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0045-Flyer-Einstein-En-2.Pdf
FEATHERBEDDINGCOMPANYWEIN HOFJEREMIAHSTATUESYN AGOGEDREYFUSSMOOSCEMETERY MÜNSTERPLATZRELATIVI TYE=MC 2NOBELPRIZEHOMELAND PERSECUTIONAFFIDAVIT OFSUPPORTEMIGRATIONEINSTEIN STRASSELETTERSHOLOCAUSTRESCUE FAMILYGRANDMOTHERGRANDFAT HERBUCHAUPRINCETONBAHNHOF STRASSE20VOLKSHOCHSCHULEFOU NTAINGENIUSHUMANIST 01 Albert Einstein 6 7 Albert Einstein. More than just a name. Physicist. Genius. Science pop star. Philosopher and humanist. Thinker and guru. On a par with Copernicus, Galileo or Newton. And: Albert Einstein – from Ulm! The most famous scientist of our time was actually born on 14th March 1879 at Bahnhofstraße 20 in Ulm. Albert Einstein only lived in the city on the Danube for 15 months. His extended family – 18 of Einstein’s cousins lived in Ulm at one time or another – were a respected and deep-rooted part of the city’s society, however. This may explain Einstein’s enduring connection to the city of his birth, which he described as follows in a letter to the Ulmer Abend- post on 18th March 1929, shortly after his 50th birthday: “The birthplace is as much a unique part of your life as the ancestry of your biological mother. We owe part of our very being to our city of birth. So I look on Ulm with gratitude, as it combines noble artistic tradition with simple and healthy character.” 8 9 The “miracle year” 1905 – Einstein becomes the founder of the modern scientific world view Was Einstein a “physicist of the century”? There‘s no doubt of that. In his “miracle year” (annus mirabilis) of 1905 he pub- lished 4 groundbreaking works along- side his dissertation. Each of these was worthy of a Nobel Prize and turned him into a physicist of international standing: the theory of special relativity, the light quanta hypothesis (“photoelectric effect”), Thus, Albert Einstein became the found- for which he received the Nobel Prize in er of the modern scientific world view. -
Berlin Period Reports on Albert Einstein's Einstein's FBI File –
Appendix Einstein’s FBI file – reports on Albert Einstein’s Berlin period 322 Appendix German archives are not the only place where Einstein dossiers can be found. Leaving aside other countries, at least one personal dossier exists in the USA: the Einstein File of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).1036 This file holds 1,427 pages. In our context the numerous reports about Ein- stein’s “Berlin period” are of particular interest. Taking a closer look at them does not lead us beyond the scope of this book. On the contrary, these reports give a complex picture of Einstein’s political activities during his Berlin period – albeit from a very specific point of view: the view of the American CIC (Counter Intelligence Corps) and the FBI of the first half of the 1950s. The core of these reports is the allegation that Einstein had cooperated with the communists and that his address (or “office”) had been used from 1929 to 1932 as a relay point for messages by the CPG (Communist Party of Germany, KPD), the Communist International and the Soviet Secret Service. The ultimate aim of these investigations was, reportedly, to revoke Einstein’s United States citizenship and banish him. Space constraints prevent a complete review of the individual reports here. Sounderthegivencircumstancesasurveyofthecontentsofthetwomost im- portant reports will have to suffice for our purposes along with some additional information. These reports are dated 13 March 1950 and 25 January 1951. 13 March 1950 The first comprehensive report by the CIC (Hq. 66th CIC Detachment)1037 about Einstein’s complicity in activities by the CPG and the Soviet Secret Service be- tween 1929 and 1932 is dated 13 March 1950.1038 Army General Staff only submit- ted this letter to the FBI on 7 September 1950. -
The Collaboration of Mileva Marić and Albert Einstein
Asian Journal of Physics Vol 24, No 4 (2015) March The collaboration of Mileva Marić and Albert Einstein Estelle Asmodelle University of Central Lancashire School of Computing, Engineering and Physical Sciences, Preston, Lancashire, UK PR1 2HE. e-mail: [email protected]; Phone: +61 418 676 586. _____________________________________________________________________________________ This is a contemporary review of the involvement of Mileva Marić, Albert Einstein’s first wife, in his theoretical work between the period of 1900 to 1905. Separate biographies are outlined for both Mileva and Einstein, prior to their attendance at the Swiss Federal Polytechnic in Zürich in 1896. Then, a combined journal is described, detailing significant events. In additional to a biographical sketch, comments by various authors are compared and contrasted concerning two narratives: firstly, the sequence of events that happened and the couple’s relationship at particular times. Secondly, the contents of letters from both Einstein and Mileva. Some interpretations of the usage of pronouns in those letters during 1899 and 1905 are re-examined, and a different hypothesis regarding the usage of those pronouns is introduced. Various papers are examined and the content of each subsequent paper is compared to the work that Mileva was performing. With a different take, this treatment further suggests that the couple continued to work together much longer than other authors have indicated. We also evaluate critics and supporters of the hypothesis that Mileva was involved in Einstein’s work, and refocus this within a historical context, in terms of women in science in the late 19th century. Finally, the definition of, collaboration (co-authorship, specifically) is outlined. -
National Museum of Aleppo As a Model)
Strategies for reconstructing and restructuring of museums in post-war places (National Museum of Aleppo as a Model) A dissertation submitted at the Faculty of Philosophy and History at the University of Bern for the doctoral degree by: Mohamad Fakhro (Idlib – Syria) 20/02/2020 Prof. Dr. Mirko Novák, Institut für Archäologische Wissenschaften der Universität Bern and Dr. Lutz Martin, Stellvertretender Direktor, Vorderasiatisches Museum, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin Fakhro. Mohamad Hutmatten Str.12 D-79639 Grenzach-Wyhlen Bern, 25.11.2019 Original document saved on the web server of the University Library of Bern This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-No derivative works 2.5 Switzerland licence. To see the licence go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ch/ or write to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California 94105, USA Copyright Notice This document is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-No derivative works 2.5 Switzerland. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ch/ You are free: to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work Under the following conditions: Attribution. You must give the original author credit. Non-Commercial. You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No derivative works. You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work.. For any reuse or distribution, you must take clear to others the license terms of this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the author’s moral rights according to Swiss law. -
Cities. Myswitzerland.Com Art, Architecture & Design in 26 Swiss Cities
Cities. MySwitzerland.com Art, architecture & design in 26 Swiss cities. Prolong the UEFA European Foot- ball ChampionshipTM 2008 with a holiday in Switzerland. MySwitzerland.com/euro08 Schaffhausen Basel Winterthur Baden Zürich St. Gallen-Lake Constance Aarau Solothurn Zug Biel/Bienne Vaduz La Chaux-de-Fonds Lucerne Neuchâtel Bern Chur Riggisberg Fribourg Thun Romont Lausanne Montreux-Vevey Brig Pollegio Sierre Sion Bellinzona Geneva Locarno Martigny Lugano Contents. Strategic Partners Art, architecture & design 6 La Chaux-de-Fonds 46 Style and the city 8 Lausanne 50 Culture à la carte 10 AlpTransit Infocentre 54 Hunting grounds 12 Locarno 56 Natural style 14 Lucerne 58 Switzerland Tourism P.O. Box Public transport 16 Lugano 62 CH-8027 Zürich Baden 22 Martigny 64 608, Fifth Avenue, Suite 202, Aargauer Kunsthaus, Aarau 23 Montreux-Vevey 66 New York, NY 10020 USA Basel 24 Neuchâtel 68 Switzerland Travel Centre Ltd Bellinzona 28 Schaffhausen 70 1st floor, 30 Bedford Street Bern 30 Sion-Sierre 72 London WC2E 9ED, UK Biel/Bienne 34 Solothurn 74 Abegg Foundation, Riggisberg 35 St. Gallen 76 It is our pleasure to help plan your holiday: Brig 36 Thun 80 UK 00800 100 200 30 (freephone) Chur 38 Vaduz 82 [email protected] USA 1 877 794 8037 Vitromusée, Romont 39 Winterthur 84 [email protected] Fribourg 40 Zug 88 Canada 1 800 794 7795 [email protected] Geneva 42 Zürich 90 Contents | 3 Welcome. Welcome to Switzerland, where holidaymakers and conference guests can not only enjoy natural beauty, but find themselves charmed by city breaks too. Much here has barely changed for genera- tions – the historic houses, the romantic alleyways, the way people simply love life. -
Albert Einstein - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia Page 1 of 27
Albert Einstein - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 1 of 27 Albert Einstein From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Albert Einstein ( /ælbərt a nsta n/; Albert Einstein German: [albt a nʃta n] ( listen); 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of general relativity, effecting a revolution in physics. For this achievement, Einstein is often regarded as the father of modern physics.[2] He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect". [3] The latter was pivotal in establishing quantum theory within physics. Near the beginning of his career, Einstein thought that Newtonian mechanics was no longer enough to reconcile the laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. This led to the development of his special theory of relativity. He Albert Einstein in 1921 realized, however, that the principle of relativity could also be extended to gravitational fields, and with his Born 14 March 1879 subsequent theory of gravitation in 1916, he published Ulm, Kingdom of Württemberg, a paper on the general theory of relativity. He German Empire continued to deal with problems of statistical Died mechanics and quantum theory, which led to his 18 April 1955 (aged 76) explanations of particle theory and the motion of Princeton, New Jersey, United States molecules. He also investigated the thermal properties Residence Germany, Italy, Switzerland, United of light which laid the foundation of the photon theory States of light. In 1917, Einstein applied the general theory of relativity to model the structure of the universe as a Ethnicity Jewish [4] whole. -
Lives in Astronomy
LIVES IN ASTRONOMY John Scales Avery January 2, 2020 2 Contents 1 EARLY HISTORY OF ASTRONOMY 7 1.1 Prehistoric Europe . .7 1.2 Ancient India and China . 12 1.3 Mesopotamia, 4000 BC . 12 1.4 Ancient Egypt . 15 1.5 Eratosthenes . 19 1.6 Aristarchus . 19 2 COPERNICUS, BRAHE, KEPLER AND GALILEO 25 2.1 Copernicus . 25 2.2 Tycho Brahe . 27 2.3 Johannes Kepler . 31 2.4 Galileo . 35 3 NEWTON 47 3.1 Newton . 47 3.2 Lagrange and Laplace . 56 3.3 Hamilton . 60 4 HUYGENS, RØMER AND MAXWELL 63 4.1 Christiaan Huygens: The wave theory of light . 63 4.2 Ole Rømer: The velocity of light . 67 4.3 James Clerk Maxwell: Light as electromagnetic waves . 70 5 EINSTEIN 75 5.1 Family background . 75 5.2 Special relativity theory . 80 5.3 General relativity . 81 5.4 Schwartzschild's solutions: Black holes . 84 6 LEVITT AND HUBBLE 89 6.1 Henrietta Swan Leavitt . 89 6.2 Edwin Hubble . 92 3 4 CONTENTS 6.3 The Hubble Space Telescope . 97 7 RADIO ASTRONOMY 109 7.1 Early history of radio astronomy . 109 7.2 Sir Martin Ryle and Anthony Hewish . 111 7.3 Jocelyn Bell Burnell . 114 7.4 Quasars, pulsars, and neutron stars . 116 7.5 Penzias and Wilson . 119 8 CHANDRASEKHAR 125 8.1 Early life and career . 125 8.2 Magnetohydrodynamics . 126 8.3 The formation and evolution of stars . 129 8.4 Black holes: The Chandrasekhar limit . 133 8.5 Chandrasekhar's Nobel Prize in Physics . 133 9 HAWKING, PENROSE AND HIGGS 139 9.1 Penrose-Hawking singularity theorems . -
Mileva Einsteinmarić
fembio.org Mileva EinsteinMarić original (http://www.fembio.org/english/biography.php/woman/biography/mileva-maric-einstein) Biographies (http://www.fembio.org/english/biography.php/woman/biographies/a) > Mileva Einstein Marić (http://www.fembio.org/biographie.php/frau/biographie/mileva-maric-einstein) born December 19, 1875 in Titel, Serbia died August 4, 1948 in Zurich, Switzerland Serbian mathematician and physicist Biography (http://www.fembio.org/english/biography.php/woman/biography/mileva-maric-einstein#biography) • Literature & Sources (http://www.fembio.org/english/biography.php/woman/biography/mileva-maric- einstein#literature) () Biography Short Biography: Mileva EinsteinMarić, student at the Zurich Polytechnikum, second woman to finish a full program of study at the Department VI A: Mathematics and Physics. Marries Albert Einstein, gives birth to three of his children, surviving childbed three times, is betrayed by him, discarded by him, dispatched from Berlin back to Switzerland with the children just before the First World War, divorced, brings up their two sons, cares for the schizophrenic son, dies. “The absence of evidence is no evidence for absence.” Carl Sagan, physicist Mileva Marić began her studies at the Swiss Federal Polytechnic, today the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), in 1896. Enormous achievements and successes had brought her to that point in her life. She was born into a wealthy family in Titel, then part of Hungary; her parents soon noticed her intelligence and sent her to ever more exclusive schools until she was admitted to an allmale secondary school (Obergymnasium) in Zagreb. After one year there she was allowed to participate in the physics class of the elite school. -
Sales Manual 2019 | 2020
Sales Manual 2019 | 2020 Welcome to Bern Reasons to Love Bern Whether it’s in the vibrant Swiss capital city of Bern, the varied surrounding area, in the hilly and mystic Emmental, in the Gantrisch Nature Park of the Prealps or between the Napf and the Jura in the Oberaargau Region – this is one scenic region. Swiss Capital It might just be these very places and beautiful landscapes Bern is the capital city of Switzerland. It is THE place where all the that have shaped the distinctly melodic dialect and legend- important decisions of our country are made. Furthermore Bern is a ary warmth of the Bernese. In 1983, Bern became a UNESCO center for education and invention. Even Albert Einstein lived in Bern World Heritage Site and can easily be reached by plane, rail between 1902 – 1909 and it was here that he invented his theory of or car today. The BERN Airport and direct connections to the relativity, E=mc2. high-speed trains TGV and ICE make a true hub out of the city. Thanks to its central location, Bern is ideal for outings and Savoire-Vivre trips throughout Switzerland and is commonly known as the Hurry and hectic are foreign words to the Bernese. People enjoy gateway to the Alps. life and take time for what is really important — whether it is a stroll under Bern’s shopping arcades, a refreshing swim in the Aare river We look forward to welcoming you. or a delicious meal at a local cozy restaurant. Urban Nature As an urban melting pot, the city still has a rural character and offers a lot of nature and recreational areas. -
Einstein and Besso: from Zürich to Milano
1 Einstein and Besso: From Zürich to Milano. Christian BRACCO Syrte, CNRS-Observatoire de Paris, 61, avenue de l’observatoire, 75014 Paris CRHI, EA 4318, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, UFR LASH, BP 3209, 98 Bd Hériot, 06204 Nice Cedex 3. E-mail : [email protected] Presented at the Istituto Lombardo, Accademia di Scienze e Lettere, Milan, Italy. Session of Thursday 18th December 2014. To be published in the Rendiconti for year 2014. Abstract: The 1896-1901 Milanese period is a key one to understand Einstein’s training background. When he was a student at the ETH in Zürich (the Swiss Federal Polytechnic in Zürich) from 1896 to 1900, he would make regular trips back to Milan to stay with his family who was involved in the development of the electricity industry in northern Italy. Between 1899 and 1901, he would meet his faithful friend and collaborator, Michele Besso in Milan on a regular basis. Given their relationship, the 1899-1901 Milanese period therefore foreshadowed the Bern period later in 1904. In order to specify the circumstances under which Einstein and Besso got the chance to meet, we will show that their respective families did have interconnected social networks, especially through the electricity sector and the polytechnic engineering Universities of Zürich and Milan. The branch of the Cantoni family, on Michele’s mother’s side, rather ignored by now, played a crucial role: with Vittorio Cantoni, a renowned electrical engineer who had not been previously identified as being Michele’s uncle, and Giuseppe Jung, professor at the Milan Politecnico. We will also show that when staying in Milan, Einstein, who lived in a well-known Milanese palace in the heart of the city, worked in the nearby rich library of the Istituto Lombardo, Accademia di Scienze e Lettere in Brera. -
Switzerland Buried by Glaciers During the Ice Age, Switzerland Was Colonized Around 15,000 Years Ago
TOP HISTORY DESTINATIONS: Switzerland Buried by glaciers during the Ice Age, Switzerland was colonized around 15,000 years ago. Discover the pasts and struggles with the Celtic Tribes, Helvetians, Greeks, and Romans. Explore the Middle Ages origins of the split between German and French languages with the Burgundians and Alamannen. Don’t miss this scenic land whose medieval roots, chocolate, cheese, banking system, watches, and alpine mountain areas make it one of the happiest places on earth and makes it a wonderful destination for student history trips. EDUCATIONAL HISTORY OPPORTUNITIES: • Experience the Life of the Gladiators • Visit a Gorgeous Traditional Resort Town • See the Swiss Grand Canyon, a Deep with Interactive Combat Training and in the Mountainous Bernese Gorge Created Over 10,000 Years by the Gladiator School • Explore the Largest Town and capital of Ice Age Rhine Glacier • Learn How the Swiss Confederation was Roman Switzerland • See How the Inhabitants of Zermatt Able to Defeat the Army of Knights • Visit a Well-Preserved Former Lived in the 19th Century • Go Back in Time in the Halls and Rooms Benedictine Monastery • Visit a Geneva Cathedral Where John of the Castle of Chillon • Explore the Best-Preserved Fossils that Calvin Choose to Preach • Tour the Headquarters of the League of Date Back 230 Million Years to the • Explore the Oldest Wooden Bridge in Nations Triassic Period Switzerland Dating Back to the Middle • See the Saddest Stone in the World • Learn How people lived way back during of the 14th Century Commemorating -
Penrose: Winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2020
Sir Roger Penrose: Winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2020 • “A valuable insight into what one of the most prominent theoretical physicists of recent times makes of reality's relationship to ideas in quantum theory, standard cosmology, and theories that pretend to replace them." Richard Webb, New Scientist • "It is always inspiring to read Penrose's uncompromisingly independent perspec-tive on physics." Richard Dawid, Nature • "Something is rotten in the state of physics [...] The eminent mathematician and physicist Roger Penrose identifies several possible sources of the rot [...] He is not one to be intimidated by an overwhelming majority, no matter how illustrious and vocal it is. He sets out his objections politely and with exemplary patience towards the keepers of physics orthodoxy [...] Time will tell whether any of his judgments are correct. In the meantime, his critics would do well to remember George Bernard Shaw's warning: ‘The minority is sometimes right; the majority is always wrong.'" Graham Farmelo, The Guardian • "The most important thing is not exactly what he writes about string theory, cosmology and quantum mechanics in his latest book . but that a book so wide and deep in its erudition could be written at all. If his successors cannot do the same, science will be all the poorer." Philip Ball, Prospect 9780691178530 • "The strength of this book is how the reader can appreciate science as a human undertaking." $17.95 £14.99 Choice Trade paperback 520 pages / 186 b/w illus. Science / Philosophy & Social Aspects September 2017 • “This elegant little volume provides a clear account of two approaches to some of the greatest unsolved problems of gravitation and cosmology." John Barrow, New Scientist • "A debate between Hawking and Penrose .