Fermilab- UChicago Connections Pushpa Bhat (Fermilab) Fermi50 @ University of Chicago 31 October 2017 1 10/31/17 Pushpa Bhat | Fermi50 @ UChicago The National Accelerator Laboratory created in 1967, renamed Fermilab in 1974, opened a new frontier in the exploration of matter and energy. Given a rich tradition in physics and the legacy of legendary physicists … Michelson, Millikan, Compton,.. to Fermi and beyond, it should be no surprise that the University of Chicago would have strong influence on this frontier laboratory in the suburbs of Chicago. 2 10/31/17 Pushpa Bhat | Fermi50 @ UChicago Strong and sustained connections UChicago’s connections with Fermilab dates back to the beginning of the Lab: UChicago was one of the charter members of the Universities Research Association (URA) in 1967. The Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) mentions the proximity of many excellent universities in the mid-west including UChicago as one of the reasons to select the Weston site. George Beadle, the President of UChicago (1961-68) had a committee (1967) on relationships between UChicago and NAL. Throughout the past decades, many Fermilab scientists have had joint appointments with UChicago, including our first director, Bob Wilson. Faculty at UChicago have held high positions at the Lab and have influenced the research program at the Lab. 3 10/31/17 Pushpa Bhat | Fermi50 @ UChicago Transfer of Title for NAL site to AEC The State of Illinois purchased the 6800 acre Weston site in Dec. 1966 and transferred the title to AEC on April 10, 1969. The plaque handed to Glenn Seaborg, the Chairman of AEC by Illinois Governor Richard Ogilvie reads, “The people of Illinois proudly present their fertile acres and accomplished talent to the nation for the development of a major laboratory devoted to the peaceful exploration of nature by particle physicists.” The plaque further declares that the new laboratory will be a “significant cathedral for research and learning and an international house for distinguished scholars.” The Governor’s speech also mentions the first controlled nuclear reaction “It was at Stagg Field on the University of Chicago Campus that the nuclear age was born in 1942 with the first self-sustaining, continuous nuclear reaction.” “And now, the construction of this 200 billion electron volt accelerator is a reaffirmation of that tradition ...” 4 10/31/17 Pushpa Bhat | Fermi50 @ UChicago 5 10/31/17 Pushpa Bhat | Fermi50 @ UChicago Enrico Fermi Architect of the Nuclear Age Became namesake of the Laboratory “Pope of Physics” Numerous seminal contributions to theoretical and experimental physics Chicago Pile-1 Dec. 2, 1942 6 10/31/17 Pushpa Bhat | Fermi50 @ UChicago Robert Wilson Architect of Fermilab Wilson with Ned Goldwasser, at the Main Ring tunnel model, Oakbook NAL Office, 1967 Born in Frontier, Wyoming. Wilson and Fermi, both leaders from the Trained by Lawrence at Berkeley, Manhattan Project Worked at Harvard, Cornell, Fermilab, UChicago, Columbia Fermi led the F (Fermi) division Wilson the R (Research) division 7 10/31/17 Pushpa Bhat | Fermi50 @ UChicago A National Laboratory on the Illinois Prairie Weston Village Site Fermilab Campus c. 2010 1967 8 10/31/17 Pushpa Bhat | Fermi50 @ UChicago Accelerators built 1968-71 Linac Cockroft-Walton 170 m long 750 keV 200 MeV Groundbreaking: December 1, 1968 Booster 8 GeV Rapid-cycling synchrotron Main Ring Accelerator 200-400 GeV 0.5 km circumference 6.4 km circumference 9 10/31/17 Pushpa Bhat | Fermi50 @ UChicago Accelerator Reaches Design Energy!!! Accelerator at 200 GeV Wilson receives National March 1, 1972 Medal of Science 1973 < 5 years from start of the brand new Lab < 2.5 years after groundbreaking for Main Ring Accelerator project completed ahead of time, under budget! 10 10/31/17 Pushpa Bhat | Fermi50 @ UChicago Dedication of Fermilab NAL dedicated as Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Sen. Percy, Laura Fermi, Goldwasser May 11, 1974 11 10/31/17 Pushpa Bhat | Fermi50 @ UChicago Chicago Cyclotrons at Fermilab The magnet yoke from the cyclotron built in Giant magnet of the Chicago synchrocyclotron, 1935 by Professor William D. Harkins and built 1947-51. Moved to Fermilab in 1971. colleagues at the University of Chicago, used Used in Fermilab experiment E-98. by Fermi for neutron diffusion studies and Modified to superconducting in 1980’s. Used in later in the Manhattan project. It was moved seven experiments. Decommissioned in 1991. to Fermilab in 1978. 12 10/31/17 Pushpa Bhat | Fermi50 @ UChicago Leon Lederman 2nd Director of Fermilab (1978-89) Successfully completed the Energy Doubler and the Tevatron Collider Professor at UChicago (1989-90) Demonstration of second neutrino species; Discovered the b-quark at Fermilab 1977 Enrico Fermi Award 1993 13 10/31/17 Pushpa Bhat | Fermi50 @ UChicago Jim Cronin One of his reasons to come to U Chicago in 1971 was the energy frontier machine that was being built at the National Accelerator Laboratory. Discovery of CP violation in neutral K decays, 1964 Nobel Prize to Cronin and Fitch, in 1980 14 10/31/17 Pushpa Bhat | Fermi50 @ UChicago Fixed Target Era Experiments Early fixed target Era Kaon physics Particle production at high pT Muon pair production Muon Deep inelastic scattering Valentine Telegdi Neutrino physics Kaons at the Tevatron (KTeV) Direct CP violation experiment Cronin, Winstein, Telegdi, Anderson, Pilcher, Frisch, Shochet, Wah, Oreglia, Merritt, Blucher, etc. Bruce Winstein Spokesperson of KTeV Experiment Observing Direct CP Violation 15 10/31/17 Pushpa Bhat | Fermi50 @ UChicago Particle Theory Connections J. J. Sakurai became the first “professor of the month” in the Fermilab Theory department in 1969 Subsequent professors included C.N. Yang and T.D. Lee. Benjamin Lee was the Head of the Theory Department at Fermilab and Professor at EFI at UChicago, 1971 -77. Several theorists from the Lab have held visiting professorships or joint appointments Chris Hill, Chris Quigg, Joe Lykken, Marcela Carena 16 10/31/17 Pushpa Bhat | Fermi50 @ UChicago UChicago Leaders of the Tevatron Collider Era: CDF Henry Frisch Melvyn Shochet Young-Kee Kim CDF Co-Spokesperson CDF Co-Spokesperson Deputy Director, Fermilab July 2006 – June 2013 17 10/31/17 Pushpa Bhat | Fermi50 @ UChicago Stars of the Cosmic Frontier David Schramm and Leon Lederman set the stage for establishing the Astroparticle physics center at Fermilab Rocky Kolb, Michael Turner successfully established the Center David Schramm John Carlstrom Craig Hogan Josh Frieman Scott Dodelson Stephen Kent Dan Hooper Richard Kron Brad Benson 18 10/31/17 Pushpa Bhat | Fermi50 @ UChicago Present and Future Programs University of Chicago physicists are involved in leading roles in many current experiments and future Fermilab program Neutrino program including the Fermilab flagship Neutrino experiment DUNE Accelerator Science and Developing Technology for Future Accelerators Ed Blucher Co-Spokesperson, Superconducting RF, High Field Magnets, Bright DUNE Collaboration Beams Innovation Sergei Nagaitsev and others The Chicago Quantum Exchange A collaboration between UChicago, Fermilab, Argonne 19 10/31/17 Pushpa Bhat | Fermi50 @ UChicago UChicago aims for Greater Impact: FRA In 2007, 40 years after Fermilab’s inception, the University of Chicago partnered with URA to form Fermi Research Alliance and took on a major role in the management of Fermilab URA had managed Fermilab, Robert Zimmer, since its inception, for 40 years. President, UChicago & FRA UChicago has been managing the Argonne National Laboratory since its inception in 1946. Eric Isaacs Great opportunities for stronger VP for Research ties and collaborations between and National Labs UofC, Fermilab, Argonne. 20 10/31/17 Pushpa Bhat | Fermi50 @ UChicago Bold Initiatives for the Future Fermilab reigned supreme, at the energy frontier, as the world’s premier particle physics laboratory for decades. It is making great strides at the intensity and cosmic frontiers. It has a glorious past, having discovered three elementary particles – the bottom quark, top quark and tau-neutrino. We are building a vibrant future in which UChicago is playing a critical role. If we have the same passion for science, bold vision, audacity to dream big, and an unflinching commitment, as did Fermi and Wilson, the glorious past might just be a prologue to a more exciting future. 21 10/31/17 Pushpa Bhat | Fermi50 @ UChicago C Extras 22 10/31/17 Pushpa Bhat | Fermi50 @ UChicago Wilson’s dream machine for Fermilab Site Pentevac 5 TeV p on 5 TeV pbar 23 10/31/17 Pushpa Bhat | Fermi50 @ UChicago 100 km VLHC/VLEP at Fermilab ? http://www.physicscentral.com/buzz/blog/ http://arxiv.org/pdf/1306.2369v1.pdf index.cfm?postid=4835100616060881541 • See tal PhysicsCentral Blog 24 10/31/17 Pushpa Bhat | Fermi50 @ UChicago.