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Excavations at Madina, District Rohtak, Haryana 2007-08: a Report

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Excavations at Madina, District Rohtak, Haryana 2007-08: a Report Excavations at Madina Excavations at Madina, District Rohtak, Haryana 2007-08: A Report Manmohan Kumar M.D. University, Rohtak Vasant Shinde Deccan College, Pune Akinori Uesugi Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto Vivek Dangi M.D. University, Rohtak Sajjan Kumar M.D. University, Rohtak Vijay Kumar M.D. University, Rohtak ABSTRACT It has been a matter of immense debate whether there was a hiatus between the Late Harappan culture and the Painted Grey Ware culture. Although many sites have been excavated in order to reveal this problem and the archaeological evidence from some sites like Bhagwanpura indicate that there was an overlap between two cultures, it has never been explained what the nature of the overlap or relations was. The excavations at Madina has revealed that some traits of the Late Harappan culture like pottery and faience technology continued into the Painted Grey Ware culture. This indicates that the Late Harappan culture was neither totally replaced by the Painted Grey Ware culture nor the Late Harappan culture developed to form the Painted Grey Ware culture. This evidence from Madina provides new clues to understand the relations between two cultures. INTRODUCTION adjacent to the Mokhra Minor. At present this site is partially occupied by the Bhoot Nath temple, while The Department of History of M.D. University, rest of the area is under cultivation. The site occupies Rohtak and Deccan College, Pune, under the an area of about 1 ha. This site has yielded Late direction of Prof. Manmohan Kumar and Prof. Vasant Harappan pottery (Surender Singh 1989: 20). Shinde assisted by Sajjan Kumar, Vijay Kumar and Vivek Dangi conducted archaeological excavations Madina-2 (76°30'05"N and 29°02'55"E) at a site in the jurisdiction of the Madina village. This site is located about of 2 km southwest of the The Madina village is 15 km east of the Meham village. A cart track from the village leads to the site. town and about the same distance from the district This site occupies an area of about 3 ha and is about 3 headquarters Rohtak on National Highway (NH) no. m in height. The ceramic industries represented at the 10. The village is about 90 km northwest of Delhi. site are the Late Harappan pottery, the Painted Grey There are seven archaeological sites in the revenue Ware (hereafter called PGW), the Black Slipped Ware jurisdiction of the village (Figure 1). The details of the (hereafter called BSW) and early historical pottery sites are given below. (Surender Singh 1989: 20) Madina-1 (76°30'15"N and 29°04'02"E) Madina-3 (76°25'11.8"N and 29°12'00"E) This site lies about 1.5 km to the west of the village The site Madina-3 is located about 3 km southwest - 77 - Manmohan Kumar et al. NAGAR KATHPALON ROPAR DADHERI THAPLI RANIHAT SUGH BHAGWANPURA MORADWAJ HULAS PANIPAT HASTINAPURA MADINA KHOKRAKOT PURANA QILA ALLAHAPUR AHICHCHHATRA SUNARI JAKHERA MATHURA ATRANJIKHERA SONKH JODHPURA NOH 0 200km Figure 1 Map showing the location of Madina and main Late Harappan and PGW sites of the village on the left side of the Mokhra Minor. Medieval pottery was reported from the site (Surender This site is locally known as Khera. Most of the site Singh 1889: 21), but the late Kushana pottery, bricks has been levelled for an agricultural purpose. The and coins were also found (Dangi 2006) southern part of the mound is still intact. The mound is about 1.5 m high from the ground level. The PGW Madina-5 (76°30'50"N and 29°33'45"E) and BSW can easily be picked up from this site This site is about 2.5 km east of the village and is (Surender Singh 1989: 20) about 800 m north of a radio station. A kuccha road from the Shital Baba temple leads to the site. The site Madina-4 (76°33'55"N and 29°33'20"E) is situated on a very high sand-dune of about 8 m This site lies about 2 km west of the village and is high. This site spreads over an area of 1.7 ha and has about 400 m north of NH no.10. A road leading to yielded evidence of the Harappan and Late Harappan the Shital Baba temple divides this site. This site is periods. The pottery recovered from the site is akin to located on sand-dunes, which are about 5 m high the pottery from Bedwa-2 (Dangi, 2006). and spread over an area of about 2 ha. Initially only - 78 - Excavations at Madina Madina-6 (76°30'02"N and 29°03'25"E) is associated with Layer (9). Only one floor level of This site is about 1.5 km west of the village and is this phase was encountered during the excavations. about 500 m south of NH no.10. The entire site is The inhabitants used Grey Ware (hereafter called under cultivation. It occupies an area of about 1.5 GW) and PGW (10%) along with associated red ha. The ceramic recovered from the site during the ware (Figures 31 and 51-53). The GW is thick and of explorations includes the PGW and associated red dark grey in colour and has usual shapes found in such ware (Dangi 2006). ware. The PGW is of medium fabric and the average thickness of sherds is 3.05 mm. Dishes and bowls Madina -7 (76°32'30"N and 29°05'30"E) are main shapes of the ware (Figure 31: 28-35). The This site located about 2 km north of the village. The associated red ware is of thick fabric, while sherds of Madina-Girawad road divides the site. This is about medium fabric are also quite common. The common 2 ha in size and has been levelled for cultivation. The shapes in the red ware include vases and miniature PGW and early historical pottery were found during pots (Figure 31: 36-37). Only one faience bangle the exploration (Dangi 2006). piece (plano-convex) was found in this phase ( Figure 116). EXCAVATION AT MADINA- 3 Phase-II Excavations at Madina-3 were conducted during Layer (8), which is of compact in nature and light February-March and September 2008. Initially this yellowish in colour, belongs to this phase. Only a thin site spread over an area of 2 ha, but now only less than deposit of 13 cm having only one floor level in it was half a hectare is intact. The site had yielded the PGW identified. and BSW earlier. But during the recent explorations Pottery found in this phase is both of Grey and Red sherds of the Late Harappan pottery and antiquities ware tradition (Figures 32 and 54-57). The GW (40 were also found. %) is of medium fabric with the average thickness of The excavations at the site were undertaken in order 4.19 mm. While the PGW (60 %) is of medium fabric to study any linkage between the Late Harappan and with an average thickness of 3.05 mm. The thickness PGW cultures and to know about the settlement of this ware ranges between 2.91 and 3.20 mm. The pattern of the PGW culture in this area. Since the site common shapes in both these ware are bowls and is quite small in size and has an habitation deposit dishes (Figure 32: 38-46). of only about 1.40 m in thickness, the site was taken The associated red ware is both handmade (10 %) up for horizontal excavations. In all 16 trenches and wheel-made. The handmade pottery is very thick measuring 5 × 5 m were laid on the site (Figure 2). and is of coarse fabric. Mostly basins are found in During the excavations, eight habitational phases of this ware (Figure 32: 49). The wheel-made pottery is the PGW culture were encountered. The details of the mostly made on slow wheel (Figure 32: 47, 48, 50- excavations are as following. 60). The main shapes in this ware include jars, bowls and basins. The pottery made on fast wheel is about Phase-I 40 % of the total red ware. This is of medium fabric The earliest habitants at the site settled on the having jars, vases, etc. Some sherds of Late Harappan yellowish compact kankary earth. They dug the tradition were also found in this phase. postholes in the natural soil and erected circular huts. Total deposit of this phase is 30 cm in thickness and - 79 - Manmohan Kumar et al. CULTIVATION FIELD CULTIVATION FIELD ZD1 D1 C1 B1 D2 CULTIVATION FIELD CULTIVATION FIELD CULTIVATION Figure 2 Madina Layout of trenches Phase-III which can be termed as PGW, though no paintings Layer (7) having two floor levels belongs to this phase on them are found. The average thickness of the ware (Figure 3). The first floor level is brownish compact in is 3.0 mm. The common shapes in the ware are bowls nature and the second one is greyish compact. Total and dishes. deposit of this phase is only 10 cm. The PGW is mostly of medium fabric (90 %) and The pottery of this phase is both of grey and red only 8 % can be termed as of thick variety. Dishes and colour (Figures 33 and 58-63). The former category bowls of this ware have paintings mostly on the inner has GW (70 %), PGW (28 %) and chocolate-coloured side (Figure 33: 63-70). Mostly the black colour and ware (2 %). The GW of thick variety is 10 %.
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