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Effectiveness of Transit Operations in Texas Cities

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Effectiveness of Transit Operations in Texas Cities TECHNICAL REPORT STANDARD TITLE P 1. Report No. 2. Government Accessio~-.,.,N,-o.----~3.-R=-.,-ci-pi-en-t'c-s-=C-ot...,.ol-og-:-N.,-.o-.------ UMTA/TX-84/ +1077-lF ~-.....,,,.....,...----,---------~---------------+----------· 4. Title and Subtitle S. Rl!port Date ·-·· ...... --- .. - Effectiveness of Transit Operations August 1984 in Texas cities 6,--p-;,·lorming Organ1 znllon Cod~ ----- -r-A-uth-or-,)-·----·---------·----------------- -·-·-~---·-·· ------- 1 8. P<trlorming Orgnn11otion R"potl N" Diane L. Bullard Technical Report 1077-lF 9. Performing Organi iotion Nome and Address 10. Work Unit No. Texas Transportation Institute The Texas A&M University System 11. Contract or Gront No. College Station, Texas 77843 Study No. 2-10-84-1077 13. Type o·f Report and Period Coverl!d 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Addrl!SS -------------~ F'nal _ September 1983 Texas State Department of Highways and Public Trans- 1 August 1984 portation; Transportation Planning Division t--;-o----:-------------- P. 0. Box 5051 14. Sponsoring Ag.,ncy Code Austin, Texas 78763 I 5. Suppl!!m<tntory Notes Research performed in cooperation with DOT, UMTA. 16. Abs tract This report is divided into 2 parts. Part I presents a set of generalized planning guidelines to assist transit properties in developing a transit perfor­ mance monHoring system which can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the services they provide. Included in the guidelines are sections detailing the following: 1) Potential uses of performance evaluation; 2) Establishment of goals and objectives; 3) A review of transit performance indicators; 4) Data need~ 5) Frequency of evaluation; and 6) Implementation of evaluative procedures. Part II of this report presents the results of a detailed evaluation of the effectiveness of the I-45 North Freeway contraflow l~ne in Houston, Texas. This evaluation addressed the.following areas of concern: 1) Start up and operating costs; 2) Operation of the contraflow; 3) Support facilities; 4) Ridership; 5) Enforcement and accidents; 6) Effect on traffic congestion, fuel consumption and air pollution;- 7) Effect on modal split; and 8) User and nonuser attitudes toward priority treatment. In addition, a set of generalized planning guidelines for use in planning and implementing contraflow operations in other urban areas of Texas was developed based on North Freeway contraflow lane experience. 17. KeyWords 18, Distribution Statement Public Transportation Transit, Perfor­ No restriction. This document is availab mance measures, Park-~nd~Ride, Contra­ to the public through the National Tech­ flow lane, Concurrent Flow Lane, nical Information Service, 5285 Port Roya Priority treatment. Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161. 19. s.. curity Classil. (ol this report) 20. Security Clossil. (of this page) 21 • No. of Pages 22. Price Unclassified Unclassified 255 Form DOT F 1700.7 1e-u1 METRIC CONVERSION FACTORS Approximate Conversions to Motric Measures UI Approximate Conversions from Metric Measures - N Symbol When You Know Multiply by To Find Symbol N Symbol When You Know Multiply by To Find Symbol ...N CIO LENGTH c LENGTH - N in inches 0 2.5 centimeters cm ...OI mm millimeters 0.04 Inch" in ft feet 30 centimeters cm cm centimeters 0.4 inches In yd Y•rds 0.9 meters m ...co m meters 3.3 feet ft mi miles 1.6 kilometers km ,.. m meters 1.1 yards yd = ... km kilometers 0.6 miles mi AREA ~ IO... AREA square inches 6.5 1quare centimeters cm2 square feot 0.09 square m11ters m' cm' square centimeters 0.16 square inches in1 lqUlre y8rd1 0.8 square miters m' ., m' square meters 1.2 squ1r1 y1rd1 yd' square miles 2.6 square kilometers km2 km' square kilometers 0.4 square mlles mi1 acres 0.4 hectares ha - ha hectarn 110,000 m2 l 2.5 acres g-= MASS (weight) ...N MASS (weight) ... oz ounces 28 orams 0 ... II grams 0.035 ounces oz lb pounds 0.45 kil09rems kg ,,.. - kg kilograms 2.2 pounds lb short tons 0.9· tonnes == ~ t tonnes (1000 kg) 1.1 short tons 12000 !bl - =--- i- OI VOLUME VOLUME _ CIO w - ml milliliter5 0.03 fluid ounces fl oz tsp teaspoons 5 milliliters ml ,.. I liters 2.1 pints pt Tbsp tablespoons 15 milliliters ml I liters 1.06 quarts qt fl oz fluid ounces 30 milliliters ml UI I liter.s 0.26 11allons gal c cups 0.24 liters I m' cubic meters 35 cubic feet tt• ms pt pints 0.47 liters I N - =­ cubic meters 1.3 cubic yards yd' qt quarts 0.95 liters I -- == 11•1 gallons 3.8 liters I TEMPERATURE (exact) ft 3 cubic feet 0.03 cubic meters m> . yd' cubic yards 0.76 cubic meters m' oc Celsius 9/5 lthen Fahrenheit temperature 1dd 321 temperature TEMPERATURE (exact) N 3·--: = ft - ==----E,.. Fahrenheit 5/9 !after · Celsius oc f -_ u t1mper1ture subtracti119 temperature = OF 321 -40 I I•' I -40 -20 0 100 • 1 in • 2.54 le1m:t1y). For oth•r exact conversions and more detailDcl tablH, 581 NBS Misc. Publ. 286, Unitl of Weights and Measures, Price $2.25. SD Catalog No. C13.10:286. oc oc EFFECTIVENESS OF TRANSIT OPERATIONS IN TEXAS CITIES by Diane L. Bullard Technical Report 1077-lF Study 2-10-84-1077 Sponsored by State Department of Highways and Public Transportation in cooperation with United States Department of Transportation Urban Mass Transportation Administration Texas Transportation Institute The Texas A&M University System College Station, Texas 77843 August 1984 The preparation of this study ~s financed in part through a grant from the Urban Mass Transportation Administration, United States Departrnant of Trans­ portation under the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964, as C11n3nded. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To successfully undertake a project of this nature requires the coopera­ tion and assistance of a number of different organizations and agencies. Texas Transportation Institute was provided with this assistance and the cooperation of the following individuals and their staffs is gratefully ac- knowledged. Charles A. Fuhs Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County John K. Thomas Survey Research Center The Texas A&M University System Texas Transportation Institute is also most appreciative of the coopera- tion of the bus operators and passengers during the on-board park-and-ride surveys. In addition, the telephone surveys could not have been successful without the cooperation of the residents of the Houston metropolitan area. ii ABSTRACT This report is divided into 2 parts. Part I presents a set of general- ized planning guidelines to assist transit properties in developing a transit performance monitoring system which can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the services they provide. Included in the guidelines are sections detail­ ing the following: 1) Potential uses of performance evaluation; 2) Establish­ ment of goals and objectives; 3) A review of transit performance indicators; 4) Data needs; 5) Frequency of evaluation; and 6) Implementation of evaluative procedures. Part II of this report presents the results of a detailed evaluation of the effectiveness of the I-45 North Freeway contraflow 1 ane in Houston, Texas. This evaluation addressed the following areas of concern: 1) Start up and operating costs; 2) Operation of the contraflow; 3) Support facilities; 4) Ridership; 5) Enforcement and accidents; 6) Effect on traffic congestion, fuel consumption and air pollution; 7) Effect on modal split; and 8) User and nonuser attitudes toward priority treatment. In addition, a set of gen- eralized planning guidelines for use in planning and implementing contraflow operations in other urban areas of Texas was developed based on North Freeway contraflow lane experience. Key Words: Public transportation, transit, performance measures, park-and­ ride, contraflow lane, concurrent flow lane, priority treatment iii SUMMARY Over the past few years, considerable attention has been focused on the need to develop a system for measuring the efficiency and effectiveness of public transportation services. Since the transit systems in Texas differ substantially with respect to size, operating environment, organizational structure and operating procedures, it is obvious that no single measurement system will be applicable to all the systems in the state. Instead, each transit property must design a transit performance measurement system tailored to their specific needs and characteristics. In the process of developing and implementing a transit performance measurement system, the following steps are suggested. 1 Delineation of the intended uses of the performance measurement and monitoring system. 1 Establishment of transit system goals and objectives. 1 Selection of specific indicators of performance. 1 Development of a plan for collecting the data necessary for compu­ tation of the performance indicators to include: - An assessment of available data; - The establishment of a transit operating profile; and - A plan for periodic re-evaluation of transit system performance in some or all of the selected categories. 1 Development of a methodology by which the computed values for the transit performance measures are compared against some pre­ determined standards or mean values or are used in combination with other indicators to form composite scores for a route. In addition to measuring the effectiveness of transit operations, it is also desirable to increase the effectiveness to the fullest extent pos­ sible. The implementation of the North Freeway contraflow lane (CFL) along with support facilities, such as park-and-ride and ramp metering, has proven iv to be a highly effective means of increasing transit ridership by offering commuters an attractive alternative to driving in heavy traffic congestion and paying the high gasoline, vehicle maintenance and parking costs associated with commuting. In addition, the contraflow lane offers a travel time savings to commuters and what time is spent traveling on board a bus (or van) can be used constructively. Other benefits derived from CFL operation include reductions in fuel consumption and air pollutants. ·Reductions in traffic congestion are also realized, but these reductions have been offset by traffic growth in the cor­ ridor.
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