustspressure and flow of lubri- takes charge of lifeboats and othersmall boats; breaks cants to working parts of machinery;fills lubricant out, rigs, overhauls and stowscargo-handling gear; dispensers and renews oil insumps; pours oil and splices wire rope and cordage;maintains lifeboats, life- applies grease withgrease-gun at specified points of saving gear, deck equipment andmakes minor repairs; machinery not automaticallylubricated; assists engi- scrapes and cleans painted surfaces of vesseland neers and engine-room mechanics in overhaulingand repaints them; washes decks andmaintains cleanliness repairing engines and other shipboard of ship's hull, fittings, machinery. superstructure and cargo spaces. May clean machinery and engineroom. May be May assist in stowing and dischargingcargo. May designated "motorman"on a motor vessel. have rank of petty officer and bedesignated according to particular duties, e.g.quartermaster. 9-82.90 Other Ships' Engine-RoomRatings. 9-81.40Ordinary Seaman. This group includes ships'engine-room ratings not elsewhere classified, for example Serves as ordinary deck handon seagoing vessel: those who perform cleaning tasks in engine and boilerrooms. performs and assists in carryingout tasks similar to those of Able seaman (9-81.30). 9-83Railway Engine-Drivers and 9-81.90Other Ships' Deck Ratings,Barge Crews and Firemen Boatmen. Workers in this unitgroup drive, or assist in This group includes other ships'deck ratings, bargedriving, railway enginesto transport passengers crews and boatmen not elsewhere classified, forexampleand freight. those who perform tasks of deck-handson harbour vessels, canal barges, river boats, ferriesand yachts; serve as Their functions include: crewmen on tugboats, cable ships, lightships anddredges; driving or assisting in drivinga steam, electric serve as members of land-based lifeboatcrew; drive launches and motorboats. or diesel-electric railway engine; firing and attending to boilerof a steam locomotive; 9-82Ships' Engine-Room Ratings driving as undergroundor elevated passenger Workers in this unitgroup operate and main-train; tain ships' engines, boilersand mechanical driving a locomotive to haulcars underground equipment on vessels afloat,usually under super-or on surface of mine or quarry; vision of engineer officers. performing related tasks. Their functions include: 9-83.20Railway Engine-Driver. tending one ormore boilers producing steam for ships' engines; Drives steam, electricor diesel-electric railway engine to haul passenger and freight trains: 260 7.,,'

7/8/9

9-83.30 - 9-84.40

controls movement of train according to train orders,control the movement of railway traffic by train schedules, signals given by other members of train crew and signals along route; inspects engine at operatingsignals, switchrolling stock and beginning and end of each run; lubricates mechanismassemble trains in railway yards, make up trains and makes minor repairs and adjustments during run. of cars for hauling in mines and control their May be designated according to type of engine driven. movement. May give engine-driving instruction to trainee drivers. Their functions include: 9-83.30Railway Steam-Engine Fireman. taking charge of and safeguarding freight Fires and attends to boiler of steam locomotive: train during trip; manipulates valves to control flow of oil fuel to burner, controlling flow of railway traffic over section or feeds coal into firebox with hand shovel or mechanical stoker; maintains steam pressure and water atof line by operating signals and switches from required levels; checks and replenishes supplies, such control tower or signal box; as sand (to aid traction), fuel and water, to ensure safe, switching and coupling rolling stock in rail- efficient operation during run; inspects locomotive to way yards and sidings in accordance with orders detect worn and damaged parts; observes track to detect obstacles and checks train as it goes aroundabout loading, unloading and make-up of trains; curves to detect dragging equipment and smoking making up trains of cars for hauling by loco- journal boxes; assists driver in observing signals andmotive or cable and directing their movement following train orders and schedules. along haulageways in a mine or quarry. 9-83.40Assistant Railway Engine-Driver. Railway passenger train guard is classified in Assists driver of electric or diesel railway engine: 3-60.20. assists driver in observing signals, following train orders and train schedules and in making minor9-84.20Railway Brakeman (Freight Train). repairs and adjustments during run; observes oil, Takes charge of and safeguards freight train during temperature and pressure gauges to ensure that enginetrip: is operating safely and efficiently; observes track to detect obstacles, and checks train as it goes around assists in preparing train for run; checks signalling curves to detect dragging equipment and smoking equipment such as flags, lamps and detonators; verifies journal boxes; drives engine in emergency. that couplings and air hoses are securely fastened, axle- boxes lubricated and hand-brakes off before departure; May be designated according to kind of locomotive. signals engine driver to start or stop train; observes 943.50Underground or Elevated Train Driver. train during run to detect overheated axle-boxes, loose couplings and other defects; places warning signals in Drives an underground or elevated train to transport front of and at rear of train during emergency stops; passengers: supervises and assists attaching and detaching of controls movement of train according to train orders, freight cars at intermediate stops; submits report at train schedules, signals by guard or conductor and termination of each run or shift. block and semaphore signals along route. May keep records of freight cars making up train, their destinations and other items. 9-83.60Engine-Driver (Mine and Quarry). Drives an electric, diesel or compressed-air driven 9-84.30Railway Signalman. locomotive to haul cars underground or on surface of mine or in quarry: Controls flow of railway traffic over section of line operates controls of locomotive to haul mine cars inby operating signals and switches from control tower or mine or quarry according to driving orders and follow- signal box: ing signals of Mine and quarry brakeman (9-84.50); reads switching orders and schedules of inbound and inspects locomotive at beginning and end of each shift, outbound traffic to ascertain time trains will enter or lubricates it, makes minor adjustments and verifies leave yard or line section, sequence of movement, and supply of fuel oil, or compressed air, or charge in tracks on which trains are to be routed; moves switches batteries. on control panel to set traffic signals and to activate May throw track switches, couple and uncouple engine track switches that regulate traffic; receives and sends and cars. May be designated according to type of train orders by telephone or telegraph. engine driven. May control opening and closing of level-crossing barriers in addition to operating signals. 9-83.90Other Railway Engine-Drivers and Firemen. This group includes railway engine-drivers and firemen9-84.40Railway Shunter. not elsewhere classified, for example those who drive Switches rolling-stock in railway yards and sidings in shunting engines. accordance with orders about loading, unloading and make-up of trains, and couples and uncouples rolling- 9-84Railway Brakemen, Signalmen stock : and Shunters throws track switches so that cars can be shunted to different locations in yard according to instructions; Workers in this unit group take charge and exchanges signals with brakeman and engine-driver and safeguard railway freight trains during trips, rides with driver if necessary; couples and uncouples

261 7/8/9

9-84.50 - 9-86

rolling-stock; sets brakes by hand on rolling-stock not9-85.40 Motor Bus Driver. coupled to engine. May ride on cars that have been shunted and turn Drives motor bus, trolley-bus or motor coach to handl:dm:I to control speed of car or stop it at specifiedtransport local or long-distance passengers: position. drives bus over fixed or predetermined route, with due regard to other traffic, traffic regulations, signals from 9-84.50 Mine and Quarry Brakeman. conductor and time schedules. Makes up trains of cars for hauling by locomotive or May operate automatic doors and, on a one-man bus, cable and directs their movement along haulageways in collect fares, issue tickets and keep simple records. mine or quarry: couples railcars to form trains and attaches them to 9-85.50Lorry and Van Driver (Local Transport). locomotives or hoisting cables; throws switches to direct cars onto selected tracks; directs movement of Drives a motor vehicle, such as heavy truck, light lorry train by signalling Engine-driver (mine and quarry) or delivery van, to transport freight over short distances: (9-83.60) to start or stop. drives truck or similar vehicle between depot and load- May dump contents of cars into conveyor loading ing and unloading points, with due regard to other chute. traffic, traffic regulations and time schedules; keeps vehicle in good running order and makes minor repairs. 9-85Motor-Vehicle Drivers May assist with or perform loading and unloading tasks.May transport a particular type of article or Workers in this unit group drive street railway merchandise and be designated accordingly. cars and motor vehicles for the transport of Roundsmen making regular deliveries of bread, milk, passengers and freight by road. ice or other goods to households are classified in 4-52.20. Their functions include: driving street railway cars; 9-85.60Lorry and Van Driver (Long-Distance Transport). driving motor cars or three-wheeled motorised Drives heavy motor vehicle, such as truck with or vehicles to transport passengers on demand; without trailer, to transport goods or liquids over long driving motor buses or motor coaches todistances: transport local or long-distance passengers; drives vehicle between depot and loading and unloading points, applying knowledge of long-distance commer- driving heavy motor trucks, light lorries or cial driving regulations and roads in area; keeps vehicle vans to transport freight locally or over long in good running order and makes minor repairs; distances; complies with customs and other regulations and keeps driving motor-cycles or motorised carrier- simple records. May assist with or perform loading and unloading tricycles equipped to transport goods; tasks. driving other motor vehicles such as hire cars, ambulances or new motor vehicles from assembly 9-85.70Motor-Cyclist. plant to delivery or shipping points. Drives motor-cycle or motorised tricycle equipped to 9-85.20 Tram Driver. transport goods: Drives street railway car transporting passengers: controls movement of vehicle with due regard to other controls movement of tram car, in response to signals traffic regulations; loads and unloads goods; makes given by conductor with due regard to other traffic, minor repairs, cleans vehicle and keeps it in good traffic regulations and time schedules. running order. May, on one-man cars, collect fares, issue tickets, May collect payment for goods delivered. keep simple records, operate automatic doors and Drivers of three-wheeled motor vehicles which trans- switch points, and adjust overhead trolley on power port passengers are classified in 9-85.30. lines. 9-85.90Other Motor-Vehicle Drivers. 9-85.30Taxi Driver. This group includes motor vehicle drivers not elsewhere Drives motor car or three-wheeled motorised vehicle to classified, for example private chauffeurs, hire-car drivers, transport passengers on demand at a charge usually basNi drivers of cars attached to a governmental or other orga- on a fixed tariff: nisation's car pool, drivers delivering new motor vehicles drives passenger-carrying motor car or three-wheeled from factory to ports, sales depots or other places, drivers vehicle with due regard to other traffic and traffic of ambulances, and motor-car driving instructors. regulations; assists passengers boarding or leaving vehicle and handles baggage; collects fare recorded on meter and supplementary charges in accordance with tariff, or other agreed charge. 9-86Animal and Animal-Drawn Vehicle Drivers May keep car clean and in good running order and make minor repairs. Workers in this unit group drive animal-drawn Drivers of hire cars and drivers employed for anvehicles and animals transporting passengers and organisation's car pool are classified in 9-85.90. freight.

262 7/8/9

9-86.20 - 949.90

Their functions include: Material handling and related equipment driving animals pulling road vehicles to trans-operators are classified in minor group 9-7. port passengers or freight; driving animals to haul vehicles underground 9-89.20Dockmaster, Dry-Dock. or on surface of a mine or in a quarry; Supervises and co-ordinates activitiesof workers engaged in dry-docking vessels for cleaning,painting and driving working elephants; repair: driving a single animal, or pack-animal train, analyses vessel's blueprints and specificationsto deter- to transport passengers or freight. mine size, shape and number of keel and bilge blocks required to support vessel; directs workers inassem- 9-86.20Animal-Drawn Vehicle Driver (Road). bling, positioning and securing blocksto floating dry- Drives one or more animals pulling road vehicles to dock platform, marine railwayor floor of graving transport passengers or freight: dock; takes sights to establish reference pointsfor harnesses animals and hitches them to vehicle; loads positioning vessel over blocks, using transit, and directs and unloads vehicle or assists passengers to board and workers in aligning vessel over blocks; directs workers in pumping operations and in positioning, floodingand leave vehicle; drives animals with due regard to other pumping caisson (gate) in graving dock; supervises traffic and traffic regulations; keeps vehicle clean and flooding operations and removal of vessel from in good working order. dry-dock. May collect fares or charges. May tend working animals. 9-89.30Lock Operator (Canal or Port). Opens and closes lock gates to permit thepassage of 9-86.30Animal-Drawn Vehicle Driver (Mine and Quarry). water-borne craft: Drives animals to haul wagons underground oron operates mechanical and electrical machinery toopen surface of a mine or in a quarry: and close locks in canals and ports; operates naviga- drives animals to haul wagons along tracks to and tion lights and traffic signals; cleans, oils and makes from loading point; directs animals by voice or reins. minor repairs to equipment. May tend and harness animals. May assist in loading May keep records about number and types of craft and unloading wagons. passing, direction of travel, water levels, weathercon- ditions and other data. 9-86.90Other Animal and Animal-Drawn Vehicle Drivers. Opening-bridge operator is classified in 9-73.55. This group includes animal and animal-drawn vehicle drivers not elsewhere classified, for example those who 9-89.40Lighthouse Man. drive working elephants, or drive one animal,or pack- Operates warning light and signal apparatus of light- animal train, to transport passengers or freight. house or lightship: lights lamps at dusk and extinguishes them at dawnor 9-89Transport Equipment Operators operates apparatus automatically activating lamps at Not Elsewhere Classified predetermined hours; cleans lighting mechanism and lenses; maintains equipment in operating condition Workers in this unit group operateor tend and makes minor repairs. various types of equipment used foror related May operate fog or other signals. to transport of goods or passengers and are not 9-89.50Pedal-Vehicle Driver. elsewhere classified. Propels cycle equipped to transport passengersor Their functions include: goods: supervising and co-ordinating thea ^tivities assists passengers in getting on and off vehicle,or of workers engaged in dry-docking vessels for loads and unloads goods; propels and controls vehicle cleaning, painting and repair; with due regard to other traffic and traffic regulations; makes minor repairs and keeps vehicle in good order. opening and closing lock gates to permit the May collect fares or charges. passage of water-borne traffic; operating and maintaining warning light and 9-89.90Other Transport Equipment Operators. signal apparatus of lighthouses and lightships; This group includes transport equipment operators not driving pedal vehicles to transport goodsor elsewhere classified, for example those who attend to gates, passengers; sluices and pumping machinery connected with the dry- docking of vessels, pull rickshaws to transportpassengers, pulling rickshaws and handcarts; or handcarts to transport goods by road, open and close performing related tasks. gates at railway level-crossings.

263 7/8/9

9-9 - 9.99.10

9-9 LABOURERS NOT ELSEWHERECLASSIFIED

Workers in this minor group perform manualtasks having a simple and routine natureand requiring mainly physical effort, whichare not performed by workers classified elsewhere.They are classified in the unit group mentioned below: 9-99Labourers Not Elsewhere Classified. Workers performing simple manual tasks infarming and mining are classified in minor groups 6-2 and 7-1 respectively; caretakers and cleaners of residences andcommercial and other establishments in minor group 5-5; hotel baggageporters in 5-99.90; Dockers and freight handlers in unit group 9-71.

9-99Labourers Not Elsewhere Classified shovelling snow; Workers in this unit group perform manual washing exteriors of railway carriages,motor tasks having a simple and routinenature,vehicles, buses and trams; requiring mainly physical effort and littleor no carrying surveyor's instruments and clearing previous experience, whichare not performedobstructions as directed; by workers classified elsewhere. carrying bricks and mortar to bricklayeron Their functions include: construction site; collecting and removing garbage; performing simple manual tasks requiring washing dishes and utensils inrestaurant mainly physical effort, suchas digging and fillingkitchen. holes and trenches using pick and shovel; cleaning used building bricks and doing other 9-99.10Labourer. simple work on demolition sites; Performs lifting, carrying, stacking, shovelling, digging cleaning up workplaces in factories; and similar tasks by hand, using simple labouringtools carrying materials to and from work bench,such as pick, shovel, wheelbarrow andstreet broom using hand trolley wherenecessary, lifting by where necessary: hand and stacking bricks, timber executes tasks of a simple and routine nature, requiring or other mainly physical effort, but not necessitating previous materials; experience of the work or exercise of personal initiative spreading gravel and other materials witha or judgment; carries out tasks such as those described shovel to patch roads or maintain railway track above under Labourers Not ElsewhereClassified ballast; (94-9). sweeping streets and clearing rubbish from Workers performing simple manual tasks in farming, mining and certain other activitiesare classified elsewhere pirks and public gardens; (see note under minor group 9-9).

264 MAJOR V. GROUP AL

WORKERS NOT CLASSIFIABLE BY OCCUPATION

Workers in this major group are new workers seeking employment, workers reporting occupations which cannot be identified, workers reporting occupations not sufficiently well described to permit classification in oneof the preceding major groups and workers not reporting any occupation. They are classified in the minor groups listed below : X-1 New workers seeking employment. X-2 Workers reporting occupations unidentifiable orinadequately described. X-3 Workers not reporting any occupation. Workers with work experience who are currently without a job and are seeking work may be classified in one of the preceding major groupsaccording to their usual occupation.

X-1 NEW WORKERS SEEKING EMPLOYMENT

Workers classified in this minor group are young persons and other new workersentering the labour force who have no employment, are seeking work and either have had noprevious work experience or have had only incidental work experience such as temporary or casual workduring school holidays or in a family enterprise.They are classified in the unit group mentioned below: X-10 New Workers Seeking Employment.

X-10 New Workers Seeking Employment casual work during school vacations or helping in a family enterprise. Workers classified in this unit group are youngX-10.10 New Workers Seeking Employment. persons and other new workers entering the This group includes those young persons and other new labour force who have no employment, are workers entering the labour force who have no employment, are seeking work and either have had no previous seeking work and either have had no pre-work experience or have had only incidental work vious work experience or have had only inci-experience such as temporary or casual work during dental work experience such as temporary orschool vacations or in a family enterprise.

X-2 WORKERS REPORTING OCCUPATIONS UNIDENTIFIABLE OR INADEQUATELY DESCRIBED

Workers classified in this minor group include workers reporting occupations which cannotbe identified, workers reporting occupations not sufficiently well described to permit classificationin

265 x

X-20 - X-30.10 one of the preceding major groups and workers reporting occupations not classifiable elsewhere because of erroneous reporting or for other reasons.They are classified in the unit group mentioned below : X-20 Workers Reporting Occupations Unidentifiable or Inadequately Described.

X-20 Workers Reporting Occupations X-20.10Workers Reporting Occupations Unidentifiable Unidentifiable or Inadequately Described or Inadequately Described. Workers classified in this unit group are those This group includes persons reporting occupations which cannot be identified, occupations not sufficiently reporting occupations which cannot be identi-well described to permit classification in one of the pre- fied, those reporting occupations not sufficientlyceding major groups and occupations not classifiable well described to permit classification in one ofelsewhere because of erroneous reporting or for other the preceding major groups and those reporting reasons. occupations not classifiable elsewhere because of erroneous reporting or for other reasons.

X-3 WORKERS NOT REPORTING ANY OCCUPATION

Workers classified in this minor group are those not reporting any information as to their occupation.They are classified in the unit group mentioned below: X-30 Workers Not Reporting Any Occupation.

X-30 Workers Not Reporting Any Occupation X-30.10Workers Not Reporting Any Occupation. Workers classified in this unit group are This group includes those not reporting any informa- those not reporting any information as to theirtion as to their occupation. occupation.

266 ARMED FORCES

ARMED FORCES

MEMBERS OF THE ARMED FORCES

Members of the armed forces are those personnel who are serving in the armed forces, including women's auxiliary services, whether on a voluntary or involuntary basis, and who are not free to accept civilian employment.Included are regular members of the army, navy, air force and other military services, as well as temporary members enrolled for full-time training or other service for a period of three months or more.Excluded are persons in civilian employment, such as administrative staff of government establishments concerned with defence questions; police (other than military police); customs inspectors and members of other armed civilian services; members of military reserves not currently on full-time active service; and persons who have been temporarily withdrawn from civilian life for a short period of military training.

267 CLASSIFIED LIST OF ISCO TITLES AND CODES

MAJOR GROUP 0/1

PROFESSIONAL, TECHNICAL AND RELATED WORKERS

0-1Physical Scientists and Related Technicians 0-22.55Hydraulics engineer 0-22.60Soil mechanics engineer 0-11Chemists 0-22.90 Other civil engineers Chemist, general 0-11.10 Electrical and Electronics Engineers 0-11.20Organic chemist 0-23 0-11.30Inorganic chemist 0-23.05Electrical engineer (general) 0-11.40Physical chemist 0-23.10Electronics engineer (general) 0-11.50Analytical chemist 0-23.20 Power generation engineer 0-11.90Other chemists 0-23.30 Power distributionand transmission engineer 0-12Physicists 0-23.40 Telecommunications engineer 0-12.10Physicist (general) 0-23.90 Other electrical and electronics engineers 0-12.20Mechanics physicist 0-24Mechanical Engineers 0-12.30Heat physicist 0-12.40Light physicist 0-24.10 Mechanical engineer (general) 0-12.50Sound physicist 0-24.20Industrial machinery and tools engineer 0-12.60Electricity and magnetism physicist 0-24.30 Mechanical engineer (motors and engines, 0-12.70Electronics physicist except marine) 0-12.80Nuclear physicist 0-24.40 Marine engineer 0-12.90Other physicists 0-24.50 Ship construction engineer 0-24.60 Aeronautical engineer 0-13Physical Scientists Not Elsewhere Classified 0-24.70 Automotive engineer ventilation and refrigeration 0-13.20Geophysical scientist 0-24.80 Heating, 0-13.30Geological scientist engineer 0-13.40Meteorological scientist 0-24.85Nuclear power engineer 0-13.50 Astronomical scientist 0-24.90 Other mechanical engineers 0-13.90Other physical scientists 0-25Chemical Engineers 0-14Physical Science Technicians 0-25.10 Chemical engineer (general) 0-14.20Chemistry technician 0-25.20 Chemical engineer (petroleum) 0-14.30Physics technician 0-25.90 Other chemical engineers 0-14.90 Other physical science technicians 0-26Metallurgists 0-26.20Extractive metallurgist 0-2/0-3Architects, Engineers and Related Technicians 0-26.30 Physical metallurgist 0-26.90 Other metallurgists 0-21Architects and Town Planners 0-21.20 Building architect 0-27Mining Engineers 0-21.30 Town planner 0-27.10 Mining engineer (general) 0-21.40Landscape architect 0-27.20 Coal-mining engineer 0-27.30 Metal-mining engineer 0-22Civil Engineers 0-27.40 Petroleum and natural gas engineer 0-22.10Civil engineer (general) 0-27.90 Other mining engineers 0-22.20 Building construction engineer 0-22.30 Highway and street construction engineer 0-28Industrial Engineers 0-22.35 Aerodrome construction engineer 0-28.10 Industrial efficiency engineer (general) 0-22.40 Railway construction engineer 0-28.20 Methods engineer 0-22.45Bridge construction engineer 0-28.30 Time and motion study engineer 0-22.50Sanitary engineer 0-28.90 Other industrial engineers dce269 CLASSIFIED LIST

0-29 - 0-54

0-29 Engineers Not Elsewhere Classified 0-38.20 Petroleum and natural gas extraction 0-29.20Ceramics and glass technologist technician 0-29.30Agricultural engineer 0-38.90Other mining technicians 0-29.40 Food and drink technologist 0-29.50Traffic planner 0-39 Engineering Technicians Not Elsewhere Classified 0-29.90Other engineers 0-39.20 Production engineering technician 0-31Surveyors 0-39.30 Time and motion study technician 0-39.90Other engineering technicians -0-31.10Surveyor, general 0-31.20 Land surveyor 0-31.30 Mine surveyor 0-4Aircraft and Ships' Officers 0-31.40Hydrographic surveyor 0-31.50Photogrammetrist 041 Aircraft Pilots, Navigators and Flight Engineers 0-31.90Other surveyors 0-41.20 Air transport pilot 0-32 Draughtsmen 0-41.30Aircraft pilot (except transport) 0-41.40Flight navigator 0-32.10Draughtsman, general 0-41.50Flight engineer 0-32.20Mechanical draughtsman 0-41.60Flying instructor 0-32.30Electrical draughtsman 0-32.40Civil engineering draughtsman 042 Ships' Deck Officers and Pilots 0-32.50Architectural draughtsman 0-32.60Cartographical draughtsman 0-42.15Ship's master (sea) 0:32.70Technical illustrator 0-42.20Ship's master (inland waterways) 0-32.80Lithographic artist 0-42.30Ship's navigating officer 0-32.90Other draughtsmen 0-42.40Ship pilot 0-42.50Marine superintendent (deck) 0-33Civil Engineering Technicians 0-42.90 Other ship's deck officers and pilots 0-33.10Civil engineering technician (general) 0-33.20 Quantity surveyor 043 Ships' Engineers 0-33.30Surveyor's technician 0-43.15Ship's chief engineer 0-33.40Clerk of works 0-43.20Marine engineer officer 0-33.90 Other civil engineering technicians 0-43.30 Marine superintendent (technical)

0-34Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technicians 0-5 Life Scientists and Related Technicians 0-34.05Electrical engineering technician (general) 0-34.10 Electronics engineering technician 0-51 (general) Biologists, Zoologists and Related Scientists 0-34.20Electrical engineering technician (high 0-51.10Biologist (general) voltage) 0-51.20Botanist 0-34.30 Telecommunications technician 0-51.30 Zoologist 0-34.90 Otherelectricalandelectronicsengineering 0-51.90 Other biologists, zoologists and related technicians scientists 0-35Mechanical Engineering Technicians 0-52Bacteriologists,PharmacologistsandRelated 0-35.10 Mechanical engineering technician Scientists (general) 0-52.20 Anatomist 0-35.20Mechanical engineering technician 0-52.30 Biochemist (motors and engines) 0-52.40Physiologist 0-35.30 Aeronautical engineering technician 0-52.50Bacteriologist 0-35.40 Automotive engineering technician 0-52.60 Medical pathologist 0-35.50Heating, ventilation and refrigeration 0-52.65Veterinary pathologist engineering technician 0-52.70 Pharmacologist 0-35.90 Other mechanical engineering technicians 0-52.80 Animal scientist 0-52.90 Other bacteriologists,pharmacologists 0 361 Chemical Engineering Technicians and related scientists 0-36.10 Chemical engineering technician (general) 0-53 Agronomists and Related Scientists 0-36.20 Chemical engineering technician 0-53.20 Agronomist (petrolenm) 0-53.30Horticulturist 0-36.90 Other chemical engineering technicians 0-53.40Silviculturist 0-53.50Soil scientist 0-37Metallurgical Technicians 0-53.60 Farming adviser 0-37.20Extractive metallurgy technician 0-53.90 Other agronomists and related scientists 0-37.30Physical metallurgy technician 0-37.90 Other metallurgical technicians 0-54 Life Sciences Technicians 0-54.20 0-38Mining Technicians Biological technician 0-54.30 Medical science technician 0-38.10 Mining technician (general) 0-54.90 Other life sciences technicians

270 CLAMMED LIE'"

0-61 - 1-31

0-6/0-7Medical, Dental, Veterinary and Related Workers 0-79 Medical, Dental, Veterinary and Related Workers Not Elsewhere Classified 0-61 Medical Doctors 0-79.20Osteopath 0-61.05General physician 0-79.30Chiropractor 0-61.10 General surgeon 0-79.40Sanitarian 0-61.20Specialised physician 0-79.50Orthopaedic technician 0-61.30Specialised surgeon 0-79.90Other medical, dental, veterinary and 0-61.40Public health physician related workers 0-61.90 Other medical doctors 0-62 Medical Assistants 0-8Statisticians, Mathematicians, Systems Analysts and 0-62.10Medical assistant Related Technicians 0-63Dentists 0-81Statisticians 0-63.10Dentist, general 0-81.10Statistican, general 0-63.20Specialised dentist 0-81.20Mathematical statistician 0-63.30Public health dentist 0-81.30Statistician (applied statistics) 0-64 Dental Assistants 0-82 Mathematicians and Actuaries 0-64.20 Dental assistant 0-82.20Mathematician (pure mathematics) 0-64.30 School dental assistant 0-82.30Mathematician (applied mathematics) 0-64.40 Dental hygienist 0-82.40Operations research analyst 0-82.50Actuary 0-65Veterinarians 0-65.10Veterinarian (general) 0-83 Systems Analysts 0-65.20Public health veterinarian 0-83.10Systems analyst 0-65.90 Other veterinarians 0-84Statistical and Mathematical Technicians 0-66Veterinary Assistants 0-84.20Computer programmer 0-66.10Veterinary assistant 0-84.90Otherstatisticaland mathematical technicians 0-67 Pharmacists 0-67.10 Pharmacist 0-9Economists 0-68 Pharmaceutical Assistants 0-90 Economists 0-68.10Pharmaceutical assistant 0-90.10Economist (general) 0-90.20Economist (specialised) 0-69Dietitians and Public Health Nutritionists 0-90.30Market research analyst 0-69.10Dietitian (general) 0-69.20Public health nutritionist 0-69.90 Otherdietitiansandpublichealth 1-1Accountants nutritionists 1-10 Acco&wants 0-71 Professional Nurses 1-10.10Accountant (general) 0-71.10Professional nurse (general) 1-10.20Auditor 0-71.20Specialised nurse 1-10.90Other accountants 0-71.30Public health nurse 0-71.40Occupational health nurse 0-71.90 Other professional nurses 1-2Jurists 1-21 Lawyers 0-72 Nursing Personnel Not Elsewhere Classified 1-21.10Lawyer 0-72.10Auxiliary nurse 1-22 Judges 0-73 Professional Midwives 1-22.10Judge 0-73.10Professional midwife 1-29Jurists Not Elsewhere Classified 0-74 Midwifery Personnel Not Elsewhere Classified 1-29.10Jurist (except lawyer or judge) 0-74.10Auxiliary midwife 0-75Optometrists and Opticians 1-3Teachers 0-75.20Optometrist 0-75.30Dispensing optician 1-31University and Higher Education Teachers 1-31.20Teacher in physical sciences (third level) 0-76 Physiotherapists and Occupational Therapists 1-31.25Teacher in engineering and architecture 0-76.20Physiotherapist (third level) 0-76.30Occupational therapist 1-31.30Teacher in life and medical sciences 0-76.40Masseur (third level) 1-31.40Teacher in mathematics (third level) 0-77 Medical X-Ray Technicians 1-31.45Teacher in economics and commerce 0-77.10Medical X-ray technician (third level)

271 CLASSIFIED LIST

1-32 - 1-72

1-31.50Teacher in law (third level) 1-5Authors, Journalists and Related Writers 1-31.55Teacher in education (third level) 1-31.60 Teacher in agricultural science (third level) 1-51Authors and Critics 1-31.65Teacher in history, philosophy, sociology 1-51.20Author and related social sciences (third level) 1-51.30Critic 1-31.70Teacher in languages and literature (third level) 1-59Authors, Journalists and RelatedWriters Not 1-31.75Teacher in medical therapy, advanced Elsewhere Classified nursing and related arts 1-31.80 Teacher in industrial arts (third level) 1-59.15Journalist 1-31.90Other university and higher education 1-59.20Editor, newspapers and periodicals teachers 1-59.25Sub-editor, newspapers and periodicals 1-59.30Reporter 1-32Secondary Education Teachers 1-59.35Radio and television journalist 1-59.40Continuity and script editor 1.32.15Languages and literature teacher (second 1-59.45Book editor level) 1-59.50Advertising copywriter 1-32.20Mathematics teacher (second level) 1-59.55Public relations officer 1-32.30 Natural science teacher (second level) 1-59.60Publicity writer 1-32.40Social studies teacher (second level) 1-59.65Technical writer 1-32.50Fine arts teacher (second level) 1-59.90Other authors, journalists and related 1-32.60 Commercialandsecretarialteacher writers (second level) 1-32.70Agricultural science teacher (second level) 1-32.75 Domestic science and general nursing 1-6Sculptors, Painters, Photographers and Related teacher (second level) Creative Artists 1-32.80Technical educationteacher(second level) 1-61Sculptors, Painters and Related Artists 1-32.90 Other secondary education teachers 1-61.20Sculptor 1-61.30Painter, artist 1-33 Primary Education Teachers 1-61.40Cartoonist 1-33.20First-level education teacher 1-61.50Engraver and etcher (artistic) 1-33.90 Other primary education teachers 1-61.60Painting restorer 1-61.90Other sculptors,painters and related 1-34 Pre-Primary Education Teachers artists 1-34.20Kindergarten teacher 1-62Commercial Artists and Designers 1-34.90 Other pre-primary education teachers 1-62.20Commercial artist 1-62.30 1-35Special Education Teachers Interior decoration designer 1-62.40Industrialand commercialproducts 1-35.20 Teacher of the blind designer 1-35.30Teacher of the deaf 1-62.50Display artist 1-35.40 Teacher of the mentally handicapped 1-62.90Other commercial artistsand designers 1-35.90 Other special education teachers 1-63 Photographers and Cameramen 1-39Teachers Not Elsewhere Classified 1-63.10Photographer, general 1-39.20 Education methods adviser 1-63.20Portrait photographer 1-39.30Audio-visual and other teaching aid 1-63.30Photographer, commercial illustrator specialist 1-63A0 News photographer 1-39.40 Head teacher 1-63.50Director of photography (motion picture) 1-39.50School inspector 1-63.60Motion picture camera operator 1-39.90 Other teachers 1-63.70Television camera operator 1-63.90Other photographers and cameramen 1-4 Workers in Religion 1-7 Composers and Performing Artists 1-41Ministers of Religion and Related Members of Religious Orders 1-71Composers, Musicians and Singers 1-71.20Composer 1-41.20Minister of religion 1-71.30Orchestrator 1-41.30Missionary 1-71.35Orchestra and band conductor 141.40 Religious worker (member of religious 1-71.40Instrumentalist order) 1-71.45Singer 1-41.90Other ministers of religion and related 1-71.50Vocal group conductor members of religious orders 1-71.90Other composers, musicians and singers 1-49Workers in Religion Not Elsewhere Classified 1-72Choreographers and Dancers 1-49.20Faith healer 1-72.20Choreographer 149.90 Other workers in religion 1-72.30Dancer

272 CLASSIFIED LIST

1-73 - 2-19

Art gallery and museum curator 1-73Actors and Stage Directors 1-91.40 1-91.90Other librarians, archivists and curators 1-73.20Actor 1-73.30Stage director 1-92Sociologists, Anthropologists and Related Scientists 1-73.40Motion picture,radio and television director 1-92.20Sociologist 1-73.50Story-teller 1-92.30Psychologist 1-73.90Other actors and stage directors 1-92A0Anthropologist 1 -92.50Geographer 1-74Producers, Performing Arts 1-92.60Historian 1-74.20Theatrical producer 1-92.70Political scientist 1-74.30Motion picture producer 1-92.90Other sociologists, anthropologists and 1-74.40Radio and television producer related scientists 1-74.90Other producers, performing arts 1-93Social Workers 1-75Ci :cus Performers 1-93.10Social worker, general 1-75.20 Clown 1-93.20Social welfare worker 1-75.30Magician 1-93.30Culture centre worker 1-75.40 Acrobat 1-93.40Social worker, delinquency 1-75.50Aerialist 1-93.50Psychiatric social worker 1-75.90 Other circus performers 1-93.90Other social workers 1-79Performing Artists Not Elsewhere Classified 1-94Personnel and Occupational Specialists 1-79.20Radio and television announcer 1-79.30 Compere 1-94.20Personnel specialist 1-79.90 Other performing artists 1-94.30Vocational guidance counsellor 1-94.40Occupational analyst 1-94.90Otherpersonnelandoccupational 1-8Athletes, Sportsmen and Related Workers specialists 1-80Athletes, Sportsmen and Related Workers 1-95Philologists, Translators and Interpreters 1-80.20Professional sportsman 1-80.30Sports coach 1-95.20Philologist 1-80.40 Sports official 1-95.30Translator 1-80.50Physical trainer 1-95.40Interpreter 1-80.90 Other athletes, sportsmen andrelated workers 1-99Other Professional, Technical and Related Workers 1-99.20 Patent agent Professional, Technical and Related Workers Not 1-99.30 Home economist 1-9 1-99.40 Advertising account executive Elsewhere Classified 1-99.50 Underwriter Librarians, Archivists and Curators 1-99.60Astrologer and fortune teller 1-91 related 1-91.20 Librarian 1-99.90 Other professional, technical and 1-91.30 Archivist workers not elsewhere classified

MAJOR GROUP 2

ADMINISTRATIVE AND MANAGERIALWORKERS

Production Managers (except Farm) 2-0Legislative Officials and Government Administrators2-12 2-12.10 Production manager (except farm)

2-01Legislative Officials 2-19Managers Not Elsewhere Classified 2-01.10 Legislative official 2-19.20 Research and development manager 2-19.30 Sales manager (except wholesale and retail 2-02Government Administrators trade) 2-19.40 Administration manager 2-02.10 Government administrator 2-19.50 Budgeting and accounting manager 2-19.60 Transport operations manager 2-19.70 Operations manager (postal or telecom- 2-1Managers munications services) 2-19.80 Industrial relations and personnel man- 2-11General Managers ager 2-11.10 General manager 2-19.90 Other managers

273 CLASSIFIED LIST

3-00 - 3-91

MAJOR GROUP 3

CLERICAL AND RELATED WORKERS

3-0Clerical Supervisors 3-5 Transport and Communications Supervisors 3-00Clerical Supervisors 3-51Railway Station Masters 3-00.10Clerical supervisor (general) 3-51.10Railway station master 3-00.90 Other clerical supervisors 3-52 Postmasters 3-52.10Postmaster 3-1 Government Executive Officials 3-59Transport and Communications Supervisors Not 3-10Government Executive Officials Elsewhere Classified 3-10.10 Government executive official 3-59.20 Railway service supervisor 3-59.25Train dispatcher 3-2Stenographers, Typists and Card- and Tape-Punching 3-59.30Railway transport service inspector Machine Operators 3-59.35Railway goods agent 3-59.40 Road transport sect-vice supervisor 3-21Stenographers, Typists and Teletypists 3-59.45 Road passenger transport service 3-21.10Stenographer-typist (general) inspector 3-21.20Stenographic secretary 3 -59.30Air transport service supervisor 3-21.30 Verbatim reporter 3-59.60Air traffic controller 3-21.40Typist 3-59.70Flight operations officer 3-21.50Teletypist 3-59.75 Telecommunications service supervisor 3-21.90 Other stenographers, typists and tele- 3-59.80Postal services supervisor typists 3-59.90 Other transport and communications supervisors 3-22Card- and Tape-Punching Machine Operators 3-22.20 Card-andtape-punching machine 3-6Transport Conductors operator 3-22.90 Other card- and tape-punching operators 3-60Transport Conductors 3-60.20 Railway passenger train guard 3-3Bookkeepers, Cashiers and Related Workers 3-60.30Sleeping- or pullman-car attendant 3-60.40 Bus conductor 3-31Bookkeepers and Cashiers 3-60.90 Other transport conductors 3-31.10Bookkeeper (general) 3-31.20Bookkeeping clerk 3-7 Mail Distribution Clerks 3-31.30Office cashier 3-31.40Bank teller 3-70 Mail Distribution Clerks 3-31.50Money changer 3-70.20Mail sorting clerk 3-31.60Cash desk cashier 3-70.30 Postman 3-31.70Post office counter clerk 3-70.40Messenger 3-31.90Other bookkeepers and cashiers 3-70.90 Other mail distribution clerks 3-39 Bookkeepers, Cashiers and Related Workers Not Elsewhere Classified 3-8Telephone and Telegraph Operators 3-39.20 Cost computing clerk 3-80Telephone and Telegraph Operators 3-39.30 Wages clerk 3-80.20 Telephone switchboard operator 3-39.40 Finance clerk 3-80.30Radio-telephone operator (land-based) 3-39.90 Other bookkeepers, cashiers and related 3-80.40 Telegrapher workers 3-80.50Ship's radio officer 3-80.60Flight radio operator 3-4 Computing Machine Operators 3-80.90 Other telephone and telegraph operators 341 Bookkeeping and Calculating Machine Operators 3-9Clerical andRelated Workers Not Elsewhere 3-41.20 Bookkeeping machine operator Classified 3-41.30Calculating machine operator 3-91Stock Clerks 342 Automatic Data-Processing Machine Operators 3-91.20 Dispatching and receiving clerk 3-42.20Electronic computer operator 3-91.30Stock records clerk 3-42.30 Punched-card machine operator 3-91.40 Storeroom clerk 3-42.90 Other automatic data-processing machine 3-91.50 Weighing clerk operators 3-91.90 Other stock clerks

274 CLASSIFIED LIST

3-92 - 4-90

3-92 Material and Production PlanningClerks 3-94.30 Doctor's or dentist's receptionist 3-94.40Travel agency clerk 3-92.20Material planning clerk 3-94.90 Other receptionists and travelagency 3-92.30 Production planning clerk clerks 3-93Correspondence and Reporting Clerks 3-95 Library and Filing Clerks Office clerk (general) 3-93.10 3-95.20Library clerk 3-93.20 Correspondences lerk 3-95.30Filing clerk 3-93.30Personnel clerk 3-93.40 Legal clerk Clerks Not Elsewhere Classified 3-93.50 Insurance clerk 3-99 3-93.90 Other correspondence andreporting 3-99.20Statistical clerk clerks 3-99.30Coding clerk (data-processing) 3-99.40 Proof reader 3-94Receptionists and Travel Agency Clerks 3-99.50Office machine operator (reproduction 3-94.10 Receptionist (general) processes) 3-94.20 Hotel receptionist 3-99.90 Other clerks

MAJOR GROUP 4

SALES WORKERS

Business 4-0 Managers (Wholesale and RetailTrade) 4-4Insurance, Real Estate, Securities and Services Salesmen and Auctioneers

4-00 Managers (Wholesale and RetailTrade) 4-41Insurance, Real Estate and SecuritiesSalesmen 4-00.20Manager, wholesale trade 441.20 Insurance salesman 4-00.30 Manager, retail trade 4-41.30 Real estate salesman 4-41.40Securities salesman 4-41.90 Other insurance, real estate andsecurities salesmen 4-1 Working Proprietors (Wholesaleand Retail Trade) 4-42 Business Services Salesmen 4-10Working Proprietors (Wholesale andRetail Trade) 4-42.20 Businessservicessalesman (except 4-10.20 Working proprietor (wholesaletrade) advertising) 4-10.30 Working proprietor (retail trade) 4-42.30 Advertising salesman 4-43Auctioneers 4-43.20 Auctioneer 4-2Sales Supervisors and Buyers 4-43.30 Appraiser

4-21Sales Supervisors 4-5Salesmen, Shop Assistants and RelatedWorkers Sales supervisor (wholesale trade) 4-21.20 Salesmen, Shop Assistants and Demonstrators 4-21.30Sales supervisor (retail trade) 4-51 4-21.90Other sales supervisors 4-51.20 Wholesale trade salesman 4-51.30Retail trade salesman 4-51.40 Fashion model 4-22 Buyers 4-51.50 Demonstrator 4-22.20 Buyer 4-51.90Other salesmen, shop assistants and 4-22.30Purchasing agent demonstrators 4-52Street Vendors, Canvassers and Newsvendors 4-3 Technical Salesmen, CommercialTravellers and 4-52.20Street vendor Manufacturers' Agents 4-52.30Canvasser 4-52.40 Newsvendor 4-52.90 Other street vendors, canvassersand 4-31Technical Salesmen and Service Advisers newsvendors 4-31.20Technical salesman 4-31.30Technical service adviser 4-9Sales Workers Not Elsewhere Classified

4-32Commercial Travellers and Manufacturers'Agents 4-90Sales Workers Not Elsewhere Classified 4-90.20 Pawnbroker 4-3220 Commercial traveller 4-90.90 Other sales workers 4-32.30Manufacturers' agent 275 CLASSIFIED LIST

5-00 - 5-81

MAJOR GROUP 5

SERVICE WORKERS

5-0 Managers (Catering and Lodging Services) 5-40.50 Chambermaid 5-40.55Hotel concierge 5-00 Managers (Catering and Lodging Services) 5-40.60Ship's steward 5-00.20Hotel and restaurant manager 5-40.70 Wardrobe mistress (stage and studio) 5-00.30Restaurant manager 5-40.90 Other maids and related housekeeping 5-00.40Ship's purser service workers 5-00.90Other managers (catering and lodging services) 5-5Building Caretakers, Charworkers, Cleaners and Related Workers 5-1Working Proprietors (Catering and Lodging Services) 5-51Building Caretakers 5-10WorkingProprietors(Cateringand Lodging Services) 5-51.20Concierge (apartment house) 5-51.30Janitor 5-10.20 Working proprietor (hotel and restaurant) Verger 5-10.30 Working proprietor (restaurant) 5-51.40 5-51.`;10Other building caretakers 5-10.40 Working proprietor (guest house) 5-10.50 Working proprietor (café, bar and snack 5-52Charworkers, Cleaners and Related Workers bar) 5-52.20 Charworker 5-10.90Other working proprietors (catering and 5-52.30 Window cleaner lodging services) 5-52.40 Chimney sweep 5-52.90 Other charworkers, cleaners and related 5-2Housekeeping and Related Service Supervisors workers 5-20 Housekeeping and Related Service Supervisors 5-20.20 Housekeeper (except private service) 5-6Launderers, Dry-Cleaners and Pressers 5-20.30 Housekeeper (private service) 5-60 Launderers, Dry-Cleaners and Pressers 5-20.40 House steward 5-20.50Chief steward (ship) 5-60.10Launderer (general) 5-20.60Housekeeping matron 5-60.20 Laundering-machine operator 5-20.90Other housekeeping and related service 5-60.30Dry-cleaning machine operator supervisors 5-60.40 Dry-cleaner (hand) 5-60.50Spotter (dry-cleaner) 5-60.60 Laundry pressing-machine operator 5-3Cooks, Waiters, Bartenders and Related Workers 5-60.70Presser (hand) 5-60.90 Otherlaunderers,dry-cleaners and 5-31Cooks pressers 5-31.20 Head cook 5-31.30 Cook, except private service 5-31.40 Cook, private service 5-7Hairdressers,Barbers,Beauticians and Related 5-31.50Ship's cook Workers 5-31.90 Other cooks 5-70Hairdressers, Barbers, Beauticians and Related 5-32Waiters, Bartenders and Related Workers Workers 5-32.10Waiter, general 5-70.20 Women's hairdresser 5-32.20 Head waiter 5-70.30Barber-hairdresser 5-32.30Waiter, formal service 5-70.40Beautician 5-32.40 Wine waiter 5-70.50Manicurist 5-32.50 Bartender 5-70.60 Make-up man (stage and studio) 5-32.90 Other waiters, bartenders and related 5-70.70 Bath attendant workers 5-70.90 Other barbers, hairdressers, beauticians and related workers 5-4Maids and Related HousCteeping Service Workers Not Elsewhere L:assified 5-8Protective Service Workers 540 Maids and Related Housekeeping Service Workers 5-81Fire-Fighters Not Elsewhere Classified 5-81.10Fire-fighter (general) 5-40.20 Housemaid 5-81.20Fire-prevention specialist 5-40.30 Personal maid; valet 5-81.30Fire-salvage specialist 5-40.35 Nursemaid 5-81.40Aircraft accident fire-fighter 5-40.40 Companion 5-81.90 Other fire-fighters

276 CLASSIFIED LIST

5-82 - 6-29

5-82Policemen and Detectives 5-91.30Sightseeing guide 5-82.20 roliceman 5-91.90 Other guides 5-82.30 Detective 5-92Undertakers and Embalmers 5-82.40Private police guard 5-92.20 Undertaker 5-92.30 Embalmer 5-89Protective Service Workers Not Elsewhere Classified 5-92.90 Other undertakers and embalmers 5-89.20Private inquiry agent 5-99Other Service Workers 5-89.30 Prison guard 5-99.20 Bookmaker (sport) 5-89.40 Watchman 5-99.30 Croupier 5-89.90 Other protective service workers 5-99.40 Nursing aid 5-99.50Practical aid (pharmacy) 5-9Service Workers Not Elsewhere Classified 5-99.60Practical aid (veterinary) 5-99.70Aircraft cabin attendant 5-91Guides 5-99.90 Other service workers notelsewhere 5-91.20 Travel guide classified

MAJOR GROUP 6

AGRICULTURAL ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND FORESTRYWORKERS, FISHERMEN AND HUNTERS

6-0 Farm Managers and Supervisors 6-23.40 Tea plantation worker 6-23.50 Rubber plantation worker 6-00Farm Managers and Supervisors 6-23.90 Other orchard, vineyard and related tree 6-00.20 Farm manager and shrub crop workers 6-00.30 Farm supervisor 6-24 Livestock Workers 6-24.10Livestock worker (general) 6-1Farmers 6-24.20Beef cattle farm worker Sheep farm worker General Farmers 6-24.30 6-11 6-24.40Pig farm worker 6-11.10General fanner 6-24.50Fur-bearing animal farm worker 6-24.90Other livestock workers 6-12Specialised Farmers 6-12.20Field crop farmer 6-25Dairy Farm Workers 6-12.30Orchard, vineyard and related tree and 6-25.10 Dairy farm worker (general) shrub crop farmer 6-25.20Milker (machine) 6-12.40Livestock farmer 6-25.90Other dairy farm workers 6-12.50 Dairy farmer 6-12.60Poultry farmer 6-26 Poultry Farm Workers 6-12.70Horticultural farmer 6-26.10Poultry farm worker (general) 6-12.90Other specialised farmers 6-26.20Poultry hatchery worker 6-26.90Other poultry farm workers Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Workers 6-2 6-27Nursery Workers and Gardeners 6-21General Farm Workers 6-27.20Market garden worker 6-21.05 Farm worker (general) 6-27.30Nursery worker 6-21.10 Farm helper (general) 6-27.40Gardener 6-27.90Other nursery workers and gardeners 6-22Field Crop and Vegetable Farm Workers 6-28Farm Machinery Operators 6-22.10Field crop farm worker (general) 6-22.20Vegetable farm worker 6-28.20Motorised farm equipment operator 6-22.30 Wheat farm worker 6-28.90Other farm machinery operators 6-22.40Cotton farm worker Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Workers Not Rice farm worker 6-29 6-22.50 Elsewhere Classified 6-22.60Sugar-cane farm worker 6-22.90Other field crop and vegetablefarm 6-29.20Apiary worker workers 6-29.30Sericulture worker 6-29.40Tree tapper (except rubber) 6-23Orchard, Vineyard and Related Tree and Shrub 6-29.50Irrigator Crop Workers 6-29.60 Groundsman 6-23.20Orchard worker 6-29.90Other agricultural and animal husbandry 6-23.30Vineyard worker workers

277 CLASSIFIED LIST

6-31- 7-21

6-3Forestry Workers 6-4Fishermen, Hunters and Related Workers 6-31Loggers 6-41Fishermen 6-31.10 Logger (general) 6-41.20 Deep-sea fisherman 6-31.20 Tree feller and bucker 6-41.30 Inland and coastal waters fisherman 6-31.30 High climber (logging) 6-31.40River driver 6-49Fishermen, Hunters and Related Workers Not 6-31.90Other loggers Elsewhere Classified 6-32Forestry Workers (except Logging) 6-49.20 Fish farm worker 6-49.30 Oyster farm worker 6-32.20Forest supervisor 6-49.40 Whale hunter 6-32.30Forestry worker 6-49.50 Seal hunter 6-32.40 Timber cruiser 6-49.60 Trapper and hunter 6-32.50Forest fire-fighter 6-49.90 Other fishermen, hunters and related 6-32.90Other forestry workers workers

MAJOR GROUP 7/8/9

PRODUCTION AND RELATED WORKERS,TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT OPERATORS AND LABOURERS

7-0 Production Supervisors and General Foremen 7-11.40Continuous-mining-machine operator 7-00Production Supervisors and General Foremen 7-11.50Shot-firer (mine and quarry) 7-11.60 Underground timberman 7-00.10Production supervisor and general fore- 7-11.70 Sampler (mine) man (general) 7 -12.90 Other miners and quarrymen 7-00.20Supervisor and general foreman, mining, quarrying and well drilling 7-12 7-00.30Supervisor and general foreman, metal Mineral and Stone Treaters processing 7-12.20Stone splitter 7-00.40Supervisor and general foreman, chemical 7-12.30Mineral-crushing-machine operator and related materials processing 742.40Mineral-milling-machine operator 7-00.50Supervisor and general foreman,manu- 7-12.50Jig tender facturing of machinery and metal 7-12.60Floatation man products 7-12.70Precipitator 7-00.55Supervisor and general foreman,manu- 7-12.80Cone operator (mine) facturing and installation of electrical 7-12.90Other mineral and stone treaters and electronic equipment 7-00.60Supervisor and general foreman, fabrica- 7-13Well Drillers, Borers and Related Workers tion of products of paper, plastics, 7-13.20Derricicman (oil and gas wells) rubber, chemical and synthetic 7-13.30Rotary driller (oil and gas wells) materials 7-13.40Cable driller (oil and gas wells) 7-00.65Supervisor and general foreman, food 7-13.50 Cementer (oil and gas wells) and beverages processing 7-13.60Well puller (oil and gas wells) 7-00.70Supervisor and general foreman, produc- 7-13.70Acidiser (oil and gas wells) tion of textiles and clothingmanu- 7-13.80Well driller and borer (except oil andgas facturing wells) 7-00.75Supervisor and general foreman, construc- 7-13.90Other well drillers, borers and related tion work workers 7-00.80Supervisor and general foreman, production and distribution of electricity,gas and water 7-2Metal Processers 7-00.90Other production supervisors and general foremen 7-21Metal Smelting, Converting and RefiningFurnace- men 7-1Miners, Quarrymen, Well Drillers andRelated 7-21.20Blast furnaceman (ore smelting) Workers 7-21.30Open-hearth furnaceman (steel) 7-11Miners and Quarrymen 7-21.40Oxygen furnaceman (steel converting) 7-21.50Bessemer furnaceman (steel converting) 7-11.05Miner (general) 7-21.60Electric arc furnamman (steel refining) 7-11.10 Quarryman (general) 7-21.70Furnaceman (non-ferrous metal convert- 7-11.20Cutting-machine operator (mine) ing and refining) 7-11.30Drilling-machine operator (mine and 7-21.90Other metal smelting, converting and quarry) refining fur nacemen

278 CLASSIFIED LIST

7-22 - 7-44

7-22Metal Rolling-Mill Workers 7-32Sawyers, Plywood Makers and Related Wood- 7-22.20Hot-roller (steel) Processing Workers 7-22.30Continuous-mill roller (steel) 7-32.10Sawmill sawyer (general) 7-22.40Cold-roller (steel) 7-32.20Edge sawyer 7-22.50Roller (non-ferrous metals) 7-32.30Band-saw operator 7-22.60Seamless pipe and tube roller 7-32.40Veneer cutter 7-22.70Manipulator (rolling mill) 7-32.50Plywood core-laying-machine operator 7-22.90Other metal rolling-mill workers 7-32.60Plywood press operator 7-32.70 Wood grader 7-23Metal Melters and Reheaters 7-32.90Other sawyers, plywood makers and 7-23.20Furnaceman (metal melting, except cup- related wood-processing workers ola) 7-23.30Cupola furnaceman 7-33Paper Pulp Preparers 7-23.40Furnaceman (metal reheating) 7-33.20Wood grinder 7-23.90Other metal melters and reheaters 7-33.30Chipperman 7-33.40Digester operator 7-24Metal Casters 7-33.50Bleacher operator 7-24.20Metal pourer 7-33.60Beater operator 7-24.30Centrifugal casting-machine operator 7-33.90Other paper pulp preparers 7-24.40Die-casting-machine operator 7-24.50Continuous rod-casting-machineoper- 7-34Paper Makers ator (non-ferrous metal) 7-34.20Paper-making-machineoperator(wet 7-24.90Other metal casters end) 7-34.30Paper-making-machineoperator (back 7-25Metal Moulders and Coremakers end) 7-25.20Bench moulder (metal) 7-34.40Supercalender operator 7-25.30Floor and pit moulder 7-34.50Coating-machine operato 7-25.40Moulder (machine) 7-34.60Paper maker (hand) 7-25.50Coremaker (hand) 7-34.90Other paper makers 7-25.60Coremaker (machine) 7-25.90Other metal moulders and coremaktrs 7-4Chemical Processers and Related Workers 7-26Metal Annealers, Temperers and Case-Hardeners 7-26.20Annealer 741Crushers, Grinders and Mixers 7-26.30Hardener 7-41.20Crusher operator (chemical and related 7-26.40Casotardener processes) 7-26.50Temperer 7-41.30Miller-grinder(chemicalandrelated 7-26.90Other metal annealers, temperers and processes) case-hardeners 7-41.40Mixing- and blending-machine operator (chemical and related processes) 7-27Metal Drizwers and Extruders 7-41.90Other crushers, grinders and mixers 7-27.20Wire drawer (hand) 7-27.30Wire drawer (machine) 7-42Cookers, Roasters and Related Heat-Treaters 7-27.40Seamless pipe and tube drawer 7-42.20Cooker (chemical and related processes) 7-27.50Extruder operator (metal) 7-42.30Roaster (chemical and related processes) 7-27.90Other metal drawers and extruders 7-42.40Drier operator (chemical and related processes) 7-28Metal Platers and Coaters 7-42.90Other cookers, roasters and related heat- 7-28.20Electroplater treaters 7-28.30Hot-dip plater 7-28.40Wire-coating-machine operator 7-43Filter and Separator Operators 7-28.50Metal sprayer 7-43.20Filter-press operator 7-28.90Other metal platers and coaters 7-43.30Rotary-drum filterer 7-43.40Centrifugal separator operator 7-29Metal Processers Not Elsewhere Classified 7-43.50Crude oil treater (oilfield) 7-29.20Metal bluer 7-43.90Other filter and separator operators 7-29.30Casting finisher 7-29.40Metal cleaner 7-44Still and Reactor Operators 7-29.90Other metal processers 7-44.20Batch-still operator (chemical processes, except petroleum) 7-44.30Continuous-still operator (chemical pro- 7-3 Wood Preparation Workers and Paper Makers cesses, except petroleum) 7-44.40Reactor-converteroperator(chemical 7-31Wood Treaters processes, except petroleum) 7-31.20Wood-seasoning worker 7-44.50Evaporator operator 7-31.30Wood-treating worker 7-44.60Extractor operator (wood distillation) 7-31.90Other wood treaters 7-44.90Other still and reactor operators

279 CLASSIFIED LIST

7-45 - 7-72

7-45Petroleum-Refining Workers 7-55Knitters 7-45.20 Desulphurisation treater (petroleumre- 7-55.20Knitting-machine operator (garment) fining) 7-55.30Knitting-machine operator (hosiery) 7-45.30 Pumpman (petroleum refining) 7-55.40Knitter (hand-operated machine) 7-45.40Stillman (petroleum refining) 7-55.50Hand knitter 7-45.50 Controlman (petroleum refining) 7-55.90Other knitters 7-45.60 Blender (petroleum refining) 7-45.70Paraffin plant operator 7-56Bleachers, Dyers and Textile Product Finishers 7-45.90Other petroleum-refining workers 7-56.15Textile bleacher 7-56.20 Yam dyer 7-49Chemical Processers and Related Workers Not 7-56.25Fabric dyer Elsewhere Classified 7-56.30 Garment dyer 7-49.15Chemical bleacher operator 7-56.35Textile washer 7-49.20 Coke burner 7-56.40Silk degummer 7-49.25Coal-gas maker 7-56.45 Wool carboniser 7-49.30Charcoal burner 7-56.50Textile shrinker 7-49.35Synthetic fibre maker 7-56.55Textile fuller 7-49.40 Chemical processer (radioactive materials) 7-56.60Textile waterproofer 7-49.90 Other chemical processers and related 7-56.65Silk weighter workers 7-56.70Textile calender operator 7-56.90 Other bleachers, dyers and textile product finishers 7-5Spinners, Weavers, Knitters, Dyers and Related Workers 7-59 Spinners, Weavers, Knitters, Dyers and Related Workers Not Elsewhere Classified 7-51Fibre Preparers 7-59.20 Braid maker (hand) 7-51.15Fibre grader and classer 7-59.25Braid maker (machine) 7-51.20Wool scourer 7-59.30Crocheter (hand) 7-51.25Fibre mixer and blender 7-59.35Crocheter (machine) 7-51.30Fibre picker 7-59.40 Net maker (hand) 7-51.35Fibre carder 7-59.45Fur fibre mixer (machine) 7-51.40Fibre lapper 7-59.50Felt hood former 7-51.45Fibre comber 7-59.90Other spinners, weavers, knitters, dyers 7-51.50Fibre drawer and related workers 7-51.55Fibre rover 7-51.90Other fibre preparers 7-6Tanners, Feilmongers and Pelt Dressers 7-52Spinners and Winders 7-52.20Spinner, thread and yarn 7-61Tanners and Fellmongers 7-52.30 Doubler 7-61.20Hide and skin grader 7-52.40Twister 7-61.25Fellmonger 7-52.50 Winder 7-61.30Hide flesher and dehairer (hand) 7-52.90 Other spinners and winders 7-61.35Hide flesher and dehairer (machine) 7-61.40Hide splitter 7-53Weaving- and Knitting-Machine Setters and Pattern- 7-61.45Tanner Card Preparers 7-61.50Leather currier 7-53.20 Loom fixer 7-61.55Leather dyer and stainer 7-53.30Knitting-machine setter 7-61.90Other tanners and fellmongers 7-53.40 Jacquard design copyist 7-62 Pelt Dressers 7-53.50 Jacquard card cutter 7-53.90Other weaving- and knitting-machine 7-62.20Pelt grader setters and pattern-card preparers 7-62.30Pelt flesher 7-62.40Pelt plucker and trimmer 7-54Weavers and Related Workers 7-62.50Pelt dyer (hand) 7-54.15 Beam warper 7-62.60Pelt stretcher 7-54.20 Loom threader (hand) 7-62.90Other pelt dressers 7-54.25 Loom threader (machine) 7-54.30Cloth weaver (hand) 7-7 Food and Beverage Processers 7-54.35Tapestry maker (hand) 7-54.40Cloth weaver (machine, except Jacquard 7-71Grain Millers and Related Workers loom) 7-71.20Grain miller 7-54.45Jacquard weaver 7-71.30Rice miller 7-54.50Lace weaver (machine) 7-71.40' Spice miller 7-54.55Carpet weaver (hand) 7-71.90Other grain millers and related workers 7-54.60Carpet weaver (machine) 7-54.65 Net maker (machine) 7-72 Sugar Processers and Refiners 7-54.70Fabrics examiner 7-72.20Sugar-cane grinder 7-54.75Fabrics repairer 7-72.30Diffuser operator (beet sugar) 7-54.90Other weavers and related workers 7-72.40Carbonation man (sugar refining)

280 CLASSIFIED LIST

7-73 - 7-95

7-72.50Crystalliser operator (sugar refining) 7-8Tobacco Preparers and Tobacco Product Makers 7-72.60Continuous sugar-refining-machine operator 7-81Tobacco Preparers 7-72.90 Othersugar processers and refiners 7-81.20 Tobacco grader 7-81.30Tobacco blender 7-73 Butchers and Meat Preparers 7-81.40 Tobacco conditioner operator 7-73.10 Butcher, general 7-81.50 Tobacco stripper (hand) 7-73.20Slaughterer 7-81.60Tobacco stripper (machine) 7 -73.30 Meat cutter 7-81.70Tobacco-cutting-machine operator 7-73.40Sausage maker 7-81.90Other tobacco preparers 7-73.90 Other butchers and meat preparers 7.82Cigar Makers 7-74 Food Preservers 7-82.20Cigar maker (hand) 7-74.10Preserving cook, general 7-82.30Cigar maker (machine) 7-74.15Fish-preserving cook 7-82.90Other cigar makers 7-74.20Sterilising cook 7-83Cigarette Makers 7-74.30Foodstuffs freezer 7-74.40Foodstuffs dehydrator 7-83.20Cigarette malcer (machine) 7-74.50Pickier, food 7-83.90Other cigarette makers 7-74.60Meat and fish smoker 7-74.90Other food preservers 7-89Tobacco Preparers and Tobacco Product Makers Not Elsewhere Classified 7-75Dairy Product Processers 7-89.20Snuff maker 7-75.10 Dairy product processer (general) 7-89.90Other tobacco preparers and tobacco 7-75.20 Dairy product pasteuriser products malcers 7-75.30 Butter maker 7-75.40Cheese maker 7-9Tailors, Dressmakers, Sewers, Upholsterers and 7-75.50 Ice-cream maker Related Workers 7-75.90Other dairy product processers 7-91Tailors and Dressmakers 7-76 Bakers, Pastrycooks and Confectionery Makers 7-91.20Tailor (made-to-measure garments) 7-76.10Baker, general 7-91.30Tailor (ready-to-wear garments) 7-76.20 Bread baker 7-91.40 Dressmaker 7-76.30Pastry maker 7-91.90Other tailors and dressmakers 7-76.40Macaroni maker 7-76.50Chocolate maker 7-92Fur Tailors and Related Workers 7-76.60Confectionery maker 7-92.20 Fur tailor 7-76.90 Other bakers, pastrycooks and con- 7-92.30Fur patternmaker fectionery makers 7-92.40 Fur grader and matcher 7-92.50 Fur cutter 7-77Tea, Coffee and Cocoa Preparers 7-92.60Fur nailer 7-77.20Coffee and tea taster 7-92.90Other fur tailors and related workers 7-77.30Coffee blender 7-77.40 Tea blender 7-93Milliners and Hatmakers 7-77.50Coffee roaster 7-93.20Milliner 7-77.60Cocea-bean roaster 7-93.30Hat-blocking-machine operator 7-77.90Other t ;a, coffee and cocoa preparers 7-93.90Other milliners and hatmakers 7-78 Brewers, Wine and Beverage Makers 7-94 Patternmakers and Cutters 7-78.20Germination worker (malting) 7-94.20Garment patternmaker 7-78.25Kilnman (malting) 7-94.30Hat and cap patternmaker 7-78.30Malt cooker 7-94.40Garment marker 7-78.35Fermenting-room man 7-94.50Garment cutter, except 1 eather 7-78.40Yeast maker 7-94.60Leather garment cutter 7-78.50 Wine worker 7-94.70Glove cutter, except leather 7-78.60 Wine and liquor taster 7-94.80Leather glove cutter 7-78.70Vinegar maker 7-94.90Other pattemmalcers and cutters 7-78.80Fruit-press operator 7-78.90Other brewers, wine and beverage makers 7-95 Sewers and Embroiderers 7-95.10 Hand and machine sewer (general) 7-79 Food and Beverage Processers Not Elsewhere 7-95.20 Garment hand sewer (except leather and Classified fur) 7-79.20Oil pressman (edible oils) 7-95.30Leather garment hand sewer 7-79.25Refining-machineoperator(oilsand 7-95.40 Fur hand sewer fats) 7-95.50Sewing-machine operator 7-79.30Hydrogenation operator (oils and fats) 7-95.60 Hand embroiderer 7-79.40Fish butcher 7-95.70Machine embroiderer 7-79.90Other food and beverage processers 7-95.90Other sewers and embroiderers

281 CLASSIFIED LIST

7-96 - 8-34

7-96 Upholsterers and Related Workers 8-19.30 Cooper 7-96.20 Furniture upholsterer 8-19.35 Wooden patternmaker 7-96.30 Vehicle upholsterer 8-19.40 Wooden model maker 7-96.40Mattress maker 8-19.45 Wood carver 7-96.90 Other upholsterers andrelated workers 8-19.50 Veneer applier 7-99 8-19.55 Wooden furniture finisher Tailors, Dressmakers, Sewers,Upholsterers and 8-19.60 Related Workers Not Elsewhere Smoking-pipe maker Classified 8.19.65Marquetry inlayer 7-99.20 Sail, tent and awning maker 8-19.90Other cabinetmakers andrelated wood- 7-99.30 Umbrella maker workers 7-99.90 Other tailors, dressmakers,sewers, upholsterers and related workers 8-2Stone Cutters and Carvers 8-0 Shoemakers and LeatherGoods Makers 8-20Stone Cutters and Carvers 8-01Shoemakers and Shoe Repairers 8-20.20Stone cutter and finisher 8-20.30Stone grader 8-01.10 Shoemaker (general) 8-20.40Stonework layout man 8-01.20 Orthopaedic footwear maker 8-20.50Stone lathe operator 8-01.30 Shoe repairer 8-20.60Stone letter cutter (hand) 8-01.90 Other shoemakers andshoe repairers 8-20.70Stone carver (hand) 8-20.80 8-02 Shoe Cutters, Lasters,Sewers and Related Workers Monument carver-setter 8-20.90Other stone cutters and 8-02.15Shoe patternmaker carvers 8-02.20Clicker cutter (machine) 8-02.25Shoe cutter (hand) 8-3Blacksmiths, Toolmakers and MachineTool 8-02.30 Upperspreparer Operators 8-02.35Sole pressman 8-02.40Sole fitter 8 -31Blacksmiths,lfammersmiths and Forging-Press 8-02.45Laster Operators 8-02.50 Shoe sewer (machine) 8-31.10Blacksmith (general) 8-02.55 Shoe finisher 8-31.20Hanunersmith 8-02.90 Other shoe cutters,lasters, sewers and 8-31.30 Drop-hammer operator related workers 8-31.40Forging-press operator 8-31.90Other blacksmiths, hammersmithsand 8-03 Leather Goods Makers forging-press operators 8-03.10Leather goods maker (general) 8-03.20Saddler and harness maker 8-32Toolmakers, Metal Pattern Makersand Metal 8-03.30Leather cutter Markers 8-03.40Leather sewer (hand) 8-32.20 Tool and die maker 8-03.50Leather sewer (machine) 8-32.30Jig and gauge maker 8-03.60Leather goods assembler 8-32.40Metal pattern maker (foundry) 8-03.90Other leather goods makers 8-32.50Metal marker 8-32.90Other toolmakers, metal pattemmakers and metal markers 8-1Cabinetmakers and Related Woodworkers 8-33 Machine-Tool Setter-Operators 8-11Cabinetmakers 8-33.05 8-11.20Cabinetmaker Metalworking-machine setter (general) 8-33.10Metalworking-machine setter-operator 8-11.90Other cabinetmakers (general) 8-12Woodworking-Machine Operators 8-33.20 Lathe setter-operator 8-33.30Milling-machine setter-operator 8-12.05 Woodworking-machinesetter (general) 8-33.40 Planing-machine 8-12.08 Woodworking-machine setter-operator operator (general) 8-33.50 Boring-machinesetter-operator 8-12.10 Woodworking-machinesetter-operator 8-33.60 Drilling-machine (general) setter-operator 8-33.70Precision-grinding-machinesetter-oper- 8-12.20Precision sawyer ator 8-12.30 Wood turner 8-33.80 Honing-machine 8-12.40 Wood-lathe setter-operator setter-operator 8-33.85 Numerical-control-machinesetter-oper- 8-12.50 Wood-shaping-machinesetter-operator ator 8-12.60 Wood-routing-machine setter-operator 8-33.90 Other machine-toolsetter-operators 8-12.70 Wood-planing-machinesetter-operator 8-12.80 Wood-spindle-carving-machine setter-8-34 Machine-Tool Operators operator 8-34.10 Machine-tooloperator (general) 8-12.90 Other woodworkingmachine operators 8-34.20 Lathe operator 8-19 Cabinetmakers andRelated Woodworkers Not 8-34.30 Milling-machineoperator Elsewhere Classified 8-34.40 Planing-machineoperator 8-19.20 Coach-body builder 8-34.50 Boring-machineoperator 8-19.25Cartwright 8-34.60 Drilling-machineoperator 8-34.65 Precision-grinding-machineoperator CLASSIFIED LIST

8-35 - 8-54

8-34.70Honing-machine operator 8-43.40Motor-cycle mechanic 8-34.75Metal-sawing-machine operator 8-43.90 Other motor-vehicle mechanics 8-34.80Automatic transfer-machine operator 8-44Aircraft Engine Mechanics 8-34.90Other machine-tool operators 8-44.10Aircraft engine mechanic (general) 8-35 Metal Grinders, Polishers and Tool Sharpeners 8-44.20Aircraft engine service mechanic 8-35.20Buffing- and polishing-machine operator 8-44.90 Other aircraft engine mechanics 8-35.30 Tool grinder, machine tools 8-49 MachineryFitters,MachineAssemblersand 8-35.40Cutting instruments sharpener Precision-Instrument Makers (except Electrical) 8-35.50 Saw repairer and sharpener Not Elsewhere Classified 8-35.60Textile card grinder 8-49.10Machinery mechanic (general) 8-35.90Other metal grinders, polishers and tool 849.15 Reciprocating steam-engine mechanic sharpeners 8-49.20Diesel engine mechanic (except motor 8-39Blacksmiths, Toolmakers and Machine-Tool Oper- vehicle) ators Not Elsewhere Classified 8-49.25Turbine mechanic (except aircraft and marine turbines) 8-39.20 Gunsmith 8-49.30Metalworking machine-tool mechanic 8-39.30Locksmith 8-49.35Mining machinery mechanic 8-39.40Metal spinner 8-49.40Printing machinery mechanic 8-39.50Metal former (hand) 8-49.45Textile machinery mechanic 8-39.60Metal-press operator 8-49.50 Woodworking machinery mechanic 8-39.70Metal-bending-machine operator 8-49.55Agricultural machinery mechanic 8-39.80Power-shear operator 8-49.60Earth-moving equipment and construc- 8-39.90Otherblacksmiths,toolmakersand tion machinery mechanic machine-tool operators 8-49.65Office machines mechanic 8-49.70Plant maintenance mechanic 8-4 Machinery Fitters,Maaine Assembles and Precision- 8-49.75Pedal-cycle repairer Instrument Makers (except Electrical) 8-49.80Oiler and greaser (except ships' engines) Mechanical products inspector and tester Machinery Fitters and Machine Assemblers 8-49.85 8-41 8-49.90Other machinery fitters, machine assem- 8-41.05Machinery fitter (general) blers and precision-instrument makers 841.10 Machinery fitter-assembler (general) (except electrical) 8-41.15Internalcombustionenginefitter- assembler (except aircraft and marine 8-5Electrical Fitters and Related Electrical and engines) Electronics Workers 8-41.20Aircraft engine fitter-assembler 8-41.25Marine engine fitter-assembler 8-51 Electrical Fitters 841.30 Turbine fitter-assembler (except aircraft 8-51.10Electrical fitter (general) and marine) 8-51.20Electrical motor and generator fitter 841.35Metalworking machine - tool fitter- 8-51.30Electrical transformer fitter assembler 8-51.40Electrical switchgear and control appa- 841.40Mining machinery fitter-assembler ratus fitter 841.45Printing machinery fitter-assembler 8-5L50Electrical instrument fitter 841.50 Textile machinery fitter-assembler 8-51.60Electrical elevator and related equipment 841.55 Woodworking machinery fitter-assembler fitter 841.60Agricultural machinery fitter-assembler 8-51.90Other electrical fitters 841.65Earth-moving equipment fitter-assembler 841.70Office machinery fitter-assembler 8-52 Electronics Fitters 841.75Machinery erector and installer 8-52.10Electronics fitter (general) 841.80Refrigeration and air-conditioning plan 8-52.20Electronics fitter (radio, television and installer and mechanic radar equipment) 8-41.85Airframe fitter-assembler 8-52.30Electronics fitter (medical equipment) 841.90 Other machinery fitters and machine 8-52.40Electronic computer and related equip- assemblers ment fitter 8-52.50Electronics fitter (industrial equipment) 8-42Watch, Clock and Precision-Instrument Makers 8-52.60Electronic signalling systems fitter 842.20 Watch and clock assembler 8-52.90Other electronics fitters 842.25 Watch and clock repairer 842.30Precision-instrument maker and repairer 8-53 Electrical and Electronic Equipment Assemblers 842.35Optical instrument maker and repairer 8-53.20Electrical equipment assembler 842.40Precision-instrument assembler 8-53.30Electronic equipment assembler 842.45Orthopaedic appliance maker and repairer 8-53.40Coil winder (machine) 842.50 Dental prosthesis maker and repairer 8-53.50Coil winder (hand) 842.90 Other watch, clock and precision-instru- 8-53.90Other electrical and electronic equipment ment makers assemblers 8-43Motor-Vehicle Mechanics 8-54 Radio and Television Repairmen 843.20 Automobile mechanic 8-54.20Radio and television mechanic 843.30Motor-truck mechanic 8-54.90Other radio and television repairmen

283 8-55 - 8-92

8-55 Electrical Wiremen 8-72.50Flame-cutter (hand) 8-55.10Electrican, general 8-72.55Flame-cutter (machine) 8-55.20Building electrician 8-72.60Solderer (hand) 8-55.30Aircraft electrician 8-72.90Other welders and flame-cutters 8-55.35Ship's electrician 8-55.40Vehicle electrician 8-73 Sheet-Metal Workers 8-55.50Stage and studio electrician 8-73.10Sheet-metal worker, general 8-55.60Maintenance electrician 8-73.20Sheet-metal marker 8-55.70Electrical repairman 8-73.30Coppersmith 8-55.90Other electrical wiremen 8-73.40Tinsmith 8-73.50Boilersmith 8-56Telephone and Telegraph Installers 8-73.60 Ornamental sheet-metal worker 8-56.20Telephone and telegraph installer 8-73.70Vehicle sheet-metal worker 8-56.30 Telephone and telegraph mechanic 8-73.80Aircraft sheet-metal worker 8-56.90Other telephone and telegraph installers 8-73.90Other sheet-metal workers 8-57 Electric Linemen and Cable Jointers 8-74Structural Metal Preparers and Erectors 8-57.20Electric power lineman 8-74.20Structural metal marker 8-57.30Electric traction lineman 8-74.30Structural steel worker (workshop) 8-57.40Telephone and telegraph lineman 8-74.40Constructional steel erector 8-57.50Electric cable jointer 8-74.50Metal shipwright 8-57.90Other electric linemen and cable jointers 8-74.55Ship plater 8-74.60 Hand riveter 8-59 Electrical Fitters and Related Electrical and Elec- 8-74.65Machine riveter tronics Workers Not Elsewhere Classified 8-74.70 Pneumatic riveter 8-59.20Electrical and electronic products inspec- 8-74.90 Other structural metalpreparers and tor and tester erectors 8-59.90Otherelectricalfittersandrelated electrital and electronics workers 8-8Jewellery and Precious Metal Workers

8.6 Broadcasting Station and Sound-EquipmentOperators 8-80Jewellery and Precious Metal Workers and Cinema Projectionists 8-80.10Jeweller (general) 8-80.20Jewellery repairer 8-61 Broadcasting Station Operators 8-80.30 Gem cutter and polsher 8-61.20 Radio and televidon transmitting equip- 8-80.40 Gem setter ment operator 8-80.50Goldsmith and silversmith 8-61.30 Radio and television studio equipment 8-80.60Precious metal roller operator 8-80:70Precious metal leaf maker 8-61.90 Other broadcasting station operators 8-80.80Jewellery engraver 8-80.90Other jewellery and preciousmetal 8-62 Sound-Equipment Operators andCinema Projec- workers tionists 8-62.20Sound-recording equipment operator 8-62.30Public address equipment operator 8-9Glass Formers,Potters and Related Workers 8-62.40 Cinema projectionist 8-62.90Other sound-equipment operators and8-91Glass Formers, Cutters, Grinders and Finishers cinema projectionists 8-91.20Glass blower 8-91.24Scientific glass blower 8-91.28Glass-blowing-machine operator 8-7Plumbers,Welders, Sheet-Metal and Structural 8-91.32Glass lens moulder Metal Preparers andErectors 8-91.36Glass-pressing-machine operator 8-71 Plumbers and Pipe Fitters 8-91.40Glass-drawing-machine operator 8-91.44Plate-glass rollerman 8-71.05 Plumber (general) 8-91.48Plate-glass polisher 8-71.10 Pipe fitter (general) 8-91.52Float-glass bath operator 8-71.20 Gas pipe fitter 8-91.56Glass cutter 8-71.30Marine pipe fitter 8-91.60Optical glass cutter 8-71.40Aircraft pipe and tube fitter 8-91.64Glass edge grinder 8-71.90 Other plumbers and pipe fitters 8-91.68Lens grinding-machine operator 8-72Welders and Flame-Cutters 8-91.72Lens polishing-machine operator 8-91.76Glass tube maker 8-72.10 Gas and electric welder (general) 8-91.80Glass tube bender 8-72.15Gas welder 8-91.90Other glass formers, cutters, grinders and 8-72.20Electric arc welder (hand) finishers 8-72.25Electric arc welder (machine) 8-72.30 Thermite welder 8-92 Potters and Related Clay and Abrasive Formers 8-72.35Resistance welder 8-92.10Potter (general) 8-72.40 Lead burner 8-92.15Pottery and porcelain modeller 8-72.45Brazer 8-92.20Pottery and porcelain mould maker

284 8-93 - 9-25

8-92.25Pottery and porcelain thrower 9-02.40Tire rebuilder 8-92.30Pottery and porcelain jiggerman 9-02.90Other tire makers and vulcanisers 8-92.35Pottery and porcelain caster (hand) 8-92.40 Brick and tile moulder (hand) 8-92.45Pottery and porcelain presser (hand) 9-1 Paper and Paperboard Products Makers 8-92.50Pottery and porcelain die-presser 8-92.55Clay extruding-press operator 9-10 Paper and Paperboard Products Makers 8-92.60Abrasive wheel moulder 9-10.20 Paper box maker (hand) 8-92.90Otherpotters and related clay and 9-10.30 Paper box maker (machine) abrasive formers 9-10.40 Cardboard lining-machine operator 9-10.50 Paper box cutting- and creasing-press 8-93Glass and Ceramics Kilnmen operator 8-93.20Glass-making furnaceman 9-10.60Cardboard-press operator 8-93.30Glass-annealing furnaceman 9-10.70 Paper bag and envelope maker (machine) 8-93.40Glass temperer 9-10.80Cellophane bag maker (machine) 8-93.50Pottery and porcelain lcilnman' 9-10.90Other paper and paperboard products 8-93.60 Brick and tile kilmnan makers 8-93.90Other glass and ceramics kilnmen 8-94 Glass Engravers and Etchers 9-2 Printers and Related Workers 8-94.20Glass engraver 8-94.30Glass etcher 9-21Compositors and Type-Setters 8-94.40Glass sandblaster 9-21.10Printer, general 8-94.90 Other glass engravers and etchers 9-21.20Hand compositor Linotype operator Glass and Ceramics Painters and Decorators 9-21.30 8-95 9-21.35Monotype keyboard operator 8-95.20Glass painter 9-21.40Type-casting-Machine operator 8-95.30Ceramics painter 9-21.45Printing maker-up 8-95.40Ceramics decorator 9-21.50Imposer 8-95.50Ceramics spray-painter 9-21.55Photo-type-setting machine operator 8-95.60Ceramics dipper 9-21.90Other compositors and type-setters 8-95.70Mirror silverer 8-95.90Other glass and ceramics paintersand9-22 Printing Pressmen decorators 9-22.20Cylinder pressman 8-99Glass Formers, Potters and Related Workers Not 9-22.25Platen pressman Elsewhere Classified 9-22.30 Rotary pressman 8-99.20Glass mixer 9-22.40Offset pressman 8-99.30Clay mixer 9-22.50Direct lithographic pressman 8-99.40 Clay slip maker 9-22.60 Rotogravure pressman 8-99.50Glaze maker 9-22.70Wallpaper printer 8-99.60Abrasives mixer 9-22.90Other printing pressmen 8-99.70Fibreglass maker 8-99.90Other glass formers, potters and related 9-23Stereotypers and Electrotypers workers 9-23.20Stereotyper 9-23.30Electrotyper 9-0 Rubber and Plastics Product Makers 9-23.90Other stereotypers and electrotypers

9-01Rubber and Plastics Product Makers (Except Tire 9-24 Printing Engravers (except Photo-Engravers) Makers and Tire Vulcanisers) 9-01.20 Rubber millman 9-24.15Lithographic stone engraver 9-24.20Metal printingplate,roller and die 9-01.25Rubber calender operator engraver (hand) 9-01.30 Rubber extruding-machine operator 9-24.30 Wood, rubber or linoleum block en- 9-01.35Rubber moulding-press operator graver (hand) 9-01.40 Rubber goods assembler 9-24.40Metal printing roller engraver (machine) 9-01.50Plastics injection- moulding- machine operator 9-24.45Engraving pantograph operator Plastics compression-moulding-machine 9-24.50Direct lithographic transferrer 9-01.55 9-24.60Metal engraving etcher operator 9-24.90Other printing engravers (except photo- 9-01.60Plastics extruding-machine operator engravers) 9-01.65Plastics laminator Plastics products assembkr 9-01.70 9-25 Photo-Engravers 9-01.80Plastics products fabricator 9-01.90Otherrubber and plasticsproducts 9-25.10Photo-engraver (general) makers (except tire makers and tire 9-25.20 Photogravure cameraman vulcanisers) 9-25.30Photogravure retoucher 9-25.40Photo-mechanical transferrer 9-02Tire Makers and Vulcanisers 9-25.50Photogravure etcher 9-02.20Tire builder 9-25.60Printing plate retoucher 9-02.30Tire moulder 9-25.90Other photo-engravers

285 CLASSIFIED LIST

926.9 -56

9-26 Bookbinders and Related Workers 9-49.40 Doll and stuffed toy maker 9-26.20 Bookbinder (hand) 9-49.50 Rubber stamp maker 9-26.30 Bookbinder (machine) 9-49.60 Candle maker 9-26.40 Book embosser (hand) 9-49.70 Photographic film and paper maker 9-26.50 Book embosser (machine) 9-49.80 Quality inspector 9-26.90Other bookbinders and related workers 9-49.90 Other production and related workers not elsewhere classified 9-27 Photographic Dark-Room Workers 9-27.20Colour developer 9-27.30Black-and-white developer 9 -SBricklayers, Carpenters and Other Construction 9-27.40Photograph printer Workers 9-27.50 Photograph enlarger 9-27.90Other photographic dark-room workers 9-51Bricklayers, Stonemasons and Tile Setters 9-51.20 Bricklayer (construction) 9-29Printers' and Related Workers Not Elsewhere 9-51.25Bricklayer (chimney building) Classified 9-51.30 Firebrick layer 9-29.20Silk-screen stencil cutter 9-51.40 Stonemason (construction) 9-29.30Silk-screen printer 9-51.45 Marble setter 9-29.40Block printer 9-51.50 Tile setter 9-29.50Textile printer 9-51.55 Mosaic cutter and setter 9-29.90Other printers and related workers 9-51.60 Paviour 9-51.90 Other bricklayers, stonemasons and tile setters 9-3 Painters 9-52Reinforced Concreters,Cement Finishers and 9-31 Painters, Construction Terrazzo Workers 9-31.20Building painter 9-52.10 Reinforced concreter (general) 9-31.30Structural steel and ship painter 9-52.20 Concrete shutterer 9-31.90Other painters, construction 9-52.30 Reinforcing iron worker 9-39 Painters Not Elsewhere Classified 9-52.40 Cement finisher 9-52.50 Terrazzo worker 9-39.20 Brush-painter (except construction) 9-52.90 Otherreinforcedconcreters, 9-39.30Spray-painter (except construction) cement 9-39.40 Hand dipper finishers and terrazzo workers 9-39.50Sign-painter 9-53Roofers 9-39.60Automobile painter 9-39.90 Other painters 9-53.20Slate and tile roofer 9-53.30Composition roofer 9-53.40Asphalt roofer 9-4Production and Related Workers Not Elsewhere 9-53.50Metal roofer Classified 9-53.60Roof thatcher 9-53.90Other roofers 9-41Musical Instrument Makers and Tuners 9-41.20Stringed instrument malcer 9-54Carpenters, Joiners and Parquetry Workers 9-41.30 Woodwind instrument maker 9-54.10 Carpenter, general 9-41.40Metal wi d instrument maker 9-54.15Construction carpenter 9-41.50 Accordion maker 9-54.20 Construction joiner 9-41.60 Organ builder 9-54.30Stage and studio carpenter 9-41.70 Piano maker 9-54.40 Wood shipwright 9-41.80Musical instrument tuner 9-54.45Ship joiner 9-41.90 Other musical instrument makers and 9-54.50 Wooden boatbuilder tuners 9-54.55Ship's carpenter 9-54.60Aircraft joiner 9-42 Basketry Weavers and Brush Makers 9-54.70 Bench carpenter 9-42.20 Basket maker 9-54.75Parquetry worker 9-42.30 Brush maker (hand) 9-54.90 Other carpenters, joiners and parquetry 9-42.40 Broom maker (hand) workers 9-42.50 Wicker furniture maker 9-42.90Other basketry weavers and brush makers9-55 Plasterers 9-55.10Plasterer, general 9-43Non-Metallic Mineral Product Makers 9-55.20 Ornamental plasterer 9-43.20Cast concrete product maker 9-55.30Stucco plasterer 9-43.30Asbestos cement product maker 9-55.40Fibrous plasterer 9-43.40Cast stone maker 9-55.90 Other plasterers 9-43.90 Othernon-metallicmineralproduct makers 9-56Insulators 9-56.20 9-49 Building insulator (hand) Other Production and Related Workers 9-56.30Building insulator (machine) 9-49.20 Taxidermist 9-56.40Acoustical insulator 9-49.30 Linoleum maker 9-56.50Boiler and pipe insulator

286 9-57 - 9-83

9-56.60Refrigeration and air-conditioning equip- 9-72Riggers and Cable Splicers ment insulator 9-72.05Hoisting equipment rigger (general) 9-56.90 Other insulators 9-72.10 Rope and cable splicer (general) 9-72.20Hoisting equipment rigger (construction) 9-57 Glaziers 9-72.30Ship rigger 9-57.20Building glazier 9-72.40Aircraft riggdr 9-57.30Patent roofing glazier 9-72.50Oil and gas well-drilling rigger 9-57.40Plate-glass glazier 9-72.60Suspension bridge cable worker 9-57.50Leaded-glass glazier 9-72.90Other riggers and cable splicers 9-57.60Vehicle glazier 9-57.90Other glaziers 9-73 Crane and Hoist Operators 9-73.20Bridge- or gantry-crane operator 9-59Construction Workers Not Elsewhere Classified 9-73.25Stationary jib-crane operator 9-59.10Housebuilder (general) 9-73.27Tower-crane operator 9-59.20Building maintenance man 9-73.30Mobile-crane operator 9-59.25Paperhanger 9-73.35Hoist operator (construction) 9-59.30Steeplejack 9-73.40Hoist operator (mine) 9-59.40Scaffolder 9-73.45Mine cageman 9-59.45Demolition worker 9-73.50Winch operator 9-59.50Pipe layer 9-73.55Opening bridge operator 9-59.55Well digger 9-73.90Other crane and hoist operators 9-59.60Underwater worker 9-59.70Composition tile layer 9-74 Earth-Moving and Related Machinery Operators 9-59.75Building exterior cleaner 9-74.20Excavating-machine operator 9-59.90Other construction workers 9-74.25Trench-digging-machine operator 9-74.30Bulldozer operator 9-6 Stationary Engine and Related EquipmentOperators 9-74.35Dredge operator 9-74.40Pile-driver operator 9-61 Power-Generating Machinery Operators 9-74.45Road-grader and scraper operator 9-61.20Power-plant operator (steam) 9-74.50Road-roller operator 9-61.30Hydroelectric station operator 9-74.55Concrete paving-machine operator 9-61.40 Power reactor operator 9-74.60Tar-spreading machine operator 9-61.50Turbine operator (power station) 9-74.70Concrete-mixer operator 9-61.60 Power switchboard operator 9-74.75Concrete-mixing-plant operator 9-61.70 Load dispatcher (electric power) 9-74.90Other earth-moving and related machin- 9-61.90Other power-generating machinery oper- ery operators ators 9-79Material Handling EquipmentOperators No 9-69Stationary Engine and Related Equipment Oper- Elsewhere Classified ators Not Elsewhere Classified 9-79.20Lifting-truck operator 9-69.10Stationary engine operator (general) 9-79.30 Dumper driver 9-69.20Mr-compressor operator 9-79.40Shuttle-car operator (mine) 9-69.25Gas-compressor operator 9-79.50Timber-carrier driver 9-69.30Boiler fireman 9-79.90Other material handling equipment oper- 9-69.40Pumping-station operator ators 9-69.50Water treatment plant operator (waterworks) 9-69.60Incinerator plant operator 9-8Transport Equipment Operators 9-69.70Refrigeration system operator 9-69.80Heating and ventilation equipment oper- 9-81Ships' Deck Ratings, Barge Crews and Boatmen ator 9-81.20 Boatswain 9-69.90Other stationary engine and related 9-81.30 Able seaman equipment operators 9-81.40 Ordinary seaman 9-81.90Other ships' deck ratings, barge crews and boatmen 9-7 Material Handling and Related EquipmentOperators, Dockers and Freight Handlers 9-82Ships' Engine-Room Ratings 9-71Dockers and Freight Handlers 9-82.20Ship's fireman 9-82.30Ship's oiler and greaser 9-71.20Docker 9-82.90 Other ships' engine-room ratings 9-71.30Railway and road vehicle loader 9-71.35Aircraft loader 9-83Railway Engine-Drivers and Firemen 9-71.40Boat loader (liquids and gases) 9-71.45Warehouse porter 9-83.20 Railway engine-driver 9-71.50Hand packer 9-83.30 Railway steam-engine fireman 9-71.55Machine packer 9-83.40Assistant railway engine-driver 9-71.60Machine labeller 9-83.50 Underground or elevated train driver 9-71.70Bale-press operator 9-83.60 Engine-driver (mine and quarry) 9-71.90Other dockers and freight handlers 9-83.90 Other railway engine-drivers and firemen 287 CLASSIFIED LIST

944 - X-30

9-84 Railway Brakemen, Signalmen and Shunters 9-86.30 Animal-drawn vehicle driver (mine and 9-84.20Railway brakeman (freight train) quarry) 9-84.30Railway signalman 9-86.90Other animal and animal-drawn vehicle 9-84.40Railway shunter drivers 9-84.50Mine and quarry brakeman 9-89 Transport Equipment Operators Not Elsewhere 9-85 Motor-Vehicle Drivers Classified 9-85.20 Tram driver 9-89.20 Dockmaster, dry-dock 9-85.30 Taxi driver 9-89.30 Lock operator (canal or port) 9-85.40Motor bus driver 9-89.40Lighthouse man 9-85.50Lorry and van driver (local transport) 9-89.50Pedal-vehicle driver 9-85.60Lorry and van driver (long-distance 9-89.90Other transport equipment operators transport) 9-85.70Motor-cyclist 9-85.90Other motor-vehicle drivers 9-9Labourers Not Elsewhere Classified 9-86 Animal and Animal-Drawn Vehicle Drivers 9-99 Labourers Not Elsewhere Classified 9-86.20 Animal-drawn vehicle driver (road) 9-99.10Labourer

MAJOR GROUP X

WORKERS NOT CLASSIFIABLE BY OCCUPATION

X-1 New Workers Seeking Employment X-3 Workers Not Reporting Any Occupation X-I0 New Workers Seeking Employment X-30Workers Not Reporting Any Occupation X-10.10 New workers seeking employment X-30.10 Workers not reporting any occupation

X-2 Workers Reporting Occupations Unidentifiable or Inadequately Described

X-20Workers Reporting Occupations Unidentifiable or Inadequately Described X-20.10 Workersreporting occupationsun- identifiable or inadequately described

ARMED FORCES

MEMBERS OF THE ARMED FORCES

288 CONVERSION TABLE

EXPLANATORY Nom

The Conversion Table presented below isintended to show where the occupations covered by the different unit groups of ISCO(1958 edition) have been included in the revised classification.The objectives are, first, to assist personswishing to convert existing data already classified in accordance with ISCO (1958edition) to make them conform as closely as possible with therevised classification structure; and second, to assistthose responsible for the revision of national classifications whodesire to take the revised international classification into account in their work. Many of the revised unit groups correspondclosely with former unit groups.Where certain occupations included in the old grouphave not been retained within the scope of the new unit group, an attempt has been made tolist significant exceptions of this kind under the old unit group title, in the left-handcolumn. The new unit groups to which these occupations have been transferred areidentified in the right-hand column, in brackets, in italics. Since the number of unit groups is now 284,compared with 201 formerly, one old unit group may be covered by acombination of several new unit groups. On the otherhand, in a few cases one new unit group comprisesseveral of the old groups; in these instances, the title of the new unit group is shown on theright, preceded by the symbol t, opposite each of the ISCO 1958 unit groups covered.The symbol also appears against a new unit group title shown on theright-hand side if it includes one or more occupationswhich were not within the scope of the old unit groupindicated on the left. The abbreviation N.E.C. indicates "not elsewhereclassified".

ISCO 1958 REVISED ISCO

Major Group 0

0-0 ARCHITECTS, ENGINEERS AND SURVEYORS 0-01Architects 0-21 t Architects and town planners 0-02Engineers: Civil engineers (0-02.02 to 0-02.22) 0-22Civil engineers Electrical engineers (0-02.24 to 0-23Electrical and electronics engineers 0-02.36) Mechanical engineers (0-02.38 to 0-24t Mechanical engineers 0-02.58) Chemical and metallurgical engineers 0-25Chemical engineers (0-02.60 to 0-02.72) 10-26Metallurgists

289 CONVERSION TABLE

ISCO 1958 REVISED ISCO Except: Ceramic and glass engineer [Included in 0-29] (0-02.70) Mining engineers (0-02.74 to 0-02.82) 0-27 Mining engineers 0-28t Industrial engineers Engineers, other (0-02.84 to 0-02.99) 0-29t Engineers N.E.C. Except: Naval architect (0-02.90) [Included in 0-24] 0-03Surveyors 0-31Surveyors

0-1 CHEMISTS, PHYSICISTS, GEOLOGISTS AND OTHER PHYSICAL SCIENTISTS 0-11Chemists 0-11Chemists Except: Chemist (biological) (0-11.20) [Included in 0-52] 0-12Physicists 0-12 Physicists 0-19Physical scientists N.E.C. 0-13Physical scientists N.E.C.

0-2BIOLOGISTS, VETERINARIANS, AGRON- OMISTS AND RELATED SCIENTISTS 0-21Veterinarians 0-65Veterinarians 0-51Biologists, zoologists and related 0-22Biologists and animal scientists scientists N.E.C. 0-521' Bacteriologists,pharmacologists and related scientists 0-23Agronomists, silviculturists and hor- 0-53 Agronomists and related scientists ticultural scientists Except: Landscape planner (0-23.60) [Included in 0-21] Wood technologist [Included in 0-29]

0-3PHYSICIANS, SURGEONS AND DENTISTS 0-31Physicians and surgeons 0-61Medical doctors Except: Physiologist, medical (0-31.40) [Included in 0.52] Pathologist, medical (0-31.50) [Included in 0.52] Toxicologist (0-31.60) [Included in 0.52] 0-32Dentists 0-63Dentists

0-4NURSES AND MIDWIVES 0-41Nurses, professional 0-71Professional nurses 0-73 0-42Midwives Professional midwives 10-74 Midwifery personnel N.E.C. 0-49Nurses N.E.C. 0-72 Nursing personnel N.E.C.

290 CONVERSION TABLE

ISCO 1958 REVISED ISCO

0-5PROFESSIONAL MEDICAL WORKERS N.E.C. AND MEDICAL TECHNICIANS

0-51Pharmacists 0-67Pharmacists 0-52Optometrists 0-75t Optometrists and opticians 0-76Physiotherapists and occupational therapists 0-53Medical technicians 0-77Medical X-ray technicians 0-79t Medical, dental, veterinary and related workers N.E.C.

0-62Medical assistants 0-64Dental assistants 0-59Professional medical workers N.E.C. 0-69Dietitians and public health nutritionists 0-79t Medical, dental, veterinary and related workers N.E.C. 0-6TEACHERS 0-61University teachers 1-31University and higher education teachers 1-32Secondary education teachers 1-33Primary education teachers 0-69Teachers N.E.C. 1-34Pre-primary education teachers 1-35Special education teachers 1 -39tx Teachers N.E.C. 0-7CLERGY AND RELATED MEMBERS OF RELIGIOUS ORDERS

1-41 Ministers of religion and related 0-71Clergy and related members of religious orders members of religious orders 1-49Workers in religion N.E.C.

0-8JURISTS 1-21Lawyers 0-81Jurists 1-22Judges 1-29Jurists N.E.C.

0-9ARTISTS, WRITERS AND RELATED WORKERS

0-91Painters, sculptors and related f 1-61Sculptors, painters and related artists creative artists 1 1-62t Commercial artists and designers

0-92 Authors, journalists and related 1-51Authors and critics 1-59Authors, journalists and related writers writers N.E.C.

1-71Composers, musicians and singers 1-72Choreographers and dancers 0-93Actors, musicians, dancers and related workers 1-73Actors and stage directors 1-75Circus performers 1-79Performing artists N.E.C.

0-X DRAUGHTSMEN AND SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING TECHNICIANS N.E.C. 0-X1 Draughtsmen 0-32 Draughtsmen

291 CONVERSION TABLE

ISCO 1958 REVISED ISCO 0-14Physical science technicians 0-33t Civil engineering technicians 0-34Electrical and electronics engineering technicians 0-35Mechanical engineering technicians 0-X9 Science and engineering technicians 0-36Chemical engineering technicians N.E.C. and laboratory attendants 0-37Metallurgical technicians 0-38Mining technicians 0-39Engineering technicians N.E.C. 0-54Life sciences technicians 0-66Veterinary assistants 0-68Pharmaceutical assistants 0-84Statistical and mathematical technicians

0-Y OTHER PROFESSIONAL, TECHNICAL AND RELATED WORKERS

0-Y1Accountants, professional 1-10Accountants 0-Y2Social workers 1-93Social workers 0-Y3Librarians and archivists 1-91Librarians, archivists and curators

0-Y4 Economists, actuaries and 0-81Statisticians statisticians 0-82? Mathematicians and actuaries 0-90 Economists 0-83Systems analysts 1-92Sociologists, anthropologists and related scientists 0-Y9 Professional, technical and related 1-94Personnel and occupational specialists workers N.E.C. 1-95Philologists, translators and interpreters 1-99? Other professional, technical and related workers Except: Time and motion study engineer [Included in 0-28] Quantity surveyor [Included in 0-33] Mathematician (0-Y9.35) [Included in 0-82] Education methods adviser [Included in 1-39] Audio-visual and other teaching [Included in 1-39] aid specialist School inspector [Included in 1-39] Designer (industrial and com- [Included in 1-62] mercial products) (0-Y9.62) Taxidermist (0-Y9.65) [Included in 9-49]

Major Group 1

1-0 ADMINISTRATIVE AND EXECUTIVE OFFICIALS, GOVERNMENT

1-01Administrators and executive officials, {2-01Legislative officials government 2-02 Government administrators Except: Executive officer, government 3-10Government executive officials (1-01.60)

292 CONVERSION TABLE

ISCO 1958 REVISED ISCO

1-1DIRECTORS, MANAGERS AND WORKING PROPRIETORS

1-11Directors, managers and working 2-111- General managers proprietors (mining and quarrying, 2-12t Production managers (except farm) manufacturing, construction, electri- 2-19t Managers N.E.C. city, gas, water and sanitary services) 1-12Directors and managers (wholesale 4-00Managers (wholesale and retail trade) and retail trade) Except: Managers of departments such as [Included in 2-19] purchasing, finance, administration, etc. 1-13Directors, managers and working 2-11t General managers proprietors (banks and other financial 2-19t Managers N.E.C. institutions, insurance and real estate)

1-14Directors, managers and working 2-11t General managers proprietors (transport, storage and 2-19t Managers N.E.C. communications) Except: Postmasters 3-52Postmaster.s. 1-74Producers, performing arts 1-15Directors, managers and working 2-11t General managers proprietors (service industries) 2-19t Managers N.E.C. Except: Managers (catering and lodging 5-00 Managers (catering and lodging services) services) Working proprietors (catering and 5-10Workingproprietors(cateringand lodging services) lodging services) 2-11 t General managers 1-19Directors, managers and working 2-12t Production managers (except farm) proprietors N.E.C. 2-19t Managers N.E.C.

Major Group 2

2-0 BOOKKEEPERS AND CASHIERS 3-31Bookkeepers and cashiers 2-01Bookkeepers and cashiers 3-39t Bookkeepers, cashiers and related workers N.E.C.

2-1STENOGRAPHERS AND TYPISTS 2-11Stenographers and typists 3-21t Stenographers, typists and teletypists

2-9 OTHER CLERICAL WORKERS 3-22Card- and tape-punching machine operators Bookkeeping and calculating machine 2-91Office-machine operators 3-41 operators 3-42Automatic data-processing machine operators

293 CONVERSION TABLE

ISCO 1958 REVISED ISCO Except: Office machine operator (reproduc- [Included in 3-99] tion processes)

3-00Clerical supervisors 3-39t Bookkeepers, cashiers and related workers N.E.C. 3-91Stock clerks Clerical workers N.E.C. 3-92 Material and production planning 2-99 clerks 3-93Correspondence and reporting clerks 3-94 Receptionists and travel agency clerks 3-95Library and filing clerks 3-99t Clerks N.E.C.

Major Group 3

3-0 WORKING PROPRIETORS, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE 3-01Working proprietors, wholesale trade 4-10t Working proprietors (wholesale and retail trade) 3-02 Working proprietors, retail trade 4-10t Working proprietors (wholesale and retail trade)

3-1INSURANCE AND REAL-ESTATE SALESMEN, SALESMEN OF SECURITIES AND SERVICES, AND AucrioNeEas 4-41 3-11Insurance and real-estate salesmen, Insurance, real estate and securities salesmen of securities and services, salesmen and auctioneers 4-42 Business services salesmen 4-43Auctioneers

3-2 COMERCIAL TRAVELLERS AND MANU- FACTURERS' AGENTS 3-21Commercial travellers and manufac- 4-32 Commercial travellers and manufacturers' agents turers' agents

3-3SALESMEN, SHOP ASSISTANTS AND RELATED WORKERS 3-31Salesmen and shop assistants 4-51t Salesmen, shop assistants and demonstrators 3-32Street vendors, canvassers and news- 4-52Street vendors, canvassers and newsvendors vendors

4-21Sales supervisors 3-39Salesmen, shop assistants and related 4-22 Buyers workers N.E.C. 4-31Technical salesmen and service advisers 4-90 Sales workers N.E.C. Except: Petrol servicestation attendant [Included in 4-51] (3-39.20) Demonstrator (3-39.30) [Included in 4-51]

294 CONVERSION TABLE

ISCO 1958 REVISED ISCO Major Group 4

4.0FARMERS AND FARM MANAGERS 6-00t Farm managers and supervisors 4-01Farmers and farm managers 6-11General farmers 6-12Specialised farmers

4-1FARM WORKERS N.E.C.

6-21General farm workers 6-22Field crop and vegetable farm workers 6-23t Orchard, vineyard and related tree and shrub crop workers 6-24Livestock workers 4-11Farm workers N.E.C. 6-25Dairy farm workers 6-26Poultry farm workers 6-27Nursery workers and gardeners 6-28Farm machinery operators 6-29t Agricultural and animal husbandry workers N.E.C.

Except: Farm supervisor [Included in 6-00]

4-2 HUNTERS AND RELATED WORKERS 4-21Hunters and related workers 6t.49 -t Fishermen, hunters and related workers N.E.C. Except: Guide, hunting and fishing [Included in 5-91] (4-21.40)

4-3FISHERMEN AND RELATED WORKERS 6-41Fishermen 4-31Fishermen and related workers 6-49t Fishermen, hunters and related workers N.E.C.

4-4 LOGGERS AND OTHER FORESTRY WORKERS

{6-31Loggers 4-41Loggers and other forestry workers 6-32Forestry workers (except logging) Except: Tree tapper (4-41.50) [Rubber tapper included in 6-23; other tappers in 6-29] Charcoal burner, forest (4-41.55) [Included in 7-49] Extractor operator, wood distilla- [Included in 7-44]

4 tion, forest (4-41.60) Distiller, wood turpentine, forest [Included in 7-44] (4-41.65) Distiller, gum turpentine, forest [Included in 7-44] (4-41.70)

295 CONVERSION TABLE

ISCO 1958 REVISED ISCO Major Group 5

5-0MINERS AND QUARRYMEN 5-01Miners and quarrymen 7-11t Miners and quarrymen

5-1WELL DRILLERS AND RELATED WORKERS

5-11Well drillers and related workers 7-13Well drillers, borers and related workers

5-2MINERAL TREATERS

5-21Mineral treaters 7-12Mineral and stone treaters

5-9MINERS, QUARRYMEN AND RELATED WORKERS N.E.C. 5-99Miners, quarrymen and related 7-11t Miners and quarrymen workers N.E.C. Except: Engine driver, mine andquarry [Included in 9-83] (5-99.20) Shuttle car operator, mine (5-99.30) [Included in 9-79] Driver, animal-drawn vehicle (mine [Included in 9-86] and quarry) (5-99.40) Brakeman, mine and quarry [Included in 9-84] (5-99.50) Cageman, mine (5-99.60) [Included in 9-73] Crude-oil treater (5-99.80) [Included in 7-43]

Major Group 6

6-0 DECK OFFICERS, ENGINEER OFFICERSAND PILOTS, SHIP

6-01 Deck officers and pilots, ship 0-42Ships' deck officers and pilots 6-02 Engineer officers, ship 0-43Ships' engineers

6-1DECK AND ENGINE-ROOM RATINGS (SHIP), BARGE CREWS AND BOATMEN 6-11Deck ratings (ship), bargecrews and 9-81Ships' deck ratings, bargecrews and boatmen boatmen 6-12 Engine-room ratings, firemen and 9-82Ships' engine-room ratings oilers, ship Except: Engine mechanic (ship) (6-12.15) [Included in 849]

6-2 AIRCRAFT PILOTS,NAVIGATORS AND FLIGHT ENGINEERS 6-21Aircraft pilots, navigators and flight 0-41Aircraft pilots, navigators and flight engineers engineers

296 CONVERSION TABLE

ISCO 1958 REVISED ISCO 6-3DRIVERS AND FIREMEN, RAILWAY ENGINE 6-31Drivers and firemen, railway engine 9-83t Railway engine-drivers and firemen

64 DRIVERS, ROAD TRANSPORT

6-41Drivers of motorised vehicles 9-85Motor-vehicle drivers

6-42Drivers of animal and animal-drawn 9-86t Animal and animal-drawn vehicle vehicles drivers

6-43Drivers propelling their vehicles 9-89t Transport equipment operators N.E.C.

6-5CONDUCTORS AND BRAKEMEN, RAILWAY 3-60t Transport conductors 6-51Conductors and brakemen, railway 9-84t Railway brakemen,signalmen and shunters

6-6 INSPECTORS, SUPERVISORS, TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS AND DISPATCHERS, TRANSPORT 3-51Railway station masters 6-61Inspectors and supervisors, transport 3-59t Transport and communications supervisors N.E.C. 6-62Traffic controllers and dispatchers, 3-59t Transport and communications super- transport visors N.E.C. Except: Railway signalman (6-62.40) [Included in 9-84] Railway shunter (6-62.50) [Included in 9-84]

6-7 TELEPHONE, TELEGRAPH AND RELATED TELECOMMUNICATIONS OPERATORS

6-71Telephone and telegraph operators 3-80t Telephone and telegraph operators Except: Teleprinter operator (6-71.40) [Included in 3-21] 6-72 Radio-communication operators 3-80t Telephone and telegraph operators Except: Radio broadcasting station [Included in 8-61] operator (6-72.15) Television broadcasting station [Included in 8-61] operator (6-72.20)

6-8 POSTMEN AND MESSENGERS

6-81Postmen 3-70t Mail distribution clerks 6-82 Messengers 3-70t Mail distribution clerks

297 CONVERSION TABLE

ISCO 1958 REVISED ISCO 6-9WORKERS IN TRANSPORT AND COMMU- NICATION OCCUPATIONS N.E.C. 6-91Conductors, road transport 3-60t Transport conductors 6-92Workers in transport occupations 9-89t Transport equipment operators N.E.C. N.E.C. Except: Ticket sellers on means of trans- [Included in 3-60] port, except bus or tram 6-93Inspectors,trafficcontrollersand 3-59t Transport and communications super- dispatchers, communications visors N.E.C. 6-94Workers in communication occupa- 3-80t Telephone and telegraph operators tions N.E.C.

Major Group 7/8

7-0SPINNERS, WEAVERS, KNITTERS, DYERS AND RELATED WORKERS 7-01Fibre preparers 7-51Fibre preparers 7-02Spinners and winders, textile 7-52 Spinners and winders

7-03Weavers, loom fixers and loom 7 -53f Weaving- and knitting-machine setters preparers and pattern-card preparers 7-54t Weavers and related workers 7-53t Weaving- and knitting-machine setters 7-04Knitters and knitting-machine setters and pattern-card preparers 7-55Knitters 7-05Pattern-card preparers 7-53t Weaving- and knitting-machine setters and pattern-card preparers 7-06Bleachers, dyers and finishers of 7-561 Bleachers, dyers and textile product textiles finishers 7-09Textile fabric and related product 7-59Spinners, weavers, knitters, dyers and makers N.E.C. related workers N.E.C. Except: Examiner, fabrics (7-09.15) [Included in 7-54] Repairer, fabrics (7-09.20) [Included in 7-54]

7-1 TAILORS, CUTTERS, FURRIERS AND RELATED WORKERS

7-11Tailors, dressmakers and garment 7-91Tailors and dressmakers makers 7-12, Fur tailors and related workers 7-92 Fur tailors and related workers 7-13Milliners and hatmakers 7-93t Milliners and hatmakers 7-14Upholsterers and related workers 7-96Upholsterers and related workers

298 CONVERSION TABLE

ISCO 1958 REVISED ISCO 7-15F'attemmakers, markers and cutters 7-94Pattemmakers and cutters (textile products, leather garments and gloves) 7-16Sewers and embroiderers (textile and 7-95Sewers and embroiderers fur products, leather garments and gloves) 7-19Apparel and related product makers, 7-99Tailors, dressmakers, sewers, uphol- N.E.C. sterers and related workers N.E.C. Except: Hat-blocking-machine operator [Included in 7-93]

7-2 LEATHER CUTTERS, LASTERS AND SEWERS (EXCEPT GLOWS AND GARMENTS) AND RELATED WORKERS 7-21Shoemakers and shoe repairers 8-01Shoemakers and shoe repairers 7-22Cutters,lasters, sewers (footwear) 8-02Shoe cutters, lasters, sewers and related and related workers workers 7-23Harness and saddle makers 8-03f Leather goods makers 7-29Leather-product makers N.E.C. 8-03f Leather goods makers

7-3FURNACEMEN, ROLLERS, DRAWERS, MOULDERS AND RELATED METAL MAKING AND TREATING WORKERS 7-21Metal smelting,, converting and refining 7-31Furnacemen, metal furnacemen 7-23Metal paters and reheaters 7-32Annealers, temperers and related heat 7-26Metal annealers, temperers and case- treaters hardeners Except: Bluer, metal (7-32.60) [Included in 7-29] 7-33Rolling-mill operators, metal 7-22Metal rolling-niill workers 7-34Blacksmiths, hammersmiths and 8-31Blacksmiths, hammersmiths and forgemen forging-press operators 7-24Metal casters 7-35Moulders and coremakers 7-25Metal moulders and coremakers 7-36Metal drawers and extruders 7-27Metal drawers and extruders 7-39Metal making and treating workers 7-29t Metal processers N.E.C. N.E.C.

7-4PRECISION-INSTRUMENT MAKERS, WATCHMAKERS, JEWELLERS AND RELATED WORKERS 7-41Precision-instrument makers, watch 8-42Watch, clock and precision-instrument and clock makers and repairmen makers Except: Optician (7-41.35) [Included in 0-75] Office machines mechanic [Included in 8-49]

299 CONVERSION TABLE

ISCO 1958 REVISED ISCO 7-42Jewellers,goldsmithsandsilver- 8-80t Jewellery and precious metal workers smiths 7-43Jewellery engravers 8-80t Jewellery and precious metal workers

7-5TOOLMAKERS, MACHINISTS, PLUMBERS, WELDERS, PLATERS AND RELATED WORKERS 8-32 7-50Fitter-machinists, Toolmakers, metal pattern makers and toolmakersand metal markers machine-tool setters 8-33Machine-tool setter-operators 7-51Machine-tool operators 8-34t Machine-tool operators 7-52Fitter-assemblers and machine erec- 8-41Machinery fitters and machine tors (except electrical and precision- assemblers instrument fitter-assemblers) 8-43Motor-vehicle mechanics 7 -53.Mechanics-repairmen (exceptelec- 8-44Aircraft engine mechanics trical and precision instrument repair- 8-491 Machinery fitters, machine assemblers men) and precision-instrument makers (except electrical) N.E.C. 7-54Sheet-metal workers 8-73t Sheet-metal workers 7-55Plumbers and pipe fitters 8-71Plumbers and pipe fitters Except: Lead burner (7-55.80) [Included in 8-72] 7-56 Welders and flame cutters 8-72t Welders and flame-cutters Except: Metal sprayer (7-56.65) [Included in 7-28] 7-57Metal-plate and structural-metal 8-74Structural metal preparers and erectors workers Except: Boilermaker (7-57.40) [Included in 8-73] Reinforcing-iron worker, construc- [Included in 9-52] tion (7-57.80) 7-5SElectroplaters, dip platers and related 7-28t Metal platers and coaters workers 8-35Metal grinders, polishers and tool 7-59 Metal workers N.E.C. sharpeners 8-39Blacksmiths, toolmakers and m whine tool operators N.E.C. Except: Metal sawing machine operator [Included in 8-34] (7-59.40) Assembler, metal products [Included in 8-49] (7-59.25) Solderer, hand (7-59.70) [Included in 8-72]

7-6 ELECTRICIANS AND RELATED ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONICS WORKERS

7-61Electricians, electrical repairmen and 8-55Electrical wiremen related electrical workers

300 CONVERSION TABLE

ISCO 1958 REVISED ISCO Except: Electrical load dispatcher, power [Included in 941] station (7-61.50) Electricalswitchboardoperator, [Included in 9-61] power station (7-61.55) J 8-51Electrical fitters 7-62Electrical and electronics fitters 1 8-52Electronics fitters 7-63Mechanics-repairmen, radio and 8-54Radio and television repairmen television 7-64Installers and repairmen, telephone 8-56Telephone and telegraph installers and telegraph 7-65Linemen and cable jointers 8-57Electric linemen and cable jointers 8-53t Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers 7-69Electrical and electronics workers 8-59Electrical fitters and related electrical N.E.C. and electronics workers N.E.C. 8-62Sound-equipment operators and cinema projectionists

7-7CARPENTERS, JOINERS, CABINET MAKERS, COOPERS AND RELATED WORKERS

7-71Carpenters and joiners 9-54Carpenters, joiners and parquetry workers Except: Roofer (wooden shingles) (7-71.55) [Included in 9-53] 7-72Cabinet makers 8-11 Cabinetmakers 7-32t Sawyers, plywood makers and related 7-73Sawyers and woodworking-machine wood-processing workers setters and operators 8-12t Woodworking-machine operators 7-31Wood treaters 7-79 Woodworkers N.E.C. 8-19Cabidetmakers andrelatedwood- workers N.E.C. Except: Grader, wood (7-79.30) [Included in 7-32] Turner, wood (7-79.55) [Included in 8-12]

7-8PAINTERS AND PAPERHANGERS 7-81Painters and paperhangers, construc- 9-31Painters, construction tion and maintenance Except: Painter (sign) (7-81.40) [Included in 9-39] Paperhanger (7-81.50) [Included in 9-59] 7-82Painters(except construction and 9-39t Painters N.E.C. maintenance)

7-9 BRICKLAYERS, PLASTERERS AND CON- STRUCTION WORKERS N.E.C.

7-91Bricklayers,stonemasons and tile 9 -Sit Bricklayers, stonemasons and the setters setters

301 CONVERSION TABLE

ISCO 1958 REVISED ISCO 7-92Plasterers 9-55Plasterers 7-93Cement finishers and terrazzo workers 9-52? Reinforced concreters, cement finishers and terrazzo workers 7-94Insulation appliers 9-56Insulators 7-95Glaziers 9-57Glaziers J 9 -53j Roofers 7-99Construction workers N.E.C. 19 -59j Construction workers N.E.C. Except: Paver (7-99.65) [Included in 9-51]

8-0 COMPOSITORS, PRESSMEN,ENGRAVERS, BOOKBINDERS AND RELATED WORKERS 8-01Compositors and type-setters 9-21Compositors and type-setters 8-02Pressmen, printing 9-22Printing pressmen Except: Pressman (textile printing) [Included in 9-29] (8-02.80) 8-03Stereotypers and electrotypers 9-23Stereotypers and electrotypers 8-04Engravers, printing (except photo- 9-24Printing engravers (except photo- engravers) engravers) 8-05Photo-engravers 9-25Photo-engravers 8-06Bookbinders and related workers 9-26Bookbinders and related workers 8-09Printing workers N.E.C. 9-29? Printers and related workers N.E.C.

8-1POTTERS, KILNMEN, GLASS AND CLAY FORMERS AND RELATED WORKERS 8-11Glass formers, cutters, grinders and 8-91Glass formers, cutters, grinders and finishers finishers 8-12Potters and related clay and abrasive 8-92Potters and related clay and abrasive formers formers 8-13Fumacemen and kilnmen, glass and 8-93Glass and ceramics kilnmen ceramics Except: Glass mixer [Included in 8-99] 8-94Glass engravers and etchers 8-14Decorators, glass and ceramics 8-95Glass and ceramics painters and decorators 8-19Glass and ceramics workers N.E.C. 8-99? Glassformers, potters and related workers N.E.C.

8-2MILLERS, GRAIN AND RELATED PRODUCTS

8-21Millers, grain and related products 7-71Grain millers and related workers Except: Miller (oil seed) (8-21.50) [Included in 7-79]

302 CONVERSION TABLE

ISCO 1958 REVISED ISCO 8-22Bakers and pastrycooks 7-76t Bakers, pastrycooks and confectionery makers 8-23Sugar and chocolate confectionery 7-76t Bakers, pastrycooks and confectionery makers makers 8-24Brewers,winemakers and related 7-78t Brewers, wine and beverage makers workers Except: Brewmaster (8-24.15) [Included in 7-00] 8-25Curers, freezers, cooks and related 7-74Food preservers canners and preservers 8-26Butchers and meat cutters 7-73Butchers and meat preparers 8-27Dairy workers 7-75Dairy product processers 7-77Tea, coffee and cocoa preparers 8-29Food processers N.E.C. 1 7-79t Food and beverage processers N.E.C. Except: Macaroni maker (8-29.50) [Included in 7-76] Fruit-press operator (8-29.55) [Included in 7-78] Ice maker (8-29.45) [Included in 9-69]

8-3 CHEMICAL AND RELATED PROCESS WORKERS 8-31 Batch- and continuous-still operators 7-44t Still and reactor operators Except: Stillman, petroleum (8-31.40) [Included in 7-45] 8-32Cookers, roasters and other heat 7-42Cookers, roasters and related heat- treaters, chemical and related pro- treaters cesses Except: Evaporator operator (8-32.25) [Included in 7-44] Coke burner (8-32.50) [Included in 7-49] Coal-gas maker (8-32.55) [Included in 7-49] 8-33Crushers,millers and calenderers, 7-41t Crushers, grinders and mixers chemical and related processers Except: Millman, rubber (8-33.40) [Included in 9-01] Calender-machine operator, rubber [Included in 9-01] (8-33.60) Calender-machine operator, [Included in 7-56] textile (8-33.50) Crusher-grinder, sugar-cane [Included in 7-72] 8-34Paper-pulp preparers 7-33Paper pulp preparers 8-35Paper makers 7-34Paper makers 7-43t Filter and separator operators 8-39Chemical and related process workers 7-45t Petroleum-refining workers N.E.C. 7-72t Sugar processers and refiners 7-49t Chemical processers and related workers N.E.C.

303 CONVERSION TABLE

ISCO 1958 REVISED ISCO Except: Reactor-convertor operator [Included in 7-44] (except petroleum) Mixing-machine operator [Included in 7-41] (chemical and related processes)

8-4TOBACCO PREPARERS AND TOBACCO- PRODUCT MAKERS

8-41Tobacco preparers 7-81Tobacco preparers

8-42Cigar makers 7-82Cigar makers

8-43Cigarette makers 7-83Cigarette makers

8-49Tobacco-product makers N.E.C. 7-89Tobacco preparers and tobacco product makers N.E.C.

8-5CRAFTSMEN AND PRODUCTION-PROCESS WORKERS N.E.C.

8-51Basketry weavers and related workers 9-42t Basketry weavers and brush makers 9-01t Rubber and plastics product makers 8-52Tire builders, vulcanisers and related (except tire makers and tire vulcan- rubber-product makers isers) 9-02 Tire makers and vulcanisers

8-53Plastics-product makers 9-01t Rubber and plastics product makers (except tire makers and tire vulcanisers)

8-54Tanners, fellmongers, pelt dressers 7-61Tanners and fellmongers and related workers 17-62Pelt dressers 8-55Photographic dark-room workers 9-27Photographic dark-room workers

8-56Makers of musical instruments and 9-41Musical instrument makers and tuners related workers

8-57Stone cutters and carvers 8-20Stone cutters and carvers

8-58Paper-product makers 9-10 Paper and paperboard products makers

8-59Miscellaneous craftsmen and pro- J 9-43Non-metallic mineral product makers duction-process workers N.E.C. 1 9-49t Other production and related workers Except: Broom maker (8-59.30) [Included in 9-42] Brush maker, hand (8-59.35) [Included in 9-42] Coil winder, machine (8-59.83) [Included in 8-53] Coil winder, hand (8-59.86) [Included in 8-53]

8-6PACKERS, LABELLERS AND RELATED WORKERS

3-61 Packers, labellers and related workers [Included in 9-71]

304 CONVERSION TABLE

ISCO 1958 REVISED ISCO 8-7STATIONARY-ENGINE AND EXCAVATING AND LIFTING EQUIPMENT OPERATORS AND RELATED WORKERS

8-71Operators of stationary engines and 9-61t Power-generating machinery operators related equipment and boiler firemen 9-691 Stationary engine and related equipment operators N.E.C. 8-72 Crane and hoist operators 9-73t Crane and hoist operators 8-73 Riggers and cable splicers 9-72Riggers and cable splicers 8-74 Earth-moving and related machinery 9-74 Earth-moving and related machinery operators operators 8-75Material-handling-equipment 9-79t Material handling equipment operators operators N.E.C. 8-76Oilers and greasers (stationary en- [Included in 849] gines, motor vehicles and related equipment)

8-8LONGSHOREMEN AND RELATED FREIGHT HANDLERS 8-81Longshoremen and related freight 9-71t Dockers and freight handlers handlers

8-9LABOURERS N.E.C. 8-99Labourers N.E.C. 9-99Labourers N.E.C.

() [VARIOUS MINOR GROUPS] (-) Production supervisors and general 7-00Production supervisors and general foremen 1 foremen

Major Group 9

9-0FIRE FIGHTERS, POLICEMEN, GUARDS AND RELATED WORKERS

9-01Fire-fighters and related workers 5-81Fire-fighters 9-02Policemen and detectives 5-82Policemen and detectives 9-09 Guards and related workers N.E.C. 5-89Protective service workers N.E.C.

9-1HOUSEKEEPERS, COOKS, MAIDS AND RELATED WORKERS 9-11Housekeepers, housekeeping stewards 5-20 Housekeeping and related servicesuper- and matrons visors 5-31Cooks

1 These workers areclassified according to ISCO 1958 in the different residual and other unit groups which refer to the general type of work supervised.

305 CONVERSION TABLE

ISCO 1958 REVISED ISCO 9-19Maids, valets and relatedservice 5-40t Maids and related housekeeping service workers N.E.C. workers N.E.C. Except: Air hostess (9-19.85) [Included in 5-99]

9-2WAITERS, BARTENDERS AND RELATED WORKERS 9-21Waiters, bartenders and related 5-32Waiters, bartenders and related workers workers

9-3 BUILDING CARETAKERS, CLEANERS AND RELATED WORKERS

9-31Building caretakers 5-51Building caretakers 9-32Charworkers, cleaners and related 5-52Charworkers,cleanersandrelated workers workers

9-4 BARBERS, HAIRDRESSERS, BEAUTICIANS AND RELATED WORKERS

9-41Barbers, hairdressers, beauticians and 5-70Hairdressers, barbers, beauticians and related workers related workers

9-5LAUNDERERS, DRY CLEANERS AND PRESSERS 9-51Launderers, dry cleaners and pressers 5-60 Launderers, dry-cleaners and pressers

9-6ATHLETES, SPORTSMEN AND RELATED WORKERS 9-61Athletes, sportsmen and related 1-80Athletes, sportsmen and related workers workers

9-7 PHOTOGRAPHERS AND RELATED CAMERA OPERATORS 9-71Photographers and related camera 1-63Photographers and cameramen operators

9-8EMBALMERS AND UNDERTAKERS 9-81Embalmers and undertakers 5-92 Undertakers and embalmers

9-9SERVICE, SPORT AND RECREATION WORKERS N.E.C. 9-99Service, sport and recreation workers j 5-91t Guides N.E.C. 5-99? Other service workers Except: Companion (9-99.20) [Included in 5-40] Wardrobe mistress, stage and [Included in 540] studio (9-99.40) Mannequin (9-99.30) [Included in 4-51]

306 CONVERSION TABLE

ISCO 1958 REVISED ISCO

Major Group X

X-1 NEW WORKERS SEEKING EMPLOYMENT X-1 NEW WORKERS SEEKING EMPLOYMENT X-19 New workers seeking employment X-10 New workers seeking employment

X-2 WORKERS REPORTING OCCUPATIONS X-2 WORKERS REPORTING OCCUPATIONS UNIDENTIFIABLE OR INADEQUATELY UNIDENTIFIABLE OR INADEQUATELY DESCRIBED DESCRIBED X-29 Workers reporting occupations un- X-20 Workers reporting occupations unidentifiable or inadequately described identifiable or inadequately described

X-3 WORKERS NOT REPORTING ANY X-3 WORKERS NOT REPORTING ANY OCCUPATION OCCUPATION X-39 Workers not reporting any occu- X-30 Workers not reporting any pation occupation

Armed Forces

ARMED FORCES ARMED FORCES

307 EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TITLES

This index shows in alphabetical sequence the following items: (a)titles of the International Standard Classification of Occupations together withcorrespond- ing code numbers, as given in preceding pages (see Classified List of ISCO Titles andCodes). For each of these titles a definition appears in the earlier part of this volume.Minor group titles appear in heavy type, unit group titles in large and small capitals.Titles of ISCO terminating with the words "Not Elsewhere Classified" and those beginning with the word "Other" have been omitted since they would not add to the usefulness of the ExpandedList; (b)titles which are inversions of the above and thus give the same reference in another partof the alphabetical sequence; (c)additional titles, identified by an asterisk.These have been inserted to facilitate the task of the -aser of ISCO in finding out where different occupations have been classifiedin the ISCO system.They do not constitute formal ISCO titles. Where words are repeated in successive entries in the Expanded List, the first twowords (not counting words such as "and", "in" and "of") are replaced by dashes.Words hyphenated count as one word. In different countries the same occupational terms frequently are used to refer todifferent occupational specialisations.Users of ISCO should therefore verify that an occupational title given in the Expanded List is consistent, lu their country, with the type of workdescribed in the ISCO definition bearing the same code number.

A Actor, 1-73.20 ACTORS ANDSTAGE DIRECTORS,1-73 Able seaman, 9-81.30 Actuary, 0-82.50 Abrasive wheel moulder, 8-92.60 *Adding-machine operator, 3-41.30 *Abrasive-coated cloth and paper maker, 9-43.90 *Address list clerk, 3-93.90 Abrasives mixer, 8-99.60 *Addressing-machine operator, 3-99.50 Accordion maker, 9-41.50 *Adjustment clerk, 3-39.40 *- tuner, 9-41.80 *- -, insurance, 3-93.50 Account executive, advertising, 1-99.40 Administration manager, 2-19.40 *Accountancy teacher (third level), 1-31.45 Administrator, government, 2-02.10 Accountant (general), 1-10.10 *Advertisement painter, signwriting, 9-39.50 s-, audit, 1-10.20 Advertising account executive, 1-99.40 *-, cost, 1-10.90 - copywriter, 1-59.50 ACCOUNTANTS, 1-10 *- illustrator, 1-62.20 *Accounting manager, 2-19.50 *- manager, 2-19.90 *Accounting- and calculating-machine *- photographer, 1-63.30 mechanic, 8-49.65 - salesman, 4-42.30 *Accounting-machine operator, 3-41.20 *- teacher (third level), '1-31.90 *Accounts clerk, 3-31.20 *Advocate, 1-21.10 *- payable (or receivable) bookkeeper, 3-31.20 *Aerial erector (radio and television), 8-54.90 *- section supervisor, 3-00.90 *- photographer, 1-63.90 *Acid polisher (glass decorating), 8-94.90 *- ropeway operator, 9-79.90 Acidiser (oil and gas wells), 7-13.70 Aerialist, 1-75.50 Acoustical insulator, 9-56.40 *Aero mechanic (general), 8-44.10 *Acoustics physicist, 0-12.50 Aerodrome construction engineer, 0-22.35 *Acquisitions clerk, library, 3-95.20 *Aerodynamicist, 0-12.20 Acrobat, 1-75.40 *Aerographing decorator, ceramics, 8.95-50 so 309 EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TITLES

Aeronautical engineer, 0.24.60 Analyst, operations research, 0-82.40 - engineering technician, 0-35.30 Analytical chemist, 0-11.50 *Afforestation worker, 6-32.30 Anatomist, 0-52.20 *After-sales service adviser, technical, 4-31.30 *Agricultural adviser, 0-53.60 ANIMAL AND ANIMAL-DRAWN VEHICLEDRIVERS, 9-86 *Animal breeder and raiser, 6-12.40 Agricultural and animal husbandry workers, 6-2 *- ecologist, 0-51.30 *Agricultural bacteriologist, 0-52.50 *- geneticist, 0-52.80 *- economist, 0-90.20 *- histologist, 0-51.30 engineer, 0-29.30 *- husbandry teacher (third level), 1-31.60 *- engineering technician, 0-39.90 41- keeper (zoo), 6-24.90 *- implement smith, 8-31.10 *- noise imitator, 1-79.90 machinery fitter-assembler, 8-41.60 *- pathologist, 0-52.65 - machinery mechanic, 8-49.55 *- physiologist, 0-51.30 *- machinery operator, 6-28.20 - scientist, 0-52.80 - science teacher (second level), 1-32.70 *- skinner, 7-73.90 - - teacher (third level), 1-31.60 *- sticker, 7-73.90 *- scientist, 0-53.20 s- stunner, 7-73.90 *- statistician, 0-81.30 *- taxonomist, 0-51.30 Agronomist, 0-53.20 Animal-drawn vehicle driver (mine and AGRONOMISTS AND RELATEDSCIENTISTS, 0-53 quarry), 9-86.30 *Agronomy teacher (third level), 1-31.60 - - driver (road), 9-86.20 *- technician, 0-54.90 *Animal-train driver, 9-86.90 *Air hostess (aircrew), 5-99.70 Annealer, 7-26.20 *- - (ground), 3-94.90 Annealing furnaceman, glass, 8-93.30 - traffic controller, 3-59.60 Announcer, radio and television, 1-79.20 - transport pilot, 0-41.20 *Anodiser, 7-28.90 - - service supervisor, 3-59.50 *Antenna erector (radio and television), 8-54.90 Air-compressor operator, 9-69.20 Anthropologist, 1-92.40 *Air-conditioning and refrigerating equip- *Anthropology teacher (third level), 1-31.65 ment installer and mechanic, 8-41.80 *Anvil smith (general), 8-31.10 - refrigeration equipment insulator, 9-56.60 Apartment house concierge, 5-51.20 *- engineer, 0-24.80 *- - supervisor, 5-51.20 *- engineering technician, 0-35.50 *Apiarist (working proprietor), 6-12.90 *Air-drill operator (construction), 9-74.90 Apiary worker, 6-29.20 Aircraft accident fire fighter, 5-81.40 *Appeal court judge, 1-22.10 Aircraft and ships' officers, 0-4 *Appeals referee (social security claims),1-29.10 *Aircraft body builder (wood), 9-54.60 *Appliance repairman, electrical, 8-55.70 - cabin attendant, 5-99.70 *Appointments clerk, 3-94.90 *- designer, 0-24.60 Appraiser, 4-43.30 *- dispatcher, 3-59.70 Apprentice - electrician, 8-55.30 See Introduction code to craft learned - engine fitter-assembler, 8-41.20 *Arbitration court judge, 1-22.10 - engine mechanic (general), 8-44.10 *Arboriculturist, 0-53.30 AIRCRAFT ENGINE MECHANICS, 8-44 *Arc-cutting-machine operator, metal, 8-72.90 Aircraft engine service mechanic, 8-44.20 *Archaeologist, 1-92.40 *- fitter-assembler (metal) 8-41.85 *Archaeology teacher (second level), 1-32.40 - joiner, 9-54.60 *- - (third level), 1-31.65 - loader, 9-71.35 *Archbishop, 1-41.20 *- mechanic (hydraulic systems),8-44.90 Architect, buildings, 0-21.20 - pilot (except transport), 0-41.30 -, landscape, 0-21.40 AIRCRAFT PILOTS, NAVIGATORSAND FLIGHT Ill-, naval, 0-24.50 ENGINEERS, 0-41 ARCHITECTS AND TOWN PLANNERS, 0-21 Aircraft pipe and tube fitter, 8-71.40 - rigger, 9-72.40 Architects, engineers and related technicians,0-2/0-3 Architectural draughtsman, 0-32.50 - sheet-metal worker, 8-73.80 *- photographer, 1-63.90 *- stewardess, 5-99.70 *Architecture teacher (third level), 1-31.25 *- upholsterer, 7-96.30 Archivist, 1-91.30 Airframe fitter-assembler, 8-41.85 *Armature builder, 8-51.90 *Airline service mechanic (engines), 8-44.20 *- winder (hand), 8-53.50 *Alcohol distiller, 7-44.90 *- - (machine), 8-53.40 *Almond-grinding-machine operator, 7-79.90 *Armorial designer, 1-62.90 *Almoner, 1-93.20 *Arranger, music, 1-71.30 *Alpine guide, 5-91.90 *Art critic, 1-51.30 *Alteration tailor, 7-91.90 - gallery and museum curator, 1-91.40 *Ambassador, 2-02.10 *- - guard, 5-89.40 *Ambulance driver, 9-85.90 *- - guide, 5-91.30 *- man, 5-99.40 *- teacher (private), 1-61.30 *Anaesthetist, 0-61.20 *- - (second level), 1-32.50 Analyst, market research, 0-90.30 *- - (third level), 1-31.90 310 EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TITLES

*Art-glass setter, 9-57.50 Automotive engineering technician, 0-35.40 *Artificial flower maker, 7-99.90 Auxiliary midwife, 0-74.10 *- insemination technician, 0-54.90 - nurse, 0-72.10 *- inseminator (livestock), 6-24.90 *Aviary keeper (working proprietor), 6-12.90 *- - (poultry), 6-26.90 *Awning maker, 7-99.20 *- limb fitter, 0-79.50 *Axminster weaver, 7-54.60 *- - maker, 842.45 *- stone maker, 9-43.40 Artist, commercial, 1-62.20 B * -, creative (glass and ceramics), 1-61.90 ,display, 1-62.50 Back-end machine operator (paper making), 7-34.30 - , lithographic, 0-32.80 *Back-up man (pipeline construction), 9-5Q 50 ,painter, 1-61.30 *Bacon curer, 7-74.50 *Artist's model, 5-99.90 Bacteriologist, 0-52.50 Asbestos-cement product maker, 9-43.30 BACTERIOLOGISTS, PHARMACOLOGISTS AND *Asphalt blender, 7-45.90 RELATED SCIENTISTS, 0-52 - roofer, 9-53.40 *Bag-making-machine operator, cellophane, 9-10.80 *Asphalt-spreading-machine operator, 9-74.60 *- -, paper, 9-10.70 *Assayer, 0-26.30 *Baggage porter (except hotel), 9-71.90 *Assembler and erector, prefabricated *- - (hotel), 5-99.90 buildings, 9-59.90 *Bagger (hand), 9-71.50 ,electrical equipment, 8-53.20 (machine), 9-71.55 * -, electronic components, 8-53.90 *Bailiff, 5-89.90 - equipment, 8-53.30 *Baker, biscuit, 7-76.90 *-, hearing aids, 8-53.90 ,bread, 7-76.20 ,leather goods, 8-03.60 -, general, 7-76.10 *-, metal products, 8-49.90 *-, pastry, 7-76.30 *-, photographic equipment, 8-42.40 BAKERS, PASTRYCOOKS AND CONFECTIONERY -, plastics products, 9-01.70 MAKERS, 7-76 * -, precision instruments, 8-42.40 *Balancer, scale, 8-42.30 ,rubber goods, 9-01.40 Bale-press operator, 9-71.70 *Assessor (insurance), 4-43.30 *Baler operator (farm), 6-28.20 *Assistant locomotive driver, 9-83.40 *Ballast man (railway), 9-99.10 - railway-engine driver, 9-83.40 *Bailer (thread and yarn), 7-52.90 *Assize judge, 1-22.10 *Ballet arranger, 1-72.20 Astrologer and fortune teller, 1-99.60 *- dancer, 1-72.30 Astronomical scientist 0.13.50 *Ballistician, 0-12.20 *Astrophysidist, 0-13.50 *Ballroom dancer, 1-72.30 *Athlete, 1-80.20 *Band wind-instrument maker (metal), 9-41.40 ATHLETES, SPORTSMEN AND RELATED WORKERS, 1-80 *Band leader, 1-71.35 *Athletic coach, 1-80.30 Band-saw operator, 7-32.30 *Atomic physicist, 0-12.80 *Band-sawyer (precision), 8-12.20 *Attorney, 1-21.10 *Bander, ceramics decorating, 8-95.90 *Auction clerk, 3-31.90 *Bandmaster, 1-71.35 Auctioneer, 4-43.20 Bank teller, 3-31.40 AUCTIONEERS, 4-43 *Banker mason (stoneworking), 8-20.20 *Audio operator, radio and television *Banksman, mine, 9-73.45 broadcasting, 8-61.30 *Banquet waiter, 5-32.30 *Audio-visual aid specialist, teaching, 1-39.30 *Bar extruder operator (metal), 7-27.50 - and other teaching aid specialist, 1-39.30 *- mill roller, 7-22.20 *Audiometric technician, 0-79.90 Barber-hairdresser, 5-70.30 *Audit clerk, 3-31.90 *Barge builder (wood), 9-54.50 Auditor, 1-10.20 *- superintendent, 3-59.90 Author, 1-51.20 *Bargeman, 9-81..90 AUTHORS AND cantors, 1-51 *Baritone, 1-71.45 Authors, journalists and related writers, 1-5 *Barkeeper (working proprietor), 5-10.50 *Auto-body repairer, 8-73.70 *Barman, 5-32.50 *Autoclave operator (chemical and related *Barometer maker, 842.30 processes), 7-42.90 *Barrel maker, 8-19.30 *- (foodstuffs), 7-74.20 *Banister, 1-21.10 *- - (oils and fats), 7-79.30 *Banister's clerk, 3-93.40 AUTOMATIC DATA-PROCESSING MACHINE Bartender, 5-32.50 OPERATORS, 3-42 *Bascule-bridge operator, 9-73.55 Automatic transfer-machine operator, 8-34.80 Basket maker, 942.20 *Automobile engineer, 0-24.70 *Basket-furniture maker, 9 42.50 - mechanic, 843.20 BASKETRY WEAVERS AND BRUSH MAKERS, 9-42 - painter, 9-39.60 *Bass singer, 1-71.45 *- painter (motor-vehicle assembly), 9-39.90 Batch-still operator (chemical processes, *Automobile upholsterer, 7-96.30 except petroleum), 7-44.20

311 EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TITLES

Bath attendant, 5-70.70 BLEACHERS, DYERS AND TEXTILE PRODUCT *Battery poultryman (working proprietor), 6-12.60 FINISHERS, 7-56 *Beach guard, 5-89.90 Blender (petroleum refining), 7-45.60 *Bead builder, tire-making, 9-02.90 *-, asphalt, 7-45.90 Beam warper, 7-54.15 -, coffee, 7-77.30 *Reamer helper, 7-54.90 *-, fibre, 7-51.25 *Beater (game), 6-49.90 snuff, 7-89.20 - operator (paper pulp), 7-33.60 -, tea, 7-77.40 Beautician, 5-70.40 -, tobacco, 7-81.30 *Bedder, pottery and porcelain, 8-93.90 *-, wine, 7-78.90 *Bedding maker, 7-96.90 *Blending-machine operator (chemical and Beef cattle farm worker, 6-24.20 related processes), 741.40 *Beekeeping worker, 6-29.20 *- - (textile fibres), 7-51.25 *Bellboy, 5-99.90 Blind, teacher of the, 1-35.20 *Bellows maker, organ, 941.60 *Block chopper, 7-12.20 *Bellyman, piano-making, 941.70 *- engraver, printing (wood, rubber or linoleum), Bench carpenter, 9-54.70 9-24.30 *- joiner, 9-54.70 - printer, 9-29.40 - moulder (metal), 7-25.20 *Blocker, hat, 7-93.30 *Bender and turner, ship frame, 8-74.90 *Blood-bank technician, 0-54.30 - , glass tube, 8-91.80 *Blooming-mill roller, 7-22.20 *-, metal plate, 8-74.90 *Blouse maker (throughout), 7-91.90 *-, wood, 8-19.90 *Blowing-machine operator, fur fibre treating, 7-59.45 *Bending-machine operator, paper-box, 9-10.50 *Blubber stripper, 649.40 *Bending-press operator, metal, 8-39.70 Bluer, metal, 7-29.20 *Berthing man, dock, 9-89.90 *Boarding-house manager, 5-00.90 *Bespoke shoemaker, 8-01.10 *Boat dispatcher, 3-59.90 *- tailor, 7-91.20 *- loader (except liquids and gases), 9-71.20 Bessemer furnaceman (steel converting), 7-21.50 - loader Iliquids and gases), 9-71.40 *Reveller, glass, 8-91.64 Boatbuilder, wooden, 9-54.50 *Bicycle repairman, 8-49.75 *Boatman, 9-81.90 *Bill clerk, 3-39.90 Boatswain, 9-81.20 *Billboard erector, 9-54.90 *Bobbin stripper, 7-54.90 *Billet mill roller, 7-22.20 *Body builder, aircraft (wood), 9-54.60 *Billiards player and teacher, 1-80.90 - -, coach (wood), 8-19.20 *Billposter, 5-99.90 *- repairman, vehicles, 8-73.70 Biochemist, 0-52.30 *Bodyguard, 5-89.90 *Biographer, 1-51.20 *Boiler (chemical and related processes), 7-42.20 Biological technician, 0-54.20 *- (sugar confectionery), 7-76.60 Biologist (general), 0-51.10 - and pipe insulator, 9-56.50 *-, fresh-water, 0-51.90 - fireman, 9-69.30 *-, marine, 0-51.90 *Boilermaker, 8-73.50 Broworrs, ZOOLOGISTS AND RELATED *Boilerman (paper pulp making), 7-33.40 SCIENTISTS, 0-51 Boilersmith, 8-73.50 *Biology teacher (second level), 1-32.30 *Bolt header, 8-39.90 *- - (third level), 1-31.30 *Bond clerk, 3-39.40 *Biometrician, 0-81.30 *- salesman, 4-41.40 *Biophysicist, 0-52.90 *Bone carver, 9-49.90 *Biostatistician, 0-81.30 *Boner, fish, 7-79.40 *Biscuit maker, 7-76.90 *-, meat, 7-73.90 *- placer (ceramics), 8-93.90 *Bonus clerk (payroll), 3-39.30 *Biscuit-kiln fireman (pottery and poruclain), 8-93.50 *Book critic, 1-51.30 *- fireman (tile), 8-93.60 - editor, 1-59.45 *Bishop, 141.20 - embosser (hand), 9-26.40 - embosser (machine), 9-26.50 *Bituminous *paving-machine operator, 9-74.60 * -- finisher, 9-26.40 Black-and-white developer, 9-27.30 *- illustrator, 1-62.20 Blacksmith (general), 8-31.10 *Book-loan clerk, 3-95.20 *Blacksmith's striker, 8-31.90 *Book-sewing-machine operator, 9-26.30 BLACKSMITHS, HAMMERSMITHS AND FORGING- Bookbinder (hand), 9-26.20 PRES:I OPERATORS, 8-31 - (machine), 9-26.30 Blacksmiths, toolmakers and machine-tool BOOKBINDERS AND RELATED WORKERS, 9-26 operators, 8-3 *Booking clerk, travel agency, 3-94.40 *Blancher (nuts), 7-79.90 *Booking -office cashier, 3-31.60 Blast furnaceman (ore smelting), 7-21.20 Bookkeeper (general), 3-31.10 *Blaster (mine and quarry), 7-11.50 *-, accounts payable (or receivable), 3-31.20 Bleacher operator (paper making), 7-33.50 *-, discount, 3-31.20 - -, chemicals, 749.15 BOOKKEEPERS AND CASHIERS, 3-31 -, textile, 7-56.15 Bookkeepers, cashiers and related workers, 3-3

312 EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TITLES

BOOKKEEPING ANDCALCULATING MACHINE OPERATORS, BROADCASTING STATION OPERATORS, 8-61 341 *Broker, commodity (working proprietor), 4-10.20 Bookkeeping clerk, 3-31.20 *-, insurance, 4-41.20 - machine operator, 341.20 *-, stocks and shares, 4-41.40 Bookmaker (sport), 5-99.20 *Broker's clerk, insurance, 3-93.50 *Bookmaker's clerk, 3-31.90 *Brokerage clerk, 3-39.40 *Borer, well (except oil and gas), 7-13.80 Broom maker (hand), 942.40 Boring-machine operator, 8-34.50 *- - (machine), 9-42.90 *- - (woodworking), 8-12.90 Brush maker (hand), 9-42.30 - setter-operator, 8-33.50 *- - (machine), 9-42.90 Botanist, 0-51.20 Brush-painter (except construction), 9-39.20 *Botany teacher (second level), 1-32.30 *-, buildings, 9-31.20 *- - (third level), 1-31.30 *Bucker (logging), 6-31.20 *Bottle sorter, 9-99.10 *Budder and grafter (fruit trees), 6-23.90 *- washer (machine), 9-71.55 *- - (nursery), 6-27.30 *Bottle-making machine operator, 8-91.28 Budgeting and accounting manager, 2-19.50 *Bottler (hand), 9-71.50 *Buffer, metalworking (hand), 8-35.90 *- (machine), 9-71.55 *- plastics, 9-01.90 *Bottom polisher, 8-02.55 Buffing- and polishing-machine operator, *- scourer, 8-02.55 8-35.20 *- stainer, 8-02.55 *Buffmg-machine operator, leather, 7-61.90 Box maker, paper (hand), 9-10.20 Builder, house (general), 9-59.10 *Box-making machine operator (paper boxes),9-10.30 Building architect, 0-21.20 *Box-office cashier, 3-31.60 BUILDING CARETAKERS, 5-51 *Boxer (hand packing), 9-71.50 Building caretakers, charworkers, cleaners and related *Boxer (machine), 9-71.55 workers, 5-5 *Boxer (professional sport), 1-80.20 Building construction engineer, 0-22.20 *Brace maker (orthopaedic), 8-42.45 - electrician, 8-55.20 *Bracer (construction), 9-59.90 *- electrician (maintenance), 8-55.60 Braid maker (hand), 7-59.20 - exterior cleaner, 9-59.75 - (machine), 7-59.25 - glazier, 9-57.20 *Braille duplicating-machine operator, 9-22.90 - insulator (hand), 9-56.20 *- machine operator (plate preparer), 9-21.90 - - (machine), 9-56.30 *Brake repairman, 8-43.90 - maintenance man, 9-59.20 Brakeman, mine and quarry, 9-84.50 - painter, 9-31.20 -, railway (freight train), 9-84.20 *- repairman, 9-59.20 *-, - yard, 9-84.40 *Bulb grower, 6-12.70 *Brander, goods (machine), 9-71.60 *Balker, tobacco, 7-81.30 *Brass band musical instrument maker, 941.40 Bulldozer, Brazer, 8-72.45 operator, 9-74.30 *-, flame, 8-72.45 *- smith, 8-31.40 Burner, charcoal, 7-49.30 *-, induction, 8-72.45 *-, chemical and related processes, 7-42.40 Bread baker, 7-76.20 *-, coke production, 7-49.20 Breeders -, lead, 8-72.40 See Farmers, 6.1 *Burnisher, ceramics decorating, 8-95-90 BREWERS, WINE AND BEVERAGEMAKERS, 7-78 *-, metalworking (hand), 8=35.90 *Brewery technologist, 0-29.40 *-, metalworking (machine), 8-35.20 *Brewmaster, 7-00.65 *-, uppers preparing, 8-02.30 Brick and tile kilnman, 8-93.60 Bus conductor, 3-60.40 - moulder (hand), 8-92.40 *- dispatcher, 3-59.40 Bricklayer (chimney building), 9-51.25 *- driver, 9-85.40 - (construction), 9-51.20 *-, firebrick, 9-51.30 *- mechanic, 843.90 *Business efficiency expert, 0-28.10 Briedayers, carpenters and other construction *- intelligence archivist, 1-91,90 workers, 9-5 *- machine mechanic, 8-49.65 BRICKLAYERS, STONEMASONS AND TILESETTERS, 9-51 *- management teacher, 1-31.45 *Bricklaying, teacher of, 1-32.80 - services salesman (except advertising), 4-42.20 *Bridge cable worker, 9-72.60 BUSINESS SERVICES SALESMEN, 4-42 - construction engineer, 0-22.45 Butcher, fish, 7-79.40 *- operator, 9-73.55 -, general, 7-73.10 *- player and teacher, 1-80.90 *-, pork, 7-73.90 Bridge- or gantry-crane operator, 9-73.20 *-, retail trade, 7-73.30 *Briner (foodstuffs), 7-74.50 BUTCHERS AND MEAT PREPARERS, 7-73 *Briquette moulding-machine operator, 7-12.90 *Butler, 5-20.90 *Broadcasting equipment operator, radio and Butter maker, 7-75.30 television studio (except sound recording), 8-61.30 *- moulder, 7-75.90 *- field equipment operator, 8-61.90 *Button maker, 9-49.90 Broadcasting station and sound-equipment operators and Buyer, 4-22.20 cinema projectionists, 8-6 Bums, 4-22

313 EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TITLES

C *Card changer (textile weaving), 7-53.20 - cutter, jacquard, 7-53.50 *Cab driver, 9-85.30 - grinder, textile, 8-35.60 *Cabin steward, aircraft, 5-99.70 *- lacer, jacquard, 7-53.90 *- -, ship,5-40.60 *Card-sorting machine operator, 3-42.30 Cabinetmaker, 8-11.20 *Card-to-tape converter operator, 3-42.90 CABINETMAKERS, 8-11 Cardboard lining-machine operator, 9-10.40 Cabinetmakers and related woodworkers, 8-1 Cardboard-press operator, 9-10.60 Cable and rope splicer (general), 9-72.10 Carder, fibre, 7-51.35 *Cable car conductor, 3-60.90 *Carding-machine operator (textile fibres), 7-51.35 *- - operator, 9-79.90 *Cardiologist, 0-61.20 Cable driller (oil and gas wells), 7-13.40 *Careers adviser, 1-94.30 *- jointer (electric cables), 8-57.50 *Caretaker and cleaner, building, 5-51.30 *- maker, 8-39.90 *Cargo superintendent, 3-59.90 *- puller (cable laying), 9-59.90 *Caricaturist, 1-61.40 - worker, suspension bridge, 9-72.60 *Carnation grower, 6-12.70 *Cable-ship hand, 9-81.90 *Carpenter and joiner (second fixing), 9-54.20 *Cableman, electric power (overhead), 8-57.20 -, bench, 9-54.70 *-, - power (underground), 8-57.90 *-, bridge and wharf, 9-54.90 *-, - traction (overhead), 8-57.30 -, construction, 9-54.15 *-, telephone and telegraph, 8-57.40 *-, first fixing, 9-54.15 *Cadastral surveyor, 0-31.20 -, general, 9-54.10 *Café keeper (working proprietor), 5-10.50 *-, maintenance, 9-54.90 *- manager, 5-00.90 -, ship's, 9-54.55 *Cafeteria keeper (working proprietor), 5-10.90 *-, shuttering, 9-52.20 *- manager, 5-00.90 -, stage and studio, 9-54.30 *Cage driver, mine, 9-73.40 CARPENTERS, JOINERS, AND PARQUETRY WORKERS, 9-54 Cageman, mine, 9-73.45 *Carpet cleaner, 5-60.90 *Calciner (chemical and related processes), 742.40 *- maker (hand knotting), 7-99.90 Calculating-machine operator, 341.30 - weaver (hand), 7-54.55 Calender operator, rubber, 9-01.25 - - (machine), 7-54.60 - -, textile, 7-56.70 Cartographical draughtsthan, 0-32.60 *Calenderer (laundry), 5-60.90 *Carton and paper-box maker (hand), 9-10.20 *Calibrator, precision instruments, 842.30 *-- - maker (machine), 9-10.30 *Camel-train driver, 9-86.90 Cartoonist, 1-61.40 Camera operator, motion picture, 1-63.60 Cartwright, 8-19.25 - television, 1-63.70 *Carver, ivory, plastics or bone, 9-49.90 *- repairman, 8-42.35 -, stone (hand), 8-20.70 *Camera-control operator, television broad- -, wood, 8-19.45 casting, 8-61.30 *Carving-machine operator (woodworking), 8-12.80 Cameraman, photogravure, 9-25.20 Case hardener, 7-26.40 *Camp supervisor, 5-20.90 *Casein worker, 7-75.90 *Camping site manager, 5-00.90 *Caser (oil and gas wells), 7-13.90 Candle maker, 9-49.60 *Caseworker, social welfare, 1-93.20 *Cane furniture maker, 9-42.50 Cash desk cashier, 3-31.60 *Cannery hand (food preparation), 7-74.90 *Cash-accounting clerk, 3-31.30 *Canteen assistant, 5-32.90 Cashier, cash desk, 3-31.60 *- keeper (working proprietor), 5-10.90 *-, change-booth, 3-39.90 *- manager, 5-00.90 *-, currency exchange, 3-31.50 Canvasser, 4-52.30 -, office, 3-31.30 *Cap maker, 7-93.90 *Casing puller (oil and gas wells), 7-13.60 *Capper and sealer (machine), 9-71.55 *Cask maker, 8-19.30 *Capstan-lathe operator, metalworking, 8-34.20 Cast-concrete product maker, 9 -43.20 *- setter-operator, 8-33.20 Cast-stone maker, 9-43.40 *Captain, aircraft (air transport), 0-41.20 *Caster, electrotype, 9-23.30 *-, ship (inland waterways), 0-42.20 metal, 7-24.20 *- -(sea),0-42.15 -, pottery and porcelain (hand), 8-92.35 *Car-delivery driver, 9-85.90 *-, stereotype, 9-23,20 . *Caravan park keeper (working proprietor), 5-10.90 Casting finisher, 7-29.30 *- - manager, 5-00.90 Casting-machine operator, centrifugal, 7-24.30 *Carbon-coating-machine operator (paper *- -, continuous, 7-24.90 making), 7-34.90 - -, die, 7-24.40 Carbonation man (sugar refining), 7-72.40 *- -, plastic goods, 9-01.90 *Carboniser (metal treating), 7-26.40 *- -, printing type, 9-21.40 -, wool, 7-56.45 *Casual farm worker (general), 6-21.10 *Carcass splitter, 7-73.90 *Cattle drover, 6-24.90 *- washer, 7-73.90 *- raiser, 6-12.40 Card- and tape-punching machine operator, 3-22.20 *- station worker, 6-24.20 CARD- AND TAPE-PUNCHING MACHINE OPERATORS, 3-22 *Cellarman, 5-99.90

314 EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TITLES

*Cellist, 1-71.40 Chemist, analytical, 0-11.50 Cellophane-bag maker (machine), 9-10.80 -, general, 0-11.10 Cement finisher, 9-52.40 -, inorganic, 0-11.30 Cementer (oil and gas wells), 7-13.50 -, organic, 0-11.20 *Cementer (uppers preparing), 8-02.30 *-, pharmaceutical, 0-11.90 *Censor (government administration), 3-10.10 -, physical, 0-11.40 *Centre-lathe operator (metalworking), 8-34.20 *Chemistry teacher (second level), 1-32.30 *- setter-operator, 8-33.20 *- - (third level), 1-31.20 *Centre less grinding-machine operator - technician, 0-14.20 (metalworking), 8-34.65 CHEICS1S, 0-11 *- - setter-operator (metalworking), 8-33.70 *Chess player and teacher, 1-80.90 Centrifugal casting-machine operator, 7-24.30 *Chewing-gum maker, 7-76.90 Centrifugal separator operator, 7-43.40 *Chicken farmer, 6-12.60 *Centrifuge operator (sugar refining), 7-72.90 *Chief clerk, general office, 3-00.10 Ceramics and glass technologist, 0-29.20 - engineer, ship, 0-43.15 - decorator, 8-95.40 *- justice, 1-22.10 - dipper, 8-95.60 *- steward (hotel), 5-20.40 - painter, 8-95.30 - - (ship), 5-20.50 - spray-painter, 8-95.50 *Child care inspector, 1-93.90 *- technician, 0-39.90 *- welfare caseworker, 1-93.20 *Chain maker, precious metal, 8-80.90 *Children's nurse-governess, 5-40.35 *Chain-store manager, 4-00.30 *Chimney engineer, 0-22.90 *Chainman (surveying), 9-99.10 *- repairman, 9-59.30 *Chair-lift operator, 9-79.90 - sweep, 5-52.40 *Chair-side attendant, dental, 5-99A0 Chipperman, 7-33.30 *Chairmaker, 8-11.90 *Chiropodist, 0-79.90 Chambermaid, 5-40.50 *Chiropractics teacher, 1-31.75 *Champagne maker, 7-78.90 Chiropractor, 0-79.30 *Change-booth cashier, 3-39.90 *Chlorine-gas maker, 7-49.90 *Chmmeller, sole, 8-02.40 Chocolate maker, 7-76.50 *Channelling-machine operator, 7-11.20 *Choirmaster, 1-71.50 *Chaplain, 1-41.20 Choreographer, 1-72.20 *Char-kiln tender (chemical and related CHOREOGRAPHERS AND DANCERS, 1-72 processes), 7-42.40 *Chorus dancer, 1-72.30 *Character actor, 1-73.20 *- master, 1-71.50 Charcoal burner, 7-49.30 *Chronometer assembler, 8-42.20 *Charge nurse, 0-71.10 *Church janitor, 5-51.40 *Chargeman, blasting (mine and quarry), 7-11.50 *Chum operator (butter making), 7-75.30 *Charger, furnace (metal melting and *- - (margarine), 7-79.90 reheating), 7-23.90 Cigar maker (hand), 7-82.20 *-, - (ore smelting and refining), 7-21.90 - - (machine), 7-82.30 *Chartered accountant, 1-10.10 CIGAR MAKERS, 7-82 Charworker, 5-52.20 *Cigar packer, 7-82.90 CHARWORKERS, CLEANERS AND RELATED WORKERS, 5-52 *- presser, 7-82.90 *Chauffeur, private motor-car, 9-85.90 *- sorter, 7-82.90 *Check pilot, 0-41.60 *Cigarette maker (hand), 7-83.90 *Check-out cashier (self-service store), 3-31.60 - - (machine), 7-83.20 *Checker, quality inspection, 9-49.80 CIGARETTE MAKERS, 7-83 *Checkweiglnan, 3-91.50 *Cigarette-machine catcher, 7-83.90 Cheese maker, 7-75.40 Cinema projectionist, 8-62.40 *- moulder, 7-75.90 *Cinematographer, 1-63.60 *- salter, 7-75.90 *Circuit judge, 1-22.10 *Chef de cuisine, 5-31.20 *Circular knitter, 7-55.20 *- - partie, 5-31.30 * -- sawyer (precision), 8-12.20 Chemical bleacher operator, 7-49.15 CIRCUS PERFORMERS, 1-75 Chemical engineer (general), 0-25.10 *Citrus fruit farm hand, 6-23.20 - - (petroleum), 0-25.20 *City administrator, 2-02.10 - engineering technician (general), 0-36.10 *- editor, 1-59.25 - - technician (petroleum), 0-36.20 *Civil defence officer, 3-10.10 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TECHNICIANS, 0-36 *- engineer (aerodrome construction), 0-22.35 CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, 0-25 *- - (bridge construction), 0-22.45 Chemical processer (radioactive materials), 7-49.40 *- - (building construction), 0-22.20 Chemical processers and related workers, 7-4 - - (general), 0-22.10 *Chemical reactor operator, 7-44.40 *- - (highway and street construction), 0-22.30 *Chemicals cooker, 7-42.20 *- - (hydraulic), 0-22.55 *- crusher operator, 7-41.20 *- - (railway construction), 0-22.40 *- miller, 7-41.30 *- - (sanitary), 0-22.50 *- mixing-machine operator, 7-41.40 *- - (soil mechanics), 0-22.60 *- roaster, 7-42.30 *- - (tunnel construction), 0-22.90

315 EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TITLES

Civil engineering draughtsman, 0-32.40 *Cloakroom attendant, 5-99.90 - technician (general), 0-33.10 Clock and watch assembler, 8-42.20 CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNICIANS, 0-33 - - repairer, 8-42.25 CIVIL ENGINEERS, 0-22 *Clock-case maker, 8-11.90 *Civil lawyer, 1-21.10 *Clog maker, 8-19.90 s- service commissioner, 2-02.10 *Cloth calenderer, 7-56.70 *- - inspector, 3-10.10 *- doffer, 7-54.90 *Claims adjuster, 4-43.30 *- examiner, 7-54.70 s- attorney (insurance), 1:-29.10 *- washer, 7-56.35 s- clerk, insurance, 3-93.50 *- waterproofer, 7-56.60 s- inspector, 4-43.30 - weaver, hand, 7-54.30 *Clamp man (pipeline construction), 9-59.50 *- -, jacquard loom, 7-54.45 *Clarifier operator (sugar refining), 7-72.90 - -, machine, except jacquard loom, 7-54.40 *-, wine, 7-78.90 Clown, 1-75.20 *Classer, pelt, 7-62.20 *Club leader, 1-93.30 *-, skin and hide, 7-61.20 *Co-ordinating clerk, production planning, 3-92.30 *-, textile fibres, 7-51.15 *Coach driver, 9-85.40 *Classification clerk, 3-95.30 *- trimmer, 7-96.30 *Classifier (laundry), 5-60.90 -, sports, 1-80.30 Clay extruding-press operator, 8-92.55 Coach-body builder, 8-19.20 - mixer, 8-99.30 *Coagulator, latex, 7-49.90 s- pugman, 8-99.90 *Coal-crusher operator, 7-12.30 - slip maker, 8-99.40 *Coal-cutting-machine operator, 7-11.20 s- wedger, 8-99.90 Coal-gas maker, 7-49.25 *Cleaner, aircraft, 5-52.90 Coal-mining engineer, 0-27.20 -, building exteriors, 9-59.75 *- technician, 0-38.90 *-, bus, 5-52.90 *Coastguard, 5-89.90 *-, factory, 9-99.10 Coating-machine operator, paper, 7-34.50 *-, flue, 5-52.40 *- -, rubber, 9-01.90 -, metal, 7-29.40 *- -, tablets and pills, 7-49.90 *-, office, 5-52.20 - -, wire, 7-28.40 *-, park, 9-99.10 *Cobbler, 8-01.30 *-, railway carriage, 5-52.90 *Cocoa grinder, 7-77.90 -, window, 5-52.30 *- grower, 6-12.30 *Clearer (land), 9-99.10 Cocoa-bean roaster, 7-77.60 *Clerical assistant, 3-99.90 *Coconut grower, 6-12.30 - supervisor (general), 3-00.10 Coding clerk (data-processing), 3-99.30 CLERICAL SUPERVISORS, 3-00 Coffee and tea taster, 7-77.20 *Clerk of court, 3-93.40 - blender, 7-77.30 - of works, 0-33.40 *- farm worker, 6-23.90 *-, accounts, 3-31.20 - grinder, 7-77.90 *-, audit, 3-31.90 *- grower, 6-12.30 -, bookkeeping, 3-31.20 - roaster, 7-77.50 -, correspondence, 3-93.20 *- taster, 7-77.20 -, dispatching and receiving, 3-91.20 *Coffin maker, 8-19.90 -, filing, 3-95.30 *Cogging-mill roller, 7-22.20 *-, finance, 3-39.40 Coil winder (hand), 8-53.50 -, general, office, 3-93.10 - - (machine), 8-53.40 -, insurance, 3-93.50 Coke burner, 7-49.20 -, legal, 3-93.40 Cold-roller (steel), 7-22.40 -, library, 3-95.20 *Cold-storage porter, 9-71.45 -, mail sorting, 3-70.20 *Collar maker (horse), 8-03.90 -, material planning, 3-92.20 *Collateral clerk, 3 -39.40 -, personnel, 3-93.30 *Collating-machine operator (bookbinding), 9-26.30 -, post office counter, 3-31.70 *Collator, hand (bookbinding), 9-26.20 -, production planning, 3-92.30 *Collection man (coin machines and meters), 3-31.60 -, statistical, 3-99.20 Colour developer, 9-27.20 -, stock records, 3-91.30 *- duster, ceramics decorating, 8-95.90 -, storeroom, 3-91.40 *- television broadcasting-equipment operator, 8-61.90 *-, travel reservations, 3-94.40 *Colour-printer operator (photography), 9-27.40 -, wages, 3-39.30 *Columnist, 1-59.15 Clicker cutter (machine), 8-02.20 Comber, fibre, 7-51.45 *Clicking-machine operator, 8-02.20 *Combine operator, 6-28.20 *Climatologist, 0-13.40 *Combiner operator (paper making), 7 -34.90 *Climber (logging), 6-31.30 *Combing-machine operator (textile fibres), 7-51.45 *Clinical pathologist, 0-52.60 *Comic actor, 1-73.20 *- psychologist, 1-92.30 *-, circus, 1-75.20 *Clipper (mine), 7-11.90 *Commentator, extempore, 1-59.90 *Clipping-machine operator (veneer cutting), 7-32.40 *Commerce teacher (third level), 1-31.45

316 EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TITLES

Commercial and secretarial teacher (second Confectionery maker, 7-76.60 level), 1-32.60 a- mixer (flour), 7-76.30 Commercial artist, 1-62.20 *Congressman, 2-01.10 COMMERCIAL ARTISTS AND DESIGNERS, 1-62 *Conjuror, 1-75.30 *Commercial manager (manufacturing or mining *Console operator, electronic data-processing, 3-42.20 company), 2-19.30 *Constable, 5-82.20 *- photographer, 1-63.30 Construction carpenter, 9-54.15 - traveller, 4-32.20 *- estimator (civil engineering), 0-33.20 COMMERCIAL TRAVELLERS AND MANUFACTURERS' *- inspector, 0-33.90 AGENTS, 4-32 - joiner, 9-5420 *Commission agent, commodity auctions, 4-43.20 a- machinery mechanic, 8-49.60 *Commissioner of inland revenue, 2-02.10 a- technology teacher, 1-31.80 *Committee executive secretary (government), 3-10.10 Constructional steel erector, 8-74.40 *Commodity broker (working proprietor), 4-10.20 *Consul-general, 2-02.10 *Community centre warden, 1-93.30 *Consular official, 3-10.10 *- development teacher, 1-31.40 *Container-filler (machine), 9-71.55 *Commutator builder, 8-51.90 Continuity and script editor, 1-59.40 Companion, 5-40.40 *- writer, 1-59.90 *Company accountant, 1-10.10 *Continuous casting-machine operator, 7-24.90 *- chairman, 2-11.10 - mill roller (steel), 7-22.30 *- director, 2-11.10 - mining-machine operator,7-11.40 Compere, 1-79.30 *- painting-machine operator, 9-39.90 Composer, 1-71.20 rod-casting machine operator (non-ferrous Composers and performing artists, 1-7 metal), 7-24.50 COMPOSERS, MUSICIANS AND SINGERS, 1-71 sugar-refining machine operator, 7-72.60 *Composing-machine operator (linotype) 9-21.30 Continuous-still operator (chemical processes, Composition roofer, 9-53.30 except petroleum), 7-44.30 - the layer, 9-59.70 *Contortionist, 1-75.40 Compositor, hand, 9-21.20 *Contralto, 1-71.45 COMPOSITORS AND TYPE-SETTERS, 9-21 *Control clerk, stock, 3-91.30 *Compounder, chemical and related processes, 7-41.40 *Control-room technician, radio and television a-, petroleum refining, 7-45.60 broadcasting, 8-61.30 rubber, 9-01.20 Controller, air traffic, 3-59.60 *---, wine, 7-78.90 *-, train, 3-59.25 Compression-moulding-machine operator, Controlman (petroleum refining), 7-45.50 plastics, 9-01.55 *Converter operator (chemical processes, except Compressor operator (air), 9-69.20 petroleum), 7-44.40 - (gas), 9-69.25 *Conveyancing clerk, 3-93.40 *Comptometer operator, 3-41.30 *Conveyer operator, 9-79.90 *Computer applications engineer, 0-82.30 Cook, except private service, 5-31.30 a- mechanic, 8-52.40 -, fish-preserving,7-74.15 a- operator, electronic data processing, 3-42.20 ,head, 5-3120 - programmer, 0-84.20 *-, meat-preserving, 7-74.10 a- programming teacher, 1-31.90 ,preserving (general), 7-74.10 *- systems engineer, 0-23.90 -, private service, 5-31.40 a-- systems technician, 0-34.90 41-, sauces and condiments preserving, 7-74.90 *Computing-machine operator, 3-41.30 -, ship's, 5-31.50 *Concert singer, 1-71.45 41-, special diets, 5-31.90 *Concher (chocolate making), 7-76.50 -, sterilising,7-74.20 Concierge, apartment house, 5-51.20 41-, work camp, 5-31.90 -, hotel, 5-40.55 Cooker, chemical and related processes, 7-42.20 *Conciliator, labour-management relations, 1-94.20 -, malt, 7-78.30 *Concrete curer, 9-52.90 COOKERS, ROASTERS AND RELATED HEAT TREATERS, 7-42 a.- finisher, 9-52.40 Coon, 5-31 a- finishing-machine operator (road Cooks, waiters, bartenders and related workers, 5-3 paving), 9-74.55 *Cooler operator (dairy products), 7-75.90 - mixing-plant operator, 9-74.75 *Cooling-plant operator, 9-69.70 - paving-machine operator, 9-74.55 Cooper, 8-19.30 a- product caster, 9-43.20 *Copper floatation man, 7-12.60 a- reinforcing-iron worker, 9-52.30 Coppersmith, 8-73.30 - shutterer, 9-52.20 *Copra producer (plantation), 6-12.30 Concrete-mixer operator, 9-74 70 *Copy typist, 3-21.40 *Concreter, reinforced concrete (general), 9-52.10 Copywriter, advertising, 1-59.50 Conditioner operator, tobacco, 7-81.40 a-, publicity, 1-59.60 Conductor, bus, 3-60.40 *-, technical, 1-59.65 -, orchestra and band, 1-71.35 *Copying-machine operator, pattern cards, 7-53.90 -, vocal group, 1-71.50 Copyist, jacquard design, 7-53.40 Cone operator (mine), 7-12.80 *Core builder, 8-51.90 Coner (hat forms), 7-59.50 *- sampler, 7-11.90

317 EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TITLES

*Core-blower operator, 7-25.60 *Crusher operator (minerals), 7-12.30 Core-laying-machine operator (plywood CRUSHERS, GRINDERS AND MIXERS, 7-41 manufacture), 7-32.50 *Cryogenic engineer, 0-24.90 Coremaker (hand), 7-25.50 *Crystal glass cutter (decorative), 8-94.20 - (machine), 7-25.60 Crystalliser operator (sugar refining), 7-72.50 *Cork bark stripper, 6-32.90 *Crystallographer, 0-11.40 *Cork-rounding-machine operator, 9-49.90 Culture centre worker, 1-93.30 *Com miller, 7-71.20 *Cultureman, dairy, 7-75.90 *Coro nor, 3-10.10 Cupola furnaceman, 7-23.30 CORRESPONDENCE AND REPjRTING CLERKS, 3-93 *Curate, 1-41.20 Correspondence clerk, 3-93.20 Curator, art gallery and museum, 1-91.40 *Correspondent (newspaper, journal), 1-59.15 *Curer, fish, 7-74.50 *Corrosion chemist, 0-11.40 *-, meat, 7-74.50 *Corrugating-machine operator (paper making), 7-34.90 Currier, leather, 7-61.50 *Corset maker (throughout), 7-91.90 *Customer-service engineer or technical adviser, 4-31.30 *Cosmetologist, 5-70.40 *Customs and excise officer, 3-10.10 *Cost and works accountant, 1-10.90 *Cut-off-saw operator (barrel staves), 7-32.90 - computing clerk, 3-39.20 Cutlery and tool grinder (except machine tools), 8-35.40 *- estimator (civil engineering), 0-33.20 Cutter and polisher, gems, 8-80.30 *- section supervisor, 3-00.90 *-, crystal glass, 8-94.20 Cotton farm worker, 6-22.40 *-, electric arc, 8-72.90 *Cotton picker, 6-22.90 41-, fish, 7-79.40 *Councillor, government, 2-01.10 - , flame (hand), 8-72.50 *Counter clerk, post office, 3-31.70 ,flame metal-cutting machine, 8-72.55 *County court judge, 1-22.10 - , fur, 7-92.50 *Coupler, railway yard, 9-84.40 *---, garments (except leather or fur), 7-94.50 *Courrier, travel, 5-91.20 - , glass, 8-91.56 *Court reporter, 3-21.30 ,gloves (except leather), 7-94.70 *Covering -machine operator (bookbinding), 9-26.30 -, gloves (leather), 7-94.80 *Cowboy, 6-24.20 ,jacquard card, 7-53.50 *Cowman, 6-25.10 -, leather, 8-03.30 *Coxswain, lifeboat, 9-81.90 ,leather garments, 7-94.60 *Crafts teacher (secondary education), 1-32.80 *--, mattress, 7-94.90 CRANE AND HOIST OPERATORS, 9-73 , meat,7-73.30 *- operator (bridge or gantry crane), 9-73.20 -, optical glass, 8-91.60 *- - (floating crane), 9-73.90 41-, plastics, 9-01.90 *- - (locomotive crane), 9-73.90 *---,precious metal, 8-80.90 *- - (mobile crane), 9-73.30 41-, sail, 7-94.90 *- (stationary jib-crane), 9-73.25 *---, sugar cane, 6-22.90 *- - (tower crane), 9-73.27 41-, tent, 7-94.90 *Crater (hand), 9-71.50 *--, tire treads, 9-02.90 *Crawler-crane operator, 9-73.30 *-, umbrella, 7-94.90 *Crayon-press-machine operator, 949.90 *---, upholstery, 7-94.90 Creasing- and cutting-press operator, paper *Cutter-shaper, glass (decorative), 8-94.90 box, 9-10.50 Cutting instruments sharpener, 8-35.40 *Creative artist (glass and ceramics), 1-61.90 Cutting- and creasing-press operator, paper-box, 9-10.50 *Credit clerk, 3-39.40 Cutting-machine operator (mine), 7-11.20 *Creeler, 7-54.90 41- - (sugar confectionery), 7-76.60 *Creping-machine operator (paper making), 7-34.90 - -, tobacco, 7-81.70 *Crime reporter, 1-59.30 *Cyanide hardener, 7-26.40 *Criminal lawyer, 1-21.10 *- man (ore separation), 7-12.90 *Criminologist, 1-92.20 *Cycle racer, 1-80.20 *Crinlding-machine operator (paper making), 7-34.90 *Cylinder honer, 8-34.70 Critic, 1-51.30 - pressman, 9-22.20 Crocheter (hand), 7-59.30 *Cytologist, 0-51.90 - (machine), 7-59.35 *Cytotechnician, 0-54.30 *Crocheting-machine operator, 7-59.35 *Crop grower (field crop farmer), 6-12.20 D *- research scientist, 0-53.20 *Dairy bacteriologist, 0-52.50 *- worker, field crops (general), 6-22.10 41- cultureman, 7-75.90 *Cross-cutter (logging), 6-31.20 - farm worker (general), 6-25.10 Croupier, 5-99.30 DAIRY FARM WORKERS, 6-25 *Crucible fumaceman (metal melting), 7-23.20 Dairy farmer, 6-12.50 *- maker (saggars), 8-93.90 - product pasteuriser, 7-75.20 Crude oil treater (oilfield), 7-43.50 - - processer (general), 7-75.10 Cruiser, timber, 6-32.40 DAIRY PRODUCT PROCESSERS, 7-75 Crusher operator (chemical and related *Dam tender (water works), 9-69.90 processes), 7-41.20 *Dance-band leader, 1-71.35 *- - (edible oil processing), 7-79.20 Dancer, 1-72.30

318 EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TITLES

*Dancing partner, 5-99.90 *Development manager, 2-19.20 *- teacher (private), 1-72.30 *Diamond mining engineer, 0-27.90 *- - (second level), 1-32.50 *- - technician, 0-38.90 *- - (third level), 1-31.90 *- polisher, industrial, 8-80.30 *Darkroom man (black-and-white developing), 9-27.30 *- sawyer, industrial, 8-80.30 *- - (colour developing), 9-27.20 *Diamond-pointed tool maker, 8-32.90 *- - (photograph enlarging), 9-27.50 *Die finisher, 8-32.90 *- - (photograph printing), 9-27.40 *- maker, 8-32.20 *Data-processing equipment fitter, 8-52.40 Die-casting machine operator, 7-24.40 *- (punched-card) machine operator, 3-42.30 *Die-press operator, forging, 8-31.40 *Deaf, teacher of the, 1-35.30 Die-presser, pottery and porcelain, 8-92.50 *Dealer, retail (working proprietor), 4-10.30 *Die-sinking machine setter-operator, metal- *Deck hand, 9-81.40 working, 8-33.90 *- officer, ship, 0-42.30 Diesel engine mechanic (except motor vehicle), 8-49.20 Decorator, ceramics, 8-95.40 *- engineer, 0-24.30 *-, - (freehand painting), 8-95.30 *Dietetic consultant, food processing, 0-69.90 *-, - (spray-painting), 8-95.50 *Dietetics teacher (third level), 1-31.75 *Decorator-painter, buildings, 9-31.20 Dietitian (general), 0-69.10 *-, glass, 8-95.20 *-, therapeutic, 0-69.10 Deep-sea fisherman, 6-41.20 DIETITIANS AND PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITIONISTS, 0-69 *Degreaser (metal), 7-29.40 Diffuser operator (beet sugar), 7-72.30 Degummer, silk, 7-56.40 Digester operator, 7-33.40 *Dehairer, hide (hand), 7-61.30 *- - (wood distillation), 7-44.60 *-, (machine), 7-61.35 *Digger, chalk, clay,gravel or sand, 7-11.90 Dehydrator, foodstuffs, 7-74.40 *-, trench, 9-99.10 *Dehydrator-plant operator (oilfield), 7-43.50 *Digital computer operator, 3-42.20 *Delinquency prevention social worker, 1-93.40 *Dining-car attendant (railway), 5-32.10 *Delivery boy, newspapers, 4-52.40 *Dining-saloon steward (ship), 5-32.10 *- pilot (aircraft), 0-41.30 *Dip-painter, hand (except glass and ceramics); 9-39.40 *Demographer, 0-81.30 *Dip-plater, 7-28.30 *Demolition labourer, 9-99.10 *Diplomatic representative, 2-02.10 worker, 9-59.45 *Dipper, candlemaking, 949.60 Demonstrator, 4-51.50 - , ceramics, 8-95.60 Dental assistant, 0-64.20 *-, hand (except glass and ceramics), 9-39.40 -, school, 0-64.30 *-, sugar confectionery, 7-76.90 DENTAL ASSISTANTS, 0-64 *-, tobacco, 7-81.40 *Dental auxiliary, 0-64.20 *-, wood treating, 7-31.30 *- chair-side attendant, 5-99.40 *Dipping-machine attendant, ceramics decorating, 8-95.90 - hygienist, 0-64.40 *- operator, rubber, 9-01.90 *- instrument maker and repairer, 8-42.90 Direct lithographic pressman, 9-22.50 - prosthesis maker and repairer, 8-42.50 - - transferrer, 9-24.50 *- technician, 8-42.50 Director of photography (motion picture), 1-63.50 Dentist, general, 0-63.10 *Director-general (manager), 2-11.10 ,public health, 0-63.30 *Director, company, 2-11.10 -, specialised, 0-63.20 *-, funeral, 5-92.20 *-, unregistered, 0-64.20 *-, government department, 2-02.10 *Dentistry teacher, 1-31.30 *-, intergovernmental organisation, 2-02.10 *Dentist's receptionist, 3-94.30 -, motion picture, radio and television, 1-73.40 DENTISTS, 0-63 *-, school, 1-39.40 *Department head, government, 2-02.10 -, stage, 1-73.30 *Depot superintendent, railway, 3-59.20 *Directory compiler, 3-93.90 *- -, road transport, 3-59.40 *Disc jockey, 1-79.30 *Deputy secretary-general (government *Disc-recording-equipment operator, 8-62.20 administration), 2-02.10 *Discount bookkeeper, 3-31.20 *Dermatologist, 0-61.20 *Discount-store manager, 4-00.30 *Derrick-boat operator, 9-73.90 *Dishwasher (restaurant), 9-99.10 Derrickman (oil and gas wells), 7-13.20 *Dispatch clerk, mail, 3-70.90 Design copyist, jacquard, 7-53.40 *- officer, air transport, 3-59.70 Designer, industrial and commercial products, 1-62.40 *Dispatcher, boat, 3-59.90 -, interior decoration, 1-62.30 *-, bus service, 3-59.40 *Desilting basin operator, 9-69.90 *-, electricity load (power station), 9-61.70 Desulphurisation treater (petroleum refining), 7-45.20 *-, gas (pipe lines), 3-59.90 *Detail programmer, 0-84.20 *-, oil (pipe lines), 3-59.90 Detective, 5-82.30 *-, road transport, 3-59.40 *- (private), 5-89.20 -, train, 3-59.25 *Detergents chemist, 0-11.20 Dispatching and receiving clerk, 3-91.20 Developer, black-and-white, 9-27.30 Dispensing optician, 0-75.30 - , colour, 9-27.20 Display artist, 1-62.50 *Developing-machine operator (motion picture), 9-27.90*- supervisor (retail trade), 4-21.90

319 EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TITLES

*Distillation operator (wood), 7-44.60 Drawing-machine operator, glass, 8-91.40 *- -, batch (chemical processes, except Dredge operator, 9-74.35 petroleum), 7-44.20 *Dredger crewman, 9-81.90 *- -, continuous (chemical processes, except *Dredging engineer, 0-22.90 petroleum), 7-44.30 *Dress designer, 1-62.40 *Distiller (alcohol, perfume or turpentine), 7-44.90 *Dresser, fish, 7-79.40 *- (petroleum refining), 7-45.40 *-, metal, 7-29.30 *Distribution engineer (electric power), 0-23.30 Dressmaker, 7-91.40 *District court judge, 1-22.10 *-, theatrical, 7-91.90 *- inspector, railway, 3-59.30 Drier operator (chemical and related processes), 7-42.40 41-- midwife, 0-73.10 *- - (dairy products), 7-75.90 *Ditch digger, 9-99.10 *- - (foodstuffs), 7-74.40 *Diver, construction, 9-59.60 *-, snuff, 7-89.20 *--, pearl, 6-49.90 *-, textile, 7-56.90 41-, sponge, 6-49.90 *Drifter crewman, 6-41.20 *Dock gateman, 9-89.90 Driller, cable (oil and gas wells), 7-13.40 Docker, 9-71.20 *-, plastics, 9-01.90 DOCKERS AND FREIGHT HANDLERS, 9-71 *--, precious metal, 8-80.90 Dockmaster, dry dock, 9-89.20 -, rotary (oil and gaswells), 7-13.30 *Docks and harbour construction engineer, 0-22.90 *-, stone, 8-20.90 *Doctor, general medical practice, 0-61.05 -, well (exceptoil and gas), 7-13.80 *--, specialised medical practice, 0-61.20 Drilling-machine operator, 8-34.60 Doctor's or dentist's receptionist, 3-94.30 - (mine andquarry), 7-11.30 *Document-sorting machine operator, 3-99.90 - setter-operator,8-33.60 Doll and stuffed toy maker, 9-49.40 *Driver, ambulance, 9-85.90 Domestic science and general nursing teacher *-, animal (mine and quarry), 9-86.30 (second level), 1-32.75 -, animal-drawnvehicle (road), 9-86.20 *Donkey engine operator, 9-73.50 *-, animal-train, 9-86.90 *Doorman, 5-99.90 *-, bulldozer, 9-74.30 *Dormitory supervisor, 5-20.90 *-, car delivery, 9-85.90 Doubler, 7-52.30 *-, concrete paving machine, 9-74.55 *Doubling helper, 7-52.90 -, dumper, 9-79.30 *Doubling-machine operator (thread and yarn), 7-52.30 *-, elephant, 9-86.90 *Dough maker (bread), 7-76.20 *-, excavating machine, 9-74.20 *Dovetailing-machine operator (woodworking), 8-12.90 *-, lifting truck, 9-79.20 *Dowelling-machine operator (woodworking), 8-12.90 -, lorry and van (localtransport), 9-85.50 *Dragline-bucket operator, 9-74.20 -, lorry and van(long-distance transport), 9-85.60 *Drain layer, 9-59.50 -, motor bus, 9-85.40 *Drama critic, 1-51.30 *-, motor cycle, 9-85.70 *- teacher (second level), 1-32.50 -, pedal vehicle, 9-89.50 *- (third level), 1-31.90 *-, postal vehicle, 9-85.90 *Dramatic actor, 1-73.20 *-, private motor-car, 9-85.90 *Dramatist, 1-51.20 -, railway-engine,9-83.20 *Draughtsman, aeronautical, 0-32.20 *-, (mine and quarry), 9-83.60 -, architectural,0-32.50 *-, road-grader and scraper, 9-74.45 -, cartographical,0-32.60 *-, road-roller, 9-74.50 -, civil engineering,0-32.40 41-, shuttle-car (mine), 9-79.40 *-, die, 0-32.20 *-, tar-spreading machine, 9-74.60 -, electrical, 0-32.30 -, taxi,9-85.30 *-, electronics, 0-32.30 -, timber carrier,9-79.50 -, general,0-32.10 -, tram, 9-85.20 *--, geological, 0-32.90 *--, trench-digging machine, 9-74.25 *-, heating and ventilation systems, 0-32.90 41-, trolley-bus, 9-85.40 *-, jig and tool, 0-32.20 -, underground orelevated train, 9-83.50 41-, marine engineering, 0-32.20 *Driving instructor, 9-85.90 -, mechanical,0-32.20 *Drop forger, 8-31.20 41-, structural engineering, 0-32.40 Drop-hammer operator, 8-31.30 *-, topographical, 0-32.60 *Drover, cattle, 6-24.90 DRAUGHTSMEN, 0-32 *Druggist, 0-67.10 *Drawbridge operator, 9-73.55 *Drum maker, 9-41.90 *Drawer-in helper, 7-54.90 *Dry dock attendant, 9-89.90 *-, hand (textile weaving), 7-54.20 - - master, 9-89.20 Drawer, fibre, 7-51.50 Dry-cleaner (hand), 5-60.40 *-, glass tube, 8-91.76 Dry-cleaning machine operator, 5-60.30 -, seamless pipeand tube, 7-27.40 *Dry-kiln operator, brick and tile, 8-93.60 -, wire (hand), 7-27.20 *- -, pottery and porcelain, 8-93.50 -, wire (machine),7-27.30 *Dryer (laundry), 5-60.90 *Drawing-frame operator (textile fibres), 7-51.50 *_ (tobacco), 7-81.90 *Drawing-in-machine operator (textile weaving), 7-54.25*Dubbing-machine operator, 8-62.90

320 EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TITLES

Dumper driver, 9-79.30 Electrical and electronic products inspector and tester, *Duplicating-machine operator, 3-99.50 8-59.20 *Dustman, 9-99.10 ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS, 0-23 *Dye chemist, 0-11.20 *Electrical components assembler, 8-53.90 Dyer, fabric, 7-56.25 *- control apparatus fitter, 8-51.40 -, garment, 7-56.30 - draughtsman, 0-32.30 *-, hosiery, 7-56.90 - elevator and related equipment fitter, 8-51.60 *-, knitwear, 7-56.90 - engineer (general), 0-23.05 *-, leather (hand or spray), 7-61.90 *- - (power distribution and transmission), 0-23.30 *-, leather (vat), 7-61.55 *- - (power generation), 0-23.20 -, pelt (hand),7-62.50 - engineering technician (general), 0-34.05 *-, pelt (vat or spray), 7-62.90 - technician (high voltage), 0-34.20 *-, textile fibre, 7-56.90 -- equipment assembler, 8-5320 -, yarn, 7-56.20 - fitter (general), 8-51.10 *Dynamo fitter, 8-51.20 ELECTRICAL FITTERS, 8-51 Electrical fitters and related electrical and electronics workers, 8-5 E Electrical instrument fitter, 8-51.50 *Earth-boding machine operator (construction), 9-74.90*- load dispatcher (power station), 9-61.70 EARTH-MOVING AND RELATED MACHINERY - motor and generator fitter, 8-51.20 OPERATORS, 9-74 repainnan, 8-55.70 Earth-moving equipment and construction machinery *- switchboard operator (power station), 9-61.60 mechanic, 8-49.60 - switchgear and control apparatusfitter, 8-51.40 - - fitter-assembler,8-41.65 - transformer fitter, 8-51.30 *Ecologist, animal, 0-51.30 ELECTRICAL wmEKEN, 8-55 *-, plant, 0-51.20 Electrician, aircraft, 8-55.30 *Econometrician, 0-90.10 -, buildings, 8-55.20 *Economic botanist, 0-51.20 -, general, 8-55.10 *- geographer, 1-92.50 *-, locomotive, 8-55.40 *- historian, 1-92.60 -, maintenance, 8-55.60 *Economics and finance statistician, 0-81.30 *-, motor vehicle, 8-55.40 *- teacher (third level), 1-31.45 *-, neon-lighting 8-55.90 Economist (general), 0-90.10 -, ship, 8-55.35 - (specialised),0-90.20 -, stage and studio,8-55.50 ECONOMISTS, 0-90 *-, tram, 8-55.40 *Edge gilder (bookbinding), 9-26.90 *Electrician-repairman (domestic electrical *- gluer (veneer sheets), 7-32.90 equipment), 8-55.70 - grinder, glass,8-91.64 Electricity and magnetism physicist, 0-12.60 *- liner, ceramics decorating 8-95.90 *Electricity-generating plant operator (steam), 9-61.20 *- marbler (bookbinding), 9-26.90 *- turbine operator, 9-61.50 - sawyer, 7-32.20 *Electricity-generator operator (private *- tool sharpener, 8-35.40 installation), 9-61.90 *- trimmer (shoe finishing), 8-02.55 *Electrocardiograph technician, 0-79.90 Editor, book, 1-59.45 *Electroencephalograph technician, 0-79.90 -, continuity andscript, 1-59.40 *Electronic components assembler, 8-53.90 -, newspapers andperiodicals, 1-59.20 - computer andrelated equipment fitter, 8-52.40 *Editor-in-chief, 1-59.20 - - operator,3-42.20 Education methods adviser, 1-39.20 - equipmentassembler, 8-53.30 *- statistician, 0-81.30 *- prototype fitter, 8-52.10 *- teacher (third level), 1-31.55 - signalling systemsfitter, 8-52.60 *Educational adviser, 1-3920 Electronics engineer (general), 0-23.10 *- psychologist, 1-92.30 - engineeringtechnician (general), 0-34.10 *Efficiency engineer, 0-28.10 - fitter (general),8-52.10 *Egg producer (farm), 6-12.60 - -(industrial equipment), 8-52.50 *Electoral official, 3-10.10 *- - (instruments), 8-52.90 *Electric arc fumaceman (metal melting), 7-23.20 - - (medicalequipment), 8-52.30 - - fumaceman (steel refining), 7-21.60 - - (radio, televisionand radar equipment), 8-52.20 - - welder (hand), 8-72.20 ELECTRONICS FITTERS, 8-52 - - welder (machine), 8-72.25 Electronics physicist, 0-12.70 - cable jointer, 8-57.50 Electroplater, 7-28.20 *- cell man, 7-49.90 *Electrotherapist, 0-76.20 ELECTRIC LINEMEN AND CABLE JOINTERS, 8-57 Electrotyper, 9-23.30 *Electric motor fitter, 8-51.20 Elementary-school teacher, 1-33.20 - power lineman, 8-57.20 *Elephant driver, 9-86.90 - traction lineman, 8-57.30 *- trainer, 1-75.90 ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING Elevated or underground train driver, 9-83.50 TECHNICIANS, 0-34 *Elevator fitter, electrical, 8-51.60 ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT *- operator (material-handling), 9-79.90 ASSEMBLERS, 8-53 *Elrod casting-machine operator, 9-21.40

321 EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TITLES

Embalmer, 5-92.30 *Etymologist, 1-95.20 *Embassy secretary (diplomatic officer), 3-10.10 *Evangelist, 1-41.40 Embosser, book (hand), 9-26.40 Evaporator operator, 7-44.50 -, - (machine), 9-26.50 *- - (food essences), 7-74.90 *Embossing-machine operator, rubber, 9.01.90 *- - (sugar refining), 7-72.90 Embroiderer, hand, 7-95.60 *Eviscerator, animal, 7-73.90 -, machine, 7-95.70 *-, poultry, 7-73.90 *Embryologist, 0-51.30 Examiner, fabrics, 7-54.70 *Emery polisher (metalworking), 8-35.90 *-, pensions claims (social security), 3-10.10 *Employment counsellor, 1-94.30 Excavating-machine operator, 9-74.20 *- interviewer, 1-94.20 *Executive company secretary, 2-19.40 *Emulsifier (dairy products), 7-75.90 *- housekeeper, 5-20.20 *Enameller, ceramics, 8-95.30 - official, government, 3-10.10 *-, glass, 8-95.20 *- secretary (government administration), 3-10.10 *-, jewellery, 8-80.90 *- secretary-stenographer, 3-21.20 *Endocrinologist, 0-52.40 *Exhibition designer, 1-62.50 Engine-driver (mine and quarry), 9-83.60 *Expellerman (chemical and related materials), 7-43.20 - -, railway, 9-83.20 *Experimental psychologist, 1-92.30 - driver's assistant, railway, 9-83.40 *Export manager, 4-00.20 *- tuner, 8-43.90 *Exporter (working proprietor), 4-10.20 *Enginelathe operator (metal working), 8-34.20 *External grinding-machine operator (metal- *- setter-operator (metalworking), 8-33.20 working), 8-34.65 *Engineer officer, ship, 043.20 * - setter-operator (metalworking), 8-33.70 *Engineering geologist, 0-13.30 Extractive metallurgist, 0-26.20 *-illustrator, 0-32.70 - metallurgy technician, 0-37.20 *- salesman, 4-31.20 *Extractor operator (chemical and related *- statistician, 0-81.30 materials), 7-43.90 *- teacher (second level), 1-32.80 - - (wood distillation), 7-44.60 *- - (third level), 1-31.25 Extruder operator (metal), 7-27.50 *- technology teacher 1-31.80 Extruding-machine operator, plastics, 9-01.60 Engineers (professional) - -, rubber, 9-01.30 See specialisation (civil, electrical, etc.) Extruding-press operator, clay, 8-92.55 *Engine-room mechanic, ship, 8-49.90 *Extrusion-press operator (macaroni making), 7-76.40 *- rating, ship, 9-82.90 *Eyeletter (shoemaking), 8-02.90 Engraver and etcher (artistic), 1-61.50 -, glass, 8-94.20 ,hand, metal printing plate, roller and die, 9-24.20 F -, hand, wood, rubber or linoleum block, 9-24.30 Fabric dyer, 7-56.25 -, jewellery, 8-80.80 *- waterproofer, 7-56.60 -, lithographic stone, 9-24.15 *Fabricator (plastics products), 9-01.80 -, machine (metal printing roller), 9-24.40 Fabrics examiner, 7-54.70 *-, music printing, 9-24.90 - repairer, 7-54.75 *-, photogravure (general), 9-25.10 *Factory inspector, 3-10.10 Engraving pantograph operator, 9-24.45 *Fairground attendant, 5-99.90 *Enlarger, photographic, 9-27.50 Faith healer, 1-49.20 *Enrobing-machine operator (sugar *Family caseworker, 1-93.20 confectionery), 7-76.90 *Farm demonstrator, 0-53.60 *Entomologist, 0-51.30 - equipment operator, motorised, 6-28.20 Envelope and paper-bag maker (machine), 9-10.70 *- - operator, non-motorised, 6-28.90 *- maker (hand), 9-10.90 *- hand (field crops), 6-22.10 Erector and installer, machinery, 8-41.75 *- -, dairy farm (general), 6-25.10 *-, airframes (metal), 8-41.85 *- -, fur-bearing animals, 6-24.50 *-, prefabricated building sections, 9-59.90 *- -, general, 6-21.05 *Errand boy, 3-70.40 *- -, livestock (general), 6-24.10 *Escort (social), 5-99.90 *- -, orchard, 6-23.20 *Essayist, 1-51.20 *- -, silkworms, 6-29.30 *Establithments officer (civil service commission), 3-10.10 - helper (general), 6-21.10 *Estate agent, 4-41.30 *- labourer (general), 6-21.10 *Estimating clerk, 3-39.20 *- machinery mechanic, 8-49.55 *Estimator, chemical engineering, 0-36.90 FARM MACHINERY OPERATORS, 6-28 *-, electrical engineering, 0-34.90 Farm manager, 6-00.20 *-, electronic engineering, 0-34.90 FARM MANAGERS AND SUPERVISORS, 6-00 *-, mechanical engineering, 0-35.90 Farm supervisor, 6-00.30 Etcher and engraver (artistic), 1-61.50 - worker, (general), 6-21.05 -, glass, 8-94.30 - -, beef cattle, 6-24.10 -, metal engraving (printing plates or rollers), 9-24.60 *- -, cocoa, 6-23.90 *-, photogravure, 9-25.50 *- -, coffee, 6-23.90 *Ethnologist, 1-92.40 - -, cotton, 6-22.40 *Ethyl blender (petroleum refining), 7-45.60 - -, dairy (general), 6-25.10

322 EXPANDED ALPHA3ETICAL LIST OF TITLES

Farm worker, field crop (general), 6-22.10 *Farmer, mushroom grower, 6-12.90 - -, fish, 6-49.20 *-, nursery, 6-12.70 *- -, fruit, 6-23.20 *-, nut, 6-12.30 - -, fur-bearing animals, 6-24.50 -, orchard, vineyard and related tree and shrub *- -, groundnut, 6-22.90 crop, 6-12.30 *- -, hops, 6-23.90 s-, pig raiser, 6-12.40 *- -, jute, 6-22.90 -, poultry, 6-12.60 -, livestock (general), 6-24.10 *-, rancher, 6-12.40 *- -, market garden, 6-27.20 *-, reed or osier grower, 6-12.90 *- -, mushroom, 6-29.90 *-, reindeer breeder, 6-12.40 *- -, nursery, 6-27.30 *-, rice, 6-12.20 - -, orchard, 6-23.20 *-, rose grower, 6-12.70 *- -, ostrich, 6-24.90 *-, rubber planter, 6-12.30 - -, oyster farm, 6-49.30 *-, seed, 6-12.70 - -, pig, 6-24.40 *---, sericulturist, 6-12.90 -, poultry (general), 6-26.10 *-, sheep raiser, 6-12.40 -, rice, 6-22.50 *-, silkworm raiser, 6-12.90 *- -, rubber, 6-23.50 *-, sisal, 6-12.20 - -, sheep, 6-24.30 *-, soya-bean, 6-12.20 sugar-cane, 6-22.60 *-, spice grower, 6-12.90 *- -, tea, 6-23.40 *-, stud breeder, 6-12.40 *- -, tobacco, 6-22.90 *-, sugar-beet, 6-12.20 *- -, vegetable farm (except market garden), 6-22.20 *-, sugar-cane, 6-12.20 *- -, vineyard, 6-23.30 *-, tea planter, 6-12.30 - -, wheat, 6-22.30 *-, tobacco planter, 6-12.20 *Farmer, alfalfa, 6-12.20 *-, tulip, 6-12.70 *- and grazier, 6-11.10 *-, turkey, 6-12.60 *-, apiarist, 6-12.90 *-, vegetable (except market garden), 6-12.20 *-, aviary keeper, 6-12.90 *-, - (market garden), 6-12.70 *-, battery poultryman (working proprietor), 6-12.60 viniculturist, 6-12.30 *-, beekeeper, 6-12.90 *-, winegrower, 6-12.30 *-, bird breeder (pet or game), 6-12.90 *-, wheat, 6-12.20 *-, breeder and animal raiser, 6-12.40 Farmers, 6-1 *-, bulb, 6-12.70 Farming adviser, 0-53.60 *-, carnation, 6-12.70 *Farrier, 8-31.10 *-, cattle raiser, 6-12.40 *Fashion artist, 1-62.20 *-, cereal, 6-12.20 *- designer, 1-62.40 *-, chicken, 6-12.60 *- editor, 1-59.25 *-, cocoa, 6-12.30 - model, 4-51.40 *-, coconut, 6-12.30 *- photographer, 1-63.30 *-, coffee, 6-12.30 *- reporter, 1-59.30 *-, copra, 6-12.30 *Feature writer, 1-59.15 *-, corn, 6-12.20 *Features editor, 1-59.25 *-, cotton, 6-12.20 *Feeder, printing press, 9-22.90 - , dairy, 6-12.50 *Feller (logging), 6-31.20 *-, duck, 6-12.60 Fellmonger, 7-61.25 *-, egg producer, 6-12.60 Fellows *-, field crop, 6-12.20 See Teachers, university and higher education *-, flax, 6-12.20 Felt hood former, 7-59.50 *-, flower, 6-12.70 Fermenting-room man, 7-78.35 *-, fruit, 6-12.30 *Ferry superintendent, 3-59.90 *-, fur-bearing animal raiser, 6-12.90 *Ferryboat conductor, 3-60.90 -, general, 6-11.10 *Ferryboatman, 9-81.90 *-, goose, 6-12.60 *Fettler, 7-29.30 *-, grain, 6-12.20 Fibre carder, 7-51.35 *-, grazier, 6-12.40 - comber, 7-51.45 *-, groundnut, 6-12.20 - drawer, 7-51.50 *-, hatcher and breeder, poultry, 6 -12.60 *- dyer (textile), 7-56.90 *-, hop, 6-12.30 - grader and classer, 7-51.15 *-, horsebreeder, 6-12.40 - lapper, 7-51.40 - , horticultural, 6-12.70 - maker (synthetic),7-49.35 *-, jute, 6-12.20 - mixer and blender, 7-51.25 *-, kennel keeper, 6-12.40 *- opener, 7-51.90 *-, laboratory animal raiser, 6-12.40 - picker, 7-51.30 -, livestock, 6-12.40 FIBRE PREPARERS, 7-51 *-, maize, 6-12.20 Fibre rover, 7-51.55 s-, market gardener, 6-12.70 *- scourer, wool, 7-51.20 *-, milk, 6-12.50 *- technician, 0-39.90 s-, mixed farming, 6-11.10 *- technologist, 0-29.90

323 EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TITLES

Fibreglass maker, 8-99.70 *Fishery bacteriologist, 0-52.50 *Fibro-cement product maker, 9-43.30 *Fishing guide, 5-91.90 Fibrous plasterer, 9-55.40 *Fishing-net maker (hand), 7-59.40 FIELD CROP AND VEGETABLE FARMWORKERS,6-22 *Fishing-tool operator (oil and gas wells), 7-13.90 Field crop farm worker (general), 6-22.10 Fitter, electrical elevators and related equipment, 8-51.60 - - farmer, 6-12.20 - (general), 8-51.10 *Filament winder, 8-53.90 - refrigeration and air-conditioning Filing clerk, 3-95.30 equipment, 8-51.90 *Filleter, fish, 7-79.40 - instrument, 8-51.50 *Film actor, 1-73.20 - motor and generator, 8-51.20 *- and photographic paper maker, 9-49.70 5-, - signalling systems, 8-51.90 *- critic, 1-51.30 - switchgear and control apparatus, 8-51.40 *- developer (black-and-white), 9-27.30 - transformers, 8-51.30 *- - (colour), 9-27.20 *-, electronic instruments, 8-52.90 *- printer, 9-27.40 -, electronics (computer and related *- projectionist, cinema, 8-62.40 equipment), 8-52.40 *Film-drying-machine operator (motion picture), 9-27.90 - (general), 8-52.10 FILTER ANDSEPARATOR OPERATORS,7-43 - (industrial equipment), 8-52.50 *Filter operator (water works), 9-69.50 - (medical equipment), 8-52.30 Filter-press operator, 7-43.20 - (meteorological equipment), 8-52.90 *- operator, clay, 8-99.90 - (radio, television and radar equipment), 8-52.20 Filterer, rotary-drum, 7-43.30 - (signalling systems), 8-52.60 Finance clerk, 3-39.40 -, machinery (general), 841.05 *Financial economist, 0-90.20 5-, made-to-measure dressmaking, 7-91.40 *- editor, 1-59.25 5-, - tailoring, 7-91.20 Fine arts teacher (second level), 1-32.50 5-, plate-glass, 9-57.40 *Finisher, book, 9-26.40 -, sole, 8-02.40 -, casting, 7-29.30 *-, uppers preparing, 8-02.30 -, cement, 9-52.40 Fitter-assembler, agricultural machinery, 8-41.60 *-, die, 8-32.90 -, aircraft engines, 841.20 *-, hat, 7-93.90 -, earth-moving equipment, 8-41.65 *-, metal polishing, 8-35.90 -, internal combustion engine (except aircraft and *-, pelt, 7-62.60 marine engines), 8-41.15 *-, photo-engraving, 9-25.60 -, machinery (general), 841.10 *-, plastics, 9-01.90 -, marine engine, 8-41.25 -, shoe, 8-02.55 -, metalworking machine-tool, 841.35 -, wooden furniture, 8-19.55 -, mining machinery, 841.40 *Fire investigator, 5-81.90 -, printing machinery, 8-41.45 - patrolman, 5-81.20 5-, reciprocating steam engines (except marine), 841.90 Fire-fighter (general), 5-81.10 -, textile machinery, 8-41.50 -, aircraft accident, 5-81.40 -, turbine (except aircraft and marine), 8-41.30 ,forest, 6-32.50 -, woodworking machinery, 8-41.55 FIRE-FIGHTERS, 5-81 *Fixer mason, 9-51.40 Fire-prevention specialist, 5-81.20 *-, prefabricated building sections, 9-59.90 Fire-salvage specialist, 5-81.30 Flame-cutter (hand), 8-72.50 Firebrick layer, 9-51.30 - (machine), 8-72.55 *Fireman, 5-81.10 *Flat knitter, 7-55.20 *-, brick and tile oven, 8-93.60 *Flax farm worker, 6-22.90 *-, chemical and related processes, 7-42.40 *- farmer, 6-12.20 *-, pottery oven, 9-93.50 *Flayer, 7-73.90 -, railway steam engine, 9-83.30 *Flenser (whale), 6-49.40 -, ship, 9-82.20 *Flesher, hide (hand), 7-61.30 *-, steam boiler, 9-69.30 *-, - (machine), 7-61.35 *First fixer, 9-54.15 -, pelt, 7-62.30 *First-aid attendant, 5-99.40 *Fleshing-machine operator, 7-61.35 First-level education teacher, 1-33.20 Flight engineer, 0-41.50 Fish butcher, 7-79.40 - navigator, 0-41.40 *- curer, 7-74.50 - operations officer, 3-59.70 - farm worker, 6-49.20 - radio operator, 3-80.60 41- fryer, 5-31.30 *Float master, 3-59.90 *- hatcher, 6-49.20 Float-glass bath operator, 8-91.52 *- porter, 9-71.45 Floatation man, 7-12.60 *- smoker, 7-74.60 *Floating-crane operator, 9-73.90 Fish-preserving cook, 7-74.15 Floor and pit moulder, 7-25.30 Fisherman, deep-sea, 6-41.20 5- layer, composition tiles, 9-59.70 -, inland and coastal waters, 6.41.30 5- -, parquetry, 9-54.75 *-, seal, 6-49.50 *- -, wood block, 9-54.90 FISHERMEN,641 *- supervisor (retail trade), 4-21.30 Fishermen, hunters and related workers, 6-4 *- tiler, 9-51.50

324 EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TITLES

*Floriculturist, 0-53.30 *Fruit farmer, 6-12.30 *Flower maker, artificial, 7-99.90 *- farm worker, 6-23.20 * Flue cleaner, 5-52.40 *-- picker, 6-23.90 *Flush binder *hand (bookbinding), 9-26.20 *- porter. 9-71.45 Flying instructor, 0-41.60 Fruit-press operator, 7-78.80 *Folder (uppers preparing), 8-02.30 *Fuel technician, 0-36.90 *Folding-machine operator (bookbinding), 9-26.30 *- technologist, 0-25.90 *- (paper box), 9-10.50 Fuller, textile, 7-56.55 Food and beverage processors, 7-7 *Fulling -mill operator (textile), 7-56.55 Food and drink technologist, 0-29.40 *Fun-fair attendant, 5-99.90 *- bacteriologist, 0-52.50 * Funeral attendant, 5-92.90 *- chemist, 0-11.20 *- director, 5-92.20 FOOD PRESERVERS, 7-74 Fur cutter, 7-92.50 *Food technician, 0-39.90 - fibre mixer (machine),7-59.45 Foodstuffs dehydrator, 7-74.40 *- - shaver, 7-62.90 - freezer, 7-74.30 - grader and matcher,7-92.40 *- pickier, 7-74.50 - hand-sewer, 7-95.40 *Footwear maker, general, 8-01.10 nailer, 7-92.60 - -, orthopaedic,8-01.20 - patternmaker, 7-92.30 *- -, raffia and related materials, 9-49.90 - sewer, hand, 7-95.40 *- -, sports, 8-01.90 *- -, machine, 7-95.50 *- repairer, 8-01.30 - tailor, 7-92.20 *Foreign editor, 1-59.25 FUR TAILORS AND RELATED WORKERS, 7-92 *- exchange cashier, 3-31.50 *Fur trapper, 6.49.60 Foreman, specialised craft *- trimmer, 7-92.90 See Introduction: code to craft Fur-bearing animal farm worker, 6-24.50 Foremen, general *Furnace brazer, 8-72.90 See Supervisors and general foremen, production *- charger (metal melting and reheating), 7-23.90 *Forensic pathologist, 0-52.60 *- - (ore smelting and refining), 7-21.90 *- science teacher, 1-31.90 *- helper (metal melting and reheating), 7-23.90 Forest fire-fighter, 6-32.50 *- - (ore smelting and refining), 7-21.90 *- patrolman, 6-32.90 *- liner (bricklaying), 9-51.30 *- ranger, 6-32.90 *- solderer, 8-72.90 - supervisor,6-32.20 *- tapper (metal melting), 7-23.90 *Forester, 6-32.20 *- - (ore smelting and refining), 7-21.90 *Forestry scientist, 0-53.40 Furnaceman, besserner, 7-21.50 *- teacher, 1-31.60 -, blast furnace (oresmelting), 7-21.20 - worker, 6-32.30 *-, chemical and related processes, 7-42.40 Forestry workers, 6-3 -, cupola, 7-23.30 FORESTRY WORKERS (EXCEPT LOGGING), 6-32 *-, electrode baking, 7-42.90 *Forge hammer driver, 8-31.90 ,glass-annealing, 8-93.30 *- hammersmith, 8-31.20 -, glass-making, 8-93.20 41-, glass-tempering, 8-93.40 Forging-press operator, 8-31.40 cupola, 7-23.20 *Fork-lift truck operator, 9-79.20 -, metal melting, except -, - reheating,7-23.40 *Formal waiter, 5-32.30 converting and refining, 7-21.70 Former, felt hood, 7-59.50 -, non-ferrous metal *Forming press operator, cardboard articles, 9-10.60 -, open-hearth(steel), 721.30 *Fortune teller, 1-99.60 -, oxygen (steelconverting), 7-21.40 *Forwarder (bookbinding), 9-26.20 *-, puddling, 7-21.90 *Foundry metallurgist, 0-26.30 41-, refuse disposal, 9-69.60 *- technician, 0-37.30 *Furniture assembler (sheet-metal), 8-73.90 *- designer, 1-62.40 *Frame operator, drawing (textile fibres), 7-51.50 *- mover, 9-71.90 *- -, roving (textile fibres), 7-51.55 - upholsterer,7-96.20 *- -, thread and yarn spinning, 7-52.20 *Furrier, 7-9220 *- sawyer (precision), 8-12.20 *- builder, vehicle (wood), 8-19.20 G *Franking -machine operator, 3-99.90 Freezer) foodstuffs, 7-74.30 *Galvaniser, 7-28.30 *- operator, 9-69.70 *Gambling-table operator, 5-99.30 *- - (dairy products), 7-75.90 *Gambreller (butchery), 7-73-90 *Freight traffic department manager, 2-19.60 *Game reservation worker, 6-49.90 *- receiving clerk, 3-91.20 *- warden, 649.90 *Fresh-water biologist, 0-51.90 *Gamekeeper, 6-49.90 *Fret-saw operator, 8-12.20 *Games coach, 1-80.30 *Fringing-machine operator, 7-55.90 *Ganger (section man, railway), 9-99.10 *Frit kilnman, 8-99.50 Gantry- or bridge-crane operator, 9-73.20 *Frogman (salvage), 5-89.90 *Gaoler, 5-89.30 *Froster, glass sandblasting, 8-94.40 *Garage mechanic (automobiles), 8-43.20 *- operator (food freezing), 7-74.30 *Garbage man, 9-99.10 325 EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL LIST OFTITLES

Gardener, 6-27A0 Glass blower, 8-91.20 Garment cutter, except leather, 7-94.50 *- (scientific glass), 8-91.24 -, leather, 7-94.60 *- chemist, 0-11.30 - dyer, 7-56.30 - cutter, 8-91.56 - hand-sewer (except leather and fur), 7-95.20 *- (crystal), 8-94.20 - knitting-machine operator, 7-55.20 *- - (optical glass), 8-91.60 - marker, 7-94.40 *- cutter-shaper (decorative), 8-94.90 patternmaker, 7-94.20 *- driller, 8-91.90 *- sewer, machine, 7-95.50 - edge grinder, 8-91.64 Gas and electric welder (general), 8-72.10 - engraver, 8-94.20 - oil well-drilling rigger, 9-72.50 GLASS ENGRAVERS AND ETCHERS, 8-94 *- dispatcher (pipe lines), 3-59.90 Glass etcher, 8-94.30 *- engineer (production and distribution), 0-25.90 - float-bath operator, 8-91.52 *- - (well drilling), 0-27.40 GLASS FORMERS, CUTTERS, GRINDERS AND FINISHERS 8-91 *- engineering technician (well drilling), 0-38.20 Glass formers, potters and related workers, 8-9 *- maker (chlorine, hydrogen, etc.), 7-49.90 *Glass grinder (laboratory apparatus), 8-91.90 *- - (coal gas), 7-49.25 *- installer (vehicles), 9-57.60 - pipe fitter, 8-71.20 - lens moulder, 8-91.32 *- production and distribution technician, 0-36.90 - mixer, 8-99.20 41- turbine engineer, 0-24.30 painter, 8-95.20 - welder, 8-72.15 plate rollerman, 8-91.44 Gas-compressor operator, 9-69.25 - sandblaster, 8-94.40 *Gas-cutting-machine operator, metal, 8-72.55 *- setter, buildings, 9-57.20 *Gasser (yarn), 7-52.90 *- silverer, 8-95.70 *Gatherer, glass, 8-91.90 *- technician, 0-39.90 *Gauge maker, 8-32.30 - temperer, 8-93.40 *Gear-cutting-machine operator, metalworking, - tube bender, 8-91.80 8-34.90 - - maker, 8-91.76 *- setter-operator, metalworking, 8-33.90 Gem cutter and polisher, 8-80.30 Glass-annealing furnaceman, 8-93.30 - setter, 8-80.40 Glass-blowing-machine operator, 8-91.28 Glass-drawing-machine operator, 8-91.40 *Genealogist, 1-92.90 Glass-fibre maker, 8-99.70 GENERAL FARM WORKERS, 6-21 General farmer, 6-11.10 Glass-making furnaceman, 8-93.20 Glass-pressing-machine operator, 8-91.36 GENERAL FARMERS, 6-11 Glaze maker, 8-99.50 General foremen *Glazer, ceramics (dip), 8-95.60 See Supervisors and general foremen, Glazier, buildings, 9-57.20 production -, leaded glass, 9-57.50 General manager, 2-11.10 -, patent roofing, 9-57.30 GENERAL MANAGERS, 2-11 , plate-glass, 9-57.40 *General office supervisor, 3-00.10 -, vehicle, 9-57.60 - physician, 0-61.05 G.I...zreas, 9-57 - surgeon, 0-61.10 *Glost placer, ceramics, 8-93.90 *General-ledger bookkeeper, 3-31.10 *Glost-kiln fireman, pottery and porcelain, 8-93.50 *Generating-plant operator (hydroelectric), 9-61.30 *- -, tile, 8-93.60 *- - (steam), 9-61.20 Glove cutter, except leather, 7-94.70 *Generator fitter, 8-51.20 - leather, 7-94.80 *- switchboard operator (power station),9-61.60 *Gluer, edge (veneer sheets), 7-32.90 *Geneticist, animal, 0-52.80 *Gold beater, 8-80.70 *-, plant, 0-51.20 *- precipitator, 7-12.70 *Gentleman's man, 5-40.30 Goldsmith and silversmith, 8-80.50 *Geodesist, 0-13.20 *Golf caddie, 5-99.90 *Geodetic surveyor, 0-31.20 *- teacher, 1-80.30 Geographer, 1-92.50 Goods agent, railway, 3-59.35 *Geography teacher (second level), 1-32.40 *- loader, aircraft, 9-71.1 *- - (third level), 1-31.65 *- -, railway and road vehicles, 9-71.30 Geological scientist, 0-13.30 *- train guard, 9-84.20 *Geology teacher (second level), 1-32.30 Government administrator, 2-02.10 *- - (third level), 1-30.20 GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATORS, 2-02 *- technician, 0-14.90 Government executive official, 3-10.10 *Geomagnetician, 0-13.20 GOVERNMENT EXECUTIVE OFFICIALS, 3-10 *Geomorphologist, 0-13.30 *Governor, government, 2-01.10 Geophysical scientist, 0-13.20 *Gown maker (throughout), 7-91.40 Germination worker (malting), 7-78.20 *Grab-bucket operator, 9-74.20 *Gilder, edge (bookbinding), 9-26.90 Grader and Glasser, fibre, 7-51.15 *Glaciologist, 0-13.20 *-, fur, 7-92.40 GLASS AND CERAMICS KILNMEN, 8-93 -, hide and skin, 7-61.20 GLASS AND CERAMICS PAINTERSAND DECORATORS, 8-95 *----, meat, 7-73.90 Glass and ceramics technologist, 0-29.20 -, pelt, 7-62.20

326 EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TITLES

*Grader, sole, 8-02.40 *Hairdresser, men's, 5-70.30 -, stone, 8-20.30 - , women's, 5-70.20 -, tobacco, 7-81.20 HAIRDRESSERS, BARBERS, BEAUTICIANS AND RELATED -, wood, 7-32.70 WORKERS, 5-70 *Grain farmer, 6-12.20 *Hall porter, hotel, 5-40 55 - miller, 7-71.20 *Hammer driver, forgo", 8-31.90 GRAIN MILLERS AND RELATED WORKERS, 7-71 *Hammer-mill operator (grain milling), 7-71.20 *Granite polisher, 8-20.20 *- - (rice milling), 7-71.30 *Granulator operator (sugar refining), 7-72.90 *- - (spice milling), 7-71.40 *Gravedigger, 9-99.10 *Hammerman, forging, 8-31.90 *Graving dock master, 9-89.20 *-, precious-metal articles, 8-80.90 *Grazier, 6-12.40 Hammersmith, 8-31.20 Greaser and oiler (except ships' engines), 8-49.80 Hand and machine sewer (general), 7-95.10 *-, ship, 9-82.30 - compositor, 9-21.20 *Green coffee blender, 7-77.30 - dipper, 9-39.40 *Greenhouse worker (market garden), 6-27.20 - embroiderer, 7-95.60 *- - (nursery), 6-27.30 - knitter, 7-55.50 *Greenkeeper, 6-29.60 - packer, 9-71.50 *Greyhound trainer, 6-24.90 - riveter, 8-74.60 *Grinder (chemical and related processes), 741.30 *- tufter (carpet weaving), 7-54.90 *- (chocolate making), 7-76.50 *Handbook writer, 1-59.65 *-, clay, 8-99.30 *Handicapped, teacher of the -, glass edge, 8-91.64 See Teachers, special education glaze, 8-99.50 *Handler, pottery, 8-92.90 *-, grain milling, 7-71.20 *Handtruck man, 9-99.10 ,machine-tool, 8-35.30 *Handyman, building maintenance, 9-59-20 *-, mustard milling, 7-71.90 41-, labourer, 9-99.10 *-, plastics, 9-01.90 *Harbour policeman, 5-82.20 *-, rice milling, 7-71.30 Hardener, 7-26.30 *-, snuff, 7-89.20 *Hardening-machine operator (felt hoods), 7-59.90 spice milling, 7-71.40 *Harness maker, 8-03.20 stone, 8-20.20 *Harness setter (textile weaving), 7-53.20 sugar -cane, 7-72.20 *Harpooner (whale), 6-49.40 -, textile card, 8-35.60 *Harvest hand (field crops), 6-22.90 -, wood, 7-33.20 *- - (general), 6-21.10 Grinding-machine operator, lens, 8-91.68 5- - (orchard), 6-23.90 *- -, precision metalworking, 8-34.65 *Harvesting-machine operator (agriculture), 6-28.20 *- setter-operator, precision metalworking, 8-33.70 *- - (forestry), 6-31.90 *Groom, 6-24.90 Hat and cap patternmaker, 7-94.30 *Groover, tire, 9-02.90 *- - sewer, hand, 7-95.90 *Ground hostess (airport), 3-94.90 *- finisher, 7-93.90 *Groundlayer, ceramics decorating, 8-95.90 *- sewer, machine, 7-95.50 '+Groundnut farm worker, 6-22.90 *- trimmer, 7-93.90 *- farmer, 6-12.20 Hat-blocking machine operator, 7-93.30 Groundsman, 6-29.60 *Hat-check girl, 5-99.90 *Grove worker, 6-23.20 *Hatcher and breeder, poultry, 6-12.60 Growers *Hatchery worker, fish, 6-49.20 See Farmers - -, poultry,6-26.20 *Grubber and clearer, 9-99.10 *Hatter's fur chopper, 7-62.90 *Guard, freight train, 9-84.20 *Hawker, 4-52.20 -, prison, 5-89.30 Head cook, 5-31.20 *-, private police force, 5-82.40 - teacher, 1-39.40 *Guest-house keeper (working proprietor), 5-10.40 - waiter, 5-32.20 *- manager, 5-00.90 *Headmaster (approved school), 1-93.40 *Guide, alpine, 5-91.90 *Healer, drugless treatment, 0-79.90 *-, fishing or hunting, 5-91.90 -, faith, 1-49.20 *-, industrial or other establishment, 5-91.90 *Health statistician, 0-81.30 -, sightseeing, 5-91.30 *- visitor, 0-71.30 -, travel, 5-91.20 Heat physicist, 0-12.30 GUIDES, 5-91 Heating and ventilation equipment operator, 9-69.80 *Guitarist, 1-71.40 -, ventilation and refrigeration engineer,0-24.80 Gunsmith, 8-39.20 - refrigeration engineering technician,0-35.50 *Gut stripper, 7-73.90 *Heel attacher, 8-02.90 *Gut-string maker, 9-49.90 *- builder, 8-02.90 *Gynaecologist, 0-61.20 *- burnisher, 8-02.55 *Gyratory breaker operator, 7-12.80 *Helicopter pilot (air transport), 0-41.20 *Helmet maker, 7-93.90 H *Heraldic stamper (printing), 9-29.90 *Haematology technician, 0-54.30 *Herbalist, 0-79.90

327 EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TITLES

Hide and skin grader, 7-61.20 *House agent, 4-41.30 flesher and dehairer (hand), 7-61.30 *- detective, 5-89.20 - - and dehairer (machine), 7-61.35 *- painter, 9-31.20 splitter, 7-61.40 - steward, 5-20.40 *- tanner, 7-61.45 Housebuilder (general), 9-59.10 *- washer, 7-61.90 *Housefather, 1-93.20 *Hide-splitting machine operator, 7-61.40 Housekeeper (except private service), 5-20.20 High climber (logging), 6-31.30 - (private service), 5-20.30 *- commissioner, government, 2-02.10 HOUSEKEEPING AND RELATED SERVICE SUPERVISORS, 5-20 *- court judge, 1-22.10 Housekeeping matron, 5-20.60 *High-speed printer operator (electronic data- Housemaid, 5-40.20 processing), 3-42.90 *Houseman, hotel, 5-52 90 *High-wire artist, 1-75.90 *Housemaster (approved school), 1-93.40 Highway and street construction engineer, 0-22.30 *Housemother, 1-93.20 *- lane marker, 9-39.90 *Hovercraft conductor, 3-60.90 *- patrolman, 5-82.20 *- pilot, 0-42.90 *Histologist, animal, 0-51.30 *Huller (grain milling), 7-71.90 *-, plant 0-51.20 *Hunter (except whale or seal), 6-49.60 *Iiistopathologist, 0-52.60 -, seal, 6-49.50 Historian, 1-92.60 -, whale, 6-49.40 *History teacher (second level), 1-32.40 *Hunting guide, 5-91.90 *- - (third level), 1-31.65 *Husking-machine operator (grain milling), 7-71.90 *Hod carrier, 9-99.10 *Hydraulic systems mechanic, aircraft, 8-44.90 Hoist operator (construction), 9-73.35 Hydraulics engineer, 0-22.55 - (mine), 9-73.40 *Hydrobiologist, 0-51.90 foisting equipment rigger (construction), 9-72.20 *Hydrodynamicist, 0-12.20 - rigger (general), 9-72.05 Hydroelectric station operator, 9-61.30 *Home economics teacher, 1-31.90 *Hydrogen-gas maker, 7-49.90 economist, 1-99.30 Hydrogenation operator (oils and fats), 7-79.30 *Home-help organiser, 1-93.90 Hydrographic surveyor, 0-31.40 *Homogeniser-operator (dairy products), 7-75.90 *Hydrologic engineer, 0-22.55 Honing-machine operator, C 34.70 *Hydrologist, 0-13.20 setter-operator, 8-33.80 *Hypnotist, 1-79.90 Hood former, felt, 7-59.50 *Hop farm worker, 6-23.90 I *- farmer, 6-12.30 Ice-cream maker, 7-75.50 *Horizontal boring-machine operator, *Ice maker, 9-69.70 metalworking, 8-34.50 *Ichthyologist, 0-51.30 *- - setter-operator, metalboring, 8-33.50 *Illumination engineer, 0-23.90 *- drilling-machine operator, metalworking, 8-34.60 *- technician, 0-34.90 *- - setter-operator, metalworking, 8-33.60 *Illusionist, 1-75.30 *- glass-drawing-machine operator, 8-91.40 Illustrator, technical, 0-32.70 *Horse driver, road transport, 9-86.20 *Imam, 1-41.20 *Horse-breaker, 6-24.90 *Immigration officer, 3-10.10 Horticultural farmer, 6-12.70 *Impersonator, 1-73.90 *- technician, 0-54.90 *Import manager, 4-00.20 Horticulturist, 0-53.30 *Importer (working proprietor), 4-10.20 *Hosiery dyer, 7-56.90 Imposer (printing), 9-21.50 - knitting-machine operator, 7-55.30 *Impregnating-machine operator (paper making), 7-34.90 *Hospital aid, 5-99.40 *- - (rubber), 9-01.90 *- pharmacist, 0-67.10 *Impregnator (wood treating), 7-31.30 *Hostel manager, 5-00.90 *Impresario, 1-74.20 *Hostess, aircrew, 5-99.70 Incinerator plant operator, 9-69.60 *-, airport, 3-94.90 *Incising-machine operator (wood treating), 7-31.90 *-, bus, 5-40.90 *Incubator operator, 6-26.20 *-, club, 5-99.90 *Index clerk, 3-95.30 *-, train, 5-40.90 Industrial and commercial products designer, 1-62.40 *Hot strip mill roller, 7-22.20 - arts teacher (third level),1-31.80 *Hot-cell technician, 7-49.40 *- bacteriologist, 0-52.50 Hot-dip plater, 7-28.30 s- design teacher (third level), 1-31.80 *Hot-plate plywood press operator, 7-32.60 *- diamond cutter and polisher, 8-80.30 *Hot-press operator, forging, 8-31.40 - efficiency engineer(general), 0-28.10 Hot-roller (steel), 7-22.20 - electronic equipment fitter, 8-52.50 *Hot-room attendant (bath), 5-70.70 INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERS, 0-28 Hotel and restaurant manager, 5-00.20 Industrial machinery and tools engineer, 0-24.20 *- baggage porter, 5-99.90 *-- pharmacist, 0-11.90 concierge, 5-40.55 *- photographer, 1-63.30 *- keeper (working proprietor), 5-10.20 - psychologist, 1-92.30 - receptionist, 3-94.20 - relations and personnel manager,2-19.80

328 EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TITLES

*Industrial relations officer, 1-94.20 *Internal grinding-machine operator, *- sociologist, 1-92.20 metalworking, 8-34.65 *- technology teacher, 1-31.80 *- - setter-operator, metalworking, 8-33.70 *- truck operator, 9-79.20 *International affairs teacher, 1-31.65 *Information clerk, 3-94.90 *- trade economist, 0-90.20 *Ingot mould-cover liner, 9-51.90 Interpreter, 1-95.40 Injection-moulding-machine operator, plastics, 9-01.50 *Intertype operator, 9-21.30 Inland and coastal waters fisherman, 641.30 *Inventory clerk, furniture depository, 3-91.90 Inlayer, marquetry, 8-19.65 *- clerk, stock control, 3-91.30 *Innkeeper (working proprietor), 5-10.20 *Investigator (private), 5-89.20 Inorganic chemist, 0-11.30 *Investment broker, 4-41.40 'Inquiries clerk, 3-94.90 *- clerk, 3-39.40 Inquiry agent, private, 5-89.20 *Invoice clerk, 3-39.90 *Inseminator, artificial (livestock), 6-24.90 *- section supervisor, 3-00.90 *-, - (poultry breeding), 6-26.90 *- typist, 3-21.40 Inspector and tester, electrical and electronic *Invoicing-machine operator, 341.20 products, 8-59.20 *Inward-freight clerk, 3-91.20 -, mechanical products,8-49.85 *Ironer, hand, 5-60.70 child care, 1-93.90 *-, machine, 5-60.60 *-, fabrics, 7-54.70 *- shoe finishing, 8-02.55 *-, government administration, 3-10.10 *Irrigation engineer, 0-22.55 -, quality, 9-49.80 Irrigator, 6-29.50 - , railway transportservice, 3-59.30 *Ivory carver, 949.90 - , road passenger transportservice, 3-59.45 ,school, 1-39.50 *Installation electrician, buildings, 8-55.20 *Jackhammer driller (mine and quarry), 7-11.30 Installer and erector, machinery, 8.41.75 Jacquard card cutter, 7-53.50 *- mechanic, refrigeration and air-conditioning *- lacer, 7-53.90 equipment, 8-41.80 *-- carpet weaver, 7-54.60 Installer, telephone and telegraph, 8-56.20 design copyist, 7-53.40 *Instructor *- lace weaver, 7-54.50 See Introduction; code to craft; Teachers *- loom fixer, 7-53.20 *- (sport), 1-80.30 - weaver, 7-54.45 -, flying, 0-41.60 Janitor, 5-51.30 *Instrument assembler (precision instruments), 842.40 *Jarring-machine moulder, 7-25.40 *- engineer (mechanical), 0-24.90 *Jazz singer, 1-71.45 fitter, electrical, 8-51.50 *Jet motor engineer, 0-24.30 *- -, electronics, 8-52.90 *Jewel cutter and polisher, 8-80.30 *- maker and repairer (optical instruments), 8-42.35 *- setter, 8-80.40 *- - repairer (precision instruments), 8-42.30 Jeweller (general), 8-80.10 *- - repairer (scientific, surgical or dental Jewellery and precious metal workers, 8-8 instruments, 842.90 JEWELLERY AND PRECIOUS METAL WORKERS, 8-80 *- man (surveying), 0-33.30 *Jewellery designer, 1-61.90 *Instrument-case maker, 8-11.90 *- enameller, 8-80.90 Instrumentalist, 1-71.40 - engraver, 8-80.80 *Instrumentation engineer (electronic), 0-23.90 *- mounter, 8-80.90 *- technician (electronic), 0-34.90 - repairer,8-80.20 *- - (mechanical), 0-35.90 *- soldering-machine operator, 8-72.90 Insulator, acoustical, 9-56.40 Jib-crane operator (stationary), 9-73.25 boiler and pipe, 9-56.50 Jig and gauge maker, 8-32.30 -, building (hand),9-56.20 *- maker, plastics, 9-01.80 - (machine), 9-56.30 tender, 7-12.50 -, refrigeration andair-conditioning equipment, 9-56.60 Jiggerman, pottery and porcelain, 8-92.30 INSULATORS, 9-56 *Jigsaw operator, 8-12.20 *Insurance agent, 4-41.20 *Job analyst, 1-94.40 *- broker, 4-41.20 *- printer, 9-21.10 *- claims section supervisor, 3-00.90 *Jobber, stock, 4-41.90 - clerk, 3-93.50 *Jobbing gardener, 6-27.40 - salesman, 4-41.20 * Jockey, 1-80.20 *- underwriter, 1-99.50 Joiner, aircraft, 9-54.60 INSURANCE, REAL ESTATE AND SECURITIES SALESMEN, 441 *-, bench, 9-54.70 Insurance, real estate, securities and business services - , construction,9-54.20 salesmen and auctioneers, 4-4 *-, general, 9-54.10 *Intaglio cutter (glass engraving), 8-94.20 *-, ship, 9-54.45 *Interest-accrual bookkeeper, 3-31.20 Jointer, electric cable, 8-57.50 Interior decoration designer, 1-62.30 *-, pipe-laying, 9-59.50 Internal combustion engine fitter-assembler (except *Jollier, pottery and porcelain, 8-92.30 aircraft and marine engines), 841.15 *Jolting-machine moulder, 7-25.40 v- - motor engineer, 0-24.30 *Journalism teacher, 1-31.70 EXPANDED ALPHABETICALLIST OF TITLES

Journalist, 1-59.15 Judge, 1-22.10 *Laminating-machine operator (paper making),7-34.90 *- (sport), 1-80.40 Laminator, plastics, 9-01.65 *Judge's clerk, 3-93.40 Land surveyor, 0-31.20 JUDGES, 1-22 Landscape architect, 0-21.40 *Juggler, 1-75.90 *- artist, 1-61.30 Languages and literature teacher (second Jurist (except lawyeror judge), 1-29.10 level), 1-32.15 Jurists, 1-2 *- - teacher (third level), 1-31.70 *Lapidary, 8-80.30 *Justowriter operator, 3-21.90 *Jute farm worker, 6-22.90 Lapper, fibre, 7-51.40 *- farmer, 6-12.20 *Lapping-machine operator (metalworking),8-34.90 *- operator (textile fibres), 7-51.40 *- setter-operator (metalworking),8-33.90 K Laster, 8-02.45 *Lasting-machine operator, 8-02.45 *Keeper, lighthouse, 9-89.40 *Latex treater, 7-49.90 *-, lock, 9-89.30 Lathe operator, 8-34.20 *-, sports grounds, 6-29.60 *- -, glass, 8-91.90 *-, zoo, 6-24.90 *- -, metal spinning, 8-39.40 *Kennel keeper (working proprietor),6-12.40 - -, stone, 8-20.50 *- worker, 6-24.90 *- -, veneer cutting, 7-32.40 *Kettle operator (chemical and relatedprocesses), 7-42.20 *- -, wood turning, 8-12.30 *Key maker, piano, 9-41.70 - setter-operator, 8-33.20 *Key-punch operator, 3-22.20 (woodworking), 8-12.40 *Kibbler, cocoa-bean, 7-77.90 *Lather (plastering), 9-55.90 *Kiln bricklayer, 9-51.30 *- emptier, ceramics, 8-93.90 Launderer (general), 5-60.10 *- operator (charcoal burning), 7-49.30 LAUNDERERS, DRY-CLEANERSAND PRESSERS, 5-60 Laundering-machine operator, 5-60.20 *- - (chemical and related processes),742.40 *- - (wood seasoning), 7-31.20 Laundry pressing-machineoperator, 5-60.60 *Lavatory attendant, 5-99.90 s- setter-in, ceramics, 8-93.90 *Law clerk, 3-93.40 Kilnman, brick and tile, 8-93.60 -, malting, 7-78.25 *- teacher, 1-31.50 Lawyer;-141.10 poitcy and porcelain, 8-93.50 LAWYERS, 1-21 Kindergarten teacher, 1-34.20 *Lay worker, 1-49.90 *Knacker, 7-73.90 *Layer-on, printing press, 9-22.90 *Knife sharpener, itinerant, 8-35.90 *Layout engineer, 0-28.90 Knitter, hand, 7-55.50 - man, stonework, 8-20.40 - (hand-operated machine), 7-55.40 *Lead blender (petroleum refining), 7-45.60 KNrrrERs, 7-55 - burner, 8-72.40 Knitting-machine operator (garment), 7-55.20 - - (hosiery), 7-55.30 *Lead-light fixer, 9-57.50 *Lead-oxide maker, 7-49.90 *- (milanese, raschel, tricot), 7-55.90 - setter, 7-53.30 Leaded glass glazier, 9-57.50 *Knitwear dyer, 7-56.90 *Leaf conditioner (tobacco), 7-81.40 *Kosher cutter, 7-73.20 - maker, precious metal, 8-80.70 *Leaf-stripping-machine operator (tobacco),7-81.60 *Leakman, paraffin plant, 7-45.70 L *Leather chemist, 0-11.20 - currier, 7-61.50 *Laboratory animal raiser, 6-12.40 - cutter, 8-0330 *- technician, biology, 0-54.20 *- dyer (vat), 7-61.55 *- -, chemistry, 0-14.20 - and stainer, 7-61.55 *- -, medical, 0-54.30 *- - stainer (hand), 7-61.90 *- -, physics, 0-14.30 *- - stainer (spray), 7-61.90 *Labour conciliator, 1-94.20 - garment cutter, 7-94.60 *- economist, 0-90.20 - hand sewer, 7-95.30 Labourer, 9-99.10 - glove cutter, 7-94.80 *- (general), 9-99.10 - goods assembler, 8-03.60 *- (mining and quarrying), 7-11.90 - maker (general), 8-03.10 Lace weaver (machine), 7-54.50 LEATHER GOODS MAKERS, 8-03 *Lace-making-machine operator, 7-54.50 Leather sewer, hand, 8-03.40 *Lacing-machine operator (Jacquard cards),7-53.90 - -, hand (gar tents), 7-95.30 *Ladder maker (wood), 8-19.90 -, machine, 8-03.50 *Ladies' hairdresser, 5-70.20 *- -, machine (garments andgloves), 7-95.50 *Ladleman (metal casting), 7-24.20 *- stretcher, 7-61.90 *Ladler, glass, 8-91.90 *- tanner, 7-61.45 *Lady's companion, 5-40.40 *- maid, 5-40.30 *- technician, 0-39.90 *- technologist, 0-29.90 *Lagger, boiler and pipe, 9-56.50 *Laminated glass worker, 8-91.90 *Leather-buffing-machine operator, 7-61.90 *Leather-polishing-machine operator, 7-61.90 330 EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TITLES

*Lecturers Lock operator (canal or port), 9-89.30 See Teachers Locksmith, 8-39.30 *Ledger clerk, 3-31.20 *Locomotive crane operator, 9-73.90 *Legal adviser, 1-29.10 *- driver, 9-83.20 - clerk, 3-93.40 *- -, mine and quarry, 9-83.60 Legislative official, 2-01.10 *- driver's assistant, 9-83.40 LEGISLATIVE OFFICIALS, 2-01 *- fireman, 9-83.30 Legislative officials and government administrators, 2-0 *- (steam) engineer, 0-24.30 *Lehr attendant, 8-93.30 *Lodging-house keeper (working proprietor), 5-10.90 Lens grinding-machine operator, 8-91.68 *Loftsman, 8-74.20 - moulder, glass, 8-91.32 *Log chipper (machine), 7-33.30 polishing-machine operator, 8-91.72 *- scaler, 6-31.90 Letter cutter, stone (hand), 8-20.60 *Log-raft maker, 6-31.40 *Letterer, signwriting, 9-39.50 Logger (general), 6-31.10 *Letterpress operator (cylinder), 9-22.20 LOGGERS, 6-31 *- (platen), 9-22.25 *Longshoreman, 9-71.20 * - (rotary), 9-22.30 *Lookout man (forest fire), 6-32.50 *Lexicologist, 1-95.20 Loom fixer, 7-53.20 Librarian, 1-91.20 *- operator, carpet weaving, 7-54.60 LIBRARIANS, ARCHIVISTS AND CURATORS, 1-91 *- -, cloth weaving, except Jacquard looms, 7-54.40 *Librarianship teacher, 1-31.90 *- lace making, 7-54.50 LIBRARY AND FILING CLERKS, 3-95 *- -, Jacquard, 7-54.45 Library clerk, 3-95.20 - threader (hand), 7-54.20 *Life sciences teacher (third level), 1-31.30 - - (machine), 7-54.25 LIFE SCIENCES TECHNICIANS, 0-54 Lorry and van driver (local transport), 9-85.50 Life scientists and related technicians, 0-5 - - driver (long-distance transport), 9-85.60 *Life-guard, 5-89.90 *- loader, 9-71.30 *Lifeboatman, 9-81.90 *Loss assessor, 4-43.30 *Lift attendant, 5-99.90 *Lubrication engineer, 0-24.90 Lifting-truck operator, 9-79.20 *- engineering technician, 0-35.90 Light physicist, 0-12.40 *Lubricator (except ships' engines), 8-49.80 *Lighterman, 9-81.90 *Ludlow casting-machine operator, 9-21.40 Lighthouse man, 9-89.40 *Lumber-carrier driver, 9-79.50 *Lightshipman, 9-81.90 *Lumberjack, 6-31.10 Lineman, electric power, 8-57.20 *Lyric writer, 1-59.90 *- - power (underground), 8-57.90 - traction, 8-57.30 M -, telephone and telegraph, 8-57.40 *Lingerie maker (throughout), 7-91.90 Macaroni maker, 7-76.40 *Lining-machine operator, cardboard, 9-10.40 Machine and hand sewer (general), 7-95.10 *Linisher, metalworking (hand), 8-35.90 - embroiderer, 7-95.70 *-, - (machine), 8-35.20 - labeller, 9-71.60 *Link- and link-knitting machine operator (garment), - packer, 9-71.55 7-55.20 - riveter, 8-74.65 Linoleum maker, 949.30 - setter, metalworking (general), 8-33.05 Linotype operator, 9 1130 - setter-operator, metalworking, (general), 8-33.10 *Lion tamer, 1-75.90 Machine-tool fitter-assembler, metalworking, 841.35 *Liquefaction-plant operator (liquefied gases), 7-49.90 - operator (general), 8-34.10 *Liqueur maker, 7-78.90 MACHINE-TOOL OPERATORS, 8-34 *Listing clerk, 3-93.90 MACHINE-TOOL MI IER-OPERATORS, 8-33 *Literary agent, 1-99.90 Machinery and tools engineer, industrial, 0-24.20 *- critic, 1-51.30 - erector and installer, 8-41.75 *Literature teacher (second level), 1-32.15 - fitter (general), 8-41.05 *- - (third level), 1-31.70 - fitter-assembler (general), 841.10 *Lithographer (ceramics decorating), 8-95.40 MACHINERY FITTERS AND MACHINE ASSEMBLERS, 8-41 Lithographic artist, 0-32.80 Machinery fitters, machine assemblers and precision- *- pressman (direct litho), 9-22.50 instrument makers (except electrical), 8-4 *- pressman (offset), 9-22.40 Machinery mechanic (general), 8-49.10 - stone engraver, 9-24.15 Magician, 1-75.30 *- transferrer, 9-24.50 *Magistrate, police court, 1-22.10 *- tuscher, 9-24.90 *Magnetic separator (ores), 7-12.90 Livestock farmer, 6-12.40 *Magneto fitter, 8-51.20 - worker (general), 6-24.10 *Mahout, 9-86.90 LIVESTOCK WORKERS, 6-24 *Maid, except private service, 5-40.50 Load dispatcher (electric power), 9-61.70 *-, kitchen, 5-40.90 Loader, aircraft, 9-71.35 *-, linen, 5-40.90 *-, boat and ship (except liquids and gases), 9-71.20 *-, personal, 5-40.30 *-, - ship (liquids and gases), 9-71.40 *-, private service, 5-40.20 -, railway and road vehicle, 9-71.30 *-, parlour, 5-40.90

331 EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TITLES

MAIL DISTRIBUTION CLERKS,3-70 Marine superintendent (technical), 0-43.30 Mail sorting clerk, 3-70.20 *- surveyor, 0-31.40 *Mail-order store manager, 4-00.30 tMarker, garment cutting, 7-94.40 *Mail-van driver, 9-85.90 *-, glass engraving, 8-94.90 *Mailman, 3-70.30 *-, goods (machine), 9- 71.69 *Mails supervisor, 3-59.80 *-, laundry, 5-60.90 *Mains layer and jointer, 9-59.50 -, metal, 8-32.50 *Maintenance carpenter, 9-54.90 -, sheet-metal, 8-73.20 - electrician, 8-55.60 -, structural metal, 8-74.20 *- fitter, 8-49.70 *-, woodworking, 8-19.90 - foreman, workshop Market garden worker, 6-27.20 See Supervisors and general foremen, s- gardener (working proprietor), 6-12.70 production - research analyst, 0-90.30 - man, buildings, 9-59.20 Marquetry inlayer, 8-19.65 *Maitre d'hôtel, 5-32.20 *Mash-tub man (malt preparation), 7-78.30 *Maize farmer, 6-12.20 *Mashman (yeast production), 7-78.40 Make-up man (stage and studio), 5-70.60 *Mason, monumental, 8-20.80 *Maker -up, photo-type-setting, 9-21.90 *-, paving, 9-51.60 -, printing, 9-21.45 -, stone (construction), 9-51.40 Malt cooker, 7-78.30 *-, stucco, 9-55.30 *- fireman, 7-78.25 Masseur, 0-76.40 *Malt-vinegar maker, 7-78.70 *Mast and spar maker, wood, 9-54.90 *Ma lister, 7-78.20 Master, ship's (inland waterways), 042.20 *Mammalogist, 0-51.30 -, ship's (sea), 0-42.15 *Manager, accounting and budgeting department, 2-19.50*Masticator operator, rubber, 9-01.20 -, administration, 2-19.40 *Match-making-machine operator, 9-49.90 *-, advertising department, 2-19.90 *Matcher, fur, 7-92.40 *-, budgeting and accounting department, 2-19.50 *Mate, ship's, 0-42.30 -, development and research, 2-19.20 MATERIAL AND PRODUCTION PLANNING CLERKS,3-92 -, farm, 6-00.20 Material handling and related equipment operators, -, general, 2-11.10 dockers and freight handlers, 9-7 -, hotel and restaurant, 5-00.20 Material planning clerk, 3-92.20 - , industrial relations and personnel, 2-19.80 Mathemical statistician, 0-81.20 -, production (except farm), 2-12.10 *- technician, 0-84.90 *-, public relations department, 2-19.90 Mathematician (applied mathematics), 0-82.30 *-, purchasing department, 2-19.90 (pure mathematics), 0-82.20 *-, regional (transport), 2-19.60 MATHEMATICIANS AND ACTUARIES,0-82 -, research and development, 2-19.20 Mathematics teacher (second level), 1-32.20 ,retail trade, 4-00.30 *- - (third level), 1-31.40 -, sales (except wholesale and retail trade), 2-19.30 *Matron, nursing, 0-71.10 IL-, supplies department, 2-19.90 Matron-housekeeper, 5-20.60 *-, transport operations department, 2-19.60 *Mattress cutter, 7-94.90 *-, warehousing department, 2-19.90 - maker, 7-96.40 -, wholesale trade, 4-00.20 *- patternmaker, 7-94.90 Managers, 2-1 *- sewer, hand, 7-95.90 MANAGERS (CATERING AND LODGING SERVICES),5.00 *- -, machine, 7-95.50 MANAGERS (WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE),4-00 *Mayor, 2-01.10 *Managing director, 2-11.10 Meat and fish smoker, 7-74.60 Manicurist, 5-70.50 *- boner, 7-73.90 Manipulator (rolling mill), 7-22.70 *- butcher (general), 7-73.10 *Mannequin, 4-51.40 *- curer, 7-74.50 *Manservant, 5-40.30 - cutter, 7-73.30 *Manufacturer's representative (sales), 4-32.30 *- dresser (general), 7-73.10 Manufacturers' agent, 4-32.30 *- grader, 7-73.90 *Map maker, 0-32.60 *- porter, 9-71.45 *Maple syrup tapper, 6-29.40 *- trimmer, 7-73.90 *Marble polisher, 8-20.20 *Meat-preserving cook, 7-74.10 - setter, 9-51.45 *Mechanic and installer, refrigeration and *Marbler, edge (bookbinding), 9-26.90 air-conditioning equipment, 8-41.80 *Margarine process worker, 7-79.90 - , agricultural machinery, 8-49.55 *Marine architect, 0-24.50 -, aircraft engine (general), 8-44.10 *- biologist, 0-51.90 -, - engine service, 8-44.20 *- cartographer, 0-32.60 -, automobile, 8-43.20 - engine fitter-assembler, 8-41.25 *-, bus, 8-43.90 - engineer, 0-24.40 *-, dental, 8-42.50 - - officer, 0-43.20 -, diesel engine (except motor vehicle), 8-49.20 *- engineering technician, 0-35.20 -, earth-moving equipment and construction - pipe fitter, 8-71.30 machinery, 849.60 - superintendent (deck), 0-42.50 *-, industrial machinery (general), 8-49.10

332 EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TITLES

Mechanic, metalworking machine-tool, 849.30 *Metal dresser, 7-29.30 -, mining machinery, 8-49.35 - engraving etcher, 9-24.60 -, motor-cycle, 843.40 - former (hand), 8-39.50 -, motor-truck, 843.30 METAL GRINDERS, POLISHERS AND TOOL -, office machines, 849.65 SHARPENERS,8-35 -, plant maintenance, 849.70 Metal marker, 8-32.50 -, printing machinery, 849.40 METAL MELTERS AND REHEATERS,7-23 -, radio and television, 8-54.20 METAL MOULDERS AND COREMAKERS,7-25 -, reciprocating steam-engine,849.15 Metal pattern maker (foundry), 8-32.40 *-, ship, 849.90 METAL PLATERS AND CONFERS,7-28 -, telephone and telegraph, 8-56.30 Metal pourer, 7-24.20 -, textile machinery, 849.45 - printing plate, roller and die engraver(hand), 9-24.20 *-, tractor, 8-43.90 - roller engraver(machine), 9-24.40 *-, trucks, 8-43.30 Metal processors, 7-2 -, turbine (except aircraft andmarine *Metal products assembler, 849.90 turbines), 8-49.25 METAL ROLLING-MILL WORKERS,7-22 -, woodworking machinery, 849.50 Metal roofer, 9-53.50 Mechanical draughtsman, 0-32.20 - shipwright, 8-74.50 *- engineer (aeronautical), 0-24.60 METAL SMELTING, CONVERTING AND REFINING *- - (automotive), 0-24.70 FURNACEMEN,7-21 - - (general),0-24.10 Metal spinner, 8-39.40 *- - (heating, ventilation and refrigeration), 0-24.80 - sprayer, 7-28.50 *- - (industrial machinery and tools), 0-24.20 - wind-instrument maker, 941.40 *- - (marine), 0-24.40 Metal-bending-machine operator, 8-39.70 - - (motors and engines, exceptmarine), 0-24.30 *Metal-boring-machine operator, 8-34:50 *- - (nuclear power), 0-24.85 *- setter-operator, 8-33.50 - engineering technician (general),0-35.10 *Metal-buffing-and-polishing-machine operator, 8-35.20 - - technician (motorsand engines), 0-35.20 *Metal-drilling-machine operator, 8-34.60 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING TECHNICIANS,0-35 *- setter-operator, 8-33.60 MECHANICAL ENGINEERS,0-24 *Metal-grinding-machine operator, 8-34.65 Mechanical products inspector and tester, 849.85 *- setter-operator, 8-33.70 *- shovel operator, 9-74.20 *Metal-honing-machine setter-operator, 8-33.80 Mechanics physicist, 0-12.20 *Metal-milling-machine operator, 8-34.30 Medical assistant, 0-62.10 *- setter-operator, 8-33.50 MEDICAL ASSISTANTS,0-62 Metal-mining engineer, 0-27.30 *Medical bacteriologist, 0-52.50 *-technician, 0-33.90 *- consultant (insurance), 0-61.90 *Metal-planing-machine operator, 8-34.40 MEDICAL DOCTORS,0-61 *- setter-operator, 8-33.40 Medical pathologist, 0-52.60 Metal-press operator, 8-39.60 *- photographer, 1-63.90 *Metal-reamer operator, 8-34.60 *- practitioner (general), 0-61.05 *- setter-operator, 8-33.60 *- science teacher, 1-31.30 Metal-sawing-machine operator, 8-34.75 - - technician, 0-54.30 *Metal-shaping-machine operator, 8-34.90 *- service physician (schools), 0-61.90 *- setter-operator, 8-33.90 *- social worker, 1-93.20 *Metallurgical chemist, 0-11.30 *- therapy teacher, 1-31.75 - technician, extractive,0-37.20 - X-ray technician, 0-77.10 - -, physical, 0-37.30 MEDICAL X-RAY TECHNICIANS,0-77 METALLURGICAL TECHNICIANS,0-37 Medical, dental, veterinary and related workers, 0-6/0-7 Metallurgist, extractive, 0-26.20 *Member of parliament, 2-01.10 -, physical, 0-26.30 *Men's hairdresser, 5-70.30 *-, radioactive minerals, 0-26.90 *Mental welfare worker, 1-93.50 METALLURGISTS,0-26 *Mentally handicapped, teacher of the, 1-35.40 *Metalwork teacher, 1-32.80 *Merchandise buyer (wholesale or retail trade), 4-22.20 *Metalworking automatic transfer-machine *Merchant, wholesale (working proprietor), 4-10.20 operator, 8-34.80 *Merry-go-round operator, 5-99.90 *- lathe operator, 8-34.20 *Mess cook (ship), 5-31.50 *- - setter-operator, 8-33.20 *- steward, 5-32.10 - machine setter(general), 8-33.05 Messenger, 3-70.40 - - setter-operator(general), 8-33.10 *Metal aircraft fitter-assembler, 841.85 - machine-toolfitter-assembler, 841.35 METAL ANNEALERS, TEMPERERS AND CASE- - mechanic, 849.30 HARDENERS,7-26 *- machine-tool operator (general), 8-34.10 Metal bluer, 7 -29.20 *_ numerical-control-machine setter-operator, 8-33.85 METALcAarEas, 7-24 *Meteorological electronic equipment fitter, 8-52.90 Metal cleaner, 7-29.40 *- instrument maker, 842.30 *- cutter, electric arc (machine), 8-72.90 - scientist, 0-13.40 *- -, flame (hand), 8-72.50 Methods engineer, 0-28.20 *- -, flame (machine), 8-72.55 *Microbiologist, 0-52.50 METALDRAWERS AND EXTRUDERS,7-27 *Microelectronics assembler, 8-53.90

333 EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TITLES

*Micropalaeontologist, 0-13.30 *Mixer, dough (bread), 7-76.20 *Microphone operator, 8-62.30 *-, flour confectionery, 7-76.30 *Microphotographer, 1-63.90 *-, glass making, 8-99.20 Midwife, auxiliary, 0-74.10 *-, glaze, 8-99.50 -, professional, 0-73.10 *-, ice-cream, 7-75.50 *Migrant farm worker (general), 6-21.10 , operator, concrete, 9-74.70 *Milch goat farm hand, 6-25.90 *-, snuff, 7-89.20 *Military science instructor, 1-31.90 *-, sugar confectionery, 7-76.60 Milk farmer, 6-12.50 *-, tobacco, 7-81.30 *- process worker, 7-75.90 Mixing- and blending-machine operator (chemical *- producer (farm), 6-12.50 and related processes), 7-41.40 *Milker (hand), 6-25.90 *Mixing-machine operator, fur fibres, 7-59.45 *Milking-machine operator, 6-25.20 *Mixing-mill operator, rubber, 9-01.20 Miller, grain, 7-71.20 Mixing-plant operator, concrete, 9-74.75 *-, mustard, 7-71.90 Mobile crane operator, 9-73.30 *-, oil-seed, 7-79.20 *Model, artist's, 5-99.90 ,rice, 7-71.30 - maker, wooden, 8-19.40 *-, snuff, 7-89.20 *-, clothing display, 4-51.40 -, spice, 7-71.40 - , fashion, 4-51.40 Miller-grinder (chemical and related processes), 7-41.30 Modeller, pottery and porcelain, 8-92.15 Milliner, 7-93.20 *-, sculpture, 1-61.20 MILLINERS AND HATMAKERS, 7-93 *Mogul operator (sugar confectionery), 7-76.60 Milling-machine operator, 8-34.30 *Molecular physicist, 0-12.80 - setter-operator, 8-33.30 *Molybdenum floatation man, 7-12.60 *Millman, clay, 8-99.30 Money changer, 3-31.50 ,rubber, 9-01.20 *Monk, 1-41.40 *Millwright, 8-49.70 *Monotype casting-machine operator, 9-21.40 *Mimeographer, 3-99.50 - keyboard operator, 9-21.35 Mine and quarry brakeman, 9-84.50 Monument carver-setter, 8-20.80 - cageman, 9-73.45 *Monumental mason, 8-20.80 *- carpenter (rough carpentry), 9-54.90 *Moral welfare worker, 1-93.20 *- electrician, 8-55.90 *Morphologist, 1-95.20 *- machinery mechanic, 8-49.35 *Morse operator, 3-80.40 *- or quarry railway engine driver, 9-83.60 *Mortgage clerk, 3-39.40 - surveyor, 0-31.30 *Mortician, 5-92.20 Miner (general), 7-11.05 *Morticing-machine operator (woodworking), 8-12.90 - , hydraulic (placer mining), 7-11.90 Mosaic cutter and setter, 9-51.55 *MINERAL AND STONE TREATERS, 7-12 *Motel keeper (working proprietor), 5-10.20 Mineral crushing-machine operator, 7-12.30 *- manager, 5-00.20 - milling-machine operator, 7-12.40 Motion picture camera operator, 1-63.60 Mineralogist, 0-13.90 *- cartoonist, 1-61.40 *MINERS AND QUARRYMEN, 7-11 - producer, 1-74.30 Miners, quarrymen, well drillers and related workers, 7-1 - -, radio and television director, 1-73.40 *Miniature painter, 1-61.90 *- study engineer, 0-28.30 Mining engineer (coal), 0-27.20 *- - technician, 0-39.30 *- - (diamonds), 0-27.90 *Motor boatman, 9-81.90 - - (general), 0-27.10 - bus driver, 9-85.40 - - (metal), 0-27.30 - cyclist, 9-85.70 *- - (petroleum and natural gas), 0-27.40 *- patrolman (police), 5-82.20 MINING ENGINEERS, 0-27 *Motor-car designer, 0-24.70 *Mining geologist, 0-13.30 *- driver (private), 9-85.90 - machinery fitter-assembler, 8-41.40 *- - (taxi), 9-85.30 - - mechanic, 8-49.35 Motor-cycle mechanic, 843.40 - technician (general), 0-38.10 *- patrolman, 5-82.20 MINING TECHNICIANS, 0-38 *Motor-racing driver, 1-80.20 *Mining technology teacher, 1-31.80 *Motor-tricycle driver (goods), 9-85.70 Mining-machine operator, continuous, 7-11.40 *- driver (taxi), 9-85.30 *Minister, government, 2-01.10 Motor-truck mechanic, 8-43.30 - of religion, 1-41.20 *Motor-vehicle body repainter, 9-39.60 MINISTERS OF RELIGION AND RELATED MEMBERS idol OR-VEHICLE DXIVERS 9-85 OF RELIGIOUS ORDERS, 1-41 *Motor-vehicle mechanic (automobiles), 8-43.20 *Mink farm worker, 6-24.50 MOTOR-VEHICLE MECHANICS, 8-43 Mirror silverer, 8-95.70 Motorised farm equipment operator, 6-28.20 *Mirror-finish polisher, metalworking, 8-35.90 *Motorman, railway, 9-83.20 Missionary, 1-41.30 *-, tramcar, 9-85.20 *Mixed farmer, 6-11.10 *-, underground or elevated train, 9-83.50 Mixer, abrasives, 8-99.60 Mould maker, pottery and porcelain, 8-92.20 - and blender, fibre, 7-51.25 Moulder, abrasive wheel, 8-92.60 *_, chocolate making, 7-76.50 -, bench (metal), 7-25.20

334 EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TITLES

Moulder, brick and tile (hand), 8-.-'2.40 *Neurosurgeon, 0.61.30 *-, candlemaking, 949.60 *News commentator (broadcasting), 1-59.35 *-, chocolate, 7-76.90 - photographer, 1-63.40 *-, cigar (hand), 7-82.20 *Newscaster, 1-79.20 *-, electrotype, 9-23.30 *Newspaper correspondent, 1-59.15 -, floor and pit, 7-25.30 *- editor-in-chief, 1-59.20 -, glass lens, 8-91.32 *- reporter, 1-59.30 -, machine, 7-25.40 *- sub-editor, 1-59.25 s-, stereotype, 9-23.20 Newsvendor, 4-52.40 - , tire, 9-02.30 *Night watchman, 5-89.40 *Moulding-machine operator, glass, 8-91.36 *Night-club hostess, 5-99.90 - -, plastics (compression), 9-01.55 *Nitrider, 7-26.40 - -, plastics (injection), 9-01.50 NON-METALLIC MINERAL PRODUCT MAKERS, 9-43 Moulding-press operator, rubber, 9-01.35 *Normaliser (metal treating), 7-26.20 *Mounter, photogravure, 9-25.90 *Notary, 1-29.10 *Mucker (except mine), 9-99.10 *Novelist, 1-51.20 *- (mine and quarry), 7-11.90 *Nuclear chemist, 0-11.40 *Mud-plant operator (oil and gas wells), 7-13.90 *- engineering technician, 0.35.90 *Mule spinner, 7-52.20 - physicist, 0-12.80 *Mule-train driver, 9-86.90 - power engineer, 0-24.85 *Multi-spindle drilling-machine setter-operator *Nuclear-power-reactor operator, 9-61.40 (metalworking), 8-33.60 Numerical-control-machine setts- operator, 8-33.85 *Municipal accountant, 1-10.10 *Nun, 1-41.40 *Museum curator, 1-91.40 Nurse, anaesthetist, 0-71.20 *- guard, 5-89.40 -, auxiliary, 0-72.10 *- guide, 5-91.30 *-, clinic, 0-71.10 *Mushroom farm worker, 6-29.90 *-, consultant, 0-71.90 *- grower, 6-12.90 *-, district, 0-71.10 *Music composer, 1-71.20 *-, industrial, 0-71.40 *- critic, 1-51.30 41-, maternity, 0.71.20 *- director, 1-71.90 *-, obstetrics, 0-71.20 *- engraver (printing), 9-24.90 - , occupational health, 0-71.40 *- teacher (private), 1-71.40 41-, orthopaedic, 0-71.20 *- - (second level). 1-32.50 *-, pediatric, 0-71.20 *- - (third level), 1-31.90 *-, practical, 0.72.10 *- transcriber, 1-71.30 *-, private, 0-71.90 *Musical instrument maker, metal ( wind), 9-41.40 -, professional (general), 0.71.10 *- - (stringed), 9-41.20 41-, psychiatric, 0-71.20 *- - - (woodwind), 941.30 ,public health, 0.71.30 MUSICAL INSTRUMENT MAKERS AND TUNERS, 941 *-, school, 0-71.90 Musical instrument tuner, 9-41.E0 -, specialised, 0-71.20 *- programme director, 1-71.90 Nursemaid, 5-4035 *Musician, instrumental, 1-71.40 *Nursery school teacher, 1-34.90 *Mustard miller, 7-71.90 - worker, 6-27.30 *Mycologist, 0-51.20 NURSERY WORKERS AND GARDENERS, 6-27 *Nurseryman (working proprietor), 6-12.70 Nursing aid, 5-99.40 N *- teacher (advanced), 1-31.75 *- - (elementary), 1-32.75 *Nail-making-machine operator, 8-39.90 *Nut farmer, 6-12.30 Nailer, fur, 7-92.60 *- maker, 8-39.90 *Nannie, 5-40.35 *Nut-grinding-machine operator, 7-79.90 Natural science teacher (second level), 1-32.30 Nutritionist, public health, 0-69.20 *Naturalist (taxidermist), 9-49.20 *Nylon spinner, 7-49.35 *Nautical instrument maker, 8-42.30 *Naval architect, 0-24.50 Navigating officer, ship's, 042.30 0 *Navigation teacher, 1-31.90 Navigator, flight, 0.41.40 *Navvy, 9-99.10 *Obstetrician, 0.61.20 *Needle maker, 8-39.90 Occupational analyst, 1.94.40 *Negative developer (black-and-white *- guidance officer, 1-94.30 photography), 9-27.30 - health nurse, 0-71.40 *- - (colour photography), 9-27.20 *- psychologist, 1-92.30 *Neon-lighting electrician, 8-55.90 - therapist, 0-76.30 Net maker (hand), 7-59.40 therapy teacher, 1-31.75 - - (machine), 7-54.65 *Oceanographer, geological, 0-13.30 *Neurologist, 0-52.40 4or-, geophysical, 0-13.20 *Neuropathologist, 0-52.60 *Offal man, 7-73.90

335 EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TITLES

Office cashier, 3-31.30 *Ostrich raiser, 6-12.40 *- cleaner, 5-52.20 *Otolaryngologist, 0-61.20 - clerk (general), 3-93.10 *Outside painter, construction, 9-31.20 - machine operator (reproductionprocesses), 3-99.50 *- salesman, 4-52.30 - machinery fitter-assembler, 8-41.70 *Oven bricklayer, 9-51.30 - machines mechanic, 8-49.65 *- drawer, ceramics, 8-93.90 Offset pressman, 9-22.40 *- tender (paint drying), 742.90 Oil and gas well-drilling rigger, 9-72.50 *Overman, biscuits, 7-76.90 *Oil blender (petroleum refining), 745.60 *-, bread, 7-76.20 *- dispatcher (pipelines), 3-59.90 *-, brick and tile, 8-93.60 *- geologist, 0-13.30 *-, chemical and related processes, 742.40 - pressman (edible oils), 7-79.20 coke production, 749.20 Oiler and greaser (except ship's engines), 8-49.80 *-, flour confectionery, 7-76.30 - -, ship, 9-82.30 pottery and porcelain, 8-93.50 Oilwell fishing-tool operator, 7-13.90 *Overhead wireman (electric power), 8-57.20 * Olericulturist, 0-53.30 *- - (- traction), 8-57.30 *Onsetter, mine, 9-73.45 *- - (telephone and telegraph), 8-57.40 *Open-hearth fumaceman (metal melting), 7-23.20 Overseers, workshop or factory - - (steel), 7-21.30 See Supervisors and general foremen, Opening-bridge operator, 9-73.55 production *Opera singer, 1-71.45 Overseer-foreman, specialised craft *Operations agent, air transport, 3-59.70 See Introduction; code to craft - manager (postal or telecommunications Oxygen fumaceman (steel converting), 7-21.40 services), 2-19.70 Oyster farm worker, 6-49.30 research analyst, 0-82.40 *Ophthalmologist, 0-61.20 *Opinion-polling statistician, 0-81.30 *Package designer, 1-62.40 Optical glass cutter, 8-91.60 *Paco-machine operator, 9-27.90 - instrument maker and repairer, 8-42.35 *Paint chemist, 0-11.20 *- scanner operator, 3-42.90 *- technician, 0-36.90 Optician, dispensing, 0-75.30 *- technologist, 0-25.90 *-, ophthalmic, 0-75.20 Painter, artist, 1-61.30 *Optics physicist, 0-12.40 * --, automobile repair, 9-39.60 Optometrist, 0-75.20 brush (except construction), 9-39.20 OPTOMETRISTS AND OPTICIANS, 0-75 -, buildings, 9-31.20 *Optometry teacher, 1-31.75 - , ceramics, 8-95.30 *Oral hygienist, 0-64.40 -, glass, 8-95.20 *- surgeon, 0-63.20 *-, hand-dip (except glass and ceramics), 9-39.40 Orchard worker, 6-23.20 *-, railway coaches and wagons, 9-31.90 -, vineyard and related tree and shrub crop *-, ships' hulls and structural steel, 9-31.30 farmer, 6-12.30 - , sign, 9-39.50 ORCHARD, VINEYARD AND RELATED TREE AND SHRUB - (except construction), 9-39.30 CROP WORKERS, 6-23 -, spray (ceramics), 8-95.50 Orchestra and band conductor, 1-71.35 * -, stage scenery, 9-31.90 Orchestrator, 1-71.30 *Painter-decorator, ships' interiors, 9-31.90 *Order clerk, materials, 3-92.20 *Painter-retoucher (manufacturing), 9-39.90 *- man (retail trade), 4-51.90 Painters, 9-3 Ordinary seaman, 9-81.40 PAINTERS, CONSTRUCTION, 9-31 *Ore crusher operator, 7-12.30 Painting restorer, 1-61.60 *- separator (magnetic), 7-12.90 *Painting-machine operator (continuous conveyer), Organ builder, 9-41.60 9-39.90 * pipe maker, 9-41.60 *Palaeontologist, 0-13.30 *- tuner, 9-41.80 *Palmist, 1-99.60 Organic chemist, 0-11.20 *Panel beater, aircraft, 8-73.80 *Organisation and methods engineer, 0-28.20 *- -, vehicle, 8-73.70 *Organist, 1-71.40 *Parmel maker (saddlery), 8-03.90 Ornamental plasterer, 9-55.20 *Pantograph engraver operator, 9-24.45 sheet-metal worker, 8-73.60 *- operator (glass decorating), 8-94.90 *Ornithologist, 0-51.30 PAPER AND PAPERBOARD PRODUCTS MAKERS, 9-10 *Orthodontist, 0-63.20 Paper bag and envelop.; maker (machine), 9-10.70 Orthopaedic appliance maker and repairer, 8-42.45 *- baling-machine operator, 9-71.70 - footwear maker, 8-01.20 - box cutting- and creasing-press operator, 9-10.50 *- surgeon, 0-61.30 - - maker (hand), 9-10.20 - technician, 0-79.50 - - - (machine), 9-10.30 *Orthoptist, 0-75.20 *- coater (tar or asphalt), 9-49.90 Osteopath, 0-79.20 - maker (hand), 7-34.60 *Osteopathic physician, 0-61.20 PAPER MAKERS, 7-34 *Osteopathy teacher, 1-31.75 *Paper novelty maker, 9-10.90 *Ostrich farm worker, 6-24.90 *- pulp beater operator, 7-33.60

336 EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TITLES

*Paper pulp bleacher operator, 7-33.50 *Pedlar, 4-52.20 *- - digester operator, 7-33.40 *Pedodontist, 0-63.20 PAPER PULP PREPARERS, 7-33 *Peeler (sawmill), 7-32.90 *Paper technician, 0-39.90 *Pelletiser operator (iron ore), 7-12.90 *- technologist, 0-29.90 PELT DRESSERS, 7-62 Paper-coating-machine operator, 7-34.50 Pelt dyer (hand), 7-62.50 *Paper-creping-machine operator, 7-34.90 *- (vat or spray), 7-62.90 *Paper-embossing-machine operator, 9-10.90 *--- finisher, 7-62.60 *Paper-embossing-press operator (printing), 9-29.90 flesher, 7-62.30 Paper-making-machine operator (back end), 7-34.30 grader, 7.62.20 - - (wet end), 7-34.20 *- pickier, 7-62.90 *Paper-tube-machine operator, 9-10.90 plucker and trimmer, 7-62.40 *Paperboard machine operator, 7-34.90 *- producer (farm), 6-12.40 Paperhanger, 9-59.25 *- puller, 7-62.40 Paraffin plaid operator, 745.70 stretcher, 7-62.60 *Parasitologist, 0-51.30 *Pelter (farm), 6-24.90 *Pari-mutuel system operator, 5-99.20 *Pencil-making-machine operator, 9-49.90 *Parish worker, 1-49.90 *Penologist, 1-92.20 *Park cleaner, 9-99.10 *Perforating-machine operator (shoe finishing), 8-02.55 *- maintenance man, 6-29.60 *Perforator typist, 3-21.90 *Parliamentarian, 2-01.10 *Perfume distiller, 7-44.90 *Parliamentary draughtsman, 1-29.10 *Periodontist, 0-63.20 *Parole officer, 1-93.40 Personal maid, valet, 5-40.30 Parquetry worker, 9-54.75 PERSONNEL AND OCCUPATIONAL SPECIALISTS, 1-94 *Passenger traffic department manager, 2-19.60 Personnel clerk, 3-93.30 *Passport officer, 3-10.10 *- manager, 2-19.80 *Paste mixer (pies), 7-76.30 *- officer, 1-94.20 Pasteuriser, dairy products, 7-75.20 - specialist, 1-94.20 *Pastor, 141.20 *Petition writer, 3-93.90 *Pastoralist, 6-12.40 *Petrol pump attendant, 4-51.90 Pastry maker, 7-76.30 Petroleum and natural gas engineer, 0-27.40 *Pastrycook (chef, restaurant), 5-31.30 - - - extraction technician, 0-38.20 Patent agent, 1-99.20 *- chemist, 0-11.20 - roofing glazier, 9-57.30 *- desulphurisation treater, 7-45.20 Pathologist, medical, 0-52.60 Petroleum-refining blender, 7-45.60 *-, plant, 0-51.20 *- engineer, 025,20 -, veterinary, 0-52.65 *- plant controlman, 7-45.50 *Pathology teacher, 1-31.30 - pumpman, 7-45.30 *Patrolman, beach, 5-89.90 stillman, 7-45.40 *-, forest fire service, 6-32.50 *- technician, 0-36.20 *-, police, 5-82.20 PETROLEUM REFINING WORKERS, 7-45 *-, private establishment, 5-82.40 *Petrologist, 0-13.30 *Pattern-card copying-machine operator, 7-53.90 *Pewtersmith, 8-80.50 *- cutter, Jacquard, 7-53.50 *Pharmacology teacher, 1-31.30 Patternmaker, fur garment, 7-92.30 Pharmaceutical assistant, 0-68.10 *-, garments (except fur), 7-94.20 PHARMACEUTICAL ASSISTANTS, 0-68 - , hat and cap, 7-94.30 *Pharmaceutical bacteriologist, 0-52.50 *-, mattress, 7-94.90 *- chemist, 0-11.90 - , metal (foundry), 8-32.40 Pharmacist, 0-67.10 *-, sail, 7-94.90 *-, industrial, 0-11.90 -, shoe, 8-02.15 PHARMACISTS, 0-67 *-, tent, 7-94.90 Pharmacologist, 0-52.70 *-, umbrella, 7-94.90 *Pharmacy aid, 5-99.50 *-, upholstery, 7-94.90 Philologist, 1-95.20 -, wooden, 8-19.35 PHILOLOGISTS, TRANSLATORS AND INTERPRETERS, 1-95 PATEERNMAKERS AND CUTTERS, 7-94 *Philology teacher, 1-31.70 Paving-machine operator, concrete, 9-74.55 *Philosophy teacher (second level), 1-32.90 Paviour, 9-51.60 *- - (third level), 1-31.65 Pawnbroker, 4-90.20 *Phonologist, 1-95.20 *Pay-roll clerk, 3-39.30 *Photo-composing-machine operator, 9-21.55 *Paymaster-general, government 2-02.10 Photo-engraver (general), 9-25.10 *Pearl cultivator, 6-49.90 PHOTO-ENGRAVERS, 9-25 *- diver, 6-49.90 *Photo-engraving finishes, 9-25.60 *Pearling-machine operator (grain-milling), 7-71.90 *- plate grainer, 9-25.90 *Pedagogy teacher (second level), 1-32.90 *- -- mounter, 9-25.90 *- (third level), 1-31.55 *- prover, 9-25.90 Pedal-cycle repairer, 8-49.75 Photo-mechanical transferer, 9-25.40 Pedal-vehicle driver, 9-89.50 Photo-type-setting machine operator, 9-21.55 *Pediatrician, 0-61.20 *Photocopying machine operator, 3-99.50

337 EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TITLIS

Photogrammetrist, 0-31.50 *Pickier, metal, 7-29.40 *Photograph developer (black-and-white), 9-27.30 *-, pelt, 7-62.90 *- - (colour), 9-27.20 *Picture frame maker, 8-19.90 - enlarger, 9-27.50 *Pie maker, 7-76.30 - printer, 9-27.40 *Piercer, precious metal, 8-80.90 *Photographer, aerial, 1-63.90 Pig farm worker, 6-24.40 *-, architectural, 1-63.90 *- raiser, 6-12.40 ,commercial illustrator, 1-63.30 Pile-driver operator, 9-74.40 -, general, 1-63.10 *Filer (mine), 7-11.60 *-, medical, 1-63.90 Pilot, air transport, 0-41.20 , news,1-63.40 ,aircraft (except transport), 0-41.30 *---, photogravure, 9-25.20 *-, hovercraft, 0-42.90 *--, police, 1-63,90 -, ship, 0-42.40 --, portrait, 1-63.20 *Pine resin tapper, 6-29.40 scientific, 1-63.90 Pipe and boiler insulator, 9-56.50 PHOTOGRAPHERS AND CAMERAMEN, 1-63 - tube fitter, aircraft, 8-71.40 PHOTOGRAPHIC DARK-ROOM WORKERS, 9-27 *- drawer, seamless, 7-27.40 *Photographic equipment assembler, 8-42.40 - fitter (general), 8-71.10 - film and paper maker, 9-49.70 - -, gas, 8-71.20 *- plate maker, 9-49.90 - -, marine, 8-71.30 *- surveyor, 0-31.90 *- -, steam, 8-71.90 *Photography teacher (second level), 1-32.80 - layer, 9-59.50 Photogravure cameraman, 9-25.20 - maker, smoking(wood), 8-19.60 etcher, 9-25.50 *Pipeline operations department manager, 2-19.90 - retoucher, 9-25.30 *Pisciculture worker, 6-49.20 *Photolithographer, 9-25.20 *Pisciculturist, 0-51.30 Physical chemist, 0-11.40 *Pit moulder, 7-25.30 *- education teacher, 1-32.90 *Placement officer, 1-94.20 *- geographer, 1-92.50 *Placer miner, hydraulic, 7-11.90 - metallurgist, 0-26.30 *Plain-grinding-machine setter-operator metallurgy technician, 0-37.30 (metalworking), 8-33.70 PHYSICAL SCIENCE TECHNICIANS, 0-14 *Plain-milling-machine setter-operator *Physical sciences statistician, 0-81.30 (metalworking), 8-33.30 *- - teacher (third level), 1-31.20 *Plane-mill operator (metalworking), 8-34.40 Physical scientists and related techniciatta,0-1 *- setter-operator (metalworking), 8-33.40 *Physical therapist, 0-76.20 *Planer, stone, 8-20.20 - trainer, 1-80.50 Planing-machine operator, 8-34.40 *Physician (general practice), 0-61.05 - setter-operator, 8-33.40 -, public health, 0-61.40 - -- (woodworking), 8-12.70 -, specialised, 0-61.20 *Planning clerk, materials supply, 3-92.20 Physicist (general), 0-12.10 -, production, 3-92.30 -, electricity and magnetism,0-12.60 *Plant ecologist, 0-51.20 ,electronics, 0-12.70 *- geneticist, 0-51.20 -, heat, 0-12.30 *- histologist, 0-51.20 -, light, 0-12.40 - maintenance mechanic, 8-49.70 -, mechanics, 0-12.20 *- pathologist, 0-51.20 -, nuclear, 0-12.80 *- physiologist, 0-51.20 *-, solid-state, 0-12.90 *- taxonomist, 0-51.20 -, sound, 0-12.50 Plantation worker *- theoretical, 0-12.90 See Farm worker PHYSICISTS, 0-12 *Planters *Physics teacher (second level), 1-32.30 See Farmers *- - (third level), 1-31.20 Plasterer, fibrous sheet, 9.55.40 - technician, 0-14.30 general, 9-55.10 Physiologist, 0-52.40 -, ornamental, 9-55.20 *-, animal, 0-51.30 -, stucco, 9-55.30 *- plant, 0-51.20 PLASTERERS, 9-55 Physiotherapist, 0-76.20 *Plastic surgeon. 0-61.30 PHYSIOTHERAPISTS AND OCCUPATIONAL *Plastics bench-mechanic, 9-01.8 THERAPISTS, 0-76 *- buffer, 9-01.90 *Physiotherapy teacher, 1-31.75 *-- c Infer. 9-49.90 *Pianist, 1-71.40 *- chemist, 0-11.20 Piano maker, 9-41.70 -compression-moulding-machine operator, 9-01.55 *- tuner, 9-41.80 *- driller, 9-01.90 *Piano-accordion maker, 9-41.50 - extruding-machine operator, 9-01.60 *Piano-case maker, 8-11.90 *_ finisher, 9-01.90 Picker, fibre, 7-51.30 *- gauge and jig maker, 9-01.80 *Picker-machine operator (textile fibre), 7-51.30 *- grinder, 9-01.90 Pickier, food, 7-74.50 - injection-moulding-machine operator,9-01.50

338 EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TITLES

Plastics laminator, 9-01.65 *Porter, food market, 9-71.45 *- polisher, 9-01.90 *-, goods-loading (railway and road vehicles), 9-71.30 - products assembler, 9-01.70 ,warehouse, 9-71.45 - products fabricator, 9-01.80 *Portrait painter, 1-61.30 *- technician, 0-36.90 - photographer, 1-63.20 4- technologist, 0-25.90 *Positive developer (black-and-white *Plate bender, 8-74.90 photography), 9-27.30 *- finisher, photo-engraving, 9-25.60 *- (colour photography), 9-27.20 *- grainer, photogravure, 9-25.90 Post office counter clerk, 3-31.70 *- maker (photogravure), 9-25.40 *Postal service operations manager, 2-19.70 *- mounter, 9-25.90 - services supervisor, 3-59.80 *- roller (steel), 7-22.30 *- vehicle driver, 9-85.90 Plate-glass glazier, 9-57.40 *Poster artist, 1-62.20 - polisher, 8-91.48 *Posting-machine operator, bookkeeping, 3-41.20 - rollerman, 8-91.41. Postman, 3-70.30 Platen pressman, 9.22.25 Postmaster, 3-52.10 Plater (electroplating), 7-28.20 POSTMASTERS, 3-52 *-, boilermaking, 8-73.50 *Pot-heater tender (tires), 9-02.30 -, hot-dip, 7-28.30 *Potato digger, 6-22.90 -, ship, 8-74.55 *- farm worker, 6-22.20 *-, wire (machine), 7-28.40 *Potman (chemical and related processes), 7-42.20 *Player, musical instrument, 1-71.40 Potter (general), 8-92.10 *-, professional sport, 1-80.20 *Potter's millman, 8-99.30 *Playwright, 1-51.20 POTTERS AND RELATED CLAY AND ABRASIVE *Plucker, pelt, 7-62.40 FORMERS, 8-92 Plumber (general), 8-71.05 Pottery and porcelain caster (hand), 8-92.35 *-, chemical, 8-71.90 die-presser, 8-92.50 * -, ship, 8-71.30 jiggerman, 8-92.30 *Plumber jointer, electric cables, 8-57.50 - - kilnman, 8-93.50 PLUMBERS AND PIPE FITTERS, 8-71 - modeller, 8-92.15 Plumbers, welders, sheet-metal and structural metal mould maker, 8-92.20 preparers and erectors, 8-7 - presser (hand), 8-92.45 Plywood core-laying-machine operator, 7-32.50 thrower, 8-92.25 press operator, 7-32.60 *- - turner, 8-92.90 Pneumatic riveter, 8-74.70 *- artist, 8-95.30 *Pneumatic-drill operator, 9-74.90 *- driller, 8-92.90 *Podiatrist, 0-79.90 *Poultry breeder (working proprietor), 6-12.60 *Poet, 1-51.20 *- dresser, 7-73.90 *Pole and pile cutter, 6-31.90 - farm worker (general), 6-26.10 *Police court magistrate, 1-22.10 POULTRY FARM WORKERS, 6-26 - guard, private, 5-82.40 Poultry farmer, 6-12.60 *- photographer, 1-63.90 - hatchery worker, 6-26.20 Policeman, 5-82.20 Pourer, metal, 7-24.20 POLICEMEN AND DETECTIVES, 5-82 Power distribution and transmission engineer, 0-23.30 *Policy clerk, insurance, 3-93.50 *- technician (electricity), 0-34.20 Polisher and cutter, gem, 8-80.30 - generation engineer, 0-'3.20 * -, hand (metalworking), 8-35.90 *- - technician (electricity), 0-34.20 *-, plastics, 9-01.90 - reactor opeadcor, 9-61.40 -, plate glass, 8-91.48 - switchboard operator, 9-61.60 *-, shoe (shoemaking), 8-02.90 *- transmission technician (electricity), 0-34.20 *-, stone, 8-20.20 POWER-GENERATING MACHINERY OPERATORS, 9-61 *Polishing-machine operator, leather, 7-61.90 *Power-plant engineer, nuclear, 0-24.85 - -, lens, 8-91.72 *- operator, compressed air, 9-69.20 *- -, metalworking, 8-35.20 *-, electricity-generating (private *- - (nuts), 7-79.90 installation), 9-61.90 *Political geographer, 1-92.50 *- -, hydroelectric, 9-61.30 *- historian, 1-92.60 - -, steam, 9-61.20 *- philosopher, 1-92.70 Power-shear operator, 8-39.80 *- science teacher (third level), 1-31.65 Practical aid (pharmacy), 5-99.50 - scientist, 1-92.70 - - (veterinary), 5-99.60 *Polymers chemist, 0-11.20 *- dentist, 0-64.20 *Polythene bag-making-machine operator, 9-10.80 PRE - PRIMARY EDUCATION TEACHERS, 1-34 *Pomologist, 0-53.30 *Preacher (non-ordained), 1-41.40 *Fool operator (betting), 5-99.20 Precious metal leaf maker, 8-80.70 *Porcelain and pottery, etc. - - roller, 8-80.60 See Pottery and porcelain, etc. Precipitator, 7-12.70 *Port captain, 0-42.50 Precision sawyer, 8-12.20 *Porter, baggage (except hotel), 9-71.90 Precision-grinding-machine operator, 8-34.65 *-, -- (hotel), 5-99.90 - setter-operator, 8-33.70

339 EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TITLES

Precision-instrument assembler, 8-42.40 *Printing engraving operator (pantograph), 9-24.45 - maker and repairer, 8.42.30 *- etcher (metal plates or rollers), 9-24.60 *Preparer, sole, 8-02.40 *- -, photogravure, 9-25.50 -, uppers, 8-02.30 - machinery fitter-assembler, 8-41.45 Preserving cook (general), 7-74.10 - - mechanic, 8-49.40 - -, fish, 7-74.15 maker-up, 9-21.45 *- -, meat, 7-74.10 - plate retoucher, 9-25.60 *President, company, 2-11.10 *- pressman, cylinder, 9-22.20 *-, government, 2-01.10 *- -, direct lithographic, 9-22.50 *Press editor, 1-59.20 *- -, offset lithographic, 9-22.40 *- liaison officer, 1-59.55 *- -, platen, 9-22.25 - operator, cardboard, 9-10.60 *- -, rotary, 9-22.30 *- -, chocolate making, 7-76.50 *- -, rotogravure, 9-22.60 *- -, clay filtering, 8-99.90 *- -, wallpaper, 9-22.70 - -, cutting and creasing (paper box), 9-10.50 *PRINTING PRESSMEN, 9-22 *- -, edible oils, 7-79.20 *Printing teacher, 1-32.80 - -, forging, 8-31.40 *- transferrer, lithographic, 9-24.50 *- -, fruit juice extraction, 7-78.80 Prison guard, 5-89.30 *- -, metal (except forging or plate bending), 8-39.60 *- welfare worker, 1-93.20 *- -, metal-bending, 8-39.70 Private inquiry agent, 5-89.20 *- -, plastics laminating, 9-01.65 - police guard, 5-82.40 - -, plywood, 7-32.60 *- secretary-stenographer, 3-21.20 *- -, rubber-embossing, 9-01.90 *Probate clerk, 3-93.40 - -, rubber-moulding, 9-01.35 *- judge, 1-22.10 *- -, sugar beet, 7-72.90 *Probation officer, 1-93.40 *- -, textile, 7-56.70 *Process pumper (petroleum refining), 7-45.30 *- -, tire-moulding, 9-02.30 *- server, 3-70.40 *- photographer, 1-63.40 *Procurement agent, 4-22.30 *- telegraphist, 3-80.40 *- manager, 2-19.90 *- tool maker, 8-32.20 Producer, motion picture, 1-74.30 *Press-baling machine operator 9-71.70 - , radio and television, 1-74.40 Presser (hand), 5-60.70 ,theatrical, 1-74.20 *-, machine (laundry), 5-60.60 PRODUCERS, PERFORMING ARTS, 1-74 -, pottery and porcelain (hand), 8-92.45 Production engineering technician, 0-39.20 Pressing-machine operator (laundry), 5-60.60 - manager (except farm), 2-12.10 - -, glass, 8-91.36 planning clerk, 3-92.30 *Pressman, cylinder letterpress, 9-22.20 PRODUCTION SUPERVISORS AND GENERAL FOREMEN, 7-00 -, direct lithographic, 9-22,50 Professional midwife, 0-73.10 *-, hardboard, 7-34.90 PROFESSIONAL MIDWIVES, 0-73 41-, offset lithographic, 9-22.40 Professional nurse (general), 0-71.10 *-, paraffin plant, 7-45.70 PROFESSIONAL NURSES, 0-71 41-, platen letterpress, 9-22.25 Professional sportsman, 1-80.20 *-, rotary letterpress, 9-22.30 *Professors -, rotogravure, 9-22.60 See Teachers, university and higher -, sole, 8-02.35 education, 1-35 *-, wallpaper printing, 9-22.70 *Programme salesman, theatre, 4-90.90 *Pressure cook, 7-74.20 Programmer, computer, 0-84.20 *Prestidigitator, 1-75.30 *Projection printer, 9-27.50 *Price economist, 0-90.20 Projectionist, cinema, 8-62.40 *Priest, 1-41.20 *Proofer, photogravure, 9-25.90 PRIMARY EDUCATION TEACHERS, 1-33 *Proof-pressman, 9-21.90 *Prime minister, 2-01.10 Proof reader, 3-99.40 *Principal nursing officer, 0-71.10 *Prop drawer, 7-11.90 *-., school, 1-39.40 *Propagator (nursery), 6-27.30 *Print developer, machine, 9-27.90 *Property agent, 4-41.30 Printer, block, 9-29.40 *- salesman, 4-41.30 -, general, 9-21.10 *Prophylactician, 0-64.40 *-, photographic, 9-27.40 *Prosecutor, 1-21.10 -, silk-screen, 9-29.30 *Prosthodontist, 0-63.20 -, textiles, 9-29.50 Protective service workers, 5-8 *Printer-to-metal (photogravure), 9-25.40 *Prover, photogravure, 9-25.90 *Printer's proof reader, 3-99.40 *Pruner and trimmer (forestry), 6-32.90 Printers end related workers, 9-2 *-, fruit trees, 6-23.90 Printing engraver, hand (metal plate, roller Psychiatric social worker, 1-93.50 and die), 9-24.20 Psychologist, 1-92.30 *- -, - (wood, rubber or linoleum block), 9-24.30 *Psychology teacher (third level), 1-31.65 - -, machine (metal roller), 9-24.40 *Public accountant, 1-10.10 *- -, photogravure (general), 9-25.10 - address equipment operator, 8-62.30 PRINTING ENGRAVERS (EXCEPT PHOTO-ENGRAVERS), 9-24 - administration, teacher of, 1-31.90

340 EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL. LIST OF l'ITLES

Public health dentist, 0-63.30 RADIO AND TELEVISION REPAIRMEN, 8-54 *- - engineer, 0-22.50 Radio and television studio equipment *- - inspector, 0-79.40 operator, 8-61.30 - - nurse, 0-71.30 - transmitting equipment operator, 8-61.20 - -- nutritionist, 0-69.20 *- astronomer, 0-13.50 - - physician, 0-61.40 *- critic, 1-51.30 - - veterinarian, 0-65.20 *- director, 1-73.40 *- information officer, 1-59.55 *- engineer, 0-23.90 *- - writer, 1-59.60 *- engineering technician, 0-34.90 *- relations manager, 2-19.90 - officer, ship, 3-80.50 - - officer, 1-59.55 - operator, flight, 3-80.60 *- writer, 3-93.90 *- receiver assembler, 8-53.30 *Publicity man, 1-59.55 - telephone operator, land-based, 3-80.30 - writer, 1-59.60 *- transmitter fitter, 8-52.20 *Puddling furnaceman, 7-21.90 *- valve assembler, 8-53.90 *Pug-mill operator, clay, 8-99.90 *Radioactive waste treatment operator, 7-49.40 *Puisne judge, 1-22.10 *Radiography technician, medical, 0-77.10 *Puller, pelt, 7-62A0 *Radiology teacher, 1-31.75 *Puller-over (machine), 8-02.45 *Raft assembler, 6-31.40 *Pulling-machine operator (oil and gas wells), 7-13.60 *- driver, logging, 6-31.40 *Pullman-car attendant, 3-60.30 *Rag breakerman, 7-33.90 *Pulp press operator (sugar beet), 7-72.90 *Rail-carriage upholsterer, 7-96.30 *- refiner operator (paper making), 7-33.90 Railway and road vehicle loader, 9-71.30 *Pulping-machine operator (wood pulp), 7-33.20 - brakeman (freight train), 9-84.20 *Pulveriser (chemical and related processes), 7-41.30 RAILWAY BRAKEMEN, SIGNALMEN AND SHUNTERS, 9-84 *Pulveriser operator, 7-12.40 *Railway carriage cleaner, 5-52.90 *Pumphouse man, 9-69.40 - construction engineer, 0-22.40 Pumping-station operator, 9-69.40 *- crane operator, 9-73.90 *Ptunpman (except petroleum refinery), 9-69.40 *- dispatcher, 3-59.25 - (petroleum refining), 7-45.30 - engine-driver, 9-83.20 Punched-card-machine operator, 3-42.30 *- -, mine and quarry, 9-83.60 *Punching: press operator, 8-39.60 *Puppeteer, 1-79.90 RAILWAY ENGINE-DRIVERS AND FIREMEN, 9-83 Railway goods agent, 3-59.35 *Purchaser, merchandise (wholesale or retail trade), 4-22.20 - passenger train guard, 3-60.20 Purchasing agent, 4-22.30 - service supervisor, 3-59.20 *- manager, 2-19.90 - shunter, 9-84.40 *Purifying-plant operator (water works), 9-69.50 - signalman, 9-8430 *Purser, aircraft, 5-99.70 - station master, 3-51.10 - , ship's, 5-00.40 RAILWAY STATION MASTERS, 3-51 Railway steam-engine fireman, 9-83.30 *- tie cutter, 6-31.90 Q - transport service inspector, 3-59.30 *Raisers *Quality checker, electrical and electronic See Farmers products, 8-59.20 *Ranch hand, cattle, 6-24.20 *- -, mechanical products, 8-49.85 *--- -, sheep, 6-24.30 *- control chemist, 0-11.50 *Rancher, 6-12.40 - inspector, 9-49.80 *Ranger, forest, 6-32.90 Quantity surveyor, 0-33.20 *Rating clerk, 3-39.40 Quarry and mine brakeman, 9-84.50 *Rayon spinner, 7-49.35 Quarryman (general), 7-11.10 *Reactor operi.tor (nuclear power plant,) 9-61.40 *Quarter sessions judge, 1-22.10 Reactor-converter operator (chemical processes, *Quay superintendent, 3-59.90 except petroleum), 7-44.40 *Quilt maker, 7-96.90 Readers, 1-35 See Teachers, university and higher education R *Reading teacher, 1-33.90 Real-estate salesman, 4-41.30 *Rabbi, 1-41.20 *Reamer operator (metalworking), 8-34.60 *Racehorse trainer, 6-24.90 *- setter-operator (metalworking), 8-33.60 *Racker, wine, 7-78.90 Rebuilder, tire, 9-02.40 *Radar engineer, 0-23.90 *Recapper, tire, 9-02.40 *- fitter, 8-52.20 Receiving and dispatching clerk, 3-91.20 *- technician, 0-34.90 Receptionist (general), 3-94.10 *Radial-arm drilling-machine setter-operator -, doctor's or dentist's, 3-94.30 (metalworking), 8-33.60 -, hotel, 3-94.20 Radio and television announcer, 1-79.20 RECEPTIONISTS AND TRAVEL AGENCY CLERKS, 3-94 - - journalist, 1-59.35 *Reciprocating steam-engine fitter-assembler - mechanic, 8-54.20 (except marine), 8-41.90 - - producer, 1-74.40 - mechanic, 8-49.15

341 EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TITLES

*Recording tester, 8-62.90 *Retort kilnman (coke production), 7-49.20 *Records clerk, personnel department, 3-93.30 *- - (foodstuffs), 7-74.20 *- -, stock control, 3-91.30 Retoucher, photogravure, 9-25.30 *- section supervisor, office, 3-00.90 -, printing plates, 9-25.60 *Recreation leader, 1-93.30 *Retoucher-painter (manufacturing), 9-39.90 *Recreational therapist, 0-76.30 *Retreader, tire, 9-02.40 *Rectifier operator (electric current), 9-61.90 *Reverberatory furnaceman (metal melting), 7-23.20 *Rector, 1-41.20 *Reversing-mill roller (cold steel), 7-22.40 *Red-lead burner, 7-49.90 *Revolving pan operator (sugar confectionery), 7-76.60 *Red-leader, 9-31.30 *Rheologist, 0-12.20 *Reed or osier grower, 6-12.90 *Rheostat fitter, 8-51.40 *Reeler (thread and yarn), 7-52.50 *Ribbon-lap-machine operator, 7-51.40 *Referee (sport), 1-80.40 Rice farm worker, 6-22.50 *Refiner (chocolate making), 7-76.50 *- farmer, 6-12.20 Refining-machine operator (oils and fats), 7-79.25 - miller, 7-71.30 *Refreshment-room manager, 5-00.90 *Ricicshaw boy, 9-89.90 *Refreshments salesman, cinema or theatre, 4-90.90 *Rider, bicycle or tricycle (not motorised), 9-89.50 *Refrigerating-process worker (foodstuffs), 7-74.30 Rigger, aircraft, 9-72.40 Refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment *-, cable railway, 9-72.90 insulator, 9-56.60 *-, hoist (construction), 9-72.20 - - plant installer and mechanic, 8-41.80 -, hoisting equipment (general), 9-72.05 *- engineer, 0-24.80 -, oil and gas well-drilling, 9-72.50 *- engineering technician, 0-35.50 *-, scaffolding, 9-59.40 *- equipment erector, 8-41.80 -, ship, 9-72.30 - system operator, 9-69.70 *-, ski-lift, 9-72.90 *Refuse collector, 9-99.10 RIGGERS AND CABLE SPLICERS, 9-72 *- disposal incinerator operator, 9-69.60 *Ring spinner, 7-52.20 *Regional director, government administration, 2-02.10 River driver, 6-31.40 *- -, postal services, 2-19.70 s- policeman, 5-82.20 *- manager, railway, 2-19.60 *Rivet catcher, 8-74.90 *Registrar-general, 2-02.10 *-- heater, 8-74.90 Reinforced concreter (general), 9-52.10 *-- maker, 8-39.90 REINFORCED CONCRETERS, CEMENT FINISHERS AND Riveter, hand, 8-74.60 TERRAZZO WORKERS, 9-52 -, machine, 8-74.65 Reinforcing iron worker, 9-52.30 -, pneumatic, 8-74.70 *- wire mesh worker (concrete), 9-52.90 Road and railway vehicle loader, 9-71.30 *Religion, teacher of (second level), 1-32.40 *- construction engineer, 0-22.30 Religious worker (member of religious order), 1-41.40 *- maintenance labourer, 9-99.10 *Remedial gymnast, 0-79.90 - passenger transport service inspector, 3-59.45 *Remoulder, tire, 9-02.40 - transport service supervisor, 3-59.40 *Removal man, 9-71.90 Road-grader and scraper operator, 9-74.45 *Rent collector, 3-39.90 Road-roller operator, 9-74.50 Repair shop foreman *Road-surface-laying-machine operator, 9-74.60 See supervisors and general foremen, Roaster, chemical and related processes, 7-42.30 production -, cocoa-bean, 7-77.60 Repairer, fabrics, 7-54.75 -, coffee, 7-77.50 Reporter, 1-59.30 *Rock crusher operator, 7-12.30 *Representative (commercial traveller), 4-32.20 *Rod extruder operator (metal), 7-27.50 *-, business services (except advertising), 4-42.20 *- maker, glass, 8-91.76 Research and development manager, 2-19.20 Rod-casting machine operator, continuous *Reservations clerk, travel agency, 3-94.40 (non-ferrous metai), 7-24.50 *Reservoir keeper, 9-69.90 *Rodent exterminator, 5-99.90 *Resin compounder (chemical and related *Rodman (surveying), 9-99.10 processes), 7-41.90 *Roller, cigar (hand), 7-82.20 Resistance welder, 8-72.35 -, cold (steel), 7-22.40 *Rest-room attendant, 5-99.90 -, continuous mill (steel), 7-22.30 *Restaurant cashier, 3-31.60 *- driver (road construction), 9-74.50 manager, 5-00.30 *-, hot-rolling (steel), 7-22.20 *Restaurateur, 5-10.30 -, non-ferrous metals, 7-22.50 Restorer, paintings, 1-61.60 *- plant operator (dried milk), 7-75.90 *Retail butcher (meat cutter), 7-73.30 -, precious metal, 8-80.60 - manager, 4-00.30 -, seamless pipe and tube, 7-22.60 *- pharmacist, 0-67.10 *-, sugar confectionery, 7-76.60 - trade salesman, 4-51.30 *Rollerman (edible oil processing), 7-79.20 *Retailer, 4-10.30 *- (grain milling), 7-71.20 *Retort kilnman, brick and tile, 8-93.60 *- (mustard milling), 7-71.90 *- man (chemical and related processes), 7-42.40 - (plate glass), 8-91.44 *- operator (charcoal burning), 7-49.30 *- (rice milling), 7-71.30 *- - (coal-gas production), 7-49.25 *- (spice milling), 7-71.40

342 EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TITLES

*Rolling helper, 7-22.90 *Sales canvasser, 4-52.30 *Roof bolter (mine), 7-11.60 - manager (except wholesale and retail trade), 2-19.30 - thatcher, 9-53.60 *- methods teacher, 1-31.90 *Roofer, asphalt and related materials, 9-53.40 *- organiser (regional or overseas), 4-21.90 *-, composition materials, 9-53.30 *- promotion methods man, 4-21.90 -, metal, 9-53.50 - supervisor (retail trade), 4-21.30 -, slate and tile, 9-53.20 - - (wholesale trade), 4-21.20 *-, wood-shingle, 9-53.90 SALES SUPERVISORS, 4-21 ROOFERS, 9-53 Sales supervisors and buyers, 4-2 *Roofing glazier, 9-57.30 Salesman, advertising, 4-42.30 Rope and cable splicer (general), 9-72.10 -, business services (except advertising), 4-42.20 *Rose engine turner, 8-80.90 -, insurance, 441.20 Rotary driller (oil and gas wells), 7-13.30 *-, newspaper, 4-52.40 - pressman, 9-22.30 -, real-estate, 4-41.30 *Rotary veneer-machine operator, 7-32.40 -, retail trade, 4-51.30 Rotary-drum filterer, 7-43.30 -, securities, 4-41.40 Rotogravure pressman, 9-22.60 -, technical, 4-31.20 *Rotor coil winder (hand), 8-53.50 *-, travelling, 4-32.20 *- - - (machine), 8-53.40 -, wholesale trade, 4-51.20 *Rounder, sole, 8-02.40 *Salesman-driver, 4-52.20 *Rounding- and backing-machine operator SALESMEN, SHOP ASSISTANTS AND DEMONSTRATORS, 4-51 (bookbinding), 9-26.30 *Salter (foodstuffs), 7-74.50 *Roundsman (retail distribution), 4-52.20 *-, cheese, 7-75.90 *Roustabout (labourer), 9-99.10 *Salvageman (fire), 5-81.30 *Router operator (metalworking), 8-34.90 *Salvationist, 1-41.40 s- setter-operator (metalworking), 8-33.90 Sampler (mine), 7-11.70 *Routing clerk (freight), 3-91.20 *-, core, 7-11.90 Routing-machine setter-operator (wood), 8-12.60 *Sand polisher (metalworking), 8-35.90 Rover, fibre, 7-51.55 *Sandblaster (building exteriors), 9-59.75 *Roving-frame operator (textile fibre), 7-51.55 *- (castings), 7-29.30 *Rubber (raw latex) processer, 7-49.90 *- (glass decorating), 8-94.40 RUBBER AND PLASTICS PRODUCT MAKERS (EXCEPT TIRE *- (stonecutting), 8-20.90 MAKERS AND TIRE VULCANISERS), 9-01 *Sanding-machine operator (woodworking), 8-12.90 *Rubber baling-press operator, 9-71.70 Sanitarian, 0-79.40 calender operator, 9 -01.25 Sanitary engineer, 0-22.50 *- chemist, 0-11.20 *- man (waste disposal), 9-99.10 - goods assembler, 9-01.40 *Saturation attendant (sugar refining), 7-72.40 *- grower, 6-12.30 *Sauces and condiments preserving cook, 7-74.90 millman, 9-01.20 *Sauna bath attendant, 5-70.70 - plantation worker, 6-23.50 Sausage maker, 7-73.40 *- stamper, ceramics decorating, 8-95.40 Saw repairer and sharpener, 8-35.50 *- tapper, 6-23.90 *Sawing-machine operator, metalworking, 8-34.75 *- technician, 0-36.90 *Sawmill operator (band-saw), 7-32.30 *- technologist, 0-25.90 - sawyer (general), 7-32.10 *Rubber-embossing-machine operator, 9-01.90 Sawyer, edge, 7-32.20 Rubber-extruding-machine operator, 9-01.30 -, precision (wood), 8-12.20 Rubber-moulding-press operator, 9-01.35 -, sawmill (general), 7-32.10 *Rubber-spreading-machine operator, 9-01.90 *--, stone, 8-20.20 Rubber-stamp maker, 9-49.50 *Rubble-stone setter, 9-51.90 SAWYERS, PLYWOOD MAKERS AND RELATED WOOD- *Runner, 3-70.40 PROCESSING WORKERS, 7-32 *Rush-matting maker, 9-42.90 *Saxophonist, 1-71.40 Scaffolder, 9-59.40 *Scale balancer, 8-42.30 S *- clerk, 3-91.50 *Scaler, logging, 6-31.90 Saddler and harness maker, 8-03.20 *Scenario writer, 1-59.90 *Safety engineer, 0-28.90 *Scenery designer, 1-62.90 *- inspector, 3-10.10 *- painter, stage sets, 9-31.90 *- net maker (hand), 7-59.40 *Schedule clerk, materials, 3-92.20 *- officer, 1-94.90 *- -, production planning, 3-92.30 *Saggar maker, 8-93.90 School dental assistant, 0-64.30 *Sail cutter, 7-94.90 - inspector, 1-39.50 *- patternmaker, 7-94.90 *- principal, 1-39.40 *- sewer, hand, 7-95.90 *Schoolmaster *- -, machine, 7-95.50 See Primary education teachers; -, tent and awning maker, 7-99.20 Secondary education teachers *Sailor (able seaman), 9-81.30 Scientific glass blower, 8-91.24 *- (ordinary Seaman), 9-81.40 *- instrument maker and repairer, 8-42.90 *Salaries clerk, 3-39.30 *- photographer, 1-63.90

343 EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TITLES

*Scissor sharpener, itinerant, 8-35.90 *Setter, loom, 7-53.20 *Scourer, wool fibre, 7-51.20 *Sewage plant operator, 9-69.90 *Scrap baling-press operator, 9-71.70 Sewer, hand and machine (general), 7-95.10 *Scraper and grader operator (construction), 9-74.45 *-, -, bookbinding, 9-26.20 *Screen operator (chemical and related -, fur, 7-95.40 materials), 7-43.90 -, garment (except leather and fur), 7-95.20 *- - (sugar refining), 7-72.90 *-, -, hats and caps, 7-95.90 *Screen-printing stencil maker, photographic *-, -, leather, 8-03.40 process, 9-29.90 -, leather garment, 7-95.30 *Screen-stencil-printer operator, 9-29.30 *-, -, mattresses, 7-95.90 *Screener operator (minerals), 7-12.90 *-, -, sails, 7-95.90 *- - (paper pulp), 7-33.90 *-, -, tents, 7-95.90 *-, snuff, 7-89.20 *-, --, upholstery, 7-95.90 *Screensman (grain milling), 7-71.90 -, leather (hand), 8-03.40 *Screw-cutting-machine operator -- (machine), 8-03.50 (metalworking), 8-34.90 *-, machine (leather garments and gloves), 7-95.50 *- setter-operator (metalworking), 8-33.90 -, shoe (machine), 8-02.50 *Scribe, 3-93.90 SEWERS AND EMBROIDERERS, 7-95 *Script editor, 1-59.40 Sewing-machine operator, 7-95.50 *- girl, 3-21.90 *Sexton, 5-51.40 *- writer, 1-59.90 *Shactor, 7-73.20 Sculptor, 1-61.20 *Shaping-machine operator (metalworking), 8-34.90 SCULPTORS, PAINTERS ANDIRELATED ARTISTS, 1-61 *-- setter-operator (metalworking), 8-33.90 Sculptors, painters, photographers and related creative - (woodworking), 8-12.50 artists;1-6 *Sharebroker, 441.40 Seal hunter,. 6-49.50 Sharpener, cutting instruments, 8-35.40 Seaman, able, 9-81.30 *-, saw, 8-35.50 -, ordinary, 9-81.40 *Shaver, fur fibre making, 7-62.90 *Seamless hosiery knitting-machine operator, 7-55.30 *Shearer, sheep, 6-24.90 - pipe and tube drawer, 7-27.40 *Shearing-machine operator, metal-cutting, 8-39.80 - - tube roller, 7-22.60 Sheep farm worker, 6-24.30 *Seaplane pilot (air transport), 0-41.20 *- raiser, 6-12.40 *Seasonal farm worker (general), 6-21.10 *- shearer, 6-24.90 Seasoner (wood), 7-31.20 *Sheet roller (steel), 7-22.30 *Seater, restaurant, 5-32.90 Sheet-metal marker, 8-73.20 *Seaweed gatherer, 649.90 *- spinner, 8-39.40 *Sec.ond (boxing), 5-99.90 - worker, aircraft, 8-73.80 *- fixer (carpenter), 9-54.20 *- -, copper, 8-73.30 SECONDARY EDUCATION 'TEACHERS, 1-32 *- furniture, 8-73.90 *Secretarial subjects, teacher of, 1-32.60 - general, 8-73.10 *Secretary of State, 2-02.10 -, ornamental, 8-73.60 -, stenographic, 3-21.20 *- -, tin, 8-73.40 *Secretary-general (government administration), 2-02.10 - vehicle, 8-73.70 *Secretary-shorthand typist, 3-21.20 SHEET-METAL woman, 8-73 *Securities clerk, 3-39.40 *Shellfish gatherer, 649.90 - salesman, 4-41.40 *Shepherd, 6-24.30 *Security officer (guard), 5-82.40 *Sherardiser, 7-28.90 *- patrolman (night watchman), 5-89.40 *Ship beam and frame erector, 8-74.50 need dresser (mustard milling), 7-71.90 - construction engineer, 0-24.50 *- fanner, 6-12.70 frame bender and turner, 8-74.90 *Seismologist, 0-13.20 *- hull and structural steel painter, 9-31.30 *Self-service restaurant keeper (working - joiner, 9-54.45 proprietor), 5-10.90 *- loader (except liquids and gases), 9-71.20 *- store manager, 4-00.30 *- - (liquids and gases), 9-71.40 *Semasiologist, 1-95.20 - pilot, 0-42.40 *Senator, 2-01.10 - plater, 8-74.55 *Separating-machine operator (grain milling), 7-71.90 *- plater's helper, 8-74.90 *Separator operator (butter making), 7-75.30 - rigger, 9-72.30 - (centrifugal), 7-43.40 *Ship's boy, 9-81.90 Sericulture worker, 6-29.30 - carpenter, 9-54.55 *Sericulturist (working proprietor), 6-12.90 - chief engineer, 0-43.15 *Serology technician, 0-54.30 - - steward, 5-20.50 *Service adviser (customer after-sales service), 4-31.30 - cook, 5-31.50 *- mechanic (aircraft engines), 8-44.20 - electrician, 8-55.35 *- station (automobiles) attendant, 4-51.90 *- engine-room mechanic, 8-49.90 *Set decorator, motion pictures, 1-62.30 *- engineer, 0-43.20 *- painter, motion pictures, 9-31S0 - fireman, 9-82.20 Setter, gem, 8-80.40 - master (inland waterways), 0-42.20 -, knitting-machine, 7-53.30 - - (sea), 0-42.15

344 EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TITLES

Ship's navigating officer, 0-42.30 Silversmith and goldsmith, 8-80.50 - oiler and greaser, 9-82.30 *Silvicultural technician, 0-54.90 - purser, 5-00.40 Silviculturist, 0-53.40 - radio officer, 3-80.50 Singer, 1-71.45 - steward, 5-40.60 *Singing teacher (private), 1-71.45 *Shipping clerk (freight), 3-91.20 Sisal farmer, 6-12.20 SHIPS' DECK OFFICERS AND PILOTS, 0-42 *Sister, nursing, 0-71.10 SHIPS' DECK RATINGS, BARGE CREWS AND BOATMEN, 9-81 *Size maker (paper making), 7-34.90 SHIPS' ENGINE-ROOM RATINGS, 9-82 *Skeiner (thread and yarn), 7-52.50 SHIPS' ENGINEERS, 0-43 *Skin and hide classer, 7-61.20 Shipwright, metal, 8-74.50 *Skin -peeling-machine operator, 7-73.90 * --, wood, 9-54.40 *Skinner (pelts), 6-24.90 *Shirt maker (throughout), 7-91.90 *--, animal, 7-73.90 Shoe cutter (hand), 8-02.25 *Skip tender, 9-73.45 *- - (machine), 8-02.20 *Skiver (uppers preparing), 8-02.30 SHOE CUTTERS, LASTERS, SEWERS AND RELATED *Slabbing-mill roller, 7-22.20 WORKERS, 8-02 Slate and tile roofer, 9-53.20 Shoe finisher, 8-02.55 *- grinder, 8-20.20 patternrnaker, 8-02.15 *- polisher, 8-20.20 *- polisher (shoemaking), 8-02.90 Slaughterer, 7-73.20 - repairer, 8-01.30 *Sleeper cutter, 6-31.90 - sewer (machine), 8-02.50 Sleeping- or pullman-car attendant, 3-60.30 *Shoe-shiner, 5-99.90 *Slicer, optical glass, 8-91.60 Shoemaker, general, 8-01.10 Slip maker, clay, 8-99.40 * --, orthopaedic, 8-01.20 *Slitter, optical glass, 8-91.60 *- raffia and related materials, 9-49-90 *Sliver-lap-machine operator, 7-51.40 *-, sports, 8-01.90 *Sluiceman, dock, 9-89.90 Shoemakers and leather goods makers, 8-0 *Smelter, glass-making, 8-93.20 SHOEMAKERS AND SHOE REPAIRERS, 8-01 *Smokehouseman (fish and meat), 7-74.60 *Shooter (oil and gas wells), 7-13.90 *Smoker, latex, 7-49.90 *Shop assistant, 4-51.30 Smoking-pipe maker, 8-19.60 *- fitter, 9-54.70 *Snack-bar keeper (working proprietor), 5-10.50 *- manager, 4-00.30 Snuff maker, 7-89.20 *- porter, 9-71.45 *Social historian, 1.92.60 *Shopkeeper, 4-10.30 *- pathologist, 1-92.20 *Shorer (construction), 9-59.90 *- psychologist, 1-92.30 *Short-story writer, 1-51.20 *- science teacher (third level), 1-31.65 *Shorthand typist (general), 3-21.10 *- security claims examiner, 3-10.10 *- verbatim reporter, 3-21.30 - studies teacher (second level), 1-32.40 Shot firer (mine and quarry), 7-11.50 *- welfare teacher (third level), 1-31.90 *Shotblaster (castings), 7-29.30 - -, worker, 1-93.20 *- (stonecutting), 8-20.90 *- worker, community centre, 1-93.30 *Shovehnan, hand, 9-99.10 - -, delinquency, 1-93.40 *Showroom supervisor (wholesale trade), 4-21.20 - -, general, 1-93.10 *Shredder operator (chemical and related - -, psychiatric, 1-93.50 processes), 741.90 SOCIAL WORKERS, 1-93 Shrinker, textile, 7-56.50 Sociologist, 1-92.20 *Shrinking-machine operator (felt hoods), 7-59.90 SOCIOLOGISTS, ANTHROPOLOGISTS AND RELATED Shunter, railway, 9-84.40 sCIENTISTS, 1-92 *Shunting-engine driver, 9-83.90 *Sociology teacher (second level), 1-32.40 Shutterer, concrete, 9-52.20 *- - (third level), 1-31.65 *Shuttle hand, 7-54.90 *Sock-knitting-machine operator, 7-55.30 Shuttle-car operator (mine), 9-79.40 *Sucker (shoemaking), 8-02.90 *Sifter (chemical and related materials), 7-43.90 *Soft furnishings maker, 7.96.90 Sightseeing guide, 5-91.30 *Soil bacteriologist, 0-52,50 Sign-painter, 9-39.50 *- botanist, 0-51.20 *Signal systems engineer, 0-23.90 - mechanics engineer, 0-22.60 *- - technician, 0-34.90 scientist, 0-53.50 *Signalling equipment fitter (electrical), 8-51.90 Solderer (hand), 8-72.60 *- - - (electronic), 8-52.60 *-, dip, 8-72.90 Signalman, railway, 9-84.30 *-, torch, 8-72.90 Silk degummer, 7-56.40 *Soldering-machine operator, 8-72.90 - weighter, 7-56.65 Sole fitter, 8-02.40 Silk-screen printer, 9-29.30 - pressman, 8-02.35 - stencil cutter, 9-29.20 *- sewing machine operator, 8-02.50 *Silksman (grain milling), 7-71.90 *Solicitor, 1-29.10 *Silkworm raiser (working proprietor), 6-12.90 *Solicitor's clerk, 3-93.40 *Silver precipitator, 7-12.70 *Solid-state physicist, 0-12.90 Silverer, mirror, 8-95.70 *Solution mixer (chemical and related processes), 741.40

345 EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TITLES

*Song writer, 1-59.90 Sprayer, metal, 7-28.50 *Soprano, 1-71.45 '*Spreader operator (concrete paving), 9-74.55 *Sorter, fur (tailoring), 7-92.4C *Spreading-machine operator, rubber, 9-01.90 *--, laundry, 5-60.90 *Spring maker, 8-39.90 *-, sole, 8-02.40 *Squeegeeman (silk-screen printing), 9-29.30 Sorting clerk, mail, 3-70.20 *Squeeze-machine moulder, 7-25.40 *Sorting-machine operator, 3-42.30 *Stable lad, 6-24.90 *Sound-board maker, piano, 941.70 *Stacker, hand (bricks, timber or other objects), 9-99.10 *Sound editor, motion picture film, 8-62.90 *Staff records clerk, 3-93.30 *- mixer, 8-62.90 *- training organiser, 1-94.20 - physicist, 0-12.50 Stage and studio carpenter, 9-54.30 *- technician, radio and television - electrician, 8-55.50 broadcasting, 8-61.30 - director, 1-73.30 *Sound-amplifying equipment operator, public *- manager, 1-74.90 address, 8-62.30 *- producer, 1-74.20 *Sound-effects technician, 8-62.90 *- set designer, 1-62.90 SOUND-EQUIPMENT OPERATORS AND CINEMA *Stained-glass glazier, 9-57.50 PROJECTIONISTS, 8-62 *Stainer, leather (vat), 7-61.55 *Sound-proofing insulator, 9-56.40 *- (wooden furniture finishing), 8-19.55 Sound-recording equipment operator, 8-62.20 *Stamp maker (rubber), 9-49.50 *Soya-bean grower, 6-12.20 *Stamping-press operator, 8-39.60 *Space salesman, advertising, 442.30 *Starcher, 5-60.90 *Sparring partner (boxing), 1-80.20 *Starter (sport), 1-80.40 *Speaker, 2-01.10 Station master, railway, 3-51.10 *Special agent (group insurance systems), 4-41.90 *- superintendent, telecommunications, 3-59.75 SPECIAL EDUCATION TEACHERS, 1-35 *- telegrapher (railway), 3-80.40 Specialised dentist, 0-63.20 Stationary engine and related equipment operators, 9-6 SPECIALISED FARMERS, 6-12 Stationary engine operator (general), 9-69.10 Specialised nurse, 0-71.20 - jib-crane operator, 9-73.25 - physician, 0-61.20 STATISTICAL AND MATHEMATICAL TECHNICIANS, 0-84 - surgeon, 0-61.30 Statistical clerk, 3-99.20 *Speech therapist, 0-79.90 *- coder, 3-99.30 *Spic.e grower, 6-12.90 *- technician, 0-84.90 - miller, 7-71.40 *- typist, 3-21.40 Spindle carving-machine setter-operator, wood,8-12.80 Statistician, applied statistics, 0-81.30 Spinner, metal, 8-39.40 -, general, 0-81.10 *-, precious metal, 8-80.90 -, mathematical, 0-81.20 *-, synthetic fibre, 7-49.35 STATISTICIANS, 0-81 -, thread and yarn, 7-52.20 Statisticians, mathematicians, systems analysts and SPINNERS AND WINDERS, 7-52 related technicians, 0-8 Spinners, weavers, knitters, dyers and related workers, 7-5 *Statistics teacher (third level), 1-31.40 *Stator coil winder (hand), 8-53.50 *Spinning helper, 7-52.90 *- - - (machine), 8-53.40 *Spinning-frame operator (thread and yarn), 7-52.20 *Stave log cut-cff-saw operator, 7-32.90 *Spinning-lathe operator, metalworking, 8-39.40 *Steam boiler fireman, 9-69.30 Splicer, rope and cable (general), 9-72.10 *- cleaner, building exteriors, 9-59.75 Splitter, hide, 7-61.40 *- presser (laundry), 5-60.60 lig-, sole, 8-02.40 *Steam-press operator (textile), 7-56.70 -, stone, 7-12.20 *Steam-roller driver, 9-74.50 *Sponge hooker, 6-49.90 *Steel bender and fixer (reinforced concrete), 9-52.30 *Sponge-cake maker, 7-76.30 - erector, constructional, S-74.40 *Sponge-mottler, ceramics decorating, 8-95.40 *Steeper (malting), 7-78.20 *Spooler (thread and yarn), 7-52.50 Steeplejack 9-59.30 Sports coach, 1-80.30 *Steminer, tobacco (hand), 7-81.50 *- commentator, 1-59.90 *Stemming-machine operator (tobacco), 7-81.60 *- editor, 1-59.25 *Stencil cutter, silk-screen printing, 9-29.20 *- equipment maker (wood), 8-19.90 *- plate maker (printing), 9-24.90 - official, 1-80.40 *Stenciller, ceramics decorating, 8-95.40 *- reporter, 1-59.30 Stenographer-typist (general), 3-21.10 Sportsman, professional, 1-8020 Stenographers, typists and card- and tape-punching Spotter (dry-cleaner), 5-60.50 machine operators, 3-2 *Spout maker, pottery, 8-92.90 STENOGRAPHERS, TYPISTS AND TELETYPISTS, 3-21 *Spray-drier operator (chemical and related Stenographic secretary, 3-21.20 processes), 7-42.90 Stereotyper, 9-23.20 *Spray-painter, buildings, 9-31.20 STEREOTYPERS AND ELECTROTYPERS, 9-23 -, ceramics, 8-95.50 Sterilising cook, 7-74.20 -, except construction, 9-39.30 *Stevedore, 9-71.20 motor-vehicle assembly, 9-39.90 *Steward, aircraft, 5-99.70 *Spray-plant operator (dried milk), 7-75.90 -, chief (ship), 5-20.50

346 EXPANDED ALPHABETICAT OF TITLES

*Steward, dining saloon (ship), 5-32.10 Stripper, tobacco (machine), 7-81.60 -, house, 5-20:40 *Stripping-plate-machine moulder, 7-25.40 *-, racetrack, 1-80.40 *Structural engineer (buildings), 0-22.20 -, ship's, 5-40.60 *- glazier (general), 9-57.20 *Sticker-up, pottery, 8-92.90 - metal marker, 8-74.20 *Sticker, animal, 7-73.90 STRUCTURAL METAL PREP kRERS AND ERECTORS, 8-74 STILL AND REACTOR OPERATORS, 744 Structural steel and ship painter, 9-31.30 Still operator, batch (chemical processes, except *- - erector, 8-74.40 petroleum), 7-44.20 - - worker (workshop), 8-74.30 - -, continuous (chemical processes, except Stucco plasterer, 9-55.30 petroleum), 7-44.30 Stud breeder, 6-12.40 *Still-pump operator (petroleum refining), 7-45.30 *- groom, 6-24.90 *Stillman (alcohol, perfume or turpentine), 7-44.90 *Student vocational counsellor, 1-94.30 - (petroleum refining), 7-45.40 Studio and stage carpenter, 9-54.30 *Stipple artist, lithographic, 9-24.90 - - electrician, 8-55.50 STOCK CLERKS, 3-91 *- equipment operator, radio and television *Stock jobber, 4-41.90 broadcasting (except sound recording), 8-61.30 - records clerk, 3-91.30 *Stump grubber, 9-99.10 *Stockbroker, 4-41.40 *- moulder, 7-25.20 *Stocking knitting-machine operator, 7-55.30 Sub-editor, newspapers and periodicals, 1-59.25 *-- ribber, 7-55.90 *Sugar boiler, 7-72.50 *Stockman (beef cattle worker), 6-24.20 *- crystalliser operator, 7-72.50 *- (livestock (general) worker), 6-24.10 *- grinder, 7-72.90 *- (sheep worker), 6.24.30 SUGAR PROCESSERS AND REFINERS, 7-72 *Stoker, ship's, 9-82.20 *Sugar-beet farm worker, 6-22.20 Stone carver (hand), 8-20.70 *- grower, 6-12.20 - cutter and finisher, 8-20.20 *Sugar-cane cutter, 6-22.90 STONE CUTTERS AND CARVERS, 8-20 farm worker, 6-22.60 *Stone dresser, 8-20.20 - grinder, 7-72.20 *- driller, 8-20.90 *- planter, 6-12.20 - engraver, lithographic, 9-24.15 *Sugar-processing equipment operator - grader, 8-20.30 (continuous refining), 7-72.60 *- grinder, 8-20.20 *Suit-case maker, cardboard, 9-10.90 - lathe operator, 8-20.50 *Sulphitation man (sugar refining), 7-72.40 - letter cutter (hand), 8-20.60 Supercalender operator, 7-34.40 *- planer, 8-20.20 *Supermarket manager, 4-00.30 *- polisher, 8-20.20 *- and general foreman (beverage. making), 7-00.65 *- sawyer, 8-20.20 *- - - (building and construction work), - splitter, 7-12.20 7-00.75 *Stone-spreader operator (construction), 9-74.90 *- - - (ceramics manufacturing), 7-00.90 *Stonehand (printing), 9-21.50 *- - - (chemical and related materials Stonemason (construction), 9-51.40 processing), 7-00.40 *Stonemasonry teacher, 1-32.80 *- - - (chemical products fabrication), 7-00.60 Stonework lay-out man, 8-20.40 *- - - (clothing manufacturing), 7-00.70 *Store cashier, 3-31.60 *- - - (construction work), 7-00.75 *- detective, 5-89.20 *- - - (electrical and electronic equipment *- manager, 4-00.30 installation), 7-00.55 *Storekeeper, 3-91.40 *- - (electrical equipment manufacturing Storeroom clerk, 3-91.40 and repairing), 7-00.55 *Stores department manager (manufacturing *- - - (electricity generation and company), 2-19.90 distribution), 7-00.80 Story-teller, 1-73.50 *- - - (electronic equipment manufacturing *Stover (tobacco), 7-81.90 and repairing), 7-00.55 *Strainer (chemical and related materials), 7-43.90 *- - - (fellmongering), 7-00.90 *Stratigrapher, 0-13.30 *- - (food processing), 7-00.65 *Straw hat maker, 7-93.90 *- - - (gas production and *- weaver, 9-42.90 distribution), 7-00.80 *Street mason, 9-51.60 *Supervisor and general foreman (glass and ceramics *- sweeper, 9-99.10 manufacturing), 7-00.90 - vendor, 4-52.20 *- - (general), 7-00.10 STREET VENDORS, CANVASSERS AND NEWSVENDC. 1, 4-52 *- - - (leather goods making), 7-00.90 *Streetcar driver, 9-85.20 *- - - (machinery manufacturing and Stretcher, pelt, 7-62.60 repairing), 7-00.50 *Strike-off machine operator (concrete paving), 9-74.55 - - (metal processing), 7-00.30 *Striker, blacksmith's, 8-31.90 *- - - (metal products manufacturing and Stringed instrument maker, 9-41.20 repairing), 7-00.50 *Stringer, piano, 9-41.70 *- - - (mining), 7-00.20 *Strip-tease artist, 1-79.90 *- - - (paper making), 7-00.90 Stripper, tobacco (hand), 7-81.50 *- - - (paper products fabrication), 7-00.60

347 EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TITLES

*- - - (pelt dressing), 7-00.90 T *- - - (plastics products fabrication), 7-00.60 *- - (printing and publishing), 7-00.90 *Table clearer, 5-32.90 *- - - (quarrying), 7-00.20 *- hand (bread), 7-76.20 *- - - (rubber products fabrication), 7-00.60 *- - (flour confectionery), 7-76.30 *- - - (shoemaking), 7-00.90 *Tablet coater, 7-49.90 *- - - (stone cutting and carving), 7-00.90 *Tabulating-machine operator, 3-42.30 *- - - (synthetic materials products *Tailor, alteration, 7-91.90 fabrication), 7-00.60 -, fur, 7-92.20 *- - (tanning), 7-00.90 -, made-to-measure garments, 7-91.20 *- - - (textile fibre processing and textiles -, ready-to-wear garments, 7-91.30 manufacturing), 7-00.70 *Tailor's cutter, 7-94.50 *- - - (tobacco products manufacturing), TAILORS AND DRESSMAKERS, 7-91 7-00.90 Tailors, dressmakers, sewers, upholsterers and related *- - - (water conservation and supply), 7-00.80 workers, 7-9 *- - - (well drilling), 7-00.20 *Taker-off (shoe finishing), 8-02.55 *- - - (wood processing), 7-00.90 *-, printing press, 9-22.90 *- - (wood products making), 7-00.90 *Tally clerk, 3-91.50 Supervisor, air transport service, 3-59.50 *Tamping-machine operator (construction), 9-74.90 ,clerical (general), 3-00.10 *Tandem-mill roller (cold steel), 7-22.40 -, farm, 6-00.30 *Tanker driver, 9-85.60 -, forest, 6-32.20 *Tanlcman (wood treating), 7-31.30 *-, housekeeping (except private service), 5-20.20 Tanner, 7-61.45 *-, mail depot, 3-59.80 TANNERS AND FELLMONGERS, 7-61 ,postal services, 3-59.80 Tanners, fellmongers and pelt dressers, 7-6 ,railway service, 3-59.20 *Tap and die maker, 8-32.20 -, road transport service, 3-59.40 *- dancer, 1-72.30 -, sales (retail trade), 4-21.30 Tape- and card-punching machine operator, 3-22.20 - (wholesale trade), 4-21.20 *Tape-recording equipment operator, 8-62.20 -, telecommunications service, 3-59.75 *Tape-to-card converter operator, 3-42.90 SUPERVISORS AND GENERAL FOREMEN, PRODUCTION, 7-00 Tapestry maker (hand), 7-54.35 *Supplies manager, 2-19.90 *Tapper, furnace (metal melting), 7-23.90 *Supply clerk, 3-91.40 *-, - (ore smelting and refining), 7-21.90 *- requirements buyer, 4-22.30 *-, rubber, 6-23.90 *Supreme court judge, 1-22.10 -, tree (except rubber), 6-29.40 *Surface grinding-machine operator Tar-spreading machine operator, 9-74.60 (metalworking), 8-34.65 Taster, coffee and tea, 7-77.20 *- - setter-operator (metalworking), 8-33.70 wine and liquor, 7-78.60 Surgeon, general, 0-61.10 *Tattooist, 1-62.90 -, specialised, 0-61.30 *Tax clerk, 3-39.40 *-, veterinary (general), 0-65.10 *Taxation economist, 0-90.20 *Surgical appliance maker, 8-42.45 Taxi driver, 9-85.30 *- boot and shoe maker, 8-01.20 Taxidermist, 9-49.20 *- instrument maker and repairer, 8-42.90 *Taxonomist, animal, 0-51.30 *- pathologist, 0-52.60 *-, plant, 0-51.20 *Survey statistician, 0-81.30 Tea blender, 7-77.40 Surveyor, general, 0-31.10 - plantation worker, 6-23.40 hydrographic, 0-31.40 *- planter, 6-12.30 ,land, 0-31.20 *- plucker, 6-23.90 *-, marine, 0-31.40 *- taster, 7-77.20 - , mining, 0-31.30 TEA, COFFEE AND COCOA PREPARERS, 7-77 *-, photographic, 0-31.90 *Teacher, accountancy, 1-31.45 -, quantity, 0-33.20 *-, advertising, 1-31.90 Surveyor's technician, 0-33.30 -, agricultural science (second level), 1-32.70 SURVEYORS, 0-31 - (third level), 1-31.60 Suspension bridge cable worker, 9-72.60 agronomy, 1-31.60 *Sweater operator, paraffin plant, 7-45.90 *-, animal husbandry, 1-31.60 *Sweeper, factory or street, 9-99.10 anthropology, 1-31.65 *Swing-bridge operator, 9-73.55 *-, archaeology (second level), 1-32.40 *Switch tender, railway yard, 9-84.40 *-, - (third level), 1-31.65 *Switchboard operator, electricity generating, 9-61.60 *-, architecture, 1-31.25 - -, telephone, 3-80.20 *-, art (second level), 1-32.50 *Switchgear fitter, electrical, 8-51.40 *-, - (third level), 1-31.90 Synthetic fibre maker, 7-49.35 *-, biology (second level), 1-32.30 Systems analyst, 0-83.10 *-, - (third level), 1-31.30 SYSTEMS ANALYSTS, 0-83 *-, botany (second level), 1-32.30 *Systems programmer, 0-84.20 *-, (third level), 1-31.30 *-, bricklaying, 1-32.80 *-, business management, 1-31.45

348 EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TITLES

*Teacher, chemistry (second level), 1-32.30 *Teacher dumb, 1-35.90 *-, - (third level), 1-31.20 - mentally handicapped, 1-35.40 *-, commerce (third level), 1-31.45 *- physically handicapped, 1-35.90 *-, commercial subjects, 1-32.60 *-, optometry, 1-31.75 lc-, computer programming, 1-31.90 *-, osteopathy, 1-31.75 *-, construction technology, 1-31.80 *-, pathology, 1-31.30 *-, crafts, 1-32.80 *-, pedagogy (second level), 1-32.90 *-, dancing (second level), 1-32.50 *-, - (third level), 1-31.55 *-, - (third level), 1-31.90 *-, pharmacology, 1-31.30 *-, dentistry, 1-31.30 *-, philology, 1-31.70 *-, dietetics, 1-31.75 *-, philosophy (second level), 1-32.90 *-, domestic science (second level), 1-32.75 *-, - (third level), 1-31.65 *-, drama (second level), 1-32.50 *-, photography, 1-32.80 *-, - (third level), 1-31.90 *-, physical education, 1-32.90 lc-, economics (third level), 1-31.45 *-, - sciences (third level), 1-31.20 -, education, 1-31.55 *-, physics (second level), 1-32.30 *-, elementary education, 1-33.20 *-, - (third level), 1-31.20 lc-, engineering (second level), 1-32.80 *-, physiotherapy, 1-31.75 *-, - (third level), 1-31.25 *-, political science, 1-31.65 *-, - technology, 1-31.80 *-, printing, 1-32.80 *-, family planning, 1-31.90 *-, private (art), 1-61.30 -, fine arts (second level), 1-32.80 *-, - (dancing), 1-72.30 -, first-level education, 1-33.20 *- - (music), 1-71.40 *-, food technology, 1-31.90 *-, - (singing), 1-71.45 *-, forensic science, 1-31.90 *-, - tutor (first level), 1-33.90 *-, forestry, 1-31.60 *-, - - (second level), 1-32.90 lc-, geography (second level), 1-32.40 *-, psychology (third level), 1-31.65 *-, - (third level), 1-31.65 *-, public administration, 1-31.90 lc-, geology (second level), 1-32.30 lc-, radiology, 1-31.75 *-, - (third level), 1-31.20 lc-, reading, 1-33.90 *- government (second level), 1-32.40 lc-, religion (second level), 1-32.40 *-, - (third level), 1-31.65 lc-, sales methods, 1-31.90 lc-, head, 1-39.40 *-, sculpture (second level), 1-32.50 *-, history (second level), 1-32.40 *-, - (third level), 1-31.90 *-, - (third level), 1-31.65 *-, secretarial subjects, 1-32.60 *-, home economics (third level), 1-31.90 lc-, silviculture, 1-31.60 *-, horticulture, 1-31.60 *-, social science (third level), 1-31.65 -, industrial arts (third level), 1-31.80 *-, - studies (second level), 1-32.40 *-, - design, 1-31.80 *-, sociology (second level), 1-32.40 *-, - technology, 1-31.80 *-, - (third level), 1-31.65 lc-, international affairs, 1-31.65 *-, statistics, 1-31.40 *-, journalism, 1-31.70 *-, stonemasonry, 1-32.80 -, kindergarten, 1-34.20 *-, technical drawing, 1-32.80 *-, language (second level), 1-32.15 - education (second level), 1-32.80 *-, - (third level), 1-31.70 *--, telecommunications services, 1-31.90 -, law, 1-31.50 *-, theology, 1-31.65 *--, librarianship, 1-31.90 *-, trade unionism, 1-31.90 *-, life sciences (third level), 1-31.30 *-, transport services, 1-31.90 *_, literature (second level), 1-32.15 lc-, typing, 1-32.60 *-, - (third level), 1-31.70 *-, veterinary science, 1-31.30 lc-, marketing, 1-31.90 lc-, woodwork, 1-32.80 -, mathematics (second level), 1-32.20 *-, writing, 1-33.90 (third level), 1-31.40 *-, youth leadership, 1-31.90 *-, medical therapy, 1-31.75 lc-, zoology (second level), 1-32.30 *-, medicine, 1-31.30 *-, - (third level), 1-31.30 *-, metalwork, 1-32.80 Teachers, 1-3 *-, meteorological observation, 1-31.90 TEACHERS, PRE-PRIMARY EDUCATION, 1-34 *-, military science, 1-31.90 TEACHERS, PRIMARY EDUCATION, 1-33 *-, mining technology, 1-31.80 TEACHERS, SECONDARY EDUCATION, 1-32 *-, music (second level), 1-32.50 TEACHERS, SPECIAL EDUCATION, 1-35 - (third level), 1-31.90 TEACHERS, UNIVERSITY AND HIGHER EDUCATION, 1-31 *-, natural science (second level), 1-32.30 *Teaching aid specialist, 1-39.30 lc-, navigation, 1-31.90 *Teaching methods adviser, 1-39.20 lc-, nursery school, 1-34.90 *Teaser (glass-making), 8-93.20 *-, nursing (advanced), 1-31.75 *- (textiles), 7-51.90 *-, - (elementary), 1-32.75 *Technical drawing teacher, 1-32.80 lc-, occupational therapy, 1-31.75 - education teacher (second level), 1-32.80 - of the blind, 1-35.20 - illustrator, 0-32.70 - deaf, 1-35.30 lc- information archivist, 1-91.90

349 EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TITLES

*Technical programmer, 0-84.20 *Television receiver assembler, 8-53.30 - salesman, 4-31.20 *- transmitter fitter, 8-52.20 TECHNICAL SALESMEN AND SERVICE ADVISERS, 4-31 Teller, bank, 3-31.40 Technical salesmen, commercial travellers and Temperer, 7-26.50 manufacturers' agents, 4-3 *- (chocolate), 7-76.90 Technical service adviser, 4-31.30 *Tempering furnaceman, glass, 8-93.40 - writer, 1-59.65 *Template maker, 8-32.90 Technician, aeronautical engineering, 0-35.30 *Tenoning-machine operator (woodworking), 8-12.90 *-, agronomy, 0-54.90 *Tenor, 1-71.45 -, automotive engineering, 0-35.40 *Tent cutter, 7-94.90 -, biological, 0-54.20 *- maker, 7-99.20 - , chemical engineering(general), 0-36.10 *- patternmaker, 7-94.90 - - (petroleum), 0-36.20 *- sewer (hand), 7-95.90 - , chemistry, 0-14.20 *- - (machine), 7-95.50 -, civil engineering(general), 0-33.10 *Terminal superintendent, water transport, 3-59.90 -, electrical engineering (general),0-34.05 Terrazzo worker, 9-52.50 - , electronics engineering(general), 0-34.10 *Test pilot (aircraft), 0-41.30 -, extractive metallurgy,0-37.20 Tester and inspector, mechanical products, 8-49.85 *-, forestry, 0-54.90 *- (electrical and electronic equipment), 8-59.20 *-, geology, 0-14.90 Textile bleacher, 7-56.15 *-, marine engineering, 0-35.20 - calender operator, 7-56.70 -, mechanicalengineering (general), 0-35.10 - card grinder, 8-35.60 *-, medical laboratory, 0-54.30 *- designer, 1-62.40 -, mining (general), 0-38.10 *- drier, 7-56.90 *-, motor and engine, 0-35.20 - fuller, 7-56.55 *-, oil and gas well-drilling, 0-38.20 - machinery fitter-assembler, 8-41.50 -, physical metallurgy,0-37.30 - machinery mechanic, 8.49.45 -, physics, 0-14.30 - printer, 9-29.50 * -, power generation and transmission, 0-34.20 - shrinker, 7-56.50 - , production engineering, 0-39.20 *- technician, 0-39.90 *-, surveyor's, 0-33.30 *- technologist, 0-29.90 -, telecommunications, 0-34.30 - washer, 7-56.35 10-, television engineering, 0-34.90 - waterproofer, 7-56.60 -, time and motion study, 0-39.30 *Textiles chemist, 0-11.20 *Teemer (metal casting), 7-24.20 *Thatcher, 9-53.60 *Telecine operator, television broadcasting, 8-61.30 *Theatre carpenter, 9-54.30 Telecommunications engineer, 0-23.40 *- electrician, 8-55.50 *- service operations manager, 2-19.70 *Theatrical agent, 1-99.90 - - supervisor, 3-59.75 *- director, 1-73.30 - technician, 0-34.30 *- dressmaker, 7-91.90 Telegraph and telephone lineman, 8-57.40 - producer, 1-74.20 *- engineer, 0-23.40 *Theologian, 1-49.90 *- installer, 8-56.20 *Theology teacher, 1-31.65 *- mechanic, 8-56.30 *Theoretical physicist, 0-12.90 *- messenger, 3-70.40 *Therapeutic dietitian, 0-69.10 Telegrapher, 3-80.40 *Therapist for orientation of the blind, 0-79.90 *Telegraphic typewriter operator, 3-21.50 -, occupational, 0-76.30 *Telephone and telegraph cable jointer, 8-57.50 Thermite welder, 8-72.30 - - installer, 8-56.20 *Thermodynamicist, 0-12.30 TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH INSTALLERS, 8-56 *Thomas furnaceman, 7-21.50 Telephone and telegraph lineman, 8-57.40 *Thoracic surgeon, 0-61.30 - - mechanic, 8-56.30 *Thread doubler, 7-52.30 TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH OPERATORS, 3-80 *- spinner, 7-52.20 *Telephone engineer, 0-23.40 *- twister, 7-52.40 - switchboard operator, 3-80.20 *- winder, 7-52.50 *Telephonist, 3-80.20 Threader, loom (hand), 7-54.20 *Teleprinter operator, 3-21.50 - (machine), 7-54.25 Teletypist, 3-21.50 *Threshing-machine operator, 6-28.20 Television and radio journalist, 1-59.35 Thrower, pottery and porcelain, 8-92.25 - - mechanic, 8-54.20 *Ticket clerk, 3-31.60 - - studio equipment operator, 8-61.30 *- writer, bookmaker's, 5-99.20 - transmitting equipment operator, 8-61.20 *Ticketer (machine), 9-71.60 *- announcer, 1-79.20 *Tight-rope walker, 1-75.90 - camera operator, 1-63.70 Tile and brick kilnman, 8-93.60 *- critic, 1-51.30 - - moulder (hand), 8-92.40 director, 1-73.40 - and slate roofer, 9-53.20 *- engineer, 0-23.90 *- layer, composition tiles, 9-59.70 *- engineering technician, 0-34.90 - setter, 9-51.50 *- producer, 1-74.40 Timber cruiser, 6-32.40

350 EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TITLES

*Timber cutter (forestry), 6-31.20 Traffic planner, 0-29.50 * drawer (mine), 7-11.90 5-- superintendent, road transport, 3-59.40 *- marker, 6-32.90 *- -, telecommunications, 3-59.75 *- rider, 6-31.40 supervisor, airline, 3-59.50 *- robber (mine), 7-11.90 *Trailer-truck driver, 9-85.60 Timber-carrier driver, 9-79.50 *Train brakeman, freight, 9-84.20 *Timberman (construction), 9-59.90 *- -, mine and quarry, 9-84.50 *- (mine), 7-11.60 - dispatcher, 3-59.25 Time and motion study engineer, 0-28.30 *- driver, 9-83.20 - - - technician, 0-39.30 *- - (underground or elevated train), 9-83.50 *- salesman, broadcasting, 4-42.30 *- driver's assistant, 9-83.40 *Timekeeper, 3-39.90 *- shunter, 9-84.40 *Tin dipper, 7-28.30 *Trainer (sport), 1-80.30 Tinsmith, 8-73.40 -, physical, 1-80.50 Tire builder, 9-02.20 *Trainman, railway yard, 9-84.40 TIRE MAKERS AND VULCANISERS, 9-02 *Tram conductor, 3-60.40 Tire moulder, 9-02.30 - driver, 9-85.20 - rebuilder, 9-02.40 *Transferrer, ceramics decorating, 8-95.40 *- trimmer, 9-02.90 -, direct lithographic, 9-24.50 *Tire-tread cutter, 9-02.90 -, photo-mechanical, 9-25.40 *Tissue technician, 0-54.30 *Transformer coil winder (hand), 8-53.50 Tobacco blender, 7-81.30 5- - - (machine), 8-53.40 *- cake maker, 7-89.90 *- fitter, 8-51.30 - conditioner operator, 7-81.40 Translator, 1-95.30 --- cutting-machine operator, 7-81.70 *Transmission engineer (electric power), 0-23.30 *- drier operator, 7-81.90 *- mechanic, motor vehicles, 8-43.90 *- farm worker, 6-22.90 Transmqting equipment operator, radio and *- flavourer. 7-81.90 television, 8-61.20 grader, 7-81.20 Transport and communications supervisors, 3-5 *- planter, 6-12.20 TRANSPORT CONDUCTORS, 3-60 *- plug maker, 7-89.90 Transport equipment operators, 9-8 TOBACCO PREPARERS, 7-81 Transport operations manager, 2-19.60 Tobacco preparers and tobacco product makers, 7-8 *- service inspector, buses and trains, 3-59.45 Tobacco stripper (hand), 7-81.50 - - -, railway, 3-59.30 - (machine), 7-81.60 *Trapeze artist, 1-75.50 *Toddy tapper, 6-29.40 Trapper and hunter, 6-49.60 *Toll collector, 3-31.60 Travel agency clerk, 3-94.40 *Tone regulator (musical instrument), 9-41.30 - guide, 5-91.20 Tool and die maker, 8-32.20 Traveller, commercial, 4-32.20 *- crib attendant, 3-91.40 *Trawler crewman, 6-41.20 *- grinder (except machine tools), 8-35.40 *Tread cutter, tire-making, 9-02.90 - - (machine tools), 8-35.30 *Treater (petroleum refining), 7-45.20 TOOLMAKERS, METAL PATTERN MAKERS AND METAL Tree feller and bucker, 6-31.20 MARKERS, 8-32 *- marker, 6-32.90 Tools and industrial machinery engineer, 0-24.20 *- planter (forestry), 6-32.90 *Toolsmith, 8-31.10 - tapper (except rubber), 6-29.40 *Topographical surveyor, 0-31.20 *- - (rubber), 6-23.90 *Topper (logging), 6-31.30 Trench-digging-machine operator, 9-74.25 *Totalisator operator, 5-99.20 *Trichologist, 5-70.90 *Toucher-up, ceramics decorating, 8-95.90 *Tricycle driver (not motorised), 9-89.50 *Tower construction engineer, 0.22.90 *Trimmer, board, 7-32.90 Tower-crane operator, 9-73.27 fur, 7-92.90 Town planner, 0-21.30 hat, 7-93.90 *Tcedcologist, 0-52.70 1,-, pelt, 7-62.40 *Toymaker (metal), 9-49.90 shoe finishing, 8-02.55 *- (stuffed toys), 9-49.40 *-, tire, 9-02.90 *- (wood), 9-49.90 *Tripe dresser, 7-73.90 *Tracer, ceramics decorating, 8-95.90 *Trolley-bus conductor, 3-60.40 *Trackman, railway, 9-99.10 *- driver, 9-85.40 *Traction engineer (electric power), 0-23.90 *Truck dispatcher, 3-59.40 *Tractor driver (farm), 6-28.20 *- driver (local transport), 9-85.50 *- mechanic, 843.90 *- - (long-distance transport), 9-85.60 *Tractor-crane operator, 9-73.30 *- loader, 9-71.30 *Traffic clerk (freight), 3-91.20 *- mechanic, 8-43.30 *- controller, air, 3-59.60 *- operator, dumper, 9-79.30 *- department manager, transport operations, 2-19.60 *- -, fork-lift, 9-79.20 *- engineer, 0-29.50 *- -, shuttle-car (mine), 9-79.40 *- inspector, passenger road transport service, 3-59.45 *Trumpeter, 1-71.40 *- -, railway, 3-59.30 *Tub moulder, 7-25.20

351 EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TITLES

*Tube coremaker, 7-25.60 Underwriter, 1-99.50 *- drawer, seamless, 7-27.40 *Universal boring-machine setter-operator *- extruder operator (metal), 7-27.50 (metal boring), 8-33.50 - maker, glass, 8-91.76 *-- grinding-machine setter-operator (metalworking), *Tube-filling machine operator, 9-71.55 8-33.70 *Tubman (chemical and related processes), 7-42.20 *- milling-machine setter-operator (metalworking), *Tubular heating man (condensed milk), 7-75.90 8-33.30 *Tuckpointer, 9-51,90 UNIVERSITY AND HIGHER EDUCATION TEACHERS, 1-31 *Tufter, hand (carpet weaving), 7-54.90 Upholsterer, furniture, 7-96.20 *Tugboatman, 9-81.90 *-, soft furnishing, 7-96.90 *Tulip farmer, 6-12.70 -, vehicle, 7-96.30 *Tumbler, 1-75.40 UPHOLSTERERS AND RELATED WORKERS, 7-96 *Tuna boat crewman, 6-41.20 *Upholstery cutter, 7-94.90 Tuner, musical instrument, 9-41.80 *- patternmaker, 7-94.90 *-, vehicle engine, 8-43.90 *- sewer (hand), 7-95.90 *Tunnelling-machine operator (construction), 9-74.90 *- - (machine), 7-95.50 Turbine fitter-assembler (except aircraft and Uppers preparer, 8-02.30 marine), 8-41.30 *Urban planner, 0-21.30 - mechanic (except aircraft and marine turbines), *Usher, 5-99.90 8-49.25 - operator (power-station), 9-61.50 *Turf layer, 6-27.90 V *Turkey farmer, 6-12.60 *Vaccinator (poultry), 6-26.90 *Turlcish bath attendant, 5-70.70 *Vacuum conditioner operator (tobacco), 7-81.40 *Turner, 8-33.20 *- oven operator (foodstuffs), 7-74.40 *-, pottery and porcelain, 8-92.90 *- pan operator (chemical and related processes), *-, stone, 8-20.50 7-44.50 ,wood, 8-12.30 *- - - (condensed milk), 7-75.90 *Turnstile collector, 3-31.60 *- - - (food essences), 7-74.90 *Turpentine distiller, 7-44.90 *Valet service boy (hotel), 5-40.90 *Turret-lathe operator (metalworking), 8-34.20 *- (private service), 5-40.30 *- setter-operator (metalworking), 8-33.20 *Value engineer, 0-28.90 *Tutor, private (primary education), 1-33.90 *Valuer, 4-43.30 *-, - (secondary education), 1-32.90 Van and lorry driver (local transport), 9-85.50 - - (third level) -_ - (long-distance transport), 9-85.60 See Teachers (code to subject specialisation) *Varitypist, 3-21.90 *Twiner (thread and yarn), 7-52.40 *Varnisher (wooden furniture finishing), 8-19.55 Twister, 7-52.40 *Varnishing-machine operator (paper making), 7-34.90 *Twisting helper, 7-52.90 *Vat dyer (leather), 7-61.55 *Twisting-machine operator (thread and yarn), 7-52.40 *Vatman (chemical and related processes), 7-42.20 Type-casting-machine operator, 9-21.40 *Vegetable cook (chef), 5-31.30 *Type-setter, hand composing, 9-21.20 - farm worker, 6-22.20 *-, linotype, 9-21.30 *- farmer (except market garden), 6-12.20 *-, photo-type, 9-21.55 *- (market garden), 6-12.70 *Type-setter-perforator operator, 9-21.35 *- preparer, 5-31.90 *Typevvriter mechanic, 8-49.65 Vehicle electrician, 8-55.40 *Typing teacher, 1-32.60 - glazier, 9-57.60 Typist, 3-21.40 - loader, road and railway, 9-71.30 *Typist-clerk, 3-21.40 sheet-metal worker, 8-73.70 Typist-stenographer (general), 3-21.10 - upholsterer, 7-96.30 *Typograph operator, 9-21.30 *- washer, 9-99.10 *Typographical designer, 1-62.20 *Vehicle-body builder (wood), 8-19.20 Veneer applier, 8-19.50 U cutter, 7-32.40 *- sheet gluer, 7-32.90 *Ultrasonic cleaner (metal), 7-29.40 *Veneer-press operator, 7-32.60 *Umbrella cutter, 7-94.90 Ventilation and heating equipment operator, 9-69.80 - maker, 7-99.30 *- engineering technician, 0-35.50 *- patternmaker, 7-94.90 *Ventriloquist, 1-79.90 *Umpire (sport), 1-80.40 Verbatim reporter, 3-21.30 *Under-secretary, government department, 2-02.10 Verger, 5-51.40 *Underground cable layer, 9-59.90 *Vertica' boring-machine operator (metalworking), *- miner (general), 7-11.05 8-34.50 or elevated train driver, 9-83.50 *- - setter-operator (metal boring), 8-33.50 - timberman, 7-11.60 *- drilling-machine operator (metalworking), 8-34.60 Undertaker, 5-92.20 *- setter-operator (metalworking),-8-33.60 *Undertaker's assistant, 5-92.90 *- glass-drawing-machine operator, 8-91.40 UNDERTAKERS AND EMBALMERS, 5-92 Veterinarian, general, 0-65.10 Underwater worker, 9-59.60 -, public health, 0-65.20

352 EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TITLES

VETERINARIANS, 0-65 WATCH, CLOCK AND PRECISION-INSTRUMENT *Veterinary aid, 5-99.60 MAKERS, 8-42 - assistant, 0-66.10 *Watchcase vulcaniser (tires), 9-02.30 VETERINARY ASSISTANTS, 0-66 Watchman, 5-89.40 *Veterinary bacteriologist, 0-52.50 *Water bailiff, 6-49.90 *- clinic attendant, 5-99.60 *- pumpman, 9-69.40 *- epidemiologist, 0-65.90 - treatment-plant operator (waterworks), 9 -69.50 - pathologist, 0-52.65 *Wattrman, 9-81.90 *- science teacher, 1-31.30 Waterproofer, textile, 7-56.60 *- surgeon (general), 0-65.10 *-, textile (oil), 9-49.90 *Vibrating-screed operator (concrete paving), 9-74.55 *Waterproofing-machine operator (textile), 7-56.60 *Vicar, 1-41.20 *Waxer, glass sandblasting, 8-94.90 *Video operator (television broadcasting), 8-61.30 *Waxing-machine operator (paper making), 7-34.90 *- recording equipment operator, 8-61.30 *Weather forecaster, 0-13.40 *Viewer (quality inspection), 9-49.80 *Weaver, basket, 9-42.20 Vinegar maker, 7-78.70 -, carpet (hand), 7-54.55 Vineyard worker, 6-23.30 - (machine), 7-54.60 *Viniculturist (working proprietor), 6-12.30 -, cloth (hand), 7-54.30 *Violin maker and repairer, 9-41.20 - (machine, except Jacquard loom), 7-54:40 *Violinist, 1-71.40 -, Jacquard, 7-54.45 *Viscoliser (dairy products), 7-75.90 -, lace (machine), 7-54.50 *Visual teaching aid specialist, 1-39.30 41-, tapestry (hand), 7-54.35 Vocal group conductor, 1-71.50 WEAVERS AND RELATED WORKERS, 7-54 *Vocalist, 1-71.45 WEAVING- AND KNITTING-MACHINE SETTERS AND Vocational guidance counsellor, 1-94.30 PATTERN-CARD PREPARERS, 7-53 *Voicer, organ, 9-41.80 *Weaving-loom fixer, 7-53.20 *Volcanologist, 0-13.20 *Weaving-machine operator (except Jacquard *Vulcaniser (rubber goods, except tires), 9-01.90 looms), 7-54.40 *- operator, Jacquard, 7-54.45 *Web pressman (except rotogravure), 9-22.30 *Weigher (sugar confectionery), 7-76.60 Weighing clerk, 3-91.50 Wages clerk, 3-39.30 *Weight analyst (aircraft manufacture), 0-84.90 *- section supervisor, 3-00.90 *Weights and measures inspector, 3-10.10 * Wagon -lit car attendant, 3-60.30 *Welder, acetylene, 8-72.15 Waiter, formal service, 5-32.30 *-, butt, 8-72.35 -, general, 5-32.10 *-, contact, 8-72.35 -, head, 5-3220 -, electric arc (hand), 8-72.20 *-, railway dining car, 5-32.10 - - (machine), 8-72.25 -, wine, 5-32.40 *--, flash, 8-72.35 WAITERS, BARTENDERS AND RELATED WORKERS, 5-32 -, gas, 8-72.15 *Wall tiler, 9-51.50 *--, - and electric (general), 8-72.10 *Wallpaper hanger, 9-59.25 -, hand (electric arc), 8-72.20 - printer, 9-22.70 machine (electric arc), 8-72.25 *Warden, game or bird sanctuary, 6-49.90 *-, oxy-acetylene, 8-72.15 *-, probation home, 1-93.40 -, resistance, 8-72.35 *Warder, prison, 5-89.30 *-, seam, 8-72.35 Wardrobe mistress (stage and studio), 5-40.70 *-, spot, 8-72.35 *Ware emptier, ceramics, 8-93.90 thermite, 8-72.30 *Warehouse clerk, 3-91.40 WELDERS AND FLAME-CUTTERS, 8-72 *- department manager, 2-19.90 *Welfare officer for the deaf, 1-93.90 - porter, 9-71.45 *- - physically handicapped, 1-93.90 *Warehousing company manager, 4-00.20 *- worker, 1-93.20 *Warp knitting-machine operator, 7-55.90 *Well acidising treater, 7-13.70 Warper, beam, 7-54.15 *- borer (except oil and gas), 7-13.80 *Warping-machine operator (textile weaving), 7-54.15 - cementer (oil and gas), 7-13.50 *Washer, chemical and related materials, 7-43.90 digger, 9-59.55 *-, hand, 5-60.90 *_ driller (water well), 7-13.80 *-, machine (laundry), 5-60.20 - and borer (except oil and gas wells), 7-13.80 *- operator (chemical and related processes), 7-49.90 -, cable (oil and gas), 7-13.40 *- (minerals), 7-12.90 -, rotary (oil and gas), 7-13.30 *- -, textile fibres, except wool, 7-51.90 WELL DRILLERS, BORERS AND RELATED WORKERS, 7-13 *- -, wool fibre, 7-51.20 Well puller (oil and gas wells), 7-13.60 -, textile, 7-56.35 *--- sinker, 9-59.55 *-, vehicle, 9-99.10 Well- drilling rigger, oil and gas, 9-72.50 *Waste treatment operator (radioactive materials), 7-49.40 Wet-end machine operator (paper making), 7-34.20 *Watch adjuster, 8-42.25 Whale hunter, 6-49.40 - clock assembler, 8-42.20 *Whaler crewman, 6-49.40 - repairer, 8-42.25 *Wharf superintendent, 3-59.90

353

F EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TITLES

*Wharfinger, 3-59.90 Wood-lathe setter-operator, 8-12.40 *Wharfman (docker), 9-71.20 Wood-planing-machine setter-operator, 8-12.70 Wheat farm worker, 6-22.30 Wood-routing-machine setter-operator, 8-12.60 *- farmer, 6-12.20 Wood-shaping-machine setter-operator, 8-12.50 *Wheelwright, 8-19.25 *Wood-shingle roofer, 9-53.90 *Whip maker, 8-03.90 *Woodcutter (forest), 6-31.90 *White-lead maker, 7-49.90 Wooden furniture finisher, 8-19.55 *Whitewasher, 9-31.90 - model maker, 8-19.40 *Wholesale company manager, 4-00.20 *- tank maker, 8-19.30 - trade salesman, 4-51.20 *Woodman, 6-32.30 *Wholesaler (working proprietor), 4-10.20 Woodwind instrument maker, 941.30 Wicker furniture maker, 942.50 *Woodwork teacher, 1-32.80 *Wig dresser, 5-70.90 Woodworking machine operator (general), 8-12.08 *Wigmaker, 9-49.90 WOODWORKING MACHINE OPERATORS, 8-12 *Wild animal trainer, 1-75.90 Woodworking machine setter (general), 8-12.05 *- life warden, 6-49.90 - - setter-operator (general), 8-12.10 *Willeyer, 7-51.90 --- machinery fitter-assembler, 8-41.55 *Wilton weaver, 7-54.60 - - mechanic, 8-49.50 Winch operator, 9-73.50 Wool carboniser, 7-56.45 Winder (yarn), 7-52.50 - scourer, 7-51.20 -, coil (hand), 8-53.50 *Woolgrower, 6-12,40 - (machine), 8-53.40 *Work study engineer, 0-28.30 *Winding engineman, mine, 9-73.40 *- - technician, 0-39.30 *- helper (yarn), 7-52.90 Workers in religion, 1-4 *Winding-machine operator (thread and yarn), 7-52.50 Working proprietor (café, bar and snack bar), 5-10.50 Window cleaner, 5-52.30 - - (guest house), 5-10.40 *- display designer, 1-62.50 - - (hotel and restaurant), 5-10.20 Wine and liquor taster, 7-78.60 *- - (motel), 5-10.20 *- blender, 7-78.90 - - (restaurant), 5-10.30 *- clarifier, 7-78.90 - - (retail trade), 4-10.30 *- racker, 7-78.90 - - (wholesale trade), 4-10.20 *- steward, 5-32.40 WORKING PROPRIETORS (CATERING AND LODGING waiter, 5-32.40 sERvicEs), 5-10 - worker, 7-78.50 WORKING PROPRIETORS (WHOLESALE AND RETAIL *Winegrower, 6-12.30 TRADE), 4-10 *Winnower, cocoa-bean, 7-77.90 *Works foremen Wire drawer (hand), 7-27.20 See Supervisors and general foremen, - - (machine), 7-27.30 production *- goods maker, 8-39.90 *- manager (production department), 2-12.10 *- spinner and cable squeezer (bridge building), *Wrapper (hand), 9-71.50 9-72.60 *- (machine), 9-71.55 Wire-coating machine operator, 7-28.40 *Wrapping-machine operator (cardboard box *Wire-recording-equipment operator, 8-62.20 covering), 9 -1090 *Wireman, electric power (overhead), 8-57.20 *Wrecker, buildings, 9-59.45 *-, - power (underground), 8-57.90 *Wrestler, 1-80.20 *-, - traction (overhead), 8-57.30 *Writer, 1-51.20 *---, telephone and telegraph, 8-57.40 X *Wireworker, 8-39.90 *Xerography cameraman (offset printing), 9-25.90 Woman's hairdresser, 5-70.20 *X-ray film developer, 9-27.90 *Wood bender, 8-19.90 *- block floor layer, 9-54.90 - technician, medical, 0-77.10 - boatbuilder, 9-54.50 *Xylophone maker, 9-41.90 - carver, 8-19.45 Y *- distillation operator, 7-44.60 - grader, 7-32.70 *Yacht crewman, 9-81.90 - grinder, 7-33,20 *- skipper, 042.90 - pattern maker, 8-19.35 *Yard clean-up man, 9-99.10 Wood preparation workers and paper makers, 7-3 *- coupler, 9-84.40 Wood seasoning worker, 7-31.20 *- locomotive driver, 9-83.90 *- shavings machine operator, 7-32.90 *Yardmaster, railway, 3-59.35 - shipwright, 9-54.40 *Yarn doubler, 7-52.30 - spindle carving-machine setter-operator, 8-12.80 - dyer, 7-56.20 *- technician, 0-39.90 *- spinner, 7-52.20 41- technologist, 0.29.90 *- twister, 7-52.40 WOOD TREATERS, 7-31 *- washer, 7-56.35 Wood treating worker, 7-31.30 *- winder, 7-52.50 - turner, 8-12.30 Yeast maker, 7-78.40 -, rubber or linoleum block engraver (hand), 9-24.30 *Youth employment officer, 1-94.30 *Wood-harvesting machine operator, 6-31.90 *- leader, 1-93.30

354 EXPANDED ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TITLES

Z *Zoo keeper, 6-24.90 Zoologist, 0-51.30 *Zinc dipper, 7-28.30 *Zoology teacher (second level), 1-32.30 *Zipper slide-fastener maker, 9-49.90 * (third level), 1-31.30

355