Year

Academic

the

8 1 0 for

2 – 7 1 0 Report 2

Institute for Advanced Study Report for 2017–2 018 JERSEY 08540 734-8000

www.ias.edu (609) EINSTEIN DRIVE PRINCETON, NEW INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED STUDY Cover: SHATEMA THREADCRAFT, Ralph E. and Doris M. Hansmann Member in the School of Social Science (right), gives a talk moderated by DIDIER FASSIN (left), James D. Wolfensohn Professor, on spectacular black death at Ideas 2017–18.

Opposite: Fuld Hall

COVER PHOTO: DAN KOMODA

Reports oftheChairandDirector Table of Contents Table of The InstituteforAdvancedStudy Special ProgramsandOutreach School ofHistoricalStudies School ofNaturalSciences School ofSocialScience School ofMathematics Record ofEvents 8 91 57 48 40 30 20 90 89 88 80 4 6 Administration Acknowledgments Independent Auditors’Report Present andPastDirectors andFaculty Founders, Trustees,andOfficersoftheBoard and oftheCorporation

DAN KOMODA THOMAS CLARKE

Report of the Chair

The Institute for Advanced Study’s independence and excellence led by Sanjeev Arora, Visiting Professor in the School require the dedication of many benefactors, and in 2017–18, of Mathematics. we celebrated the retirements of our venerable Vice Chairs The Board was delighted to welcome new Trustees Mark Shelby White and Jim Simons, whose extraordinary service has Heising, Founder and Managing Director of the San Francisco enhanced the Institute beyond measure. I am immensely grateful investment firm Medley Partners, and Dutch astronomer and and feel exceptionally privileged to have worked with both chemist Ewine Fleur van Dishoeck, Professor of Molecular Shelby and Jim in shaping and guiding the Institute into the Astrophysics at the University of Leiden. Ewine succeeds Jeff twenty-first century. Harvey, Enrico Fermi Distinguished Service Professor at the Shelby’s acumen, loyalty, and invaluable contributions since University of Chicago and a Trustee since 2013, whose service her appointment to the Board in 2003 have been crucial to the is greatly appreciated. Institute’s continued success as a research institution of the high- The Institute’s commitment to the freedom of the mind est standard. A former Member in the School of Mathematics and the acceleration of ideas, since its establishment in 1930, who joined the Institute’s Board in 2001, Jim has been one of has facilitated foundational theories and ideas that turn into our most generous patrons, having contributed nearly $150 applications, innovation, and new tools and technologies. This million to the Institute. Jim has an intimate understanding of long-view understanding and knowledge would not be possible how the Institute’s extraordinarily focused yet freely inquisitive without our Trustees, Faculty, Members, Staff, and donors for environment leads to advancement in unforeseeable ways. whose dedication I am most grateful. In addition, we are indebted to Trustee Eric Schmidt and Wendy Schmidt for their $2 million gift to launch, as of fall Charles Simonyi 2017, a three-year Program in Theoretical Machine Learning Chair of the Board

Report of the Director

For nearly a century, the Institute for Advanced Study has were appointed to the Faculty of the School of Historical served as a model and ideal for basic research, which is made ­Studies. Camillo De Lellis, a geometric analyst, and 2018 Fields publicly accessible and so benefits society as a whole, spreading Medalist Akshay Venkatesh, who works at the intersection of widely beyond the circle of individuals who, over years and analytic number theory, algebraic number theory, and repre- decades, introduce and develop the ideas. sentation theory, were appointed to the Faculty of the School Our Faculty, who select each year’s Members from around of Mathematics. the world, continued to be recognized in 2017–18 for their We express deep appreciation for the many exemplary and leader­ship and contributions to their fields. Jean Bourgain, IBM continued contributions of Robert MacPherson, Hermann von Neumann Professor in the School of Mathematics, received Weyl Professor in the School of Mathematics, who transitions as the 2018 Steele Prize for Lifetime Achievement from the Amer- of July 2018 to Professor Emeritus status, having served on the ican Mathematical Society. Didier Fassin, James D. Wolfensohn Faculty since 1994. Professor in the School of Social Science, was awarded the 2018 We were profoundly saddened by the death of Vladimir NOMIS Distinguished Scientist Award, the first social scientist Voevodsky on September 30, 2017, at age 51. Vladimir joined to receive the honor. Juan Maldacena’s pioneering research on the Institute as a Professor in the School of Mathematics in 2002, the quantum physics of black holes was recognized with the shortly before he was awarded a Fields Medal. A visionary whose 2018 Lorentz Medal by the Royal Netherlands Academy of work will continue to challenge and enrich the field in lasting Arts and Sciences and the Einstein Medal from the Albert ways, Vladimir is greatly missed by the Institute community Einstein Society in Bern. And Robert Langlands, Professor and family, friends, and colleagues throughout the world. Emeritus in the School of Mathematics, received the highly The Institute’s role—going against the grain, swimming prestigious 2018 Abel Prize by the Norwegian Academy of as far upstream as we can, and being a forceful advocate and Science and Letters for his visionary program connecting highest example for basic research—is more important than ­representation theory to number theory. ever. It requires the support of each of us, and I deeply We were delighted to announce the appointment of four ­appreciate the many champions of our mission. new Professors, who will join the Faculty in the 2018–19 academic year. Myles Jackson, a historian of science, and Robbert Dijkgraaf ­Francesca Trivellato, a historian of the early modern period, Director and Leon Levy Professor

4 ALL PHOTOS DAN KOMODA DAN ALL PHOTOS

Top: CHARLES SIMONYI, Chair of the IAS Board of Trustees Above: ROBBERT DIJKGRAAF, Director and Leon Levy Professor

5 The Institute for Advanced Study

It was founding Director Abraham Flexner’s belief that if the Institute “eschews the chase for the useful, the minds of its scholars will be liberated, they will be free to take advantage of surprises, and someday an unexpected discovery, apparently leading nowhere, will be found to be an indispensable link in a long and complex chain that may open new worlds in theory and practice.”

FROM THE DEVELOPMENT of programmable computers and the uncovering of the deep ­symmetries of nature, to advances in societal understanding and historical practice,­ long and complex chains of knowledge have developed for nearly ninety years through research originating at the Institute for Advanced Study. Albert Einstein was one of the first in a ­continuous line of distinguished Institute ­scientists and scholars who have produced a deeper under- standing of the physical world and of humanity. Yet the Institute’s remarkable history does not seem to weigh heavily on current­ ­scholars and scientists. Instead, the atmosphere focuses on the ­present, where every twist and hairpin bend changes our view. What do we know? What do we yet need to understand? How should we try to comprehend it? Work at the Institute takes place across historical studies, mathematics, natural sciences, and social science. A permanent Faculty each year award fellowships to some two hundred visiting Members, from about one hundred universities and research institutions throughout the world. The Institute’s reach has been multiplied many times over through the more than eight thousand Members who have influenced entire fields of study as well as the work and minds of colleagues and students. Thirty-three Nobel Laureates, forty-two of the sixty Fields Medalists, and seventeen of the nineteen Abel Prize Laureates, as well as many winners of the Wolf and MacArthur prizes, have been affiliated with the Institute. At the Institute, everything is designed to encourage scholars to take their research to the next level. This includes creating and sustaining an ALL PHOTOS DAN KOMODA DAN ALL PHOTOS

6 ­environment where Members live in an academic village of apartments, originally­ designed by Marcel Breuer in 1957, at the edge of the Institute’s eight hundred acres of campus, woodland, and farmland. Members eat in the same dining hall, share common rooms and libraries, and carry out their work in an institutional setting where human scale has been carefully maintained to encourage the sharing of ideas, mutual under- standing, and friendship. Each year a new intellectual mix is created by the Members, ranging from young postdoctoral ANDREA KANE fellows to distinguished senior professors, who typically stay a year but may stay up to five years and return for subsequent visits throughout their careers. A period spent as a Member is often a life-changing experience. Young scholars meet the contemporaries who, with them, will be leading figures in their field in the future. Senior Members have the time and freedom to initiate new lines of research. Freed from teaching and administration, Members are afforded opportunities for discussing their work with scholars and scientists from other KOMODA DAN fields. Here they are given the time to take advantage of serendipitous encounters at lunch, teatime, or at After Hours Conversations, an interdisciplinary program to encourage wide­- ranging conversations in an informal environment. Throughout the year, the Institute hosts a broad array of concerts, lectures, and programs for the Institute community and the public. In addition, the Institute offers numerous and varied activities for Members, Visitors, and their families—

from children’s activities to play readings and KOMODA DAN jazz evenings. Fundamental research at the Institute furthers our grasp of a world of diverse facts, structures, ideas, and cultures. This is due in large part to the precious freedom that Faculty and Members at the Institute experience—an independence enabled by the generosity of the Institute’s founders and subsequent benefactors. We share the conviction of our founders that such unrestricted deep thinking will change this world but where and how is always a surprise. ANDREA KANE

7 A three-day conference on Shii Studies, organized in December by Professor SABINE SCHMIDTKE (center), convened international scholars to discuss past and present trends in Shii scholarship and future perspectives for research. School of Historical Studies

The School of Historical Studies, established in 1949 with the merging of the School of Economics and Politics and the School of Humanistic Studies, actively promotes interdisciplinary research and cross-fertilization of ideas, thereby encouraging the creation of new historical enterprises.

THE SCHOOL OF HISTORICAL STUDIES bears no resemblance to a traditional academic history department, but rather supports all learning FACULTY for which historical methods are appropriate. Its Faculty and Members Yve-Alain Bois embrace a historical approach to research throughout the humanistic Angelos Chaniotis disciplines, from socioeconomic developments, political theory, and Nicola Di Cosmo modern international relations to the history of art, science, philosophy, Luce Foundation Professor music, and literature. In geographical terms, the School concentrates in East Asian Studies primarily on the history of Western, Near Eastern, and Far Eastern civi- Patrick J. Geary Andrew W. Mellon Professor lizations, with emphasis on Greek and Roman civilization, the history of Jonathan Haslam Europe (medieval, early modern, and modern), the Islamic world, and George F. Kennan Professor East Asia. Support has been extended to the history of other regions, Sabine Schmidtke including Central Asia, India, and Africa. The Faculty and Members of the School do not adhere to any one PROFESSORS EMERITI point of view but practice a range of methods of inquiry and scholarly Glen W. Bowersock styles, both traditional and innovative. Uniquely positioned to sponsor Caroline Walker Bynum work that crosses conventional departmental and professional boundaries, Giles Constable the School actively promotes interdisciplinary research and cross-­ Christian Habicht fertilization of ideas, thereby encouraging the creation of new historical Jonathan Israel enterprises. Irving Lavin Professor Yve-Alain Bois’s long-term project, the catalogue raisonné Peter Paret of the paintings, reliefs, and sculpture of Ellsworth Kelly, has taken most of Heinrich von Staden his time in 2017–18 (he is hoping to finish the manuscript of the second volume by the end of 2018). As a result, the number of his publications was limited, consisting of two essays, each for an exhibition catalogue: one essay on the American sculptor Fred Sandback, the other on another American sculptor, Bob Grosvenor. Bois did, however, give several ­lectures and seminars. He gave two different lectures on Kelly, both in

ANDREA KANE California (in February at the Claremont College and in March at Stanford

9 ALL PHOTOS DAN KOMODA DAN ALL PHOTOS

Professor YVE ALAIN-BOIS (right) introduced Member CAROLINA MANGONE (left), a historian of Renaissance and Baroque art who gave a lunchtime colloquium on Michelangelo’s unfinished sculptures.

University), discussing the large sculp- (including their correspondence) on Luca one is particularly memorable in that it tures by the artist that these institutions Signorelli’s frescoes in Orvieto (and the will lead to a joint publication. had recently acquired. He gave a lecture famous case of Freud’s forgetting of the The main focus of Professor Angelos on Matisse at the Nasher Sculpture painter’s name), to be published in the Chaniotis’s work remains the study of Center in Dallas, which he gave again in journal October in fall 2018. inscriptions and the information they Hangzhou, China, followed there by a Bois’s seminar at IAS was remarkably provide for Greek social, cultural, and graduate seminar. Also in China, he gave productive this year. This was in part religious history. He co-edited Supple- two other lectures (on Picasso and on due to a rare concentration of fields, and mentum Epigraphicum Graecum LXIII (Brill, non-composition) at the University of also to the number of participants, who 2017) and worked on his book Epigraphic Nanjing, where he was awarded the were all eager to take advantage of the Research at Aphrodisias, 1995–2015. Thanks honorary Chun-tu Hsueh Chair. He also situation. All the participants worked to generous grants provided by Annette participated in a workshop at Villa I Tatti, either in the field of medieval art (Cecily Merle-Smith and the Charles and Lisa the Harvard University Center for Italian Hilsdale, Cynthia Hahn, Giulia Puma, Simonyi Fund for Arts and Sciences, he Renaissance Studies, in January (on and William Diebold), or in Italian started the digitization of squeezes of “scholarly vitae”); a public dialogue with Renaissance (Alexander Nagel, Carolina Greek inscriptions at IAS. In the first Harvard University Professor Benjamin Mangone, and Jonathan Unglaub) phase of this project, squeezes of Athe- Buchloh at the Dia Art Foundation in with the exception of Vladimir Kulić nian inscriptions are being scanned and New York on the occasion of its exhibi- (modern architecture); Catherine Clark made accessible on the Institute’s website. tion of the recently deceased French artist (photography) and her husband, Brian The “Epigraphic Friday” workshop, François Morellet; and a public dialogue Jacobson (cinema); and Professor which Chaniotis has organized since with curator Jean-Pierre Criqui in the Michael Koortbojian, a visitor from 2013, attracted on March 16, 2018, more symposium “Monet and American Art” at Princeton University (Greek and than fifty scholars and graduate students the Musée d’Orsay in Paris. Additionally, Roman art). The result of this rare from American and European universi- Bois was a guest speaker in Professor convergence led to very rich exchanges. ties. The “Epigraphy Reading Group” at Rosalind Krauss’s seminar at Columbia In fact, Mangone and Unglaub, who IAS (January–May 2018) was attended University, dedicated to the literary critic had each presented their own work (the by graduate students from Princeton and philosopher Roland Barthes. former on Michelangelo’s “non-finito,” the University; the City University of New In June, he gave the keynote address latter on Andrea del Sarto’s Madonna del York; Rutgers, the State University of in a symposium organized by the Sacco) gave a second, joint presentation New Jersey; and the Institute for the Camberwell College of Arts in London on Guercino’s Burial of Saint Petronilla, a Study of the Ancient World at New York about his nearly twenty-year-old work on which they discovered, while University. Subjects related to epigraphy­ ­collection of essays, Painting as Model. here, they had a similar hypothesis. but also numismatics, art history, archae- Throughout the spring and part Many other such exchanges of high ology, Jewish studies, and Roman law of the summer, Bois worked with art quality took place, notably concerning were treated by Members and Visitors in historian Jérémie Koering on editing the methodological shortcomings of the Ancient Studies Seminar­ (October and translating an ensemble of texts by iconology, which was a topic of high 2017–April 2018). Meyer Schapiro and Hubert Damisch interest to all the participants—but this With the support of the Anneliese

10 ALL PHOTOS THOMAS CLARKE THOMAS ALL PHOTOS

Left: The annual Epigraphic Friday workshop, organized since 2013 by Professor ANGELOS CHANIOTIS (left), attracted more than fifty scholars and graduate students worldwide. Right: Member HARTWIN BRANDT analyzed how life, death, and emotions were memorialized, communicated, and perceived in literature and inscriptions of the Roman Empire.

Maier Research Award of the Alexander “Spolia – 22 Transcripts,” an exhibition in Eurasian Late Antiquity: Rome, China, von Humboldt Foundation in Berlin, of multi-layer squeezes of ancient and Iran and the Steppe ca. 250–750, co­-edited Chaniotis collaborated with graduate medieval spolia built in a medieval church with former Member Michael Maas students and postdoctoral researchers from in Athens. The exhibition was on view (Cambridge University Press, 2018). the University of Munich and the Univer- in the Institute’s Simons Hall and the In twenty-six chapters, this volume sity of Freiburg in the study of inscriptions Historical Studies–Social Science Library attempts to redefine continental Eurasia from Aphrodisias in Asia Minor and Yero- from May–October 2018. as a unit of historical analysis from the nisos in Cyprus. In September 2017, he Chaniotis’s book Age of Conquests: Mediterranean to China at the time organized an excursion to Turkey of visits The Greek World from Alexander to Hadrian between antiquity and the Middle to important archaeological sites for grad- was published by Profile Books and Ages. In particular, the book explores uate students and postdoctoral researchers Harvard University Press in February new forms of interaction—especially from the University of Munich; the 2018. T­ ranslations in Chinese, German, in the flow of material goods and University of Oxford; Rutgers, the State Greek, Italian, and Spanish are in prepa- ­international diplomacy—during a University of New Jersey; and the Insti- ration. The exhibition “A World of ­half -­millennium that witnessed major tute for the Study of the Ancient World Emotions: Ancient Greece 700 B.C.–200 transformations on both ends of at New York University. In July 2017, A.D.,” which Chaniotis curated together Eurasia. While these transformations he organized the third Greek-Turkish with Dr. Nikolaos Kaltsas in Athens have been studied on a regional level Epigraphical Symposium in Thessaloniki. and Professor Ioannis Mylonopoulos at before, here they are considered over Chaniotis gave twenty-five lectures in Columbia University, was first presented a vast region that includes most of conferences, universities, museums, and at the Onassis Cultural Center New continental Eurasia, thereby expanding cultural centers in Greece, Switzerland, York from March 9 to June 24, 2017, and the reach of historical vision. the United Kingdom, and the U.S. Many was on view at the Acropolis Museum in On another research front, Di Cosmo of his lectures focused on his research Athens from July 17 to November 19, has been the corresponding author of two on the history of emotions and his new 2017. On March 8, 2018, the exhibition studies in which he and his co-authors research project on the transformations of received the Global Fine Art Awards’ explored the interplay between climatic night life from the fourth century B.C.E. 2017 Youniversal Award (the audience and historical events. These are “Interplay to the fourth century C.E. In August award). Finally, in March 2018, Chanio- of Environmental and Socio-political 2017, he was the convener of a conference tis received an honorary degree from the Factors in the Downfall of the Eastern on this subject that took place at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki in Türk Empire in 630 C.E.,” published Fondation Hardt in Geneva. The proceed­ recognition of his contribution to the in Climatic Change in December 2017, ings, La nuit. Imaginaire et réalités nocturnes study of Greek history. and “Environmental Stress and Steppe dans le monde gréco-romain, which Chaniotis For Nicola Di Cosmo, Luce Founda- Nomads: Rethinking the History of the edited, were published in August 2018. tion Professor in East Asian Studies, the Uyghur Empire (744–840) with Paleo­ In May 2018, he co-organized with the main event of the year was the publica- climate Data,” published in the Journal of Greek architect and artist Nora Okka tion of the book, Empires and Exchange Interdisciplinary History in Spring 2018.

11 Along the same lines, Di Cosmo Finally, the East Asian Studies Semi- Nanyang Technological University in convened in April 2018 the workshop nar, which Di Cosmo has convened at Singapore. The seminar convened nine- “Climate, Archaeology, and History IAS for the past fourteen years, included teen early-career scientists, engineers, in the Eurasian Middle Ages,” as a fourteen talks by Members and invited social scientists, and humanists from six follow-up to last year’s meeting on speakers in 2017–18. continents, along with eleven mentors— climate change in Eurasian late antiquity Patrick J. Geary, Andrew W. Mellon including two Nobel prize winners and (from the fourth to eighth century). He Professor, continues his research into senior scientists and scholars from around is especially interested in a methodology population movements at the end of the world—to debate whether there exist that can be effectively adopted by antiquity in collaboration with his inter- commonalities in the different ways that ­historians to include paleoclimatic data national team of archaeologists, geneticists, the natural sciences, social sciences, and in historical analysis. The main stimuli and historians. Having identified unsus- the humanities apply common terminol- come from two unrelated questions. pected structures in sixth-century popu- ogy of laws, principles, theories, etc. A The first is the search for new sources lations in Italy and Hungary, the team is subset of the group will convene in fall of information on the history of Asian now looking both back into the fifth 2018 at IAS to continue their discussions. nomads, notoriously poor of written century—along the Danubian frontier— Peking University Press published a documents, and the second is the high and forward into the eighth century— selection of Geary’s essays translated into resolution of many paleoclimatic data in Italy—in order to better understand Chinese with the title 历史记忆与书写 available today, which are suitable for historical change in populations over the (“History, Memory, and Writing”). Geary short-term historical applications. centuries. Geary is engaged in efforts to was also elected Corresponding Member On other current research, Di Cosmo disentangle genetic studies from racist of the German Archaeological Institute. has been engaged in co-writing a book essentialist discourse that is increasingly Jonathan Haslam, George F. Kennan on the relations between the Republic of misinterpreting the results of genetic Professor, has been researching and Venice and the Mongol empire in the history, and also in efforts to emphasize writing on the origins of the Second thirteenth to fifteenth centuries. This the differences between population move- World War, to be published by Princeton study, which represents the completion of ments in the so-called Migration Period University Press in 2019. a long-term interest in the Italian colonies and the current migration crisis in Europe The focus is largely, though not on the Black Sea, will be the first mono- and America. He has spoken on these exclusively, on Europe. For this purpose, graph on this topic in any language (aside issues at Harvard University, Universität declassified documents from the archives from collections of documents), published Heidelberg, Université Paris-Sorbonne, of European foreign ministries have been first in Italian and later in English. Other at the annual meeting of the American exploited, including documents from works that have been completed but are Historical Society in January, as well as at Britain, France, Italy, Germany, Sweden, still awaiting publication are a chapter for conferences in Milan and Spoleto. Spain, the Vatican, and the Soviet Union, the Cambridge World History of Violence and In March, Geary served as a mentor plus those in the United States. The spread a chapter for the Cambridge History of the in the Intercontinental Academia seminar of research in diplomatic archives is thus Mongol Empire. “Laws: Rigidity and Dynamics” held at wider than usual. Where this work also differs from previous accounts, however, is that it does not focus wholly on diplomatic interaction with an admixture of economic history. It takes seriously the impact of ideology as a primary factor in both the emergence of fascism and in the failure of the democratic powers to deter aggression from the fascist powers. The emergence of fascism was not merely the outcome of an unsatisfactory peace on the part of Italy and failure in war on the part of Germany. The malaise amidst the European intelligentsia preceding the war played a critical part in what followed the war and re-emerged

DAN KOMODA DAN with a vengeance with the October NICOLA DI COSMO (right), Luce Foundation Professor in East Asian Studies, gives an After Hours Revolution of 1917 and the fascist victory conversation on “Venice, Genoa, and the Prisoner’s Dilemma.” in Italy five years later.

12 DAN KOMODA DAN CLARKE THOMAS

Left: WILL HANLEY, Elizabeth and J. Richardson Dilworth Fellow, examined the rules governing how personal names were used in serial historical records of the modern Middle East. Right: EUGENIA LEAN, Starr Foundation East Asian Studies Endowment Fund Member, examined how modern China has navigated global industrial capitalism.

German fascism is often seen as Hill Museum & Manuscript Library at Studies) the monograph Studies in Medieval exceptional in its racial focus. But this St. John’s University in Collegeville, Islamic Intellectual Traditions (Lockwood was true only until 1937. And Hitler’s Minnesota, continued to flourish and to Press, 2017). She also worked on two conception of the threat to Germany as build up a repository that will eventually additional issues of her journal, an organism incorporated Bolshevism host digital surrogates of most manu- Intellectual History of the Islamicate and anti-Semitism in equal measure. scripts pertaining to the Zaydi literary World, “Writing in My Own Script: Thus any attempt to understand tradition. In addition to digital surrogates Allographic and Garshunographic the rise of fascism has to understand of the holdings of three private libraries Systems in Late Antiquity”­ (co-edited anti-Bolshevism, which did not emerge from Yemen, the collection of Yemeni with George A. Kiraz, Member in from thin air. Moscow, in the form of manuscripts held by the Biblioteca the School), and “The Arabic Literary the Communist International (Comint- dell’Accademia dei Lincei e Corsiniana ­Genizah” (co-­edited with Geoffrey ern), brazenly challenged the capitalist in Rome was uploaded to the vHMML Khan and Sarah Stroumsa), to be order and the colonial order overseas. Reading Room, and a Memorandum of published in September 2019 and April The diplomatic archives of Europe Understanding was signed with Leiden 2020, respectively. reflect this overriding concern. But to University Library to include its holdings In the field of the Arabic Bible, get to grips with the interaction between of Zaydi and Yemeni manuscripts in Schmidtke is currently preparing, with Bolshevism and anti-Bolshevism has the project. Moreover, funding for the Camilla Adang, a monograph, “Muslim therefore required extensive research in continuation of the Zaydi Manuscript Receptions and Perceptions of the Bible: the archives of Comintern. Tradition (ZMT) project was granted Texts and Studies” (to be published by Thus the research takes us from bottom by the National Endowment for the Lockwood Press in 2019). In the field of to top, from the ground forces of social Humanities (2018–2021), the Middle East Shii Studies, Schmidtke completed (with unrest mobilized by Moscow to the state Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Ansari) the second volume of the new of alarm in the governments of Europe. a gift by Sherwin Seligsohn (through the peer­-reviewed journal, Shii Studies Review The consequences were tragic for School of Historical Studies),­ and a gift (published by Brill, Leiden), as well as the all. The appeasers of Hitler in London by Charles Simonyi—this in addition to volume Materials for the Intellectual History were not pacificists. Their overriding fear Schmidtke’s personal funds. Schmidtke of Imāmī Shīʿism in the Safavid Period: A was that Europe would be overrun by published several articles­ on the subject Facsimile Edition of Ms New York Public Bolshevism in the event of war. And and completed a monograph on one of Library, Arabic Manuscripts Collections, when war broke out in September 1939, the private libraries processed for inclu- Volume 51985A (Gorgias Press, 2018). U.S. ambassador Joseph Kennedy reported sion in the ZMT, Traditional Yemeni Moreover, Schmidtke published an edited the view of foreign secretary Lord Halifax Scholarship amidst ­Political Turmoil and volume, Studying the Near and Middle East that “if this war continued it would mean War: Muḥammad b. Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl b. at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, Bolshevism all over Europe.” al-Muṭahhar al-Manṣūr (1915–2016) and 1935–2018 (Gorgias Press, 2018), which In 2017–18, Professor Sabine His Personal Library (Cordoba University opens with a historical sketch of the study Schmidtke continued to focus on the Press, 2018). In the field of Islamic of the Near and Middle East at the Zaydi tradition of Yemen and Northern ­intellectual history, she published (with ­Institute, discussing luminaries such as Iran. Schmidtke gave several lectures on Hassan Farhang Ansari, Long-term Ernst Herzfeld, Henri Seyrig, Ernst the subject, and the partnership with the Member in the School of Historical Kantorowicz, Otto Neugebauer, Marshall

13 diverse group of Members studying subjects related to the Near and Middle East, though not necessarily to Islam. The group was highly international, with Members from the United Kingdom, Palestine, Germany, Oman, Iran, the United States, and Switzerland. Over the course of the year, these Members met regularly in a lively biweekly seminar, which was also frequented by Members from the School of Social Science, ­Princeton University graduate students and faculty, former IAS Members, and occasional visitors. In addition to a panel discussion on “The Bible in its Near ­Eastern Contexts (Ancient, Medieval, THOMAS CLARKE THOMAS Modern): Philological Perspectives on the Agnes Gund and Daniel Shapiro Member TIMOTHY BROOK (rear, center) gives an Early Modern Pentateuch, Syriac, Samaritan, and Arabic History Seminar on “The Fire (Trading in the World).” Bibles” (with Kiraz, Konrad Schmid, and Clagett, Clifford Geertz, Bernard Lewis, Functions Among Jews, Christians, and Stefan Schorch), the main subjects studied Glen Bowersock, Oleg Grabar, and Muslims in Late Antiquity and the Middle by the group and presented in the seminars ­Patricia Crone and their respective impact Ages,” which took place May 14-15, 2018, related to Islamic law (Ansari); Syriac on the field. The second part of the and which was jointly sponsored by IAS Studies (Kiraz); early Islamic history, volume, “Fruits of Scholarship,” consists and the Israel Institute for Advanced Stud- historiography, and astrology (Antoine of essays and short studies by IAS scholars, ies at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Borrut); the Arabic Bible (Sebastian past and present—Faculty, Members, and While the 2017 event was hosted on Günther); an ontology of names and Visitors; mathematicians, social scientists, the IAS campus in Princeton, the 2018 digital humanities (Will Hanley); and historians—who are engaged in Advanced School was convened in and twentieth-century Syria (Kevin one way or another with the Near and ­Jerusalem. Thirdly, Schmidtke convened Martin)—­this in addition to a number of Middle East in their scholarship. Their (in collaboration with Kiraz) a two-day lectures presented by short-term visitors contributions cover fields such as the conference, “Dots, Marginalia, and (including Jan Thiele, Mohammed ancient Near East and early Islamic ­Peritexts in Middle Eastern Manuscripts,” ­Abattouy, and Anna Izdebska). history, the Bible and the Qurʾan, Islamic which took place June 28–29, 2018, at IAS. Professor Emeritus Glen Bowersock intellectual history within and beyond In the framework of the Shii Studies prepared for publication the paper he denominational history, Arabic and other Research Program (SSRP) (funded by delivered at Brent Shaw’s retirement Semitic languages and literatures, Islamic the Carnegie Corporation of New York), conference on “Muhammad’s Rivals: religious and legal practices, law and Schmidtke convened (with Ansari) “Shii Prophets in Late Antique Arabia.” He has ­society, the Islamic West, the Ottoman Studies: The State of the Art,” a confer- monitored ongoing translations of his world, Iranian studies, the modern ence that took place December 7–9, 2017, book, The Crucible of Islam, into French, Middle East, and Islam in the West. and was co-funded by the Dr. S. T. Lee German, and Greek. He has also been Over the course of the year, Schmidtke Fund for Historical Studies; as well as arranging for online access to approximately organized a number of major events. “The Zaydi Manuscript Tradition: A five thousand digitized but unidentified Firstly, Schmidtke (in collaboration with Summer School” (June 6–9, 2018). Also photographs from the Fonds Louis Robert Adang, Sonja Brentjes, and Maribel in the SSRP framework, she hosted over in Paris. In conversation with Member Fierro) organized “The Majlis Revisited: the course of the year twelve international John Eldevik about St. Thomas in India, Inter- and Intra-religious and cross­- scholars specializing in Shii studies as Bowersock discussed the work of former cultural disputations in the Islamicate short-term visitors. In addition, Schmidtke Member Nathanael Andrade, who had World,” an international conference that was elected Fellow of the Israel Academy worked at IAS on Thomas in India. took place April 12–14, 2018, at Casa of Sciences and Humanities (The Human- The unexpected deaths of Robert Árabe in Córdoba, Spain, and was co­-­ ities and Social Sciences Fund) for 2018, Silvers, editor of the New York Review of sponsored by the Institute for Advanced and was in 2018 appointed a Polonsky Books, and Alan Cameron, a former IAS Study. Secondly, Schmidtke organized (in Visiting Scholar of the Polonsky Academy Member who was the Charles Anthon collaboration with Guy G. Stroumsa) the at the Van Leer Jerusalem Institute. Professor Emeritus of Latin and Literature Third Advanced School in the Humanities, Schmidtke also spent much of her at Columbia University, led Bowersock to “Literary Genres and Their Changing time at the Institute with a large and prepare commemorative notices for both.

14 He spoke at the New York memorial here-and-now might be like and unlike of the period, such as those in Belgium, for Cameron at the end of October. His heaven, the argument of this book is Switzerland, Italy, Spain, and Spanish memorial of this great scholar will appear that the objects themselves indicate and America. A central theme in all these next year in the Proceedings of the American elucidate the paradoxical nature of same revolutionary upheavals was the unre- Philosophical Society. Bowersock was also and other, earth and heaven, time and solved battle between aristocratic and able to assist a Turkish journalist in eternity. Also in 2017–18, Bynum’s 1995 democratic forms of republicanism; ­writing a biography of the renowned prize-winning book The Resurrection of the another was how and how far to limit archaeologist Kenan Erim, excavator of Body in Western Christianity, 200–1336 the role of religious authority in politics, Aphrodisias and a close friend. (Columbia University Press, 2017) was education, and the legal sphere. Bowersock has been discussing with republished in an expanded edition with Since 2001, what has gradually become the numismatist David Hendin several a new introduction and epilogue. In a fairly major historiographical controversy new coins from the kingdom of the summer 2018, the journal Common over the validity or non-validity of Israel’s Nabataeans (in contemporary Jordan), Knowledge published a set of essays titled “Radical Enlightenment thesis” has with special reference to a mutilated new “In the Humanities Classroom,” which ­developed with numerous—sometimes piece from Kerak that shows the emperor Bynum commissioned and edited. quite heated—interventions appearing in Augustus and the Nabataean King Aretas This symposium follows on an earlier various countries both for and against. IV precisely in 2 B.C.E., according to a collection of essays that appeared in During late 2017, two collections of essays date on the coin itself. This discovery winter 2017 in Common Knowledge, also were published surveying the arguments was satisfying in confirming an argument commissioned, introduced, and edited on both sides, both of which contain long Bowersock had made several decades ago by Bynum. At a time when the national essays by Israel summarizing his “Radical about relations between the Roman conversation often devalues the human- Enlightenment thesis” and positioning imperial government and the Nabataeans. ities in favor of the STEM subjects, the it in relation to the wider debate. These In the New York Review of Books, goal of these essays is to show to a wide collections are Reassessing the Radical Bowersock reviewed a general book on audience of non-specialists how transfor- Enlightenment (Routledge, 2017) and the Qur’an. This is now reprinted in a mative humanities teaching can be. Les Lumières radicales et le politique. Études volume, edited by his colleague Professor Professor Emeritus Giles Constable critiques sur les travaux de Jonathan Israel Sabine Schmidtke, on the rich tradition of published “Women and Religious Life in (Honoré Champion, 2017). Near Eastern Studies at IAS. Bowersock the Twelfth Century” in the journal Studi A second, lesser project, also nearing also published in the New York Review of Medievali. Forough Publications published completion, is a small book—based on Books an article about a new work on the a Persian language edition of Sacrilege and the two public Stroum Lectures in Jewish Phoenicians—who and where they were. Redemption in Renaissance Florence: The Studies that Israel gave at the University of The ­American Numismatic Society elected Case of Anotonio Rinaldeschi, originally Bowersock an Honorary Life Fellow. At pub­lished in 2005 by Constable and former the beginning of May, Bowersock went Member William J. Connell. Additionally, FACULTY & EMERITI HONORS to Paris to discuss his work at the Fonds Constable was named a Chevalier de la Yve-Alain Bois was conferred Louis Robert and to attend the installation Légion d’honneur of France. Nanjing University’s title of Chun-tu of former IAS Member Christopher During the academic session 2017–18, Hsueh Chair Professor. Jones in the Académie des Inscriptions Professor Emeritus Jonathan Israel Glen Bowersock was elected an et Belles-Lettres. devoted most of his time and effort to Honorary Life Fellow of the American Professor Emerita Caroline Walker completing the final part of his Oxford Numismatic Society. Bynum spent the last year working on a University Press series of volumes on the book of essays to be titled “Dissimilar Enlightenment, the first part of which, Caroline Walker Bynum was elected Similitudes,” which is a series of case Radical Enlightenment, appeared in 2001, a Fellow of the British Academy. studies of devotional objects from the the second and third volumes in 2006 and Angelos Chaniotis was conferred the later Middle Ages. The lengthy introduc- 2011. This last part deals mainly with the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki’s tion explores the question of how earthly trans-Atlantic revolutionary era 1775–1830 title of Doctor Honoris Causa. objects can be understood to refer to and and focuses on the role of late Enlighten- Giles Constable was named a Chevalier transport worshippers to the otherness ment ideologues and big project­-planners de la Légion d’honneur of France. of heaven. The essays focus on several like Franklin, Jefferson, Paine, Mirabeau, groups of such objects: some from North Condorcet, Volney, Bentham, Filangieri, Patrick J. Geary was elected a German convents, some at sites in the Sismondi, Comte, von Humboldt, and ­Corresponding Member of the German Holy Land, others now in the Metropoli- others in drawing up the great declarations, Archaeological Institute. tan Museum of Art in New York City. legislative programs, and basic principles Sabine Schmidtke was elected a Although the relatively rare writings of not just of the American and French, but Fellow of the Israel Academy of medieval theologians discussed how the also the many other important revolutions Sciences and Humanities.

15 Washington in Seattle in May 2017— of 2017, Israel published a number of London) of Lavin’s published works on dealing with what is seen as a tradition articles during the year on Enlighten- subjects other than Bernini. of revolutionary thought seeking to ment topics, including essays on Spinoza In 2017–18, Professor Emeritus ­transform broad aspects of society and and Rousseau. Peter Paret continued his exploration of politics pervading the writings of a series Professor Emeritus Irving Lavin spent German cultural and military history at of Jewish intellectuals, from Spinoza, time rethinking ideas and issues that have the beginning of the nineteenth century. through eighteenth-century revolution- been developed over his more than sixty- A long essay, “The Function of History in aries such as Lucius Junius Frey, and then year career. Because of Lavin’s work on Clausewitz’s Understanding of War,” will on to Ludwig Börne, Heinrich Heine, the Roman artist Gian Lorenzo Bernini, appear in the October 2018 issue of The Moses Hess, and Karl Marx. It is not his ninetieth birthday was celebrated in Journal of Military History. The article was generally recognized, but is argued in this December 2017 with a gift of a unique translated into German, expanded, and book, that Spinoza was a central preoccu- brown ink and wash drawing by Bernini’s with another methodological study by the pation of each of these figures, including workshop, dating about 1670, from German historian Hans Delbrück (1848– the young Marx whilst the latter was a Charles Scribner III to the Princeton 1929) will appear in December with an democratic radical—until his turn to University Art Museum. This occasion introductory essay and edited by Paret economic theory and socialism in 1844, led to the publication, “Bernini and the under the title Krieg, Geschichte, Theorie when he dramatically changed direction. Figura Serpentinata: a Drawing Recently (Miles-Verlag, 2018). A greatly expanded On November 7, 2017, Israel delivered Given to the Princeton University Art German edition of his volume of essays the annual lecture in memory of Martin Museum by Charles Scribner III in Clausewitz in seiner Zeit was published by Buber at the Israel Academy­ of Sciences Honor of Irving Lavin,” in Francisco Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg, and Humanities in Jerusalem, on the Jarauta en las fronteras de Babel (eds. P. and the talk he gave in Chicago in topic of Jewish emancipation in the era Jarauta and P. Medina, Madrid, 2017, pp. December 2017, “War and Its Historians” 1780–1860, arguing that it is possible to 235–252). Other publications for this on receiving the Pritzker Literature Award identify a particular tendency within the period include “Socrates Modern,” in I for Lifetime Achievement in Military Enlightenment that promoted the project Filosofi antichi nell’arte italiana del seicento: Writing, will be published in the Pritzker of Jewish emancipation, while more stile, iconografia, contesti (eds. S. Albi and F. Military Museum & Library’s annual mod­erate tendencies within the Enlight- Lofano, Rome, 2017, pp. 9–14); “Cara- report. Princeton University Press enment tended to obstruct the process. vaggio Magister and the Beatles,” in brought out a new edition of The Also during this year Israel delivered key About Art Online (with M.A. Lavin, 2018; ­Cognitive Challenge of War: Prussia 1806, note and other public lectures at confer- see www.ias.edu/lavin-caravaggio-beatles); which originally appeared in 2009, and ences in Sydney, Melbourne, San Francisco, “Bernini’s Bust of Prospero Farinacci,” in announced that Makers of Modern Strategy, Berkeley, Copenhagen, Lund, Munich, Artibus et Historiae no. 77 (2018, pp. the collection of thirty-two essays that Valparaiso, the David Library of the 255–290); and “The Silence of Bernini’s Paret edited in 1986, and to which he American Revolution in Washington David,” in The Silence of Images: Theory contributed three essays, as a replacement Crossing, Leeuwarden, Seville, and Dublin. and Process of Artistic Invention (eds. C. for the volume that originated at IAS in In addition to his newest book, The Cieri Via, et al., Vatican City Press, 1939, is now being translated into modern Expanding Blaze (Princeton University forthcoming). Work continues on Chinese, the fourteenth language in Press), which came out in the autumn volumes four and five (Pindar Press, which the work will appear.

2017–18 members and visitors f First Term F s Second Term F m Long-term Member F v Visitor

Abdulrahman al-Salmi Nicholas Baker Hartwin Brandt Early Islamic Theology and History F Ministry of Cultural History of Renaissance Italy F Macquarie Ancient History F Otto-Friedrich-Universität Endowments and Religious Affairs, Oman F s University F s Bamberg Patricia Crone Member Funding provided by the Herodotus Fund Elisheva Baumgarten Hassan Farhang Ansari Medieval History F Hebrew University of Stefan Brink Islamic Law and Theology F Institute for Advanced Jerusalem Medieval History F University of Aberdeen F f Study F m George William Cottrell, Jr. Member Funding provided by Carnegie Corporation of New York Timothy Brook Betsy Beasley Chinese History F The University of British Celia Applegate History of Capitalism and International Relations F Columbia Music History F Vanderbilt University Harvard University Agnes Gund and Daniel Shapiro Member Edward T. Cone Member in Music Studies AMIAS Member Fabienne Burkhalter Ilias Arnaoutoglou David Blackbourn Ancient Greek History, Papyrology F Université Ancient Greek Legal History F Academy of Modern German History F Vanderbilt University Lille 3 F f Athens F s Funding provided by The Andrew W. Mellon Funding provided by the Fund for Historical Studies Funding provided by the Patrons’ Endowment Fund Foundation

16 Guillaume Calafat Cecily Hilsdale Carlos Noreña Early Modern Mediterranean Legal and Maritime Byzantine and Medieval Art F McGill University Roman History F University of California, History F Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne Funding provided by the Fund for Historical Studies Berkeley F s Funding provided by the Herodotus Fund Minoru Inaba Marek Olbrycht Catherine Clark Medieval History of China and Central Asia F Kyoto Ancient History, Archaeology, Iranian Studies F Modern European History and International University University of Rzeszów Relations F Massachusetts Institute of Technology Roger E. Covey Member in East Asian Studies Gerda Henkel Stiftung Member The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Fellowships for Assistant Professors Adam Izdebski Vladimir Pechatnov Medieval Environmental History F Jagiellonian History of Soviet-American Relations F Moscow Kathleen Coleman University in Krakow State Institute of International Relations F f Latin Literature and Roman Social History F Funding provided by the Herodotus Fund Funding provided by the Fund for Historical Studies Harvard University Elinor Lunder Founders’ Circle Member Kwangmin Kim Jörg Peltzer Late Imperial China F University of Colorado F s Medieval Political, Social, and Legal History F Constance Cook Universität Heidelberg George Kiraz Ancient China F Lehigh University John Rassweiler Founders’ Circle Member Funding provided by the Hetty Goldman Membership Ottoman History of Religious Minorities, Syriac Fund Studies F Beth Mardutho: The Syriac Institute David Gilman Romano Funding provided by the Fund for Historical Studies Classical Archaeology F The University of William Diebold Arizona F s Jamie Kreiner Art History F Reed College F s Funding provided by The Andrew W. Mellon Early Medieval History F University of Georgia Foundation John Eldevik The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Fellowships for Medieval Social and Religious History F Hamilton Assistant Professors Erin Rowe College F s Religious Culture of the Early Modern Catholic Vladimir Kuli ć World F Johns Hopkins University Alison Games Modern Architectural History F Florida Atlantic Edwin C. and Elizabeth A. Whitehead Fellow Early Modern Global History F Georgetown University F f University Funding provided by the Fund for Historical Studies Jonathan Sachs Hans Kohn Member Early Modern British Culture F Concordia Eugenia Lean University, Montreal Valerie Garver History of Modern China F Columbia University Early Medieval History F Northern Illinois The Starr Foundation East Asian Studies Endowment Jutta Schickore University F f Fund Member F f History of Science F Indiana University Funding provided by the Fund for Historical Studies Sebastian Günther Polly Low Classical Islam and Arabic Studies F Georg-August- Ancient Greek History F The University of Konrad Schmid Universität Göttingen Manchester F f Hebrew Bible F Universität Zürich F f Willis F. Doney Member Funding provided by the Herodotus Fund Stefan Schorch Cynthia Hahn Weijing Lu Samaritan Studies F Martin-Luther-Universität Medieval Art History F Hunter College, The City Chinese History F University of California, San Halle-Wittenberg University of New York Diego Funding provided by the Patrons’ Endowment Fund Funding provided by the Fund for Historical Studies The Starr Foundation East Asian Studies Endowment Fund Member Silvia Sebastiani Omar Hamdan Early Modern History F École des Hautes Études The Arabic Bible F Eberhard Karls Universität Wilferd Madelung en Sciences Sociales, Paris Tübingen F s Islamic Studies F University of Oxford F v, s Friends of the Institute for Advanced Study Member; Martin L. and Sarah F. Leibowitz Member additional funding provided by the Hetty Goldman Carolina Mangone Membership Fund Will Hanley Renaissance and Baroque Art F Princeton University Legal History, Digital History F Florida State The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Fellowships for Jonathan Unglaub University F f Assistant Professors Renaissance and Baroque Art F Brandeis University Elizabeth and J. Richardson Dilworth Fellow Felix Gilbert Member; additional funding provided by Kevin Martin the Herodotus Fund Marta Hanson Cultural History of Modern Syria F Indiana University Late Imperial China, History of Medicine F Johns Willis F. Doney Member Karina Urbach Hopkins University Modern International Relations and Jewish Family Eduard Mühle Elizabeth and J. Richardson Dilworth Fellow History F University of London F v East European History F Westfälische Wilhelms- William Hedberg Universität Münster F f Frederik Vervaet Japanese Literature and Translation Studies F Arizona Funding provided by The Gladys Krieble Delmas Roman History F The University of Melbourne F s State University Foundation The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Fellowships for Rory Yeomans Assistant Professors Alexander Nagel Comparative European Fascism F Institute for Renaissance Art F New York University F f Advanced Study F s Geoffrey Herman William D. Loughlin Member; additional funding Willis F. Doney Member History of Jews in Antiquity F The Hebrew provided by the Patrons’ Endowment Fund Ying Zhang University of Jerusalem F s Funding provided by the Fund for Historical Studies Early Modern China F The Ohio State University

17 Sabine Schmidtke on Muʿtazilism in Islam and Judaism The earliest attested Jewish compendium of Muʿtazilite thought is the Kitʿb al-Niʿma, The Book of Blessing, of the Karaite Levi ben Yefet A theological work by al-Sāhib b. ʿAbbād, who promoted the teaching of Muʿtazilī theology (in Arabic Abū Saʿīd throughout Būyid territories and beyond Lāwī b. Hasan al-Basrī) Climatic reconstructions from Di Cosmo et. al, “Interplay of (late tenth to early elev- Environmental and Socio-Political Factors in the Downfall of enth century), the son of the prominent Karaite Bible exegete and the Eastern Türk Empire in 630 C.E.” legal scholar Yefet ben Eli ha-Levi (whose Arabic name was Ab ū Nicola Di Cosmo on History, ʿAlī Hasan b. ʿAlī al-Lāwī al-Basrī) (d. after 1006). Levi wrote the book at the request of his father as a vindication of Judaism on the Climate, and the New Past basis of Muʿtazilite rational theology, but unlike his father, who Climate is neither nature nor environment. Climate disapproved of Islamic Muʿtazilite theology, Levi adopted the is not even the weather. Climate is connected with doctrines of the Muʿtazila and implicitly recognized Muhammad as and produced by the Earth’s system, affected by the a friend of God endowed with prophethood, though ranking solar system, and its variations transform ecologies: below Moses. Further evidence as to when (and why) Jewish dry to wet, cold to warm, and vice versa, in differ- thinkers began to adopt Muʿtazilite thinking can be gleaned from ent degrees of intensity and duration. Until recently, the extant Jewish copies of Muʿtazilite works of Muslim represen- climate variability was caused only by a series of tatives of the movement, as preserved in the various Genizah interacting natural forces that determined the length collections, most specifically the Abraham Firkovich collection in of seasons, the amount of rainfall, and the tempera- St. Petersburg. Although a full inventory of the relevant collections ture of the atmosphere at different latitudes. Human and its Muʿtazilite materials is still a major desideratum, it seems beings had to face the consequences of this variabil- that the writings of the Bāyid vizier and patron of the Muʿtazila, ity, enjoying balmy days while preparing for poor al-Sāhib b. ʿAbbād (938–95), who was himself an adherent of the ones, feasts and famines punctuating the life cycles movement, constitute the earliest Muslim Muʿtazilite works, copies of humanity. How could this constant interaction of which can be traced in the various Jewish collections. Read between humans and nature not be part of history? more at www.ias.edu/schmidtke-islam-judaism. Read more at www.ias.edu/di-cosmo-new-past.

Kevin W. Martin on the Beginnings of Authoritarian Culture in the Arab World As recent events have demonstrated, one of the most significant phenomena of the Arab World’s modern history is the persistence and resilience of undemocratic government. Syria has enjoyed the dubious distinction of leadership in this respect, its experience foreshadowing and/or exemplifying that of its neighbors. The pattern was established in 1949, when Syria experienced three coups d’état that installed a succession of military rulers. All of these coups were planned and executed by Army Colonel Adib al-Shishakli, who today is largely forgotten in Syria, and remains an obscure figure to all but a narrow circle of historians and political scientists outside the country. This is a considerable oversight, for after seizing power on his own behalf in December 1949, al-Shishakli effectively ruled Syria for much of the next five years, during which he wrought long- term changes in Syria’s political culture and initiated a host of policies and practices The al-Shiskakli regime’s appropriation of subsequently adopted by Egypt’s Gamal Abdul Nasser, Syria’s Hafez al-Assad, Iraq’s American political culture is exemplified in the above caricature, which accompanied Saddam Hussein, and other authoritarian rulers throughout the region. Read more at the state-sponsored article “Luminous Pages www.ias.edu/martin-authoritarian-beginnings. from the Life of a Leader.”

18 Kathleen Coleman on A Child Prodigy in Ancient Rome Who was Quintus Sulpicius Maximus? His funerary monument contains forty­-three lines, the only poem currently known to be written by an ancient Roman child. Why is it important to study a single ­monument for a Roman prodigy who died nearly 2,000 years ago? Watch Coleman’s lecture from Ideas 2017–18 at www.ias.edu/­ coleman-child-prodigy. DAN KOMODA DAN

Jonathan Israel’s The Expanding Blaze The American Revolution created a new form of republic explicitly built on the principle of “liberty.” ROYAL COLLECTION TRUST / © HER MAJESTY QUEEN ELIZABETH II 2018 QUEEN / © HER MAJESTY TRUST COLLECTION ROYAL Yet the United States that emerged in 1787 was Leonardo da Vinci, Deluge Drawings. Windsor, Royal Library predominantly undemocratic and by and large not geared to promoting the welfare of society as a Irving Lavin on Leonardo da Vinci’s whole. The Revolution contained two divergent tendencies within it, rooted respectively in moderate Watery Chaos and radical Enlightenment, and this inevitably gener- Within the vast range and depth of Leonardo’s perceptual and ated a conflict of attitudes, values, and institutions intellectual ken, recorded in innumerable drawings and verbal that could not easily be resolved. On the one hand observations in his great legacy of notebooks and study sheets, it is there was the powerful Lockean legacy. But Locke abundantly clear that water preoccupied him much more than any had justified a revolution, the Glorious Revolution of of the many other subjects to which he turned his attention. The 1688, led by an aristocracy on the basis of everyone’s sheer volume of his studies of water, hundreds of drawings and right to the pursuit of “life, liberty, and property,” notes, exceeds by far that of his work on any other single theme. assigning property a decisive role in the possession Leonardo was truly enthralled, not to say obsessed by water—so and organization of power and authority. Read more much so that this fact in itself calls for explanation. Read more at at www.ias.edu/israel-expanding-blaze. www.ias.edu/lavin-leonardo-chaos.

19 Distinguished Visiting Professor AKSHAY VENKATESH led a special program on locally symmetric spaces. Locally symmetric spaces are the home of the Langlands program—a set of overarching and interconnected conjectures connecting representation theory to number theory, first proposed in 1967 by Professor Emeritus Robert Langlands. School of Mathematics

The School of Mathematics, established in 1933, was the first School at the Institute for Advanced Study. Several central themes in mathematics of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries owe their major impetus to discoveries that have taken place in the School, which today is an international center for research on mathematics and computer science.

During the academic year 2017–18, the School of Mathematics conducted a special program on locally symmetric spaces, led by Distin- FACULTY Akshay Venkatesh guished Visiting Professor of Stanford University. Jean Bourgain Examples of locally symmetric spaces, which are highly symmetric IBM von Neumann Professor objects, are the hyperbolic geometries investigated by Luigi Bianchi in the Helmut Hofer nineteenth century and a six-dimensional space parameterizing all possible Robert MacPherson three-dimensional lattices up to rotation. Hermann Weyl Professor Locally symmetric spaces are the home of the Langlands program—a set Peter Sarnak of overarching and interconnected conjectures connecting representation Richard Taylor Robert and Luisa Fernholz Professor theory to number theory, first proposed in 1967 by Robert Langlands, now Avi Wigderson Professor Emeritus in the School of Mathematics. These spaces have become Herbert H. Maass Professor a crossroads for many different strands of mathematical thought. The special Vladimir Voevodsky program placed particular focus on two of these areas: deceased September 30, 2017 Analysis on locally symmetric spaces. The motivation to study this comes both from the Langlands program and from analytic number theory. The PROFESSORS EMERITI techniques are drawn from representation theory and analysis on manifolds, Enrico Bombieri among other fields. Pierre Deligne Topology of locally symmetric spaces. Here the subject is guided again by Phillip A. Griffiths a conjecture of Langlands that relates the cohomology of locally symmetric Robert P. Langlands spaces to algebraic varieties. Understanding subtler features of this conjecture Thomas Spencer was a central theme of the program.

Core Program Activities There was an introductory short course of six hours, given by Members Laurent Clozel and Joachim Schwermer. This series, aimed at an audience with some familiarity with automorphic forms, gave a quick introduction to the cohomology of locally symmetric spaces. Research short courses (each a series of two-hour lectures) were given by Venkatesh and Members Alexander Goncharov, Erez Lapid, Simon Marshall, Yiannis Sakellaridis, and Romyar Sharifi.

DAN KOMODA DAN A theme that ran through the lectures of Goncharov, Sharifi, and

21 Venkatesh was an emerging connection between the program participants and conservation is a mere consequence of between the theory of mixed motives the number theory group at Princeton symplectic invariance. Hence, it is natural and the theory of automorphic forms, University. This occurred both through to ask whether Poincaré recurrence particularly its topological manifestations. the weekly number theory seminar and should allow for a correspondingly All three hinted at an underlying struc- yet another “Working Seminar.” ­stronger formulation when using the ture that is only partly visible at present. There were several important results stronger assumption of the invariance of The lectures of Marshall, Sakellaridis, announced at the program. Marshall the symplectic structure. The work of and Lapid all related to the theory of peri- announced a new subconvexity result Schwarz strongly indicates that recurrence ods of automorphic forms, and belonged with Member Ruixang Zhang that of symplectic systems is much stronger to the analysis side of the program. applies in arbitrarily high rank, and than volume-based recurrence. In both During the second term, there was a Sakellaridis announced in his lecture a problems, moduli spaces play an important “Working Group on Microlocal Analysis new unified approach to relative functo- role. Indeed, modern symplectic geometry and Automorphic Forms.” This was a riality, in the spirit of Beyond Endoscopy, relies heavily on the study of moduli series of lectures or discussions (several by that should apply in all rank one cases. spaces. Usually the moduli spaces in more junior Members) on ideas at the symplectic geometry are very singular interface of the mentioned topics. This The scientific activities at IAS in the area and have to be improved through clever working group seemed to successfully of geometry and dynamics, organized perturbation schemes. The type of allow- integrate participants of disparate by Professor Helmut Hofer and several able perturbation scheme usually restricts seniority and backgrounds. Members, covered as usual a broad area the amount of recoverable information. There were two workshops associated focusing on questions in symplectic Member Dingyu Yang, jointly with with the program, each with eighteen dynamics, enumerative geometry, mani- Guangbo Xu of Princeton University, research talks: Motives, Cohomology, and folds with G2-holonomy, Fukaya catego- made great progress on a longer standing Galois Representations around the Langlands ries, and work on virtual moduli cycles. problem in which one needs to recover Program, November 6–10, 2017, organized Manifolds with G2-holonomy are inter- more information than guaranteed by the by Frank Calegari and Akshay Venkatesh; esting seven­-dimensional spaces which usual perturbation schemes. At the heart and Representation Theory and Analysis on are also of importance in string theory. of their approach lies a more sophisticated Locally Symmetric Spaces, March 5–28, These occur in families of spaces having approach to perturbations, which might 2018, organized by Lapid, Sakellaridis, different geometric properties. These open up the way to the study of more and Venkatesh. families are examples of so-called moduli singular objects and the use of other There was a great deal of interaction spaces and an important question is the mathematical tools, i.e., perverse sheaves. dimension of these moduli spaces, i.e., Member Nate Bottman’s work is how many parameters does one need to concerned with Fukaya categories (an FACULTY & EMERITI HONORS describe these families locally. Member algebraic way to record invariants coming Gao Chen produced a singular compact from moduli spaces) and the open Jean Bourgain was awarded the Steele manifold with G2-holonomy, which ­question about the functoriality of such Prize for Lifetime Achievement by the can be desingularized in three different constructions. These question are very American Mathematical Society for the ways obtaining three families of different difficult and involve analysis, topology, breadth of his contributions made in the dimensions that collapse into the same and combinatorics. Member Sara advancement of mathematics. singular object. This is the first example Tukachinsky’s work is concerned with Robert Langlands was awarded the of such a change of dimension phenome- so-called open Gromov-Witten theory, 2018 Abel Prize by the Norwegian non. Chen’s results hint to an extremely which is much less understood than Academy of Science and Letters for rich combinatorial structure governing Gromov-Witten theory. Here research his visionary program connecting the geometry of G2-manifolds. touches on questions concerning what representation theory to number theory. Member Matthias Schwarz made kind of invariants can be constructed Robert MacPherson was awarded an substantial progress on a new type of and what mathematical/geometrical honorary doctorate of science from the ­question in symplectic dynamics called the information they encode. University of Chicago. “symplectic recurrence problem.” Classical During April 2018, Hofer was a Poincaré recurrence in physics states Research Professor at the Mathematical Peter Sarnak was awarded an honorary that certain systems will return, after a Science Research Institute, Berkeley, doctorate from King’s College London ­sufficiently long but finite time, very participating in the program “Enumerative in recognition of his far-reaching vision close to their initial state. This recurrence Geometry Beyond Numbers.” He gave that has opened up many new fields of phenomenon is a consequence of a finite a series of lectures on polyfold theory, a research in mathematics. measure (or volume) being preserved by theory that he has developed with Richard Taylor was elected a Member the dynamics. In the case of a symplectic former Members Krzyztof Wysocki of the American Philosophical Society. dynamical system, the volume and Eduard Zehnder.

22 Professor Emeritus Phillip A. Griffiths continued work on a major mathematical research project relating to Hodge theory and moduli, in collaboration with Mark Green and former IAS Members Colleen Robles and Radu Laza. As Distinguished Scholar at the University of Miami for the winter term, and during a visit to Moscow, Griffiths gave short courses on “What is Complex Analytic Geometry?” Transforming Postsecondary Educa- tion in Mathematics (www.tpsemath. org), a national initiative led by Griffiths and supported this past year by Carnegie THOMAS CLARKE THOMAS Corporation of New York and the Member SARA TUKACHINKSKY’s work is concerned with open Gromov-Witten theory and National Science Foundation, focused questions concerning what kind of invariants can be constructed and what mathematical/geometrical its efforts on rethinking curricular path- information they encode. ways in math for students with varying career goals. A conference in honor of (hyperbolic) systems, the classical trajec- decay for hyperbolic limit sets, which in Griffiths’s eightieth birthday was held tories (geodesics) diverge from each particular gave a stronger version of FUP at the University of Miami in March, other exponentially fast under a small for sets of dimension ≤ ½. where speakers included Edward Witten, perturbation and geometric optics The FUP approach goes beyond the Charles Simonyi Professor in the School approximation is valid for time which time for which geometric optics approxi- of Natural Sciences, and a number of is logarithmic in frequency. mation is valid, and proofs of FUP have former IAS Members. In 2015, Semyon Dyatlov and Joshua relied on harmonic analysis, fractal Zahl proposed a new approach to the geometry, and combinatorics, bringing Other School Activities essential spectral gap question, reducing new techniques to quantum chaos. The School hosted an Emerging Topics it to showing a fractal uncertainty principle There is also hope to use number theory Working Group focused on quantum (FUP). Roughly speaking, FUP states to show stronger versions of FUP in chaos, in particular recent developments that no function can be localized near a special cases; moreover, some results in featuring the fractal uncertainty principle, fractal set in both position and frequency quantum chaos (specifically spectral gaps October 9–13, 2017. Quantum chaos (Fourier) space. Dyatlov–Zahl proved for arithmetic surfaces) have applications studies the behavior of eigenfunctions FUP for sets of dimension close to ½; in to diophantine problems in number and waves on manifolds which have 2016, Dyatlov and Long Jin proved FUP theory. The relation of these fields in chaotic geodesic flows, including the for a class of Cantor sets. context of FUP can be described by the following two questions: 1) on a compact At the end of 2016, Jean Bourgain, following diagram: manifold, how do eigenfunctions of the IBM von Neumann Professor, and Laplacian concentrate at high frequency ­Dyatlov proved a general FUP, holding (in terms of limiting semiclassical measures)? for any porous subset of the real line. 2) on a noncompact manifold, do high­- This result has already seen several frequency solutions to the wave equation important applications to quantum decay exponentially fast (i.e., is there an chaos. In particular, together with the essential spectral gap)? work of Dyatlov–Zahl (or a recent much An important tool is the geometric shorter version by Dyatlov and Maciej optics approximation: at high frequencies Zworski), it implies that every convex The goal of the workshop was to and for bounded time solutions to the co-compact hyperbolic surface has an bring together experts from these fields wave equation propagate along geodesics. essential spectral gap. In 2017, Dyatlov to better understand the different parts of It is part of a general theory called micro- and Jin used the general FUP to show the above diagram and work on several local analysis. One challenge in quantum that every semiclassical measure on a open problems. chaos is to extend geometric optics compact hyperbolic surface has full The workshop was organized by Jean approximation to large times and use support; in particular, eigenfunctions Bourgain (IAS) and Semyon Dyatlov it together with the chaotic nature of of the Laplacian are bounded below (Massachusetts Institute of Technology/ the geodesic flow to obtain results on (independently of the eigenvalue) on University of California, Berkeley/Clay long-time wave dynamics and eigen- any nonempty open set. Also in 2017, Mathematics Institute). The participants function statistics. For strongly chaotic Bourgain and Dyatlov proved Fourier were Alexis Drouot (Columbia

23 University); Alex Gamburd (The Graduate analysis, combinatorics, and number by Boris Chirikov in 1979, is concerned Center, City University of New York); theory learned about the microlocal with describing the stochastic process Long Jin (Purdue University); Alex techniques used in the passage from FUP exhibited by diffusing orbits. A funda- Kontorovich (Rutgers University/IAS); to results in quantum chaos. At the same mental role in pursuing Arnold’s Elon Lindenstrauss (The Hebrew time, experts in microlocal analysis and ­conjecture, and in providing many ideas University of Jerusalem); Alexandr quantum chaos learned about the tools and inspiration, was played by former Logunov (IAS); Michael Magee from harmonic analysis and combinatorics Member John Mather. (Durham University); Frédéric Naud that are used in the proof of FUP. The last several years have witnessed (Université d’Avignon); Stéphane Many open problems were discussed. significant progress on the Arnold Nonnenmacher (Université Paris-Sud); One for which progress seems most ­diffusion problem, and the emergence Professor Peter Sarnak (IAS); Mikhail likely is adapting recent results (which of new geometric approaches, as well Sodin (Tel Aviv University); Ruixiang were in the setting of hyperbolic surfaces) as approaches at the confluence of Zhang (IAS); and Steve Zelditch to more general surfaces with hyperbolic geometric and variational methods. (Northwestern University). geodesic flows. One of the main issues This workshop was focused on a The first day of the workshop in this setting is that the stable/unstable particular combination of such tech- consisted of two colloquium style foliations are not smooth. It appears niques. A first focal point was on the lectures: an introduction to quantum that some of the proofs in the paper of methods based on normally hyperbolic chaos (Nonnenmacher) and an overview ­Bourgain–Dyatlov can be revisited and invariant manifolds, scattering maps, and of applications of FUP (Dyatlov). The combined with hyperbolic parametrix shadowing lemmas that were developed next several days had two or three lectures to yield an FUP adapted to such nons- in works by Amadeu Delshams, former each: on FUP and its applications mooth foliations. This would yield Members Marian Gidea and Rafael de la (­Dyatlov, Jin, Zhang), Dolgopyat’s ­statements that only need hyperbolic Llave, and Tere Seara, in order to prove method (Naud), geometry of limit sets dynamics of the geodesic flow, not diffusion in the so-called “a priori (Magee), long-time wave propagation ­relying on constant curvature. ­unstable” case of the Arnold diffusion (Nonnenmacher), and the sum-product Another Emerging Topics Working problem. A second focal point was on a theorem (Lindenstrauss). These talks Group was held April 9–13, 2018, on method to obtain diffusing orbits by were open to the general public and most geometric and variational methods in the combining classical hyperbolic methods of them are available as video lectures on Arnold diffusion problem, and related topics. with Mather’s theory, developed in works the IAS website. There were several The Arnold diffusion problem is by Patrick Bernard, and former Members informal presentations, including FUP concerned with the phenomena of global Vadim Kaloshin and Ke Zhang, in the “a for Cantor sets (Dyatlov), the Beurling– instability in nearly integrable Hamilto- priori stable” case, for two-and-a-half Malliavin theorem (Sodin), and quan- nian systems. It originated with a conjec- degrees of freedom Hamiltonian systems. tum cat map (Nonnenmacher), as well as ture by Vladimir Arnold in 1964, that A third focal point was on the construc- many open-format discussions. “generic” integrable systems subjected to tion of compact invariant cylinders with This workshop was a rare occasion arbitrarily small, “generic” perturbations, boundary, located near simple or double when experts from several different fields have “diffusing orbits” that travel some resonances, and the construction of could meet and exchange knowledge. distance independent of the size of the diffusing orbits along these cylinders, by For instance, experts on harmonic perturbation. A related problem, posed intertwining scattering dynamics and

The Institute for Advanced Study was deeply saddened by the passing of Vladimir Voevodsky, Professor in the School of Mathematics, at age 51 on September 30, 2017. Voevodsky was a truly extraordinary and original mathematician who made remarkable advances in algebraic geometry, and whose most recent work concerned rewriting the foundations of mathematics to make them suitable for computer proof verification. Born in Moscow on June 4, 1966, Voevodsky was awarded the Fields Medal in 2002 at age thirty­- six, shortly after his appointment as Professor in the School of Mathematics. He had spent the prior three years (1998–2001) as a Long-term Member. “Vladimir had the courage to think about the hardest and most fundamental problems in mathematics,” said Richard Taylor, Robert and Luisa Fernholz Professor in the School of Mathematics. “He would look for the right conceptualization, in the belief that then the difficulties would become surmountable. Very few mathematicians have succeeded in pulling off such an approach, but Vladimir succeeded magnificently,

particularly in his construction of the derived category of mixed motives and his use ANDREA KANE of it to prove the Milnor and Bloch-Kato conjectures in K-theory.”

24 twist dynamics, developed by Jean-Pierre Marco and Gidea, in the “a priori stable” case, for three-degrees-of-freedom Hamiltonian systems. All these advances were discussed at the workshop, which contributed to a better understanding of the different components of these works. Another topic that was actively discussed is an approach of proving stochastic Arnold diffusion, developed by Marcel Guardia, Kaloshin, and Zhang, for certain classes of a priori unstable systems. This approach not only provides exis- tence of diffusing orbits, but also shows DAN KOMODA DAN that in a certain time scale small fluctua- AVI WIGDERSON, Herbert H. Maass Professor, gives an After Hours talk on artificial intelligence. tions accumulate to a stochastic diffusion process. This gives a partial justification Lai-Sang Young (Courant Institute of It is anticipated that many of the for the name of the phenomenon: Arnold Mathema­tical Sciences); Javier Gómez research problems started at the IAS will diffusion. Stochastic Arnold diffusion also Serrano (Princeton University); Edward be continued during the Mathematical is being investigated by Gidea and Maciej Belbruno (Princeton University and Sciences Research Institute program on Capinski, in the context of the planar Yeshiva University); and Pablo Roldan “Hamiltonian Systems, From Topology elliptic restricted three-body problem, (Yeshiva University). to Applications through Analysis,” to be through a computer­-assisted proof. There were three colloquium-style held in fall 2018, which will be attended The methods mentioned above are of lectures, on the state of the art on the by many of the workshop participants. interest not only for the purpose of over- Arnold Diffusion problem, as well as They also plan to write a joint paper coming the Arnold diffusion problem, on future directions, by Marco, de la that surveys the state of the art of the but also from the point of view of Llave, and Zhang. Also, there were five Arnold diffusion problem through the ­applications. Indeed, one informal way seminar­-style lectures focused on specific lens of geometric-variational approaches, to describe this problem is that “small techniques, applications, and related providing a clear picture on what has perturbations can accumulate to large topics, by Delshams, Seara, Gidea, been done so far, and what needs effects.” The range of applications include ­Guardia, and Arnaud. All talks were further work. space mission design—when one would open to the general public and are avail- A three-year program in Theoretical like to exploit instability to produce able as video lectures on the IAS website. Machine Learning began in fall 2017, ­efficient trajectories—and the dynamics in Ample time was devoted to collaborative led by Visiting Professor Sanjeev Arora particle accelerators and plasma confine- work, on pursuing ongoing projects, as and supported by a $2 million grant ment­—when one would like to prevent well as on launching new research ideas. from Eric and Wendy Schmidt. A instability to disintegrate the system. The workshop can be viewed as a ­natural extension of existing activities The workshop was organized by first step towards making connections in the Computer Science and Discrete Vadim Kaloshin (University of Maryland) between several works, and building new Mathematics group headed by Avi and Marian Gidea (Yeshiva University). bridges between various approaches. The Wigderson, Herbert H. Maass The participants were Marie-Claude participants also started to look at several ­Professor, the program aims to establish Arnaud (Université d’Avignon); Abed new problems, in which they anticipate a theoretical understanding of machine Bounemoura (CNRS and CERE- to make advancements. Some specific learning and fundamental­ principles MADE, Université Paris-Dauphine); research directions include: related to how algorithms behave in Amadeu Delshams (Universitat Politécnica Existence of diffusion in the case machines, how they learn, and why they de Catalunya); Jaques Féjoz (Université when the unperturbed Hamiltonian is are able to make desired predictions and Paris-Dauphine and Observatoire de not convex; decisions. Activities in 2017–18 included Paris); Marcel Guardia (Universitat Describing the stochastic process three public lectures: “Machines: How Politécnica de Catalunya); Rafael de la underlying Arnold diffusion, in general Do They Learn and Where Are They Llave (Georgia Institute of Technology); systems as well as in concrete examples Headed?” by Arora and Richard Zemel, Jean-Pierre Marco (University Pierre and (e.g., from celestial mechanics); Visitor in the School and a Professor of Marie Curie); Tere Seara (University Robust transitivity in large classes of Computer Science at the University of Politécnica de Catalunya); Ke Zhang nearly integrable Hamiltonian systems; Toronto, on October 27, 2017; “Deep (University of Toronto); Professor Existence of diffusion in system with Learning and Cognition” by Christopher ­Emeritus Thomas Spencer (IAS); weak dissipation. Manning, Thomas M. Siebel Professor in

25 Machine Learning and Professor of Linguistics and of Computer Science at Stanford University, on November 15, 2017; and “How Could Machines Learn as Efficiently­ as Animals and Humans?” by Yann LeCun, Director of Facebook AI Research and Silver Professor of Computer Science at New York ­University, on December 12, 2017. The School held additional lecture series in 2017–18. Sergiu Klainerman of Princeton University gave the Hermann Weyl Survey Lectures “On the Mathe- DAN KOMODA DAN

matical Theory of Black Holes,” Octo- The Theoretical Machine Learning Lecture Series, organized by IAS Visiting Professor Sanjeev Arora, ber 16–18, 2017. Former Member Oded included talks by Arora and Visitor Richard Zemel on “Machines: How Do They Learn and Where Are Regev of New York University gave They Headed?”; Yann LeCun (pictured above), Facebook’s Chief Artificial Intelligence Scientist and the Ruth and Irving Adler Expository Founder of the Facebook AI Research lab, on “How Could Machines Learn as Efficiently as Animals and Humans?”; and Christopher Manning, Thomas M. Siebel Professor in Machine Learning and Professor Lecture on “Lattices: From Geometry of Linguistics and of Computer Science at Stanford University, on “Deep Learning and Cognition.” to Cryptography,” November 29, 2017. Former Member Simon Donaldson of Buergisser (Technical University of K. V. Subrahmanyam (Chennai the Simons Center for Geometry and Berlin); Matthias Christandl (University ­Mathematical Institute); Nisheeth ­Vishnoi Physics at Stony Brook University gave of Copenhagen); Harm Derksen (Ecole ­Polytechnique Fédérale de the Marston Morse Lecture Series on (University of Michigan); Ankit Garg ­Lausanne); Michael Walter (University “Exceptional Holonomy and Related (Microsoft Research New England); of Amsterdam); and Herbert H. Maass Geometric Structures,” April 3–6, 2018. Leonid Gurvits (The City College of Professor Avi Wigderson (IAS). The School also hosted a workshop New York); Gábor Ivanyos (Institute The School continued its Summer on Optimization, Complexity, and for Computer Science and Control, Collaborators program, with the Faculty Invariant Theory. This workshop, held Hungarian Academy of Sciences); selecting small groups of mathematicians June 4–8, 2018, explored connections Lap Chi Lau (University of Waterloo); (between two and five people) who could between complexity and optimization James R. Lee (University of Washing- benefit from IAS resources to further with algebra and analysis, which have ton); Yuanzhi Li (Princeton University); their collaborative research projects. emerged from the works on operator Visu Makam (University of Michigan); Six groups were invited to visit IAS at scaling. Topics included optimization, Roy Meshulam (Technion–Israel various periods of two to four weeks invariant theory, computational ­Institute of Technology); Ketan D. throughout the summer, receiving travel complexity, and quantum information Mulmuley (The University of Chicago); funds, per diem, local housing, office theory. The speakers were Peter Rafael Oliveira (University of Toronto); space, and access to campus resources.

2017–18 members and visitors f First Term F s Second Term F v Visitor F vp Visiting Professor F dvp Distinguished Visiting Professor F vf Veblen Fellow F vri Veblen Reasearch Instructorship F vnf von Neumann Fellowship F j Joint Member School of Natural Sciences

Emmanuel Abbe Joseph Bernstein Farrell Brumley Information Theory, Coding Theory, Learning Automorphic Representations F Tel Aviv Number Theory, Automorphic Forms, Representation Theory F Princeton University F vnf/f, v/s University F f Theory F Université Paris 13 F s Funding provided by the Charles Simonyi Funding provided by The Ambrose Monell Foundation Patrick Allen Endowment Galois Representations F University of Illinois at Guillaume Brunerie Urbana-Champaign F v, f Irina Bobkova Homotopy Type Theory F Institute for Advanced Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Algebraic Topology, Homotopy Theory F Institute for Study Advanced Study Funding provided by the Florence Gould Foundation Sanjeev Arora Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Fund and the National Science Foundation Theoretical Computer Science, Machine Learning F Princeton University F vp Nathaniel Bottman Ashay Burungale Funding provided by Eric and Wendy Schmidt Symplectic Geometry F Institute for Advanced Number Theory, Modular Forms F Université Paris 13 Study Funding provided by the National Science Foundation David Ben-Zvi Schmidt Fellow; supported by Eric and Wendy Geometric Langlands Program, Topological Field Schmidt Theory F The University of Texas at Austin F s Funding provided by the National Science Foundation

26 Eshan Chattopadhyay Jessica Fintzen Alex Kontorovich Pseudorandomness, Randomness Extractors, Number Theory, Representation Theory, p-adic Number Theory, Automorphic Forms F Rutgers, Applications F Institute for Advanced Study Groups F Institute for Advanced Study The State University of New Jersey F vnf Funding provided by the Simons Foundation and the Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Funding provided by the National Science Foundation National Science Foundation Ziyang Gao Clemens Koppensteiner Gao Chen Shimura Varieties, Height, Equidistribution, Perfectoid Geometric Representation Theory F Institute for Calabi-Yau Manifolds F Institute for Advanced Spaces F Institute for Advanced Study F v Advanced Study Study Funding provided by the Giorgio and Elena Petronio Funding provided by the S. S. Chern Foundation for Jayce Getz Fellowship Fund and the National Science Mathematics Research Fund and the National Science Beyond Endoscopy, Relative Endoscopy F Duke Foundation Foundation University F s Funding provided by the Charles Simonyi Pravesh Kothari William Yun Chen Endowment Theoretical Computer Science F Institute for Number Theory, Arithmetic Geometry, Galois Theory, Advanced Study/Princeton University Alexander Goncharov Anabelian Geometry F Institute for Advanced Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Study Arithmetic Algebraic Geometry, Lie Groups, Funding provided by the Ky Fan and Yu-Fen Fan Representations F Yale University F j, f Erez M. Lapid Automorphic Forms, Trace Formula, L-functions, Membership Fund and the National Science Mark Goresky Representation Theory F Weizmann Institute of Foundation Geometry, Automorphic Forms F Institute for Science F s Otis Chodosh Advanced Study F v Funding provided by the Charles Simonyi Geometric Analysis F Institute for Advanced Daniel R. Grayson Endowment Study/Princeton University F vri Univalent Foundations, K-theory F University of Bao V. Le Hung Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Illinois at Urbana-Champaign F v, s and the Oswald Veblen Fund Algebraic Number Theory F Institute for Advanced Heekyoung Hahn Study Laurent Clozel Representation Theory Arising from the Langlands Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Automorphic Forms, Galois Representations F Beyond Endoscopy Proposal F Duke University F s Marius Christopher Lemm Université Paris-Sud F f Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Rui Han Mathematical Physics, Analysis F California Mathematical Physics, Analysis F Institute for Institute of Technology Gil Cohen Advanced Study Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Complexity Theory, Pseudorandomness F Institute Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Francesco Lin for Advanced Study F v Kuen-Bang Favonia Hou Low-Dimensional Topology, Gauge Theory, Floer Nadav Cohen Mechanized Reasoning, Type Theory, Programming Homology F Institute for Advanced Study/ F F Theoretical Machine Learning Institute for Languages F Institute for Advanced Study Princeton University vri Advanced Study Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Funding provided by Eric and Wendy Schmidt Michael Lipnowski June Huh Number Theory, Automorphic Forms, Representation F Pierre Colmez Algebraic Geometry, Combinatorics F Institute for Theory Institute for Advanced Study F Number Theory Université Pierre et Marie Advanced Study F vp Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Curie F f Funding provided by the Ellentuck Fund and the Zheng Liu Funding provided by the National Science Foundation National Science Foundation Number Theory F Institute for Advanced Study Yaim Cooper John Imbrie Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Algebraic Geometry F Institute for Advanced Mathematical Physics, Disordered Quantum F Aleksandr Logunov Study v, f Systems F University of Virginia F s Nodal Geometry of Laplace Eigenfunctions F Gisella Croce Ian Jauslin Institute for Advanced Study F Implicit Partial Differential Equations Institut Mathematical Physics F Institute for Advanced Schmidt Fellow; supported by Eric and Wendy Universitaire de Technologie du Havre F v, s Study Schmidt Vesselin Dimitrov Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Maryanthe Malliaris Diophantine Approximation by Special Points, Ilya Khayutin Model Theory (Logic) F The University of F F Applications to Dynamics, Geometry Institute for Number Theory, Homogeneous Dynamics F Institute Chicago vnf, s Advanced Study for Advanced Study/Princeton University F vri Minerva Research Foundation Member Funding provided by the Giorgio and Elena Petronio Schmidt Fellow; supported by Eric and Wendy Simon Lindsay Marshall Fellowship Fund II and the National Science Schmidt Foundation Analysis on Locally Symmetric Spaces F University Jongchon Kim of Wisconsin–Madison Xiumin Du Harmonic Analysis F University of Wisconsin– Friends of the Institute for Advanced Study Member Harmonic Analysis F Institute for Advanced Study Madison David W. Masser Shiing-Shen Chern Member; additional funding Funding provided by the National Science Foundation provided by the National Science Foundation Number Theory F Mathematisches Institut der Ju-Lee Kim Universität Basel F v, f Zeev Dvir Representation Theory of p-adic Groups F Funding provided by the Charles Simonyi Computational Complexity, Combinatorics F Massachusetts Institute of Technology Endowment Princeton University F vnf Funding provided by the National Science Foundation

27 Svitlana Mayboroda Andrei S. Rapinchuk Chen Wan Analysis, Partial Differential Equations F University Algebraic Groups, Zariski-dense Subgroups, Locally Automorphic Forms, Representation Theory, Trace of Minnesota F vnf, s Symmetric Spaces F University of Virginia F s Formula, L-functions F Institute for Advanced Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Study Arash Rastegar Funding provided by the National Science Foundation James Maynard Number Theory, Algebraic Geometry, Mathematics Prime Gaps F Institute for Advanced Study F f Education, Philosophy of Mathematics F Sharif Jonathan Peiyu Wang Funding provided by the National Science Foundation University of Technology, Tehran Representation Theory, Langlands Program, Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Geometric Langlands Program F Institute for Han-Bom Moon Advanced Study Birational Algebraic Geometry of Moduli Spaces F Andre Reznikov Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Fordham University Representation Theory, Automorphic Functions, Minerva Research Foundation Member Number Theory F Bar-Ilan University F f Sida Wang Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Machine Learning, Natural Language Processing F Shay Moran Institute for Advanced Study F v Machine Learning F University of California, San Yiannis Sakellaridis Diego Automorphic Forms, Representation Theory, Number Robert F. Williams Funding provided by the Simons Foundation and the Theory F Rutgers, The State University of New Dynamical Systems, Symbolic Dynamics, Tiling National Science Foundation Jersey F vnf Theory F The University of Texas at Austin F v Funding provided by the Charles Simonyi Vidit Nanda Endowment Helen Wong Algebraic Topology F University of Oxford Quantum Topology, Applications of Topology F Friends of the Institute for Advanced Study Member Wilhelm Schlag Carleton College F vnf Harmonic Analysis, Dispersive Evolution Funding provided by The Ambrose Monell Assaf Naor Equations F The University of Chicago F vp Foundation and the National Science Foundation Analysis, Metric Embeddings, Approximation Algorithms F Princeton University Matthias Schwarz Dingyu Yang Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Symplectic Geometry, Hamiltonian Dynamics F Symplectic Geometry, Polyfolds, Kuranishi Structures, Universität Leipzig Relative SFT, LG Theory F Institute for Advanced Amitai Netser Zernik Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Study Computing Open Gromov–Witten Theory F Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Institute for Advanced Study Joachim Schwermer Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Arithmetic of Algebraic Groups, Geometry of Related Fan Yang Locally Symmetric Spaces F Universität Wien F f Mathematical Physics, Analysis F Institute for Behnam Neyshabur Funding provided by the Charles Simonyi Advanced Study F v Optimization, Generalization in Deep Learning F Endowment Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Institute for Advanced Study Funding provided by Eric and Wendy Schmidt Paul Seidel Richard Zemel Symplectic Geometry, Homological Algebra F Machine Learning F University of Toronto F v, f Wieslawa Niziol Massachusetts Institute of Technology Arithmetic Algebraic Geometry F CNRS, École Ruixiang Zhang Normale Supérieure de Lyon F f Romyar Sharifi Harmonic Analysis on Euclidean Spaces, General Funding provided by the Charles Simonyi Arithmetic Geometry F University of California, Locally Symmetric Spaces F Institute for Advanced Endowment Los Angeles F s Study Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Greta Panova and the James D. Wolfensohn Fund Algebraic Combinatorics with Applications in Srimathy Srinivasan Probability, Complexity Theory F University of Algebraic Geometry, Motives, Projective Homogenous Rong Zhou Pennsylvania F vnf Spaces F Institute for Advanced Study Geometry of Shimura Varieties F Institute for Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Advanced Study Lillian B. Pierce Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Analytic Number Theory, Harmonic Analysis F Noah Stephens-Davidowitz Duke University F vnf Computer Science—Lattices, Cryptography F Michal Zydor Funding provided by the Charles Simonyi Institute for Advanced Study F v Automorphic Forms F Institute for Advanced Endowment and the National Science Foundation Study Sara Tukachinsky Funding provided by The Bell Companies Fellowship Toniann Pitassi Symplectic Geometry, Open Gromov-Witten Fund and the National Science Foundation Computational Complexity, Proof Theory F Theory F Institute for Advanced Study F f University of Toronto F vp, f Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Karen Uhlenbeck Aaron Pollack Global Analysis, Integrable Systems F The Number Theory, Automorphic Forms on Exceptional University of Texas at Austin F v Groups F Institute for Advanced Study Schmidt Fellow; supported by Eric and Wendy Dmitry Vaintrob Schmidt Geometric Representation Theory F Institute for Advanced Study Anantharam Raghuram Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Cohomology of Arithmetic Groups, Special Values of Akshay Venkatesh Automorphic L-functions F Indian Institute of Number Theory F Stanford University F dvp Science Education and Research F s Funding provided by the Charles Simonyi Infosys Member Endowment

28 Sanjeev Arora on Establishing a Theoretical Understanding of Machine Learning “It’s kind of like physics in its formative stages—Newton Akshay Venkatesh on the Topology asking what makes the apple fall down,” says Sanjeev Arora, of Locally Symmetric Spaces

Visiting Professor in the School KOMODA DAN In 2017–18, I led a special program about analysis and topol- of Mathematics, trying to explain the current scientific excite- ogy on locally symmetric spaces as a Distinguished Visiting ment about machine learning. “Thousands of years went by Professor in the School of Mathematics. Locally symmetric before science realized it was even a question worth asking. spaces are the home of the Langlands program—a set of An analogous question in machine learning is ‘What makes overarching and interconnected conjectures connecting a bunch of pixels a picture of a pedestrian?’ Machines are representation theory to number theory, first proposed in approaching human capabilities in such tasks, but we lack basic 1967 by Robert Langlands, now Professor Emeritus in the mathematical understanding of how and why they work.” School of Mathematics. These spaces have become a cross- The core idea of machine learning, according to Arora, roads for many different strands of mathematical thought, involves training a machine to search for patterns in data and and the special program placed particular focus on two of improve from experience and interaction. This is very analo- these areas: analysis on locally symmetric spaces and topology gous to classic curve-fitting, a mathematical technique known of locally symmetric spaces. The program was broad and for centuries. Training involves algorithms, the theoretical represented several parallel intellectual directions. For coher- foundations of which are of great interest in mathematics. ence, I will focus on just one theme, which suggests that the Read more about the three-year program in theoretical relationship between the topology of locally symmetric machine learning that Arora has been leading since 2017, spaces and the arithmetic of algebraic varieties is much supported by a $2 million grant from Eric and Wendy Schmidt, richer than expected. Read more at www.ias.edu/ at www.ias.edu/arora-machine-learning. venkatesh-locally-symmetric-spaces.

Robbert Dijkgraaf on Abel Laureate Robert Langlands Robert Langlands was celebrated in Oslo and around the world on May 22, 2018, when H.M. King Harald V presented the 81-year-old mathema­ tician with this year’s Abel Prize, awarded by the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters and known as the Nobel Prize in mathematics.

CLIFF MOORE Langlands, who works in Einstein’s former office, has been a Professor at KOMODA DAN Remembering Vladimir the Institute for Advanced Study for more than forty-five years. He discovered oevodsky V in the late 1960s a deep connection between two completely different parts of On Sunday, October 8, 2017, IAS hosted mathematics: on the one hand, numbers and their relations, on the other hand, a gathering in remembrance of Professor geometrical patterns and their symmetries. You could say that he discovered an Vladimir Voevodsky. Friends, family, Escher print in arithmetic. and the Institute community convened It is difficult to convey the enormous impact of his revolutionary idea. to celebrate the mathematician’s life and Langlands showed how the same formula can originate from two entirely different legacy. Watch Voevodsky’s collaborators worlds of thought. To employ another metaphor: it is as if two chefs cooking and friends give remarks at www.ias.edu/ with two entirely different recipes, ingredients, and methods of preparation, remembering-vladimir-voevodsky. produce exactly the same dish. Read more at www.ias.edu/dijkgraaf-rosetta-stone.

29 Member AHMED ALMHEIRI, seen here speaking on “Quantum Error Correction and the Black Hole Interior,” studies the connections between quantum information theory, quantum field theory, and quantum gravity. School of Natural Sciences

The School of Natural Sciences, established in 1966, supports research in broad areas of astrophysics, systems biology, and theoretical physics. Areas of current interest include investigating the origin and composition of the universe; conducting research at the interface of molecular biology and the physical sciences; and ­elementary particle physics, string theory, quantum theory, and quantum gravity.

Each year the School of Natural Sciences appoints about fifty Members, the majority of them postdoctoral fellows, who are typically FACULTY

at the Institute for three years, some for up to five years. Collaboration is Nima Arkani-Hamed encouraged among Members who work in the School’s many scientific Stanislas Leibler areas—from molecular biology to mathematical physics. Juan Maldacena From its earliest days, the Institute has been a leading center for funda- Carl P. Feinberg Professor mental physics, contributing substantially to many of its central themes, Nathan Seiberg which now interrelate with astrophysics and biology. Areas of current Scott Tremaine interest in theoretical physics include elementary particle physics, string Richard Black Professor theory, quantum theory, and quantum gravity, and their relationship to Edward Witten Charles Simonyi Professor geometry, theoretical and observational astrophysics, and cosmology. Matias Zaldarriaga Research in the School’s astrophysics group encompasses astronomical systems from nearby planets to distant galaxies, from black holes to the PROFESSORS EMERITI dark matter and dark energy that dominate the evolution of the universe. There is a growing cross-fertilization between astrophysics and elementary Stephen L. Adler particle physics, and the work of many Members and Faculty is at the Freeman J. Dyson boundary between these two disciplines. Members in the astrophysics Peter Goddard research group employ an array of tools from theoretical physics, large- Peter Goldreich scale computer simulations, and ground- and space-based observational Arnold J. Levine studies to investigate the origin and composition of the universe, and to use the universe as a laboratory to study fundamental physics. At the Simons Center for Systems Biology, the tools of modern physics and mathematics are being applied to biological investigation, on varying scales, from molecular to organismic, and in some cases focusing on understanding ­disease processes. The School’s collaborative and pioneering approach to the sciences, which extends to the Institute’s School of Mathematics, Princeton University, and the larger scientific community, continues to transform research in these

ANDREA KANE fields and to open opportunities for powerful and important discoveries.

31 Astrophysics of interstellar space. Statistical mechanics was developed in the Clark is also pioneer- nineteenth century by Maxwell, Boltz- ing new ways to mann, and others, and has been widely observe the magnetic applied to describe the behavior of systems field through its influ- such as gases and fluids. Applying these ence on interstellar methods to systems with weak long-range gas. Using observa- forces, such as ionized plasmas or stellar tions of emission from systems—where the dominant forces are atomic hydrogen gas, electromagnetic or gravitational—has Clark recently discov- proved to be much more difficult. Over ered that the structure the past year, a group of researchers at IAS of this gas encodes the including Richard Black Professor Scott degree to which the Tremaine, Member Jihad Touma, and magnetic field is

Members Ben Bar-Or and Jean-Baptiste “tangled,” or disor- ANDREA KANE Fouvry, has focused on this problem. dered, along the line Research by Richard Black Professor SCOTT TREMAINE (right), seen Their results include a general formula- of sight. This work is here with an astrophysics workshop participant, and colleagues suggests a much richer variety of dynamical behavior than has so far been expected in tion of the diffusion equation in stellar not only a new way the dense star clusters found at the centers of most galaxies. systems that generalizes and illuminates to study the galactic the classical­ Landau and Balescu–Lenard magnetic field, but also a novel tool for star merger (GW170817), which was approaches and the first direct determi­ separating galactic­ polarization from followed up by an extensive campaign of nation of the diffusion coefficients for polarization in the residual radiation from electromagnetic observations to elucidate ­resonant relaxation. They have also deter­­ the Big Bang. Clark is building new maps the properties of the subsequent explosion. mined the diffusion coefficients in a dark­­- of the galactic polarization field, clearing During the past year, Professor Matias matter halo composed of hypothetical the way for new discoveries in the polar- Zaldarriaga and Javier Roulet derived axion-like particles having macroscopic ization of the universe’s oldest light. properties of the populations of binary de Broglie wavelengths (“fuzzy dark Maureen and John Hendricks Visiting black holes that can be inferred from the matter”), and have demonstrated that Professor Rashid Sunyaev continues his merger events LIGO has collected so far. ­stellar systems surrounding massive black part-time position as Chief Scientist Members Barack Zackay, Liang Dai, and holes can exhibit first-order and continu- of the Space Research Institute of the Tejaswi Venumadhav Nerella introduced ous phase transitions between a disordered Russian Academy of Sciences. In this a new and vastly more efficient way or ­spherical configuration and an ordered capacity his main focus is the “Spectrum­- to infer the parameters of merging configuration in which the long axes of Roentgen­-Gamma” (SRG) spacecraft, a neutron star and black hole sources from the stellar orbits are aligned. Their results joint ­project of Germany and Russia that gravitational wave data and applied it to suggest a much richer variety of dynamical is scheduled to be launched in spring GW170817. Dai and Member David behavior than has so far been expected in 2019 from Baikonur in Kazakhstan. Radice used the combination of electro- the dense star clusters found at the centers The ­spacecraft is equipped with German magnetic observations and gravitational of most galaxies. and Russian x-ray telescopes, called waves measured for GW170817 together The needle on a compass points eROSITA and ART-XC, and will with data from numerical simulations north because the Earth has a magnetic conduct a four-year survey that is to put the best constraints on the tidal field. Our Milky Way galaxy also has a expected to discover more than three deformability of neutron stars to date. magnetic field that permeates interstellar million supermassive black holes in active Radice used state-of-the-art numerical space, although it is only a few parts galactic nuclei, and all massive clusters relativity simulations to systematically per million as strong as the Earth’s. of galaxies in the observable universe. study the expectations for the mass The ­structure and origin of the galactic ­Sunyaev will lead the scientific analysis ­ejection, ­electromagnetic counterparts, magnetic field are poorly understood. and operation planning for the Russian and nucleosynthesis expected in a binary However, interstellar space is also full share of the survey data. neutron star merger. of dust, and these dust grains, like so LIGO is about to start its third season many tiny compass needles, align with Since the first direct detection of gravita- of observations and many new events are the ambient magnetic field, and emit tional waves by the Laser Interferometer expected in the coming years. ­polarized radiation that encodes the local Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) magnetic field orientation. Member in late 2015, the astrophysics related to Systems Biology Susan Clark is using this polarized gravitational wave sources has occupied Using theoretical approaches originating dust emission, among other data, to many of the Members at IAS. In 2018, in physics, Professor Stanislas Leibler and investigate the magnetic properties LIGO observed the first binary neutron Members working at the Simons Center

32 ALL PHOTOS DAN KOMODA DAN ALL PHOTOS

Left: Hubble Fellow SUSAN CLARK (right), seen here with Bezos Member MARCEL SCHMITTFULL (left), has been using polarized dust emission, among other data, to investigate the magnetic properties of interstellar space and pioneering new ways to observe the galactic magnetic field through its influence on interstellar gas. Right: Professor MATIAS ZALDARRIAGA speaks on gravitational waves from colliding neutron stars and light from heavy elements. for Systems Biology are looking for different environmental conditions into these sequences, such as the preponderance general mechanisms that could operate­ a single unifying picture. of hydrophobic residues in the second across different length and time scales and and ninth positions of the 9-mer across different organizational levels of In the academic year 2017–18, Professor sequences. Additionally, aspects of the biological systems. Emeritus Arnold J. Levine collaborated sequences that involve correlations In cellular systems, interactions that with Research Associate Dmitry Krotov, between simultaneous mutations at determine the dynamics of protein former Member and Visitor Benjamin ­multiple positions along the 9-mer were ­assembly are neither homogeneous (as in Greenbaum, and former Janssen Fellow discovered. The algorithms make it the assembly of simple physical systems Marta Łuksza to apply algorithms—­ ­possible to compress the entire data set such as crystals) nor completely random developed by Krotov and former Visiting of pathogens into a few clusters in such (as in the assembly of vitreous materials); Professor John J. Hopfield using dense a way that sequences within a cluster are rather they are specific, with their associative memories for pattern recogni- more similar to each other than sequences ­specificity determined through evolution. tion as part of a neural networks project ­ from different clusters. Together with Member Pablo Sartori, —to genomics and cancer (see “Dense Together with former Member Chang Leibler continued his work on the so­-called Associative Memory for Pattern Recog- Chan, Levine has been studying the “multifarious assembly” of cellular nition” in Advances in Neural Information genetic modifiers to tumor penetrance proteins. Using a simple equilibrium­ Processing Systems, 2016). This deep learn- in a model of Li-Fraumeni mice with model, they found that the constraint of ing collaboration followed work done by R172H p53 mutation in diverse genetic reliable assembly implies that in order Łuksza, Greenbaum, Levine, and others backgrounds. They have found that for many different protein complexes to to develop a neoantigen fitness model to genetic background can alter the coexist, they must have a heterogeneous predict tumor response to checkpoint ­incidence rate of tumor types such as composition, and use only a small ­fraction blockade immunotherapy (see “A Neo­­ lymphomas, liposarcomas, and angio­ of the proteome. An analysis of publicly antigen Fitness Model Predicts Tumour sarcomas. They sequenced a number available datasets confirmed these Response to Checkpoint Blockade of tumors from these mice models and ­predictions. It would be important now Immunotherapy” in Nature, 2017). The identified different sets of mutations to consider the effects of non­-equilibrium immunogenicity of neoantigens, which selected in different tumor types, phenomena present in the cell. are peptides presented on the surface of ­including loss of heterozygosity (LOH) Together with Long-term Member cancer cells, is believed to be associated of the sex imprinted locus IGF2/H19 BingKan Xue, Leibler developed a theo- with the similarity of their sequence and with loss of maternal chromosomes in retical framework to describe alternative the sequences of common pathogens. In osteosarcomas. The most common adaptation strategies of populations living the study with Krotov, neural network- mechanism for loss of wildtype p53 is in varying environments. This approach based algorithms were used to extract through copy neutral LOH, which occurs is based on environment-to­-phenotype frequently occurring sequence motifs in almost all sarcomas and half of lymph­ mapping, rather than traditionally used from the sequences of common pathogens omas. Although the earliest occurring genotype-to-phenotype mapping. It available in the Immune Epitope Data- ­lymphomas were found in the thymus and manages to bring together different base, revealing that neural networks were of T-cell origin, the majority of ­strategies used by organisms living in discover known biochemical aspects of ­lymphomas were of B-cell origin.

33 DAN KOMODA DAN

CLAY CORDOVA (right), Marvin L. Goldberger Long-term Member, gives a talk moderated by EDWARD WITTEN (left), Charles Simonyi Professor, on topology and physics at Ideas 2017–18. Watch the video at www.ias.edu/cordova-topology-physics.

Theoretical Physics providing the first non-trivial results on cosmological “non-gaussianities” in the Much of Professor Nima Arkani­-Hamed’s scattering amplitudes valid for arbitrarily coming decades. work has revolved around the discovery many particles and accounting for Continuing with the theme of of new mathematical structures in combi- ­quantum “loop” effects to all orders cosmology, in fall 2017, Arkani-Hamed natorics and “positive geometry” that of approximation. extended the connection between appear to have deep connections with the Much of the progress in the under- ­“positive geometries” and physics to very basic physics governing the interplay standing of scattering amplitudes over the cosmology with the introduction of of quantum mechanics and spacetime. past few decades has been driven by what “cosmological polytopes,” which are 2018 saw an extension of these ideas in a can be called the “on-shell, bootstrap” a rough analog of the amplituhedron, number of new directions. philosophy, where amplitudes are deter- for giving a combinatorial/geometric The connection between positive mined by their symmetries and singularity characterization of the wave function of geometry and physics was first seen in the properties, rather than by following the universe in a class of toy cosmologies context of the particle scattering processes, unitary evolution in spacetime a la with interacting scalar fields. In the last where a generalization of polygons­ and ­Feynman diagrams. It is likely that the year, Arkani-Hamed used these objects polytopes known as the “amplituhedron” deepest application of this philosophy to pose and answer a fascinating question was seen to govern the amplitudes of a should manifest in a new approach to about cosmology. The concepts of Lorentz close supersymmetric cousin of the theory cosmology, and Arkani-Hamed took a invariance of local (flat space) physics, and of strong interactions. While this object first step in this direction of “cosmological unitarity of time evolution for particle was introduced about five years ago, the collider physics” together with Maldacena scattering, are famously rigid and robust, exploration of its geometric and physical back in 2015. Arkani-Hamed returned admitting no obvious consistent theoretical content is still in its infancy. Arkani-Hamed to this question more systematically in deformations, and confirmed to incredible took a new step in this direction by fully 2018, giving a complete characterization accuracy by experiments. But neither of characterizing an infinite class of “facets” for the non-trivial “cosmological these notions seem to appear directly in of the amplituhedron that correspond to ­correlations” associated with the simplest describing the spatial correlation functions a canonical set of so-called “deepest cuts” interactions of particles of arbitrary at future infinity characterizing the of the scattering amplitudes, which probe mass and spin coupled during inflation. observables in cosmology. How then the most complicated Feynman diagrams Conceptually, it is fascinating to see how can we see them from a possible ab-initiō that contribute to the amplitude. A apparently intrinsically time-dependent theory for the late-time wave function ­reformulation of the amplituhedron phenomena—like particle production of the universe? Quite beautifully, the based on earlier 2017 work, in terms of during inflation—can be reproduced combinatorics and geometry of a particular combinatorial geometry directly in the from purely “boundary” considerations “scattering facet” of the cosmological physical space of particle trajectories, at future infinity, and the results are also polytope straightforwardly leads to the played a crucial role in understanding this useful as physically correct templates for emergence of Lorentz invariance and geometry and determining the cut, comparing to experimental probes of unitarity for particle scattering.

34 Finally, 2018 saw the emergence of a paper with Alexey Milekhin and Professor Nathan Seiberg continued his two new and unexpected appearances of Fedor Popov, both Princeton University explorations of quantum field theory—a “positive geometries” in the context of students. The configuration looks similar framework combining quantum theory effective field theories and conformal field to a pair of near extremal magnetically with Einstein’s special theory of relativity. theories. Over a decade ago, Arkani- charged black holes. But instead of a Quantum field theory is important in Hamed pointed out new constraints ­horizon, they are joined via a traversable many branches of physics including on low-energy effective field theories, wormhole. The solution can exist ­particle physics, string theory, condensed ultimately arising from causality and the ­according to the ordinary physics of the matter physics, and cosmology, and it leads positivity of probabilities, which forced Standard Model when the black holes are to many insights in mathematics. There is certain low-energy interactions to have very small and very close to each other, at no doubt that we are still very far from a “positive” amplitudes. Given the surprising a distance comparable to the ones that the clear and complete understanding of it. appearance of positivity elsewhere in the Large Hadron Collider is exploring now. Even though our real world has three physics of scattering amplitudes, Arkani- This was based on previous work with spatial dimensions, there is enormous Hamed decided to look again at the Xiaoliang Qi, Junior Visiting Professor interest in studying quantum field theory old positivity properties from this new at IAS, where similar solutions were in other dimensions. The theory in one perspective. Surprisingly, the old positivity shown to exist for simple models of and two spatial dimensions is important properties turn out to be the tip of a large two-dimensional gravity. These solutions also in the study of wires and thin sur­ ­faces, iceberg, and indeed there is yet another arise when interactions between special or boundaries of materials in con­densed positive geometry—the “EFThedron”— quantum systems generate the right matter physics. It is also im­por­tant in that gives an infinite number of non-­ pattern of entanglement (a subtle form describing the evolution of strings, which linear constraints on low-energy amplitudes of quantum correlation). These quantum are one-­dimensional objects. in any theory, and in particular, for the systems are simple enough that they In the past year, Seiberg continued his scattering of electrons, photons, and might be produced in a condensed matter explorations of quantum field theory in ­gravitons in the real world. Finally, these physics laboratory in the near future. two and three spatial dimensions. observations about effective field theories The low energy physics that emerges, With former Member Zohar Komar- strongly suggested looking for a similar including the spectrum, reflects some godski he revisited an old problem of hidden positivity in conformal field symmetries that are also present in the studying the behavior of a theory like ­theories. Indeed, it has long been clear case of geometric wormholes. that of the strong force, but in two spatial that the wonderful successes of the All the examples of dualities between dimensions. They proposed that the “conformal bootstrap” program are related quantum mechanical systems and gravity long­­-distance behavior of that theory to some geometric objects associated theories that come from string theory depends crucially on the number of with “conformal blocks.” Together with involve gauge theories. In the quantum flavors and colors and also on another Member Shu-Heng Shao and others, mechanical case, one can imagine relaxing integer, a Chern–Simons coupling of the Arkani-Hamed discovered that already the gauge constraints and ask whether the gluons. For some range of these three the simplest conformal theories enjoy the corresponding theories also have a gravity integers the long-distance behavior had same hidden total positivity properties as dual. The conclusion of an investigation been known for a while. They proposed seen in the previous examples. This turns with Milekhin shows that they do. Simple a specific novel scenario for the other the conformal bootstrap program into a non-invariant states correspond to minor values. Although this was merely a well-defined and quite beautiful combi- deformations near the boundary of the conjecture, it passed a large number natorial/geometric problem, making it corresponding geometry, but the bulk of of nontrivial consistency checks. Later, possible to make a number of new exact the geometry is the same as for the gauge statements about conformal field theories. invariant states. With Clay Cordova, a long-term FACULTY & EMERITI HONORS In the past year, Carl P. Feinberg Professor­ Member at IAS, as well as with Gustavo J. Freeman Dyson was awarded the Juan Maldacena has been particularly Turiaci, a Princeton University student, Robert Heinlein Memorial Award from interested in traversable wormhole config- Maldacena described a way to put bounds the National Space Society. urations. General relativity­ plus ordinary on the interactions between an operator Juan Maldacena was awarded quantum matter do not allow traversable and two energy momentum tensors. This the Lorentz Medal from the Royal wormholes leading­ to travel faster than was done by noticing that such interac- Netherlands­ Academy of Sciences, and light. Classical physics does not even allow tions would generate an interference the Albert Einstein Medal from the long traversable wormholes, where it takes pattern in the energy depositions­ of a Albert Einstein Society. longer to go through the wormhole than hypothetical collider physics experiment. via the ambient space. However, including By demanding that the total energy is Matias Zaldarriaga was elected a ­quantum effects, one can have such positive, one obtains the desired bound. Member of the National Academy of configuration, as Maldacena showed in Sciences.

35 on the relation between “integrability”­— roughly, the ability to actually solve the equations governing a many-body system­ —­and gauge theory. This relationship, introduced by Costello a few years ago generalizes in an unexpected way the relationship between knot theory, conformal field theory, and Chern– Simons gauge theory that Witten ­discovered thirty years ago. Because of a variety of old and new results on entropy in black hole theory, quantum field theory, and holography, there has been much interest in recent years in computing entanglement entropy in string theory. However, for technical reasons, few computations have

DAN KOMODA DAN been ­available. Witten recently showed Left to Right: Physicist Johanna Erdmenger, Charles Simonyi Professor EDWARD WITTEN, physicist how a version of the “replica trick” can Beate Heinemann, Carl P. Feinberg Professor JUAN MALDACENA, Professor NIMA ARKANI- be used to compute entanglement HAMED, and physicist Kyle Cranmer entropy in open string theory. together with Jaume Gomis, they presented a puzzle about the allowed values of the With IAS Director and Leon Levy related scenarios for other theories, parameters of a popular theory in two Professor Robbert Dijkgraaf, Witten including supersymmetric theories.­ As spatial dimensions (the O(3) sigma model). wrote a paper interpreting in physical with the previous conjectures, these Former Member Daniel Freed, Komar- language several constructions related suggested phases satisfy many consistency godski, and Seiberg clarified that the model to two-dimensional gravity that were conditions and resolve many puzzles. is consistent only for certain values of these discovered by mathematicians in recent Further insight into these conjectures parameters, thus resolving many confusions. years. This article included a tribute to and new applications of them were consid- Finally, Seiberg, along with former the work of the brilliant Iranian mathe- ered with former Member Davide Gaiotto Members Yuji Tachikawa and Kazuya matician and Fields Medalist, Maryam and Komargodski. They showed that the Yonekura, considered an anomaly in the Mirzakhani, former Member in the suggested phases and the phase transitions action of duality. Such an anomaly had School of Mathematics. between them that had been suggested for been studied earlier by Professor Edward In 2018, Witten lectured at the summer theories in two spatial dimensions arise on Witten. The new understanding related program Prospects in Theo­retical Physics domain walls and interfaces in three spatial several distinct anomalies and allowed the at IAS. His lectures have been published dimensions. This understanding provided authors to resolve an apparent discrepancy online (www.ias.edu/witten-pitp-2018) a concrete description of the theory on between previous analyses of the space of to provide accessible introductions to a these domain walls and interfaces and gave super-conformal field theories. number of topics including quantum more evidence for the suggested scenarios. information theory and black hole theory. In order to subject this understanding In 2017–18, Charles Simonyi Professor to further scrutiny, similar theories based Edward Witten made several new obser- Professor Emeritus Stephen L. Adler on other gauge groups were also analyzed. vations about “anomalies” in ­quantum continued activities in three areas Specifically, the behavior of variants of the field theory. Anomalies were discovered of research interest: particle physics, theories based on ortho­gonal gauge groups by Stephen Adler and others around 1970 ­gravitation, and quantum foundations. were analyzed with Long-term Member and play an important role in the transition In the latter, he calculated the rate Clay Cordova and Po-Shen Hsin. These from classical to quantum physics. With of bulk heating­ through coupling to theories presented new subtleties and Xiao-Gang Wen and Member Juven phonons induced by the noise postulated their understanding had surprising conse- Wang, Witten discovered a new “global” in state vector reduction models, showing quences. Among them are new peculiar anomaly in SU(2) gauge theory, and that a frequency cutoff in the noise power properties of time-­reversal symmetry in more recently reinterpreted in terms of ­spectrum can lead to a sharply reduced two spatial dimensions. It turned out that anomalies a construction originally due heating rate. This calculation became these peculiar properties are ubiquitous to Ashoke Sen of non-­super­symmetric the appendix in a paper that Adler and occur in many examples. D-branes in string theory. ­coauthored with the low temperature This set of papers raised a number of With Kevin Costello and Masahito experimental physicist Andrea Vinante, interesting questions. One of them was Yamazaki, Witten continued his work which ­reconciled various bounds on the

36 noise coupling with the preliminary by Charles Darwin. detection of a noise signal in a cantilever Darwin asked the experiment, and which suggested new ­question, why did the bulk heating experiments to place Creator have such an improved bounds. inordinate fondness In particle physics, Adler continued a for beetles? Darwin detailed study of the possibility of using understood that there gauged Rarita–Schwinger spin-3/2 fields is a mismatch between as ingredients in grand unificationtheories. ­ the real world, with In a collaboration with Marc Henneaux its amazing richness and Pablo Pais, he showed that the fully of diverse species— gauge invariant extension of the usual many of them obvi- spin-3/2 theory that he introduced in ously burdened with

earlier work still has problems,­ which are superfluous flowers KOMODA DAN shifted from the sector containing the and feathers—and Professor Emeritus FREEMAN DYSON reads from Maker of Patterns during original fields to the auxiliary field sector the theoretical world a celebration of his book in April. Watch Dyson read several of his personal introduced in the extension. In a later of Darwinian evolu- letters, written to his family about major advances in twentieth-century science, followed by a discussion with Institute Director and Leon Levy paper, Adler studied a model containing a tion, in which only Professor Robbert Dijkgraaf, at www.ias.edu/dyson-maker-patterns. spin-3/2 fermion field directly coupled to the fittest should a spin-1/2 field, in a manner motivated survive. Naively, we should expect ­reproducing species, the genes concerned by the SU(8) theory that he has been Darwinian evolution to result in a world with mating systems mutate more rapidly interested in for several years. This model with a much smaller number of species, than other genes. The faster mutation of eliminates the weak field singularity each selected by superior fitness to be a mating systems causes speciation to be found in the usual gauged spin-3/2 winner in the game of survival. All more rapid. At the cost of lower fertility theory, and permits calculation of the through his life, Darwin was puzzled by for individuals, Nature increases the prob- perturbation theory triangle anomaly. the abundance of weird and wonder­ful ability of rare events in which matched In current work, Adler is analyzing the species that look like losers but still survive. pairs of Adam-and-Eve mutants become free field structure of the coupled model in A key to the beetle paradox was the progenitors of new species. This detail, as a preliminary to an exploration provided by Motoo Kimura with his ­unexpected discovery by Goodenough of whether the model when gauged can neutral theory of evolution. While Darwin enhances the effect of the Kimura neutral spontaneously break chiral symmetry and knew nothing of the work of Mendel, theory, further accelerating speciation and generate a mass for the spin-3/2 field. Kimura knew from Mendel that inheri- enriching the natural ecology. Adler made an extended winter trip to tance is transmitted in discrete units that Dyson’s purpose in surveying the Korea, China, and Singapore­ at which he Mendel called genes. Kimura worked out literature concerning evolution is to find gave talks on the three research areas in the mathematics of speciation in large and out how much of it is fact and how much which he is active, including a colloquium­ small populations. In large populations, is fantasy. on collapse models, and a review of the inheritance is effectively­ continuous, and Dyson’s other main activity this year status of gauging Rarita–Schwinger fields speciation is dominated by Darwinian was the compilation of a book, Maker at the Julian Schwinger Centennial selection. In small populations, inheritance of Patterns (Liveright, 2018). The book Conference in Singapore. is effectively discrete, and speciation is consists of personal letters written by dominated by random jumps without Dyson to his parents and sister from 1941 During the year 2017–18, Professor selection. In the world of nature, small, to 1978, describing events weekly as they Emeritus Freeman Dyson surveyed the genetically isolated populations provide the appeared at the time, with annotations literature concerning biological evolution. most favorable environ­ ­ment for formation and comments added later to explain the Dyson’s interest in this subject began and extinction of species. That is why we context. The letters are history without long ago, through personal contacts with see a high abundance­ of diverse species hindsight. They are a record of Dyson’s biologists Motoo Kimura and Ursula in nature. At the ragged edges of small personal life, the community of scientists Goodenough, who were regarded as populations, where random jumps prevail, in which he was immersed, and the public heretics by the community of orthodox speciation is driven by Kimura’s neutral affairs that he witnessed, undistorted by biologists because their ideas about theory. Of course, Darwin’s theory is still later memory and interpretation. The speciation go counter to conventional true away from the edges, where selection title, Maker of Patterns, is borrowed from wisdom. The result of this survey may or has time to operate on big populations. G. H. Hardy—Dyson’s friend and teacher may not be a publishable review article. A third participant in this debate is at Cambridge University—who in A The main subject of the inquiry is the Ursula Goodenough, who discovered Mathematician’s Apology used these words beetle paradox, originally formulated that, in a large sample of sexually to describe his trade.

37 2017–18 members and visitors f First Term F s Second Term F m Long-term Member F v Visitor F dvp Distinguished Visiting Professor F jvp Junior Visiting Professor F ra Research Associate F j Joint Member School of Mathematics

Ahmed Almheiri Anna Karlsson Mauricio Romo Quantum Field Theory F Institute for Advanced Study Theoretical Physics F Institute for Advanced Study String Theory F Institute for Advanced Study Funding provided by the Swedish Research Council Funding provided by the U.S. Department of Energy and Valentin Assassi the Adler Family Fund Astrophysics F Institute for Advanced Study Alexander A. Kaurov Martin A. and Helen Chooljian Founders’ Circle Member Astrophysics, Cosmology F Institute for Advanced Study Thomas Rudelius Schmidt Fellow; supported by Eric and Wendy Schmidt Theoretical Physics F Institute for Advanced Study Ben Bar-Or Carl P. Feinberg Founders’ Circle Member; additional Astrophysics F Institute for Advanced Study Shota Komatsu funding provided by the National Science Foundation Schmidt Fellow; supported by Eric and Wendy Schmidt Quantum Field Theory F Institute for Advanced Study Funding provided by the U.S. Department of Energy Marcel Manfred Schmittfull J. Richard Bond Cosmology F Institute for Advanced Study Astrophysics, Cosmology F Canadian Institute for Dmitry Krotov Bezos Member; additional funding provided by the National Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto F s Biology F Institute for Advanced Study F ra Science Foundation Funding provided by the Raymond and Beverly Sackler Foundation Fund Paul Langacker Shu-Heng Shao F F Particle Physics Institute for Advanced Study v Physics F Institute for Advanced Study Horacio Casini Zurich Insurance Company Member; additional funding Doug Lin Quantum Field Theory F Centro Atómico Bariloche, provided by the National Science Foundation F F Argentina F v, f Astronomy, Astrophysics Lick Observatory f IBM Einstein Fellow Marko Simonović Susan E. Clark Cosmology F Institute for Advanced Study Jennifer Lin Astrophysics F Institute for Advanced Study Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Space Telescope Science Institute Hubble Fellow Particle Physics F Institute for Advanced Study William D. Loughlin Member; additional funding provided Marcus Spradlin Matthew Coleman by the U.S. Department of Energy Theoretical Physics F Brown University Astrophysics F Institute for Advanced Study Funding provided by the National Science Foundation and NASA Matthew Low Douglas Stanford F Particle Physics Institute for Advanced Study Theoretical Physics F Institute for Advanced Study F m Clay Cordova Funding provided by the U.S. Department of Energy Funding provided by the Simons Foundation Theoretical Physics F Institute for Advanced Study F m Marvin L. Goldberger Member; additional funding provided Raghu Mahajan Rashid Sunyaev F F by the U.S. Department of Energy Quantum Field Theory Princeton University v Astrophysics F Max-Planck Institute für Astrophysik F dvp Maureen and John Hendricks Visiting Professor Bartlomiej Stanislaw Czech Ryan Miranda F Theoretical Physics F Stanford University Astrophysics Institute for Advanced Study Yuan-Sen Ting Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Funding provided by the National Science Foundation and Cosmology F Institute for Advanced Study and NASA Harvard University Liang Dai Martin A. and Helen Chooljian Member Cosmology F Institute for Advanced Study Prahar Mitra NASA Einstein Fellowship Program Quantum Field Theory F Institute for Advanced Study Jihad Touma Funding provided by the U.S. Department of Energy Applied Mathematics, Astrophysical Dynamics F Michael Dine American University of Beirut F f Theoretical Particle Physics F University of California, Timothy Morton F F Santa Cruz F s Astrophysics Princeton University v Ken Van Tilburg Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Particle Physics F Institute for Advanced Study Tejaswi Venumadhav Nerella AMIAS Member Jean-Baptiste Fouvry Cosmology, Astrophysics F Institute for Advanced Study Astrophysics F Institute for Advanced Study Schmidt Fellow; supported by Eric and Wendy Schmidt and Tomer Volansky Space Telescope Science Institute Hubble Fellow the W.M. Keck Foundation Fund Particle Physics F Tel Aviv University Funding provided by The Ambrose Monell Foundation Yvonne Geyer Kantaro Ohmori F Particle Physics F Institute for Advanced Study Quantum Field Theory, String Theory Institute for Anastasia Volovich Roger Dashen Member; additional funding provided by the Advanced Study High-Energy Theory F Brown University National Science Foundation Funding provided by the National Science Foundation IBM Einstein Fellow

Vera Gluscevic Pavel Putrov Juven Chun-Fan Wang F Cosmology, Astrophysics F Institute for Advanced Study Theoretical Physics Institute for Advanced Study Theoretical Physics F Institute for Advanced Study Schmidt Fellow; supported by Eric and Wendy Schmidt Funding provided by the U.S. Department of Energy Funding provided by the Corning Glass Works Foundation Fellowship Fund and the National Science Foundation Alexander Goncharov Xiaoliang Qi Arithmetic Algebraic Geometry, Lie Groups, Theoretical Physics F Stanford University F jvp BingKan Xue Funding provided by the Fund for Memberships in Representations F Yale University F j, f Biology F Institute for Advanced Study F m Natural Sciences Eric and Wendy Schmidt Member in Biology Guy Gur-Ari David Radice Theoretical Physics F Institute for Advanced Study Ellis Ye Yuan Astrophysics F Institute for Advanced Study Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Theoretical Physics F Institute for Advanced Study Frank and Peggy Taplin Member Funding provided by the U.S. Department of Energy Adrian Hamers Roman Rafikov Astrophysics F Institute for Advanced Study Barak Zackay Astrophysics F University of Cambridge The Peter Svennilson Membership Astrophysics F Institute for Advanced Study Infosys Member James Colin Hill Daniel A. Roberts Theoretical Physics F Institute for Advanced Study Cosmology F Institute for Advanced Study and Columbia University Funding provided by the National Science Foundation and Friends of the Institute for Advanced Study Member the Paul Dirac Fund

38 Edward Witten on the Nature of Reality Among the brilliant theorists cloistered in the quiet woodside campus of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey,

Edward Witten stands out as ANDREA KANE a kind of high priest. The Marta Łuksza on Predicting JEAN SWEEP/QUANTA MAGAZINE JEAN SWEEP/QUANTA sole physicist ever to win Response to Immunotherapy the Fields Medal, mathematics’ premier prize, Witten is also known for We attempted to model how the immune system discovering M-theory, the leading candidate for a unified physical “theory of recognizes a tumor and how that affects a tumor’s everything.” A genius’s genius, Witten is tall and rectangular, with hazy eyes evolution under therapy, in simple mathematical and an air of being only one-quarter tuned in to reality until someone terms. Currently, in limited available­ datasets, we draws him back from more abstract thoughts. Read more of a Quanta are able to predict which patients are likely to Magazine interview with Witten by IAS Director’s Visitor Natalie have a positive outcome to therapy. By capturing Wolchover at www.ias.edu/witten-quanta-physicist. the most fundamental properties, we also gain valuable insight into paths for improving current Ahmed Almheiri on the treatments. Read more about the first mathe- Black Hole Firewall matical model to predict how a cancer patient will respond to immunotherapy developed by Paradox former Janssen Fellow Marta Łuksza, former The best way to understand something Member Benjamin Greenbaum, Professor is to first start out confused. The prime Emeritus Arnold Levine, and collaborators at example for where there is a lot of confu- www.ias.edu/simons-immunotherapy-model. sion is to understand what happens when you add quantum mechanics with gravity

in the context of black holes. Stephen Hawking showed that when you do that, KEVIN BIRCH you get the information problem. We Ahmed Almheiri signs the Institute tried to address that, and we got the Register, a multi-volume collection of signatures from visiting scholars, ­firewall paradox. Read more at www.ias. NASA, ESA, D. COE, BROAD­ N. BENITEZ, T. AND H. FORD HURST, starting with Albert Einstein in 1933. edu/almheiri-firewall-paradox. Vera Gluscevic on Dark Matter When I was a graduate student at Caltech, Juan Maldacena on Black Holes, Quantum Annika Peter, a senior postdoc at the time, nformation and pacetime I , S made a descriptive comparison between the The goal is to understand how quantum information travels through space­ universe and a cupcake: “The dough that time. In fact, we think that the geometry of spacetime itself is reflecting makes up most of it, that’s the dark energy. properties of this quantum information. Ultimately, we want to understand a The icing is dark matter. And the sprinkles on black hole as a system that obeys the rules of quantum mechanics, and how top—that’s all the ordinary matter that we those rules are consistent with the know and love.” At the Institute, I study the rules of gravity. They seem to be dark matter “icing” that keeps together all the very different, and there are some stars and galaxies with its gravity, but does little paradoxes that haven’t been resolved else—it does not seem to emit or absorb light, yet. We are trying to understand how nor do its constituents seem to collide much the view of black holes as a quantum with ordinary particles. Specifically, I design computer is consistent and compatible and apply new ways to probe this mysterious with the view of black holes that comes substance, using a combination of theoretical from Einstein’s theory of general and analysis tools, and data from a variety of relativity. Read more at www.ias. observations and measurements. Read more at

edu/maldacena-quantum-info. ANDREA KANE www.ias.edu/gluscevic-dark-matter.

39 Member CHITRALEKHA DHAMIJA (left) and James D. Wolfensohn Professor DIDIER FASSIN (right) during a discussion of readings on “Decolonizing the Social Sciences,” part of the “The Social Sciences in a Changing World” theme for 2017–18 School of Social Science

Founded in 1973, the School of Social Science is devoted to a multidisciplinary and international approach to the analysis of societies, social change, and social problems. Every year a theme is chosen to provide coherence to the collective work undertaken, although other areas of research are also welcome. For 2017–2018, the theme was “The Social Sciences in a Changing World.” In total, twenty-five members and eleven visitors participated in the activities of the School.

Over the past century and a half, social scientists have conducted research on a multiplicity of topics and societies, including the FACULTY

worlds of science and technology, but similar investigation into their own Didier Fassin disciplines had been relatively limited until recent years. Indeed, the James D. Wolfensohn Professor social studies of science, broadly speaking, have been primarily focused on the natural sciences, be they physical or biological. In the past decade, PROFESSORS EMERITI

however, social scientists have begun to examine various aspects of the Joan Wallach Scott social sciences, including their politics and practices, their epistemologies Michael Walzer and methods, their institutionalization and professionalization, their national development and colonial expansion, their heterogeneous global- ization and local contestations, and their public presence and role in society. Strikingly, this trend has been concomitant with a reconfiguration of the landscape in which the social sciences are inscribed, a reshaping of their borders with neighboring fields, and a contestation of some of their foun- dations. In particular, they have come under increasing pressure from cognitive and evolutionary sciences as well as method-driven and big data approaches, which formulate new claims to understand society, while their funding, political support, and social credibility have been threat- ened in many countries. It is therefore an interesting and challenging time to engage in what is in fact a “social science of the social sciences.” The examination of the stakes of this reflexive moment was coordinated jointly by Didier Fassin, James D. Wolfensohn Professor, and Visiting Professor George Steinmetz, Charles Tilly Collegiate Professor of Sociology at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Are the social sciences one discipline or a fragmented domain of research? Is there a unified universal paradigm or do national specificities exist? Does private or public funding influence their development, or do they remain independent of external determinations? How do they relate

DAN KOMODA DAN with competing approaches to the world, be they scientific or not? What

41 ALL PHOTOS DAN KOMODA DAN ALL PHOTOS

Left: Deutsche Bank Member NICHOLAS GUILHOT, a historian of political thought, participates in a social science seminar. Right: Visitor YVONNE CHIU studies authoritarianism in East Asia, particularly as it relates to censorship, material accumulaton, and anomie.

interactions are there between their but also, and perhaps even more the justice system, and the correctional evolution and the transformations of crucially, the way we understand our apparatus. This critical approach leads contemporary societies? Based on the societies and the challenges they face. to a radical reformulation of the theory collaboration of an international group The program was based on discussions of punishment. Parts of the research of scholars from across the social of readings as well as invitation of guest were presented at the University of sciences and humanities, including speakers. An edited volume gathering Pennsylvania and at the Conference for history, sociology, anthropology, philos- the most significant contributions to the the Tenth Anniversary of the Ombuds- ophy, economics, political theory, and theme is in preparation. man for Prisons in the French Senate. political science, this ambitious project Besides his involvement in this The Adorno Lectures were published thus explored a broad variety of topics program, Didier Fassin worked on two as Life: A Critical User’s Manual (Polity, which have in common to enlighten books based on two series of lectures, 2018). The argument is that, whereas not only the work of social scientists which are being translated into German, the social sciences and humanities have Italian, Spanish, and Chinese. abandoned for more than a century The Tanner Lectures on Human the project to think of life in its dual Values gave birth to The Will to Punish dimension—that is, the living and FACULTY & EMERITI HONORS (Oxford University Press, 2018), the lived, or the biological and the including comments by David W. biographical—it is possible and even Didier Fassin received the NOMIS Garland, Rebecca M. McLennan, and necessary to combine them. Three Distinguished Scientist 2018 Award, Bruce Western. The essay takes for its analytical tools reinterpreted from which is presented to exceptional scholars, starting point the contemporary puni- ­philosophical works are proposed to supporting them in their exploration of tive moment, with its unprecedented that end: forms of life, ethics of life, unconventional academic paths and increase in the carceral population and politics of life. In light of ethnog- therefore inciting new directions in worldwide, but proposes to go beyond raphies conducted over more than two science. He is the first social scientist to it by asking three fundamental questions: decades on three continents on human- be granted this award, which will enable What is punishment? Why do we punish? itarian programs and law enforcement, him to develop an international research Who gets punished? The definition, asylum seekers and undocumented program titled “Crisis: A Global Inquiry justification, and distribution of migrants, AIDS patients and orphans, into the Contemporary Moment.” ­retribution have been mostly discussed as well as of historical and sociological The University of Edinburgh awarded by moral philosophers and legal scholars sources, the essay unveils the troubling Joan Wallach Scott an Honorary who have provided normative answers. tensions in the way contemporary soci- Doctorate of Science in recognition of The social sciences offer a different set eties treat human beings. This research her distinguished contribution to critical of responses by confronting what ought was presented as Lezione Magistralis at history, gender studies, and academic to be with what actually is, based on the University of Bologna. freedom. empirical observations on the police, The long-term program on morality

42 was the object of an extensive presenta- administration. Each screening, which ethnographic representations shaped tion in the context of the Henri Janne was open to the larger Princeton policy led Steinmetz to examine the Chair to which Fassin was appointed at community, was followed by a determinants of those representations. the Free University of Brussels and of a ­discussion with a scholar benefiting Steinmetz explored parallel questions specific discussion of resentment for the from an expertise on the history and in The Politics of Method in the Human inaugural Raphael Lemkin Lecture at current situation of the country. Sciences (Duke University Press, 2005) Rutgers, the State University of New In addition to helping Professor and Sociology and Empire (Duke Univer- Jersey. The reflection conducted on the Fassin run the theme seminar and sity Press, 2013). The forthcoming book public presence of social science served ­coediting a volume with him, Visiting examines the production of social as the theme of a lecture given at the Professor George Steinmetz continued science in British, French, and Belgian Max Planck Institute for Social Anthro- his research into the history, sociology, colonies between 1930 and decoloniza- pology and a lecture delivered at the and philosophy of the social sciences. tion. Nearly half of the sociologists in Collège de France on global health. Steinmetz’s research in 2017­–18 these European countries worked in In preparation of the new research focused on completing his book the colonies. The central concepts and program related to the NOMIS Distin- ­“Colonial Sociology: Sociologists in methodologies of postwar French and guished Scientist Award, the theme of the British and French Empires and the British sociology were invented in the “crisis” was the matter of a graduate Founding of an Academic Discipline, colonies and then exported back to the course at Princeton University and of a 1940s–1960s.” This grew out of his metropoles. This included Pierre Bour- one-week doctoral seminar at the École previous work, which showed that dieu’s central theories of “social fields” des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales precolonial representations of non-­ and “habitus.” “Colonized” sociologists in Paris. Finally, Fassin was invited as a Europeans guided the European co-created these sociological constructs. Visiting Professor to present his work at ­administration of colonized subjects. Steinmetz conducted other studies in the University of Electronic Science These representations were heteroge- the history of social science, publishing and Technology of China in Chengdu, neous, however. Therefore, colonizers articles on American sociology and the Tongji University in Shanghai, and had to select particular ideas as guides colonialism, the shifting relations the Normal University in Beijing. for their policymaking. Ongoing between historians and sociologists in Apart from this research, a film series ­struggles between different groups of twentieth-century Germany and France, titled “From the Banned Countries” administrators inside the colonial state and (with Member Johan Heilbron),­ on was organized with Marcia Tucker, determined which ideas were turned Pierre Bourdieu. Historical Studies and Social Science into “native policy.” Steinmetz also pursued his research librarian. It presented outstanding These findings—the impact on on the philosophy of social science, documentaries from the six countries policy of precolonial images and writing on the concepts of contingency, that were initially subject to an immi- ­struggles among colonial officials—led crisis, and historicism, as part of a gration ban imposed by the Trump to new research questions. The fact that future book on “critical historical socio-analysis.” He brought a group of specialists to IAS to launch a book series, “Post-Positivist Social Science,” with the University of Chicago Press. He coedited a volume with Timothy Rutzou, Critical Realism, History, and Philosophy in the Social Sciences, which appeared in 2018. As Chair of the Comparative and Historical Sociology section of the American Sociological Association, Steinmetz organized a series of panels at the 2017 and 2018 annual meetings, developed a blog on “Critical Historical Sociology,” and wrote a series of short articles for the section’s newsletter. He organized a daylong conference at the University of Pennsylvania on

DAN KOMODA DAN “The Crisis of History and the History Visiting Professor GEORGE STEINMETZ (left) conducted a study in the history of social science of Crisis,” which took place in focused on Pierre Bourdieu with Member JOHAN HEILBRON (right). August 2018.

43 Steinmetz lectured at Princeton question of what it means to say tension between freedom and equality University, the London School of “history will be the judge,” Scott will for meetings in Italy and France. Walzer Economics and Political Science, the examine some key moments during was invited by the editors of Foreign Hamburg Institute for Social Research, which that judgment was meant to be Affairs to write about whistle-blowing, and the Royal Netherlands Academy enacted. The project involves reading a and he worked on that for some time, of Arts and Sciences. He gave several good deal in theories and philosophies benefiting greatly from lunch conversa- lectures and seminars at IAS on topics of history, as well as about the way tions with Members in the School. The such as “What is the Difference moralism functions in our ideas of law piece was published as “Just and Unjust Between the Social Sciences, Natural and justice. It includes a look at actual Leaks”—not his title. Walzer also began Sciences, and the Humanities?” “Using attempts to put this notion of history’s work on the rules of engagement for Bourdieu for the Historical Sociology judgment into effect in the course of police officers (contrasted with the rules of the Social Sciences,” and “How and the twentieth century. for soldiers, on which he has written Why Do We Write the History of the In addition to this research, Scott over many years), and this work will Social Sciences?” gave a number of talks related to her continue into 2018–19. This is a subject During 2017–18, Professor Emerita new book, Sex and Secularism (Princeton of interest to others in the School— Joan Wallach Scott began work on a University Press, 2017), and to the and of interest generally, given the new project, tentatively titled “The publication of the thirtieth anniversary ­“militarization” of the police in many Judgment of History.” Taking up the edition of her Gender and the Politics of communities across the United States. History. She also edited a series of her Finally, Walzer has continued to work essays on academic freedom, coming on The Jewish Political Tradition. The third A Scholar at Risk was out in 2019 under the title Knowledge, volume in that series, on Community, supported by the School of Social Power, and Academic Freedom (Columbia came out in May 2018 (Yale University Science with the Institute of Internat­ University Press). She received an Press), and Walzer and colleagues hope ional Education Scholar Rescue Fund ­honorary degree from the University of to finish the fourth and last volume for the third consecutive year. Gubad Edinburgh, and she lectured at a number in the next three years. Walzer met Ibadoghlu, a political economist who is of universities in the United States, and ­regularly with several Members to talk a researcher at Azerbaijan State University at the Université de Paris 8 as well as in about religion and politics,­ though that and the chairman of the Movement for Edinburgh. Scott gave keynote addresses was far from the School’s theme for the Democracy and Welfare in Azerbaijan, at conferences on gender in Bogotá, year. His book A Foreign Policy for the worked on a comparative study of Colombia, and Quito, Ecuador. Left was published by Yale University extractive industries in South Caucasus Professor Emeritus Michael Walzer Press in January 2018—a political, not and Central Asia, analyzing how the spent the academic year 2017­–18 an academic book, although several of politics of natural resources hindered ­working on some old topics and some the chapters originally appeared in democratic processes in the region. new ones. He wrote a lecture on the academic journals. ALL PHOTOS DAN KOMODA DAN ALL PHOTOS

Left: Friends Member JACOB S. T. DLAMINI (left) studies the social and political history of conservation in Africa. Right: Professor Emerita JOAN WALLACH SCOTT (left) and Member AYŞE PARLA (right) participate in a panel discussion, “A Refuge for Scholars: Contemporary Challenges in Historical Perspective.”

44 ALL PHOTOS DAN KOMODA DAN ALL PHOTOS Members KRISTOFFER KROPP (left), BREGJE VAN EEKELEN (center), SARA FARRIS (right), and MIRIAM KINGSBERG KADIA (far right) participate in a lunchtime seminar titled “A Field of European Social Science?”

2017–18 members and visitors f First Term F s Second Term F v Visitor F vp Visiting Professor

Ayten Alkan Nicolas Guilhot Ayşe Parla Urban Studies, Critical Animal Studies F Institute History of Political Thought F CNRS, Center for Anthropology F Sabanci University F v for Advanced Study International Research in the Humanities and Social Sciences Silvia Pasquetti Johanna K. Bockman Deutsche Bank Member Sociology F Newcastle University Sociology F George Mason University F v Johan Heilbron Amín Pérez Yvonne Chiu Sociology F École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociology F Centre Européen de Sociologie et de Political Science F Institute for Advanced Study F v Science Politique, Université Paris 1 Sociales, Paris Charly Coleman Louise and John Steffens Founders’ Circle Member Lawrence Rosen Intellectual and Cultural History; Eighteenth-century Julia C. Hell Anthropology F Princeton University F v France F Columbia University European Historical Cultural Studies F University of Janick Marina Schaufelbuehl Deutsche Bank Member F Michigan, Ann Arbor v History of International Relations F Université de Peter Coviello Gubad Ibadoghlu Lausanne American Literature, Queer Studies, Political Roger W. Ferguson, Jr., and Annette L. Nazareth Economics, Political Sociology F The Economic Theology F University of Illinois at Chicago Member Research Centre of Azerbaijan F v Alice Crary Funding provided by the Institute of International Mehdi Shadmehr Philosophy F The New School for Social Research Education Scholar Rescue Fund Political Economy of Authoritarian Regimes, Revolution and Regime Change, Repression and Anne-Claire Defossez Miriam Kingsberg Kadia History of Modern Japan, Global History, History of Censorship, Leadership, and Ideology F University of Sociology F Institute for Advanced Study F v Calgary Knowledge F University of Colorado, Boulder Chitralekha Dhamija Richard B. Fisher Member Kristoffer Kropp Anthropology F Jawaharlal Nehru University Carel E. Smith Sociology F Roskilde University Paul DiMaggio Law and Philosophy F Universiteit Leiden F v Nicolas Langlitz Sociology F New York University George Steinmetz Anthropology, History of Science F The New School Princeton Foundation for Peace & Learning Founders’ History, Philosophy, and Sociology of the Social and Circle Member for Social Research Deborah Lunder and Alan Ezekowitz Founders’ Circle Human Sciences F University of Michigan, Ann Jacob S. T. Dlamini Member Arbor F vp Social and Political History of Conservation in Africa F Peter D. Thomas Princeton University Tomaž Mastnak Political Philosophy, History of Political Thought F Friends of the Institute for Advanced Study Member History of Social and Political Thought F Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Brunel University Bregje van Eekelen Arts F v Shatema Threadcraft Anthropology, History F Erasmus University John Lardas Modern Political Science F Dartmouth College Rotterdam Ralph E. and Doris M. Hansmann Member Religious Studies F Franklin & Marshall College Jean-Louis Fabiani Everett Yuehong Zhang Historical Sociology of the Social Sciences F Central Álvaro Morcillo-Laiz Anthropology F Institute for Advanced Study F v European University International Relations, Political Sociology, History of Funding provided by the Florence Gould Foundation Social Sciences F Centro de Investigación y Andrew Zimmerman Fund Docencia Económicas, Mexico City Transnational History F The George Washington Wolfensohn Family Member University Sara Farris AMIAS Member Sociology F Goldsmiths, University of London F v Paulina Ochoa Espejo Political Theory F Haverford College Agata Zysiak Historical Sociology F University of Łódź, Poland

45 Michael Walzer on “Just and Unjust Leaks” All governments, all political parties, and all politicians keep secrets and tell lies. Some lie more than others, and those differences are important, but the practice is general. And some lies and secrets may be justified, whereas others may not. Citizens, therefore, need to know the difference between just and MARCHANTE/REUTERS ROBERT unjust secrets and between just and unjust deception before they can decide when it may be justifiable for someone to reveal the secrets or expose the lies—when leaking confidential information, releasing classified documents, or blowing the whistle on misconduct may be in the public Joan Wallach Scott on interest or, better, in the interest of democratic government. Read more Sex and Secularism of Walzer’s article in Foreign Affairs at www.ias.edu/walzer-leaks. Attention to secularism has again entered ­popular discourse as part of the “clash of ­civilizations” rhetoric. Of course, there is a Didier Fassin on Life long history of academic study of seculariza- How can one think of life in its dual tion, the processes by which European states expression—matter and experience, are said to have brought organized religion the living and the lived? Philosophers under their control, introduced bureaucratic and, more recently, social scientists have management and technical calculation into offered multiple answers to this question, their governing operations, and justified often privileging one expression or the their sovereignty in terms of republican or other—the biological or the biographical. democratic theory, that is, as representatives of But can one conceive of them together the mandate of those considered citizens, not and thus reconcile naturalist and as the embodiment of God’s will. Secularism ­humanist approaches? It is possible to has been taken to be synonymous with these do so by mobilizing three concepts: processes; the historical triumph of enlighten- forms of life, ethics of life, and politics ment over religion. But in its recent usage, of life. In Life: A Critical User’s Manual, The book’s cover image, Angelus it has had a simpler referent as the positive Novus, was painted by Paul Klee in Didier Fassin explores the pieces of this ­alternative, not to all religion but to Islam. In 1920. Walter Benjamin, who wrote anthropological composition, which, this discourse secularism guarantees freedom profound reflections on life, and once assembled like in Georges Perec’s and gender equality while Islam is synonymous found in Angelus an inspiration for jigsaw puzzle, reveals a perplexing several of his own works, owned with oppression. Read more at www.ias.edu/ the painting until his tragic death image: that of unequal lives. Read scott-sex-secularism. fleeing the Nazi regime. more at www.ias.edu/fassin-life.

George Steinmetz on Writing the History of the Social Sciences Why should we write the history and sociology of the social sciences? Some have suggested that putting science under the sociological microscope is self-indulgent and dangerously ­relativist. Others murmur that only those who can’t do science study science. Ernst Wilhelm Eschmann, a Nazi sociologist, wrote in 1934 that a science that makes itself into its object of study, that studies “its relations and boundaries with other sciences, its epistemology, methods, and history,” represents “the symptom of a profound sickness of an entire culture,” a “pathology of scientificity.” Few nowadays would be inclined to agree with a Nazi scientist. Yet these criticisms should not go unanswered, especially in an age when scholars are insistently called upon to demonstrate the usefulness of their work. The historical sociology of social science is useful. It is a necessary part of all social science. Read more at www.ias.edu/steinmetz-history-social-sciences.

46 Sara Farris on #MeToo #MeToo has been such a big catalyst­ for what looks every day more like the emergence of a new feminist movement, because it speaks to KOMODA DAN women across the class, race, and sexuality Shatema Threadcraft on Spectacular divides. The movement points to the fact that lack eath sexual harassment and violence in many ways B D functions as a “great equalizer” among women How might a politics centered on spectacular black death marginalize because the overwhelming majority of us have the concerns of black women? Shatema Threadcraft, Ralph E. and Doris experienced it in some form, regardless of our M. Hansmann Member in the School of Social Science, explored this ­backgrounds. Read more of Farris’s article in question during Ideas 2017–18 with James D. Wolfensohn Professor Al Jazeera at www.ias.edu/farris-metoo. Didier Fassin. Watch more at www.ias.edu/threadcraft-black-death.

Bregje van Eekelen on Discipline and Creativity How did creativity arise as an object of scientific inquiry? On April 6, 1960, Institute for Advanced Study Director Robert Oppenheimer received a letter from psycholo- gist John E. Drevdahl, requesting his support in setting up a study among IAS Members to assess the factors LIFE MAGAZINE that made them In the June 11, 1956 issue of Life magazine, members of the U.S. Navy are seen participating in programs designed to creative. … While it stimulate creative thinking. is easy to relate to Drevdahl’s intuition that the military and industry were not the most suitable places to capture creative thinking, it was in those very places that creativity theories and techniques were flourishing in the United States at the time. My research project on the social history of creativity shows that in the decade preceding the correspondence, processes to garner new ideas and techniques to think “beyond” existing bodies of knowledge became an object of professional interest in a contact zone of industry, the military, and academia. Read more at www.ias.edu/van-eekelen-discipline-creativity.

47 The Crossing choir performing in Wolfensohn Hall Special Programs and Outreach

The Institute for Advanced Study is committed to the idea that science and learning transcend all geographic boundaries and scholastic disciplines, and that scholars and ­scientists are members of one commonwealth of the mind. It engages with the greater Princeton community through ­public lectures, concerts, and events, and extends its ­influence beyond academia through innovative programs designed to inspire and educate.

Beyond the work that takes place in the four Schools, the Institute’s scope is broadened and enhanced by its special programs, which contribute SPECIAL PROGRAMS much to the vitality of the Institute. Program in The Program in Interdisciplinary Studies, directed by Professor Piet Hut, Interdisciplinary Studies explores ways of viewing the world that span a range of disciplines from Director’s Visitors computational astro­physics, geology, and paleontology to artificialintelligence, ­ cognitive psychology, and philosophy. Artist-in-Residence The Director’s Visitor program enables the Director to invite scholars from a Program variety of fields, including areas not represented within the four Schools, to OUTREACH participate in the range of intellectual and social activities at the Institute. The Artist-in-Residence Program was established in 1994 to create a musical IAS/Park City ­presence within the Institute community, and to have in residence a person whose Mathematics Institute work could be experienced and appreciated by scholars from all ­disciplines. Program for Women and Artists-in-Residence have included Robert Taub, Jon Magnussen, Paul Moravec, Mathematics Derek Bermel, Sebastian Currier, and, as of 2016, David Lang. Prospects in Theoretical The Institute also engages in outreach beyond its local community. Since Physics 1994, the IAS/Park City Mathematics Institute has integrated mathematics Summer Program in educators, researchers, and students through innovative programs. The ­Program Social Science for Women and Mathematics, sponsored jointly with Princeton University, provides substantive mathematics content as well as practical encouragement Digital Scholarship@IAS for women to pursue careers in the field of mathematics. The School of Natural Sciences sponsors Prospects in Theoretical Physics, a two-week residential summer program held at the Institute for exceptionally prom­ising graduate students and postdoctoral scholars. The Summer Program in Social Science, led by Professor Didier Fassin, is an interdisciplinary initiative for early-career scholars from Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America, which aims to enrich and expand the realm of social sciences through the confrontation of different intellectual traditions and perspectives. A Digital Scholarship@IAS initiative was formed in 2016 to accelerate the pace of research across disciplines and geographic locations by offering Faculty and Members new tools and technologies to gather and process large amounts

ANDREA KANE of data, visualize the results, and make the data and results openly available.

49 SPECIAL PROGRAMS PROGRAM IN INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES LEFT, THOMAS CLARKE; MIDDLE, AMY RAMSEY CLARKE; MIDDLE, THOMAS LEFT,

The main focus of Professor Piet Hut, head of the Institute’s Program Left: A main focus of Professor PIET HUT (far right), in Interdisciplinary Studies, has been a study of the origins of novelty has been a study of the origins of novelty throughout the history of the universe, specifically the origins and nature throughout the history of the universe, specifically the origins and nature of cognition. Center: From left to right, Visitors OHAD of cognition. NACHTOMY, OLAF WITKOWSKI, and YUKO The three greatest forms of novelty have been the origin of the universe ISHIHARA. Right: The Meta Institute for Computational itself, in the Big Bang; the origin of life on Earth and likely elsewhere in Astrophysics, cofounded by Piet Hut in Second Life, the first professional scientific organization based in a virtual world the universe; and the origin of consciousness. Of these three, the first one stands out as having provided the cosmic stage on which everything else 2017–18 visitors plays out, while the last one provided the means of describing the stage and f First Term F s Second Term the plays that are performed on it. Henderson (Jim) Cleaves The second one, the origin of life, played a central role in enabling the Chemistry F Carnegie Institution for Science third one, in that the origin of life is also the origin of making choices: the Yentl Dudink very first living cell needed to distinguish food from non-food in order to Social Sciences F Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam F s function, grow, and multiply. Therefore, the origin of life was at the same Ayako Fukui time the origin of cognition, albeit in a very elementary form. One could Harmonic Analysis F ARAYA Brain Imaging also say that it is the origin of awareness. In some sense a living cell is aware Yuko Ishihara of what it needs from its surroundings, in ways that, say, clouds or rivers or Philosophy F Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of volcanoes are not. Technology Hut embarked on a book project on the origins of novelty, tentatively Barnaby Marsh titled “The Innovation Circle: Emergent Order in Cognition and in the Evolutionary Dynamics F Harvard University World,” in collaboration with Eric Smith, a physicist at the Earth-Life Ohad Nachtomy Science Institute in Tokyo, a research center that Hut and colleagues History of Philosophy and Science F Bar-Ilan University founded six years ago. Another book project, tentatively titled “Open Michael Th. Rassias Mind, Open World,” arose from a long-term collaboration between Mathematical Analysis, Analytic Number Theory F Universität Zürich F f Hut and Dan Zahavi, a philosopher of phenomenology at the University Peter Rood of Copenhagen. Complex Systems, Philosophy F YHouse, Inc. F f As the head of the Program in Interdisciplinary Studies, Hut has led the Michael Solomon After Hours Conversations series of regular “bar talks,” in which speakers Bioethics F Institute for Advanced Study from each of the four Schools give ten-minute talks, followed by informal Arpita Tripathi discussions, a popular program that he started ten years ago with Professor International Development, Philanthropy in Developing Countries, Emerita Caroline Walker Bynum. India F YHouse, Inc. Hut and his visitors hold (literally) round-table lunches during most of Edwin L. Turner the first and second term, in the Simons Hall dining hall. Anyone is welcome Astrophysics F Princeton University to join these lunches, where the main topics are related to cognition, as Olaf Witkowski discussed from many different angles, with rich contributions from visitors Complex Systems, Artificial Life F Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo of all four Schools at IAS. Institute of Technology 50 ARTIST-IN-RESIDENCE PROGRAM ALL PHOTOS ANDREA KANE ALL PHOTOS

Left: Artist-in-Residence DAVID LANG (left) and composer Caroline Shaw (right) take questions from the audience in a post-concert discussion. Right: The Crossing choir performing in Wolfensohn Hall

In his second season as IAS Artist-in-Residence, Pulitzer Prize–winning composer David Lang curated the 2017–18 Edward T. Cone Concert Series, the second year in a three-year series titled “The Pattern Makers.” This season opened with a performance by pianist Stephen Drury of Frederic Rzewski’s The People United Will Never Be Defeated. A concert by professional choir The Crossing followed, featuring performances of Ted Hearne’s Consent, Caroline Shaw’s To the Hands, and Lang’s the national anthems. At the beginning of 2018, pianist Vicky Chow performed composer Tristan Perich’s Surface Image, surrounded by a wall of forty tiny speakers whose elemental electronic sounds complemented the piano’s oceanic tones. Ensemble Signal concluded the program with a string orchestra performance highlighting Michael Gordon’s Weather and Julia Wolfe’s Cruel Sister. In October, Lang gave a Friends Public Lecture on “The Pattern Makers: Season 2,” in which he gave a taste of the program- ming for the year, previewing how each performance would employ patterns to accomplish different musical goals. View the lecture in its entirety at www.ias.edu/patternmakers-season-2. In December, Lang premiered symphony for a broken orchestra, a new piece written as part of an initiative of the same name to rehabilitate Philadelphia’s public-school music programs by repairing over one thousand damaged instruments previously languishing in storage. Read more about Lang’s involvement at www.ias.edu/lang-broken-orchestra.

DIRECTOR’S VISITORS

During the summer of 2018, Graham Farmelo, Fellow at Churchill College, University of Cambridge, completed the writing of his book “The Universe Speaks in Numbers,” about the relationship between fundamental physics and pure mathematics, from Newton to the present. The book, to be published by Faber & Faber in May 2019, will feature the contributions of several of the leading theoreticians who have been based at IAS and several of its mathematicians.

Michael Pembroke, Justice of the Supreme Court of New South Wales, ­Australia, finalized the concluding section of his book about the new world order ushered in by the Korean War. Published by OneWorld Press and released in the United States in August 2018, Korea: Where the American Century Began has been short-listed for the New South Wales Premier’s History Awards and Left: “The Universe Speaks in Numbers: How the Queensland Literary Awards, and long-listed for the 2018 Mark and Evette Modern Math Reveals Nature’s Deepest Secrets” Moran NIB Literary Award. by Director’s Visitor Graham Farmelo, forthcoming from Faber & Faber in May 2019, features contri­ butions of several leading theoreticians who have Natalie Wolchover, a senior writer and editor at Quanta Magazine, researched been based at IAS and several IAS mathematicians. and conducted interviews for three articles during her month at the Institute: Right: Director’s Visitor Michael Pembroke finalized a piece about traversable wormholes, another about physicists’ efforts to classify the concluding section of Korea: Where the American Century Began (OneWorld, 2018), which has been all possible phases of matter, and a profile/Q&A of Edward Witten. She also short- and long-listed for several literary and developed a deeper understanding of many current issues in physics. history awards.

51 OUTREACH IAS/PARK CITY MATHEMATICS INSTITUTE ALL PHOTOS DAVID TITENSOR DAVID ALL PHOTOS

The 2018 IAS/Park City Mathematics Institute program focused on the field of harmonic analysis and its interactions with geometric measure theory and partial differential equations.

The IAS/Park City Mathematics Institute (PCMI) is an intensive three-week summer program held annually in Park City, Utah. It includes several parallel sets of activities for different groups across the entire mathematical community. Established in 1991 through a grant from the National Science Foundation, PCMI has been an outreach program of the Institute for Advanced Study since 1994. PCMI is currently funded by major grants from the National Science Foundation and Math for America, as well as grants from private foundations and individuals. Rafe Mazzeo (Stanford University) is the PCMI director. The component programs of PCMI include a workshop for mathematics researchers, eight mini-courses for graduate students, two lecture series for undergraduate students, a program for faculty from predominantly undergraduate institutions, a faculty workshop on equity and mathematics education, and a teacher leadership program for K–12 school teachers. Together these programs have over 330 participants. PCMI is a very successful effort toward vertical integration, with participants from different groups interacting with each other both scientifically and socially. Each year, a different research theme is chosen, and a set of organizers who are specialists in the topic shape the program. The theme for PCMI 2018, “Harmonic Analysis,” focused primarily on the interactions of that field with geometric measure theory and partial differential equations, and it brought together mathematicians working in many exciting areas of recent research in harmonic analysis. The organizers for the program were Carlos Kenig (The University of Chicago), Fanghua Lin (Courant Institute of Mathe­ matical Sciences, New York University), Svitlana Mayboroda (University of Minnesota), and Tatiana Toro (University of Washington). In the Undergraduate Faculty Program, Alex Iosevich (University of Rochester) led an exploration of finite point configurations, both in Euclidean space and in vector spaces over finite fields, giving the faculty participants the tools needed to work on open problems in this topic in their own research and with their students. The participants in the Undergraduate Summer School attended a lecture series by Eyvindur Palsson (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University) and Ricardo Sáenz (University of Colima). Most undergraduates also took part in the Experimental Math Lab, a new activity in which undergraduate participants formed teams and—with mentoring by senior researchers—investigated open-ended questions and presented their results during the final week of PCMI. Gerunda Hughes (Howard University) and Deena Khalil (Howard University) led the one-week Workshop on Equity and Mathematics Education, in which faculty participants explored perspectives on the definition of equity, how it is manifested (or not) in education, and its relationship to diversity, inclusion, social justice, and broadening participation in mathematics education. Partici- pants shared their own work related to equity in mathematics, including course development, research, teaching, and assessment. The Teacher Leadership Program included fifty-seven teachers from across the country who came together for a collaborative professional development experience in which they learned new mathematics, reflected on best pedagogical practices, and created new materials for their own classrooms and others’. During the summer session, the participating teachers planned for a set of academic year outreach activities designed to extend the impact of this program. These activities include a series of workshops to be held at several sites around the country during the 2018–19 school year, and an online lesson study group. The research theme for PCMI 2019 is “Quantum Field Theory and Manifold Invariants,” organized by Dan Freed (University of Texas), Sergei Gukov (California Institute of Technology), Ciprian Manolescu (University of California, Los Angeles), Constantin Teleman (University of California, Berkeley), and Ulrike Tillmann (University of Oxford). To learn more about the IAS/Park City Mathematics Institute—including information about the application process—visit www.ias.edu/pcmi.

52 PROGRAM FOR WOMEN AND MATHEMATICS ALL PHOTOS ANDREA KANE ALL PHOTOS

The twenty-fifth annual IAS Women and Mathematics Program focused on the mathematics of modern cryptography and included lectures on post- quantum cryptography, lattice-based algorithms, and elliptic curve cryptography.

The twenty-fifth annual Women and Mathematics Program, “Mathematics of Modern Cryptography,” was held May 19–25, 2018 at the Institute for Advanced Study. Program activities were sponsored by IAS, Princeton University, the National Science Foundation, and a grant from Lisa Simonyi. Program organizers were Dusa McDuff (Barnard College), Margaret Readdy (University of Kentucky), and Sun-Yung Alice Chang (Princeton University). Toni Bluher (National Security Agency) gave four lectures on “Mathematics of Cryptography,” and Kristin Lauter (Microsoft Research) gave four lectures on “Mathematics of Post-Quantum Cryptography.” Emily Willson (National Security Agency) and Sorina Ionica (Université de Picardie) served as teaching assistants. Thirty-one undergraduates, thirty-three graduates, and twelve postdoctoral and faculty mathematicians from thirty universities attended the program. Research seminars were given by Kelsey Horan, “A Fast Quantum Algorithm for Solving Multivariate Quadratic Equations”; Angela Robinson, “The Tractability of the Discrete Logarithm Problem in S_n and Hybrid Encryption in the Quantum Random Oracle Model”; Elizabeth Wilcox, “The Chermak–Delgado Lattice of a Finite Group”; Ha Tran, “Well-known Ideal Lattices From Cyclotomic Fields”; Fattaneh Bayatbabolghani, “Enforcing Input Correctness via Certification in Garbled Circuit Evaluation”; F. Betül Durak, “Breaking the Format-Preserving Encryption Standard Over Small Domains”; and Soodeh Dadras, “Security of Control Systems in Autonomous Vehicle Platooning.” A colloquium was given by Jill Pipher (Brown University) on “NTRU Lattice-based Algorithms: History and Modern Developments.” The evening Women-in-Science Seminar series included a question-and-answer session moderated by Lillian Pierce (Duke University; von Neumann Fellow, School of Mathematics); a chat with Jill Pipher (Brown University); and a career panel given by Toni Bluher (National Security Agency), Jessica Fintzen (Member, School of Mathematics), Kristin Lauter (Microsoft Research), Helen Wong (von Neumann Fellow, School of Mathematics), and Helen Xing (Cubist). Margaret Readdy (University of Kentucky) moderated an introduction to the Women and Mathematics Ambassador Program and shared results from its first year. On May 23, sixty participants visited Princeton University to hear talks by Princeton faculty Oanh Nguyen, Ana Menezes, and Yueh-Ju Lin. Alyson Deines (Center for Communications Research, La Jolla) gave one computer workshop lecture using SAGE on “Elliptic Curve Cryptography” in a computer lab of the Lewis Library. Linda Cook (Princeton University) was Deines’s teaching assistant. In addition, the program engaged in an outreach event on May 23, 2018. Several program participants visited Littlebrook Elementary School, an afterschool program in Princeton, to teach “Codes and Secrets” (e.g., Caesar, substitution, Morse code, pigpen) and simple error-correcting codes using a lie detector. Thanks to a generous grant from Charles and Lisa Simonyi, the IAS Women and Mathematics Program just concluded its first year of the WAM Ambassador Program to build support and outreach networks across the country. The WAM participants listened to one representative from each of the funded groups and were able to ask questions regarding organizing similar activities in their own region. The funded activities included research talks, symposia, panels, conferences, reading groups, workshops, and local outreach, at locations across the country. The Ambassador Program will fund up to three postdoctoral or advanced graduate ambassadorships and up to six graduate ambassadors each year. On May 26, the twenty-fifth Women and Mathematics Program concluded with a dinner honoring cofounders Karen Uhlenbeck and Chuu-Lian Terng. For their foresight and commitment, speakers for the two Women and Mathematics lectures have been named in their honor, with the titles of Uhlenbeck Lecturer and Terng Lecturer.

53 PROSPECTS IN THEORETICAL PHYSICS

Prospects in Theoretical Physics (PiTP) is an intensive two-week summer program geared specifically to graduate students and postdoctoral scholars considering a career in theoretical physics or astrophysics. It encourages the participation of women, minorities, and students from smaller institutions that do not have extensive programs in theoretical physics or astrophysics. First held at the Institute in 2002, PiTP has covered topics ranging from cosmology to the Large Hadron Collider, to string theory, to computation and biology, to insights into quantum matter, and to computational plasma astrophysics. Representatives from both the Institute for Advanced Study and Princeton University are among the program’s organizers and lecturers. “From Qubits to Spacetime” was the theme ANDREA KANE of PiTP 2018, which was held July 16–27 on the Institute campus. Topics included entanglement entropy in quantum field theory and gravity; black hole entropy and its quantum corrections; the black hole information paradox; complexity, tensor networks, and quantum error correction; chaos and black holes; general relativity horizon and singularity theorems; and simple models for near extremal black holes. Roughly 160 participants were officially enrolled in the program, and its lectures attracted many students, postdoctoral researchers, and professors from nearby institutions. The 2018 Prospects in Theoretical Physics program included lectures by Ahmed Almheiri

(IAS), Atish Dabholkar (International Centre for ANDREA KANE Theoretical Physics, Trieste), Thomas Faulkner (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), Daniel Harlow (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Matthew Headrick (Brandeis University), Carl P. Feinberg Professor Juan Maldacena (IAS), Douglas Stanford (IAS), Leonard Susskind (Stanford University), Aron Wall (Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics), and Charles Simonyi Professor Edward Witten (IAS).

PiTP 2018 “From Qubits to Spacetime” convened roughly 160 participants, including Carl P. Feinberg Professor JUAN MALDACENA (top), Member YING ZHAO (middle, center), and former Member ARON WALL (bottom). The program covered topics ranging from the connections between quantum information and the structure of spacetime to how quantum effects can be included

in black hole thermodynamics. KOMODA DAN

5454 SUMMER PROGRAM IN SOCIAL SCIENCE

Organized by the School of Social Science and developed by Didier Fassin, James D. Wolfensohn Professor, the Summer Program in Social Science entered a new phase with three two-year cycles funded by the Mellon Foundation starting in June 2018. It is conducted in collaboration with Professor Sarah Nuttall of the Wits Institute for Social and Economic Research at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg and Professor Mara Viveros of the Escuela de Estudios de Género and Centro de Estudios at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia in Bogotá. The program began with a two-week session in Princeton, to be followed by one week mid-2019 at one of the two collaborating institutions in South Africa and Colombia, with continuous communication facilitated among the ANDREA KANE ALL PHOTOS scholars throughout the two-year period. The Summer Program in Social Science draws together early-career scholars from countries in Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America to enrich and expand the realm of the social sciences, to facilitate dialogue between disciplines, and to strengthen international networks.

Designed to draw together twenty early-career scholars from countries in Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America, the program aims to enrich and expand the realm of the social sciences through the confrontation of different intellectual traditions and perspectives; to facilitate and enhance the dialogue between various scientific disciplines and communities; and to strengthen interna- tional networks across continents. Special attention is paid to local contexts of production and global modalities of circulation of know­ ledge, and the participants are invited to exchange their research experiences with their constraints, challenges, and expectations. The scholars invited to participate have gone through a selection process. Their disciplines are history, anthropology, sociology, geography, economics, law, political science, and literary studies. Their research topics include, among others, the care of disabled persons in Brazil, the discourse on indigenous people in Argentina, the transportation infrastructure in Colombia, the resistance to extractive industries in Latin America, the everyday life under an authoritarian regime in Angola, the violence of mafias in Nigeria, the public life of secret societies in Cameroon, the social life of mining communities in Zimbabwe, the experience of Palestinian women imprisoned in Israel, the resilience of the population during the Syrian crisis in Lebanon, the Arab uprising seen from the perspective of farmers in Egypt, the ethics and politics of Sufi shrines in Pakistan, and the humanitarian approach to migrant working children in Mexico and India. Members of the School as well as scholars from Princeton University participate in the mentoring. Top: In June 2018, the Summer Program convened nineteen participants at the Institute for Advanced Study. Their research topics The program began in 2015 with a three-year pilot initiative included, among others, the care of disabled persons in Brazil, the organized by the Institute in collaboration with the École des discourse on indigenous people in Argentina, and the violence of Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales in Paris and the Swedish mafias in Nigeria.Above : Professor Emerita JOAN WALLACH ­Collegium for Advanced Study in Uppsala. It led to a collective SCOTT (left) and James D. Wolfensohn Professor DIDIER FASSIN (right) invited participants to exchange their research experiences volume in preparation, tentatively titled “Writing the Social with their constraints, challenges, and expectations. Sciences in Different Worlds.”

55 DIGITAL SCHOLARSHIP@IAS THOMAS CLARKE THOMAS

Left: The DigitalScholarship@IAS website, which contains tools and resources for digital scholarship Right: GEORGE KIRAZ, Member in the School of Historical Studies, spoke about computing lexia and dictionaries as part of the Digital Scholarship conversation series.

Supporting scholars working in the field of Digital Scholarship remained a priority this past academic year. As of the 2017–18 academic year, IAS Computing includes a full-time resource (María Mercedes Tuya) for supporting digital scholarship projects and overseeing campus-wide efforts. Broad direction for these efforts continues to be provided by the Digital Scholarship Working Group (Jeff Berliner, Emma Moore, Marcia Tucker, María Mercedes Tuya, and Professor Sabine Schmidtke). To support these goals, this past year, IAS became an institutional member of the ORCID consortium (see https://orcid.org) and the New Jersey Digital Humanities Consortium (see https://blogs.shu.edu/njdhc). For the second year, a series of focused talks were held on campus as part of the Digital Scholarship Conversations series (see sidebar). In 2017–18, four speakers participated in talks on a wide array of topics ranging from specific applications of digital scholarship to broad policy and institutional awareness. Supported by funding from the Carnegie Corporation of New York, the National Endowment of the Humanities, the Middle East Center at the University of Pennsylvania, and the Charles and Lisa Simonyi Fund for Arts and Sciences, and in partnership with the Hill Museum and Manuscript Library, Professor Sabine Schmidtke’s “Zaydi Manuscript Tradition: A Digital Portal” project continued to grow. The repository now hosts 1,389 manuscripts available to the public through open access. It is planned that by 2020, some ten thousand to fifteen thousand manuscripts (mainly from Yemen, but also from European and North American libraries and other places in the Middle East) will be uploaded to the repository and the portal (see www.ias.edu/digital-scholarship-zaydi-manuscript-tradition). Supported by funding from Annette Merle Smith and from the Charles and Lisa Simonyi Fund for Arts and Sciences, the effort to digitize the Institute’s digital scholarship unique collection of squeezes of ancient Greek inscriptions, led by Professor conversations, 2017–18 Angelos Chaniotis, is now underway. The project currently seeks additional funding via a Council on Library and Information Resources grant now in the October 19 Digital Scholarship Conversations F final round of competition. In April, Aaron Hershkowitz joined the effort as the Open Access, Copyright Law, and Squeeze Digitization Project Coordinator. To date, 5,593 squeezes have been Licensing in Scholarship F Kyle K. scanned, of which 411 have been uploaded with attendant metadata to the Courtney, Esq., Harvard University Krateros: Squeezes of Greek Inscriptions at the IAS collection in Albert (see October 20 www.ias.edu/krateros), where they are available open access. Digital Scholarship Conversations F Albert, the Digital Repository of IAS, was launched in September. Its goal is Open Access, Publishing, and Scholarship: to provide open access to the scholarly work of the Institute’s Faculty, Emeriti, The Future? F Kyle K. Courtney and Long-term Members. To date, the repository hosts over four hundred Esq., Harvard University documents, and now serves as the home of the Shelby White and Leon Levy November 17 Archives Digital Collections, as well as the aforementioned Krateros collection. Digital Scholarship Conversations F Plans for further development include the integration of an embedded image Digital Islamic Law: Prospects and viewer into the platform, the automatic import of existing papers from key Pitfalls F Intisar A. Rabb, Harvard Law School; and , online repositories, and most importantly, growth in the number of Faculty Sharon Tai Harvard Law School whose collections are housed in Albert (see https://albert.ias.edu). The DigitalScholarship@IAS website remains a key resource for IAS scholars March 30 working in the field. The webpage, which is continuously curated, contains a Digital Scholarship Conversations F Computing Lexica & Dictionaries F powerful toolbox for digital scholar­ship; resources for historians, social scientists, George A. Kiraz, Beth Mardutho: and natural scientists; information on events in this field at IAS and neighboring The Syriac Institute; Member, institutions; and digital scholarship projects at the Institute. School of Historical Studies

56 RECORD OF EVENTS

School of Historical Studies Modern International Relations Seminar F November 2 Expert Capital: Houston and the Making of a Service Lunchtime Colloquia Series F Q. Sulpicius September 26 Empire F Betsy Beasley, Harvard University; Maximus, Poet, Eleven Years Old F Kathleen Medieval Studies Seminar F First Term Member, School of Historical Studies Coleman, Harvard University; Member, School Introductions F Patrick J. Geary, Andrew W. of Historical Studies Mellon Professor, School of Historical Studies Early Modern History Seminar F Eighteenth- Century Slow Time: Seven Propositions F November 6 September 27 Jonathan Sachs, Concordia University, East Asian Studies Seminar F Making Modern International Relations Seminar F Montreal; Member, School of Historical Studies Confinement Confucian: Imprisoned Officials and Informal Group Discussion Their Families F Ying Zhang, The Ohio State October 19 University; Member, School of Historical October 4 Lunchtime Colloquia Series F How Marco Polo Studies Early Modern History Seminar F “Black Like Got Home F Timothy Brook, The University Me”: African Catholicism and White Hostility F of British Columbia; Member, School of Art History Seminar F Pictorial Replication F Erin Rowe, Johns Hopkins University; Historical Studies Michael Koortbojian, Princeton University Member, School of Historical Studies October 24 November 7 Modern International Relations Seminar F Ancient Studies Seminar F The Reform of the Medieval Studies Seminar F Images of Sacred Informal Group Discussion Monetary System and the Control of the Monetary Blackness F Erin Rowe, Johns Hopkins Exchange in Egypt in the Second Century B.C. F University; Member, School of Historical October 5 Fabienne Burkhalter, Université Lille 3; Studies Lunchtime Colloquia Series F First Term Member, School of Historical Studies Introductions F Angelos Chaniotis, Professor, November 8 School of Historical Studies Medieval Studies Seminar F Byzantium and Big Modern International Relations Seminar F History: Climate, Environment, and Society in the Informal Group Discussion October 10 Premodern World F Adam Izdebski, Jagiellonian Ancient Studies Seminar F The Ostraca of University, Krakow; Member, School of November 9 Maresha F Avner Ecker, The Hebrew Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquia Series F Problematizing the University of Jerusalem Political Prisoner: The Case of Ming China (1368– October 25 1644) F Ying Zhang, The Ohio State October 11 Near Eastern Studies Seminar F “Unconventional” University; Member, School of Historical Modern International Relations Seminar F Kalām Texts: Examples from the Zaydī Literature F Studies Seeing Red: France and the People’s Republic of Jan Thiele, Consejo Superior de China, 1949–2005 F Catherine Clark, Investigaciones Científicas. November 13 Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Member, Art History Seminar F The Byzantine Idiom in School of Historical Studies October 26 Medieval Spain Just Before and Just After the Lunchtime Colloquia Series F Medieval Nordic Medieval Conquest F Cecily Hilsdale, McGill October 12 Laws—When? Why? How? F Stefan Brink, University; Member, School of Historical Lunchtime Colloquia Series F Understanding Is University of Aberdeen; Member, School of Studies Within One’s Grasp (liaoran zaiwo 燎然在握): The Historical Studies Healer’s Body-as-Technology in Classical Chinese East Asian Studies Seminar F Men of One Age: Medicine F Marta Hanson, Johns Hopkins October 30 Japanese Fieldworkers in the Transwar World F University; Member, School of Historical Art History Seminar F Metaphors of Love and Miriam Kingsberg Kadia, University of Studies Birth in Andrea del Sarto’s “Madonna del Sacco” F Colorado; Member, School of Social Science Jonathan Unglaub, Brandeis University; October 16 Member, School of Historical Studies November 14 East Asian Studies Seminar F Wukong’s Itinerary Ancient Studies Seminar F Constantine’s Arch and to India F Minoru Inaba, Kyoto University; East Asian Studies Seminar F Narrating the His Military Image at Rome F Michael Member, School of Historical Studies Concept of the Great State F Timothy Brook, Koortbojian, Princeton University The University of British Columbia; Member, October 17 School of Historical Studies Medieval Studies Seminar F Comparing Princely Near Eastern Studies at the Institute for Rank in Late Medieval Europe: Why and How? F Advanced Studies Lecture Series F The Corpus of November 1 Jörg Peltzer, Universität Heidelberg; Member, the Arabic Science of Weights: Textual Tradition, Early Modern History Seminar F The Invention School of Historical Studies Theoretical Scope, and Significance in the History of of the Amboyna Massacre F Alison Games, Mechanics F Mohammed Abattouy, Georgetown University; Member, School of November 15 Mohammed V University Historical Studies Early Modern History Seminar F The Fire (Trading in the World) F Timothy Brook, The October 18 Modern International Relations Seminar F University of British Columbia; Member, Art History Seminar F A Pope for a Pope: Business Groups and the United States’ Support for School of Historical Studies Michelangelo’s Non-finito and Baronio’s Christian European Integration, 1946 to 1986 F Janick Antiquarianism F Carolina Mangone, Marina Schaufelbuehl, Université de Near Eastern Studies Seminar F The Bible in its Princeton University; Member, School of Lausanne; Member, School of Social Science Near Eastern Contexts (Ancient, Medieval, Modern): Historical Studies Philological Perspectives on the Pentateuch, Syriac, Samaritan, and Arabic Bible. A Panel Discussion F Sabine Schmidtke, Professor, School of November 30 Messick, Columbia University F From Kūfa to Historical Studies; George Kiraz, Beth Lunchtime Colloquia Series F Toward a Social Yemen to Baghdad: The Evolution of Zaydī Dialectics Mardutho: The Syriac Institute; Member, School History of Jewish Marriage in Medieval Northern on the Imamate F Nebil A. Husayn, University of Historical Studies; Konrad Schmid, Europe F Elisheva Baumgarten, The Hebrew of Miami F The Parting of Ways Between ʿAlid Universität Zürich; Member, School of University of Jerusalem; Member, School of Shiʿism and ʿAbbāsid Shiʿism in the Wake of the Historical Studies; Stefan Schorch, Martin- Historical Studies ʿAbbāsid Revolution: A Reexamination F Deborah Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg; Member, Tor, University of Notre Dame F New Evidence School of Historical Studies December 4 for the History of Iranian Jewry and Imāmī-Jewish East Asian Studies Seminar F Assembling Relations from Shīʿī Manuscript Repositories in November 16 Communities of Culinary and Mortuary Practice— Iran F Dennis Halft, Ben-Gurion University of Lunchtime Colloquia Series F The Dot Between Rethinking Zhou Contact with Their Western the Negev F Jewish-Shii Studies: Past Philology and Numerical Notation F George Neighbors (1046–771 B.C.E.) F Yitzchak Contributions and Future Prospects F Ehud Krinis, Kiraz, Beth Mardutho: The Syriac Institute; Jaffe, New York University Ben-Gurion University of the Negev F Levy Member, School of Historical Studies Billig (1897–1936): An Understudied Episode in December 5 the History of Shīʿī Studies F Roy Vilozny, November 20 Medieval Studies Seminar F The Notion of Slavic University of Haifa F Al-Maʾmūn’s Translators: Art History Seminar F The Thing I Have Loved Unity during the Middle Ages F Eduard Mühle, Sectarian Genealogies of the Graeco-Arabic the Best: Significant Jewels F Cynthia Hahn, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Translation Movement F Amin Ehteshami, Hunter College, The City University of New Member, School of Historical Studies University of California, Berkeley F York; Member, School of Historical Studies Historicization of Shiʿism and Shiʿitization of December 6 History: Forty Years of Imami Studies from Henry November 21 Near Eastern Studies Seminar F Isaiah, a Biblical Corbin to Mohammad Ali Amir‐Moezzi F Ancient Studies Seminar F Rotten Limbs and Prophet and His Message in Islamic Tradition F Mathieu Terrier, Centre National de la Runny Noses: Modern Reflections on Ancient Sebastian Günther, Georg-August- Recherche Scientifique, Paris F The Geriatrics F Hartwin Brandt, Otto-Friedrich- Universität Göttingen; Member, School of Contemporary Shīʿa Seminary in Iran: Opponents University of Bamberg; Member, School of Historical Studies and Adherents of Philosophy and Sufism F Seyed Historical Studies Amir Hossein Asghari, Indiana University F Modern International Relations Seminar F Dating Versions of the Karbalāʾ Story F Torsten Medieval Studies Seminar F Low Status Cloth Informal Group Discussion Hylén, Dalarna University F “The Disciples of and Dress in the Carolingian World F Valerie al‐Shaykh”: Imāmī Legal Scholarship after al-Ṭūsī Garver, Northern Illinois University; Member, December 7 (d. 460/1067) F Ali Rida Rizek, Georg- School of Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquia Series F Spaces of Non- August-Universität Göttingen F The alignment F Vladimir Kuli , Florida Atlantic ć ijāza of al‐ʿAllāma al-Ḥillī to the Banū Zuhra: November 22 University; Member, School of Historical Sources for the History of the School of Ḥilla F Aun Near Eastern Studies Seminar F The Perception of Studies Hasan Ali, University of Colorado F Notes on Slavs/Saqaliba in Arabic Sources of the Ninth to the Life and Legacy of al‐Shahīd al‐Thānī, Zayn al‐ Twelfth Centuries F Eduard Mühle, Westfälische S. T. Lee Lecture F The Visual Culture of Iranian Dīn al‐ʿĀmilī F Devin Stewart, Emory Wilhelms-Universität Munster; Member, School Twelver Shiism in the Qajar Period F Ulrich University F How Do We Deal with Imamic of Historical Studies Marzolph, Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Hadith? The Case of the Historical Development in Göttingen the Imams’ Statements of Khums F Edmund November 27 Hayes, Universiteit Leiden F Early Shīʿī Law: East Asian Studies Seminar F Upending December 7–9 Limitations and Possibilities of Current Scholarship F Convention: “Lettered” Experimentation and New Shii Studies: The State of the Art International Robert Gleave, University of Exeter F The Technologies in Turn-of-the-Century Hangzhou F Conference F Opening Remarks F Sabine Problem of Additions in the Manuscript Tradition of Eugenia Lean, Columbia University; Member, Schmidtke, Professor, School of Historical the Ikhwān al‐Ṣafāʾ F Carmela Baffioni, School of Historical Studies Studies F A Medieval Nusayri Shaykh’s Institute for Ismaili Studies, London F Fatimid Disputations and the Study of the Nusayris in Ritual: From Mamluk to Modern Scholarship F November 28 Western Academia F Mushegh Asatryan, Daniella Talmon-Heller, Ben-Gurion Medieval Studies Seminar F Integration and University of Calgary F The Past, Present, and University of the Negev F Ismāʿīlism as Shīʿism: Persistence in Post-migration Longobard Society: Future of Druze Studies F Samer Traboulsi, The Construction of a Historical Category of Textual and Genomic Evidence F Patrick J. University of North Carolina at Asheville F Pir Analysis F Rodrigo Adem, Harvard Geary, Andrew W. Mellon Professor, School of Sabzali and the Missing Sources of Ismaili History F University F Shīʿism as Epic in the ʿAlī Nāmah F Historical Studies Shafique N. Virani, University of Toronto F George Warner, SOAS, University of Documentary Sources on Ismailism in Badakhshan: London F The Origins, Usage, and Indeterminacy November 29 Genealogical History and the Construction of of Sectarian Labels: “Batris” and “Rafidis” as Case Early Modern History Seminar F Preamble and Confessional Identity in Badakhshan F Jo-Ann Studies F Michael Dann, University of Illinois Introduction, “Understanding Is Within One’s Grasp Gross, The College of New Jersey F Occultist at Urbana-Champaign F Early Shīʿī Discourse on (liaoran zaiwo 燎然在握): The Healer’s Body-as- Imamophilia in Timurid-Safavid Iran F Matthew Religious Leadership: Penitence, Revolution, and Technology in Classical Chinese Medicine” F Marta Melvin-Koushki, University of South Eschatology after Imam Ḥusayn F Mohammad Hanson, Johns Hopkins University; Member, Carolina F The Uniqueness of the Fatimid State F Sagha, The University of Chicago F School of Historical Studies Yaacov Lev, Bar-Ilan University F Islamic Mu’tazilism Ignored, Espoused, and Negotiated: Reform in Contemporary Iran: The Shiite Legacy F Imami Interpretations of the Covenant Verse F Near Eastern Studies Seminar F A Names Soroush Dabbagh, University of Toronto F Hussein Abdulsater, University of Notre Ontology for Middle East History F Will Hanley, Between the Lines: Reading the History of Papers Dame F Shiite Anti-Sunni Polemics and the Sunni Florida State University; Member, School of from Early Manuscripts in the Glaser Collection Held Tafsir Tradition F Walid Saleh, University of Historical Studies in Berlin F Anne Regourd, University of Toronto F Questioning Center and Periphery in Copenhagen F Imamic Governance and Sharīʿa Modern Shi’ism F Simon Wolfgang Fuchs, Justice in Twentieth-Century Yemen F Brinkley Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg

58 December 11 January 24 February 13–14 Art History Seminar F Architecture of Non- Modern International Relations Seminar F Genomics and Archaeology Workshop F alignment in Post-war Yugoslavia F Vladimir Informal Group Discussion Analyses of Genomic, Archaeological, and Isotopic Kulić, Florida Atlantic University; Member, Data from Pannonia and Italy F Krishna School of Historical Studies January 25 Veeramah, Stony Brook University, The State Lunchtime Colloquia Series F Looking Within: University of New York; and Patrick J. Geary, December 12 Early Modern Jewelry as Devotion, Power, and Andrew W. Mellon Professor, School of Ancient Studies Seminar F How God Became a Identity F Cynthia Hahn, Hunter College, The Historical Studies F Panel—Response and Lawgiver: The Torah’s Place in the History of Ancient City University of New York; Member, School Reactions F Falko Daim, Römisch- Near Eastern Law F Konrad Schmid, of Historical Studies Germanisches Zentralmuseum, Mainz; and Universität Zürich; Member, School of Philipp von Rummel, Deutsches Historical Studies January 29 Archäologisches Institut, Berlin F Further East Asian Studies Seminar F Asian Borderlands Response and Reactions F Walter Pohl, Medieval Studies Seminar F Scandinavia and Its and Millenarianism, 1850–1900 F Kwangmin Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften; Neighbours, A.D. 700–1100: An Attempt of a Kim, University of Colorado; Member, School and Frans Theuws, Universiteit Leiden F How Synthesis F Stefan Brink, University of of Historical Studies Might Genomics Be Integrated into the Ongoing Aberdeen; Member, School of Historical Studies Research Projects of the Panelists in Different Regions January 30 of Eurasia and North Africa? F Falko Daim, December 14 Medieval Studies Seminar FA Living Law and the Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum, Mainz; Lunchtime Colloquia Series F Apes, Slaves, and Living Landscapes: The Byzantine Rural Philipp von Rummel, Deutsches Global Markets: Boundaries of Humanity in Code (Nomos Georgikos) and Its Textual Archäologisches Institut, Berlin; Walter Pohl, Enlightenment Debates F Silvia Sebastiani, History F Adam Izdebski, Jagiellonian Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften; École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, University, Krakow; Member, School of and Frans Theuws, Universiteit Leiden Paris; Member, School of Historical Studies Historical Studies February 14 December 15 January 31 Early Modern History Seminar F What Law Is It Early Modern History Seminar F Literati Men, Early Modern History Seminar F Encountering There? Corsican Transregional Families, Trials, and Talented Women, and the Practice of Polygamy F the Future in Games of Chance F Nicholas Legal Knowledge in the Western Mediterranean Weijing Lu, University of California, San Baker, Macquarie University; Member, School (1590–1630) F Guillaume Calafat, Diego; Member, School of Historical Studies of Historical Studies Université Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne; Member, School of Historical Studies December 18 February 1 Art History Seminar F The Orientation of Lunchtime Colloquia Series F Divination and the Modern International Relations Seminar F Renaissance Art F Alexander Nagel, New York Body in Ancient China F Constance Cook, Informal Group Discussion University; Member, School of Historical Lehigh University; Member, School of Studies Historical Studies February 15 Lunchtime Colloquia Series F From Paris to December 21 February 5 Beijing and Back Again, 1973–1974 F Catherine Lunchtime Colloquia Series F Painting as East Asian Studies Seminar F Feelings and the Clark, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Miraculous Birth: Raphael’s Sistine Madonna F Logic of Space in the Lineage Novel of Late Chosŏn Member, School of Historical Studies Jonathan Unglaub, Brandeis University; Korea (1392–1910) F Ksenia Chizhova, Member, School of Historical Studies Princeton University February 19 Art History Seminar F Nativities, Central Italy, January 16 February 6 1250–1450: Between Historia and Imago, the Medieval Studies Seminar F Second Term Medieval Studies Seminar F The Legend of Prester Rise of an Intercession Image? F Giulia Puma, Introductions F Patrick J. Geary, Andrew W. John F John Eldevik, Hamilton College; Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis Mellon Professor, School of Historical Studies Member, School of Historical Studies February 20 January 18 February 7 Ancient Studies Seminar F A Rose Garden in Lunchtime Colloquia Series F Second Term Modern International Relations Seminar F Paradise: The Talmud and Manichaeism in a Introductions F Angelos Chaniotis, Professor, Informal Group Discussion Sasanian Context F Geoffry Herman, The School of Historical Studies Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Member, February 8 School of Historical Studies January 22 Lunchtime Colloquia Series F Provincializing East Asian Studies Seminar F The Role of China Ecologies: Environmental Change and the End of Medieval Studies Seminar F Medieval Jewish in Japanese Literary Historiography of the Meiji Antiquity F Adam Izdebski, Jagiellonian Epitaphs F Elisheva Baumgarten, The Period (1868–1912) F William Hedberg, University, Krakow; Member, School of Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Member, Arizona State University; Member, School of Historical Studies School of Historical Studies Historical Studies February 13 February 21 January 23 Ancient Studies Seminar F Andragoras—A Modern International Relations Seminar F Medieval Studies Seminar F Representation of and Seleukid Governor in Iran F Marek Olbrycht, Informal Group Discussion Responsibility for the Realm: A Cause for Social University of Rzeszów; Member, School of Differentiation in Late Medieval England and the Historical Studies February 22 Empire? F Jörg Peltzer, Universität Lunchtime Colloquia Series F Imperfect Heidelberg; Member, School of Historical Michelangelo F Carolina Mangone, Princeton Studies University; Member, School of Historical Studies

59 February 26 March 12 March 20 Art History Seminar F Marcel Breuer’s Work at the East Asian Studies Seminar F Marriage and Art History Seminar F Cartier-Bresson’s Work in IAS F John Davies, John Davies Design Intimacy in Late Imperial China F Weijing Lu, China F Catherine Clark, Massachusetts University of California, San Diego; Member, Institute of Technology; Member, School of East Asian Studies Seminar F Ritual Healing: The School of Historical Studies Historical Studies Body-as-Technology in Mid-Seventh-Century Tang China F Marta Hanson, Johns Hopkins March 13 Ancient Studies Seminar F Law and the Imperial University; Member, School of Historical Ancient Studies Seminar F Thinking with Imaginary in Republican Rome F Carlos Studies Monsters: On the Societal Productivity of Ancient Noreña, University of California, Berkeley; Greek Monsters F Henry Heitmann-Gordon, Member, School of Historical Studies February 27 Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Ancient Studies Seminar F Roman Archaeology March 21 and the Politics of Power: Varro, Imperator Caesar, and Medieval Studies Seminar FA Singular and Plural Near Eastern Studies Seminar F How to Translate the Spolia Opima F Frederik Vervaet, The Beast F Jamie Kreiner, University of Georgia; Arcane Knowledge: Devising an Arabic Rendition of a University of Melbourne; Member, School of Member, School of Historical Studies Pythagorean Terminus Technicus F Anna Historical Studies Izdebska, Jagiellonian University, Krakow March 14 Medieval Studies Seminar F Symptomatic Subjects: Early Modern History Seminar F Building the March 22 Bodies, Signs, and Narratives in Late Medieval Marital Bond F Weijing Lu, University of Lunchtime Colloquia Series F We Have England F Julie Orlemanski, The University California, San Diego; Member, School of Discovered America! The United States in the Syrian of Chicago Historical Studies Imagination, 1946–1963 F Kevin Martin, Indiana University; Member, School of February 28 March 15 Historical Studies Near Eastern Studies Seminar F The Syriac Lunchtime Colloquia Series F Learning and Community in the Late Ottoman Period: Digging in Spirituality Without Prophets and Scriptures, as Seen March 27 the Archives of Mardin F George Kiraz, Beth by the Medieval Muslim Scholar Ibn Tufayl F Ancient Studies Seminar F Mt. Lykaion as the Mardutho: The Syriac Institute; Member, School Sebastian Günther, Georg-August- Arcadian Birthplace of Zeus F David Gilman of Historical Studies Universität Göttingen; Member, School of Romano, The University of Arizona; Member, Historical Studies School of Historical Studies Modern International Relations Seminar F Informal Group Discussion March 16 East Asian Studies Seminar F The Expanding Epigraphic Friday F Epigraphy Between Philology Boundaries of Slavery in Tang China F Don March 1 and Technology F Christopher Jones, Harvard Wyatt, Middlebury College Lunchtime Colloquia Series F Recent Excavation University F New Epigraphic Evidence from the and Research at the Sanctuary of Zeus at Mt. Sanctuary of Zeus on Mount Lykaion F Kyle March 28 Lykaion, Arcadia F David Gilman Romano, Mahoney, Sewanee: The University of the Early Modern History Seminar F Boundaries of The University of Arizona; Member, School of South F What Was the Xenike Lusis? F Humanity: Orangutans, Slaves, and Global Markets Historical Studies Elizabeth Meyer, University of Virginia F An in Enlightenment Debates F Silvia Sebastiani, Isolympian and Isopythian Festival in a Hellenistic École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, March 5 Inscription from Messene F Nino Luraghi, Paris; Member, School of Historical Studies Art History Seminar F The Medieval and the Age Princeton University F Heracles Hoplophylax, of Technological Reproducibility: The Central Role of Iudaioi, and a Palm Grove: A Fresh Look at I. Near Eastern Studies Seminar F “We Have the Gothic in Weimar-Era Debates on Original and Smyrna 697 F Martin Hallmannsecker, Discovered America”: The U.S. in the Syrian Copy F William Diebold, Reed College; University of Oxford F Naukleroi in Roman Imagination, 1946–1963 F Kevin Martin, Member, School of Historical Studies Miletus F Ilias Arnaoutoglou, Academy of Indiana University; Member, School of Athens; Member, School of Historical Studies F Historical Studies East Asian Studies Seminar F Mao Zedong The Photographs and Squeezes in the Louis Robert Between Caopi and Yuan Shikai: Another Look at Archive F Glen W. Bowersock, Professor Medieval Studies Seminar F Reliquaries and Twentieth-Century Chinese History F Zvi Ben- Emeritus, School of Historical Studies F Memory F Cynthia Hahn, Hunter College, The Dor Benite, New York University Grammar and Ideology on Roman Imperial City University of New York; Member, School Milestones F Carlos Noreña, University of of Historical Studies March 6 California, Berkeley; Member, School of Medieval Studies Seminar F Ex Oriente: Isaak Historical Studies F Remarks on Greek Inscriptions Modern International Relations Seminar F und der Weisse Elefant F William Diebold, from Parthian Susa F Marek Olbrycht, Informal Group Discussion Reed College; Member, School of Historical University of Rzeszów; Member, School of Studies Historical Studies F Herakles, Melqart, and the March 29 “Middle Ground”: What Inscriptions Can Tell F Lunchtime Colloquia Series F The Invention and March 8 Marco Santini, Princeton University F Legacies of the Amboyna Massacre F Alison Lunchtime Colloquia Series F Fascist Departures: Constantine the Great and the Octagonal Church in Games, Georgetown University; Member, Travel Writing and Transnational Encounters on the Syrian Antioch F Hartwin Brandt, Otto- School of Historical Studies Periphery of Hitler’s New Europe F Rory Friedrich-Universität Bamberg; Member, School Yeomans, Member, School of Historical of Historical Studies F Greek Inscriptions in the April 2 Studies Poetry of Cavafy F Angelos Chaniotis, Art History Seminar F French State Propaganda Professor, School of Historical Studies Film for Gas Industry and Yves Klein’s Tableaux- feu F Brian Jacobson, University of Toronto

60 East Asian Studies Seminar F Divination and the Nile Variability and Egyptian Civilization F al-madhābib F Devin Stewart, Emory Body in Ancient China F Constance Cook, Joseph Manning, Yale University F Cultural University F Takmilatu Majmu’ al Hadi ilal Lehigh University; Member, School of and Social Change in the First Millennium B.C. Haqq F Nuran Ucok, Ankara University and Historical Studies With or Without Climate Change F Ursula Princeton University F Zaydism in Iran and Brosseder, Universität Bonn F Climate Push Yemen F Ali Zaherinezhad, Universität April 4 and Pull: A Hidden Driver of Geopolitical Cycle in Hamburg Modern International Relations Seminar F China F Qing Pei, Education University of Informal Group Discussion Hong Kong F Consilience in the Understanding of June 28–29 the Past: Building Connections Between Dots, Marginalia, and Peritexts in Middle April 3 Paleoclimatology, Palynology, and Economic History F Eastern Manuscripts Workshop F Paratextual Ancient Studies Seminar F The Representation of Adam Izdebski, Jagiellonian University, Material in the Mansur Collection F Sabine Space in Graeco-Roman Relief Sculpture F Krakow F The Contribution of Climate Science to Schmidtke, Professor, School of Historical Michael Koortbojian, Princeton University. History: Questions, Fallacies, and Prospects F Studies F The ijazat among the Zaydies: the Case of Nicola Di Cosmo, Luce Foundation Professor Majmu’ al-ijazat by Ahmad al-Miswari F Hassan April 5 of East Asian History, School of Historical Farhang Ansari, Long-term Member, School Lunchtime Colloquia Series F The German Studies of Historical Studies F The Masora as a Paratext F Atlantic: Recovering an Invisible World F David Elvira Martín Contreras, Centro de Ciencias Blackbourn, Vanderbilt University; Member, May 2 Humanas y Sociales F Inscriptions and Scribbles on School of Historical Studies Early Modern History Seminar F The Margins of Hebrew Manuscripts from the Maghreb F “Explanation of the Fingers and Palms” F Marta Yael Barouch, The Hebrew University of April 9 Hanson, Johns Hopkins University; Member, Jerusalem F Chapter Divisions and the Transmission Art History Seminar F Work in Progress on Joint School of Historical Studies History of the MSS of the Tosefta F Binyamin Project on Guercino’s Saint Petronilla F Jonathan Katzoff, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem F Unglaub, Brandeis University; Member, School May 15 Hagiopolite Lectionary Rubrics in Arabic Gospels F of Historical Studies; and Carolina Mangone, Early Modern History Seminar F Henry Robert Turnbull F The Significance ofVariae Princeton University; Member, School of Robinson’s Mediterranean Experience (1604– Lectiones and their Sigla in Hadith Collections F Historical Studies 1673?): Tuscany, Trade, and Toleration in Ali Zaherinezhad, Universität Hamburg F Seventeenth-Century England F Guillaume Toward a Reading History of al-Jahiz’s “Kitab al- April 11 Calafat, Université Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne; Hayawan” F Jeannie Miller, University of Modern International Relations Seminar F Member, School of Historical Studies Toronto F Peritextual Encoding of Metatron F Informal Group Discussion Aryeh M. Krawczyk, The Emanuel May 30 Ringelblum Jewish Historical Institute F April 12 Early Modern History Seminar F The History of Ornithomorphic Imagery and Rinceaux in P. Lunchtime Colloquia Series F Mass Deportations, Women and the Science of Man in the Scottish Cotsen-Princeton I F Alyssa Cady, Princeton Slave Wars, and the Augustan Pax Servilis F Enlightenment F Silvia Sebastiani, École des University F Astrology in the Mamlūk Sultanate F Frederik Vervaet, The University of Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, Paris; Fien De Block, Ghent University F Dot Wars F Melbourne; Member, School of Historical Member, School of Historical Studies Jonathan Loopstra, University of Studies Northwestern, St. Paul F Syriac Transmission June 4 Eusebian Apparatus F Jeremiah Coogan, April 28–30 Early Modern History Seminar FThe Execution University of Notre Dame F Syriac Manuscript Workshop: Climate, Archaeology, and History in of Franz Ferdinand EngelsbergerF Yaacov Peritexts and the Chaldaean Schism of 1552 F the Eurasian Middle Ages F Evidence for Medieval Deutsch, David Yellin College of Education, Lucy Parker, University of Oxford F Some Volcanic Eruptions and Their Climatic Impacts F Jerusalem Notes on Muḥammad Pārsā’s (d. 822/1420) Clive Oppenheimer, University of Library F Akram Habibulla, Indiana Cambridge F East Asia Hydroclimate Estimates of June 6–9 University F Peritext as Textual Genealogy: Case 8th–13th-Century Ocean Temperatures F Gabriel Shii Studies Research Program Conference: The Studies from Ottoman Manuscripts F Aslihan Vecchi, Princeton University F Climate Models Zaydi Manuscript Tradition F Imam al-Muʾayyad Gürbüzel, McGill University F Popular Heroic for Historical Applications: A General Introduction F Yaḥyā b. Ḥamza’s (d. 1348) Decree Legitimating Stories . . . Ottoman F Elif Sezer Aydınlı, Jane Baldwin, Princeton University F Hunnic Confiscating and Selling Certain Types of Waqf F Istanbul Şehir University F Word Division in West Movements and Strategies: A Response to Climatic Eirik Hovden, University of Bergen F The Semitic F Aaron Koller, Yeshiva University F Fluctuations? F Susanne Hakenbeck, Origins of the Adhān: Reports from the Family of Peritextual Indicators of Use and Transmission in University of Cambridge F Seismic Events and ‘Alī F Nebil Husayn, University of Miami F Ancient Egyptian Funerary Texts F Niv Allon, Climate in the Archaeological Records of The Uyghur Practices of Zaydi Power in Medieval and Modern Metropolitan Museum of Art F Reading Between Khaganate: the Case of Por-Bajin F Irina Yemen F Daniel Mahoney, Universität Wien F the Lines: Interpreting Glosses in Sumerian Royal Arzhantseva, Institute of Ethnology and Kitāb al-Asās li-ʿAqāʾid al-Akyās F Michael Hymns F Szilvia Jáka-Sövegjártó, Anthropology Russian Academy of Science F Payne, Brown University F Negotiating Universität Heidelberg F The Language of Paper F Why Not Karakorum? A New Look at an Old Historicity of Qāḍī Nuʿmān’s (d. 363/974) Sources: Meredith Quinn, Harvard University F City F Jan Bemmann, Universität Bonn F In Examining “Kitāb al-īḍāḥ” through a Zaydi Dottology: Towards a Typology F George Kiraz, the Service of the Khan? Artisans of Karakorum in Collection, “Kutub Muḥammad b. Sallām b. Sayyār Beth Mardutho: The Syriac Institute; Member, the Light of Archaeological and Written Sources F al-Kūfī” F Kumail Rajani, University of School of Historical Studies Susanne Reichert, Universität Bonn F Exeter F Wilfred Madelung’s “Der Imam al-Qāsim Climate and Empire in the Early Medieval b. Ibrāhīm und die Glaubenslehre der Zaiditen” F Carpathian Basin: Huns, Avars, and Magyars F Ekaterina Pukhovaia, Princeton University F Johannes Preiser-Kapeller, Österreichische Daylamī Dynastic Structures, Military-Factional Akademie der Wissenschaften F Water and Politics, and the Zaydī Imāmate of the South Climate Factors in the Early Medieval Culture Caspian F Mohammad Sagha, The Changes on the Lower Syr-Darya F Heinrich University of Chicago F Notes on the History of Härke, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen F Urūl al-Figh and al-Qādī al-Nu’mān’s Ikhtilāf usūl

61 School of Mathematics Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Diego; Member, School of Mathematics F From Seminar F Kloosterman Sums and Siegel Zeros F Representations of the Symmetric Group to Branched September 14 James Maynard, Member, School of Covers of the Disk F Amitai Netser Zernik, Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Mathematics Member, School of Mathematics F The Mystery of Over-Parametrization in Neural Networks F Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory September 29 Behnam Neyshabur, Member, School of Seminar F 2∞-Selmer Groups, 2∞-Class Groups, Short Talks by Postdoctoral Members F Mathematics F Twisted Integral Orbit and Goldfeld’s Conjecture F Alex Smith, Harvard Mechanized Reasoning in Mathematics F Kuen- Parametrizations F Aaron Pollack, Member, University Bang Favonia Hou, Member, School of School of Mathematics F Algebraic Groups in Mathematics F Liquid Crystals and Interacting Positive Characteristic F Srimathy Srinivasan, September 18 Dimer Models F Ian Jauslin, Member, School Member, School of Mathematics F Geometry of Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics of Mathematics F Joint Equidistribution of CM the Smallest 1-Form Laplacian Eigenvalue on Seminar I F Rigorous RG: A Provably Efficient and Points F Ilya Khayutin, Princeton University; Hyperbolic Manifolds F Michael Lipnowski, Possibly Practical Algorithm for Simulating 1D Veblen Research Instructor, School of Member, School of Mathematics Quantum Systems F Umesh Vazirani, Mathematics F Some Problems Related to Partial University of California, Berkeley Sums of Fourier Integrals F Jongchon Kim, October 5 University of Wisconsin–Madison; Member, Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory September 21 School of Mathematics F Categorical Actions in Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Geometry and Representation Theory F Clemens Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Koppensteiner, Member, School of Seminar F Unlikely Intersections for Algebraic Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Mathematics F The Quantum Best Separable State Curves in Positive Characteristic F David W. Seminar F Cohomology of p-adic Stein Spaces F Problem and Classical Connections F Pravesh Masser, Universität Basel; Visitor, School of Wiesława Nizioł, École Normale Supérieure Kothari, Princeton University; Member, School Mathematics de Lyon; Member, School of Mathematics of Mathematics October 6 September 26 October 2 Mathematical Conversations F Cohomology and Short Talks by Postdoctoral Members F Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Cryptography F Akshay Venkatesh, Stanford Chromatic Homotopy Theory F Irina Bobkova, Seminar I F Crossing the Logarithmic Barrier for University; Distinguished Visiting Professor, Member, School of Mathematics F Computing Dynamic Boolean Data Structure Lower Bounds F School of Mathematics Maps between Fukaya Categories via Morse Trees F Omri Weinstein, Columbia University Nathaniel Bottman, Member, School of Short Talks by Postdoctoral Members F The Mathematics F Homotopy Type Theory: Working Seminar on Theoretical Machine Learning F Local Multiplicity Problem for the Ginzburg–Rallis Invariantly in Homotopy Theory F Guillaume Hyperparameter Optimization: A Spectral Model and the Generalized Shalika Model F Chen Brunerie, Member, School of Mathematics F A Approach F Elad Hazan, Princeton University Wan, Member, School of Mathematics F Converse to a Theorem of Gross-Zagier, Kolyvagin, Formulas Related to Zastava Spaces F Jonathan and Rubin F Ashay Burungale, Université Short Talks by Postdoctoral Members F Weights Peiyu Wang, Member, School of Paris 13; Member, School of Mathematics F of Mod p Automorphic Forms F Bao V. Le Hung, Mathematics F Finer Virtual Structure for Moduli Towards Optimal Ramsey Graphs and Randomness Member, School of Mathematics F Multivariate Spaces of Holomorphic Curves F Dingyu Yang, Extractors F Eshan Chattopadhyay, Member, Trace Inequalities F Marius Christopher Member, School of Mathematics F Geometry of School of Mathematics F Period Map: Past, Lemm, California Institute of Technology; Shimura Varieties F Rong Zhou, Member, ∞ Present, and the Future F Gao Chen, Member, Member, School of Mathematics F A Structures School of Mathematics F The Relative Trace School of Mathematics as a Language for Open Gromov–Witten Theory F Formula Approach to the Global Gan–Gross–Prasad Sara Tukachinsky, Member, School of Conjecture for Unitary Groups F Michal Zydor, Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Mathematics F p-adic L-Functions and Iwasawa Member, School of Mathematics F The 3 Seminar II F Lifting Theorems in Communication Main Conjectures F Zheng Liu, Member, School Geometry and Topology of Minimal Surfaces in R of Complexity and Applications F Toniann Pitassi, of Mathematics F Zeros of Laplace Eigenfunctions Finite Total Curvature F Otis Chodosh, Veblen University of Toronto; Visiting Professor, School and Propagation of Smallness F Aleksandr Research Instructor, School of Mathematics of Mathematics Logunov, Member, School of Mathematics F The Distribution of Primes and Zeros of Riemann’s October 7 September 27 Zeta Function F James Maynard, Member, Workshop on Topology: Identifying Order in Short Talks by Postdoctoral Members F Moduli School of Mathematics Complex Systems F Discrete Conformal Geometry Interpretations for Noncongruence Modular Curves F of Polyhedral Surfaces and Its Applications F Feng William Yun Chen, Member, School of October 3 Luo, Rutgers, The State University of New Mathematics F Analysis and Design of Locally Symmetric Spaces Seminar F Motivic Jersey F On Morse Index Estimates for Minimal Convolutional Networks via Hierarchical Tensor Correlators and Locally Symmetric Spaces F Surfaces F Davi Maximo, University of Decompositions F Nadav Cohen, Member, Alexander Goncharov, Yale University; Pennsylvania F Fast Predictive Models for Image School of Mathematics F Diophantine Analysis Member, School of Mathematics Registration F Marc Niethammer, The and Special Sets F Vesselin Dimitrov, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill F Member, School of Mathematics F Topological Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Personalized Cancer Therapy Using Molecular Structure of the Spectrum for Ergodic Schrödinger Seminar II F Elementary Open Problems in Algebra Landscape Topology and Thermodynamics F Operators F Rui Han, Member, School of (with Consequences in Computational Complexity) F Edward Rietman, University of Mathematics F Representations of p-adic Groups F Avi Wigderson, Herbert H. Maass Professor, Massachusetts F Consistent Manifold Jessica Fintzen, Member, School of School of Mathematics Representation for Topological Data Analysis F Tim Mathematics Sauer, George Mason University October 4 September 28 Short Talks by Postdoctoral Members F On Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Weak Epsilon Nets and the Radon Number F Shay Moran, University of California, San

62 October 9 Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar F Seminar F On Residues of Eisenstein Series— Seminar I F A Nearly Optimal Lower Bound on the Wrapped Floer Theory and Homological Mirror through a Cohomological Lens F Joachim Approximate Degree of AC 0 F Mark Bun, Symmetry for Toric Calabi–Yau Manifolds F Yoel Schwermer, Universität Wien; Member, Princeton University Groman, Columbia University School of Mathematics Members’ Seminar F Geometry and Arithmetic of Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics October 13 Sphere Packings F Alex Kontorovich, Rutgers, Seminar I F Barriers for Rank Methods in Emerging Topics Working Group F Fourier Decay The State University of New Jersey; von Arithmetic Complexity F Rafael Oliveira, for Limit Sets F Semyon Dyatlov, Neumann Fellow, School of Mathematics University of Toronto Massachusetts Institute of Technology F The Sum-Product Theorem F Elon Lindenstrauss, October 24 Emerging Topics Working Group F An The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Locally Symmetric Spaces Seminar F Introduction to Quantum Chaos F Stéphane Cohomology of Arithmetic Groups and Eisenstein Nonnemacher, Université Paris-Sud 11 F October 16 Series—an Introduction F Joachim Fractal Uncertainty Principle and Its Applications F Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar F Schwermer, Universität Wien; Member, Semyon Dyatlov, Massachusetts Institute of Compactification of Moduli Spaces of J-Holomorphic School of Mathematics F Motivic Correlators and Technology Maps Relative to SNC Divisors F Mohammad Locally Symmetric Spaces II F Alexander Tehrani, Stony Brook University, The State Goncharov, Yale University; Member, School Members’ Seminar F Analysis and Topology on University of New York of Mathematics Locally Symmetric Spaces F Akshay Venkatesh, Stanford University; Distinguished Visiting Seminar on Theoretical Machine Learning F Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Professor, School of Mathematics Keeping IT Cool: Machine Learning for Data Center Seminar F Elliptic Curves of Rank Two and Cooling F Nevena Lazic, Google Generalised Kato Classes F Francesc Castella, October 10 Princeton University Locally Symmetric Spaces Seminar F Hermann Weyl Lectures F On the Mathematical Cohomology of Arithmetic Groups and Automorphic Theory of Black Holes I F Sergiu Klainerman, Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Forms: An Introduction F Laurent Clozel, Princeton University Seminar II F On the Strength of Comparison Université Paris-Sud 11; Member, School of Queries F Shay Moran, University of Mathematics F Transfer Operators for (Relative) October 17 California, San Diego; Member, School of Functoriality “Beyond Endoscopy” I F Yiannis Locally Symmetric Spaces Seminar F Mathematics Sakellaridis, Rutgers, The State University of Cohomology of Arithmetic Groups and Automorphic New Jersey; von Neumann Fellow, School of Forms: An Introduction (continued) F Laurent October 25 Mathematics Clozel, Université Paris-Sud 11; Member, Mathematical Conversations F How Deep Is Your School of Mathematics F Transfer Operators for Proof? F Toniann Pitassi, University of Emerging Topics Working Group F Semiclassical (Relative) Functoriality “Beyond Endoscopy” II F Toronto; Visiting Professor, School of Analysis, Chaotic Dynamics, and Fractal Uncertainty Yiannis Sakellaridis, Rutgers, The State Mathematics Principle F Semyon Dyatlov, Massachusetts University of New Jersey; von Neumann Fellow, Institute of Technology F Proof of Fractal School of Mathematics Analysis Seminar F Nematic Liquid Crystal Phase Uncertainty Principle F Ruixiang Zhang, in a System of Interacting Dimers F Ian Jauslin, Member, School of Mathematics F Control of Hermann Weyl Lectures F On the Mathematical Member, School of Mathematics Eigenfunctions on Hyperbolic Surfaces F Long Jin, Theory of Black Holes II F Sergiu Klainerman, Purdue University Princeton University October 26 Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics October 18 Seminar II F Structural Aspects of the Null–Cone Mathematical Conversations F Spectral Gaps Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Problem in Invariant Theory F Ankit Garg, Without Frustration F Marius Christopher Seminar F A Converse Theorem of Gross–Zagier Microsoft Research New England Lemm, California Institute of Technology; and Kolyvagin: CM Case F Ye Tian, Chinese Member, School of Mathematics Academy of Sciences, Beijing October 11 Emerging Topics Working Group F An Hermann Weyl Lectures F On the Mathematical Analysis Seminar F Quasi-periodic Solutions to Introduction to Dolgopyat’s Method F Frédéric Theory of Black Holes III F Sergiu Nonlinear PDEs F Wei-Min Wang, Université Naud, Université d’Avignon F Fractal Klainerman, Princeton University Paris-Sud 11 Uncertainty Principle: Improving over the Volume Bound F Semyon Dyatlov, Massachusetts October 19 October 30 Institute of Technology F Limit Sets in Higher Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar F Dimensions F Michael Magee, Durham Weinstein Manifolds through Skeletal Topology F University Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Laura Starkston, Stanford University Seminar F The Arithmetic Intersection Conjecture F October 12 Michael Rapoport, University of Maryland Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory and Universität Bonn Seminar I F Fooling Intersections of Low-Weight Halfspaces F Rocco Servedio, Columbia Emerging Topics Working Group F Long Time October 23 University Propagation of Waves and the Hyperbolic Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar F Parametrix F Stéphane Nonnemacher, Wrapped Fukaya Categories and Functors F Yuan Members’ Seminar F High Density Phases of Universite Paris-Sud 11 F An Introduction to Gao, Stony Brook University, The State Hard-Core Lattice Particle Systems F Ian Jauslin, Dolgopyat’s Method (continued) F Frédéric Naud, University of New York Member, School of Mathematics Université d’Avignon

63 October 31 Stanford University F Algorithms for the Topology Automorphic Representations of GL(n)’ F Laurent Locally Symmetric Spaces Seminar F of Arithmetic Groups and Hecke Actions F Michael Clozel, Universite Paris-Sud 11; Member, Cohomology of Arithmetic Groups and Eisenstein Lipnowski, Member, School of Mathematics School of Mathematics F Zagier’s Conjecture on Series— an Introduction (continued) F Joachim ζF(4) F Alexander Goncharov, Yale Schwermer, Universität Wien; Member, Seminar on Theoretical Machine Learning F University; Member, School of Mathematics School of Mathemtics F Motivic Correlators and Naturalizing a Programming Language F Sida Locally Symmetric Spaces III F Alexander Wang, Visitor, School of Mathematics November 13 Goncharov, Yale University; Member, School Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar F of Mathematics November 7 Odd Sphere Bundles and Symplectic Manifolds F Li- Workshop on Motives, Galois Representations, Sheng Tseng, University of California, Irvine Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory and Cohomology around the Langlands Seminar F Nonlinear Descent on Moduli of Local Program F Higher Hida Theory F Vincent Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Systems F Junho Peter Whang, Princeton Pilloni, Centre National de la Recherche Seminar I F Learning Models: Connections between University Scientifique, Paris F Modularity Lifting Theorems Boosting, Hard-Core Distributions, Dense Models, for Non-regular Symplectic Representations F GAN, and Regularity I F Russell Impagliazzo, Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics George Boxer, The University of Chicago F University of California, San Diego n Seminar II F Cap-Sets in (Fq) and Related Potential Automorphy of Some Compatible Systems Problems F Zeev Dvir, Princeton University; over CM Fields F Patrick Allen, University of Seminar on Theoretical Machine Learning F von Neumann Fellow, School of Mathematics Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Member, School Towards a Better Understanding of Neural Networks: of Mathematics F Automorphy of Mod 3 Learning Dynamics, Interpretability, and RL November 1 Representations over CM Fields F Generalization F Maithra Raghu, Cornell Mathematical Conversations F The Three Pillars Chandrashekhar Khare, University of University of Statistical Machine Learning: Then and Now F California, Los Angeles Nadav Cohen, Member, School of Members’ Seminar F Decomposition Theorem for Mathematics Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Semi-simple Algebraic Holonomic D-Modules F Seminar II F Pseudorandom Generators for Takuro Mochizuki, Kyoto University Analysis Seminar F Structure Theorems for Unordered Branching Programs F Eshan Intertwining Wave Operators F Wilhelm Schlag, Chattopadhyay, Member, School of November 14 The University of Chicago; Visiting Professor, Mathematics Locally Symmetric Spaces Seminar F A Remark School of Mathematics on Cohomology of Locally Symmetric Spaces F November 8 Joseph Bernstein, Tel Aviv University; November 2 Workshop on Motives, Galois Representations, Member, School of Mathematics F Automorphic Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory and Cohomology around the Langlands Forms and Motivic Cohomology I F Akshay Seminar F On the Notion of Genus for Division Program F Topological and Arithmetic Intersection Venkatesh, Stanford University; Distinguished Algebras and Algebraic Groups F Andrei S. Numbers Attached to Real Quadratic Cycles F Visiting Professor, School of Mathematics Rapinchuk, University of Virginia; Member, Henri Darmon, McGill University F An Euler School of Mathematics System for Genus 2 Siegel Modular Forms F David Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Loeffler, University of Warwick F A Derived Seminar II F Learning Models: Connections between Analysis Seminar F Two-Bubble Dynamics for the Hecke Algebra in the Context of the Mod p Boosting, Hard-Core Distributions, Dense Models, Equivariant Wave Maps Equation F Jacek Langlands Program F Rachel Ollivier, The GAN, and Regularity II F Russell Jendrej, The University of Chicago University of British Columbia F Computations Impagliazzo, University of California, San in the Topology of Locally Symmetric Spaces F Mark Diego November 3 McConnell, Princeton University Special Seminar F Introduction to the Works of November 15 Takuro Mochizuki F Pierre Deligne, Professor Analysis Seminar F Time Quasi-periodic Gravity Special Seminar F Wild Harmonic Bundles and Emeritus, School of Mathematics Water Waves in Finite Depth F Massimiliano Related Topics I F Takuro Mochizuki, Kyoto Berti, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi University November 6 Avanzati, Trieste, Italy Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar F Analysis Seminar F Thin Monodromy and Morse–Bott Cohomology from Homological November 9 Lyapunov Exponents, via Hodge Theory F Simion Perturbation F Zhengyi Zhou, University of Workshop on Motives, Galois Representations, Filip, Harvard University California, Berkeley and Cohomology around the Langlands Program F Pseudorepresentations and the Eisenstein November 16 Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Ideal F Preston Wake, University of Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Seminar I F Language Edit Distance, (min,+)- California, Los Angeles F Higher Eisenstein matrix Multiplication, and Beyond F Barna Saha, Elements in Weight 2 and Prime Level F November 17 University of Massachusetts Emmanuel Lecouturier, Institut de Special Seminar F Wild Harmonic Bundles and Mathématiques de Jussieu–Paris Rive Gauche F Related Topics II F Takuro Mochizuki, Kyoto Workshop on Motives, Galois Representations, Exceptional Splitting of Reductions of Abelian University and Cohomology around the Langlands Surfaces with Real Multiplication F Yunqing Program F Functoriality and Algebraic Cycles F Tang, Princeton University F Models for Galois November 20 Kartik Prasanna, University of Michigan F Deformation Rings F Brandon Levin, The Special Seminar F How to Modify the Langlands p-adic Etale Cohomology of p-adic Symmetric University of Chicago Dual Group F Joseph Bernstein, Tel Aviv Spaces F Pierre Colmez, Université Pierre et University; Member, School of Mathematics Marie Curie; Member, School of Mathematics F November 10 The Mod p Derived Spherical Hecke Algebra: Workshop on Motives, Galois Representations, Structure and Applications F Niccolò Ronchetti, and Cohomology around the Langlands Program F Solvable Descent for Cuspidal

64 Members’ Seminar F Representations of Kauffman Mathematical Conversations F Approximate Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Bracket Skein Algebras of a Surface F Helen Prime Numbers F James Maynard, Member, Seminar F From Counting Markoff Triples to Wong, Carleton College; von Neumann School of Mathematics Apollonian Packings; a Path via Elliptic K3 Surfaces Fellow, School of Mathematics and Their Ample Cones F Arthur Baragar, Analysis Seminar F Nonuniqueness of Weak University of Nevada, Las Vegas November 21 Solutions to the Navier–Stokes Equation F Tristan Locally Symmetric Spaces Seminar F Buckmaster, Princeton University December 8 Automorphic Forms and Motivic Cohomology II F Mathematical Conversations F Proofs from Akshay Venkatesh, Stanford University; November 30 Algorithms, Algorithms from Proofs F Pravesh Distinguished Visiting Professor, School of Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Kothari, Princeton University; Member, School Mathematics of Mathematics Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Seminar F Locally Symmetric Spaces: p-adic Special Seminar F Diophantine Analysis in Thin Seminar F Joint Equidistribution of CM Points F Aspects F Laurent Fargues, Institut de Orbits F Alex Kontorovich, Rutgers, The Ilya Khayutin, Princeton University; Veblen Mathématiques de Jussieu–Paris Rive Gauche State University of New Jersey; von Neumann Research Instructor, School of Mathematics Fellow, School of Mathematics F Markoff Surfaces December 4 and Strong Approximation F Alexander Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar F Gamburd, The Graduate Center, The City Seminar II F A Practical Guide to Deep Learning F Open Gromov–Witten Theory of ( CP1, RP1) in All University of New York F Integral Points on Richard Zemel, University of Toronto; Visitor, Genera and Gromov–Witten Hurwitz Markoff-Type Cubic Surfaces F Amit Ghosh, School of Mathematics Correspondence F Amitai Netser Zernik, Oklahoma State University F An Asymptotic for Member, School of Mathematics the Growth of Markoff–Hurwitz Tuples F Ryan November 27 Ronan, Baruch College, The City University Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar F Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics of New York F Integral Points and Curves on Open Gopakumar–Vafa Conjecture for Rational Seminar I F General Strong Polarization F Moduli of Local Systems F Junho Peter Elliptic Surfaces F Yu-Shen Lin, Harvard Madhu Sudan, Harvard University Whang, Princeton University University Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory December 11 Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Seminar F Torsion for Abelian Varieties of Type III Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar F Seminar I F Locally Testable and Locally Correctable and New Cases of the Mumford–Tate Conjecture F Recent Developments in Knot Contact Homology F Codes Approaching the Gilbert–Varshamov Bound F Victoria Cantoral Farfan, The Abdus Salam Lenny Ng, Duke University Shubhangi Saraf, Rutgers, The State International Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of New Jersey Trieste, Italy Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Seminar I F Recent Advances in High-Dimensional Seminar on Theoretical Machine Learning F Members’ Seminar F Algebraic Combinatorics: Robust Statistics F Daniel Kane, University of Beyond Log-Concavity: Provable Guarantees for Applications to Statistical Mechanics and Complexity California, San Diego Sampling Multi-Modal Distributions Using Theory F Greta Panova, University of Simulated Tempering Langevin Monte Carlo F Pennsylvania; von Neumann Fellow, School of Seminar on Theoretical Machine Learning F Holden Lee, Princeton University Mathematics Learning with Little Data F Richard Zemel, University of Toronto; Visitor, School of Members’ Seminar F Everything You Wanted to December 5 Mathematics Know about Machine Learning but Didn’t Know Locally Symmetric Spaces Seminar F Motivic Whom to Ask F Sanjeev Arora, Princeton Correlators and Locally Symmetric Spaces IV F Members’ Seminar F Rigidity and Recurrence in University; Visiting Professor, School of Alexander Goncharov, Yale University; Symplectic Dynamics F Matthias Schwarz, Mathematics Member, School of Mathematics Universität Leipzig; Member, School of Mathematics November 28 Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Locally Symmetric Spaces Seminar F Seminar F Automorphy for Coherent Cohomology of December 12 Automorphic Forms and Motivic Cohomology III F Shimura Varieties F Jun Su, Princeton Locally Symmetric Spaces Seminar F Derived Akshay Venkatesh, Stanford University; University Deformation Rings for Group Representations F Distinguished Visiting Professor, School of Søren Galatius, Stanford University F Transfer Mathematics Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Operators between Relative Trace Formulas in Rank Seminar II F Short Proofs Are Hard to Find (Joint One F Yiannis Sakellaridis, Rutgers, The Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Work with Toni Pitassi and Hao Wei) F Ian Mertz, State University of New Jersey; von Neumann Seminar F Shimura Curves and New abc Bounds F University of Toronto Fellow, School of Mathematics Hector Pasten, Harvard University December 6 Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Analysis Seminar F Spectral Gaps without Seminar II F A PSPACE Construction of a Hitting Seminar II F Geometric Complexity Theory from a Frustration F Marius Christopher Lemm, Set for the Closure of Small Algebraic Circuits F Combinatorial Viewpoint F Greta Panova, California Institute of Technology; Member, Amir Shpilka, Tel Aviv University University of Pennsylvania; von Neumann School of Mathematics Fellow, School of Mathematics December 13 December 7 Mathematical Conversations F Real Zeros of November 29 Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Random Polynomials in Several Variables F Peter Ruth and Irving Adler Expository Lecture in Sarnak, Professor, School of Mathematics Mathematics F Lattices: From Geometry to Cryptography F Oded Regev, New York University

65 Analysis Seminar F Sieve Methods: What Are They, January 29 Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics and What Are They Good For? F James Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Seminar II F Outlier-Robust Estimation via Sum of Maynard, Member, School of Mathematics Seminar I F Explicit, Epsilon-Balanced Codes Close Squares F Pravesh Kothari, Princeton to the Gilbert–Varshamov Bound F Amnon Ta- University; Member, School of Mathematics December 14 Shma, Tel Aviv University Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory February 7 Seminar F Ordinary Primes in Hilbert Modular Members’ Seminar F Symmetries of Hamiltonian Mathematical Conversations F An Introduction to Varieties F Junecue Suh, University of Actions of Reductive Groups F David Ben-Zvi, Univalent Foundations F Daniel R. Grayson, California, Santa Cruz The University of Texas at Austin; Member, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; School of Mathematics Vistitor, School of Mathematics December 19 Locally Symmetric Spaces Seminar F Transfer January 30 Analysis Seminar F Nodal Sets of Laplace Operators between Relative Trace Formulas in Rank Locally Symmetric Spaces Seminar F Introduction Eigenfunctions F Aleksandr Logunov, One II F Yiannis Sakellaridis, Rutgers, The to Spherical Varieties, 1 F Michal Zydor, Member, School of Mathematics State University of New Jersey; von Neumann Member, School of Mathematics F Modular Fellow, School of Mathematics Symbols and Arithmetic F Romyar Sharifi, February 8 University of California, Los Angeles; Member, Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory January 16 School of Mathematics Seminar F The Galois Action on the Stable Locally Symmetric Spaces Seminar F Working Homology of Symplectic Groups over Z F Akshay Group on Microlocal Analysis and Automorphic Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Venkatesh, Stanford University; Distinguished Forms F Akshay Venkatesh, Stanford Seminar II F Explicit, Epsilon-Balanced Codes Visiting Professor, School of Mathematics University; Distinguished Visiting Professor, Close to the Gilbert–Varshamov Bound F Amnon School of Mathematics F Modular Symbols and Ta-Shma, Tel Aviv University Working Seminar in Algebraic Number Theory Arithmetic F Romyar Sharifi, University of California, Los Angeles; Member, School of January 31 February 12 Mathematics Mathematical Conversations F Randomness to Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar F Structure F Alex Kontorovich, Rutgers, The Critical Toric Surfaces and Applications F Weiwei January 17 State University of New Jersey; von Neumann Wu, University of Georgia Mathematical Conversations F Connections Fellow, School of Mathematics between Homotopy Theory and Number Theory F Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Irina Bobkova, Member, School of Analysis Seminar F Concentration Inequalities for Seminar I F Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction Mathematics Linear Cocycles and Their Applications to Problems in for Faster Kernel Methods in Machine Learning F Dynamics and Mathematical Physics F Silvius Christopher Musco, Massachusetts Institute January 22 Klein, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de of Technology Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Janeiro F Möbius Disjointness Conjecture: Uniform Seminar I F The Matching Problem in General Convergence and Entropy F Mariusz Members’ Seminar F Cocycles, Lyapunov Graphs Is in Quasi-NC F Ola Svensson, Lemanczyk, Nicolaus Copernicus University Exponents, Localization F Wilhelm Schlag, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne in Torun, Poland The University of Chicago; Visiting Professor, School of Mathematics Members’ Seminar F On a Conjecture for February 1 p-Torsion in Class Groups of Number Fields F Seminar on Theoretical Machine Learning F February 13 Lillian B. Pierce, Duke University; von Two Approaches to (Deep) Learning with Differential Locally Symmetric Spaces Seminar F Moment Neumann Fellow, School of Mathematics Privacy F Kunal Talwar, Google Brain Map for Spherical Varieties (after F. Knop) F Michal Zydor, Member, School of Mathematics, and January 23 February 5 Yiannis Sakellaridis, Rutgers, The State Locally Symmetric Spaces Seminar F Modular Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar F University of New Jersey; von Neumann Fellow, Symbols and Arithmetic F Romyar Sharifi, Immersed Lagrangians near SYZ Singular Fibers F School of Mathematics F The Ngô Action via University of California, Los Angeles; Member, Mohammed Abouzaid, Columbia Geometric Satake F David Ben Zvi, The School of Mathematics University University of Texas at Austin; Member, School of Mathematics Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Seminar II F A Constant-Factor Approximation Seminar I F Locally Repairable Codes, Storage Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Algorithm for the Asymmetric Traveling Salesman Capacity, and Index Coding F Arya Mazumdar, Seminar F Abstract Homomorphisms of Algebraic Problem F Ola Svensson, École Polytechnique University of Massachusetts Groups and Applications F Igor Rapinchuk, Fédérale de Lausanne Michigan State University Members’ Seminar F Some Things You Need to January 24 Know about Machine Learning but Didn’t Know Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Mathematical Conversations F Zeros of Laplace Whom to Ask (The Grad School Version) F Seminar II F Model Theory and Ultraproducts F Eigenfunctions F Aleksandr Logunov, Sanjeev Arora, Princeton University; Visiting Maryanthe Malliaris, The University of Member, School of Mathematics Professor, School of Mathematics Chicago; von Neumann Fellow, School of Mathematics January 25 February 6 Seminar on Theoretical Machine Learning F Locally Symmetric Spaces Seminar F Moment February 14 Prediction and Control of Linear Dynamical Map for Spherical Varieties (after F. Knop) F Michal Mathematical Conversations F The Ubiquity of Systems F Cyril Zhang, Princeton University Zydor, Member, School of Mathematics Matrix Tuples across Mathematics F Avi Wigderson, Herbert H. Maass Professor, School of Mathematics

66 Analysis Seminar F On the Long-Term Dynamics February 27 Colette Moeglin, Institut de Mathématiques of Nonlinear Dispersive Evolution Equations F Locally Symmetric Spaces Seminar F Invariant de Jussieu–Paris Rive Gauche F The Plancherel 2 Wilhelm Schlag, The University of Chicago; Differential Operators on Spherical Varieties Formula for L (GLn(F)\GlN(E)) and Applications to the Visiting Professor, School of Mathematics (continued) F Jonathan Peiyu Wang, Ichino–Ikeda and Formal Degree Conjectures for Member, School of Mathematics F Local to Unitary Groups F Raphael Beuzart-Plessis, February 15 Global Relations of Periods (continued) F Erez M. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Lapid, Weizmann Institute of Science; Member, Paris F Restriction Problem for Non-generic Seminar F Categorical Representations of Reductive School of Mathematics Representation of Arthur Type F Wee Teck Gan, Groups F David Ben-Zvi, The University of National University of Singapore F Relative Texas at Austin; Member, School of Mathematics Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Character Asymptotics and Applications F Paul Seminar F Concentration Properties of Theta Lifts F Nelson, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Working Seminar in Algebraic Number Theory Farrell Brumley, Université Paris 13; Member, Zürich School of Mathematics February 19 Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar F Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Seminar II F Boolean Function Analysis: Beyond Quantum Periods Theorem for Landau–Ginzburg Seminar II F On the Communication Complexity the Boolean Cube (continued) F Yuval Filmus, Potentials F Dmitry Tonkonog, University of of Classification Problems F Roi Livni, Princeton Technion–Israel Institute of Technology California, Berkeley University March 7 February 20 February 28 Workshop on Representation Theory and Locally Symmetric Spaces Seminar F Knop’s Mathematical Conversations F Bad Behavior F Analysis on Locally Symmetric Spaces F Thin Paper on Harish-Chandra Homomorphism for Lillian B. Pierce, Duke University; von Part of Arithmetic Locally Symmetric Spaces F Reductive Group Actions F Jonathan Peiyu Neumann Fellow, School of Mathematics Mikolaj Fraczyk, Alfréd Rényi Institute of Wang, Member, School of Mathematics F Local Mathematics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, to Global Relations of Periods F Erez M. Lapid, Analysis Seminar F Local Eigenvalue Statistics of Budapest F Analytic Torsion for Congruence Weizmann Institute of Science; Member, School Random Band Matrices F Tatyana Quotients of SL(n,R)/SO(n) F Jasmin Matz, of Mathematics Shcherbina, Princeton University The Hebrew University of Jerusalem F Endoscopy and Cohomology Growth on Unitary Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory March 1 Groups F Simon Lindsay Marshall, Seminar F Diophantine Approximation with Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory University of Wisconsin–Madison; Member, Arithmetically Small Points F Vesselin School of Mathematics Dimitrov, Member, School of Mathematics Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Seminar F Fontaine–Mazur Conjecture in the March 8 Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Residually Reducible Case F Lue Pan, Princeton Workshop on Representation Theory and Seminar II F Some Closure Results for Polynomial University Analysis on Locally Symmetric Spaces F Special Factorization F Mrinal Kumar, Harvard Cycles on Simple Shimura Varieties F Wei Zhang, University Seminar on Theoretical Machine Learning F Massachusetts Institute of Technology F Small-Loss Bounds for Online Learning with Partial Admissible Height Pairings of Algebraic Cycles F February 21 Information F Thodoris Lykouris, Cornell Shouwu Zhang, Princeton University F Mathematical Conversations F Dimension and University Arithmetic Theta Series F Stephan Kudla, Support of the Harmonic Measure; or, What Do University of Toronto F Euler Classes Brownian Travelers See? F Svitlana March 5 Transgressions and Eisenstein Cohomology of GLN F Mayboroda, University of Minnesota; von Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar F Nicolas Bergeron, Institut de Mathématiques Neumann Fellow, School of Mathematics Floer Cohomology and Maslov Flow F Chris de Jussieu Woodward, Rutgers, The State University of February 22 New Jersey March 9 Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Workshop on Representation Theory and Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Analysis on Locally Symmetric Spaces F The Seminar on Theoretical Machine Learning F On Seminar I F Boolean Function Analysis: Beyond the Present State of the Jacquet–Rallis Trace Formula F the Optimization of Deep Networks: Implicit Boolean Cube F Yuval Filmus, Technion–Israel Pierre-Henri Chaudouard, Institut de Acceleration by Overparameterization F Nadav Institute of Technology Mathématiques de Jussieu–Paris Rive Gauche F Cohen, Member, School of Mathematics Ax–Schanuel for Shimura Varieties F Jacob Workshop on Representation Theory and Tsimerman, University of Toronto F February 26 Analysis on Locally Symmetric Spaces F Endoscopy and Cohomology Growth on Unitary Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar F Representations of p-adic Groups F Jessica Groups F Simon Lindsay Marshall, Chain Level Loop Bracket and Pseudo-holomorphic Fintzen, Member, School of Mathematics F University of Wisconsin–Madison; Member, Disks F Kei Irie, Kyoto University Supercuspidal L-Packets F Tasho Kaletha, School of Mathematics F Nodal Domains for University of Michigan F Wave-Front Set of Some Maass Forms F Peter Sarnak, Professor, School Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Representations of Unipotent Reduction of the Group of Mathematics Seminar I F A Tight Bound for Hypergraph SO(2n+1) F Jean-Loup Waldspurger, Regularity F Guy Moshkovitz, Harvard Institut de Mathématiques de Jussieu–Paris Rive March 12 University Gauche Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar F Higher Ribbon Graphs F David Nadler, Members’ Seminar F Representations of p-adic March 6 University of California, Berkeley Groups F Jessica Fintzen, Member, School of Workshop on Representation Theory and Mathematics Analysis on Locally Symmetric Spaces F About the Conjecture of Sakellaridis and Venkatesh on the Discrete Series for Archimedean Symmetric Spaces F

67 Members’ Seminar F Math for Underprivileged Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory High School Kids F Rajiv Gandhi, Program on Seminar II F Operator Scaling via Geodesically Seminar F The Structure of Generic Tame Type Algorithmic and Combinatorial Thinking Convex Optimization, Invariant Theory, and Galois Deformation Rings F Bao V. Le Hung, (PACT), and Dan Zaharopol, Bridge to Enter Polynomial Identity Testing (continued) F Yuanzhi Member, School of Mathematics Advanced Mathematics (BEAM) Li, Princeton University Library Book Event F Piero della Francesca (ca. March 13 March 21 1410–92), Painter/Mathematician: A Gift Locally Symmetric Spaces Seminar F Analysis Seminar F Vertical Perimeter versus Concentration Properties of Automorphic Forms and Horizontal Perimeter F Assaf Naor, Princeton April 2 Spherical Varieties F Farrell Brumley, Université University; Member, School of Mathematics Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar F Paris 13; Member, School of Mathematics F Generating the Fukaya Categories via Koszul Period Mappings Are Definable in the O-Minimal March 26 Duality F Yin Li, University College London Structure R{an,exp} F Jacob Tsimerman, Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar F University of Toronto F Bounds for Character Open Quantum Kirwan Map F Guangbo Xu, Members’ Seminar F On Expressiveness and Twists of L-Functions F Paul Nelson, Princeton University Optimization in Deep Learning F Nadav Cohen, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich Member, School of Mathematics Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Seminar I F Circuit Lower Bounds for April 3 Seminar F The Weyl Law for Algebraic Tori F Ian Nondeterministic Quasi-Polytime: An Easy Witness Locally Symmetric Spaces Seminar F Kirillov Petrow, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Lemma for NP and NQP F Cody Murray, Theory and Its Applications (continued) F Ju-Lee Zürich Massachusetts Institute of Technology Kim, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Member, School of Mathematics Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Members’ Seminar F Kazhdan–Lusztig Theory for Seminar II F Abstract Convexity, Weak Epsilon- Matroids F June Huh, Visiting Professor, Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Nets, and Radon Number F Shay Moran, School of Mathematics Seminar F The Generalized Whittaker Function on University of California, San Diego; Member, Quaternionic Exceptional Groups F Aaron School of Mathematics March 27 Pollack, Member, School of Mathematics Locally Symmetric Spaces Seminar F March 14 Semiclassical Analysis, Amplification, and Marston Morse Lectures F Exceptional Holonomy Mathematical Conversations F Synthetic Subconvexity F Simon Lindsay Marshall, and Related Geometric Structures: Basic Theory F Homotopy Theory: Going Beyond Set-Level University of Wisconsin–Madison; Member, Simon Donaldson, Stony Brook University, Mathematics F Guillaume Brunerie, Member, School of Mathematics F Analytic Aspects of The State University of New York School of Mathematics Arthur’s Trace Formula F Tobias Finis, Universität Leipzig April 4 March 15 Marston Morse Lectures F Exceptional Holonomy Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory and Related Geometric Structures: Examples and Seminar F Summation Formulae and Speculations Moduli Theory F Simon Donaldson, Stony Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory on Period Integrals Attached to Triples of Automorphic Brook University, The State University of New Seminar F Fourier–Jacobi Cycles and Derivative of Representations F Jayce Getz, Duke University; York L-Functions F Yifeng Liu, Northwestern Member, School of Mathematics University U.S. Income Tax Seminar for Members Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics March 19 Seminar II F Heisenberg Geometry and the April 5 Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Goemans–Linial SDP F Assaf Naor, Princeton Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Seminar I F Operator Scaling via Geodesically University; Member, School of Mathematics Convex Optimization, Invariant Theory, and Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Polynomial Identity Testing F Yuanzhi Li, March 28 Seminar F Arithmetic of Automorphic L-Functions F Princeton University Mathematical Conversations F Hyperbolic Anantharam Raghuram, Indian Institute of Geometry and Quantum Invariants in Dimension Science Education and Research; Member, Members’ Seminar F The Hidden Landscape of 3 F Helen Wong, Carleton College; von School of Mathematics Localization F Svitlana Mayboroda, Neumann Fellow, School of Mathematics University of Minnesota; von Neumann Fellow, Seminar on Theoretical Machine Learning F A School of Mathematics Analysis Seminar F Polynomial Carleson Operators Compressed Sensing View of Unsupervised Text along the Paraboloid F Lillian B. Pierce, Duke Embeddings, Bag-of-n-Grams, and LSTMs F March 20 University; von Neumann Fellow, School of Mikhail Khodak, Princeton University Locally Symmetric Spaces Seminar F Mathematics Concentration Properties of Automorphic Forms and April 6 Spherical Varieties (continued) F Farrell Brumley, March 29 Marston Morse Lectures F Exceptional Holonomy Université Paris 13; Member, School of Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory and Related Geometric Structures: Dimension Mathematics F Semiclassical Analysis, Reduction and Boundary Value Problems F Simon Amplification, and Subconvexity F Simon Locally Symmetric Spaces Seminar F Kirillov Donaldson, Stony Brook University, The State Lindsay Marshall, University of Wisconsin– Theory and Its Applications F Ju-Lee Kim, University of New York Madison; Member, School of Mathematics Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Member, School of Mathematics April 7 Workshop on Topology: Identifying Order in Complex Systems F Topologies of the Zero Sets of Random Real Projective Hypersurfaces and of Monochromatic Waves F Peter Sarnak, Professor,

68 School of Mathematics F Topological Filters: A Emerging Topics Working Group F Growth of Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Toolbox for Processing Dynamic Signals F Michael Sobolev Norms for the Cubic NLS near 1D Seminar F Ax–Schanuel Results for Shimura Robinson, American University F Fitting Quasiperiodic Solutions F Marcel Guardia, Varieties F Jonathan Pila, University of Manifolds to Data F Charlie Fefferman, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya F The Way Oxford Princeton University F Studying Fluid Flows with Weak K.A.M. Pseudographs of Symplectic Twist Persistent Homology F Rachel Levanger, Maps Fill the Annulus F Marie-Claude Seminar on Theoretical Machine Learning F University of Pennsylvania F Protein Folding Arnaud, Université d’Avignon Entire Regularization Path for Maximum Entropy Characterization via Persistent Homology F Marcio Models F Yoram Singer, Princeton University Gameiro, Universidade de São Paolo Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Seminar F S-Operators via the Categorical Trace F April 30 April 9 Xinwen Zhu, California Institute of Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar F Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar F Technology Birational Calabi–Yau Manifolds Have the Same Fukaya Categories of Calabi–Yau Hypersurfaces F Small Quantum Products F Mark McLean, Paul Seidel, Massachusetts Institute of Seminar on Theoretical Machine Learning F Stony Brook University, The State University of Technology; Member, School of Mathematics Stability and Generalization in Adaptive Data New York Analysis F Vitaly Feldman, Google Brain Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics May 1 Seminar I F Large Deviations in Random Graphs F April 16 Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Eyal Lubetzky, New York University Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar F Seminar F A Converse to a Theorem of Gross– The Wrapped Fukaya Category of a Weinstein Zagier, Kolyvagin, and Rubin II F Ashay Emerging Topics Working Group F Arnold Manifold Is Generated by the Lagrangian Cocore Burungale, Université Paris 13; Member, Diffusion for “Complete” Families of Perturbations Disks F Georgios Dimitroglou Rizell, School of Mathematics with Two or Three Independent Harmonics F Uppsala University Amadeu Delshams, Universitat Politècnica May 3 de Catalunya F Symplectic Geometry of Hyperbolic Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Cylinders and Their Homoclinic Intersections F Seminar I F Sums of Squares over k-Subset Jean-Pierre Marco, Université Pierre et Hypercubes F Annie Raymond, University of Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Marie Curie Massachusetts Seminar F A p-adically Entire Function with Integral Values on Qp and p-adic Fourier Diophantine Analysis working group seminar F April 17 Expansions F Francesco Baldassarri, Steenrod Operations and Tate’s Conjecture on the Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Università degli Studi di Padova Brauer Group of a Surface F Tony Feng, Stanford Seminar F A New Northcott Property for Faltings University Height F Lucia Mocz, Princeton University May 7 Special Seminar F Benjamini–Schramm April 10 Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Convergence and Eigenfunctions on Riemannian Emerging Topics Working Group F A General Seminar II F A Simple Proof of a Reverse Manifolds F Miklos Abert, Alfréd Rényi Shadowing Result for Normally Hyperbolic Invariant Minkowski Inequality F Noah Stephens- Institute of Mathematics, Hungarian Academy Manifolds and Its Application to Arnold Diffusion F Davidowitz, Visitor, School of Mathematics of Sciences, Budapest Tere Seara, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya F Some Geometric Mechanisms for April 19 May 8 Arnold Diffusion F Rafael de la Llave, Georgia Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Locally Symmetric Spaces Seminar F Institute of Technology Eigenfunctions and Random Waves on Locally Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Symmetric Spaces in the Benjamini–Schramm Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Seminar F Mod p Points on Shimura Varieties with Limit F Nicolas Bergeron, Université Pierre Seminar F Nonspherical Poincaré Series, Cusp Parahoric Level Structure F Rong Zhou, Member, et Marie Curie Forms, and L-Functions for GL(3) F Jack School of Mathematics Buttcane, University at Buffalo, The State Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory University of New York Seminar on Theoretical Machine Learning F Seminar F Towards Counting Rational Points on Online Improper Learning with an Approximation Genus g Curves F Ziyang Gao, Princeton Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Oracle F Zhiyuan Li, Princeton University University; Member, School of Mathematics Seminar II F Explicit Binary Tree Codes with Polylogarithmic Size Alphabet F Gil Cohen, April 23 May 10 Princeton University; Visitor, School of Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar F Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Mathematics Mirror Spaces from Formal Deformation of Lagrangians and Their Gluing F Hansol Hong, Special Probability Seminar F Percolation of Sign April 11 Harvard University Clusters for the Gaussian Free Field I F Pierre- Emerging Topics Working Group F Diffusion François Rodriguez, University of California, along Chains of Normally Hyperbolic Cylinders F April 24 Los Angeles Marian Gidea, Yeshiva University F Arnold Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Diffusion and Mather Theory F Ke Zhang, Seminar F Algorithms for the Topology of Arithmetic Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory University of Toronto Groups and Hecke Actions II F Michael Seminar F Goldfeld’s Conjecture and Congruences Lipnowski, Member, School of Mathematics between Heegner Points F Chao Li, Columbia Mathematical Conversations F Ordinary Points University Mod p of Hyperbolic 3-Manifolds F Mark April 26 Goresky, Visitor, School of Mathematics Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory

April 12 Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory

69 May 11 Cryptography F Kristin Lauter, Microsoft Technion–Israel Institute of Technology F Special Probability Seminar F Percolation of Sign Research F Advanced Review Session F Women in Capacities, Hyperbolicity, Submodularity, and All the Clusters for the Gaussian Free Field II F Pierre- Science Seminar Ambassador Program Results Jazz . . . F Leonid Gurvits, The City College François Rodriguez, University of California, of New York Los Angeles May 25 2018 Program for Women and Mathematics F July 11 May 15 Mathematics in Cryptography F Toni Bluher, Conference for African-American Researchers Special Mathematics Physics Seminar F An National Security Agency F Mathematics of Post- in the Mathematical Sciences Introduction to Liouville Theory F Antti Quantum Cryptography F Kristin Lauter, Kupiainen, University of Helsinki Microsoft Research F Research Seminars July 12 Conference for African-American Researchers May 17 June 4 in the Mathematical Sciences Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Optimization, Complexity, and Invariant Seminar F A New p-adic Maass–Shimura Operator Theory F Motivations, Connections, and Scope of School of Natural Sciences and Supersingular Rankin–Selberg p-adic the Workshop F Avi Wigderson, Herbert H. L-functions F Daniel Kriz, Princeton University Maass Professor, School of Mathematics F A

Gentle Introduction to Group Representation ASTROPHYSICS ACTIVITIES May 19 Theory F Peter Buergisser, Technische September 11 2018 Program for Women and Mathematics Universität Berlin F An Introduction to Invariant Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Theory F Harm Derksen, University of Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch May 20 Michigan Discussion F Organizational Meeting F Matias 2018 Program for Women and Mathematics Zaldarriaga, Professor, School of Natural June 5 Sciences; David Spergel, Princeton University Institute Film Series in partnership with Women Optimization, Complexity, and Invariant and Center for Computational Astrophysics, and Mathematics Theory F Tensors: Rank, Entropy, and Flatiron Institute; and Jo Dunkley, Princeton Entanglement F Matthias Christandl, University May 21 University of Coppenhagen F Introduction to 2018 Program for Women and Mathematics F Geometric Invariant Theory I: Noncommutative September 14 Mathematics in Cryptography F Toni Bluher, Duality F Ankit Garg, Microsoft Research Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Convection National Security Agency F Beginner Review New England F Introduction to Geometric Invariant Affects Magnetic Turbulence in White Dwarf Accretion Session F Mathematics in Post-Quantum Theory II: Moment Polytopes F Michael Walter, Disks F Matthew Coleman, Member, School Cryptography F Kristin Lauter, Microsoft University of Amsterdam F Alternate of Natural Sciences Research F Advanced Review Session F Research Minimization Algorithms for Scaling Problems and Seminars F NTRU Lattice-Based Algorithms: Their Analysis F Rafael Oliveira, University of September 19 History and Modern Developments F Jill Pipher, Toronto Institute for Advanced Study/Princeton Brown University University Joint Astrophysics Colloquium F June 6 Circumgalactic Precipitation F Mark Voit, May 22 Optimization, Complexity, and Invariant Michigan State University 2018 Program for Women and Mathematics F Theory F An Algebraic Algorithm for Mathematics in Cryptography F Toni Bluher, Noncommutative Rank over Any Field F K. V. September 21 National Security Agency F Beginner Review Subrahmanyam, Chennai Mathematical Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Magnetic Fields Session F Mathematics in Post-Quantum Institute F Some PIT Problems in the Light of the in the Interstellar Medium F Susan E. Clark, Cryptography F Kristin Lauter, Microsoft Noncommutative Rank Algorithm F Gábor Member, School of Natural Sciences Research F Advanced Review Session F Research Ivanyos, Institute of Computer Science and Seminars/Ambassador Review F Ambassador Control, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, September 26 Program Introduction F Women in Science Seminar: Budapest F Algorithmic Invariant Theory F Visu Institute for Advanced Study/Princeton Career Panel Makam, University of Michigan F Geometric University Joint Astrophysics Colloquium F Complexity Theory (GCT): Algorithmic Challenges Rejuvenation of Stars, Metal Enrichment, and May 23 in Invariant Theory F Ketan D. Mulmuley, Implants of Gravitational Wave Generators in AGN Special Seminar F Approximate Spectral Theory in The University of Chicago Disks: Analogue of Planetary Systems Around Heterogeneous Media, Asymptotic Ballistic Transport, Massive Black Holes F Doug Lin, Lick and Beyond? F Antoine Gloria, Laboratoire June 7 Observatory; Member, School of Natural Jacques-Louis Lions, Université Paris 1 Optimization, Complexity, and Invariant Sciences Panthéon-Sorbonne Theory F The Dynamics of Regularized Flows on Convex Bodies F James Lee, University of September 28 May 24 Washington F An Introduction to Geodesic Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Binary Mergers Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Convexity F Nisheeth Vishnoi, École in Nonspherical Nuclear Star Clusters F Cristobal Seminar F Burgess Bounds for Short Character Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne F Operator Petrovich, Canadian Institute for Theoretical Sums in New Settings F Lillian B. Pierce, Duke Scaling via Geodesically Convex Optimization, Astrophysics University; von Neumann Fellow, School of Invariant Theory and Polynomial Identity Testing F Mathematics Yuanzhi Li, Princeton University F Solution to October 3 the Paulsen Problem (via Operator Scaling) F Lap Institute for Advanced Study/Princeton 2018 Program for Women and Mathematics F Chi Lau, University of Waterloo University Joint Astrophysics Colloquium F Mathematics in Cryptography F Toni Bluher, Exoplanet Demographics versus Host Star Mass: National Security Agency F Beginner Review June 8 Clues to Formation from Direct Imaging F Michael Session F Mathematics in Post-Quantum Optimization, Complexity, and Invariant Meyer, University of Michigan Theory F Combinatorial Methods for PIT (and Ranks of Matrix Spaces) F Roy Meshulam,

70 October 5 October 26 November 27 Astrophysics Informal Seminar F The First Astrophysics Informal Seminar F On the Origin Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Detection of Warm Ionized Disk Around the Galactic of the Magic Scale of Galaxies F Avishai Dekel, Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch Center Black Hole SgrAF Elena Murchikova, Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew Discussion F Beyond CMB Cosmic Variance Limits California Institute of Technology University of Jerusalem, and Center for on Reionization with the Polarized SZ Effect F Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute Joel Myers, Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Zooming in on Astrophysics Planet-Forming Zones of Disks Around Young October 30 Stars F Ewine van Dishoeck, Leiden Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Astrophysics Informal Seminar F The Troubled Observatory and Max-Planck-Institut für Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch Puberty of the Solar System F Simon Portegies Extraterrestrische Physik Discussion F Exploring Neutrino Masses and Zwart, Leiden Observatory Relativistic Effects with Large-Scale Structures F October 9 Elena Giusarma, Carnegie Mellon University November 28 Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Institute for Advanced Study/Princeton Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch November 2 University Joint Astrophysics Colloquium F Discussion F Integrated Approach to Cosmology F Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Convection in Growing Black Holes in Growing Galaxies F Andrina Nicola, Eidgenössische Technische Cool Stars, as Revealed through Stellar Brightness Marta Volonteri, Institut d’Astrophysique de Hochschule Zürich F Cosmology Results from the and Radial Velocity Variations F Fabienne Paris Dark Energy Survey Year 1 F Elisabeth Krause, Bastien, The Pennsylvania State University Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and November 29–December 1 Cosmology and SLAC National Accelerator November 3 Stellar Dynamics in Galactic Nuclei Workshop F Laboratory Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Kepler’s Review—Our Galactic Center: A Unique Laboratory Multiple Planet Systems F Jack Lissauer, Space for the Physics and Astrophysics of Black Holes F October 10 Science and Astrobiology at Ames, National Andrea Ghez, University of California, Los Institute for Advanced Study/Princeton Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Angeles F An Update on Monitoring Stellar Orbits University Joint Astrophysics Colloquium F in the Galactic Center F Stefen Gillessen, Dynamics of Strongly Magnetic Neutron Stars F November 7 Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Yuri Levin, Columbia University and Center Institute for Advanced Study/Princeton Physik F Investigating the Relativistic Motion of the for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron University Joint Astrophysics Colloquium F Stars near the Supermassive Black Hole in the Institute What Can We Learn from Cosmic Structure? F Galactic Center F Andreas Eckart, Universität Benjamin Wandelt, Sorbonne Université and zu Köln F Dynamics in the Galactic Center—the October 12 Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Effect of Binaries F Re’em Sari, Racah Institute Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Distances to Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Gaia Stars F Lauren Anderson, Center for Jerusalem F Tidal Disruption Events from Eccentric Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute November 9 Nuclear Disks F Ann-Marie Madigan, Astrophysics Informal Seminar F On Detection of University of Colorado F Tidal Capture Runaway October 17 FRBs and Pulsars in Relativistic Binary Systems F and the Formation of Seed Massive Black Holes F Institute for Advanced Study/Princeton Barak Zackay, Member, School of Natural Jeremiah Ostriker, Princeton University F University Joint Astrophysics Colloquium F Sciences Tidal Disruption Event Rates: Diagnostics of Stellar Numerical Simulations of Black Hole Accretion F Dynamics Inside the Sphere of Influence F Ramesh Narayan, Harvard-Smithsonian November 13 Nicholas Stone, Columbia University F Center for Astrophysics Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Review—Gravitational Wave Sources in Galactic Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch Nuclei F Bence Kocsis, Eötvös Loránd October 19 Discussion F Separate Universe Simulations with University F Black Hole Mergers in Nuclear Star Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Tidal Massive Neutrinos F Chi-Ting Chiang, Stony Clusters F Fabio Antonini, University of Disruption Events: Accretion Flows Doing What They Brook University, The State University of New Surrey F Seed Binary Black Hole Production and Shouldn’t F Julian Krolik, Johns Hopkins York Coalescence in Disks Around AGNs F Doug Lin, University Lick Observatory; Member, School of Natural November 14 Sciences F Binary Dynamics within Galactic October 23 Institute for Advanced Study/Princeton Nuclei F Smadar Naoz, University of Princeton University/Institute for Advanced University Joint Astrophysics Colloquium F California, Los Angeles F On the Rate of Black Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch Accessing Cosmic Dawn via the Hydrogen Epoch of Hole Binary Mergers in Galactic Nuclei Due to Discussion F Equivalence Principle in Scalar-Tensor Reionization Array F Adrian Liu, University of Dynamical Hardening F Nathan Leigh, Theories F Lasma Alberte, Scuola California, Berkeley American Museum of Natural History F The Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Gravitational Capture of Compact Objects by Kerr Trieste November 17 Supermassive Black Holes F Pau Amaro- Astrophysics Informal Seminar F The Evection Seoane, Institut d’Estudis Espacials de October 24 Resonance: A Resurrection in Three Movements F Catalunya F Stellar Winds near Massive Black Institute for Advanced Study/Princeton Jihad Touma, American University of Beirut; Holes: The Case of the S-Stars F Nora University Joint Astrophysics Colloquium F The Member, School of Natural Sciences Lützgendorf, European Space Agency and New Jupiter: Results from the Juno Mission F Scott Space Telescope Science Institute, NASA, Bolton, Southwest Research Institute November 21 Baltimore F Kinetic Theory of Stellar Systems F Institute for Advanced Study/Princeton Pierre-Henri Chavanis, Laboratoire de University Joint Astrophysics Colloquium F Physique Théorique et Hautes Energies, Exploring the Galactic Halo with Gaia F Vasily Universités Paris VI–VII F Review—Kinetic Belokurov, University of Cambridge Theory in Galactic Centers F Christophe Pichon, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris F Modelling the Eccentric Disk of M31 F John

71 Magorrian, University of Oxford F Review— within Clusters—Hints from Velocity Distributions F February 22 Whither Resonant Relaxation? F Jihad Touma, Susmita Adhikhari, Kavli Institute for Astrophysics Informal Seminar F MOSFiT: American University of Beirut; Member, School Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology Working Together to Understand Energetic of Natural Sciences F Equilibrium and Stability of Transients F James Guillochon, Institute for Differentially Rotating Stellar Systems F Anna December 12 Theory and Computation, Harvard-Smithsonian Lisa Varri, The University of Edinburgh F Institute for Advanced Study/Princeton Center for Astrophysics Radial Orbit and Loss Cone Instabilities in Spherical University Joint Astrophysics Colloquium F Fast Systems F Evgeny Polyachenko, Russian Radio Bursts F Victoria Kaspi, McGill February 26 Academy of Sciences, Moscow F Review— University Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Supermassive BHs Mergers F Marta Volonteri, Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris F Dynamical December 14 Discussion F Unveiling Cosmic Voids in Large-Scale Friction and the Evolution of Supermassive Black Astrophysics Informal Seminar F New Frontiers Structure Surveys: The Impact of Tracer Bias on Hole Binaries: The Final Hundred-Parsec Problem F in Cosmology F Cora Dvorkin, Harvard Voids F Giorgia Pollina, Ludwig-Maximilians- Fani Dosopoulou, Northwestern University F University Universität München Implications of the Eccentric Kozai-Lidov Mechanism for Stars Surrounding Supermassive Black Hole January 4 March 1 Binaries F Gongjie Li, Harvard-Smithsonian Astrophysics Informal Seminar F How Habitable Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Celestial Fluid Center for Astrophysics F Dynamics of Massive Are “Habitable” Planets? F Manasvi Lingam, Mechanics: New Perspectives on the Hydrodynamics of Black Hole Triplets: Promising Sources for LISA and Institute for Theory and Computation, Harvard- Astrophysical Disks F Gordon Ogilvie, Pulsar Timing F Alberto Sesana, University of Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics University of Cambridge Birmingham F Observational Constraints on the Formation and Evolution of the Milky Nuclear Star January 16 March 8 Cluster F Tuan Do, University of California, Astrophysics Informal Seminar F White Dwarf– Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Frankenstein Los Angles F GRAVITY in the Galactic Center F Neutron Star Mergers: From Peculiar Supernovae to Peers at the Milky Way Galaxy F Wyn Evans, Frank Eisenhauer, Max-Planck-Institut für Pulsar Planets F Ben Tal Margalit, Columbia Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge Extraterrestrische Physik F The Stellar Cusp University Around the Milky Way’s Central Black Hole F March 12 Rainer Schödel, Instituto de Astrofísica de January 22 Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Andalucía F Galaxy Collision Simulations with Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch Central Post-Newtonian Supermassive Binary Black Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch Discussion F Chiral Gravitational Waves and Holes F Peter Berczik, Main Astronomical Discussion F Unveiling Dark Structures with Baryon Superfluid Dark Matter F Evan Observatory, National Academy of Sciences of Accurate Weak Lensing F Ricardo Herbonnet, McDonough, Brown University Ukraine F Direct Million-Body Simulation of the Stony Brook University, The State University of Galactic Center F Taras Panamarev, Fesenkov New York March 15 Astrophysical Institute, Kazakhstan F Ergodicity in Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Constraining Chaotic Self-gravitating Systems F Simon January 25 Planetary Histories with New Architectures: Resonant Portegies Zwart, Leiden Observatory F Astrophysics Informal Seminar F New Chains and Circumbinary Orbits F Daniel Hierarchical Triple Systems: Effects of Higher Information in Ancient Photons: Novel Approaches to Fabrycky, The University of Chicago Multipoles and General Relativity F Clifford Will, CMB Foregrounds and Secondary Anisotropies F University of Florida F Hypervelocity Stars in the James Colin Hill, Center for Computational March 16 GAIA Era F Elena Maria Rossi, Leiden Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute; Member, School Astrophysics Informal Seminar F The Complex Observatory F Secular Dynamics and Systematic of Natural Sciences Circumgalactic Medium F Hsiao-Wen Chen, Eccentricity Changes of Inspiraling IMBHs F Yuri The University of Chicago Levin, Columbia University and Center for February 5 Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute F Astrophysics Informal Seminar F The Full March 19 The Ecology of the Galactic Center F Melvyn Transient Sky at <17 mag F Subo Dong, The Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Davies, Lund Observatory Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics at Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch Peking University Discussion F Cross-correlating Galaxy Surveys with December 5 CMB Lensing F Eric Baxter, University of Institute for Advanced Study/Princeton Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Pennsylvania University Joint Astrophysics Colloquium F Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch Hearing and Seeing GW170817 F Daniel Holz, Discussion F Counts in Cells: Large-Scale Structure March 22 The University of Chicago in the Semiclassical Approximation F Mikhail Astrophysics Informal Seminar F The New Era of Ivanov, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Galactic Archaeology F Yuan-Sen Ting, December 7 Lausanne Member, Institute for Advanced Study Astrophysics Informal Seminar F The New Phase Space Complexity of Old Globular Clusters F February 8 April 2 Anna Lisa Varri, The University of Edinburgh Astrophysics Informal Seminar F A Galactic-Scale Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Gravitational Wave Detector F Maura Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch December 11 McLaughlin, West Virginia University Discussion F Can Early Dark Energy Explain Princeton University/Institute for Advanced EDGES? F James Colin Hill, Center for Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch February 16 Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute; Discussion F Reducing Noise in N-Body Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Neutron Star Member, School of Natural Sciences Simulations with Massive Neutrinos F Arka Mergers and ULTRASAT F Eli Waxman, Banerjee, Kavli Institute for Particle Weizmann Institute of Science Astrophysics and Cosmology F Galaxy Evolution

72 April 5 May 24 Special High Energy Theory Seminar F Indices, Astrophysics Informal Seminar F NICER Early Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Dynamics of Localization, Rational Invariants, and H-Saddles F Operations and Initial Results F Keith Eccentric Disks F Ryan Miranda, Member, Piljin Yi, Korea Institute for Advanced Study Gendreau, National Aeronautics and Space School of Natural Sciences Administration (NASA) October 11 June 4 Physics Group Meeting F Delineating the April 11 Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Swampland via the Weak Gravity Conjecture F Astrophysics Informal Seminar F The Curious Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch Thomas Rudelius, Member, School of Case of Lyman-alpha Emitting Galaxies F Zheng Discussion F General Discussion F Matias Natural Sciences Zheng, University of Utah Zaldarriaga, Professor, School of Natural Sciences; David Spergel, Princeton University October 20 April 12 and Center for Computational Astrophysics, High Energy Theory Seminar F Broken Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Astrophysical Flatiron Institute; and Jo Dunkley, Princeton Symmetry Effects on Hydrodynamic Transport F Probes of Dark Matter: The Road Ahead F University Anna Karlsson, Member, School of Natural Francis-Yan Cyr-Racine, Harvard University Sciences June 7 April 16 Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Exploring the October 25 Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Diversity of Exoplanets through Their Birth Physics Group Meeting F Boundary State Black Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch Environments in Star Clusters F Maxwell Xu Holes: Escapability and Reconstruction of the Discussion F Does Planck 2015 Polarization Favor Cia, Leiden Observatory Interior F Ahmed Almheiri, Member, School High Redshift Reionization? F Chen He of Natural Sciences Heinrich, California Institute of Technology HIGH ENERGY THEORY October 30 April 19 ACTIVITIES High Energy Theory Seminar F What Does the Astrophysics Informal Seminar F Simulations of Revolution in Artificial Intelligence Mean for Disks, Jets, and Other Black Hole–Powered September 4 Physics? F Kyle Cranmer, New York University Transients F Alexander Tchekhovskoy, High Energy Theory Seminar F Asymptotic Northwestern University Symmetries in Effective Field Theories F Prahar November 8 Mitra, Member, School of Natural Sciences Physics Group Meeting F Singularities and the April 26 Amplituhedron F Marcus Spradlin, Brown Astrophysics Informal Seminar F The Origin of September 18 University; Member, School of Natural Sciences Heavy Elements F Jonas Lippuner, Los High Energy Theory Seminar F The Quantum Alamos National Laboratory Null Energy Condition from Causality F Thomas November 13 Faulkner, University of Illinois at Urbana- High Energy Theory Seminar F Quantum Closed April 30 Champaign Superstring Field Theory and the Weil-Petersson Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Symplectic Geometry F Roji Pius, Perimeter Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch September 22 Institute for Theoretical Physics Discussion F New Approaches to Nonlinear Density High Energy Theory Seminar F Correlation Field Evolution and Triaxial Collapse F Zachary Functions in N=4 SYM from Integrability F Shota November 27 Slepian, University of California, Berkeley Komatsu, Member, School of Natural Sciences High Energy Theory Seminar F Information Loss and Bulk Reconstruction in AdS3/CFT2 F May 3 September 27 Andrew Liam Fitzpatrick, Boston University Astrophysics Informal Seminar F The Kinematics Physics Group Meeting F Markovian Property of of Inflation, Preheating, and Heating: A Playground Vacuum State and the a-theorem F Horacio December 5–6 for Kolmogorov-Sinai and Shannon Entropies F J. Casini, Centro Atómico Bariloche, Argentina; Quantum Information and Black Holes Richard Bond, Canadian Institute for Visitor, School of Natural Sciences Workshop F Near-Coherent Scrambling F Alexei Theoretical Astrophysics; Member, School of Kitaev, California Institute of Technology F Natural Sciences October 2 Non-perturbative Bulk Reconstruction F Daniel High Energy Theory Seminar F Twofold Jafferis, Harvard University F QM=GR? F May 10 Symmetries and Simplification of the Gravity Leonard Susskind, Stanford University F Astrophysics Informal Seminar F The Epoch of Action F Grant Remmen, University of Trying to Tame Two Times F Steve Shenker, Reionization: What Can We Learn About It? F California, Berkeley Stanford University F Modular Flow as a Alexander A. Kaurov, Member, School of Disentangler F Xiaoliang Qi, Stanford Natural Sciences October 5 University; Junior Visiting Professor, School of Special High Energy Theory Seminar F Natural Sciences F Solving SYK F Vladimir May 14 Constraints on Particle Physics and Inflation from Rosenhaus, Kavli Institute for Theoretical Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Quantum Gravity Conjectures F Irene Physics, University of California, Santa Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch Valenzuela, Max-Planck-Institut für Physik Barbara F The SYK Model at Low Energies F Discussion F CHIME: The Canadian Hydrogen Guy Gur-Ari, Member, School of Natural Intensity Mapping Experiment F Kendrick October 9 Sciences F Quantum Error Correction and the Black Smith, Perimeter Institute for Theoretical High Energy Theory Seminar F Causality and Hole Interior F Ahmed Almheiri, Member, Physics the Length Operator F Thomas Hartman, School of Natural Sciences F A Comment on the Cornell University Regge/Chaos Limit and a Comment on BHs with May 17 Long Interiors F Douglas Stanford, Long- Astrophysics Informal Seminar F The Physics of October 10 term Member, School of Natural Sciences F AGN-Driven Galactic Winds F Claude-André Informal Physics Discussion F Lorentz Covariant Discussion on Black Hole Entropy F Aron Wall, Faucher-Giguère, Northwestern University Theories with Causality Violation F Harvey Reall, University of Cambridge

73 Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics F March 23 May 18 Discussion on the Status of the Black Hole High Energy Theory Seminar F A Few Uses for High Energy Theory Seminar F Conformal Information Paradox Theoretical Physics in Machine Learning F Dan Fishnet Theory F Vladimir Kazakov, École Roberts, Facebook AI Research Normale Supérieure, Paris December 11 High Energy Theory Seminar F Constraints on April 2 May 31 Interacting Massive High Spins F Kurt High Energy Theory Seminar F 6d Theories on Informal High Energy Theory Seminar F Hinterbichler, Case Western Reserve Circle and Curves F Cumrun Vafa, Harvard Scattering Amplitudes from Intersection Theory F University University Sebastian Mizera, Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics January 12 April 6 High Energy Theory Seminar F Genomic High Energy Theory Seminar F Topological Terms June 4 Prediction of Complex Traits F Steve Hsu, in Yang-Mills Theory with Time-Reversal High Energy Theory Seminar F The Future of Michigan State University Symmetry F Pavel Putrov, Member, School of High Energy Physics and China’s Role F Yifang Natural Sciences Wang, Institute of High Energy Physics, February 5 Chinese Academy of Sciences High Energy Theory Seminar F CFT Data at April 11 Large Charge from EFT F Riccardo Rattazzi, Physics Group Meeting F Group Meeting on June 14 École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Moving the Holographic Boundary into the Bulk F High Energy Theory Seminar F S-Matrix Juan Maldacena, Carl P. Feinberg Professor, Bootstrap (and Theories without Particle February 7 School of Natural Sciences; and Herman Production) F Pedro Vieira, Perimeter Institute Physics Group Meeting F Modular Berry Verlinde, Princeton University for Theoretical Physics Connection F Bartlomiej Stanislaw Czech, Stanford University; Member, School of Natural April 12 July 16–27 Sciences Informal High Energy Theory Seminar F Prospects in Theoretical Physics 2018: From Wavefunctions for a One-Dimensional Black Hole F Qubits to Spacetime F Organizers and lecturers: February 23 S. Josephine Suh, California Institute of Ahmed Almheiri, Member, School of Natural High Energy Theory Seminar F Splittability and Technology Sciences; Atish Dabholkar, The Abdus Salam Noether’s Theorem in Quantum Field Theory F International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Daniel Harlow, Massachusetts Institute of April 16 Trieste; Thomas Faulkner, University of Technology High Energy Theory Seminar F FZZ Duality Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Daniel Harlow, and the Black Hole Horizon F Nissan Itzhaki, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; February 28 Tel Aviv University Matthew Headrick, Brandeis University; Physics Group Meeting F A Tactical Retreat from Juan Maldacena, Carl P. Feinberg Professor, the BH Information Problem F Douglas April 20 School of Natural Sciences; Douglas Stanford, Long-term Member, School of High Energy Theory Seminar F Simplicity in Stanford, Long-term Member, School of Natural Sciences AdS Perturbative Dynamics F Ellis Ye Yuan, Natural Sciences; Leonard Susskind, Stanford Member, School of Natural Sciences University; Aron Wall, Stanford Institute for March 5 Theoretical Physics; and Edward Witten, High Energy Theory Seminar F Going with the April 25 Charles Simonyi Professor, School of Natural Flow: A Solution to the Sign Problem F Gökçe Physics Group Meeting F Discussion on Sciences Kemal Basar, University of Illinois at Chicago Entanglement Entropy in Gauge Theories F Jennifer Lin, Member, School of Natural THE SIMONS CENTER FOR March 6 Sciences Informal High Energy Theory Seminar F A SYSTEMS BIOLOGY ACTIVITIES Positive Sum Rule for the c Anomaly in 4D CFT F April 27 Markus Luty, University of California, Davis High Energy Theory Seminar F Good and Bad September 13 Analogies of Physics in Deep Learning F Guy Gur- The Simons Center for Systems Biology March 9 Ari, Member, School of Natural Sciences Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ High Energy Theory Seminar F Beyond Quantitative Aspects of Biology F Adaptability in Symmetry: Topological Defect Lines and RG Flows April 30 Living Systems F Tiberiu Tesileanu in Two Dimensions F Shu-Heng Shao, High Energy Theory Seminar F Probing Binary Member, School of Natural Sciences Black Hole Environments in Hierarchical Triple October 2 Systems F Lisa Randall, Harvard University Convergence 2.0 Meeting F Linking New March 16 Platforms for the Assessment of Anti-tumor T-Cell High Energy Theory Seminar F Axions Confront May 7 Immunity with Clinical Outcomes of High Temperature QCD F Michael Dine, High Energy Theory Seminar F Chiral Algebras Immunotherapy F Drew Pardoll, The Sidney University of California, Santa Cruz; Member, and Twisted Gauge Theories F Davide Gaiotto, Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns School of Natural Sciences Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics Hopkins University School of Medicine F Correlating Immunological Health to Cancer March 19 May 8 Susceptibility F Mark Davis, Stanford High Energy Theory Seminar F Tensor Networks Informal High Energy Theory Seminar F On University F Computational Deconstruction of as Geometry F Guifre Vidal, Perimeter Institute Melonic Matrix Models and SYK-like Black Holes F Neoantigen-TCR Degeneracy for Cancer for Theoretical Physics Frank Ferrari, Université Libre de Bruxelles Immunotherapy F Benjamin D. Greenbaum, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai F Connecting Immune Health and Tumor Biology in Gynecologic Cancers F E. John Wherry, University of Pennsylvania F Responders and

74 Non-responders to Endometrial Cancers with Frequency F Overview F Arnold J. Levine, April 19 Mismatch Repair F Alessandro Santin, Yale Professor Emeritus, School of Natural Governor’s Conference on Effective Partnering University F Single-Cell Functional Multi-omics to Sciences F Role of the Immune System in in Cancer Research: The Role of p53 in Li- Characterize and Monitor CAR-T Therapy F Regulating p53 Mutations F Benjamin D. Fraumeni Syndrome F Epigenetic Pathways in Rong Fan, Yale University F Integrating Greenbaum, Icahn School of Medicine at Cancer and in Cancer Immunotherapy F Shelley Experimental and Computational Pipelines to Mount Sinai F Frequency of Germline p53 L. Berger, University of Pennsylvania F Develop Biomarkers of Tumor Cell Resistance to NK Mutations in the Population F Chang S. Chan, Tumorigenesis and Penetrance in Li-Fraumeni Cells F Constantine Mitsiades, Dana-Farber Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey F Syndrome F Chang S. Chan, Rutgers Cancer Cancer Institute Phenotype of Inherited p53 Mutations— Institute of New Jersey F p53-Driven Acute Experiences at Dana-Farber F Junne Promyelocytic Leukemia Cure by Retinoic Acid and October 10 Kamihara, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute F Arsenic F Hugues de Thé, Collège de The Simons Center for Systems Biology Epidemiology of Li-Fraumeni Families and France F Lifetime Control of p53 Function: Walking Seminar F Learning to Read the Immune PedigreesF Pierre Hainaut, Institute for the Ridge Trail between Degenerative Diseases and Repertoire F Harlan Robins, Fred Hutchinson Advanced Biosciences Inserm/CNRS/UGA Cancer F Pierre Hainaut, Institute for Cancer Research Center Advanced Biosciences Inserm/CNRS/UGA F January 8 Early Detection and Prevention of Cancer in Li- October 25 The Simons Center for Systems Biology Fraumeni Syndrome: A Multi-pronged Approach F The Simons Center for Systems Biology Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ David Malkin, The Hospital for Sick Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ Quantitative Aspects of Biology F Statistical Children F The Hypomorphic Brazilian Mutant Quantitative Aspects of Biology F Bacterial Description of Mixed Phase Space Systems (Chaotic TP53-R337H and Variable Tumor Susceptibility: Growth and Division F Hanna Salman, and Regular) F Or Alus, Technion–Israel Identification of a Potential Genetic Modifier F University of Pittsburgh Institute of Technology Gerard P. Zambetti St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital November 8 January 10 The Simons Center for Systems Biology The Simons Center for Systems Biology April 23 Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ Joshua Lederberg–John von Neumann Quantitative Aspects of Biology F Immune Quantitative Aspects of Biology F Adaptation Symposium F Emergent Dynamics from Network Responses to Cancer F Benjamin D. Unifies Emergent Oscillations in Quorum-Sensing Connectivity: A Minimal Model F Carina Curto, Greenbaum, Icahn School of Medicine at Populations and Revealing Evolutionary Constraints The Pennsylvania State University F The Physics Mount Sinai on Proteins through Sequence Analysis F Shou- of Cooperative Transport by Ants F Ofer Wen Wang, Princeton University Feinerman, Weizmann Institute of Science F November 15 A Language of Geometry for Human Acquisition of The Simons Center for Systems Biology January 17 Spatial Sequences F Santiago Figueira, Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ The Simons Center for Systems Biology Universidad de Buenos Aires F Learning Protein Quantitative Aspects of Biology F Phase Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ Constitutive Motifs from Sequence Data F Rémi Separation in Living Cells F Clifford Quantitative Aspects of Biology F T-Cell Monasson, École Normale Supérieure, Paris F Brangwynne, Princeton University Proliferation and Antigen Decay F Andreas Computations in Human Sensorimotor Control F Meyer, Princeton University Daniel Wolpert, University of Cambridge December 5 The Simons Center for Systems Biology February 5 April 24–25 Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ The Simons Center for Systems Biology Language of Thought Hypothesis Workshop F Quantitative Aspects of Biology F The Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ The Language of Thought: Six Suggestions F Construction of Confidence F Mariano Sigman, Quantitative Aspects of Biology F Dynamics of Joshua Tenenbaum, Massachusetts Institute Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, Argentina F Non- the Visual Cortex F Lai-Sang Young, Courant of Technology F Childhood, Conceptual Change, equilibrium Thermodynamics of Open Chemical Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York and the Language of Thought F Alison Gopnik, Reaction Networks F Riccardo Rao, Université University University of California, Berkeley F What Deep du Luxembourg Learning Is and Is Not Teaching Us about The February 6 Language of Thought F Gary Marcus, New York December 7 The Simons Center for Systems Biology University F Probing the Flexibility of the Language The Simons Center for Systems Biology Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ of Thought F Santiago Figueira, Universidad Seminar F The World of Words: Experimental Quantitative Aspects of Biology F Fruit Fly de Buenos Aires F From Core Cognition to New Approaches to Infer How We Humans Construct a Embryonic Development and Information Theory F Systems of Knowledge F Elizabeth Spelke, Space of Words to Organize Meanings, and Then Lauren McGough, Princeton University Harvard University F What Lies Below the How This Can Be Used to Investigate the Past and Language of Thought F Steven Piantadosi, the Future of Consciousness F Mariano Sigman, February 14 University of Rochester F Generalizing from Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, Argentina The Simons Center for Systems Biology Variable Linguistic Input F Naomi Feldman, Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ University of Maryland F Nature versus Nurture December 13–14 Quantitative Aspects of Biology F Mechanical in AI F Matthew Botvinick, Google The Simons Center for Systems Biology Properties of Transcription F Stuart Sevier, Rice DeepMind, London Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ University Quantitative Aspects of Biology F Models of May 22–23 Immune Recognition and Antagonism F Paul February 28 Rita Allen Foundation Scholars Meeting F François, McGill University The Simons Center for Systems Biology Thirsty for Blood: Genetic Approaches to Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ Understanding Mosquito Behavior F Leslie December 16–17 Quantitative Aspects of Biology F How Vosshall, The Rockefeller University F Joint Lab Meeting: Frequency of p53 Mutations Population Adaptability Is Impacted by Heterogeneity Pregnancy-Induced Epigenetic Reprogramming and in the Normal Population and the Possible Role Focusing on the Regulation of Cell Cycle DurationF Immune Modulation in Breast Cancer Prevention F of the Immune System in Influencing that Nash Rochman, Johns Hopkins University Camila dos Santos, Cold Spring Harbor

75 Laboratory F Extracellular Matrix-Mediated Kettering Cancer Center F Mouse Models for September 25 Plasticity in Neuropathic Pain F Arkady Immunotherapy Response F Mattieu Gigoux, Social Science Seminar F Colonial Sociologists in Khoutorsky, McGill University F On the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center F p53 the French and British Empires, 1930s–1960s: Causes of Childhood Cancer F Alex Kentsis, Fitness Models F David Hoyos, Icahn School of Between Scientific Dependency and Intellectual Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center F A Medicine at Mount Sinai F Identifying T-Cell Autonomy F George Steinmetz, University of CRISPR Screen Identifies a New Cell Intrinsic Expansion in Pancreatic Cancer Patients F Michigan, Ann Arbor; Visiting Professor, School Antiviral Mechanism F John Schoggins, Alexander Solovyov, Icahn School of of Social Science University of Texas Southwestern Medical Medicine at Mount Sinai F Unspecific Binding of Center F Cell Signaling Through Intracellular Protein T-Cell Receptors in Pancreatic Cancer Patients F October 2 Glycosylation F Michael Boyce, Duke Vinod Balachandran, Memorial Sloan Social Science Seminar F Disunity in the Social University School of Medicine F Awakening Old Kettering Cancer Center Sciences: Dreadful or Fruitful? F Jean-Louis Foes: TDP-43 Connects Transposons to Fabiani, Central European University; Member, Neurodegeneration F Molly Hamell, Cold Spring June 27–28 School of Social Science Harbor Laboratory F Algorithms for Predicting Convergence Scholars Meeting F Introduction to Responses to Cancer Immunotherapy and Long-Term Immunotherapy F Arnold J. Levine, Professor October 4 Survival F Arnold J. Levine, Professor Emeritus, School of Natural Sciences F Analysis The Social Sciences in a Changing World Emeritus, School of Natural Sciences F Prefrontal of T-Cell Population of Pancreatic Cancer Seminar F Discussion of readings around the Circuit Mechanisms for Supporting Working Survivors F Alexander Solovyov, Icahn theme “Positivism and Its Critics” F Curated by Memory F Conor Liston, Feil Family Brain & School of Medicine at Mount Sinai F Reading George Steinmetz, University of Michigan, Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell the Immune System: Matching Antigens to T-Cell Ann Arbor; Visiting Professor, School of Social Medicine F The Neural Circuits of Itch and Pain F Receptor Sequences F Miriam Gutschow, Fred Science Sarah Ross, University of Pittsburgh F BRCA Hutchinson Cancer Research Center F DNA Replication Instability and Mitochondria F Statistical Analysis of the T-Cell Spatial Distribution October 9 Katharina Schlacher, The University of Texas in the Tumor Microenvironment of Breast Cancer F Social Science Seminar F Fiercely Nationalistic or MD Anderson Cancer Center F Circular RNAs: Julie Wortman, University of California, European Cosmopolitan? Max Weber on Unexpected Outputs of Many Protein-Coding Irvine F Transcriptional Landscape of Stroma World Politics F Álvaro Morcillo-Laiz, Centro Genes F Jeremy Wilusz, Perelman School of Progression in the Breast Tumor Microenvironment F de Investigación y Docencia Económicas, Medicine, University of Pennsylvania F Raditya Utama, Cold Spring Harbor Mexico City; Member, School of Social Science Regulation of Behavior by the Blood-Brain Barrier F Laboratory F Spatiotemporal Genomic Analysis of Richard Daneman, University of California AML and NSCLC F Merzu Belete, Rutgers October 16 San Diego School of Medicine F The Regulation Cancer Institute of New Jersey F The Genetic Social Science Seminar F Khomeini’s Theory of of Hematopoietic Stem Cells F Lei Ding, Architecture of Acute Myeloid Leukemia During Islamic State and the Making of the Iranian Columbia University F Molecular Adaptations to Treatment F Friederike Pastore, Memorial Revolution F Mehdi Shadmehr, University of Extreme Temperatures in Ground Squirrels and Other Sloan Kettering Cancer Center F Clonal Calgary; Member, School of Social Science Mammalian Extremophiles F Elena Gracheva, Dynamics in Cancer F Junfei Zhao, Columbia Yale University F Neural Substrates of Pain University F Inhibition of Cancer Repeat RNA October 18 Unpleasantness F Greg Scherrer, Stanford Retroviral Mimicry Triggers Necroptotic The Social Sciences in a Changing World University F Peripheral Mechanisms of Ischemic Immunosurveillance F Mihir Rajurkar, Seminar F Discussion of readings around the Myalgia F Michael Jankowski, Cincinnati Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer theme “Intellectual History and the Sociology Children’s Hospital Medical Center F The Center F Sequential Profiling of Acquired Resistance of the Intellectuals” F Curated by Jean-Louis Neurobiology of Hunger F Zachary Knight, in EGFR Mutant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancers F Fabiani, Central European University; Member, University of California San Francisco School of Heidie Frisco-Cabanos, Massachusetts School of Social Science; Nicolas Guilhot, Medicine F Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Pain General Hospital F Interferon Gamma Triggers CNRS, Center for International Research in Tolerance F Steve Davidson, University of Paradoxical Signal to Modulate Drug Response in the Humanities and Social Science; Member, Cincinnati College of Medicine F Neural EGFR Mutated NSCLC Cells F Xiaoxiao School of Social Science; and Tomaž Mechanisms Underlying Vocal Sensorimotor Sun, University of California, San Francisco F Mastnak, Research Centre of the Slovenian Transformations F Michael Long, New York A Network Modeling Approach to Elucidate Drug Academy of Sciences and Arts; Visitor, School of University Langone Health F Gene Expression Resistance Mechanisms and Predict Combinatorial Social Science Regulation Through RNA Methylation F Kate Drug Treatments in Breast Cancer F Jorge Meyer, Duke University School of Medicine Zanudo, The Pennsylvania State University F From the Banned Countries Film Series F Last Mechanisms of Target Therapy Resistance in ER- Men in Aleppo, directed by Firas Fayyad F Post- May 30 Positive Breast Cancer F Guotai Xu, Memorial screening discussion led by Kevin Martin, Joint Lab Meeting: Cancer Immunotherapy Sloan Kettering Cancer Center F FGF/FGFR Indiana University; Member, School of As a Resistance Mechanism for Endocrine Therapy in Historical Studies June 18 ER+ Breast Cancer F Pingping Mao, Dana- The Simons Center for Systems Biology Farber Cancer Institute October 23 Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ Social Science Seminar F Provincializing Global Quantitative Aspects of Biology F Molecular History and Decolonizing Theory: Guinea Sam Insights into Bacterial Signaling F Felipe Nightingale and Magic Marx in Civil War School of Social Science Trajtenberg Pareja, Institut Pasteur de Missouri F Andrew Zimmerman, The George Montevideo Washington University; Member, School of September 22–23 Social Science Workshop F Words and Worlds: A Lexicon for Dark June 22 Times F Organized by Veena Das, Johns Joint Lab Meeting: Cancer ImmunotherapyF October 30 Hopkins University; Trustee, Institute for Neoantigen Models for Tumor Evolution Due to Social Science Seminar F When the Subaltern Advanced Study; and Didier Fassin, James D. Immune Editing, Kras Mutant Lung Cancer Cell Speaks F Peter D. Thomas, Brunel University; Wolfensohn Professor, School of Social Science Lines F Hyejin Choi, Memorial Sloan Member, School of Social Science

76 November 1 December 4 University, Member, School of Social Science; Colloquium: A Research Seminar F Discussion Social Science Seminar F From Cohabitation to and Álvaro Morcillo-Laiz, Centro de of paper presented by Johan Heilbron, Centre Disposability: Dogs of Istanbul F Ayten Alkan, Investigación y Docencia Económicas, Mexico Européen de Sociologie et de Science Politique, Member, School of Social Science City; Member, School of Social Science Université Paris 1 December 6 February 12 November 6 Joint School of Social Science/School of Social Science Seminar F University for Working Social Science Seminar F The Kruger National Natural Sciences Seminar F Presentation on Classes: Rise and Fall of Socialist Modernization in Park and the Conservation of Science F Jacob S. Neuroscience and the Social Sciences F Mariano Postwar Poland F Agata Zysiak, University of T. Dlamini, Princeton University; Member, Sigman, Integrative Neuroscience Laboratory, Łódź, Poland; Member, School of Social Science School of Social Science University of Buenos Aires February 14 Seminar F History of the School of Social Science F December 11 Colloquium: A Research Seminar F Discussion Chaired by Didier Fassin, James D. Social Science Seminar F The Japanese Student of paper presented by Miriam Kingsberg Wolfensohn Professor, School of Social Science Movement of 1968, Epistemological Revolution, and Kadia, University of Colorado, Boulder; the End of the Field Generation F Miriam Member, School of Social Science November 8 Kingsberg Kadia, University of Colorado, The Social Sciences in a Changing World Boulder; Member, School of Social Science February 21 Seminar F Discussion of readings around the The Social Sciences in a Changing World theme “Decolonizing the Social Sciences” F December 12 Seminar F Discussion of contributions for a Curated by Miriam Kingsberg Kadia, Colloquium: A Research Seminar F Discussion collective volume University of Colorado, Boulder; Member, of paper presented by George Steinmetz, School of Social Science; Peter D. Thomas, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Visiting From the Banned Countries Film Series F Brunel University, Member, School of Social Professor, School of Social Science Stronger Than Bullets, directed by Matthew Science; and ​Andrew Zimmerman, The Millan F Post-screening discussion led by the George Washington University; Member, School December 13 director, Matthew Millan of Social Science The Social Sciences in a Changing World Seminar F Discussion of readings around the February 26 From the Banned Countries Film Series F Taxi, theme “Socialist and Post-Socialist Social Social Science Seminar F Together, Apart: directed by Jafar Pahani F Post-screening Sciences” F Curated by Agata Zysiak, Suspected Lives in West Bank Refugee Camps and discussion led by Firoozeh Kashani-Sabet, University of Łódź, Poland; Member, School of Israeli Cities F Silvia Pasquetti, Newcastle University of Pennsylvania Social Science, Johanna K. Bockman, University; Member, School of Social Science George Mason University; Visitor, School of November 13 Social Science, and Vladimir Kulić, Florida February 28 Social Science Seminar F Making Sense of Atlantic University; Member, School of Colloquium: A Research Seminar F Discussion Globalizing Social Science F Johan Heilbron, Historical Studies of paper presented by Carel E. Smith, Centre Européen de Sociologie et de Science Universiteit Leiden; Visitor, School of Social Politique, Université Paris 1; Member, School of From the Banned Countries Film Series F Science Social Science Karama Has No Walls and The Mulberry House, directed by Sara Ishaq F Post-screening March 5 November 15 discussion led by Steven Caton, Harvard Social Science Seminar F Switching Scientific Colloquium: A Research Seminar F Discussion University Paradigms for a Political Revolution: Bourdieu during of paper presented by Álvaro Morcillo-Laiz, the Algerian Liberation War F Amín Pérez, École Centro de Investigación y Docencia January 22 des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, Paris; Económicas, Mexico City; Member, School of Social Science Seminar F Make Yourselves Gods: Member, School of Social Science Social Science Secularism, Sex, and the Radiant Body of Early Mormonism F Peter Coviello, University of March 7 November 20 Illinois at Chicago; Member, School of Social The Social Sciences in a Changing World Social Science Seminar F Virtually Radical: Science Seminar F The Prehistory and History of Speech, Surveillance, and Silence in (Indian) Modernization Theory between the 1920s and the Kashmir F Chitralekha Dhamija, Jawaharlal January 29 1960s F Wolfgang Knöbl, Hamburger Institut Nehru University; Member, School of Social Social Science Seminar F The Religion Machine; für Sozialforschung Science or, a Particular History of the Brain F John Lardas Modern, Franklin & Marshall College; March 12 November 27 Member, School of Social Science Social Science Seminar F The European Common Social Science Seminar F The Horrific History of Market: “A New Frontier” for US Business Elites or Comparisons Between Animals and the Cognitively February 5 an “Economic Frankenstein”? F Janick Marina Disabled (and How to Move Beyond It) F Alice Social Science Seminar F A Field of European Schaufelbuehl, Université de Lausanne; Crary, The New School for Social Research; Social Science? F Kristoffer Kropp, Roskilde Member, School of Social Science Member, School of Social Science University; Member, School of Social Science March 14 November 30 February 7 Colloquium: A Research Seminar F Discussion Guest Seminar F The Black Woman’s Womb. The Social Sciences in a Changing World of paper presented by Kristoffer Kropp, Capitalism, Race, Feminism F Françoise Seminar F Discussion of readings around the Roskilde University; Member, School of Social Vergès, Collège d’études mondiales F theme “Funding and the Social Sciences” F Science Organized by Sara Farris, Goldsmiths, Curated by Bregje van Eekelen, Erasmus University of London; Visitor, School of Social University Rotterdam; Member, School of Science Social Science; Kristoffer Kropp, Roskilde

77 March 19 June 17–30 Social Science Seminar F The Political Economy of The Social Sciences in a Changing World Summer Program in Social Science F Organized Natural Resources and Petro-Authoritarianism F Seminar F Discussion of readings around the by Didier Fassin, James D. Wolfensohn Gubad Ibadoghlu, The Economic Research theme “Philosophy” F Curated by Alice Crary, Professor, School of Social Science Center of Azerbaijan; Visitor, School of Social The New School for Social Research; Member, Science School of Social Science; Chitralekha Director’s Office Events Dhamija, Jawaharlal Nehru University; March 26 Member, School of Social Science; Jean-Louis September 15 Social Science Seminar F Culture as Process: Notes Fabiani, Central European University, Member, Friends Lunch with a Member F Black Holes and toward a Theory F Paul DiMaggio, New York School of Social Science; and Carel E. Smith, the Butterfly Effect F Douglas Stanford, Long- University; Member, School of Social Science Universiteit Leiden; Visitor, School of Social term Member, School of Natural Sciences Science March 28 September 25 Colloquium: A Research Seminar F Discussion April 23 Member Welcome Reception of paper presented by Chitralekha Dhamija, Social Science Seminar F Disciplining Creativity: Jawaharlal Nehru University; Member, School of A Cultural History of Unstructured Thought F October 6 Social Science Bregje van Eekelen, Erasmus University Friends Breakfast with a Member F The Rotterdam; Member, School of Social Science Collective Computation of Life F Olaf April 2 Witkowski, Earth-Life Science Institute, Social Science Seminar F Chimpanzee Culture April 30 Tokyo Institute of Technology; Visitor, Wars F Nicolas Langlitz, The New School for Social Science Seminar F The Economy of the Program in Interdisciplinary Studies Social Research; Member, School of Social Mysteries: Administering Sacramental Wealth in the Science Age of Lights F Charly Coleman, Columbia October 7 University; Member, School of Social Science Member Family Barbeque April 4 The Social Sciences in a Changing World May 2 October 8 Seminar F Discussion of readings around the Informal Colloquium F Bourdieu and the Gathering in Remembrance of Vladimir theme “Economics and the Other Social Sociology of (Social) Sciences F Curated by Voevodksy Sciences” F Curated by Paul DiMaggio, New George Steinmetz, University of Michigan, York University; Member, School of Social Ann Arbor; Visiting Professor, School of Social October 11 Science; Johan Heilbron, Centre Européen de Science; Johan Heilbron, Centre Européen de Friends Talk F The Pattern Makers: Season 2 F Sociologie et de Science Politique, Université Sociologie et de Science Politique, Université David Lang, Artist-in-Residence Paris 1; Member, School of Social Science; and Paris 1; Member, School of Social Science; and Johanna K. Bockman, George Mason Kristoffer Kropp, Roskilde University; October 13 University; Visitor, School of Social Science Member, School of Social Science Friends Talk F Salvaging the Rational Heritage of Islam: The Zaydi Manuscript Tradition Project F April 5 May 3 Sabine Schmidtke, Professor, School of From the Banned Countries Film Series F Stolen Guest Seminar F Meaning and Metaphor: How to Historical Studies Seas, directed by Thymaya Payne F Post- Receive Thoughts from an Elsewhere F Veena Das, screening discussion led by Lee Cassanelli, Johns Hopkins University; Trustee, Institute for October 18 University of Pennsylvania Advanced Study Friends Lunch with a Member F The Dark Side of the Earth in the Sixteenth Century F April 9 May 7 Alexander Nagel, New York University; Social Science Seminar F Contemplating Social Science Seminar F The Politics of Decision: Member, School of Historical Studies Spectacular Black Death Across Generations: The Modern Social Sciences from Decisionism to Lynching, Lethal Police Violence, and the Black Rational Choice F Nicolas Guilhot, CNRS, October 20 Female Body F Shatema Threadcraft, Center for International Research in the Edward T. Cone Concert Series and Talk F Dartmouth College; Member, School of Social Humanities and Social Science; Member, School Stephen Drury Science of Social Science October 21 April 12 May 9 Edward T. Cone Concert Series F Stephen Bourdieu Course F Curated by Álvaro Workshop F Network Correspondence Analysis F Drury Morcillo-Laiz, Centro de Investigación y Ramina Sotoudeh, Princeton University Docencia Económicas, Mexico City; Member, October 25 School of Social Science From the Banned Countries Film Series F We Princeton Symphony Orchestra Concert F Come as Friends, directed by Hubert Sauper F LARK Quartet April 16 Post-screening discussion led by Alden H. Social Science Seminar F Rights of Place: A Young, Drexel University October 27 Spanish American view of Property and Territory F Theoretical Machine Learning Lecture Series F Paulina Ochoa Espejo, Haverford College; May 14 Machines: How Do They Learn and Where Are Member, School of Social Science Social Science Seminar F Equality in French They Headed? F Sanjeev Arora, Princeton Politics: An Unfinished Business F Anne-Claire University; Visiting Professor, School of April 18 Defossez, Visitor, School of Social Science Mathematics; Richard Zemel, University Guest Seminar F The Humanities at the Turn of the of Toronto; Visitor, School of Mathematics; Millennium: A Historical Comparative Sociology of May 16 and Robbert Dijkgraaf, Director and Leon Current Research Practices in the Humanities F The Social Sciences in a Changing World Levy Professor Lasse Gøhler Johansson, Aalborg Seminar F Discussion of contributions for a Universitet, Copenhagen collective volume

78 November 3 January 26 April 20 AMIAS Public Lecture F A Refuge for Scholars: Friends Talk F Impeachment: The Constitutional Friends Talk F Before Menus, Cookbooks, and Contemporary Challenges in Historical Perspective F Remedy of Last Resort F Alan Baron, Former Writing: Reconstructing Cuisines from the Joan Scott, Professor Emerita, School of Special Impeachment Counsel for the U.S. Archaeological Record F Katherine Moore, Social Science; Thomas Dodman, Boston House of Representatives University of Pennsylvania College; Ian Jauslin, Member, School of Mathematics; Ayşe Parla, Sabanci University; February 9 April 26 Visitor, School of Social Science; and Robbert Friends Talk F The Virtues of Violence: Ideas 2017–18 F Topology and Physics F Clay Dijkgraaf, Director and Leon Levy Professor Amphitheaters, Gladiators, and the Roman System of Cordova, Long-term Member, School of Values F Kathleen Coleman, Harvard Natural Sciences; Edward Witten, Charles November 10 University; Member, School of Historical Studies Simonyi Professor, School of Natural Sciences F Friends Lunch with a Member F The (Ancient) Spectacular Black Death F Shatema Threadcraft, Hippocratic Oath in Context: Death, Physicians, and February 16 Dartmouth College; Member, School of Social Suicide F Hartwin Brandt, Otto-Friedrich- Artist Salon F Radical Cello F Maya Beiser, Science; Didier Fassin, James D. Wolfensohn Universität Bamberg; Member, School of cellist Professor, School of Social Science F Liquid Historical Studies Crystals: Order upon Disorder F Ian Jauslin, February 23 Member, School of Mathematics; Thomas Edward T. Cone Concert Series and Talk F The Friends Lunch with a Member F What is Wrong Spencer, Professor Emeritus, School of Crossing with Border Walls? F Paulina Ochoa Espejo, Mathematics F A Child Prodigy in Ancient Rome F Haverford College; Member, School of Social Kathleen Coleman, Harvard University; November 11 Science Member, School of Historical Studies; Angelos Edward T. Cone Concert Series F The Chaniotis, Professor, School of Historical Crossing February 24 Studies F Panel Discussion: Challenges and Midwinter Party for Faculty, Members, and Staff Opportunities F Robbert Dijkgraaf, Director November 15 and Leon Levy Professor; Nicola Di Cosmo, Theoretical Machine Learning Lecture Series F March 4 Luce Foundation Professor in East Asian Studies, Deep Learning and Cognition F Christopher Princeton Symphony Orchestra Concert F School of Historical Studies; Johan Heilbron, Manning, Stanford University Aureole Trio Centre Européen de Sociologie et de Science Politique, Université Paris 1; Member, School of November 17 March 9 Social Science; June Huh, Visiting Professor, Friends Talk F A Square Meal F Jane Edward T. Cone Concert Series and Talk F School of Mathematics; Scott Tremaine, Ziegelman, author; Andrew Coe, author Ensemble Signal Richard Black Professor, School of Natural Sciences December 1 March 10 Friends Talk F Art, Music, and Politics in the Book Edward T. Cone Concert Series F Ensemble April 27 of Revelation F Elaine Pagels, Princeton Signal Reception for Didier Fassin in Honor of His University NOMIS Distinguished Scientist Award March 14 December 3 Groundbreaking Ceremony for Rubenstein May 4 Princeton Symphony Orchestra Concert F The Commons Public Lecture F The Cool Alter-Ego of a Black Exponential Ensemble Hole F Juan Maldacena, Carl P. Feinberg March 16 Professor, School of Natural Sciences; Douglas December 7 Friends Talk F How and Why We Write the History Stanford, Long-term Member, School of S. T. Lee Public Lecture F The Visual Culture of of the Social Sciences F George Steinmetz, Natural Sciences; and Robbert Dijkgraaf, Iranian Twelver Shiism in the Qajar Period F Ulrich University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Visiting Director and Leon Levy Professor Marzolph, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Professor, School of Social Science May 16 December 12 March 20 Friends Talk F Excavating at the Birthplace of Theoretical Machine Learning Lecture Series F Reception for Robert Langlands in Honor of Zeus F David Gilman Romano, The How Could Machines Learn as Efficiently as Animals His Abel Prize University of Arizona; Member, School of and Humans? F Yann LeCun, Facebook AI Historical Studies Research Labs April 6 Friends Lunch with a Member F Liquid Crystals June 6 December 21 and the Heilmann–Lieb Conjecture F Ian Jauslin, Friends Lunch with a Member F The Revival of Institute Community Holiday Party Member, School of Mathematics Psychedelic Research F Nicolas Langlitz, The New School for Social Research; Member, January 12 April 13 School of Social Science Edward T. Cone Concert Series and Talk F Public Lecture F Celebrating Freeman Dyson’s Vicky Chow Maker of Patterns F Freeman Dyson, Professor June 7 Emeritus, School of Natural Sciences; and Friends Annual Meeting and Picnic January 13 Robbert Dijkgraaf, Director and Leon Levy Edward T. Cone Concert Series F Vicky Chow Professor June 8 Staff Picnic January 24 April 15 Friends Dessert with a Member F Dust, Princeton Symphony Orchestra Concert F Distortions, and Shadows in the Universe’s Oldest Patterson/Sutton Duo Light F James Colin Hill, Columbia University; Member, School of Natural Sciences

79 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ( for the year ended June 30, 2018)

Each year researchers from around the world come to the Institute for Advanced Study to interact, explore, take risks, share, build, and discover. This would not be possible but for the far-sighted vision and support of a worldwide network of philanthropists. We thank our donors for their contributions in Fiscal Year 2017–18 during which new commitments to endowment and the IAS Fund totaled over $12 million.

Gifts to Endowment The Institute for Advanced Study’s endowment started with a gift from our Founders in 1930. It is the cornerstone of our academic and financial independence, both of which are essential to our mission of long-term, foundational, curiosity-driven research. In Fiscal Year 2017–18, the endowment provided 68% of the funding for our operating budget. We are grateful to those who, following our Founders’ example, invest in the future of the Institute. Major Gifts to Endowment Anonymous Debora Russo Haines, Esq. The Charles and Lisa Simonyi Fund Michael and Victoria Bershadsky and John R. Haines for Arts and Sciences Neil Chriss and Natasha Herron Chriss Robert and Charlotte Langlands The Ruth Stanton Foundation Harry and Helen Cohen Charitable Nancy B. Peretsman and The Starr Foundation Foundation Robert W. Scully Tang Research Foundation David M. Rubenstein Annette de la Renta Marina and Robert Whitman

Other Gifts to Endowment Mr. and Mrs. Richard B. Black Professor Phillip A. Griffiths and Gary Irvine Dr. Marian Griffiths The Barbara and Gerald Essig Robert and Lynn Johnston Charitable Fund at Vanguard Theodore P. Hurwitz Eugene R. Speer Charitable in memory of John Bahcall Dr. and Mrs. Louis P. Torre

The IAS Fund Donors to the IAS Fund provide vital and unrestricted support for IAS operations and outreach activities. In Fiscal Year 2017–18, IAS Fund donors provided 15% of the Institute’s operating budget, the second largest source following income from the Institute’s endowment.

Major Donors Mark Heising and Elizabeth D. Simons Nancy and Duncan MacMillan John and Maureen Hendricks Bruce R. McCaw Family Foundation/ The following donors made major Charitable Foundation Apex Foundation contributions directly to the IAS Fund. Gerda Henkel Stiftung Annette Merle-Smith Anonymous (2) T. J. Higgins The Ambrose Monell Foundation American Council of Learned Societies Institute of International Education Narayana Murthy Victoria and Hank Bjorklund Samuel D. Isaly Nelson Family Foundation Carnegie Corporation of New York Professor Emeritus Jonathan I. Israel NOMIS Stiftung Neil Chriss and Natasha Herron Chriss Landon and Sarah Jones/Rita Allen The Oki Foundation The Edward T. Cone Foundation Foundation in honor of Charles and Lisa Simonyi † Dr. Stephen A. Della Pietra and George Labalme Jr. John A. and Laura Overdeck Dr. Pamela Hurst-Della Pietra in memory of Felix Gilbert Sandra E. Peterson The Gladys Krieble Delmas Foundation Gerard B. Lambert Foundation Jeannie Tseng and Colin Rust Robbert Dijkgraaf and Pia de Jong/ Dr. and Mrs. Spiro J. Latsis Charitable Foundation Rita Allen Foundation Peter and Susan L. G. Lee Schwab Charitable Fund made possible Roger W. Ferguson, Jr. and Sarah and Martin L. Leibowitz by the generosity of Eric and Wendy Annette L. Nazareth Jeanette Lerman-Neubauer and Schmidt Fernholz Foundation Joseph Neubauer † The Griffin-Cole Fund Leon Levy Foundation Deceased

80 MAJOR DONORS (continued) Debora Russo Haines, Esq. and Ann Damsgaard and Lee Gladden John R. Haines Chad Goerner Dr. Sabine Schmidtke Jonathan and Anna Horner Carolyn and John Healey Sherwin Seligsohn Rosanna Webster Jaffin H. James and Carol Herring in loving memory of Frances and The David and Catherine Loevner Jamie and Kathy Herring Samuel Seligsohn and Stanton L. Seligsohn Family Fund of Vanguard Charitable Robert and Lynn Johnston Simons Foundation Jane and Robert MacLennan John K. Kim and L. Ashley Lyu The Charles and Lisa Simonyi Fund for Nancy and Duncan MacMillan in memory of Mr. Seung Lyun Lyu Arts and Sciences Charles W. McCutchen Russell and Helene Kulsrud Thomas and Bridget Spencer Valerie and Jim McKinney Yuki Moore Laurenti and Jeffrey Laurenti Peter Svennilson Elena Petronio William C. Martin and Raging Capital Kikyoko Takeuti Anoop and Sangeeta Prasad Management, LLC * in memory of my father, Gaisi Takeuti, John Rassweiler Jason Matthews and Jasmine Ferrer and in honor of Kurt Gödel Philip W. Riskin Charitable Dean and Jill Mitchell Fritz Thyssen Stiftung Foundation Inc. Pamela Kogen Morandi and Shirley Tilghman Michael Morandi Stephen Tracy and June Allison Sarah Jones Nelson DIRECTOR’S CIRCLE Michael and Melanie Rauch in honor of Professor Christian Habicht Georg and Joyce Albers-Schonberg Gillian and Scott Reeder Shelby White Elizabeth Harkins Baughan The Witten/Nappi Charitable Fund Reichelderfer-Blair Fund of the Stephen F. DeAngelis, Beverly Brossoie Princeton Area Community Sir James and Elaine Wolfensohn and Mia Brossoie Foundation in honor of Robbert Dijkgraaf Mrs. Ann Lee Saunders Brown Carolyn and George Sanderson Mr. Brian F. Wruble and Pierre R. Deligne and Elena V. Alexeeva James and Stacy Sarvis* Ms. Kathleen W. Bratton Audrey and David Egger Debbie Schaeffer* Erin Enright and Stuart Essig Tomasina Pia Schiro Luisa and Robert Fernholz in memory of James Schiro Friends of the Institute for Tom and Archer Harvey Inge and Sundaresa Srinivasan * Advanced Study Jon Holman /Jonathan Holman Marissa and Jesse Treu Charitable Fund at Schwab Charitable Robert and Stephanie Wedeking in memory of George W. Miner II, Robert and Kathleen Zatta The following donors made current year gifts Princeton ’66 to the IAS Fund as Friends of the Institute for Landon and Sarah Jones/Landon and Advanced Study, a group of individuals who Sarah Jones Family Fund FRIENDS support the Institute through their philanthropy John J. Kerr, Jr. and Nora Wren Kerr Alexander and Helen Ackley and engagement in the IAS community. We Jonah and Amy Lansky Robert J. Aresty welcome new Friends and express particular Peter Rupert Lighte and Julian Grant Lorraine and David Atkin appreciation to Friends who contribute at the Tamara and Kevin MacMillan Jill M. Barry* Founders’, Chairman’s, Director’s, and 25th John and Ann† McGoldrick Anniversary Circles. Leigh and John Bartlett Ashutosh and Raminder Pathak David C. Beers and Elizabeth Bryson Beers Mark and Judith Sarvary John and Marsha Beidler FOUNDERS’ CIRCLE Judith McCartin Scheide Vicky and Dick Bergman Martin Chooljian Harold T. and Vivian Shapiro Toni Besselaar * Neil Chriss and Natasha Herron Chriss Warren and Felicia Spitz Mihir and Sheema Bhattacharya Carl and Toby Feinberg Nancy and James Utaski Christopher Boerner and Shefali Shah Cynthia and Robert Hillas John and Louise Wellemeyer Profs. Susan and Stephen Boughn* Deborah R. Lunder and Alan Ezekowitz Ted and Jane Boyer Elinor Lunder 25TH ANNIVERSARY CIRCLE Mark and Sarah Branon Anonymous Meg Brinster Michael CHAIRMAN’S CIRCLE Ashley and George Aitken-Davies* Pernilla and James Burke Mark Baumgartner/TIFF Charitable Stephen Anderson and The Cedar Fund of the Princeton Area Foundation Clara F. Richardson Community Foundation Donald and Shari Black Bijan Ardehali and Jennifer Wolffert Dr. and Mrs. Paul H. Chew Ashvin B. Chhabra and Alan Baron and Wendy Owen Lucinda and Charles Clark Daniela Bonafede-Chhabra Eric Batterman and Michael Curtis and Judith Brodsky Melanie and John Clarke Catherine Schaeder Batterman Craig Daum Morton and Donna Collins Len and Laura Berlik Jan and Elly de Boer Arthur and Janet Eschenlauer Helena and Peter Bienstock Rysia de Ravel Elisabeth A. Bish Pepper and Liza deTuro Harold Broitman * New Friend Peter Dougherty and Elizabeth Hock † Deceased Vicky and Brad Corrodi

81 FRIENDS (continued) Annette Merle-Smith AMIAS Richard Miles and Susan McCoy Miles The Barbara and Gerald Essig Charitable Fund at Vanguard Charitable* Muriel V. Moss and Leonard M. Moss The following donors made current year gifts to the IAS Fund as members of AMIAS, Ruth Fath Susan Glimcher and Alexander Nehamas * the worldwide network of current and former Emily and Johan Firmenich Michael Nissan and Yvette Lanneaux Members, Visitors, and associated scholars Pia and Gideon Fruchter* Dr. Ferris Olin Reba K. Orszag through whom the impact of the Institute’s Ira and Karen Fuchs mission is felt on a global scale. We express Sherri and Vic Garber* Mary and Bill O’Shaughnessy Sean and Tish O’Sullivan* particular appreciation to AMIAS members Elizabeth and Aristides Georgantas who made their first gift, those who continue Curtis and Sophie Glovier*/ Curtis and J.A. Padhoven Fund of the Princeton Area Community Foundation to give year after year, and those who Sophie Family Foundation of the Fidelity contribute at the Oppenheimer, Aydelotte, Charitable Gift Fund Dr. and Mrs. C. Papastephanou and Flexner Circle levels. Colleen Goggins Philip B. Papier, Jr. and Norma K. Papier Fred and Selma Goldstein Jacquie and Woody Phares OPPENHEIMER CIRCLE George Pitcher† Dr. and Mrs. Milton H. Grannatt Anonymous Rachel and Charles Gray Fund of the Ludmilla Popova-Wightman Princeton Area Community Foundation in memory of Arthur S. Wightman Anonymous Gopal and Indu Prasad* in memory of Professor Emeritus Tina and Bill Greenberg Jacob C. E. Dekker Andreas Prindl and Deborah Robbins* Joan and Jack Hall Robert and Susan Beckman T. Randolph Harris and Barbara A. Sloan Anne D’O. Reeves* Millard McAdoo Riggs, Jr. The Calabi Fund of The Philadelphia Norman R. Harvey Foundation * Charlie Rippin Christie and Fred Henry Professor Sir David Cannadine David R. and Kristina H. Hill Kathleen and Louis Russo* Sun-Yung Alice Chang and Paul Yang G. John Ikenberry and Lidia Usami* Bernard Saint-Donat Jennifer Chayes and Christian Borgs The Jane James Charity Fund of the Ramona E. Romero and Princeton Area Community Foundation* Blaise T. Santianni Harry and Helen Cohen Charitable Alexander Jones and Catherine Haines Steve and Marty Schlossstein* Foundation Christopher P. Jones Marcia and John Shackelford* Stanley and Regine Corngold Anne and Douglas Kabay Scott and Tracy Sipprelle Dr. Stephen A. Della Pietra and Kahn Family Philanthropic Fund of the Bruce Smith† Dr. Pamela Hurst-Della Pietra Jewish Community Foundation of David E. Smith Hal and Kathy Drake Greater Mercer Ellen and Albert Stark Foundation Fund Glenn and Sara Ellison Allen H. Kassof of the Princeton Area Community Estate of Steven A. Gaal in memory of Arianne Foundation Ruth and Murray Gerstenhaber Mr. and Mrs. Howard K. Keller Caren Sturges Lily Harish-Chandra Steve and Shirley Kern Miyuki Kaneko and Brian P. Sullivan Sigurdur Helgason Joseph and Lorraine Koffman Christopher and Susan Tarr Nancy Hingston Gail Kohn Gail M. Ullman Ann and Kurt Kovalick* Drs. Welmoet and Daniel P. Van Kammen Professor Emeritus Jonathan I. Israel Samuel and Karen Lambert Erik Vanmarcke and Lynne Durkee Richard V. Kadison in memory of John von Neumann, Harry and Ellen Levine Theodora and Fong Wei Fund of the André Weil, and Dr. Harish-Chandra Richard J. and Neil Ann S. Levine Princeton Area Community Foundation * Mikhail Kogan Karen Collias and Geoffrey Levitt Jonathan D. and Virginia L. Weiner Denise Kim and Rob Kusner Diana and Derek Lidow The Wey Family Denis and Howard Lieberman Laura and Roscoe White Henry and Julia Landau in memory of Larry Silverman Sills Sharon and Russ White in memory of Harry Woolf Stephen Lin and Carol Anderson Ralph R. Widner Robert and Charlotte Langlands Hung Ling and Gigi Hsu/Maya Ling Evan and Rosalie Wolarsky Donald W. Light, Jr. Jeffrey Lipkowitz* Elizabeth Boluch Wood and James Marrow and Emily Rose Walter H. Lippincott Robert M. Wood, Jr. Fouad J. Masrieh Brian and Caroline Loew Britta Wopenka* Linda Ness and Munir Cochinwala David A. Long and Alice St. Claire-Long* Walter and Anne Neumann Mr. and Mrs. Robert W. Loughlin Mary J. Norton Steve Mariotti/Atlas Learning, Inc. in memory of David Fate Norton Michael and Cecilia Mathews Andrew P. Ogg Joe and Tamera Matteo John Polking Jennifer McBride* John McGahren and Jenny Bryson* * * New Friend Mark and Julie McLaughlin † Deceased Hella and Scott McVay

82 OPPENHEIMER CIRCLE (continued) Terng and Palais Giving Account of the Anonymous Fidelity Charitable Gift Fund in memory of Professor Deane Montgomery Doraiswamy Ramachandran Hung-Hsi Wu Anonymous in honor of Geetha Ramachandran Mitsuru Yasuhara in memory of Joseph A. Shalika Paul Rorem and Kate Skrebutenas William Abikoff John V. Ryff Israel Tzvi Abusch FLEXNER CIRCLE in memory of Karl Löwner Susan Ames Dr. Sabine Schmidtke Anonymous (6) Professor Bulent Atalay Thomas and Bridget Spencer Diane Cole Ahl (Member, School of Giles Auchmuty Historical Studies 2006) and Kenneth Ronald J. and Sharon M. Stern Vivian Endicott Barnett E. Ahl Marisa Anne Bass Stephen Tracy and June Allison in honor of Irving Lavin Steve Batterson in honor of Professor Christian Habicht Michael Aizenman Greg Bayer Scott and Marilyn Tremaine Celia Applegate and David Blackbourn Brigitte M. Bedos-Rezak The Troy-De Wit Family Charitable Sandra and George Bermann Regina F. Bendix Fund of the Jewish Communal Fund Joan Birman Georgia Benkart Karen Uhlenbeck and Bob Williams Phoebe and Jo Bovy JoAnne and Alan Bernstein The Witten/Nappi Charitable Fund Sun-Yung Alice Chang Sarah Betzer Zhou Zou in memory of Maryam Mirzakhani Henry and Leigh Bienen Joan Breton Connelly Larissa Bonfante Angela N.H. Creager AYDELOTTE CIRCLE James J. Bono in honor of Heinrich von Staden Michael D. Bordo Anonymous Estate of Willis Doney Philippe Borgeaud Anonymous Loyal and Bernice Durand Constance Brittain Bouchard in memory of Armand Borel in honor of Freeman Dyson Hartwin Brandt Anonymous Daniel and Ryoko Goldston William Nielsen Brandt in memory of Albert Hirschman and Richard A. Goldthwaite Ward Briggs Clifford Geertz Ulrich Görtz John and Virginia Bryant Anonymous Robert Guralnick Nicholas Buchdahl in memory of Homer A. Thompson Paul A. Hanle Glenn R. Bugh James Arthur Gil Holder in honor of Christian Habicht Fernande Auslander Ron Irving Professor Dr. Claude Calame in memory of Louis Auslander Michele Hannoosh and Richard Janko James Cantrell David Bjelajac Martin Kern and Keiko Ono Inna and Yves Capdeboscq in memory of Clifford Geertz Toichiro Kinoshita in memory of Maryam Mirzakhani Chaitin Charitable Fund at Plamen Krastev Vicki Caron Schwab Charitable in memory of John Bahcall Annemarie Weyl Carr in memory of Oleg Grabar Edward Champlin and Linda Mahler W. R. Laird Raffaella Cribiore Gerald L. Carr William and Susan Lampe in honor of Glen Bowersock Mark Cruse Daniel R. McMillan Jr. in honor of Professor Giles Constable Vincent Carretta Gerard Misiolek Alessandra Casella Charles W. Curtis Darrel Moellendorf and Filippo Cesarano Michael R. Douglas Charitable Fund Bonnie Friedmann John Whiteclay Chambers II Bruce Eastwood David Nirenberg and Sofia Torallas Tovar Hoi Fung Chau Jürg M. Fröhlich Drazen Prelec and Danica Mijovic-Prelec Roger Chickering in honor of Thomas C. Spencer and Professor Michael C. J. Putnam Professors R. Sekhar Chivukula and in memory of Armand Borel Colleen Robles Elizabeth H. Simmons Kristen R. Ghodsee Freydoon Shahidi Maria Chudnovsky and Daniel Panner Koichiro Harada Eugene Sorets Frank M. Clover R. Howe/R & L Howe Fund Xiaodong Sun James W. Cogdell Joshua T. Katz Noel Swerdlow Forrest D. Colburn John Kwan Karen Vogtmann and John Smillie Kathleen Coleman William E. Lang Charles Weibel in memory of Miriam Griffin, Member, 1989, 2000 Sharon Lazarov Howard D. Weinbrot Fred Cooper and Cathy LaPorte in memory of Connor Lazarov Kenneth B. Wolf Drs. Maria Coppi and Bruno Coppi The Steven A. Mansbach and Julia E. Paulo D. Cordaro Frane Charitable Fund at Schwab OTHER AMIAS DONORS Charitable in memory of Armand Borel Anonymous (31) Anthony Cutler Fernando Codá Marques in memory of Alan Cameron, Member Douglas Niebur Anonymous in memory of Professor Dumitru Beceanu 1990/91 Rick Norwood Anonymous Michael Cwikel Laurence R. Taylor in honor of Freeman Dyson John W. Dawson Jr.

83 OTHER AMIAS DONORS (continued) Lawrence P. Horwitz Peter Orlik in memory of Emil and Rose Horwitz Sherry B. Ortner John M. de Figueiredo Vittorio Hosle Akos Ostor in memory of Rui J. P. de Figueiredo Danian Hu Sandip Pakvasa Percy Deift James E. Humphreys in honor of Freeman Dyson Laurence Dickey Susan Huntington Professor James A. Parente, Jr. in memory of Claire Dickey Luc Illusie Dr. Leonard Parker Emma Dillon John Imbrie James Pascaleff Andrew Dilts Hervé M. Jacquet François Paschoud in memory of Iris Marion Young Katherine L. Jansen Michael G. Peletz Paul DiMaggio James J. John James V. Peters Robert S. Doran Dr. Seva Joukhovitski Carl F. Petry Vladimir Drinfeld Goro C. Kato, v.l.s. Andrea Piras and Francesca Tagliatesta Pierre du Prey in memory of Patricia Crone in honor of Irving Lavin Mary and Peter Katzenstein Leon Plantinga Richard S. Dunn Dennis Kehoe David Plotke Professor Peter L. Duren Henry H. Kim Jeremy D. Popkin Patrick Eberlein Jinah Kim Aaron Potechin Allan Edmonds Dale Kinney Martin Powers Richard Ehrenborg Matthew Kleban in honor of Avi Wigderson Knill Family Charitable Trust William L. Pressly Dale F. Eickelman Linda A. Koch Richard and Linda Randell in memory of Clifford Geertz Arieh Konigl in memory of Deane Montgomery Professor Christiane Eisenberg A. A. Kosinski Orest Ranum Joanne Elliott David A. Kosower M. M. Rao in memory of Professor A. Beurling Donald K. Emmerson Paul Langacker in memory of Clifford Geertz Abby and Menachem Lazar Richard T. Rapp Charles P. Enz Joan and Anthony Licata Jerome Ravetz T. Evergates David and Marci Lieberman Evelyn S. Rawski Mehrdad Fallahzadeh Lloyd L. Lininger Margaret A. Readdy in honor of Avi Wigderson Paul M. N. Feehan in honor of Deane Montgomery in memory of Martin and Odilla Feehan Ming-Chit Liu Peter Redfield Alex J. Feingold Brandon C. Look Juhyung Rhi Thomas Figueira Marilena LoVerde P. J. Rhodes Carole K. Fink Michèle Lowrie Matthias L. Richter Lisa Florman Steve Lubow Melvin and Michaela Richter Gerald B. Folland Richard Lyons James B. Rives and John L. Johnston John Freed Andrew MacFadyen Jonathan L. Rosner Norbert Frei Jeffrey E. Mandula Catherine J. Ross and Jon Rieder David and Donna Gabai in memory of Sidney Coleman Professor John C. Rouman Fred Gilman Greg Martin Cihan Saclioglu Carol Gluck Rex and Donna Martin Stuart Samuel Professor and Mrs. Peter B. Golden Clint McCrory Charles Sanft Roe W. Goodman Patrick McGuinn Patrick Sänger Sue Goodman David McNeill Konrad Schmid in memory of Maryam Mirzakhani Sarah McPhee Gordon Schochet Robert Goulding Michael R. McVaugh in memory of Albert Hirschman and Clifford Geertz Erich Gruen in memory of Marshall Clagett John Schrecker Barbara Haggh-Huglo Professor John R. Melville-Jones in memory of Michel Huglo Carolyn Merchant Gerald W. Schwarz/Kravitz Schwarz Family Fund of the Fidelity Charitable Julia L. Hairston Joel Migdal Gift Fund Roger N. Hancock Margaret M. Miles Jerrold Seigel Dr. Bruno Harris Joseph Minahan Emanuele Senici Julia Hartmann Farshid Minbashian Alan E. Shapiro Charles W. Haxthausen Ivan Mirkovic Joel A. Shapiro Professor Randolph C. Head Maria Teresa Marabini Moevs Agnes Sherman Henryk Hecht Carlos Julio Moreno Daniel J. Sherman Susanna B. Hecht Melvyn B. Nathanson Allan J. Silberger Professor Douglas Heggie Catharine Newbury Amy Singer Helmut Heit Y. Jack Ng Michael Singer James and Lynn Heitsch Martti Nissinen Jonathan Skaff Ghaith Hiary Thomas F. X. Noble Malcolm Skolnick Alex Himonas Yong-Geun Oh Robert C. Sleigh, Jr. Morris W. Hirsch Takashi Ono in memory of Professor Morton White

84 OTHER AMIAS DONORS (continued) James R. and Margaret L. Wiseman Edward J. Groth Louis and Francis Witten Diane and Moris Guvenis Neal Snyderman Isser Woloch in honor of Marilyn and Scott Tremaine Robert Socolow Fund of the Jewish Edythe P. Woodruff Blaine Paxton Hall Communal Fund Don Wyatt James F. Hawkins Charles M. Sommerfield York-Peng Edward Yao Carol E. Hoffman Eric Sommers Jonathan Yavelow Pamela R. Hughes Diane L. Souvaine in honor of Freeman Dyson James H. and Jacqueline Johnson Dave Spiegel M. Crawford Young Nancy Johnson and Larry Filler Grace Marmor Spruch Froma I. Zeitlin Jane L. Johnston in memory of Larry Spruch in memory of George Zeitlin in memory of David Pines and Aravind Srinivasan Michal Zydor David L. Maurushat Harold M. Stark Charitable Fund of the in memory of Andre Weil Peter and Meredith Kellner Fidelity Charitable Gift Fund Michael Klompus Jim Stasheff Julianne Kmiec in memory of Maryam Mirzakhani Other IAS Fund Donors Joselle Lamoutte and Christopher Freeland Clarence F. Stephens† Anonymous (9) Marsha Levin-Rojer George Sterman and Elise Frank Anonymous Michael Licitra Columba Stewart, OSB in honor of Alison I. Beach, Ph.D. in honor of Patrick Geary Eric M. Linn Anonymous George J. Losoncy András Stipsicz in honor of Elaine Birch-Ruffell Norman and Armena Macartney Susan Mosher Stuard Anonymous Matthew Sudano in honor of Michael Walzer Diane McGowan Dr. and Mrs. John Brendan Sullivan Susan Allen George F. Meierhofer R. Richard Summerhill, Ph.D. AmazonSmile Foundation Morley and Jean Melden Charitable Trust Andrei Suslin Matt Banks Gail F. Miller, Ph.D. in memory of Vladimir Voevodsky Ken and Debbie Baron Walter G. Montgomery and Marian Gruber in honor of Richard (Dick) Garwin Claudia Swan Mark Baumgartner/Bridgewater Paul E. Szarmach Associates, LP Edwin and Linda Morgens in honor of Freeman Dyson Alexander Sze Dr. and Mrs. Thomas G. Baumgartner in honor of The Baumgartner Family The Myhrvold & Havranek Family Earl J. Taft Charitable Fund Dennis Block Richard Talbert Laura O’Neill Beth Brainard John E. Talbott Joyce and Philip Orenstein in memory of Felix Gilbert in memory of Vladimir Voevodsky and in Tari Pantaleo William G. Thalmann honor of Didier Fassin receiving the NOMIS Distinguished Scientist Award PNC Foundation Jean C. Thomas Barbara Chancellor Marion and Bob Pollack Leslie L. Threatte Angelos Chaniotis Martin Rees Lisa Traynor Kelly Cherry and Burke Davis Mitchell Revalski Stuart Turner Giles Constable and Patricia Woolf Christoph Rode Salil Vadhan and Jennifer Sun Linda Cooper and Dan Loughner Arunkumar Santhanakrishnan Holly Van Auken in memory of the Tamil author, Sujatha in memory of Edward Thomas Cline Jr. Clement Cottingham Croucher Foundation The Seligsohn Foundation Philip and Arachne van der Eijk in memory of Jonathan Raphael Seligsohn and Frans van Liere Kathleen McDermott Eastman in memory of Natalie Roberts McDermott and Marsha Elaine Zebin Alexander A. Voronov in memory of Maryam Mirzakhani Mohamed W. Sesay (TAMBA) Samuel S. Wagstaff, Jr. Antonio Elmaleh and Anne Williams in memory of Professor Bertram Kostant and in memory of Joseph Doob Professor Irving Segal Josephine Faass Jonathan Wahl Fareed, Noreen, Sana, Sami Shaikh Hamid Fahim Rezaei Barbara Walker Alexandre Sogicami in honor of John von Neumann Harold and Catherine Falk in honor of Betty and Gordon Moore Thomas Wallnig David and Phyllis Feinblum Sauro Succi The Walsh Charitable Fund of the Ayco Carmela Vircillo Franklin John Sutton Charitable Foundation Kim P. Gallagher, Ph.D. Alexandra Tatnall Lee Palmer Wandel Elizabeth and Aristides Georgantas Kelly Devine Thomas Matt Waters Christopher Glover Ward S. Titus and Elena Taratuta Brian Wecht Gottlieb Fund of the Fidelity Charitable Jeannette Tregoe David Weinberg Gift Fund in memory of Helen Chooljian in memory of John Bahcall David Gould Marissa and Jesse Treu John Wermer Patricia Graham, M.D. Tracy L. Van Dorpe in honor of Professor Arne Beurling Ed Greaney Bruce and Nancy Wallman Jennifer Widner Vartan Gregorian Jeff Walz Robert Lee Wilson Mikhail Grinberg Giving Account of the Peter Wendell/Wendell Family Fidelity Charitable Gift Fund Foundation † Deceased Husson Groenenboom in honor of Elizabeth Boluch Wood

85 OTHER IAS FUND DONORS (continued) Gifts-in-Kind Donors Einstein Legacy Society Dr. Abdulrahman al-Salmi The Einstein Legacy Society was established Dave Witham Hassan Ansari in 1995 to honor those who have made a in memory of Mr. and J. Javier Arce Mrs. Clarence F. Witham planned gift to the Institute for Advanced Alison I. Beach Study, or have informed the Institute of a Mark Witten Leonid A. Beliaev in memory of Polly Ann Witten bequest intention or other provision in their Emmanuel Bermon Dr. Peter N. Yianilos estate plans. The Society takes its name from Anna Boreczky G. W. Bowersock Albert Einstein, Institute Faculty member, Matching Gift Companies T. Corey Brennan 1933–55. Einstein Legacy Society members The following organizations made matching Timothy Brook include Trustees, Faculty and Faculty Emeriti, gifts to the IAS Fund. Mr. Dan Burt Friends, former Members and Visitors, Staff, Professor Caroline W. Bynum and other private donors. Exxon Mobil Foundation Guillaume Calafat Anonymous (4) Google Inc. Giorgio Caravale Michael L. Barnett† Johnson & Johnson Professor Angelos Chaniotis Wen-Shing Chou Robert and Susan Beckman Samuel H. Kress Foundation Melanie and John Clarke Victoria and Hank Bjorklund Microsoft Matching Gifts Program Victor Cojocaru Richard B. Black The Pew Charitable Trusts William J. Connell Enrico Bombieri Pfizer Foundation Sir John Elliott Harold Broitman The Rockefeller Foundation Professor Didier Fassin Robert Butow S&P Global Foundation Dr. Arsenio Ferraces-Rodríguez Claude Calame SIG: Susquehanna International Group, Menachem Fisch Martin Chooljian LLP Dr. Cloudy (Klaus-Dietrich) Fischer Giles Constable UBS Investments Chad Alan Goldberg Dr. John W. Dawson, Jr. Varadero Capital, LP Cynthia Hahn Hedwig C.H. Dekker Martin Heijdra in memory of Professor Jacob C. E. Dekker Professor William Doyle, FBA Other Sources of Support Johan Heilbron Geoffrey Herman Masaaki Eguchi The Institute for Advanced Study expresses Colin Heydt Janet and Arthur Eschenlauer appreciation for support for its operations Minoru Inaba Graham Farmelo and outreach activities from the following Professor Emeritus Jonathan I. Israel Carl and Toby Feinberg government agencies. Adam Izdebski Dr. Cloudy (Klaus-Dietrich) Fischer Jinhua Jia Dr. Paul Forman National Science Foundation through a Professor Christopher P. Jones Lor and Michael Gehret sub-award from the National Academy of Stephen Lambert Peter and Helen Goddard Sciences The Professors Marilyn and Irving Lavin Rachel D. Gray National Aeronautics and Space Rhodri Lewis Ed Greaney Administration Jason Moralee Betty W. (Tina) Greenberg National Institutes of Health through a Professor Tatsuo Nakami Phillip A. Griffiths sub-award from Columbia University Pantelis Nigdelis Robert M. Guralnick National Science Foundation Martti Nissinen James F. Hawkins Smithsonian Institution Astrophysical Carlos F. Noreña Sigurdur Helgason Observatory Marek J. Olbrycht Rosanna W. Jaffin Space Telescope Science Institute Professor Peter Paret Akio Kawauchi United States Air Force Research Laboratory Yiran Pei Tatsuo Kimura through a sub-award from Carnegie Mellon Giulia Puma Dr. Florian Langenscheidt University Frank Rexroth Robert and Charlotte Langlands United States Department of Energy David G. Romano Walter H. Lippincott U.S.–Israel Binational Science Foundation Els Rose Mr. and Mrs. Robert W. Loughlin Ortal-Paz Saar Robert MacPherson and Mark Goresky Dr. Sabine Schmidtke Steve Mariotti Joan W. Scott Loris and Bruce McKellar George Steinmetz Annette Merle-Smith Kenneth M. Swope Alexander P. Mourelatos Babu Thaliath Sarah Jones Nelson Roberto Tottoli Sherry B. Ortner Karl Ubl Elena Petronio Jonathan Unglaub Doraiswamy Ramachandran Professor Heinrich von Staden Susan E. Ramirez Professor Michael Walzer John H. Rassweiler Everett Zhang Millard M. Riggs Elyn Zimmerman Barbara Heard Roberts

† Deceased

86 EINSTEIN LEGACY SOCIETY (continued) Edward T. Cone Membership in Music Eric and Wendy Schmidt Membership in Studies Biology Daniel H. Saracino Corning Glass Works Foundation Fellowship Schwab Charitable Fund made possible by Patricia Sato George William Cottrell, Jr. Membership the generosity of Eric and Wendy Schmidt N. J. Slabbert Roger E. Covey Membership in East Asian Simons Foundation Jack Steinberger Studies Charles Simonyi Endowment Fund Chuu-Lian Terng and Richard S. Palais Patricia Crone Membership Space Telescope Science Institute Hubble Franklin K. Toker Roger Dashen Membership Fellowship Grazia Tonelli The Gladys Krieble Delmas Foundation The Starr Foundation Biology Endowment Marilyn and Scott Tremaine Deutsche Bank Membership The Starr Foundation East Asian Studies Professor and Mrs. V.S. Varadarajan Elizabeth and J. Richardson Dilworth Endowment Fund Professor C. Franciscus Verellen and Fellowship Louise and John Steffens Founders’ Circle Mrs. Isabelle M. Verellen Paul Dirac Fund Membership Brian F. Wruble Willis F. Doney Membership The Peter Svennilson Membership The Ellentuck Fund Frank and Peggy Taplin Membership United States Department of Energy Professorships, Memberships, Ky Fan and Yu-Fen Fan Endowment Carl P. Feinberg Founders’ Circle Membership The Oswald Veblen Fund and Other Dedicated Funds Roger W. Ferguson, Jr. and Annette L. Edwin C. and Elizabeth A. Whitehead The Institute expresses its continuing gratitude Nazareth Membership Fellowship to donors who have provided support through The 50th Anniversary Fellowship in Social Wolfensohn Family Membership these endowed funds and through gifts and Science The James D. Wolfensohn Fund Zurich Insurance Company Membership pledges of operating support. Richard B. Fisher Membership Friends of the Institute for Advanced Study Membership OTHER DEDICATED ENDOWMENTS ENDOWED PROFESSORSHIPS Fund for Historical Studies AND FUNDS Richard Black Professorship Fund for Mathematics Fund for Natural Sciences Ruth and Irving Adler Expository Lectures Carl P. Feinberg Professorship in Mathematics Fund Fund for Social Science Robert and Luisa Fernholz Professorship Artist-in-Residence Endowment Felix Gilbert Membership Albert O. Hirschman Professorship The Broitman Foundation Fund Marvin L. Goldberger Membership IBM von Neumann Professorship Edward T. Cone Concert Series Endowment Hetty Goldman Membership Fund George F. Kennan Professorship R. Llewelyn Davies Fund Florence Gould Foundation Fund Leon Levy Professorship Gladys Krieble Delmas Endowment Agnes Gund and Daniel Shapiro Membership Harold F. Linder Professorship Friends of the Institute for Advanced Study Luce Foundation Professorship in East Asian Ralph E. and Doris M. Hansmann Endowment Membership Studies Vartan Gregorian Innovation Fund Maureen and John Hendricks Visiting Herbert H. Maass Professorship Professor Harish-Chandra Endowment Andrew W. Mellon Professorship Professorship Gerda Henkel Stiftung Membership IAS Land Endowment Oppenheimer Visiting Professorship Kresge Challenge Fund Charles Simonyi Professorship The Herodotus Fund IBM Einstein Fellowship Dr. S. T. Lee Fund for Historical Studies UPS Foundation Professorship Leon Levy Book Fund Hermann Weyl Professorship Infosys Membership Fund W. M. Keck Foundation Fund Anneliese Maier Research Award James D. Wolfensohn Professorship in Social Mary Marquand Endowment Science Hans Kohn Membership Martin L. and Sarah F. Leibowitz Membership Marston Morse Memorial Fund Otto Neugebauer Fund ENDOWED AND ANNUAL1 MEMBER William D. Loughlin Membership Deborah Lunder and Alan Ezekowitz New Initiatives Fund SUPPORT Founders’ Circle Membership Erwin Panofsky Fund Adler Family Fund Elinor Lunder Founders’ Circle Membership Nancy Peretsman and Robert Scully AMIAS Membership The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Fund Endowment John N. Bahcall Fellowship The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Public Policy Lecture Series Endowment The Bell Companies Fellowship Fellowships for Assistant Professors Henry Schaerf Memorial Fund The Michael and Victoria Bershadsky Fund in Minerva Research Foundation Membership Mr. and Mrs. William H. Scheide Artist- Natural Sciences The Ambrose Monell Foundation in- Residence Endowment Bezos Fund National Aeronautics and Space Simons Center for Systems Biology Addie and Harold Broitman Membership in Administration Endowment Biology NASA Einstein Fellowship Simons Foundation Endowment Fund Charles L. Brown Membership in Biology National Science Foundation Charles and Lisa Simonyi Endowment Fund Carnegie Corporation of New York Natural Sciences Membership Fund Karoly Simonyi Memorial Endowment Fund S. S. Chern Foundation for Mathematics Patrons’ Endowment Fund The Sivian Fund Research Fund Giorgio and Elena Petronio Fellowship Leo Usdan Fund Shiing-Shen Chern Membership Fund Giorgio and Elena Petronio Fellowship II Shelby White and Leon Levy Archives Endowment Martin A. and Helen Chooljian Founders’ Princeton Foundation for Peace & Learning Circle Membership Founders’ Circle Membership Wolf Foundation Prize Endowment Martin A. and Helen Chooljian Membership John Rassweiler Founders’ Circle Membership Martin A. and Helen Chooljian Membership Raymond and Beverly Sackler Foundation in Biology Fund Neil Chriss and Natasha Herron Chriss Schmidt Fellowship Fund Founders’ Circle Membership 1 Annual gifts from July 1, 2017–June 30, 2018

87 FOUNDERS, TRUSTEES, AND OFFICERS OF THE BOARD AND OF THE CORPORATION, 2017–2018

Founders Robbert Dijkgraaf David M. Rubenstein Director and Leon Levy Professor Co-Founder and Co-Executive Chairman Louis Bamberger Institute for Advanced Study The Carlyle Group Caroline Bamberger Fuld Princeton, New Jersey Washington, D.C. Mario Draghi Eric E. Schmidt Board and Corporate Officers President, European Central Bank Technical Advisor Frankfurt, Germany Alphabet Inc. Charles Simonyi Mountain View, California Chair of the Board Roger W. Ferguson, Jr. President and Chief Executive Officer, TIAA James H. Simons James H. Simons New York, New York Chairman of the Board, Renaissance Vice Chair of the Board Technologies LLC Through May 5, 2018 E. Robert Fernholz President, Euclidean Capital LLC Founder, INTECH New York, New York Shelby White Princeton, New Jersey Vice Chair of the Board Through May 5, 2018 Through May 5, 2018 Jeffrey A. Harvey Charles Simonyi Enrico Fermi Distinguished Service Professor Nancy B. Peretsman Technical Fellow The University of Chicago Vice Chair of the Board Microsoft Corporation Chicago, Illinois From May 5, 2018 Redmond, Washington Through May 5, 2018 Brian F. Wruble Peter Svennilson Treasurer of the Corporation Mark Heising Founder and Managing Partner Managing Director The Column Group Janine M. Purcaro Medley Partners Management LLC San Francisco, California Assistant Treasurer San Francisco, California From October 28, 2017 Shirley M. Tilghman Nancy S. MacMillan President Emerita Secretary of the Corporation Jeanette Lerman-Neubauer Professor of Molecular Biology and Public Trustee, Neubauer Family Foundation Affairs Elizabeth Boluch Wood Principal, JP Lerman & Co. Princeton University Assistant Secretary Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Princeton, New Jersey

Nancy S. MacMillan Ewine F. Van Dishoeck The Board of Trustees Publisher Professor of Molecular Astrophysics Princeton Alumni Weekly Leiden University Afsaneh Beschloss Princeton, New Jersey Founder and Chief Executive Officer Leiden, The Netherlands RockCreek David F. Marquardt From May 5, 2018 Washington, D.C. Founding Partner, August Capital Shelby White Menlo Park, California Manjul Bhargava Trustee Leon Levy Foundation R. Brandon Fradd Professor of Mathematics Narayana Murthy Princeton University Founder, Infosys Limited New York, New York Princeton, New Jersey Bangalore, India Through May 5, 2018 Brian F. Wruble Victoria B. Bjorklund Jonathan M. Nelson Retired Partner Founder and Chief Executive Officer Chairman, New York Board of Trustees, Founder, Exempt-Organizations Group Providence Equity Partners, LLC The Oppenheimer Funds Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP Providence, Rhode Island Chairman Emeritus, The Jackson Laboratory New York, New York Key West, Florida John Overdeck Neil A. Chriss Co-Chairman Trustees Emeriti Founder Two Sigma Investments, LP Hutchin Hill Capital, LP New York, New York Richard B. Black New York, New York Martin A. Chooljian Nancy B. Peretsman Christopher Cole Managing Director Vartan Gregorian Chairman, Ardea Partners LLC Allen & Company LLC Peter R. Kann Princeton, New Jersey New York, New York Helene L. Kaplan Spiro J. Latsis Veena Das Sandra E. Peterson Krieger-Eisenhower Professor of Anthropology Group Worldwide Chairman Martin L. Leibowitz and Adjunct Professor of Humanities Johnson & Johnson David K.P. Li Johns Hopkins University New Brunswick, New Jersey Ronaldo H. Schmitz Baltimore, Maryland Harold T. Shapiro Martin Rees Lorraine Daston Professor Emeritus of Cosmology Michel L. Vaillaud Professor and Director and Astrophysics Marina v.N. Whitman Max Planck Institute for the History of Science Astronomer Royal and Fellow of James D. Wolfensohn, Chair Emeritus Berlin, Germany Trinity College University of Cambridge Cambridge, England

88 ADMINISTRATION, 2017–2018

Robbert Dijkgraaf Library Administration Computing, Director and Leon Levy Professor Telecommunications, Emma Moore and Networking Nadine M. S. Thompson Librarian, Mathematics and Natural Sciences Administration Executive Assistant to the Director Marcia Tucker Jeffrey Berliner Josephine S. Faass Librarian, Historical Studies and Social Chief Information Officer Director of Academic Affairs Science (also Coordinator of Information Access for Computing, Telecommunications, Brian Epstein and Networking Administration) Computer Manager Janine M. Purcaro Network and Security Chief Operating Officer and Associate Casey Westerman Director for Finance and Administration Archivist Kevin Kelly Computer Manager Mark Baumgartner School of Mathematics School Administration Chief Investment Officer Jonathan Peele Michael Ciccone Nicole Maldonado Computer Manager Chief Administrative Operations Officer Administrative Officer Information Technology Group School of Mathematics William Grip James Stephens Chief Facilities Officer Donne Petito Computer Manager Administrative Officer School of Natural Sciences Michael Klompus School of Social Science Chief Human Resources Officer Edna Wigderson Michelle Sage Manager of Databases and Integration Mary Mazza Administrative Officer Comptroller and Chief Fiscal Officer School of Natural Sciences

Michel Reymond Suzanne P. Christen Chef and Director of Dining Services Executive Director and Administrator The Simons Center for Systems Biology School of Natural Sciences Elizabeth Boluch Wood Chief Development Officer and Associate Marian Gallagher Zelazny Director for Development and Administrative Officer Communications School of Historical Studies

Mary Boyajian Programs Senior Director of Principal and Planned Giving From September 25, 2017 Beth Brainard Program Officer Kelly Devine Thomas IAS/Park City Mathematics Institute Director of Editorial and Content Strategy Arlen K. Hastings Miriam Harris Director of External Projects Chief of Staff, Office of Development and Communications Michelle Huguenin From September 18, 2017 Administrative Program Manager Women and Mathematics Pamela Hughes Director of Friends and Stewardship Programs David Lang Artist-in-Residence Susan Olson Director of Events Rafe Mazzeo Director Karla Cosgriff IAS/Park City Mathematics Institute Director of Annual Giving From March 6, 2018 Margaret Readdy Academic Program Manager Women and Mathematics

89 PRESENT AND PAST DIRECTORS (in order of service as of June 30, 2018)

Abraham Flexner · Frank Aydelotte J. Robert Oppenheimer · Carl Kaysen · Harry Woolf Marvin L. Goldberger · Phillip A. Griffiths · Peter Goddard · Robbert Dijkgraaf

PRESENT AND PAST FACULTY (2017–18 Faculty and Faculty Emeriti are in black)

Stephen L. Adler · James W. Alexander · Andrew E. Z. Alföldi · Danielle Allen

Nima Arkani-Hamed · Michael F. Atiyah · John N. Bahcall · Arne K. A. Beurling · Yve-Alain Bois

Enrico Bombieri · Armand Borel · Jean Bourgain · Glen W. Bowersock

Caroline Walker Bynum · Luis A. Caffarelli · Angelos Chaniotis · Harold F. Cherniss · Marshall Clagett

Giles Constable · Patricia Crone · José Cutileiro · Roger F. Dashen · Pierre Deligne

Nicola Di Cosmo · Freeman J. Dyson · Edward M. Earle · Albert Einstein · John H. Elliott

Didier Fassin · Patrick J. Geary · Clifford Geertz · Felix Gilbert · James F. Gilliam · Peter Goddard

Kurt Gödel · Hetty Goldman · Peter Goldreich · Oleg Grabar · Phillip A. Griffiths · Christian Habicht

Harish-Chandra · Jonathan Haslam · Ernst Herzfeld · Albert O. Hirschman · Helmut Hofer · Lars V. Hörmander

Piet Hut · Jonathan Israel · Ernst H. Kantorowicz · George F. Kennan · Robert P. Langlands · Irving Lavin

Tsung-Dao Lee · Stanislas Leibler · Arnold J. Levine · Elias A. Lowe · Robert MacPherson

Juan Maldacena · Avishai Margalit · Eric S. Maskin · Jack F. Matlock, Jr. · Millard Meiss

Benjamin D. Meritt · John W. Milnor · David Mitrany · Deane Montgomery · Marston Morse

J. Robert Oppenheimer · Abraham Pais · Erwin Panofsky · Peter Paret · Tullio E. Regge

Winfield W. Riefler· Dani Rodrik · Marshall N. Rosenbluth · Peter Sarnak · Sabine Schmidtke

Joan Wallach Scott · Nathan Seiberg · Atle Selberg · Kenneth M. Setton · Carl L. Siegel · Thomas Spencer

Walter W. Stewart · Bengt G. D. Strömgren · Richard Taylor · Homer A. Thompson · Scott Tremaine

Kirk Varnedoe · Oswald Veblen · Vladimir Voevodsky · John von Neumann · Heinrich von Staden

Michael Walzer · Robert B. Warren · André Weil · Hermann Weyl · Morton White · Hassler Whitney

Avi Wigderson · Frank Wilczek · Edward Witten · Ernest Llewellyn Woodward

Chen Ning Yang · Shing-Tung Yau · Matias Zaldarriaga

90 Institute for Advanced Study— Louis Bamberger and Mrs. Felix Fuld Foundation

Financial Statements June 30, 2018 and 2017 (With Independent Auditors’ Report Thereon)

91 Independent Auditors’ Report

The Board of Trustees Institute for Advanced Study–Louis Bamberger and Mrs. Felix Fuld Foundation:

We have audited the accompanying financial statements of Institute for Advanced Study–Louis Bamberger and Mrs. Felix Fuld Foundation, which comprise the statements of financial position as of June 30, 2018 and 2017, and the related statements of activities and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes to the financial statements. Management’s Responsibility for the Financial Statements Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles; this includes the design, implementation, and maintenance of internal control ­relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. Auditors’ Responsibility Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free from material misstatement. An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. The procedures selected depend on the auditors’ judgment, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control relevant to the entity’s preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity’s internal control. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made by ­management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion. Opinion In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Institute for Advanced Study–Louis Bamberger and Mrs. Felix Fuld Foundation as of June 30, 2018 and 2017, and the changes in its net assets and its cash flows for the years then ended, in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

October 26, 2018

92 STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION JUNE 30, 2018 AND 2017

Assets 2018 2017 ______

Cash and cash equivalents $ 2,046,757 1,005,909 Accounts receivable and other assets 3,457,752 3,074,199 Grants receivable 2,092,063 1,980,650 Contributions receivable, net 24,106,193 11,677,987 Mortgages receivable 5,407,378 6,284,894 Funds held by bond trustee 852,322 2,457,470 Beneficial interest in remainder trust 1,066,466 1,061,403 Land, buildings and improvements, equipment, and rare book collection, net 122,170,708 102,551,004 Investments 809,182,814 777,519,685 ______Total assets $ 970,382,453 907,613,201 ______

Liabilities and Net Assets

Liabilities: _ Accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 10,949,189 11,406,056 Deferred revenue 9,522,988 9,617,054 Liabilities under split-interest agreements 1,819,942 1,900,266 Postretirement benefit obligation 18,308,952 17,832,643 Asset retirement obligation 1,142,036 1,116,114 Bond swap liability 2,316,450 3,447,319 Long-term debt, net 92,039,675 70,387,750 ______

Total liabilities 136,099,232 115,707,202 ______Net assets: Unrestricted 367,373,266 360,890,589 Temporarily restricted 211,062,206 177,061,931 Permanently restricted 255,847,749 253,953,479 ______

Total net assets 834,283,221 791,905,999 ______

Total liabilities and net assets $ _ 970,382,453 907,613,201 ______

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

93 STATEMENT OF ACTIVITIES YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 2018

Temporarily Permanently Unrestricted restricted restricted Total ______Revenues, gains, and other support: Private contributions and grants $ 91,245 35,595,398 1,894,270 37,580,913 Government grants — 6,770,907 — 6,770,907 Investment return 26,719,615 30,223,024 — 56,942,639 Change in fair value of bond swap liability 1,130,869 — — 1,130,869 Gain on sale of plant assets 2,518,055 — — 2,518,055 Auxiliary activity 5,789,947 — — 5,789,947 Net assets released from restrictions— satisfaction of program restrictions 38,589,054 (38,589,054) — — ______

Total revenues, gains, and other support 74,838,785 34,000,275 1,894,270 110,733,330 ______

Expenses: School of Mathematics 11,860,863 — — 11,860,863 School of Natural Sciences 11,661,281 — — 11,661,281 School of Historical Studies 8,243,513 — — 8,243,513 School of Social Science 3,725,912 — — 3,725,912 Libraries and other academic 6,387,004 — — 6,387,004 Administration and general 16,540,048 — — 16,540,048 Auxiliary activity 9,937,487 — — 9,937,487 ______

Total expenses 68,356,108 — — 68,356,108 ______

Changes in net assets 6,482,677 34,000,275 1,894,270 42,377,222

Net assets—beginning of year 360,890,589 177,061,931 253,953,479 791,905,999 ______

Net assets—end of year $ 367,373,266 211,062,206 255,847,749 834,283,221 ______

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

94 STATEMENT OF ACTIVITIES YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 2017

Temporarily Permanently Unrestricted restricted restricted Total ______Revenues, gains, and other support: Private contributions and grants $ 132,207 9,744,027 1,064,847 10,941,081 Government grants — 6,922,152 — 6,922,152 Investment return 23,379,515 26,930,175 — 50,309,690 Change in fair value of bond swap liability 1,680,539 — — 1,680,539 Loss on sale of plant assets (11,834) — — (11,834) Auxiliary activity 5,372,411 — — 5,372,411 Net assets released from restrictions— satisfaction of program restrictions 37,027,865 (37,027,865) — — ______

Total revenues, gains, and other support 67,580,703 6,568,489 1,064,847 75,214,039 ______

Expenses: School of Mathematics 10,930,788 — — 10,930,788 School of Natural Sciences 11,364,271 — — 11,364,271 School of Historical Studies 7,579,365 — — 7,579,365 School of Social Science 3,627,565 — — 3,627,565 Libraries and other academic 6,491,183 — — 6,491,183 Administration and general 15,196,630 — — 15,196,630 Auxiliary activity 8,599,549 — — 8,599,549 ______

Total expenses 63,789,351 — — 63,789,351 ______

Changes in net assets 3,791,352 6,568,489 1,064,847 11,424,688

Net assets—beginning of year 357,099,237 170,493,442 252,888,632 780,481,311 ______

Net assets—end of year $ 360,890,589 177,061,931 253,953,479 791,905,999 ______

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

95 STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS YEARS ENDED JUNE 30, 2018 AND 2017

2018 2017 ______Cash flows from operating activities: Change in net assets $ 42,377,222 11,424,688 Adjustments to reconcile change in net assets to net cash used in operating activities: Depreciation and amortization expense 5,769,778 4,942,462 Contributions restricted for endowment and plant (9,761,994) (8,489,319) Net appreciation on investments (59,732,183) (53,600,807) Change in fair value of bond swap liability (1,130,869) (1,680,539) (Gain) loss on sale of plant assets (2,518,055) 11,834 Amortization of debt issuance costs 60,729 58,409 Amortization of bond discount 26,693 22,357 Changes in assets/liabilities: Receivables and other assets 382,550 322,292 Contributions receivable (17,428,206) 8,227,415 Beneficial interest in remainder trust (5,063) 1,552,066 Accounts payable and accrued expenses (456,867) 2,573,288 Deferred revenue (94,066) (1,228,622) Postretirement benefit obligation 476,309 (640,725) Asset retirement obligation 25,922 33,337 ______

Net cash used in operating activities ______(42,008,100) ______(36,471,864)

Cash flows from investing activities: Proceeds from sale of plant assets 3,453,425 1,201,172 Purchase of plant assets (26,324,852) (18,032,719) Proceeds from sale of investments 312,370,302 317,226,232 Purchase o f investments ______(284,301,248) ______(275,976,095)

Net cash provided by investing activities ______5,197,627 ______24,418,590 Cash flows from financing activities: Contributions restricted for endowment and plant 14,761,994 8,489,319 Decrease in liabilities under split-interest agreements (80,324) (12,872) Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt 24,724,503 — Principal payments on long-term debt (3,160,000) (2,915,000) Principal payments on note payable — (74,665) (Increase) decrease in funds held by bond trustee ______1,605,148 ______(30,597) Net cash provided by financing activities 37,851,321 5,456,185 ______Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 1,040,848 (6,597,089)

Cash and cash equivalents—beginning of year 1,005,909 7,602,998 ______Cash and cash equivalents—end of year $ 2,046,757 1,005,909 ______Supplemental data: Interest paid $ 3,006,937 2,747,631

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

96 NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS JUNE 30, 2018 AND 2017

(1) Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (a) Organization The Institute for Advanced Study–Louis Bamberger and Mrs. Felix Fuld Foundation (the Institute), an independent, private institution devoted to the encouragement, support, and patronage of learning, was founded in 1930 as a community of scholars where intellectual inquiry could be carried out in the most favorable circumstances. Focused on mathematics and classical studies at the outset, the Institute today consists of the School of Historical Studies, the School of Mathematics, the School of Natural Sciences, and the School of Social Science. Each school has a small ­permanent faculty, and some 190 fellowships are awarded annually to members visiting the Institute from other research institutions and universities throughout the world. The Founders’ original letter to the first trustees described the objectives of the Institute as follows: “The primary purpose is the pursuit of advanced learning and exploration in fields of pure science and high scholarship to the utmost degree that the facilities of the institution and the ability of the faculty and students will permit.”

(b) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The accompanying financial statements, which are presented on the accrual basis of accounting, have been prepared to focus on the Institute as a whole and to present net assets and revenues, expenses, gains, and losses based on the existence or absence of donor-imposed restrictions. Accordingly, net assets and changes therein are classified as follows: • Permanently restricted net assets—net assets subject to donor-imposed stipulations that they be maintained permanently by the Institute. Generally, the donors of these assets permit the Institute to use all or part of the income earned on related investments for general or specific purposes. • Temporarily restricted net assets—net assets subject to donor-imposed stipulations that will be met by actions of the Institute and/or by the passage of time. • Unrestricted net assets—net assets not subject to donor-imposed stipulations. Unrestricted net assets may be designated for specific purposes by action of the Board of Trustees. Revenues are reported as increases in unrestricted net assets unless use of the related asset is limited by donor-imposed restrictions. Expenses are reported as decreases in unrestricted net assets. Expiration of donor-imposed stipulations that simultaneously increase unrestricted net assets and decrease temporarily restricted net assets are reported as net assets released from restrictions.

(i) Contributions and Grants Contributions and grants, including unconditional promises to give, are recognized initially at fair value as revenues in the period received. Conditional promises to give are not recognized until they become uncondi- tional, that is when the conditions on which they depend are substantially met. Contributions of assets other than cash are recorded at their estimated fair value. Pledges of contributions to be received after one year are discounted at a risk-adjusted discount rate. The discount rates range from 1.24% to 2.81%. Amortization of discount is recorded as additional contribution revenue in accordance with donor-imposed restrictions, if any, on the contributions. The inputs to the fair value estimate are considered Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. Contributions of long-lived assets are reported as unrestricted revenue. Contributions restricted for the acquisi- tion of grounds, buildings, and equipment are reported as temporarily restricted revenues. These contributions are reclassified to unrestricted net assets upon acquisition of the assets.

(ii) Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less, except for those managed as a component of the Institute’s investment portfolio.

97 (iii) Mortgages receivable The Institute regularly offers first mortgages on primary residences to full-time faculty and senior administrative employees who have met certain requirements stipulated by the Board of Trustees.

(iv) Investments Investments in marketable securities are reported in the financial statements at fair value based on published market quotations. Investments in limited partnerships and hedge funds are reported in the financial statements at estimated fair value using net asset value (NAV) or its equivalent as a practical expedient, based upon values provided by external investment managers or general partners, unless it is probable that all or a portion of the investment will be sold for an amount different from NAV. The Institute reviews and evaluates the values pro- vided by external investment ­managers and general partners and agrees with the valuation methods and assumptions used in determining the fair value of funds. These estimated fair values may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a ready market for these securities existed. As of June 30, 2018 and 2017, the Institute had no plans or intentions to sell investments at amounts different from NAV. The statements of activities recognize unrealized gains and losses on investments as increases and decreases, respectively, in unrestricted net assets unless their use is temporarily or permanently restricted by explicit donor stipulation or law. Gains and losses on the sale of investment securities are calculated using the specific­ identification method.

(v) Fair Value Measurements Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows: • Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities • Level 2: Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities • Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the asset or liabilities. Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time based on available market information and judgments about the financial asset, including estimates of timing, amount of expected future cash flows, and the credit standing of the issuer. In some cases, the fair value estimates cannot be substantiated by comparison to inde- pendent markets. In addition, the disclosed fair value may not be realized in the immediate settlement of the financial asset and does not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time an entire holding of a particular financial asset. Potential taxes and other expenses that would be incurred in an actual sale or settlement are not reflected in amounts disclosed. NAV is used as a practical expedient for certain commingled funds, privately held investments, and securities held in partnership format for which a readily determinable fair value is not available, unless the Institute believes such NAV calculation is not measured in accordance with fair value. These values may differ signifi- cantly from values that would have been used had a readily available market existed for such investments, and that difference could be material to the change in net assets of the Institute.

(vi) Plant Assets and Depreciation Proceeds from the sale of plant assets, if unrestricted, are transferred to operating funds or, if restricted, to amounts temporarily restricted for plant acquisitions. Depreciation is provided over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets on a straight-line basis (buildings and capital improvements 20–40 years, equipment 3–6 years).

(vii) Deferred Revenue Amounts received on conditional grants are recorded initially as deferred revenue and are reported as revenues when expended in accordance with the terms of the condition.

98 (viii) Split-Interest Agreements The Institute is the beneficiary of various unitrusts, a pooled income fund, and a gift annuity fund. The Institute’s interest in these split-interest agreements is reported as a contribution in the year received and is calculated as the difference between the fair value of the assets contributed to the Institute and the estimated liability to the beneficiary. This liability is computed using actuarially determined rates and is adjusted annually to reflect changes in the life expectancy of the donor or annuitant, amortization of the discount, and other changes in the estimates of future payments. The assets held by the Institute under these arrangements are recorded at fair value as determined by quoted market prices and are included as a component of investments.

(ix) Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs Debt issuance costs represent costs incurred in connection with debt financing. Amortization of these costs is ­provided on the effective interest method extending over the remaining term of the applicable indebtedness. In fiscal year 2017, the Institute adopted the provisions of Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs, which requires that debt issuance costs related to the recog- nized debt liability be presented as a direct reduction from the debt liability on the statement of financial position.

(x) Asset Retirement Obligation The Institute recognizes the fair value of a liability for legal obligations associated with asset retirements in the period in which the obligation is incurred if a reasonable estimate of the fair value of the obligation can be made. When the liability is initially recorded, the Institute capitalizes the cost of the asset retirement obligation by increasing the carrying amount of the related long-lived asset. The liability is accreted to its present value each period and the capitalized cost associated with the retirement obligation is depreciated over the useful life of the related asset. Upon settlement of the obligation, any difference between the cost to settle the asset retirement obligation and the liability recorded is recognized as a gain or loss in the statements of activities.

(xi) Fund Raising Expenses Fund raising expenses incurred by the Institute amounted to $1,958,071 and $1,660,098 for the years ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. This amount is included in administration and general expenses in the accompanying statements of activities.

(xii) Functional Allocation of Expenses The costs of providing program services and support services of the Institute have been summarized on a functional basis in the statements of activities. Accordingly, certain operating costs have been allocated among the functional categories.

(xiii) Tax Status The Institute is exempt from federal income taxes pursuant to Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code (the Code) and is listed in the Internal Revenue Service Publication 78. The Institute has been classified as a public charity under Section 509(a) of the Code. There are certain transactions that could be deemed unrelated business income and would result in a tax liability. Management reviews transactions to estimate potential tax liabilities using a threshold of more likely than not. It is management’s estimation that there are no material tax liabilities that need to be recorded.

(xiv) Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabil- ities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Estimates also affect the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

(xv) Future Accounting Standards The FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-14, Presentation of Financial Statements of Not-for-Profit Entities, which among other things, changes how not-for-profit entities report net asset classes, expenses and liquidity in their financial statements. The significant requirements of the new ASU include the reduction of the number of net asset classes from three to two: with donor restrictions and without donor restrictions; the presentation of expenses by their function and their natural classification in one location; quantitative and qualitative information about the management of liquid resources and availability of financial

99 assets to meet cash needs within one year of the date of the Statement of Financial Position; and retaining the option to present operating cash flows in the Statements of Cash Flows using either the direct or indirect method. The Institute plans to adopt ASU 2016-14 for the year ending June 30, 2019. The FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2018-08, to clarify and improve the scope and the accounting guidance for contributions received and contributions made. The amendments in this Update should assist entities in (1) evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as contributions (nonre- ciprocal transactions) within the scope of Topic 958, Not-for-Profit Entities, or as exchange (reciprocal) transactions subject to other guidance and (2) determining whether a contribution is conditional. The Institute plans to adopt ASU 2018-08 for the year ending June 30, 2019. The Institute is continuing to evaluate the impact of adopting these guidances on its financial statements.

(2) Contributions Receivable Unconditional promises to give at June 30, 2018 and 2017 were as follows:

______2018 ______2017 Unconditional promises to give: Less than one year $ 10,175,180 3,859,280 One to five years ______16,869,901 ______8,670,212 27,045,081 12,529,492 Discount on promises to give (2,938,888) (851,505) ______Total $ 24,106,193 11,677,987 ______

At June 30, 2018 and 2017, 78% and 92% of gross contributions receivable and 43% and 10% of contributions revenue are from four donors, respectively. During fiscal year 2011, the Institute received two conditional pledges totaling $100 million to enhance the Institute’s endowment fund. The pledges were conditioned on the Institute raising an additional $100 million in cash or pledges from third-party donors in the period January 1, 2011 through June 30, 2015, which have been met. The conditional pledge payments began in June 2011 and will continue through June 30, 2022. As of June 30, 2018 and 2017, the Institute has recorded revenue totaling approximately $97.8 million and $93.8 million, respectively, relating to these conditional pledges.

(3) Investments, Funds Held by Bond Trustee, and Beneficial Interest in Remainder Trust (a) Overall Investment Objective The overall investment objective of the Institute is to invest its assets in a prudent manner that will achieve a long- term rate of return sufficient to fund a portion of its annual operating activities and capital preservation. The Institute diversifies its investments among various managers and investment opportunities. Substantially all of the investments are pooled with each individual fund subscribing to or disposing of units on the basis of the market value per unit, determined on a quarterly basis. Major investment decisions are authorized by the Board’s Investment Committee, which oversees the Institute’s investment program in accordance with established guidelines.

(b) Allocation of Investment Strategies In addition to traditional stocks and fixed-income securities, the Institute may also hold shares or units in traditional institutional funds as well as in alternative investment funds involving hedged strategies, private equity, and real asset strategies. Hedged strategies involve funds whose managers have the authority to invest in various asset classes at their discretion, including the ability to invest long and short. Funds with hedged strategies generally hold securities or other financial instruments for which a ready market exists and may include stocks, bonds, put or call options, swaps, currency hedges, and other instruments and are valued accordingly. Private equity funds employ buyout and venture capital strategies and focus on investments in turn-around situations. Real asset funds generally hold interests in public­ real estate investment trusts or commercial real estate through sole-member entities. Private equity and real asset strate- gies therefore often require the estimation of fair values by the fund managers in the absence of readily determinable market values. Because of the inherent uncertainties of valuation, these estimated fair values may differ significantly from values that would have been used had a ready market existed, and the differences could be material. Such valu- ations are determined by fund managers and generally consider variables such as operating results, comparable earnings

100 multiples, projected cash flows, recent sales prices, and other pertinent information and may reflect discounts for the illiquid nature of certain investments held. The following tables summarize the Institute’s investments and other assets at fair value by major category in the fair value hierarchy as of June 30, 2018 and 2017, as well as related strategy, liquidity, and funding commitments:

June 30, 2018 ______Investments ______Total ______Level 1 ______Level 2 ______Level 3 ______at NAV Investments: Long-term investment strategies: Hedge funds—onshore: Emerging markets $ 525,853 — — — 525,853 Multiple strategies ______46,377,701______— ______— ______— ______46,377,701

Total ______46,903,554______— ______— ______— ______46,903,554 Hedge funds—offshore: Structured credit $ 15,778,348 — — — 15,778,348 Distressed/high-yield 1,095,899 — — — 1,095,899 Emerging markets 25,332 — — — 25,332 Equities—long bias 19,569,096 — — — 19,569,096 Equities—long/short 56,970,468 — — — 56,970,468 Fixed income arbitrage 23,512,649 — — — 23,512,649 Multiple strategies 192,052,446 — — — 192,052,446 Quantitative/CTA 88,291,229 — — — 88,291,229 Quantitative equity long/short 11,523,826 — — — 11,523,826 Insurance 32,702,355 — — — 32,702,355 Bio tech/healthcare 30,308,671 — — — 30,308,671 Discretionary macro 18,065,459 — — — 18,065,459 Energy trading ______1,016,895______— ______— ______— ______1,016,895

Total 490,912,673 — — — 490,912,673 Limited partnerships 196,847,254 — — — 196,847,254 Cash and cash equivalents 70,648,379 70,648,379 — — — Other investments: Assets held under split-interest agreements: Cash and cash equivalents 73,647 73,647 — — — Fixed income securities ______3,797,307 ______— ______— ______3,797,307 ______—

Total investments $ 809,182,814 70,722,026 — 3,797,307 734,663,481 ______Other assets: Beneficial interest in remainder trust $ 1,066,466 — — 1,066,466 — Funds held by bond trustee: U.S. government obligations ______852,322______— ______852,322 ______— ______—

Total other assets $ 1,918,788 — 852,322 1,066,466 — ______

101 June 30, 2017 ______Investments ______Total______Level 1 ______Level 2 ______Level 3 ______at NAV

Investments: Long-term investment strategies: Hedge funds—onshore: Emerging markets $ 675,262 — — — 675,262 Multiple strategies ______56,904,046______— ______— ______— ______56,904,046

Total ______57,579,308______— ______— ______— ______57,579,308 Hedge funds—offshore: Structured credit 14,265,782 — — — 14,265,782 Distressed/high-yield 2,744,308 — — — 2,744,308 Emerging markets 49,585 — — — 49,585 Equities—long bias 17,878,487 — — — 17,878,487 Equities—long/short 63,799,196 — — — 63,799,196 Fixed income arbitrage 21,832,494 — — — 21,832,494 Multiple strategies 211,369,357 — — — 211,369,357 Quantitative/CTA 84,026,742 — — — 84,026,742 Quantitative equity long short 10,731,857 — — — 10,731,857 Insurance 25,191,951 — — — 25,191,951 Bio tech/health care 13,170,260 — — — 13,170,260 Discretionary macro 17,592,713 — — — 17,592,713 Energy trading ______11,005,872______— ______— ______— ______11,005,872 Total 493,658,604 — — — 493,658,604

Limited partnerships 161,527,481 — — — 161,527,481 Cash and cash equivalents 60,839,644 60,839,644 — — — Other investments: Assets held under split-interest agreements: Cash and cash equivalents 165,773 165,773 — — — Fixed income securities ______3,748,875______— ______— ______3,748,875 ______— Total investments $ 777,519,685 61,005,417 — 3,748,875 712,765,393 ______

Other assets: Beneficial interest in remainder trust $ 1,061,403 — — 1,061,403 — Funds held by bond trustee: U.S. government obligations ______2,457,470 ______— ______2,457,470 ______— ______— Total other assets $ 3,518,873 — 2,457,470 1,061,403 — ______

102 The following tables present the Institute’s activities for the years ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 for investments classified in Level 3:

______2018 Assets held under split-interest agreement Beneficial Fixed interest in income remainder ______Level______3______roll______forward______securities______trust______Total______Fair value at June 30, 2017 $ 3,748,875 1,061,403 4,810,278 Dispositions (276,218) — (276,218) Net realized and unrealized gains ______324,650______5,063______329,713______Fair value at June 30, 2018 $ 3,797,307 1,066,466 4,863,773 ______

______2017 Assets held under split-interest agreement Beneficial Fixed interest in income remainder ______Level______3______roll______forward______securities______trust______Total______Fair value at June 30, 2016 $ 3,729,096 2,613,469 6,342,565 Dispositions (265,346) (1,750,000) (2,015,346) Net realized and unrealized gains ______285,125______197,934______483,059______Fair value at June 30, 2017 $ 3,748,875 1,061,403 4,810,278 ______

The Institute’s accounting policy is to recognize transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy on the date of the event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer. There were no transfers between investments classified as Level 1 and Level 2 for the years ended June 30, 2018 or 2017. There were no transfers in or out of investments classified as Level 3 for the years ended June 30, 2018 or 2017. Private equity and venture capital investments are generally made through limited partnerships. Under the terms of such agreements, the Institute may be required to provide additional funding when capital or liquidity calls are made by fund managers. These partnerships have a limited existence, and they may provide for annual extensions for the purpose of disposing portfolio positions and returning capital to investors. However, depending on market conditions, the inability to execute the fund’s strategy or other factors, a manager may extend the terms of a fund beyond its originally anticipated existence or may wind the fund down prematurely. The Institute cannot anticipate such changes because they generally arise from unforeseeable events, but should they occur, they could reduce liquidity or originally anticipated investment returns. Accordingly, the timing and amount of future capital or liquidity calls in any particular future year are uncertain. As of June 30, 2018, the Institute is obligated under certain limited partnership agreements to advance additional funding in the amount of $112,097,031, which is anticipated to be called over the next 10 years.

103 Investment liquidity as of June 30, 2018 is aggregated below based on redemption or sale period:

Investment ______fair values Investment redemption or sale period: Daily $ 70,648,379 Monthly 104,671,178 Quarterly 127,859,904 Semiannually 101,881,720 Annually 61,105,576 Subject to rolling lock ups or other restrictions 137,610,724 Illiquid ______205,405,333 Total as of June 30, 2018 $ 809,182,814 ______

(c) Funds Held by Bond Trustee Funds held by bond trustee represent funds held for debt service payments to be made for the various bond indentures. These funds are being held in trust by US Bank.

(d) Redemption Restrictions—Hedge Funds At June 30, 2018, the Institute had hedge fund investments of approximately $537,816,000, of which approximately $75,963,700 was restricted from redemption for lock-up periods. At June 30, 2017, the Institute had hedge fund investments of approximately $551,237,900, of which approximately $57,769,100 was restricted from redemption for lock-up periods. Some of the investments with redemption restrictions allow early redemption for specified fees. The terms and conditions upon which an investor may redeem an investment vary, usually with the majority requiring 30 to 180 days’ notice after the initial lock-up period. The expirations of redemption lock-up periods are summarized in the table below:

Amount ______Fiscal year: 2019 $ 46,728,492 2020 24,847,411 2021 and thereafter ______4,387,784 Total $ 75,963,687 ______

(e) Redemption Restrictions—Limited Partnerships At June 30, 2018 and 2017, the Institute had limited partnership investments of approximately $196,847,300 and $161,527,500, respectively, which were restricted from redemption for lock-up periods. Some of the investments with redemption restrictions allow early redemption for specified fees. The terms and conditions upon which an investor may redeem an investment vary, usually with the majority requiring 30 to 180 days’ notice after the initial lock-up period. The expirations of redemption lock-up periods are summarized in the table below:

______Amount Fiscal year: 2019 $ 31,122,638 2020 4,523,838 2021 4,661,487 2022 41,597,886 2023 9,932,255 2024 and thereafter ______105,009,150 Total $ 196,847,254 ______

104 (4) Investment Return and Endowment Spending Policy Investment return consists of interest, dividends, and realized and unrealized gains and losses on investments. Each year, the Institute includes a portion of its endowment return in its operating budget, with the amount of such planned support determined using its spending policy. The policy of the Institute is to distribute for current spending a percentage of the fair value of pooled investments, which is determined by the Board of Trustees annually. The spending rate for operating and capital purposes was 6.16% and 6.06% for 2018 and 2017, respectively. The following tables summarize the investment return and its classification in the statements of activities for the years ended June 30, 2018 and 2017: 2018 ______Temporarily Unrestricted restricted Total ______Dividends and interest, net of investment expenses $ (1,066,685) (1,722,859) (2,789,544) Net appreciation on investments 27,786,300 31,945,883 59,732,183 ______$ 26,719,615 30,223,024 56,942,639 ______

2017 ______Temporarily Unrestricted restricted Total ______Dividends and interest, net of investment expenses $ (1,342,054) (1,949,063) (3,291,117) Net appreciation on investments 24,721,569 28,879,238 53,600,807 ______$ 23,379,515 26,930,175 50,309,690 ______

Total investment management and advisory fees were $3,377,509 and $3,359,045 for the years ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

(5) Endowment The Institute’s endowment consists of approximately 120 individual funds established for a variety of purposes including both donor-restricted endowment funds and funds designated by the Board of Trustees to function as endowments. Net assets associated with endowments, including funds designated by the Board of Trustees to function as endowments, are classified and reported based on the existence or absence of donor-imposed restrictions.

(a) Interpretation of Relevant Law The Institute has interpreted the New Jersey-enacted version of the Uniform Prudent Management of Institutional Funds Act (UPMIFA) as allowing the Institute to appropriate for expenditure or accumulate so much of a donor-­ restricted endowment fund as the Institute determines is prudent for the uses, benefits, purposes, and duration for which the endowment fund is established, subject to the intent of the donor as expressed in the gift instrument. Unless stated otherwise in the gift instrument, the assets in a donor-restricted endowment fund are donor-restricted assets until appropriated for expenditure by the Board of Trustees of the Institute. As a result of applicable accounting guidance, the Institute classifies as permanently restricted net assets (a) the original value of gifts donated to the permanent endowment, (b) the original value of subsequent gifts to the permanent endowment, and (c) accumulations to the permanent endowment made in accordance with the direction of the applicable donor gift instrument at the time the accumulation is added to the fund. The remaining portion of the donor-restricted endowment fund that is not classified as permanently restricted net assets is classified as temporarily restricted net assets until those amounts are appropriated for expenditure in a manner consistent with the standard of prudence prescribed by UPMIFA. From time to time, the fair value of assets associated with individual donor-restricted endowments may fall below the original corpus the fund included in permanently restricted net assets due to unfavorable market fluctuations subse- quent to the investment of the gift. Deficiencies of this nature, which are reported in unrestricted net assets, totaled approximately $1,952,000 and $2,012,000 at June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Subsequent gains that restore the fair value of the assets of the donor-restricted endowment fund are classified as an increase in unrestricted net assets.

105 Endowment net assets consisted of the following at June 30, 2018 and 2017:

______2018 Temporarily Permanently ______Unrestricted ______restricted ______restricted ______Total Donor restricted $ (1,952,195) 179,358,274 255,847,749 433,253,828 Board designated ______354,024,467 ______— ______— ______354,024,467

$ 352,072,272 179,358,274 255,847,749 787,278,295 ______

______2017 Temporarily Permanently ______Unrestricted ______restricted ______restricted ______Total Donor restricted $ (2,012,026) 166,280,649 253,953,479 418,222,102 Board designated ______347,628,313 ______— ______— ______347,628,313

$ 345,616,287 166,280,649 253,953,479 765,850,415 ______

Changes in endowment net assets for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 were as follows:

Temporarily Permanently ______Unrestricted ______restricted ______restricted ______Total Net assets, June 30, 2016 $ 341,747,611 159,961,990 252,888,632 754,598,233 Dividends and interest income, net (1,564,907) (1,741,293) — (3,306,200) Net appreciation on investments 24,721,569 28,344,865 — 53,066,434 Contributions 137,595 17,788 1,064,847 1,220,230 Appropriation for expenditure— operations ______(19,425,581) ______(20,302,701) ______— ______(39,728,282)

Net assets, June 30, 2017 345,616,287 166,280,649 253,953,479 765,850,415 Dividends and interest income, net (1,368,357) (1,587,839) — (2,956,196) Net appreciation on investments 27,786,300 31,769,170 — 59,555,470 Contributions 137,000 4,000,576 1,894,270 6,031,846 Appropriation for expenditure— operations ______(20,098,958) ______(21,104,282) ______— ______(41,203,240)

Net assets, June 30, 2018 $ 352,072,272 179,358,274 255,847,749 787,278,295 ______

(b) Return Objectives and Risk Parameters The Institute has adopted investment and spending policies for endowment assets that attempt to provide a predictable stream of funding to programs supported by its endowment while seeking to maintain the purchasing power of the endowment assets.

(c) Strategies Employed for Achieving Objectives The Institute manages its investments in accordance with a total return concept and the goal of maximizing returns within acceptable levels of risk. The Institute relies on a total return strategy in which investment returns are achieved through both capital appreciation (realized and unrealized) and current yield (dividends and interest). The Institute’s spending policy is designed to provide a stable level of financial support and to preserve the real value of its endowment.

106 (6) Physical Plant Physical plant and equipment are stated at cost at date of acquisition, less accumulated depreciation. A summary of plant assets at June 30, 2018 and 2017 is as follows: 2018 2017 ______Land $ 373,738 377,470 Land improvements 2,983,905 2,652,268 Buildings and improvements 175,816,514 152,314,153 Equipment 37,229,054 35,964,619 Rare book collection 203,508 203,508 Joint ownership property ______4,728,370 ______4,728,370 221,335,089 196,240,388

Accumulated depreciation ______(99,164,381) ______(93,689,384) Net book value $ 122,170,708 102,551,004 ______

(7) Long-Term Debt A summary of long-term debt at June 30, 2018 and 2017 is as follows:

2018 2017 ______2006 Series B—NJEFA $ 21,100,000 22,300,000 2006 Series C—NJEFA 14,900,000 15,500,000 2008 Series C—NJEFA 2,090,000 2,730,000 2012 Taxable 15,325,000 15,730,000 2015 Taxable 14,675,000 14,990,000 2017 Taxable ______25,000,000 ______— Long-term debt 93,090,000 71,250,000 Less: Unamortized bond discount (297,976) (240,322) Unamortized debt issuance costs ______(752,349) ______(621,928) Total long-term debt $ ______92,039,675 ______70,387,750 ______

Interest expense on long-term debt for the years ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $2,946,063 and $2,702,522, respectively.

(a) 2006 Series B In July 2006, the Institute received proceeds of the Authority offering of $29,600,000 Revenue Bonds, 2006 Series B of the Institute for Advanced Study Issue. The 2006 Series B Bonds were issued to finance the advance refunding of the outstanding 1997 Series G Bonds, the partial advance refunding of the 2001 Series A Bonds, and to pay a portion of certain costs incidental to the sale and issuance of the 2006 Series B Bonds.

(b) 2006 Series C In March 2007, the Institute received proceeds of the Authority offering of $20,000,000 Revenue Bonds, 2006 Series C of the Institute for Advanced Study Issue. Proceeds are being used to finance the costs of construction, ­renovating, and equipping certain educational facilities of the Institute to fund capitalized interest on the 2006 Series C Bonds during the renovation and construction and to pay certain costs incidental to the sale and issuance of the 2006 Series C Bonds.

(c) 2008 Series C In March 2008, the Institute received proceeds of the Authority offering of $11,255,000 Revenue Bonds, 2008 Series C of the Institute for Advanced Study Issue. The 2008 Series C Bonds were issued to finance the advance refunding of outstanding 1997 Series F Bonds, the advance refunding of outstanding 1997 Series G, and to pay a portion of certain costs incidental to the sale and issuance of the 2008 Series C Bonds.

107 (d) 2012 Taxable In December 2012, the Institute received proceeds of $17,320,000 Taxable Bonds, 2012 Series of the Institute for Advanced Study Issue, which were issued at a discount of approximately $92,000. The 2012 Taxable Bonds were used to finance the advance refunding of outstanding 2001 Series A Bonds, to fund renovations to the Members Housing facility and the costs of renovation and equipping certain educational facilities of the Institute and to pay certain costs incidental to the sale and issuance of the 2012 Taxable Bonds.

(e) 2015 Taxable In November 2015, the Institute received proceeds of $15,300,000 Taxable Bonds, 2015 Series of the Institute for Advanced Study Issue, which were issued at a discount of approximately $80,000. The 2015 Taxable Bonds were used to fund capital projects at the Institute and for other corporate purposes of the Institute and to pay certain costs ­incidental to the sale and issuance of the 2015 Taxable Bonds.

(f) 2017 Taxable In November 2017, the Institute received proceeds of $25,000,000 Taxable Bonds, 2017 Series of the Institute for Advanced Study Issue, which were issued at a discount of approximately $84,000. The 2017 Taxable Bonds were used to fund capital projects at the Institute and for other corporate purposes of the Institute and to pay certain costs ­incidental to the sale and issuance of the 2017 Taxable Bonds.

(g) Interest Rates The 2006 Series B and C Bonds bear interest at variable rates. The bonds were issued in the weekly mode with weekly rates determined by Lehman Brothers Inc, as a Remarketing Agent and paid monthly. The maximum interest rate on the 2006 Bonds shall be twelve percent (12%) per annum. The 2006 bonds are subject to redemption at various prices and require principal payments and sinking fund installments through July 1, 2031 (Series B) and July 1, 2036 (Series C). The obligation to pay the Authority on a periodic basis, in the amounts sufficient to cover principal and interest due on the bonds, is a general obligation of the Institute. On September 18, 2008, the Institute entered into a contract with JPMorgan Chase Bank to take over as a remarketing agent, replacing Lehman Brothers Inc. The 2008 Series C Bonds bear interest at rates ranging from 3% to 5% per annum, payable semiannually, are subject to redemption at various prices and require principal payments and sinking fund installments through July 1, 2021. The obligation to pay the Authority on a periodic basis, in the amounts sufficient to cover principal and interest due on the bonds, is a general obligation of the Institute. The 2012 Taxable bonds bear interest at rates ranging from 0.388% to 3.892% per annum, payable semiannually, are subject to redemption at various prices and require principal payments and sinking fund installments through December 1, 2042. The obligation to make the interest payments on a periodic basis, in the amounts sufficient to cover principal and interest due on the bonds, is a general obligation to the Institute. The 2015 Taxable bonds bear interest at rates ranging from 0.906% to 4.394% per annum, payable semiannually, are subject to redemption at various prices and require principal payments and sinking fund installments through December 1, 2045. The obligation to make the interest payments on a periodic basis, in the amounts sufficient to cover principal and interest due on the bonds, is a general obligation to the Institute. The 2017 Taxable bonds bear interest at rates ranging from 1.713% to 3.732% per annum, payable semiannually, are subject to redemption at various prices and require principal payments and sinking fund installments through November 1, 2047. The obligation to make the interest payments on a periodic basis, in the amounts sufficient to cover principal and interest due on the bonds, is a general obligation to the Institute.

(h) Bond Swap Agreement On December 22, 2008, the Institute entered into a swap agreement with Wells Fargo Bank covering $28,900,000 of outstanding 2006 Series B Bonds that required the Institute to pay a fixed rate of 3.7702% to Wells Fargo Bank in exchange for Wells Fargo Bank agreeing to pay the Institute a variable rate equal to 67% of the USD-LIBOR-BBA rate with a term of three months, payable monthly, on an identical notional amount. The notional value of the 2006 Series B Bond is $22,300,000. The effective date of the swap was December 22, 2008, and the termination date of the swap agreement coincides with the maturity of the bonds, which is July 1, 2031.

108 The Institute entered into this swap agreement with the intention of lowering its effective interest rate. At June 30, 2018 and 2017, the fair value of the interest rate swap was ($2,316,450) and ($3,477,319), respectively. The unrealized gain recognized during the years ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 in the amount of $1,130,869 and $1,680,539, respec- tively, is reported in the statements of activities in change in fair value of bond swap liability. The swap agreement utilizes Level 2 inputs to measure fair value. The fair value of the interest rate swap was determined using pricing models developed based on the LIBOR swap rate and other market data. Under the swap agreement, the Institute may be required to post collateral to the counterparty if certain triggering events (rates and dollar thresholds) are met. As of June 30, 2018 and 2017, there was no requirement to post collateral imposed by the swap counterparty. The bonds are repayable as follows at June 30, 2018:

Amount ______Year ending June 30: 2019 $ 4,105,000 2020 4,275,000 2021 4,325,000 2022 3,735,000 2023 3,965,000 2024 through 2048 ______72,685,000 Total $ 93,090,000 ______

The 2006 Series B, 2006 Series C, and 2008 Series C bonds are secured by a pledge of revenues pursuant to the respective Loan Agreements.

(i) Lines of Credit As of June 30, 2018 and 2017, the Institute had unsecured loan agreements representing a line of credit. As of June 30, 2018 and 2017, the agreement provides for borrowings up to $50,000,000, and $30,000,000 is available through June 2020 and $20,000,000 is available through April 2019. Interest payments are due on demand and interest accrues for the $20,000,000 line of credit at the LIBOR rate plus 90 basis points, which was 3.66% as of June 30, 2018 and for the $30,000,000 line of credit at LIBOR rate plus 50 basis points, which is 3.26% as of June 30, 2018. There were no borrowings in fiscal year 2018 or 2017 against the lines of credit. No interest expense was incurred for the years ended June 30, 2018 and 2017.

(j) Standby Bond Purchase Agreement On July 17, 2017, in connection with the substitution of the Standby Bond Purchase Agreements, the 2006 Bonds were subject to mandatory tender for purchase and were remarketed with an alternate liquidity facility on July 17, 2017. The 2006 Bonds continue to be in the Weekly Mode, with J.P. Morgan Securities LLC serving as a Remarketing Agent for the Bonds. Each Series of the 2006 Bonds are secured by a new Standby Bond Purchase Agreement issued by TD Bank, N.A.

(8) Pension Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits Separate voluntary defined-contribution retirement plans are in effect for faculty members and eligible staff personnel, both of which provide for annuities, which are funded, to the Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association and/or the College Retirement Equities Fund. Contributions are based on the individual participant’s compensation in accordance with the formula set forth in the plan documents on a nondiscriminatory basis. Contributions for the years ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 totaled approximately $2,389,000 and $2,250,588, respectively. In addition to providing pension benefits, the Institute provides certain health care and life insurance benefits for retired employees and faculty. Substantially, all of the Institute’s employees may become eligible for these benefits if they meet ­minimum age and service requirements. The Institute accrues these benefits over a period in which active employees become eligible under existing benefit plans.

109 The following table provides a reconciliation of the change in benefit obligation of the plan at June 30, 2018 and 2017. There are no plan assets at June 30, 2018 or 2017. 2018 2017 Postretirement benefit obligation: ______Retirees $ 6,508,512 6,411,773 Fully eligible active plan participants 3,014,814 2,519,942 Other active plan participants ______8,785,626 ______8,900,928 Postretirement benefit obligation $ 18,308,952 17,832,643 ______Change in benefit obligation: Benefit obligation at beginning of year $ 17,832,643 18,473,368 Service cost 799,501 868,823 Interest cost 680,320 658,434 Benefits paid (437,552) (404,078) Actuarial gain ______(565,960) ______(1,763,904)

Benefit obligation at end of year $ ______18,308,952 ______17,832,643 ______Components of net periodic benefit cost: Service cost $ 799,501 868,823 Interest cost 680,320 658,434 Amortization of net gain ______(565,960) ______(1,763,904)

Net periodic postretirement benefit cost $ 913,861 (236,647) ______

______2018 ______2017 Benefit obligation weighted average assumptions at June 30, 2018 and 2017: Discount rate 4.13% 3.87% Periodic benefit cost weighted average assumptions for the years ended June 30, 2018 and 2017: Discount rate 3.87% 3.61%

The healthcare trend rate is assumed to be 6.0% in fiscal 2018 and 6.0% in fiscal 2017, trending to an ultimate rate of 5.0% in 2027 and thereafter. The effects of a 1% increase or decrease in trend rates on total service and interest cost and the postretirement benefit ­obligation are as follows:

______2018 ______2017 Increase Decrease Increase Decrease ______Effect on total service and interest cost $ 461,657 (323,423) 497,021 (345,716)

Effect on the postretirement benefit obligation 4,236,423 (3,129,519) 4,262,282 (3,072,704)

110 Projected payments for each of the next five fiscal years and thereafter through 2028 are as follows:

Amount ______Year ending June 30: 2019 $ 532,000 2020 538,000 2021 548,000 2022 568,000 2023 595,000 2024 through 2028 3,582,000

The Institute funds claims as they are incurred. The Institute does not expect to contribute any amounts in fiscal year 2018 or 2017, except as needed to provide for benefit payments.

(9) Temporarily and Permanently Restricted Assets Restricted net assets are available for the following purposes at June 30, 2018 and 2017:

______2018 ______2017 Temporarily restricted net assets are restricted to: School of Mathematics $ 30,227,248 29,824,606 School of Natural Sciences 20,939,995 17,772,836 School of Historical Studies 38,004,769 37,110,599 School of Social Science 59,192,260 57,676,462 Libraries and other academic 6,595,422 6,026,748 Administration and general ______56,102,512 ______28,650,680 $ 211,062,206 177,061,931 ______Permanently restricted net assets are restricted to: Investments to be held in perpetuity, the income from which is expendable to support academic services $ 255,847,749 253,953,479 (10) Subsequent Events The Institute evaluated events subsequent to June 30, 2018 through October 26, 2018, the date on which the financial statements were issued, and determined there were no subsequent events required to be disclosed.

111

Cover: SHATEMA THREADCRAFT, Ralph E. and Doris M. Hansmann Member in the School of Social Science (right), gives a talk moderated by DIDIER FASSIN (left), James D. Wolfensohn Professor, on spectacular black death at Ideas 2017–18.

Opposite: Fuld Hall

COVER PHOTO: DAN KOMODA

Year

Academic

the

8 1 0 for

2 – 7 1 0 Report 2

Institute for Advanced Study Report for 2017–2 018 JERSEY 08540 734-8000

www.ias.edu (609) EINSTEIN DRIVE PRINCETON, NEW INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED STUDY