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LABORATORIES Philanthropist pledges $70 m to Homestake Underground Lab

South Dakota governor Mike Rounds (third from right) and philanthropist T Denny Sanford (fourth from right) prepare to cut the ribbon at the official dedication of the Sanford Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory in the former Homestake gold mine.

At the official dedication of the Homestake 4200 m water equivalent). In November 2005 donation in South Dakota, including major Underground Laboratory on 26 June, South the Homestake Collaboration issued a call for contributions to a children’s hospital centred Dakota resident, banker and philanthropist letters of interest from scientific at the University of South Dakota, and other T Denny Sanford created a stir by pledging collaborations that were interested in using educational and child-oriented endeavours. $70 m to help develop the multidisciplinary the interim facility. The 85 letters received His gift expands the alliance supporting the laboratory in the former Homestake gold comprised 60% proposals from earth science Sanford Underground Science and mine. The mine is one of two finalists for the and 25% from physics, with the remainder for Engineering Laboratory at Homestake US National Science Foundation effort to engineering and other uses. (SUSEL), joining the State of South Dakota, establish a Deep Underground Science and The second installment of $20 m by 2009 the US National Science Foundation (NSF) Engineering Laboratory (DUSEL), which will be will create the Sanford Center for Science through its competitive site selection process, a national laboratory for underground Education – a 50 000 ft2 facility in the historic the Homestake Scientific Collaboration and experimentation in nuclear and particle mine buildings. The centre is intended for the international scientific community. The gift physics, astrophysics, earth sciences, elementary-school through university anticipates continued support from the state, engineering, biology and education. Planned students, as well as for developing new the NSF and the scientific community. physics experiments include searches for methods of teaching science and engineering. ● Homestake invites enquiries from potential neutrinoless double-beta decay, searches for The third installment of $15 m provides users in the international scientific dark matter, long-baseline neutrino studies, funding to drain the facility completely, to community. Additional information can be nuclear astrophysics, low-energy solar expand Homestake down to 8000 ft and obtained from www.lbl.gov/nsd/homestake neutrinos, proton-decay, supernovae develop a laboratory at 7400 ft. These or by contacting the Homestake principal neutrinos and geoneutrinos. developments will permit Homestake to host investigator, Kevin Lesko (e-mail Sanford’s gift will be in three installments. a full programme of research in physics, earth [email protected]), or the executive-director of The first installment of $35 m, in 2007 and science and engineering, as well as a world- the South Dakota Science Technology 2008, is specifically targeted for developing class education programme. Authority, Dave Snyder (e-mail infrastructure at 4850 ft (a depth of about Sanford has a history of philanthropic [email protected]).

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COLLABORATION ASPERA gets set to aim for the stars

Representatives from 16 European national Council Strategy group, see p29) and funding agencies that are responsible for astrophysics (the European strategic planning particle astrophysics gathered at the group for astronomy, ASTRONET), and will be headquarters of the Centre national de la input, through ApPEC, to national agencies and recherche scientifique (CNRS) in Paris on European committees on large infrastructures 20 July for the launch of the AstroParticle (such as the European Strategy Forum on European Research Area (ASPERA) network. barriers to international coordination. It will Research Infrastructure). Coordination with This is a three-year ERA-NET activity under the define a roadmap on infrastructures and R&D, other regional roadmaps, in the US and Asia, Sixth Framework Programme of the European and will test the implementation of new will also be sought, with a view to optimal Commission (EC), with an EC contribution of European-wide procedures of common distribution of global infrastructures. 72.5 m. Its aim is to improve coherence and funding of large infrastructures and the The participants at the launch workshop coordination across European funding accompanying R&D. The further linking of agreed that ASPERA’s programme, the agencies for financing astroparticle physics. existing astroparticle physics infrastructures importance of which cannot be ASPERA has come about through the will also be explored. A common information underestimated, will be daunting and Astroparticle Physics European Coordination system (a database and a website) will be challenging, fully justifying the motto Per (ApPEC), a consortium of national funding constructed and studies on the differential aspera ad astra (“with difficulty to the stars”). agencies, the aims of which are to develop emergence of particle astrophysics in various ● At the outset, ASPERA comprises the long-term strategies, express the views of European countries will be performed. The following funding agencies: CNRS (France), European astroparticle physics in network is coordinated by CNRS. BMBF (Germany), CEA (France), FCT international forums, and establish a system In particular, the proposition for a roadmap (Portugal), FNRS (Belgium), FOM of peer-review assessment applicable to that is being prepared by ApPEC’s Peer Review (Netherlands), FWO (Belgium), INFN (Italy), projects in astroparticle physics. Committee will be examined in a series of MEC (Spain), MEYS (Czech Republic), SNF Europe is a leading worldwide player in workshops with the aim of formulating a (Switzerland), DEMOKRITOS (Germany), astroparticle physics, involving about 2000 common action plan, including common PPARC (UK), PTDESY (Germany), FECYT European scientists in some 50 laboratories. evaluation and funding schemes, for the (Spain) and VR (Sweden), together with CERN. The current programme costs almost 7100 m upcoming large infrastructures on high-energy One of its goals is to include all European a year and the cost of proposed future large neutrino, gamma-ray and cosmic-ray national agencies that have programmes in infrastructures is near 71 bn. This level of telescopes, gravitational antennas and astroparticle physics. For further information activity means that it is necessary to underground observatories for dark matter, contact Thomas Berghoefer (e-mail consolidate existing coordination among the double beta-decay, low-energy neutrinos and [email protected]). For information different projects at the European level. proton decay. These efforts surrounding the about ASPERA in general, contact the ASPERA will study funding and evaluation roadmap will also take account of similar coordination manager, Nathalie Olivier in Europe and will identify formal and legal European efforts in particle physics (the CERN (e-mail [email protected]).

INDUSTRY ALICE collaboration presents awards to two Italian suppliers

During the “ALICE week” held on 19–23 June periodically checks the successive releases of in Bologna, the collaboration honoured two the ALICE code and reports any violations. Italian suppliers, Istituto Trentino di Cultura The second company, MIPOT SPA, (ITC)-irst and MIPOT SPA. Cormons, has assembled silicon-strip sensors ITC-irst (Trento) Microsystems Division has with all the remaining elements necessary to produced 600 silicon double-sided sensors produce the silicon-strip modules. The silicon- with consistency in quality and reliability. strip detector is made of 1698 of these These sensors are installed in the inner modules, providing more than 2.7 million tracking system, very close to where collisions ALICE honoured two Italian industry winners. analogue detection channels. The fabrication will take place. ITC-irst was also rewarded for of the modules requires non-standard its important contribution to the offline Reasoning Systems Division has provided manufacturing, custom-made equipment and computing project for ALICE. The Automated ALICE with the RuleChecker software, which highly skilled personnel.

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AWARDS CERN physicist wins Einstein Medal

On 29 June CERN’s Gabriele Veneziano was awarded the prestigious Albert Einstein Medal for significant contributions to the understanding of string theory. The Albert Einstein Society in Bern gives the award to individuals whose scientific contributions relate to the work of Einstein. Former recipients include exceptional physicists such as Murray Gell-Mann in 2005, along with Stephen Hawking and Victor Weisskopf. Veneziano, a member of the CERN theory team since 1977, led the Theory Division from 1994 to 1997 and has already received many prestigious prizes for his outstanding work, including the Enrico Fermi Prize in 2005, the Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics of the American Physical Society in 2004, and the Pomeranchuk Prize of Moscow’s Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics in 1999. Gabriele Veneziano won the 2006 Albert Einstein Medal for his work on string theory. EPS honours two physicists for their work on nuclear masses

David Brink was one of the two physicists honoured this year. Heinz-Jürgen Kluge was rewarded for expanding our knowledge of nuclei.

Two versatile physicists won this year’s Lise including his seminal work on the theory of and spins of nuclei through a number of Meitner Prize from the Nuclear Physics Board of nuclear masses using Skyrme effective decisive, sophisticated and brilliant the European Physical Society (EPS) at the 7th interactions, nuclear giant resonances, experiments, which combine atomic and Radioactive Nuclear Beams conference in clustering in nuclei and quantum and semi- nuclear physics techniques”. A particularly Cortina d’Ampezzo in July. Theorist David Brink, classical theories of heavy-ion scattering and important step in the late 1980s, when Kluge formerly of Oxford University, and reactions”. Brink’s work continues, and he has led the ISOLDE group, was introducing experimentalist Heinz-Jürgen Kluge of GSI, written a book with Ricardo Broglia on the precision Penning traps for storing radioactive Darmstadt, have both worked on nuclear pairing interaction and nuclear superfluidity. nuclei with halflives down to less than a masses and have enriched nuclear physics. Throughout his career Kluge has had strong second, thereby allowing absolute mass The EPS rewarded Brink for “his many links with CERN and its ISOLDE facility. He measurements for nuclei far from the line of contributions to the theory of nuclear structure received the Meitner Prize for “key contributions beta-stability. This work inspired similar traps all and nuclear reactions over several decades, to our knowledge of the masses, sizes, shapes over the world, many built by Kluge’s students.

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WORKSHOP BNL meeting discusses heavy quarkonia

More than 100 experts from at least insight into QCD. In addition, the properties of 40 research centres and universities met at production and absorption of heavy-quark Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) on bound states in a nuclear medium are 27–30 June for the 4th International Workshop fundamental to understanding QCD at high on Quarkonium, organized by the Quarkonium density and temperature: quarkonium states Working Group (QWG). Participants discussed are considered to be one of the most important the latest experimental results and theoretical probes of the phase transition from normal developments, and reviewed the present and nuclear matter to the deconfined state of matter near future of heavy-quarkonium physics. likely to have been present at the beginning of The discoveries of the J/Ψ resonance at BNL the universe. Quarkonium is being studied in and SLAC in 1974, and of the Υ resonance at this context at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider Fermilab in 1977 (quickly confirmed at DESY (RHIC) at BNL, and will also be investigated at and CERN), with the parallel unveiling of a the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. whole family of new particles, led to an One aim of the QWG is to bring theorists unexpected new direction in particle physics in and experimentalists together to exchange the 1980s. These charmonium and results, needs and ideas, and to promote bottomonium states, known as heavy proposals for new measurements; another is quarkonia, are formed by a bound state of a to facilitate interaction between the quarkonia heavy quark–antiquark pair. They allowed a working subgroups. These were achieved careful testing of quantum chromodynamics during the meeting at BNL. As well as (QCD), which is now the accepted theory for discussing theoretical advances, special the strong interaction in the Standard Model, attention was paid to experiments currently replacing the phenomenological models collecting data, such as those at the Beijing previously employed. Moreover, since heavy- Electron Positron Collider, the Cornell Electron quarkonium states can decay either Storage Ring, the KEKB facility, HERA at hadronically or electromagnetically, or (in the DESY, the Tevatron at Fermilab, the PEP-II case of the Bc meson) weakly, they can be B-factory at SLAC, and RHIC. Recent results used to scrutinize the Standard Model using from experiments at CERN’s Super Proton distinct processes in different energy regimes. Synchrotron were also discussed. The Today, heavy quarkonium remains ideal for potential of forthcoming LHC experiments, the checking and applying recently developed upgrades foreseen at BES-III in Beijing and at theoretical frameworks – for example, effective RHIC, the PANDA experiment at the future field theories such as non-relativistic QCD – to Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research, and cope with the complexity of our low-energy the ideas for a Super B-factory triggered great hadronic world. The QWG was set up in 2002 interest and excitement. There was also to exchange ideas and information between substantial interest in the results of numerical experimentalists and theorists in quarkonium studies using first principles on the lattice. physics (CERN Courier March 2003 p6). One The next workshop will be at DESY in October of its first results was the preparation of a 2007. This will be the start of the LHC era, but CERN Yellow Report (Bambrilla et al. 2005), eagerly awaited results from experiments that which provides a comprehensive, state-of-the- are already running are expected by then. The art overview of heavy-quarkonium theory and high-energy LHC frontier will be complemented experiment, covering spectroscopy, decay and by high-precision experiments exploring lower production, in-medium effects, and the energy scales. Heavy-quarkonium physics will determination of QCD parameters, and also continue to play an outstanding role in the addresses the possibility of new physics coming years. beyond the Standard Model. The recent discovery of new narrow states by Further reading the Belle, BaBar and CLEO experiments N Bambrilla et al. CERN-2005-005, stresses the continued relevance of http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0412158 quarkonium, which could provide an For further details on meetings and other interpretation of the states, and hence a deeper activities of the QWG, see www.qwg.to.infn.it.

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CELEBRATION Berkeley symposium honours Swiatecki

A symposium on the Current Trends in Nuclear nuclei at high spin, and superheavy elements. Physics was recently held at Lawrence Berkeley Following the first relativistic nuclear National Laboratory to honour Wladyslaw collisions at Berkeley’s Bevalac, Swiatecki Swiatecki on his 80th birthday. Forced to flee helped to shape the conceptual framework for his native Poland after the Nazi invasion in these interactions. He introduced the 1939, Swiatecki settled in England, where he “participant spectator” picture, which formed received his doctorate under Rudolph Peierls the basis for many models, including the in Birmingham in 1950. After several years in widely applied fireball model. Denmark and Sweden, he moved to Berkeley Throughout his career, Swiatecki has in 1957, where he is still active. maintained a keen interest in general physics, Swiatecki is best known for his extensive particularly relativity and the foundation of work on macroscopic properties of nuclei, quantum mechanics. He is a member of the both static (such as the nuclear droplet Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and model) and dynamic (especially the one-body Letters and the Polish Academy of Arts and dissipation resulting from the interaction of Sciences. He was awarded the Smoluchowski the nucleons with the evolving nuclear Medal of the Polish Physical Society, and shape). His work has had a broad impact on Wladyslaw Swiatecki at the symposium to received an honorary degree from the the field, including nuclear shell effects, mark the occasion of his 80th birthday. Jagiellonian University in Krakow in 2000.

VISITS

Krzysztof Kurzydlowski, CERN welcomed the left, undersecretary of first deputy-minister of state, ministry of science foreign affairs, Jaroslav and education in Poland, Basta, left, from the met with CERN’s director- Czech Republic, for the general, Robert Aymar, first time on 20 June. and attended a ATLAS spokesperson, Resources Review Board Peter Jenni, right, meeting at CERN on along with CERN 24 April. Kurzydlowski physicist, Ivan also toured the ATLAS Lehraus, accompanied experimental area during Basta to the ATLAS his visit. underground cavern.

Serge Dassault, centre, chair of the Dassault Group and Socpresse and senator of Essonne, participated in the Amicable Economic and Social Council of France at CERN on 15 June. Dassault visited the underground cavern of the ATLAS experiment together with his son, Olivier, right, and Jean Jacques Blaising, head of the Physics Department. The participants also toured the LHC magnet assembly and testing hall, and the surface assembly hall and experimental cavern of the CMS experiment.

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OUTREACH NEW PRODUCTS

Journal gives first-hand look at science… Cedip Infrared Systems have announced an acquisition trigger module that enables its The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy range of high-performance infrared cameras to of Science is taking science to the public in measure precisely and characterize transient an engaging way with its “journal for thermal events, even for microsecond exposure inquisitive people”, Science First Hand. times. With extremely short electronic latency Published bi-monthly in separate English and times and a digital-output data stream, it is Russian editions, the format “is not quite possible to know the state of recording almost typical of academic publications”, says editor- instantaneously. For further details contact in-chief academician Nikolai Dobretsov. Emile Cornee (tel: +33 160 370 100 or e-mail Closer in look and feel to National [email protected]), or see Geographic than many learned-society www.cedip-infrared.com. magazines, Science First Hand presents non- technical articles written by scientists from CeramTec North America Corporation has across the range of research in Russia. Recent launched a 0.25 inch power-plug feed-through issues include a series looking at the work of and cable assembly for simple and safe high- the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, power connectivity, handling up to 25 kV and including an interview with the director, 100 A. Like all of CeramTec’s Hermetic Alexander Skrinsky, and articles from the products, it is built for extreme conditions, institute’s young researchers. For further including temperatures from –269 °C to information and subscriptions see 450 °C. The feed-through is leak-tight to www.sibsciencenews.org. <1× 10–10 atm-cc/s. For more information tel: +1 864 682 3215, e-mail sales@ceramtec. …and new brochure highlights the com, or see www2.ceramtec.com. PI (Physik Instrumente) LP offers the new progress of German astroparticle physics M-403/M-414 precision linear translation stages. The integrated low-fraction ball screws Germany is building a strong reputation in combine high duty-cycles and velocities with research in topics that cross the boundary minimum incremental motion of 0.1 μm. All between particle physics and astronomy, models are equipped with high-precision linear ranging from gamma-ray astronomy to dark guiding rails and recirculating ball bearings. matter. Now the Committee for Astroparticle Their high load capacity allows them to carry Physics in Germany has published an up to 50 kg and to push/pull up to 100 N. For illustrated brochure on the current German more details contact Stefen Vorndran (tel: contributions to the field. Kosmische +1 508 832 3456, e-mail [email protected]), Spurensuche: Astroteilchenphysik in or see www.pi.ws. Deutschland provides a detailed overview of the current and planned activities, which take The SAES Getters Group is upgrading its place in locations from the South Pole to the PaGeWafer production line at the headquarters African desert, and from deep tunnels to in Lainate to process 8 inch wafers for wafer- volcano summits. The brochure can be level MEMS, in addition to the 4, 5 and 6 inch downloaded as a PDF from the website at formats. PaGeWafer comprises a wafer with a www.astroteilchenphysik.de, or can be patterned getter film a few micrometres thick, ordered by writing to Forschungszentrum that is placed onto specific cavities of any Karlsruhe GmbH, Stabsabteilung shape and depth. By providing maximized Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Postfach 3640, 76021 absorption of any active gases like H20, O2, Karlsruhe, or by e-mailing [email protected]. CO, CO2, N2 and H2, it guarantees long-term stability to vacuum or to inert-gas atmosphere CORRECTION in wafer-to-wafer hermetically bonded MEMS devices. For further information contact Marco CERN Courier wishes to apologize for an the July/August issue of CERN Courier (p23), Moraja (tel: +39 029 317 8489, e-mail unfortunate error made during the editorial in which Laura Fermi, the wife of Enrico Fermi, [email protected]), or see process in the article on Ettore Majorana in was referred to as his daughter. www.saesgetters.com.

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OBITUARIES Valentine L Telegdi 1922–2006

A major figure of physics, Valentine Telegdi, experiments on parity violation, these played passed away in April. An international a central role in establishing the validity of the personality, he had strong links to Switzerland V-A structure of the weak-interaction coupling. as a student and as a professor at the Federal His scientific stature was recognized by his Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich. After his election to the US National Academy of retirement from ETH Zürich he was a permanent Sciences, and as a foreign member of many unpaid visitor at CERN, except for three months other national academies, including those of each winter, which he spent in California. It was France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, there that he died on 8 April of complications Italy, Russia and Sweden. He received many after an operation for an aneurism. scientific prizes, the most prestigious being Born in Budapest on 11 January 1922, Val the Wolf Prize, awarded to him jointly with attended technical schools in Vienna and Maurice Goldhaber in 1991. Brussels, before making a living from 1940 to He was a member of the Scientific Policy 1943 in a patent attorney’s office in Milan. He Committee at CERN, being chair from 1981 to then moved to Switzerland, where he 1983. While chairman, he and Herwig obtained a Master of Science degree as a Schopper convinced the USSR to let Lev Okun chemical engineer at EPUL (now EPFL) in 1970 the first precise measurement of the fine- attend the committee meetings as a Russian Lausanne in 1946. His initial application to structure constant obtained from the hyperfine delegate. This was very important for improving attend ETH Zürich was rejected on formal splitting in muonium (in Val’s words, “I entered East–West relations and collaboration. grounds, but the decision was reversed after the inverse millionaire’s club for accuracy”); in Val was a physicist typical of the 1950s E C G Stückelberg, whose lectures he had 1958 the invention of a stroboscopic method who enjoyed working in small groups. His attended, intervened in his favour with Paul for measuring the muon magnetic moment; in style was individualistic and he enjoyed Scherrer. At ETH Val was assigned a problem 1959 the BMT equation of motion of a spin in a ingenious experimentation. He had a taste for using nuclear emulsions, which led to his PhD magnetic field, obtained together with Val finding measurements that were crucial to under the joint direction of Scherrer and Bargmann and Louis Michel, essential for g-2 advancing the subject. He was also deeply Wolfgang Pauli. It was in Zürich in 1950 that experiments with polarized muons in storage interested in the history of past experimental he met Lidia (Lia) Leonardi, who became his rings, and one of the small team that carried discoveries and vital measurements. He wife and who was an ideal partner for him. out the first g-2 measurement at CERN; and in considered that there were important lessons In 1951, under recommendation by Viki 1983 a direct determination of the helicity of to be learned from these and that the Weisskopf, Val was offered an instructorship at the muon neutrino. ingenuity and intellectual achievements of the University of Chicago, then a hotbed of Val and his associates performed many great experimentalists were greatly 0 0 physics with people such as Subramanyam important experiments on the KS KL complex. In underestimated in textbooks and by the Chandrasekhar, Enrico Fermi and Edward a pioneering experiment at the Bevatron in physics community. Teller, with Robert Garwin and Murray 1957 they established the existence of a long- He took a great interest in languages and Gell-Mann among the young staff. After Fermi’s lived component carrying the “wrong” was a true polyglot. He mastered French, death in 1954 Val took over the leadership of strangeness; and in 1978 they provided the English, German, Hungarian, Italian and Swiss- the emulsion group and was given tenure in first quantitative evidence for the regeneration German fluently and managed many more. He 1956. He was named Enrico Fermi of K0 mesons by the atomic electrons. In the liked art, especially modern works such as Distinguished Service Professor in 1972. He 1980s, Val’s group in Zürich initiated the NA10 those of Hans Erni and Paul Klee, and enjoyed returned to Europe in 1976 to a professorship experiment at CERN, which studied the good food and wine both in restaurants and at at ETH Zürich, until his retirement in 1989, Drell–Yan production of muon pairs, allowing home, where he had a five-star cook in the though he spent much of his time at CERN. the extraction of the pion structure function and person of Lia. He had a well-earned reputation It is difficult to list all of Val’s achievements, a precise study of scaling. After his retirement for his sharp wit and an infinite store of but many involved the muon: in 1957, in in 1989 he was still scientifically active and appropriate jokes. Indeed, while a student in collaboration with Jerome Friedman, he published 11 papers, including historical Zürich he had honed this to such perfection contributed to the proof of parity violation in the papers on Fermi, Leo Szilard and others. that he was employed by a well-known café as decay chain π–μ–e using the emulsion Val’s own comment on these achievements an imitator and joke-teller to attract clients. We technique; in 1957 proof of the V-A structure of was his famous joke: “My main contributions shall remember him as a sometimes neutron β-decay; in 1961 and 1962 theory and to physics are negative: the minus sign in the demanding but wonderful friend. experiments on the hyperfine effect in muon V-A interaction of the neutron and muon- Torleif Ericson, CERN, Klaus Freudenreich, ETH capture, demonstrating its V-A structure; in capture.” In fact, together with the early Zürich, and André Martin, CERN.

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Markus Eduard Fierz-Biber 1912–2006

The theoretical physicist Markus Fierz passed 1958 and Fierz was soon named as his away on his 94th birthday in June, successor. He stayed for a year at CERN, surrounded by his family in Küsnacht near succeeding his mentor and friend Pauli at the Zürich. With him, not only has an eminent ETH Zürich in 1960. He remained there until scientist left us, but also a universal mind, he retired in 1977. able to encompass art, natural science and After his eminent papers on fields with the history of mankind. higher spin, Fierz intensively studied general Markus Fierz was born in Basel on 20 June relativity, although this work can be traced 1912, the first of twins to Eduard Fierz and only incompletely from his publications, which Linda Emma Fierz-David. The family moved include a discussion of Weyl transformations from Basel to Zürich in 1917, when his father, within the Jordan–Fierz–Brans–Dicke theory a senior chemist with the pharmaceutical and a treatise on spinors. In 1989 he company Geigy, was offered a chair in received the Albert Einstein Medal for the chemistry at the Federal Institute of totality of his work as a researcher and Technology (ETH) Zürich. In 1918 his mother teacher, and for his mediation of general was stricken by influenza, and as her recovery cultural values. was slow she sought help from Carl Gustav Fierz served for many years as the Swiss Jung with his analytic psychology. This later scientific delegate to CERN Council and was a proved important, when Fierz became the founding father, together with Res Jost and assistant and collaborator of Wolfgang Pauli, Jean-Pierre Blaser, of the Swiss Institute for who suffered a psychological crisis and was Nuclear Research founded in 1968. This was cured by Jung. fused in 1988 with the Federal Institute for Fierz attended high school in Zürich until Reactor Research to form the present-day 1931, enrolling the same year in the Paul Scherrer Institute. University of Göttingen to study physics and Eminent theoretical physicist Markus Fierz- Fierz played the violin from his youth, and it biology. There he enjoyed lectures by Biber, in 1970. (Courtesy Barbara Kruck.) was as a member of a string quartet that he Hermann Weyl and also read the works of met Menga Biber. The two music lovers were Emmanuel Kant. He returned to Zürich in on massive and massless free fields, Fierz married in 1940. In Switzerland, spared from 1933, where he continued studying at the proved the relation between spin and action, the Second World War brought an era university. Attending lectures in theoretical statistics: Bose–Einstein statistics for integer of restricted freedom in both the arts and physics by Gregor Wentzel (University of spin values and Fermi–Dirac statistics for half- natural science. Both Fierz and Jost, with Zürich) and Pauli (ETH Zürich), he decided to integer values. Forty years later he was whom Fierz developed a lasting friendship study this discipline in depth. awarded the Max Planck Medal for this after they met in 1950 at the Institute for For his PhD Fierz investigated the reaction derivation in 1979. Thereafter Fierz was a Advanced Study in Princeton, belonged to a – e +p → n+νe + γ and discovered – to lowest fierce defendant of basic chiral dotted and generation that was part of these unfolding order in the electric charge – the divergence undotted spinor components. times. Colleagues of Fierz, Jürg Fröhlich and of the cross-section that stems from long- The habilitation thesis led to work with Klaus Hepp, wrote, “Together with his wavelength photons. He obtained his PhD Pauli, where the methods were extended to colleague and friend Res Jost, [Fierz] coined from the University of Zürich in 1936 and electromagnetically interacting fields. The research, style and atmosphere at the Theory spent the summer semester in Leipzig, where comparison of local transformations arising Institute, which then was a magnet with Werner Heisenberg had formed a school. In for massless charged fields with spins 2 and international attraction for all theorists with a July, Fierz accompanied Heisenberg to a 3/2 was ahead of its time: it can be extended taste for a mathematical view of physics. The conference in Copenhagen, also attended by to the full local gauge group of supergravity, intellectual overview of the two colleagues Pauli, who proposed that Fierz should become as Sergio Ferrara, Dan Freedman and Peter generated a uniting spirit at the Institute, his assistant. Fierz accepted the offer and van Nieuwenhuizen showed in 1976. never felt any more since their departure.” returned to Zürich. In 1940 Fierz took a position as assistant We lose in Markus Fierz an outstanding In 1938 Pauli suggested that he should and “Privatdozent” at the University of Basel, physicist and a most original creative artist, write a “habilitation” thesis, and this led Fierz which he held until 1943, when he was made maybe close to the ideal of the “glass bead to consider the spin structure of a field with associate professor, becoming “Ordinarius” player” of the novel by Hermann Hesse. He special relativistic covariance and to master in 1944. Then in spring 1959 he was will be remembered with honour. difficulties that arise for spin values greater appointed director of the Theory Division of Peter Minkowski, Institute for Theoretical than 1/2. In the thesis, submitted in 1939, CERN. However, Pauli had died in December Physics, University of Bern.

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FACES AND PLACES

Edmund “Ted” Bellamy 1923–2005

Edmund “Ted” Bellamy, who died aged 82 on Laboratory on Nimrod, whose construction 11 December 2005, was an outstanding Ted had actively promoted. He spent 1966 at scholar who made a significant contribution to Stanford, in the groups of Robert Hofstadter the development of high-energy physics (HEP) and Martin Perl, then returned to London and in post-war Britain and the birth of joined the CERN Omega project. Having experimental HEP in Pisa, Italy. Born in united the Westfield team with a small Liverpool in 1923, he graduated at King’s Southampton group led by Steve Frank, they College, Cambridge, in 1948, then worked on contributed to a modification of the FRAMM his PhD at the Cavendish Laboratory. spectrometer, installed at the CERN SPS by In 1952, Ted took up a lectureship in several Italian groups. The NA7 experiment Glasgow, joining the team preparing accurately measured the kaon and pion form- experiments for the 300 MeV electron factors in the space- and time-like regions. At accelerator. Never short of ideas, he the end of the analysis Ted presented the developed a high-pressure ionization chamber mechanism. He contributed enormously to concluding seminar in the main CERN for combined dE/dx-E measurements while the education of the experimental particle- auditorium. From NA7 he moved with the waiting for the accelerator to be tuned and physics group and Giorgio Bellettini and same groups to start the ALEPH experiment at ready to start. In this creative period he Lorenzo Foà remember with gratitude his the Large Electron–Positron collider, at the interacted energetically with all of his Glasgow intellectual generosity and openness. forefront of physics of that time. colleagues, in particular with Phil March who Ted played a major part in transforming In 1984 Westfield College merged with later followed him to Westfield College. Westfield from a small, all-female, mainly Queen Mary and Royal Holloway Colleges, but In 1960 he was appointed to the newly liberal arts institution into a mixed college Ted decided not to join them and returned to established chair of physics at Westfield with a key position in the natural sciences. He Pisa as visiting professor for two years; he also College, University of London, and was served as dean of sciences and later as vice- spent a year at the University of Florida. charged with setting up a department there. principal. His profound knowledge of the Returning to the UK, he and his wife Joan First, however, he spent a sabbatical at the foundations of physics enabled him to moved to Long Hanborough near Oxford and University of Pisa, working with a newly establish research programmes in nuclear Ted, who had always been a keen sportsman formed group on neutral pion and solid-state physics besides his own and had as an undergraduate captained the photoproduction at the new 1100 MeV specialty, particle physics. He later created a football team at King’s College, took up golf electron synchrotron at Frascati. The Pisa small but influential HEP Theory Group. and captained a group of elderly golfers known group was young and inexperienced, but The first particle experiments at Westfield, as the Earwigs. included physicists who would later play a conducted with colleagues at University His collaborators from Pisa and his significant role in particle physics. With his College London, included developing an Westfield colleagues will forever hold a deep young colleagues, Ted measured the lifetime original system that coupled optical spark respect for Ted as a physicist and a fond of the neutral pion, exploiting the Primakoff chambers to vidicon cameras, a method used memory of his delightful personality. effect – the first observation of this later in experiments at the Rutherford Giorgio Bellettini and Elliot Leader.

MEETINGS

LRT 2006, the Topical Workshop in Low is Enabling Partnerships, and speakers from For further details see www2.phys. Radioactivity Techniques, will take place on industry and the European Patent Office will canterbury.ac.nz/~jcw83/conf/index.php. 1–4 October at the CNRS centre in Aussois, discuss the forthcoming European Patent France. The workshop, organized by the Network. For more information see The Joint ECT*-RBRC School on QCD Spin Modane Underground Laboratory, will bring www.eponline.org, or contact Richard Physics will be on 30 October – 8 December together experts in low-background techniques Schiettekatte (e-mail [email protected]). at the European Centre for Theoretical Studies for a variety of presentations and discussions. in Nuclear Physics and Related Areas (ECT*), For further information and online registration AUSHEP06, the Australasian High Energy Trento. The ECT* and the RIKEN-BNL Research see http://lrt2006.in2p3.fr/, or contact Pia Physics and Medical Physics Conference Center (RBRC) organized this doctoral training Loaiza (e-mail [email protected]). 2006, will be held on 17–20 October in programme to bring the excitement and Christchurch, New Zealand. The goal is to challenges of spin physics to young physicists The EPO Online Services Annual Conference showcase high-energy and medical physics in in the hope that many of them will work on 2006 will be on 4–5 October at the Lisboa New Zealand and Australia and provide experiments or associated theoretical issues. Congress Centre in Lisbon, Portugal. The theme opportunities for international collaboration. For more details see www.ect.it.

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