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Coleoptera: Carabidae) Des Hohen Bretts (Nationalpark Berchtesgaden, Bayern, Deutschland) 9-16 ©Gesellschaft Für Angewandte Carabidologie E.V

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Coleoptera: Carabidae) Des Hohen Bretts (Nationalpark Berchtesgaden, Bayern, Deutschland) 9-16 ©Gesellschaft Für Angewandte Carabidologie E.V ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Angewandte Carabidologie Jahr/Year: 2018 Band/Volume: 12 Autor(en)/Author(s): Fritze Michael-Andreas, Muster Christoph Artikel/Article: Die Laufkäferfauna (Coleoptera: Carabidae) des Hohen Bretts (Nationalpark Berchtesgaden, Bayern, Deutschland) 9-16 ©Gesellschaft für Angewandte Carabidologie e.V. download www.laufkaefer Die Laufkäferfauna (Coleoptera: Carabidae) des Hohen Bretts (Nationalpark Berchtesgaden, Bayern, Deutschland) Michael-Andreas FRITZE1 & Christoph MUSTER2 1 Michael-Andreas Fritze, Callistus – Gemeinschaft für Zoologische und Ökologische Untersuchungen, Dahlienstr. 15, D-95488 Eckersdorf, [email protected], http://www.callistus.de 2 Dr. Christoph Muster, Neukamp 29, D-18581 Putbus, E-mail: [email protected] Received: 12.8.2017 Accepted: 21.11.2017, Published: 03.10.2018 Abstract: Groundbeetle fauna (Carabidae) of the Hohes Brett (National Park Berchtesgaden, Bavaria, Germany) - We present data from alpine carabid beetle communities in the region “Hohes Brett” (Na- tional Park Berchtesgaden, Bavaria, Germany). Pitfall traps were installed along an altitudinal transect in five habitat types ranging from 1550 m to 2170 m a.s.l. in the period from 6 October 1998 to 12 October 1999. A total of 360 specimens from 25 species were recorded. Species numbers were high in alpine scree and rock habitats (12 species) and low in subalpine spruce areas (3 species). The observed carabid beetle assemblage is typical for the region and these habitats. Very rare and extremely rare species reach re- markable proportions with respect to species (64 %) and individuals (77 %). Seven species are exclusively distributed in the alpine zone. Carabus fabricii, Oreonebria austriaca, Pteros- tichus kokeilii and Trechus pinkeri occur in Germany only in the Berchtesgaden Alps. Moreover, P. kokeilii is the single German carabid beetle species that shows a true boreoalpine distribution pattern. Thus, from a carabidological point of view, the Berchtesgaden Alps constitute an area of exceptional value among the high mountain regions in Germany. Alpine grasslands and alpine rock and scree habitats harbour the highest numbers of rare and endange- red species. Two thirds of red listed species (nine out of 14) were exclusively recorded in such habitats. Climatic change poses severe threats to dispersal limited, alpine species with special habitat require- ments (e.g., O. austriaca, P. kokeilii, T. pinkeri). The predicted uplift in vegetation zones may challenge the survival of several species in the region. Germany's international responsibility for the conservation of Leistus montanus is subject to ongoing debate. Special responsibility for Pterostichus panzeri is recognized only for isolated populations outside the Alps. Germany has a high responsibillity for the conservation of Trichotichnus laevicollis. Keywords: Carabidae, German Alps, alpine habitat, distribution, climatic change 1 Einleitung größerem Stil durchgeführt (z.B. Anwander & Schmidt 1991, Fritze & Hannig 2012, Fritze Der deutsche Alpenraum zählte bis Anfang der & Blick 2016, Harry & Höfer 2010, Leipold 1990er Jahre zu den Regionen, deren Laufkäferzö- 1996, 2001, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, nosen vergleichsweise schlecht erfasst waren. Die 2012, Manderbach 2002, Muster 2001). Die Daten stammten vorwiegend aus Einzelaufsamm- Laufkäfer aus den Fängen für die Dissertation des lungen und nur sporadisch aus umfangreicheren Koautors (Muster 2001) wurden vom Erstau- Untersuchungen (z.B. Horion 1956, Freude 1959, tor ausgewertet. Musters Untersuchung umfasste Förster 1987, Hammelbacher & Mühlenberg die gesamte Ost-West-Ausdehnung des deutschen 1986). Systematische Untersuchungen im Bereich Alpenraums. In der folgenden Arbeit werden die des gesamten bayerischen Alpenraums werden Zönosen eines Höhentransekts am „Hohen Brett“ erst seit Anfang der 1990er, überwiegend im Auf- im Nationalpark Berchtesgaden vorgestellt. trag des Bayerischen Landesamtes für Umwelt, in Angewandte Carabidologie 12 (2018): 9–16 ISSN: 2190-7862 (Internet) ©Gesellschaft für Angewandte Carabidologie e.V. download www.laufkaefer Tab. 1: Untersuchungsflächen am „Hohen Brett“ im Nationalpark Berchtesgaden Untersuchungs- TK 25 geogr. geogr. m ü. NN Beschreibung fläche Breite Länge (WGS 84) (WGS 84) beweidete Alm 8444 47,572° 13,030° 1550 steiler Borstgrasrasen mit Extensivierungszeigern (Wacholder, Vaccinien) und Denudationsbereichen, stark von Isohypsenpa- rallelen „Viehgangeln“ durchzogen subalpiner 8444 47,572° 13,026° 1550 strukturreicher Fichtenwald mit Blockwerk, Felsspalten, Altholz Fichtenwald und einem hohen Anteil von charakteristischen Pflanzen der Buchenmischwälder Latschengebüsch 8444 47,576° 13,041° 1800 lichter, talabwärts verdichtender Latschenbestand alpiner Rasen 8444 47,581° 13,043° 1950 Blaugras-Horstseggenhalde mit Steinauflage in flacheren Be- reichen Fels- und Geröll- 8444 47,583° 13,043° 2170 relativ geschlossener Polsterseggenrasen mit Steinauflage und flur Blockwerk 2 Untersuchungsgebiet schwierig zu unterscheidender Arten, z.B. aus den Gattungen Amara und Trechus, mit Genitalpräpara- Das Untersuchungsgebiet liegt im Nordosten des tion abgesichert und für Leistus montanus und Tre- Nationalparks Berchtesgaden an der Südwestflan- chus pinkeri vom Seltenheiten-Ausschuss der Ge- ke des Göll-Massivs. Der Hohe Göll (2522 m) ist sellschaft für Angewandte Carabidologie bestätigt einer der höchsten Gipfel der Berchtesgadener wurde (Fritze et al. 2017, Persohn et al. 2012). Alpen. Die einzelnen Untersuchungsflächen (Ta- Die Nomenklatur folgt Schmidt et al. (2016). belle 1) lagen entlang eines Höhentransekts, das sich von der Königsberg-Alm (ca. 1550 m) bis 4 Ergebnisse unterhalb des Jägerkreuzes (2182 m) am „Hohen Brett“ erstreckte. 4.1 Artenspektrum und Häufigkeiten Weitere Informationen zum Untersuchungsge- Es wurden 360 Individuen erfasst und 25 Arten biet und den einzelnen Untersuchungsflächen sind nachgewiesen. Pro Untersuchungsfläche liegt die bei Muster (2001: 12–27) genannt. Zahl der Tiere zwischen 41 (subalpiner Fichten- wald) und 112 bzw. 114 im alpinen Rasen und in 3 Methode der Fels- und Geröllflur. Die meisten Arten (12) wurden in der Fels- und Geröllflur, die wenigsten Die Erfassung der Laufkäferfauna erfolgte mit (3) im subalpinen Fichtenwald erfasst. Das Arten- Bodenfallen nach Barber (1931) und Stammer spektrum der Untersuchungsflächen und die Häu- (1948). Verwendet wurden Kunststoffbecher (In- figkeiten der Arten gibt Tabelle 2 wider. nendurchmesser 7 cm, Höhe 8,5 cm), die mit Sieben Arten (Carabus fabricii, Nebria hellwigii, einem Blechdach versehen wurden. Fangflüssigkeit Oreonebria austriaca, Pterostichus subsinuatus, Trechus war eine gesättigte NaCl-Lösung (vgl. Teichmann glacialis, Trechus pinkeri) sind ausschließlich alpin 1994) unter Zusatz eines Detergens zur Reduktion verbreitet. C. fabricii, O. austriaca, P. kokeilii und T. der Oberflächenspannung. pinkeri kommen in Deutschland ausschließlich im Pro Untersuchungsfläche wurden 5 Bodenfal- Berchtesgadener Land vor (Trautner et al. 2014). len ganzjährig vom 6.10.1998 bis zum 12.10.1999 Fundort der meisten rein alpin verbreiteten Arten eingesetzt. Im Winter waren die Fallen von Ende sind die Fels- und Geröllfluren. P. subsinuatus wur- Oktober bis zur Ausaperung im Mai (23.5.1999) de ausschließlich im subalpinen Fichtenwald und ausgebracht. Während der Vegetationsperiode er- im Latschengebüsch nachgewiesen. P. kokeilii ist folgte der Fallenwechsel am 20.6.1999, 5.7.1999, eine boreoalpin verbreitete Laufkäferart, die in der 31.7.1999, 23.8.1999 und 14.9.1999. Unterart P. kokeilii archangelicus Poppius, 1907 in Die Laufkäfer wurden nach Müller-Motz- kleinen Gebieten im Nordural sowie der Halbinsel feld (2006) bestimmt, wobei die Bestimmung Kanin in Russland vorkommt, und in der Nomi- 10 Angewandte Carabidologie 12 (2018) ©Gesellschaft für Angewandte Carabidologie e.V. download www.laufkaefer Tab.2: Ergebnisse der Laufkäfererfassung am „Hohen Brett“ Art beweidete subalpiner Latschen- alpiner Fels- und Summe Alm Fichtenwald gebüsch Rasen Geröllflur Abax parallelepipedus (Piller & Mitterpacher, 1783) 7 7 Amara lunicollis Schiödte, 1837 6 6 Calathus micropterus (Duftschmid, 1812) 1 1 Carabus fabricii Duftschmid, 1812 2 2 Carabus germarii Sturm, 1815 1 1 Carabus sylvestris Panzer, 1796 3 7 10 Cymindis vaporariorum (Linnaeus, 1758) 5 5 Dyschirius globosus (Herbst, 1784) 2 2 Harpalus latus (Linnaeus, 1758) 7 7 Leistus montanus Stephens, 1828 2 2 Leistus nitidus (Duftschmid, 1812) 1 4 5 Licinus hoffmannseggii (Panzer, 1797) 1 1 Nebria hellwigii (Panzer, 1803) 2 2 Oreonebria austriaca (Ganglbauer, 1889) 6 6 Oreonebria castanea (Bonelli, 1810) 1 19 20 Poecilus versicolor (Sturm, 1824) 1 1 Pterostichus burmeisteri Heer, 1838 5 13 18 Pterostichus kokeilii Miller, 1850 3 3 Pterostichus panzeri (Panzer, 1803) 2 38 40 Pterostichus strenuus (Panzer, 1796) 37 37 Pterostichus subsinuatus (Dejean, 1828) 16 36 52 Pterostichus unctulatus (Duftschmid, 1812) 55 24 1 16 15 111 Trechus glacialis Heer, 1837 18 18 Trechus pinkeri Ganglbauer, 1891 1 1 Trichotichnus laevicollis (Duftschmid, 1812) 1 1 2 Individuen 114 41 46 47 112 360 Arten 8 3 6 7 12 25 natform in den subalpinen bzw. alpinen Zonen der unklarer Fundortangaben von Reitter (1908) an. zentralen Ostalpen sowie der Ost- und Südkarpa- Im Jahr 1984 erfolgte dann im Bereich Schneib- ten (Holdhaus 1954, Holdhaus & Deubel 1910, stein/Jenner/Torrener
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