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Implementing Packages of Congestion-Reducing Techniques Strategies for Dealing with Institutional Problems of Cooperative Programs

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Implementing Packages of Congestion-Reducing Techniques Strategies for Dealing with Institutional Problems of Cooperative Programs 205 NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM REPORT IMPLEMENTING PACKAGES OF CONGESTION-REDUCING TECHNIQUES STRATEGIES FOR DEALING WITH INSTITUTIONAL PROBLEMS OF COOPERATIVE PROGRAMS TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD 1979 Officers PETER G. KOLTNOW, Chairman THOMAS D. MORELAND, Vice Chairman W. N. CAREY, JR., Executive Director Executive Committee HENRIK E. STAFSETH, Executive Director, American Assn. of State Highway and Transportation Officials (ex officio) LANGHORNE M. BOND, Federal Aviation Administrator, U.S. Department of Transportation (ex officio) KARL S. BOWERS, Federal Highway Administrator, U.S. Department of Transportation (ex officio) GARY D. GAYTON, Urban Mass Transportation Administrator, U.S. Department of Transportation (ex officio) JOHN M. SULLIVAN, Federal Railroad Administrator, U.S. Department of Transportation (ex officio) HARVEY BROOKS, Chairman, Commission on Sociotechnical Systems, National Research Council (ex officio) ROBERT N. HUNTER, Chief Engineer, Missouri State Highway Department (ex officio, Past Chairman 1977) A. SCHEFFER LANG, Assistant to the President, Association of American Railroads (ex officio, Past Chairman 1978) HOWARD L. GAUTHIER, Professor of Geography, Ohio State University (ex officio, MTRB liaison) LAWRENCE D. DAH MS, Executive Director, Metropolitan Transportation Conunission, San Francisco Bay Area ARTHUR C. FORD, Assistant Vice President (Long-Range Planning), Delta Air Lines ARTHUR J. HOLLAND, Mayor, City of Trenton, N.J. ROBERT R. KILEY, Management Analysis Center, Cambridge, Mass. JACK KINSTLINGER, Executive Director, Colorado Department of Highways PETER G. KOLTNOW, President, Highway Users Federation for Safety and Mobility THOMAS J. LAMPHIER, President, Transportation Division, Burlington Northern, Inc. ROGER L. MALLAR, Commissioner, Maine Department of Transportation MARVIN L. MANHEIM, Professor of Civil Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology DARRELL V MANNING, Director, Idaho Transportation Department ROBERT S. MICHAEL, Director of Aviation, City and County of Denver, Colorado THOMAS D. MORELAND, Commissioner and State Highway Engineer, Georgia Department of Transportation DANIEL MURPHY, County Executive, Oakland County, Michigan PHILIP J. RINGO, President, ATE Management & Services Co. MARK D. ROBESON, Chairman, Finance Committee, Yellow Freight Systetns DOUGLAS N. SCHNEIDER, JR., Director, District of Columbia Department of Transportation WILLIAM R. SEARS, Professor of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona WILLIAM K. SMITH, Vice President (Transportation), General Mills JOHN R. TABB, Director, Mississippi State Highway Department JOHN P. WOODFORD, Director, Michigan Department of Transportation CHARLES V. WOOTAN, Director, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas A&M University NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM Transportation Research Board Executive Committee Subcommittee for the NCHRP PETER G. KOLTNOW, Highway Useis Federation (Chairman) KARL S. BOWERS, U.S. Department of Transportation THOMAS D. MORELAND, Georgia Department of Transportation HARVEY BROOKS, National Research Council HENRIK E. STAFSETH, Amer. Assn. of State Hwy. and Transp. Officials A. SCHEFFER LANG, Association of American Railroads W. N. CAREY, JR.. Transportation Research Board Field of Traffic Area of Traffic Planning Project Panel G7-10(2) EDWARD A. MUELLER, Jacksonville Trans. Auth. (Chairman) THOMAS LISCO, Consultant MILTON L. BROOKS, JR., Urban Mass Transportation Admin. THOMAS H. MAY, Pennsylvania Dept. of Trans. VICTOR J. CANTONE, Massachusetts Dept. of Public Works CARL S. SELINGER, The Port Auth. of New York & New Jersey ARTHUR A. CARTER, Federal Highway Administration RONALD K. GIGUERE, Federal Highway Administration HOLLIS R. GOFF, Retired DAN ROSEN, Federal Highway Administration DAVID T. HARTGEN, New York State Dept. of Trans. JOHN P. ETCHER, National Hwy. Traffic Safety Ad,nin. JAMES A. SCOTT. Transportation Research Board Pro grain Staff KRIEGER W. HENDERSON, JR., Program Director LOUIS M. MACGREGOR, Administrative Engineer ROBERT E. SPICHER, Projects Engineer R. IAN KINGHAM, Projects Engineer HERBERT P. ORLAND, Editor ROBERT J. REILLY, Projects Engineer HELEN MACK, Associate Editor HARRY A. SMITH, Projects Engineer EDYTHE T. CRUMP, Assistant Editor NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM REPORT 205 IMPLEMENTING PACKAGES OF CONGESTION-REDUCING TECHNIQUES STRATEGIES FOR DEALING WITH INSTITUTIONAL PROBLEMS OF COOPERATIVE PROGRAMS R. REMAK and S. ROSENBLOOM REMAK/ ROSENB LOOM [RESEARCH SPONSORED BY THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALS IN COOPERATION WITH THE FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION AREAS OF INTEREST: AD MI N 1ST RATIO N PLAN NING OPERATIONS AND TRAFFIC CONTROL (HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION) TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL WASHINGTON, D.C. JUNE 1979 NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM NCHRP Report 205 Systematic, well-designed research provides the most ef- Project 7-10(2) FY '75 fective approach to the solution of many problems facing ISSN 0077-5614 highway administrators and engineers. Often, highway ISBN 0-309-02912-0 problems are of local intertst and can best be studied by L. C. Catalog Card No, 79-66248 highway departments individually or in cooperation with their state universities and others. However, the accelerat- Price: $7.60 ing growth of highway transportation develops increasingly complex problems of wide interest to highway authorities. These problems are best studied through a coordinated program of cooperative research. In recognition of these needs, the highway administrators of the American Association of State Highway and Trans- Notice portation Officials initiated in 1962 an objective national The project that is the subject of this report was a pari of the highway research program employing modern scientific National Cooperative Highway Research Program conducted by the Transportation Research Board with the approval of the Governing techniques. This program is supported on a continuing Board of the National Research Council, acting in behalf of the basis by funds from participating member states of the National Academy of Sciences. Such approval reflects the Governing Association and it receives the full cooperation and support Board's judgment that the program concerned is of national impor- tance and appropriate with respect to both the purposes and re- of the Federal Highway Administration, United States sources of the National Research Council. Department of Transportation. The members of the technical committee selected to monitor this project and to review this report were chosen for recognized The Transportation Research Board of the National Re- scholarly competence and with due consideration for the balance search Council was requested by the Association to admin- of disciplines appropriate to the project. The opinions and con- clusions expressed or implied are those of the research agency that ister the research program because of the Board's recog- performed the research, and, while they have been accepted as nized objectivity and understanding of modern research appropriate by the technical committee, they are not necessarily those practices. The Board is uniquely suited for this purpose of the Transportation Research Board, the National Research Coun- cil, the National Academy of Sciences, or the program sponsors. as: it maintains an extensive committee structure from Each report is reviewed and processed according to procedures which authorities on any highway transportation subject established and monitored by the Report Review Committee of the may be drawn; it possesses avenues of communications and National Academy of Sciences. Distribution of, the report is ap- proved by the President of the Academy upon satisfactory comple- cooperation with federal, state, and local governmental tion of the review process. agencies, universities, and industry; its relationship to its The National Research Council is the principal operating agency of the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of parent organization, the National Academy of Sciences, a Engineering, serving government and other organizations. The private, nonprofit institution, is an insurance of objectivity; Transportation Research Board evolved from the 54-year-old High- it maintains a full-time research correlation staff of special- way Research Board. The TRB incorporates all former HRB activities but also performs additional functions under a broader ists in highway transportation matters to bring the findings scope involving all modes of transportation and the interactions, of of research directly to those who are in a position to use transportation with society. them. The program is developed on the basis of research needs identified by chief administrators of the highway and trans- portation departments and by committees of AASHTO. Each year, specific areas of research needs to be included in the program are proposed to the Academy and the Board by the American Association of State Highway and Trans- portation Officials. Research projects to fulfill these needs are defined by the Board, and qualified research agencies are selected from those that have submitted proposals. Ad- ministration and surveillance of research contracts are Published reports of the responsibilities of the Academy and its Transportation Research Board. NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM The needs for highway research
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