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THE AQUATIC NEUROPTERIDA of IOWA (DEB) National Park Service, Heartland Inventory & Monitoring Network, 6424 West Farm Road

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THE AQUATIC NEUROPTERIDA of IOWA (DEB) National Park Service, Heartland Inventory & Monitoring Network, 6424 West Farm Road PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 122(3), 2020, pp. 556–565 THE AQUATIC NEUROPTERIDA OF IOWA DAVID E. BOWLES AND GREGORY W. COURTNEY (DEB) National Park Service, Heartland Inventory & Monitoring Network, 6424 West Farm Road 182, Republic, Missouri 65738 (e-mail: [email protected]); (GWC) Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, 401 Science II, Ames, Iowa 50011 (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract.—The fauna of aquatic Neuropterida of Iowa is documented. We list one species of dobsonfly, three species of fishflies, four alderflies (Megaloptera), and two spongillaflies (Neuroptera). New Iowa distributional records are reported for Pro- tosialis americana (Rambur), Sialis joppa Ross, Sialis mohri Ross, Nigronia serri- cornis (Say), Climacia areolaris (Hagen), and Sisyra vicaria (Walker). Key Words: Sialis, Chauliodes, Corydalus, Nigronia, Climacia, Sisyra DOI: 10.4289/0013-8797.122.3.556 Neuropterida is a monophyletic group vannas in most of the state with forested within Holometabola that includes flood plains along streams (Smith 1998). Raphidioptera (snakeflies, all terres- Most streams in this area are character- trial), Megaloptera (dobsonflies, fish- ized as warm water and they are typi- flies, and alderflies, all with aquatic cally turbid. In contrast, the driftless area larvae), and Neuroptera (lacewings, a (Paleozoic Plateau) of northeastern Iowa few families with aquatic immature has a steep, hilly topography with greater stages). The diversity and distribution of forest coverage, and it includes some aquatic Neuropterida (Megaloptera, coldwater streams and springs (Fig. 1). Neuroptera) in Iowa is poorly docu- Much of the Iowa landscape has been mented. Species-level records for these altered due to extensive agricultural insects are useful to researchers doing practices and urbanization (Smith 1998). stream assessments or ecological studies Only about 1% of the historic tallgrass because it increases the level of under- prairie in Iowa remains. standing of aquatic resource condition Several previous studies have pro- and allows for a more precise estimate of vided some insight on the diversity of impairment (Guerold 2000, Feio et al. aquatic Neuropterida in Iowa. For exam- 2006). It also is important to document ple, Jaques (1935) listed Sialis infumata the range of this fauna in the state Newman, Chauliodes rastricornis Rambur, because many of Iowa’s streams are be- and Corydalus cornutus L. as occurring coming increasingly impaired and spe- in Iowa, but he did not provide any spe- cies presence could be lost before they cific locality data. Tarter et al. (1976) are documented (USEPA 2016). reported Chauliodes pectinicornis L. The primary and historic ecosystems and Chauliodes rastricornis from Iowa of Iowa were temperate prairies and sa- apparently not being aware of Jaques Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Proceedings-of-the-Entomological-Society-of-Washington on 28 Jul 2020 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Access provided by Entomological Society of Washington VOLUME 122, NUMBER 3 557 Fig. 1. Maps of Iowa showing primary ecological regions and counties. Base map of landforms by Bill Whittaker at English Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?cu- rid56520775 (1935) report of the latter species. where deposited in the “Iowa State Meierhoff and Prill (1982) and Con- College Collection” (ISIC). It therefore treras-Ramos (1998) also reported C. is quite possible those collection locali- cornutus from Iowa. A few other eco- ties are captured in this study, but we logical studies have documented mega- cannot be certain. Data included in lopteran occurrences from Iowa, but brackets were deduced from other specific identifications were not pro- available label data. Dissection followed vided (Moen 1953, 1955; Meierhoff and standard procedures (i.e., Contreras- Prill 1982; Hubert et al. 1984; Kennedy Ramos 1998). Specimens are preserved and Miller 1990). No previous reports of in ;75% ethyl alcohol or pinned. Adult Sisyridae, the only aquatic Neuroptera terminalia were cleared in ;10% so- family in the Nearctic Region, have dium hydroxide (NaOH) solution for 8– been published for Iowa (Bowles 2006). 10 h. Cleared terminalia were rinsed This paper describes the distribution with alcohol and placed in microvials of aquatic Neuropterida in Iowa, and containing glycerine. We also include includes several species not previously photographs of live specimens to illus- reported from the state. We also char- trate color patterns. acterize the larval habitats where known. Additionally, some records for Iowa specimens were taken from BugGuide. METHODS AND MATERIALS net and iNaturalist.org using photo- We examined preserved specimens graphs published on those websites. We (pinned and alcohol) in the Iowa State did not examine specimens listed on Insect Collection (ISIC). Jaques (1935) BugGuide or iNaturalist and only pho- noted that examples of those species tographs that unambiguously depicted Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Proceedings-of-the-Entomological-Society-of-Washington on 28 Jul 2020 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Access provided by Entomological Society of Washington 558 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON the species are reported here. Therefore, Lee County. The number of specimens these records are included for supplemental examined by those organizations is not purposes. Using photographs from a public known. This species likely occurs else- media source are not a substitution for ex- where in the state. Larvae of this species amination of physical specimens, but they occur in lentic habitats, including ponds, areanimportantandvalidmeanstolearn marshes, and swamps (Cuyler 1958, more about the distribution and phenology Tarter et al. 1976, Bowles and Sites of species. Internet archival services, such as 2015). The flight period in Iowa is dur- the WayBack Machine (archive.org/web/), ing August and September. maintain copies of BugGuide and iN- aturalist taken at multiple instances in time, Chauliodes rastricornis Rambur which allow future review of records re- ported here. We obtained additional distri- Tarter et al. (1976) reported this spe- butional records from The University of cies from Story County (Figs. 2, 12). We Iowa, State Hygienic Laboratory, Coralville, report an additional record from Linn Iowa (http://www.shl.uiowa.edu/contact/), County. BugGuide photos show this spe- and Iowa Department of Natural Re- cies from Story and Winneshiek counties sources, BioNet, Des Moines, Iowa (https:// (BugGuide.net Photos #1622133, 1622134, programs.iowadnr.gov/bionet/). The distri- 1622135, 883513), and iNaturalist shows a butional records from those two organiza- record from Black Hawk County (photo tions are recorded only as present because #25765961). Both the University of Iowa actual numbers of specimens recorded are State Hygienic Laboratory and the Iowa unknown. Department of Natural Resources list larval records of this species from Appanoose, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Cerro Gordo, Fayette, Howard, Linn, Mitchell, and Muscatine counties. The We report two families, five genera University of Iowa State Hygienic Labo- and eight species of Megaloptera, and ratory reports additional records from one family, two genera and two species Chickasaw, Marion, Muscatine, Scott and of Neuroptera. Keys that include the Winnebago counties, while the Department species reported in this paper can be of Natural Resources reports it from Benton, found in Engel (2004), Bowles (2006), Bremer, Buchanan, Butler, Clinton, Davis, and Bowles and Sites (2015). Floyd, Jackson, Louisa, Mahaska, Van Order Megaloptera Buren, Washington, and Wayne counties. Family Corydalidae The number of specimens included in those Subfamily Chauliodinae records is not known. Larvae of this species Chauliodes pectinicornis L. have been found in lotic and lentic habitats Tarter et al. (1976) reported this spe- including ponds, swamps, marshes, and cies from Winnebago County. We add an small springs and seeps (Tarter et al. 1976, additional record from Story County Bowles and Sites 2015). The flight period in based on a single specimen (Figs. 2, 11). Iowa is during May and July. The University of Iowa State Hygienic Laboratory and Iowa Department of Nigronia serricornis (Say) Natural Resources list this species as occurring in Henry and Louisa counties We did not examine any specimens of based on larval specimens, and the latter this distinctive species from Iowa. The agency reports an additional record for University of Iowa State Hygienic Lab- Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Proceedings-of-the-Entomological-Society-of-Washington on 28 Jul 2020 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Access provided by Entomological Society of Washington VOLUME 122, NUMBER 3 559 Figs. 2–6. Distribution maps. 2, d Chauliodes pectinicornis (L.), j Chauliodes rastricornis Rambur. 3, Nigronia serricornis (Say). 4, Corydalus cornutus (L.). 5, j Protosialis americana (Rambur), d Sialis in- fumata Newman, m Sialis joppa Ross, ★ Sialis mohri Ross, 5 Sialis spp.. 6, d Climacia areolaris (Hagen), j Sisyra vicaria (Walker). Refer to individual species accounts in the text for sources of data. oratory and the Iowa Department of This species generally inhabits small to Natural Resources both report this spe- mid-sized, clear-flowing streams, and cies (as larvae) from Clayton and Fayette springs. Thus, its distribution in Iowa counties in northeastern Iowa (Figs. 3, 13). may
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