Indian Archaeology 1987-88 a Review
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INDIAN ARCHAEOLOGY 1987-88 —A REVIEW EDITED BY M.C.JOSHI Director General Archaeological Survey of India PUBLISHED BY THE DIRECTOR GENERAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA NEW DELHI 1993 Cover : TisseruStupa,Leh,Ladakh Cover layout & design: Raj Nath Kaw 1992 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA GOVERNMENT OF INDIA Price :Rs. 250.00 PRINTED AT BENGAL OFFSET WORKS, 335, KHAJOOR ROAD, KAROL BAGH, NEW DELHI-1 10005. PHONE: 524200,7510455 PREFACE I am happy to place before the scholars the Indian Archaeology 1987-88—A Review not very long after the publication of the previous issue. We are making efforts to bring the publication of the Review up to date; this, however, would depend on timely submission of material by contributors. It has been our experience that, in many cases, several reminders have to be given for sending material to us for inclusion in the Review which results in delay of its publication. I am sure, with the cooperation of different institutions and the State Departments of Archaeology and Museums and my own colleagues in different Branches and Circles of the Survey it would be possible for us to maintain regularity of its publication. The present issue of the Review is more voluminous than the previous ones and thus reflects also increased activities in different fields of archaeology. Out of several excavations reported in this issue, I may mention the work at Banawali, Thanesar, Sanghol, Hampi, Sannathi, Daulatabad, Lalitagiri, Udaigiri, Fatehpur Sikri, Sravasti, Balikeshwar, Chandel, Harsud, etc. by the Survey, at Kuntasi jointly by the Deccan College, Pune, and the Gujarat State Department of Archaeology, at Mangalkot by the University of Calcutta, at Kotasur by the Visvabharati, Maihar by the Allahabad University, Ganeshwar by the Department of Archaeology and Museums, Rajasthan State and at Shikarpur by the Department of Archaeology, Government of Gujarat. It is perhaps not necessary to list the conservation works carried out by the Survey and the different State Departments throughout the length and breadth of the country. However, I may mention that the Survey continued to carry out the major work of structural conservation and chemical preservation of the Angkor Vat temple in Cambodia. The Survey also established a museum at the Hazarduari Palace in Murshidabad, West Bengal, and the large number of objects in the collection were given detailed chemical treatment. I am thankful to the Universities, State Governments and other institutions who have contributed to the Review. I must also express my thanks to my colleagues in the different Branches and Circles. The responsibility for the information published in the Review is that of the contributors. Finally, I would like to place on record my grateful thanks to my colleagues, particularly to Shri B.M. Pande, Director (Publication) of the Headquarters office of the Survey and his devoted associates namely Shri C. Dorje, Superintending Archaeologist, Dr. Arundhati Banerji, Deputy Superintending Archaeologist, Shri J.C.Gupta, Production Officer and Shri K.P. Padhy and Shri A. Jha, Assistant Archaeologists who worked with efficiency and best of their ability constantly to bring out this volume. It would not have been possible to publish this issue of Indian Archaeology—A Review without their involvement under the guidance provided by Shri B.M. Pande. I would like to thank Sarvashri H.S. Miyan, Ramesh Dalai, S.N. Nautiyal and Rakesh Chander of the Drawing Section for making the illustrations press ready. I am also thankful to the staff members of the Publication Branch for their assistance in preparing and typing out the text matter. New Delhi 21 December 1992 M.C. JOSHI CONTENTS Page I. Explorations and Excavations ........................................................................................................... 1 Andhra Pradesh, 1; Assam, 8; Bihar, 9; Gujarat, 13; Haryana, 20; Jammu and Kashmir, 31; Karnataka, 33; MadhyaPradcsh,41;Maharashtra,81;Orissa, 88; Punjab. 95; Rajasthan,99;Tamil Nadu, 102; Uttar Pradesh. 103; West Bengal. 110. II. Epigraphy ........................................................................................................... 116 Sanskritic and Dravidic inscriptions, 116 Andhra Pradesh, 116; Karnataka, 118; Madhya Pradesh, 120; Maharashtra, 120; Manipur, 120; Tamil Nadu, 122; Uttar Pradesh, 122. Arabic and Persian inscriptions, 123. Andhra Pradesh, 123;Bihar, 123;Gujarat, 124; Karnataka, 125; Madhya Pradesh, 125; Maharashtra, 126; Rajasthan. 127; Tamil Nadu, 128; Uttar Pradesh,128; West Bengal, 129. III. Numismatics and Treasure trove ............................................................................................................... 131 Andhra Pradesh, 131;Gujarat, 131; Karnataka. 131; MadhyaPradesh. 132; Rajasthan, 133; Tamil Nadu, 133. IV. Other Important Discoveries ............................................................................................................ 134 Andhra Pradesh, 134; Gujarat, 135; Himachal Pradesh, 135; Jammu and Kashmir, 136; Madhya Pradesh, 137; Maharashtra, 140; Manipur, 141; Mizoram, 141;Rajasthan, 142; Tamil Nadu, 142; Uttar Pradesh, 143. V. Radiocarbon Dates ........................................................................................................... 145 Gujarat, 145; Haryana, 146; Jammu and Kashmir, 146; Madhya Pradesh, 147; Meghalaya, 147; Punjab, 147; Rajasthan, 148; Tamil Nadu, 148. VI. Palaeobotanical and Pollen Analytical Investigations ......................................................................... 150 Karnataka, 150; Maharashtra, 150; Uttar Pradesh, 150. VII. Museums .................................................................................................................................. 154 VIII. Architectural Survey ........................................................................................................................ 159 Temple Survey, 159; Building Survey, 169. IX. Preservation of Monuments ........................................................................................................... 171 Monuments of National Importance, 171. AgraCircle, 171; AurangabadCircle,173;BangaloreCircle,174;Bhopal Circle, 179; Bhubaneshwar Circle. 183; Calcutta Circle, 185; Chandigarh Circle, 186; Delhi Circle, 187; Guwahati Circle, 188; Hyderabad Circle, 192; Jaipur Circle, 194; Lucknow Circle, 195; Madras Circle, 197; Mini Circle, Goa, 200; Mini Circle, Shimla, 201; Patna Circle, 202; Srinagar Circle, 203; Vadodara Circle, 205. Monuments maintained by the States, 206. Andhra Pradesh.206; Bihar, 207; Gujarat. 207; Kamataka,207; MadhyaPradesh,207;Manipur,208; Rajasthan, 208. X. Expeditions outside India ............................................................................................................ 210 Preservation of Angkor Vat Temple, Siemreap, Cambodia, 210. Structural Preservation, 210; Chemical Conservation, 210. XI. Archaeological Chemistry ............................................................................................................ 211 Treatment of Monuments and Paintings, 211. Andhra Pradesh, 211; Assam, 211; Bihar. 211; Daman and Diu, 212; Goa, 212; Gujarat, 212; Haryana, 213; Himachal Pradesh, 213; Jammu and Kashmir, 213; Karnataka, 214; Madhya Pradesh,214;Maharashtra,215;Nagaland,216;Orissa,217;Rajasthan,218;TamilNadu,218; Uttar Pradesh, 219; West Bengal, 219. Page Treatment of excavated objects and museum exhibits, 220. Analysis and Research, 222. XII. Archaeological Gardens .......................................................................................................... 227 Andhra Pradesh, 227; Goa, 227; Gujarat, 227; Karnataka, 227; Maharashtra. 228; Orissa, 228; Punjab, 228; Rajasthan. 228; Tamil Nadu, 228; Uttar Pradesh, 228; West Bengal. 229. XIII. Publications .......................................................................................................... 230 Publications of the Survey, 230 Other publications, 230. INDIAN ARCHAEOLOGY 1987-88 —A REVIEW I. EXPLORATIONS AND EXCAVATIONS ANDHRA PRADESH 1. EXPLORATION IN DISTRICT ADILABAD.—The Department of Archaeology and Museums of the Government of Andhra Pradesh reported the discovery of vertebrate fossils belonging to reptilian family (size 40.5 x 3.5 x 12 cm, 41.5 x 33 x 15 cm) located inside the layers of Gondwana rock on the outskirts of Pogadepalli village in the Kundaram Reserve Forest in the district. 2. EXPLORATION IN DISTRICT ANANTAPUR.—About 1800 villages were surveyed in the district by the Department of Archaeology and Museums, Andhra Pradesh, for me preparation of a directory of monuments and antiquities. During the course of the survey, several temples of architectural and historical importance were discovered apart from a number of prehistoric, protohistoric and early medieval sites, loose sculptures of different cults including the naga cult, inscriptions, fortification walls, burji, bastions, etc. In addition to these, one site with evidence of glass industry was also found. 3. EXCAVATIONS AT MALLIPADU, DISTRICT GUNTUR.—The Department of Archaeology and Museums, Andhra Pradesh, conducted minor excavations at Mallipadu which revealed two cultural phases, I (iron age) and II (early historical). Phase I is characterized by typical megalithic Black-and-red Ware, and Phase II is marked by the occurrence of Rouletted Ware, coins of late Satavahana and Ikshvaku periods, beads and terracotta figurines. 4. EXPLORATION IN DISTRICT GUNTUR.—D. Hanumantha Rao of the Hyderabad Circle of the Archaeological