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Ocha Drc Population Movements in Eastern Dr Congo October – December 2009

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Ocha Drc Population Movements in Eastern Dr Congo October – December 2009 Population Movements in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo OCHA DRC POPULATION MOVEMENTS IN EASTERN DR CONGO OCTOBER – DECEMBER 2009 January 2010 1 Population Movements in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo 1. OVERVIEW The humanitarian situation and movement of populations in 2009 have been heavily influenced by military operations and the still prevailing insecurity in a number of areas in the eastern provinces. Between January 20 and February 25 2009, the Forces Armées de la République Démocratique du Congo (FARDC) and the Rwanda Defence Forces (RDF) conducted joint operations (Umoja Wetu) in North Kivu against the Forces Démocratiques pour le Liberation du Rwanda (FDLR). In March 2009 a second military operation (Kimia II) was launched in North Kivu and South Kivu. Lubero, Rutshuru, Masisi and Walikale are the territories in North Kivu where major displacements have been reported since March 2009. In South Kivu the most affected areas are Kalehe, Uvira and Shabunda. The attacks carried out by the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), a Ugandan militia, in the Orientale province since September 2008 have spread from the Haut Uele district to the Bas Uele in 2009. The population is victim of atrocities and acts of extreme violence: killings, rapes, kidnapping and looting leading to population displacements in many locations of the districts. N. IDPs per Province 800 000 767 399 730 941 700 000 600 000 Haut Uele 500 000 Bas Uele Ituri North Kivu 400 000 South Kivu Equateur 239 210 Katanga 300 000 165 472 200 000 58 937 60 000 100 000 14 000 0 Note: Ituri, Haut Uele and Bas Uele are districts of the Orientale province During the reporting period (October ‐ December 2009) some displacements have been reported in the Katanga province where about 14.000 people have moved from South Kivu due to the military operations in the area bordering Katanga. On the other side of the country, in the Equateur province on the border with the Republic of Congo, between October and November 2009, inter‐ethnic fighting over disputed land and fishing rights erupted near Dongo. During the last three months of the year the situation escalated and the violence spread south which resulted in massive displacement of people. As of December 31, 2009 it is estimated that about 60.000 people have been displaced. It is important to note that, as a consequence of the inter‐ethnic fighting, in December it was reported that more than 84,000 refugees crossed the Ubangi river in DRC to look for refuge in the Republic of Congo (RoC), another 15,000 refugees crossed into the Central African republic (CAR). January 2010 2 Population Movements in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo IDPs per Province 1% 3% 12% 3% 8% 36% Haut Uele Bas Uele Ituri North Kivu South Kivu Equateur Katanga 37% As of December 31, 2009 the total estimated number of internally displaced persons in the country stands at about 1.9 million, while the total number of returnees is more than 1 m. 2. CURRENT TRENDS BY PROVINCE 2.1. NORTH KIVU Displacement: decreased numbers • 767.399 displaced persons in North Kivu (602.974 were displaced during 2009) • 42,21% of displaced are now in the Lubero territory Returns: decreased numbers • During the last three months, about 60.402 people have returned to Lubero and Masisi. • Since January 2009, 528.236 people returned to their origin places in North Kivu. Context Summary The humanitarian situation in North Kivu remains unstable, due to attacks against civilians, military operations and clashes between armed groups, in particular the FDLR and Mai‐Mai militias, and the FARDC. The accelerated integration of rebel elements in the Congolese Army has also been an ongoing factor of insecurity and political instability during this period. Local populations have criticized the slow process in restoring State Authority in the areas newly controlled by the Government. Monthly protection recommendations provided by the Protection Custer to MONUC aimed to improve protection of civilians. January 2010 3 Population Movements in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo Displacement Displaced Overall data on displacement suggest a decrease on number of IDPs when Territory comparing current data with the third quarter of 2009. Between October and persons December 2009, almost 110,000 displaced people were registered in Lubero Beni 7 965 (40%) and Walikale (30%) in Walikale, Masisi, Lubero and Beni territories. The Butembo 5 750 total number of IDPs in North Kivu has been Lubero 323 868 Déplacement par territoire ( 2005 - 2010 ) estimated at 767,339. Masisi 194 190 More than 600,000 Nyiragongo 1 710 Beni 13,64% were displaced during Rutshuru 129 201 Butembo 16,84% 1,04% 2009. Lubero 0,22% 0,75% Walikale 104 655 Masisi Total 767 339 Nyiragongo Underlying reasons for Rutshuru Walikale population movement in the province have been associated to (i) rebel activities such as FDLR and Mai‐ 25,31% 42,21% Mai self‐defence groups operating in Lubero, Ruthsuru, Masisi and Walikale and (ii) preventive movement undertaken by population fearing the military operation Kimia II or its consequences (West Lubero and Walikale the most affected areas). About 80% of all IDPs in North Kivu are residing in host families while only 15% of the IDP population is living in camps. The majority of the displaced population indicated ‘armed attacks’ as the main reason for displacement (75%). Preventive movement accounts for about 10% of reasons behind displacement. Returns The political changes on the landscape of North Kivu – the March 26, 2009 Returned Territory peace agreement signed between CNDP and GovDRC, has created persons conditions for return in areas controlled by CNDP in the past. As a consequence, an increased number of returns have been observed in Lubero 410 750 Lubero, Rutshuru and Masisi during 2009. The return to areas of origin from Masisi 178 878 IDP camps around Goma (September 2009) appears to be linked to the start Nyiragongo 1 090 up of the planting season and the beginning of the school rather than to security improvement in those areas. In Rutshuru, where insecurity and lack Rutshuru 260 662 of socio‐economic activities has hindered a full return process; commuting Walikale 3 685 between villages of origin and displacement areas (host families) has Total 855 065 become the IDPs’ coping strategy in this territory. Data on return movement suggest a slowdown on the return process (last quarter of 2009). Main reasons Retour par territoire (2009-2010) behind this slowdown appear to be: (i) lack of State Authorities in the newly controlled areas and; (ii) 0,7% insecurity linked to the military operations Kimia II. 33,0% 31,1% The total figures indicate that around 525,000 people Lubero had returned to home areas (registered during 2009). Masisi The main areas of return are: Masisi (35%), Lubero Nyiragongo (33%) and Rutshuru (31%). Verification of the figures Rutshuru continues to be difficult in Lubero due to Walikale “commuting” strategy among IDPs. In the last three 0,2% 35,0% month of 2009, 60,402 returnees were registered by partners. January 2010 4 Population Movements in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo Concerning the nature of settlement, the 95% of returnees have returned and repossessed their own houses/properties while 5% are residing with host families. The general perception of the improvement of security (95%) has been the main reason behind this return movement. Trends There is a general sense of ‘deceleration’ on the population movement in the province, displacement and return, when looking at the data from 2009. The analysis of the information collected shows a slightly decreased in displacement. Similar trend appears in data collected in return areas. In general, the return movement appears to be slowing down. Community based activities by the humanitarian community and development actors as well as the installation of state authorities may encourage return movement. Figures : Displacement Displacements in North Kivu, DRC – From January to December 2009 October ‐ July ‐ September January ‐ March Territory April ‐ June 2009 Total December 2009 2009 2009 Beni 2 285 2 695 4 980 Butembo 5 750 5 750 Lubero 43 070 123 910 11 778 142 400 321 158 Masisi 13 466 17 200 46 006 40 705 117 377 Nyiragongo Rutshuru 11 402 7 801 21 659 8 194 49 056 Walikale 32 385 29 760 10 340 32 170 104 655 Total 108 358 181 366 89 783 223 469 602 976 Grand Total 602 976 494 618 313 252 223 469 Displacements in North Kivu, DRC – From January to December 2009 Percentage per territory October ‐ July ‐ September January ‐ March Territory April ‐ June 2009 Total December 2009 2009 2009 Beni 2,11% 1,49% 0,83% Butembo 5,31% 0,95% Lubero 39,75% 68,32% 13,12% 63,72% 53,26% Masisi 12,43% 9,48% 51,24% 18,22% 19,47% Nyiragongo Rutshuru 10,52% 4,30% 24,12% 3,67% 8,14% Walikale 29,89% 16,41% 11,52% 14,40% 17,36% Total 100,00% 100,00% 100,00% 100,00% 100,00% January 2010 5 Population Movements in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo Figures : Return Returns in North Kivu, DRC ‐ 2009 October ‐ July ‐ April ‐ June January ‐ Territory December September Total 2009 March 2009 2009 2009 Beni Butembo Lubero 20 975 22 720 135 555 179 250 Masisi 39 427 65 829 38 603 31 560 175 419 Nyiragongo 1 090 1 090 Rutshuru 10 149 5 440 153 203 168 792 Walikale 3 685 3 685 Total 60 402 99 788 47 728 320 318 528 236 Grand Total 528 236 467 834 368 046 320 318 Returns in North Kivu, DRC ‐ 2009 Percentage per territory October ‐ July ‐ April ‐ June January ‐ Mars Territory December September Total 2009 2009 2009 2009 Beni Butembo Lubero 34,73% 22,77% 42,32% 33,93% Masisi 65,27% 65,97% 80,88% 9,85% 33,21% Nyiragongo 1,09% 0,21% Rutshuru 10,17% 11,40% 47,83% 31,95% Walikale 7,72% 0,70% Total 100,00% 100,00% 100,00% 100,00% 100,00% 2.2.
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