DOCSLIB.ORG

Synoptic Geology of Hungary

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Synoptic Geology of Hungary Beihefte zur European Journal of Mineralogy, vol. 11, 1999 No. 2, S. 1—6, Stuttgart, 1999 DMG-Tagung 1999 Exkursion A Synoptic geology of Hungary Miklós KÁZMÉR Department of Palaeontology, Eötvös University, Budapest, Ludovika tér 2, H-1083 Hungary; e-mail: [email protected] Introduction The geology of Hungary is best described as an orogenic collage, assembled in the Miocene, and subsequently covered by sediments. Inselbergs serve as outcrops, displaying what is below the Miocene to Quaternary cover. Since the ratio of geologists per km2 of hard rock is possibly the highest in Europe next to The Low Countries, regional geology is quite well known (Trunkó, 1996). Correlation between outcrops is best served by thousands of deep boreholes and an extensive network of seismic profiles (results of sixty years of hydrocarbon exploration), making the Pannonian Basin one of the best known great basins of the world. Hungary is enclosed by the Alps, the Carpathians and the Dinarides. Orographic pattern is that of a continuous, mildly arcuate southern mountain chain extending from the Southern Alps to the Dinarides, and a northern, highly curved loop ranging from the Eastern Alps through the Carpathians to the Dinarides. The Fig. 0.1. Schematic tectonic map of the Pannonian Basin and the surrounding mountain edifice (Bada, 1999). 1: molasse belt; 2: flysch belt; 3: pre-Tertiary units; 4: Neogene volcanics; 5: Pieniny Klippen Belt; 6: strike-slip fault; 7: normal fault; 8: thrust fault. Ba: Balaton Line, D: Drava Line; FS: Fella−Sava Line, L: Lavanttal Line; Me: Medvednica fault; MMZ: Mur–Mürz–Žilina Lineament; PAL: Periadriatic Lineament; S: Sava Line. 2 Fig. 0.2. Miocene emplacement of Alcapa and Tisza blocks of the Carpathian-Pannonian system (Bada, 1999). a: Late Ottnangian (18 Ma), b: Karpatian (17−16 Ma), c: Middle Miocene (14−11 Ma), d: Late Miocene (11−9 Ma). BM: Bohemian Massif: MHZ: Mid-Hungarian fault Zone, MP: Moesian platform, NPU: North Pannonian Unit (Alcapa), PAL: Periadriatic Lineament. latter has major importance for us, since its tectonic units outcrop as inselbergs within the Pannonian Basin (Bada et al., 1998; Bada, 1999; Fig. 0.1). Nappes of this mountain frame around the Pannonian Basin formed in different times during the Jurassic and Cretaceous in both major terranes: the Alcapa (abbreviated from Alpine-Carpathian-Pannonian) in the NW and the Tisza Terrane in the SE. Both are highly composite terranes, emplaced in their present-day position during Miocene tectonic escape and rotation (Fig. 0.2, Bada, 1999; Fodor et al., in press). They are separated by the subsurface Mid-Hungarian Line, essentially a complex Miocene tectonic zone of major strike-slip displacement (Csontos & Nagymarosy, 1998). A set of intermontane basins, collectively called the Pannonian Basin occupies the space within the Carpathian loop. These were formed during and after the emplacement of the Alcapa and Tisza terranes (Csontos, 1995). Tectonic units Mesozoic palaeobiogeography of inselbergs within the Pannonian Basin shows major contrasts: northern ones (Transdanubian Central Range) display southern, Tethyan affinities, while the southern ones (Mecsek, Villány) display northern, European affinities, especially in the Jurassic. This observation of Géczy (1973, 1984) based on Jurassic ammonites at the advent of plate tectonics was later corroborated by several authors (e.g. Vörös, 1993, on Jurassic brachiopods, Bujtor, 1993, on Cretaceous ammonites). This means that the basement of the Pannonian Basin is not uniform, but is composed of at least two major blocks. Palaeomagnetic studies of the inselbergs yielded similar results. Two domains of opposite rotations were outlined: while the Transdanubian Central Range, Bükk Mts. and Inner Western Carpathians display Tertiary counter-clockwise rotation (for latest results see Márton et al., 1996), the Mecsek, Villány and Apuseni Mts. inselbergs together with the Eastern and Southern Carpathians show Tertiary clockwise rotation (e.g. Márton, 1987; Pãtrascu et al., 1994). These data delineate two major, more or less rigid continental microplates (Balla, 1984; Csontos et al., 1992) with different Mesozoic history, emplaced during the Tertiary. Their common boundary is the subsurface Mid-Hungarian Line (Csontos & Nagymarosy, 1998). 3 The Alcapa Block is located north of the Mid-Hungarian Line. Its northern boundary is the Pieniny Klippen Belt, a zone of Cretaceous nappes which suffered left-lateral shearing in the Miocene (Birkenmajer, 1986). The two major, Tertiary subunits are the Western Carpathians in the north, its nappes being correlated to those of the Eastern Alps (Fuchs, 1984), and a southern unit composed of the Transdanubian Central Range and the Bükk Mts. This is compared best to the Southern Alps (Kázmér & Kovács, 1985). The two subunits display counter-clockwise rotation but of different magnitude (Márton et al., 1992). The Tisza-Dacia Block is located south of the Mid- Hungarian Line, and extends as far as the Sava Line in the south, and includes the Eastern and Southern Carpathians (Csontos, 1995). It suffered uniform clockwise rotation in the late Tertiary. Two minor (Mecsek and Villány) and one major (Apuseni Mts.) inselbergs concern us within and next to Hungary. The Alcapa and Tisza–Dacia blocks were emplaced during the Miocene. The northward push of the Adriatic Block initiated the extrusion of wedge-shaped tectonic lamellae in the Alps (Frisch et al., 1998). A consequence of this tectonic reorganisation was the eastward displacement and rotation of both the Alcapa and Tisza– Dacia blocks (Csontos, 1995). The subduction of oceanic crust external to the Carpathians produced a calc-alkaline volcanic arc ranging from the Visegrád Mts. in the west in Hungary (Day 1) to the Harghita Mts. in the east in Romania (Pécskay et al., 1995). Behind the arc the extensional Pannonian Basin developed, characterised by thin crust, elevated mantle and consequent high heat flow (Horváth, 1993). Scattered alkaline (Szabó et al., 1992) and potassic (Harangi et al., 1995) volcanism is associated with the young phases of extension. Today the Carpathian-Pannonian system is under compres- sion stress between the northward-moving Adriatic Microplate and the European Plate (Bada, 1999). Although we are witnesses to the last moments of an active subduction in the Vrancea Zone at the SE corner of the Carpathians in Romania (remember the earthquake which destroyed Bucharest in 1977), the cessation of Fig. 0.3. Stratigraphic column of the Mecsek all volcanic activity both in the Pannonian Basin and in the Zone after Kázmér (1986). 1: Crystalline base- Carpathians testifies that major tectonic displacements are dis- ment, 2: Upper Carboniferous clastics, 3: continued. However, stress-induced crustal-scale uplift and sub- Coarse, polymictic clastics, 4: rhyolite, 5: sidence characterises several parts of the region, elevating moun- Conglomerate, 6: Red siltstone, 7: Sandstone, 8: Conglomerate and sandstone, 9: Werfen tains and lowering alluvial basins (Horváth & Cloetingh, 1996). beds, 10: Muschelkalk, 11: Black limestone and marl, 12: Sandstone: Keuper, 13: Coal The Mecsek Zone (Day 2) measures, 14: Rhyolitic tuffite, 15: The Tisza Unit is exposed in two inselbergs, Mecsek (Fig. 0.3) and Fleckenmergel, 16: Crinoid limestones, 17: Villány in Hungary. These are outcrops of the westward extension Red nodular limestone and marl, ammonitico of Cretaceous nappes of the Apuseni Mts. in Romania. Their rosso, 18: Cherty limestone 19: Nodular lime- stone; 20: Nodular, fossiliferous limestone, correlation is known through numerous boreholes in the Great red, 21: White cherty limestone, 22: Grey, Hungarian Plain (Bérczi-Makk, 1986). marly limestone, 23: Marl, 24: Alkali basalt The Mecsek Mts. gave the name for the northernmost tectonic and various dykes, 25: Marl with zone − nappe − of the Tisza Unit. Its Variscan basement constitutes olisthostromes, 26: Pelagic limestone, 27: a variety of nappes as indicated by the occurrence of metamorphic Pelagic marls with olistostromes, 28: rocks of different grade (Trunkó, 1996:214-215). A thick, Phonolite intrusions, 29: Conglomerate and breccia, 30: Red marl, 31: Flysch, 4 Fig. 0.4. Stratigraphic column of the Transdanubian Central Range after Kázmér (1986). 33: Ammonitico rosso, 34: Hierlatz limestone, 35: Manganese ore, 36: Radiolarite, 37: Ammonitico rosso, 39: Flysch, 40: Cephalopod-tintinnid limestone, 41: Biancone, 42: Crinoid-cephalopod limestone, 43: Siliceous marl, 44: Grey crinoid limestone, 45: Alsópere Bauxite Formation, 46: Munieria marl, 47: Lower pachyodont limestone, 48: Grey siltstone, 49: Upper pachyodont limestone, 50: Glauconite marl, 51: Lamprophyre dykes, 52: Bauxite, 53: Terrestrial clastics, 54: Coal measures, 55: Gryphaea marl, 56: Inoceramus marl, 57: Hippurites limestone, 58: Bauxite, 59: Dolomite fanglomerate, 60: Conglomerate, clay and limestone, 61: Nummulites limestone, 62: Coal measures, 63: Fossiliferous marl, 64: Andesite, 65: Nummulites limestone, 66: Buda marl, 67: Laminated clay, 68: Siliceous sandstone, 69: Foraminifer clay, 70: Fluviatile beds, 71: Marine sands, 72: Marine pelites, 73: Tonalite. The Úrkút manganese deposit is No. 35, bauxite-bearing, karstic unconformities are Nos. 45 (Albian), 52 (Senonian), and 58 (Eocene). uraniferous Late Palaeozoic clastic sequence is overlain by the characteristic sediments of the German-type Triassic: Buntsandstein (variegated sandstone), Muschelkalk (shallow-water limestone), and Keuper (lacustrine
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Natural Radioactive Element Content of the Old Crystalline Rocks in Southern Transdanubia (Sw Hungary)
    Acta Mineralogica-Petrographica, Szeged, XL, 121-138, 1999 NATURAL RADIOACTIVE ELEMENT CONTENT OF THE OLD CRYSTALLINE ROCKS IN SOUTHERN TRANSDANUBIA (SW HUNGARY) E. PÁL MOLNÁR*, I. VADOS**, I. GERZSON**, B. KÓBOR* •Department of Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Pétrology, Attila József University "Mecsekérc Environment Protection Co. ABSTRACT On the basis of systématisation of several thousand radioactive element content analyses made in laboratories since the 50's, U and Th content of old granitoid rocks of Southern Transdanubia proved to be much higher than the average U and Th content of granitoids in the world. This value of rocks from areas west of Mecsek Mountains as well as near Szalatnak village and Pecs city is twice higher than the world average. Areas west of the Mecsek Mountains show higher U and lower Th contents than areas east of these mountains. Uranium accumulation is higher in aplites and hydrothermal formations than in granites. The western and eastern granites are less and highly sensitive to leaching, respectively. The intensive U migration resulted in significant U accumulation in young sediments in some places. INTRODUCTION Study of natural radioactive element (U /Ra1, Th, K) content of the rocks in Hungary was performed by the Mecseki Ércbányászati Vállalat (Mecsek Ore Mining Company) until 1990, when uranium exploration was stopped in Hungary. Aim of the analyses was to research U sources, therefore, rocks supposed to contain perspective U accumulation were mainly studied. The aim of this paper is to elaborate many thousands radiological data of granitoid rocks, gneisses and amphibolite-like metamorphic rocks coming from Southern Transdanubia (south of the Szekszárd-Kaposvár-Kutas line to the state boundary, and east of the Kutas-Csokonyavisonta-Barcs line to the Danube).
    [Show full text]
  • Microtectonic Measurements and Interpretation of the Mesozoic Formations in the Villány Hills and Görcsöny–Máriakéménd Ridge, Hungary
    Central European Geology, Vol. 53/1, pp. 21–42 (2010) DOI: 10.1556/CEuGeol.53.2010.1.2 Microtectonic measurements and interpretation of the Mesozoic formations in the Villány Hills and Görcsöny–Máriakéménd Ridge, Hungary Attila Petrik Department of Regional Geology Eötvös Lóránd University, Budapest Within the framework of a National Research Fund project, different types of scientific investigations were carried out with the aim of a comprehensive paleogeographic reconstruction of the Tisza structural unit. As part of this project microtectonic measurements in the area of the Villány Hills and Görcsöny–Máriakéménd Ridge were carried out. Several publications have already appeared concerning the structural development of the Mecsek–Villány area (Csontos and Bergerat 1988, 1993; Benkovics 1997; Csontos et al. 2002), but in these the Villány Hills and their surroundings played a secondary role compared to the Mecsek Mountains. The goal of the present study was to establish the limits of the structural phases and determine their relative and absolute ages. An important issue has been to clarify to what degree the suggested events of structural deformation could be integrated into regional geologic processes. The tectonic conditions of the area of interest were studied through description and analysis of structural elements of 12 investigated quarries within it. Calculated stress field data were also analyzed. Seven quarries in the Villány Hills, five in the Görcsöny–Máriakéménd area, the data of over 650 striae, 550 joints, various ductile deformation elements (folds, flexures) as well as stylolites, were recorded. Integrating these structural elements into the regional geologic processes was of significant importance. Introduction and geologic background The Tisza Unit (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Aspects of the Development of the Hungarian Settlement Network Within the European Structure
    RECENT ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HUNGARIAN SETTLEMENT NETWORK WITHIN THE EUROPEAN STRUCTURE After Settlement History and Theory Investigations hy Dr. Jeno I1Iajor R. NYITR.4..Y Department of Town Planning, Technical University of Budapest, H-1521 Received: November 10. 1989 Presented by: Prof. Dr. Tam~ls }!egyesi Ahstract Due to investigations by Dr. J cno Major on settlement history and theory, main trends of Hungarian urbanization and settlement network development offer an insight into the de­ velopment of European settlement network. His partly archival - research results underly­ ing settlement science methodology are without precedence. It is attempted to fit development aspects of the Hungarian settlement network to the new regional structures of the to-be Unit­ ed States of Europe. A survey is given of the rapid urbanization process in Hungary after the Mongol invasion, of periods of mediaeval urbanization surges, as well as of the settlement net­ work of industrializing-capitalizing Hungary. Inter-war settlement development, and urbanization surge after World War II point to he intensity of relations between town aud country. Dr. Jeno Major has published his study on thc bcginnings of thc dcyelop­ mcnt of Hungarian towns and settlement net,\'ork* with the intcntion to soon report on his latest findings. His available manuscripts probabilize this intention. But his unforesecn decease interrupted the puhlication of his recognitions from the examination of 11th-12th-century markets and "mar­ ketplaces" . His theoretical statements on these factors to he determinant permit to disclose regions of settlement groups functionally coherent with the market­ places, as well as their structural features.
    [Show full text]
  • Preliminary Report on the Research of Early Holocene Period in the Nwpart of Great Hungarian Plain KERTÉSZ Róbert Damjanich János Múzeum, Szolnok
    Fol. Hist.-nat. Mus. Matr., 16: 29-44, 1991 Preliminary report on the research of Early Holocene period in the NWpart of Great Hungarian Plain KERTÉSZ Róbert Damjanich János Múzeum, Szolnok ABSTRACT? In this paper the author publishes a material collected from the surface during a field survey at Jászberény I, a recently discovered Mesolithic site in the Zagyva basin in the NW part of the Great Hungarian Plain. This microlithic industry belonging to the Late Mesolithic period may throw a new light upon the Early Holocene history of the above-mentioned region. On the basis of the assemblage of typical implements found at Jászberény I the theory of a hiatus between the Paleolithic and the Neolithic in Hungary can be rejected. This site makes us to suppose that even the Great Hungarian Plain participated with equal importance in those processes which took plane in the marginal areas of the Carpathian Basin at the end of the Boreal an at the beginning of the Atlantic period. PREFACE In spite of continuously made intensive topographic surveys in the country the Hungarian Mesolithic could be defined with great difficulties. The emergence of hypotheses often contradictory to each other, the pros and cons on the question of cultural continuity and general uncertainty itself in this matter are due first of all to the fact that this period is represented mostly by less charac­ teristic find assemblages originated usually from surface collection therefore lacking stratigraphie data. The dating of these finds is different also because at certain sites prehistoric pottery was found together with the chipped stone implements.
    [Show full text]
  • Geology of Hungary
    Regional Geology Reviews Geology of Hungary Alter und Altern: Wirklichkeiten und Deutungen Bearbeitet von Janós Haas 1. Auflage 2012. Buch. xxii, 246 S. Hardcover ISBN 978 3 642 21909 2 Format (B x L): 17,8 x 25,4 cm Weitere Fachgebiete > Geologie, Geographie, Klima, Umwelt > Geologie > Geologie: Allgemeines Zu Leseprobe schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, eBooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte. Contents Introduction ......................................... ix Ja´nos Haas History of Geologic Research ............................ xi Ja´nos Haas Geography and Outline of Geologic Framework .............. xvii Ja´nos Haas Structural Units and Main Stages of the Structural Evolution . xxi Ja´nos Haas 1 Geology and History of Evolution of the ALCAPA Mega-Unit 1 1.1 Austroalpine Units . ........................... 1 Tibor Szederke´nyi 1.1.1 Lower Austroalpine Nappe System ............. 1 1.1.2 Upper Austroalpine Nappe System . 6 1.1.3 Penninic Unit . 6 1.2 Central and Internal Western Carpathian Units . 9 Sa´ndor Kova´cs and Ja´nos Haas 1.2.1 Veporic Unit . ........................... 9 1.2.2 Zemple´nic Unit . 10 1.2.3 Internal Western Carpathian Nappe-Stack ........ 11 1.2.3.1 Bo´dvaNappe...................... 12 1.2.3.2 Torna Nappe ...................... 14 1.2.3.3 Telekesoldal Nappe ................. 15 1.2.3.4 Szo˝lo˝sardo´ Unit . ................. 16 1.2.3.5 Silica–Aggtelek Nappe .
    [Show full text]
  • Adatok a Baranyai-Dombság Flórájához -..:::: Kitaibelia
    17 KITAIBELIA XIII. évf. 1. szám pp.: 17-28. Debrecen 2008 Adatok a Baranyai-dombság flórájához PURGER Dragica Pécsi Tudományegyetem, TTK, Biológiai Intézet, Állatökológia Tanszék, H-7624 Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6. [email protected] Bevezetés A Mecseken és környékén végzett botanikai kutatások több mint kétszáz éves történetét HORVÁT Adolf Olivér munkái foglalják össze (HORVÁT 1942, 1958, 1975, 1976, 1977). Az elmúlt évtizedekben végzett florisztikai felmérések eredményei számos adattal gazdagították ismereteinket a Baranyai-dombság növényvilágáról (KEVEY 1986, 1988, 1995, 2001, KEVEY & HORVÁT 2000, DÉNES 1997, TÓTH 1998, 1999, 2000). Az utóbbi öt évben országszerte intenzív terepbotanikai kutatások folytak, és a legújabb eredmények (K EVEY 2004, PÁL 2002 a, b, 2003, PURGER 2002 a, 2002 b, CSIKY et al. 2005) arról tanúskodnak, hogy a vizsgált terület még sok feltáratlan botanikai értéket rejt. A vizsgált terület és módszerek A Baranyai-dombság a Mecsekt ől délre-délkeletre terül el. Négy részre tagolódik. Délen a Pécsi-síkság, attól északkeletre, pedig a Geresdi-dombság helyezkedik el. Legnagyobb részét a Dél-Baranyai dombság kistáj teszi ki. A Baranyai-dombság negyedik részét, mint egy sziget a Villányi hegység képezi (MAROSI & SOMOGYI 1990). Ez utóbbi tájegységet azonban e munkában mell őzzük, tekintettel arra, hogy a növényföldrajzi dolgozatokban a Villányi-hegységet általában külön (pl. MOLNÁR 1999), vagy a Mecsekkel együtt tárgyalják (pl. BORHIDI 2006). A félreértések elkerülése végett itt jegyzem meg, hogy az el őző cikkemben (PURGER 2002 a) a „Baranyai-dombság” név alatt a Dél-Baranyai dombságot értettem. Mindazonáltal, az egész térséget, és ezt a területet is, a geográfusok és a botanikusok több néven tárgyalyák: pl.: Mecsekalja (HORVÁT 1942), Tolna-Baranyai dombvidék (BORHIDI 2006, PÁL 2003).
    [Show full text]
  • 8 Book Review.Indd
    88 Chronicle – Hungarian Geographical Bulletin 66 (2017) (1) 88–89. CHRONICLE György Lovász (1931–2016) A prominent representative of Hungarian physical channel erosional geography, one of the last of his generation, passed processes, trig- away on 3 October 2016. Professor György Lovász gered by river was born on 23 May 1931 in Budapest. He studied regulation works. geography and history at the Budapest University, He also pointed where he gathered rich experience in fieldwork out the impact of under the guidance of Professor Sándor Láng. recent tectonics While he worked as a teacher in a vocational school on riverbed inci- of Nagykanizsa and in a primary school of Gyál, sion and subsid- Professor Béla Bulla encouraged him to start with ence of the afore- scientific research. mentioned three In 1956 his first academic paper appeared in print rivers (published on the origin of the ’meridional valleys’ of the Zala in the Journal of Hills, an issue which is still a subject of heated de- Hydrology and bates among Hungarian geomorphologists. He him- Hydromechanics self also returned to this topic and summarised his in 2007). opinion in a paper published in 1970. The thesis written for obtaining the university Working in the Transdanubian Institute of the doctorate in 1959 was concerned with the evolution Hungarian Academy of Sciences in Pécs, his favourite of the Lenti Basin. He also studied the evolution of topics encompassed the geomorphological issues of the Drava floodplain and concluded that the basin, the Mecsek Mountains, such as the planated surfaces, originally thought to be uniform was dissected into the evolution of the Pécs Basin and the karst and loess subbasins during the Holocene.
    [Show full text]
  • Pécs Várad, a Keleti-Mecsek Kapuja PÉCSVÁRADI
    Hírmondó PÉCSVÁRADI Az önkormányzat lapja* 1993. május •III; évfolyam 5. szám*Ára; 20,-Ft Természeti környezetünk Pécs várad, a Keleti-Mecsek kapuja Szeretettel é s tisztelettel köszöntünk minden Édesanyát é s Nagym am át! Látkép a Zengő oldalról. Fotó: Qörbics János í. ■* A község a Mecsek hegység egység, tiszta patakokkal, forrá­ csak itt, vag5fc=nagyobb számban déli peremén, a Zengő (682 ni) sokkal. Éghajlata szintén össze­ csak itt található, mint hazánk védelmében húzódik meg. tett. A tavaszi - őszi csapa­ egyik legszebb vadon termő vi­ A Mecsek szigetszerűen emel­ dékcsúcs szubmediterrán, a júni­ rágos növénye, a szubmediter­ kedik ki környezetéből. Hajdan usi, általában jégesővel kísért rán flóraelem, a bánáti bazsaró­ két tömbje ténylegesen is sziget záporok kontinentális hatást zsa: peónia banatica. Az Önkormányzat volt - a Keleti Mecsekben a mutatnak. Jelentősen befolyá­ Állatvilága is gazdag, sok vé­ Zengő-Dobogó 450 tszfm feletti solja a klímát a domborzat - a dett fajjal (törpesas, békászó és része. A hegység a mélyre Zengő déli oldalán 600 mm az sas, fekete gólya... ). A vadász­ a Szerkesztőség süllyedt variszkuszi hegység- évi csapadék, az északi lejtón ható fajok bősége eredményes rendszer felszínen maradt 100 mm-rel több. vadgazdálkodást tesz lehetővé. dombja, melyre többszörösen Besugárzásnál 60 % -kai na­ A védett déli oldal kedvező tengeri üledék rakódott. gyobb a déli lejtő többlete. (A körülményeket biztosított az Szerkezetét, felszínét gyűrő­ Zengő déli lépcsőjének és Afri­ emberi életnek is. A közelben dések, vetődések, és - főleg a ka E-i peremének klímája közel kőkori települést tártak fel Keleti Mecsekben - a vulkáni megegyezik.) (Dombay, 1960), kőszerszámo­ tevékenység is erősen befolyá­ Szeged után az országban itt kat ma is fordít ki eke.
    [Show full text]
  • The Karpatian (Late Early Miocene) Flora of the Mecsek Area
    Acta Palaeobotanica 60(1), 51–122, 2020 e-ISSN 2082-0259 https://doi.org/10.35535/acpa-2020-0003 ISSN 0001-6594 The Karpatian (late early Miocene) flora of the Mecsek area LILLA HABLY Botanical Department, Hungarian Natural History Museum, H-1431 Budapest, P.O. box 137, Hungary; e-mail: [email protected] Received 9 September 2019; accepted for publication 28 January 2020 In remembrance of the beautiful summers spent collecting with my family in the Mecsek Mountains ABSTRACT. A rich macroflora has been collected from Karpatian (late early Miocene) layers of the Mecsek Mts during recent decades. The bulk of the fossil assemblage consists of leaves and also fruits of angiosperms. Among the more than a hundred taxa, several endemic species were described: Leguminocarpum mecsekense Andreánszky, Ailanthus mecsekensis Hably, Nyssa gyoergyi sp. nov., Nyssa gergoei sp. nov., Nyssa sp. 1, Clematis csabae sp. nov., Gordonia sp. and Carpolithes gergoei Hably et Erdei sp. nov. Many taxa were last recorded in the Carpathian Basin, e.g. Cedrelospermum, Ziziphus. Other taxa appeared in this flora, e.g. Quercus kubinyii, Podocarpium podocarpum, Liquidambar europaea and Populus populina, and later became dominant in the middle Miocene (Sarmatian) floras or even in the late Miocene (Pannonian) floras. Four main vegetation types were determined. The most significant types are subxerophytic vegetation showing high diversity, swamp veg- etation, riparian vegetation, and a vegetation type growing in habitats with higher rainfall. Thermophilous flora elements are dominant in the assemblage, although “arctotertiary” species also appear. The floristic character of the flora supports the results of an earlier quantitative climate analysis of the Magyaregregy flora, accord- ing to which mean annual temperature was 15.6–16.6°C and coldest-month and warmest-month temperatures were 5–6.2°C and 24.7–27.9°C, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • A Millennium of Migrations: Proto-Historic Mobile Pastoralism in Hungary
    Bull. Fla. Mus. Nat. Hist. (2003) 44(1) 101-130 101 A MILLENNIUM OF MIGRATIONS: PROTO-HISTORIC MOBILE PASTORALISM IN HUNGARY Ldsz16 Bartosiewiczl During the A.D. 1st millennium, numerous waves of mobile pastoral communities of Eurasian origins reached the area of modern- day Hungary in the Carpathian Basin. This paper reviews animal exploitation as reconstructed from animal remains found at the settlements of Sarmatian, Avar/Slavic, and Early ("Conquering") Hungarian populations. According to the historical record, most of these communities turned to sedentism. Archaeological assemblages also manifest evidence of animal keeping, such as sheep and/or goat herding, as well as pig, cattle, and horse. Such functional similarities, however, should not be mistaken for de facto cultural continuity among the zooarchaeological data discussed here within the contexts of environment and cultural history. Following a critical assessment of assemblages available for study, analysis of species frequencies shed light on ancient li feways of pastoral communities intransition. Spatial limitations (both geographical and political), as well as a climate, more temperate than in the Eurasian Steppe Belt, altered animal-keeping practices and encouraged sedentism. Key words: Central European Migration, environmental determinism, nomadism, pastoral animal keeping Zoarchaeological data central to this paper originate from Data used in this study represent the lowest common settlements spanning much of the A.D. 1st millennium denominator of the three different
    [Show full text]
  • BARANYA Megye Autóbusz-Hálózata
    Jelmagyarázat / Legend 5707 Lengyel Országos autóbuszjáratok útvonala Mekényes BARANYA megye autóbusz-hálózata 5707 Route of long-distance bus services Dombóvár 5707 Nagyhajmás Regionális autóbuszjáratok útvonala Bus network of Baranya county 5707 Route of regional bus services 5611 Pécs 5707 Komló 2021. április 11-től Dombóvár 1652 5924 Mohács térségi központtal Dombóvár 5611 5707 Siklós és Harkány with regional hub Pápa Szárász 1564 Sásd 5706 Mágocs 1652 Vajszló és Sellye Veszprém 1740 5623 5708 5611 5611 Szigetvár Siófok 5608 5623 5707 Magyaregregy 5702 5706 1134 Budapest Egyéb (szomszédos megyék gócpontjairól induló) vonalak Dombóvár Dombóvár 5708 5707 Egyházaskozár 1566 Kecskemét Other services (of the neighbouring counties) 5516 5702 Budapest 50 Bikal 5924 1568 Kiskőrös A vastagabb vonallal jelölt szakaszon az autóbuszok sűrűbben, 1652 1707 Győr a vékonyabb vonallal jelölt jelölt szakaszon ritkábban közlekednek az autóbuszok 5708 5611 1843 Tatabánya Thicker line represents more frequent services, Vásárosdombó Hegyhátmaróc Tófű 1136 Budapest Alsómocsolád 5623 5625 Bonyhád Thinner line represents less frequent services Jágónak Gerényes 1652 Szeged 5706 5626 Siófok 5605 5740 Vásárosdombó 5710 5707 5434 5624 Szekszárd 5887 Autóbuszvonal száma Keszthely 1576 5702 Mágocs- 5630 Szekszárd Kiskeresztúr 5702 Köblény 5924 5485 5710 Bonyhád Bus line number Kaposvár 5606 5930 5931 5932 40 Alsómocsolád Szalatnak 5631 Nagydorog Gödre 5924 Mohács Autóbuszvonal száma a járat végállomásánál 1578 Meződ 1652 Ág Szászvár 5634 Paks 5887 Kárász- 5856
    [Show full text]
  • Buried Neogene Volcanic Structures in Hungary
    Acta Geologica Hungarica, Vol. 47/23, pp. 177219 (2004) Buried Neogene volcanic structures in Hungary Tibor Zelenka Endre Balázs Hungarian Geological Survey, Budapest MOL, Hungarian Oil Company, Budapest Kadosa Balogh János Kiss Institute of Nuclear Research, Eötvös Loránd Geophysical Institute, Budapest Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen Miklós Kozák László Nemesi University of Debrecen, Debrecen ELGOSCAR Ltd, Budapest Zoltán Pécskay Zoltán Püspöki Institute of Nuclear Research, University of Debrecen, Debrecen Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen Csaba Ravasz Vilma Széky-Fux Geological Institute of Hungary, Budapest University of Debrecen, Debrecen Antal Újfalussy MOL, Hungarian Oil Company, Budapest Surface Neogene volcanics in Hungary are abundantly documented in the literature, but buried volcanic structures are little known. Early burial of the volcanic centers beneath latest Miocene to Pliocene sediments preserved much of their original relief, permitting their classification into genetic types. More than two-thirds of Hungary is covered by thick Neogene and Quaternary sediments, below which buried volcanic eruptive centers and the extent of their products may only be recognized by complex geologic-geophysical methods. Our study is based on the data of several thousand wells, more than 60,000 km of seismic sections, as well as airborne and surface geophysical (gravimetric, magnetic, electromagnetic, radiometric) data. Results of chemical, mineralogical studies and K/Ar dating of deep cores were also included. The data were evaluated in terms of the regional deep structure of the Carpathian-Balkan region, the Miocene evolution of which was determined by the position, movement and welding of individual microplates. Integration of all available data reveals that the Miocene volcanic centers are concentrated near microplate boundaries.
    [Show full text]