MISSOURI DEPARTMENT of NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION of ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM Standard Operating Procedures

MISSOURI DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM Standard Operating Procedures

SOP #: MDNR-FSS-209 EFFECTIVE DATE: 9/1/98

SOP TITLE: Taxonomic Levels for Macroinvertebrate Identifications

WRITTEN BY: Randy Sarver, Environmental Specialist IV, Field Services Section, ESP

APPROVED BY: James H. Long, Director, ESP

SUMMARY OF REVISIONS: Changes to the format, and new taxa and associated information added.

APPLICABILITY: Applies to Field Services Section personnel who perform

community level surveys of aquatic macroinvertebrates in wadeable

streams of Missouri

DISTRIBUTION: Program Director, ESP;

Supervisor, FSS, ESP;

ESP Library

RECERTIFICATION RECORD: Date Reviewed

Initials MDNR-FSS-209 Page2of30

1.0 General Overview 1.1. The level of taxonomic identification for aquatic macroinvertebrates in this Standard Operating Procedure was established by researching current taxonomic literature. It is designed to enable an experienced aquatic biologist to identify organisms from aquatic surveys to a consistent and reliable level. The criteria used to set the level of taxonomy beyond the genus level are the systematic treatment of the genus by a professional taxonomist and the availability of a published key.

1.2. The consistency in macroinvertebrate identification allowed by this document is important regardless of whether one person is conducting an aquatic survey over a period of time or multiple investigators wish to compare results. It is especially important to provide guidance on the level of taxonomic identification when calculating metrics that depend upon the number of taxa.

1.3.Taxonomy is a changing and imperfect science and, therefore, this document will be revised on the same triennial basis as the Missouri Water Quality Standards.

1.4.Appendix A of this document contains a list of aquatic taxa by name as well as entries for taxa codes, reference documents, biotic indices, and functional feeding groups.

1.5.Appendix B of this document contains a bibliography useful in identifying aquatic organisms.

2.0 Taxa Code 2.1. The taxa codes that are used in Appendix A have been assigned from the Benthos Coding List developed by the Missouri Department of Conservation.

3.0 Reference 3.1. References can be found in Appendix B, the Taxonomic Bibliography. The number of the reference in the bibliography corresponds to the value found in the reference columns on the pages in Appendix A.

4.0 Biotic Index Value 4.1. Biotic Index Values, noted in Appendix A, are under development for Missouri. Temporary values, ranging from 0 to 10, have been assigned using:

Lenat, D. R. 1993. A Biotic Index for the Southeastern United States: derivation and list of tolerance values with criteria for assigning water quality ratings. J. N. Amer. Benthol. Soc. 12(3): 279-290.

Huggins, D. G. & M. F. Moffett. 1988. Proposed Biotic and Habitat Indices for use in Kansas Streams. Report No. 35 of the Kansas Biological Survey, Lawrence, Kansas. 128 pp.

Bode, R. W., M. A. Novak & L. E. Abele. 1991. Quality Assurance Work Plan for Biological Stream Monitoring in New York State. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, New York. 79 pp. MDNR-FSS-209 Page3of30

No letter following value = Lenat; (K) following value = Huggins and Moffett and; (B) following value = Bode et al.

5.0 Functional Feeding Group 5.1. Functional feeding groups, noted in Appendix A, for aquatic invertebrates were determined using Merritt & Cummins 1996. Functional group designations and their abbreviations are: Shredders = Sh; Collector/gatherers = Co; Collector/filterers = Fi; Scrapers = Sc; Macrophyte Piercers = Mp; Predators = Pr; Herbivores = He; Parasites = Pa; and Unknown = Unk. MDNR-FSS-209 Taxa Reference Biotic Functional Page 4 of 30 Code Index Feeding Value Group APPENDIX A

Arthropoda

Arachnoidea Acari 9025 4 5.7 Pa,Pr

Crustacea

Isopoda

Asellidae Lirceus 0380 15,19 7.7 Co Caecidotea(epigean) 0400 15,19 8(B) Co Caecidotea(hypogean) 0400 15,19 8(B) Co

Amphipoda

Hyalellidae Hyalella azteca (Saussure) 0511 15 7.9 Co Gammaridae Gammarus 0520 15,17 6.9 Co Allocrangonyx 0540 15,17 Co Crangonyctidae Crangonyx 0550 15,17 8 Co Synurella 0560 15,17 Co Stygonectes 0579 15,17 Co Stygobromus 0580 15,17 Co Bacturus 0590 15,17 Co

Mysidacea

Palaemonidae Palaemonetes kadiakensis Rathbun 0651 3 Co Macrobrachium ohione (Smith) 0671 3 Co

Decapoda

Cambaridae Cambarellus pueur Hobbs 0711 16,18 Co Cambarellus shufeldtii (Faxon) 0712 16,18 Co MDNR-FSS-209 Taxa Reference Biotic Functional Page 5 of 30 Code Index Feeding Value Group Cambarus diogenes diogenes Girard 0721 16,18 Co Cambarus hubbsi Creaser 0722 16,18 Co Cambarus hubrichti Hobbs 0723 16,18 Co Cambarus maculatus Hobbs & Pflieger 0724 16,18 Co Cambarus setosus Faxon 0725 16,18 Co Fallicambarus fodiens (Cottle) 0731 16,18 Co Faxonella clypeata (Hay) 0741 16,18 Co Orconectes 0750 16,18 2.7 Co Orconectes eupunctus Williams 0751 16,18 Co Orconectes harrisonii (Faxon) 0752 16,18 Co Orconectes hylas (Faxon) 0753 16,18 Co Orconectes immunis (Hagen) 0754 16,18 Co Orconectes lancifer (Hagen) 0755 16,18 Co Orconectes longidigitus (Faxon) 0756 16,18 Co Orconectes luteus (Creaser) 0757 16,18 Co Orconectes macrus Williams 0758 16,18 Co Orconectes marchandi Hobbs 0759 16,18 Co Orconectes medius (Faxon) 0760 16,18 Co Orconectes meeki (Faxon) 0761 16,18 Co Orconectes naias (Faxon) 0762 16,18 Co Orconectes neglectus chaenodactylus Williams 0763 16,18 Co Orconectes neglectus neglectus (Faxon) 0764 16,18 Co Orconectes ozarkae Williams 0765 16,18 Co Orconectes palmeri palmeri (Faxon) 0766 16,18 Co Orconectes peruncus (Creaser) 0767 16,18 Co Orconectes punctimanus (Creaser) 0769 16,18 Co Orconectes quadruncus (Creaser) 0771 16,18 Co Orconectes rusticus (Girard) 0772 16,18 Co Orconectes virilis (Hagen) 0773 16,18 Co Orconectes williamsi Fitzpatrick 0774 16,18 Co Procambarus acutus acutus (Girard) 0781 16,18 Co Procambarus clarkii (Girard) 0782 16,18 Co Procambarus gracilis (Bundy) 0783 16,18 Co Procambarus liberorum Fitzpatrick 0784 16,18 Co Procambarus viaeviridus (Faxon) 0785 16,18 Co

Insecta

Ephemeroptera Amelitidae Ameletus lineatus Traver 1011 40 2.1 Sc,Co Ameletus ludens Needham 1012 40 0(B) Sc,Co Siphlonuridae Siphlonurus 1020 41 2.6 Co,Sc,Pr Baetidae 1028 41 5(K) Co MDNR-FSS-209 Taxa Reference Biotic Functional Page 6 of 30 Code Index Feeding Value Group Acentrella 1030 41,48,53 4(B) Co Acerpenna 1040 41,48,52 3.7 Co Apobaetis 1046 41,48 6(K) Baetis 1050 41,48 6(B) Co Barbaetis 1048 41,48,52 Co Callibaetis 1070 41,48 9.3 Co Camelobaetis 1067 41,48,52 Unk Centroptilum 1080 41,48 6.3 Co Cloeon 1085 41,48 7.4 Co Diphetor 1090 41,48,52 Unk Fallceon 1094 41,48,52 6(K) Unk Heterocloeon 1100 41,48,52 2(B) Sc Labiobaetis 1097 41,48,52 6(K) Unk Paracloeodes 1108 41,48,52 5(K) Sc Procloeon 1115 41,48,52 6.3 Co Pseudocentroptiloides 1112 41,48,52 Co Isonychidae Isonychia 1120 41,42 3.8 Fi Isonychia bicolor (Walker) 1123 44 2(B) Fi Isonychia sayi Burks 1124 44 Fi Isonychia sicca Burks 1125 44 3.7(K)Fi Isonychia rufa McDunnough 1128 44 3.7(K)Fi Heptageniidae 1138 41 5(K) Pr Anepeorus 1280 41 Pr Epeorus 1140 41 1.2 Co Heptagenia 1150 41 2.8 Sc,Co Nixe 1158 41 2(B) Sc,Co Leucrocuta 1180 41 0 Sc,Co Macdunnoa 1190 41 4.6(K)Sc,Co Rhithrogena 1220 41 0.4 Co Stenacron 1240 41 7.1 Co Stenonema 1260 41 3.4(Avg) Sc,Co Stenonema bednariki McCafferty 1261 47 Sc,Co Stenonema exiguum Traver 1262 39 5(B) Sc,Co Stenonema femoratum (Say) 1263 39 7.5 Sc,Co Stenonema integrum (McDunnough) 1264 39 5.5 Sc,Co Stenonema luteum (Clemens) 1271 39 Sc,Co Stenonema mediopunctatum (McDunnough) 1267 39 1.7 Sc,Co Stenonema modestum (Banks) 1266 39 5.8 Sc,Co Stenonema pulchellum (Walsh) 1268 39 3(B) Sc,Co Stenonema terminatum (Walsh) 1269 39 4.5 Sc,Co Stenonema vicarium (Walker) 1270 39 1 Sc,Co Ephemerellidae Attenella attenuata (McDunnough) 1291 34 1(B) Co Timpanoga 1300 41 2(B) Co Timpanoga lita (Burks) 1301 41,46 0 Co Timpanoga provonshali McCafferty 1303 41,46 Co MDNR-FSS-209 Taxa Reference Biotic Functional Page 7 of 30 Code Index Feeding Value Group Timpanoga simplex (McDunnough) 1302 41,46 3.9 Co Ephemerella 1320 41 1.7(Avg) Co,Sc Ephemeralla argo Burks 1321 38 Co,Sc Ephemerella aurivillii Bengtsson 1322 38 0(B) Co,Sc Ephemerella catawba Traver 1327 38 4 Co,Sc Ephemerella dorothea Needham 1323 38 1(B) Co,Sc Ephemerella excrucians Walsh 1326 38 1(B) Co,Sc Ephemerella invaria (Walker) 1324 38 2.2 Co,Sc Ephemerella needhami McDunnough 1328 38 0 Co,Sc Ephemerella subvaria McDunnough 1329 38 1(B) Co,Sc Eurylophella 1340 41 3(Avg) Co Eurylophella aestiva (MCDunnough) 1341 37 Co Eurylophella bicolor (Clemens) 1342 37 5.1 Co Eurylophella enoensis 1350 37 Co Eurylophella funeralis (McDunnough) 1345 37 2.3 Sh Eurylophella versimilis (McDunnough) 1349 37 0.3 Co Serratella 1360 41 1.9(Avg) Co Serratella deficiens (Morgan) 1361 36 2.7 Co Serratella frisoni (McDunnough) 1362 36 Co Serratella serratoides (McDunnough) 1366 36 1.5 Co Serratella sordida (McDunnough) 1367 36 2(B) Co Tricorythidae Tricorythodes 1390 41 5.4 Co Neoephemeridae Neoephemera 1410 41 Co Caenidae Amercaenis 1450 41,51 Fi Brachycercus 1430 41 3.5 Co Caenis 1440 41 7.6 Co,Sc Caenis anceps Traver 1441 50 Co,Sc Caenis amica Hagen 1442 50 8(K) Co,Sc Caenis hilaris (Say) 1443 50 4.6(K) Co,Sc Caenis macafferti Provonsha 1446 50 Co,Sc Caenis latipennis Banks 1444 50 7.3 Co,Sc Caenis punctata McDunnough 1445 50 3.7(K) Co,Sc Caenis tardata McDunnough 1447 50 Co,Sc Baetiscidae Baetisca lacustris McDunnough 1471 49 4(B) Co,Sc Baetisca obesa (Say) 1472 49 4(B) Co,Sc Leptophlebiidae Choroterpes 1500 41 2(B) Co,Sc Neochorterpes 1545 41,43 Co,Sc Habrophlebiodes 1520 41 6(B) Sc,Co Leptophlebia 1530 41 6.4 Co Paraleptophlebia 1550 41 1.2 Co,Sh Traverella 1570 41 Co Potamanthidae MDNR-FSS-209 Taxa Reference Biotic Functional Page 8 of 30 Code Index Feeding Value Group Anthopotamus 1600 41 1.6 Fi Ephemeridae Ephemera 1630 41 2.2 Co,Pr Ephemera guttulata Pictet 1631 45 2(B) Co,Pr Ephemera simulans Walker 1632 45 3.7(K) Co,Pr Ephemera traverae Spieth 1634 45 Co,Pr Ephemera varia Eaton 1633 45 Co,Pr Hexagenia 1650 41 4.7 Co Hexagenia atrocaudata McDunnough 1651 45 3.7(K) Co Hexagenia bilineata (Say) 1652 45 6.4(K) Co Hexagenia limbata Serville 1653 45 4.6(K) Co Hexagenia rigida McDunnough 1655 45 5.5(K) Co Palingeniidae Pentagenia vittigera (Walsh) 1701 40,45 6.4(K) Co Polymitarcyidae Ephoron 1740 41 4.6(K) Co Ephoron album (Say) 1741 40,45 4.6(K) Co Ephoron leukon Williamson 1742 40,45 1.5 Co Tortopus primus (McDunnough) 1771 45 5.5(K) Unk Pseudironidae Pseudiron centralis McDunnough 1211 41 Pr

Odonata Calopterygidae Calopteryx 2010 66 8.3 Pr Hetaerina 2020 66 6.2 Pr Lestidae Archilestes 2060 66 6.4(K)Pr Lestes 2080 66 5.5(K)Pr Coenagrionidae Amphiagrion 2110 66 2.8(K)Pr Argia 2120 66 8.7 Pr Chromagrion 2150 66 Pr Enallagma 2160 66 9 Pr Ischnura 2190 66 9.4 Pr Nehalennia 2210 66 Pr Telebasis 2250 66 Pr Petaluridae Tachopteryx thoreyi (Hagen) 2311 64 3.7(K)Pr Aeshnidae Aeshna 2330 66 6.4(K)Pr Anax 2340 66 6.4(K)Pr Basiaeschna janata (Say) 2351 64 7.7 Pr Boyeria 2353 66 6.3 Pr Epiaeschna heros (Fabricius) 2357 64 3.7(K)Pr Nasiaeschna pentacantha (Rambur) 2361 64 8 Pr Gomphidae 2408 66 7(K)Pr MDNR-FSS-209 Taxa Reference Biotic Functional Page 9 of 30 Code Index Feeding Value Group

Arigomphus 2410 66 6.4(K)Pr Dromogomphus 2430 66 6.3 Pr Erpetogomphus 2440 66 5.5(K)Pr Gomphus 2460 66 6.2 Pr Hagenius brevistylus Selys 2491 64 4 Pr Lanthus vernalis Carle 2497 63 2.7 Pr Lanthus parvalus (Selys) 2498 63 2.7 Pr Ophiogomphus 2500 66 6.2 Pr Progomphus obscurus (Rambur) 2521 64 8.7 Pr Stylogomphus albistylus (Hagen) 2551 64 4.8 Pr Stylurus 2560 66 4(B) Pr Cordulegastridae Cordulegaster 2610 66 6.1 Pr Corduliidae 2648 66 Pr Didymops 2650 66 5.5(K)Pr Macromia 2660 66 6.7 Pr Epitheca (Epicordulia) 2681 64 5.6 Pr Helocordulia 2686 66 Pr Neurocordulia 2690 66 4(Avg) Pr Somatochlora 2730 66 8.9 Pr Epitheca (Tetragoneuria) 2750 66 8.5 Pr Libellulidae 2768 66 7 Pr Brachymesia 2770 66 Pr Celithemis 2780 66 3.7(K)Pr Dythemis 2790 66 3.7(K)Pr Erythemis 2800 66 7.7 Pr Erythrodiplax 2820 66 Pr Leucorrhinia 2830 66 6.4(K)Pr Libellula 2840 66 9.8 Pr Orthemis ferrugenea (Fabricus) 2871 64 4.6(K)Pr Pachydiplax longipennis (Burmeister) 2901 64 9.6 Pr Pantala 2910 66 6.4(K)Pr Perithemis 2920 66 10 Pr Plathemis 66 10 Pr Sympetrum 2930 66 7.3 Pr Tramea 2970 66 Pr

Plecoptera Capniidae Allocapnia 3020 70 2.8 Sh Nemocapnia carolina Banks 3061 71 Unk Paracapnia angulata Hanson 3071 71 0.2 Unk Leuctridae Leuctra 3130 70 0.7 Sh Zealeuctra 3140 70 0(B) Unk Nemouridae MDNR-FSS-209 Taxa Reference Biotic Functional Page 10 of 30 Code Index Feeding Value Group Amphinemura 3200 70 3.4 Sh,Co Prostoia 3230 70 6.1 Sh,Sc Shipsa rotunda (Claassen) 3236 71 0.3 Sh,Sc Taeniopterygidae Strophopteryx 3280 70 2.5 Unk Strophopteryx arkansae Ricker and Ross 3281 71 Unk Strophopteryx cucullata Frison 3283 71 Unk Strophopteryx fasciata (Burmeister) 3282 70,71 3(B) Unk Taeniopteryx 3300 70 6.3 Sh,Co Taeniopteryx burksi Ricker and Ross 3301 71 5.8 Sh,Co Taeniopteryx lita Frison 3302 71 Sh,Co Taeniopteryx lonicera Ricker and Ross 3305 71 2(B) Sh,Co Taeniopteryx maura (Pictet) 3303 71 Sh,Co Taeniopteryx metequi Ricker and Ross 3304 71 1.4 Sh,Co Taeniopteryx parvula Banks 3306 71 2(B) Sh,Co Chloroperlidae Alloperla 3440 70 1.4 Unk Haploperla 3460 70 1.3 Pr,Co Perlidae 3508 70 3 Pr Acroneuria 3510 70 1.4(Avg) Pr Agnetina capitata (Pictet) 3531 71 2(B) Pr Agnetina flavescens (Walsh) 3532 71 0 Pr Attaneuria ruralis (Hagen) 3551 71 2.75(K) Unk Neoperla 3560 70 1.6 Pr Paragnetina 3580 70 1.8(Avg) Pr Paragnetina kansensis (Banks) 3581 71 2 Pr Paragnetina media (Walker) 3582 71 1(B) Pr Perlesta 3590 70 0 Pr,Co Perlinella drymo 3621 71 0 Pr Perlinella ephyre 3622 71 0 Pr Perlodidae Clioperla clio (Newman) 3641 71 4.8 Unk Diploperla 3650 70 2 Pr Helopicus nalatus (Frison) 3671 71 2.75(K) Pr Hydroperla 3680 70 2.75(K) Pr Hydroperla crosbyi (Needham & Claassen) 3681 71 3.7(K)Pr__ Hydroperla fugitans (Needham & Claassen) 3682 71 2.75(K) Pr Isoperla 3690 70 2 Pr,Co Pteronarcyidae Pteronarcys pictetii Hagen 3851 71 1.7 Sh

Hemiptera Hydrometridae Hydrometra 4010 56 7.3(K)Pr Veliidae Microvelia 4030 56 6.4(K)Pr Platyvelia 4042 56 Pr MDNR-FSS-209 Taxa Reference Biotic Functional Page 11 of 30 Code Index Feeding Value Group Rhagovelia 4050 56 7.3(K)Pr Steinovelia 4046 56 Pr Gerridae Aquarius 4092 56 6.4(K) Pr Gerris 4080 56 6.4(K)Pr Rheumatobates 4110 56 6.4(K)Pr Metrobates 4130 56 6.4(K)Pr Trepobates 4140 56 6.4(K)Pr Belostomatidae Belostoma 4170 56 9.8 Pr Lethocerus 4180 56 4.6(K)Pr Nepidae Nepa 4210 56 4.6(K)Pr Ranatra kirkaldyi Bueno 4201 57 5.5(K)Pr Ranatra fusca Beauvois 4202 57 7.3(K)Pr Ranatra nigra Herrich-Schaffer 4203 57 6.4(K)Pr Pleidae Neoplea 4230 56 5.5(K)Pr Corixidae Corisella 4250 56 6.4(K)Pr Hesperocorixa 4260 56 5(B) Mp Palmocorixa 4266 56 5.5(K) Unk Sigara 4270 56 4.6(K) Mp,Co Trichocorixa 4290 56 5.5(K)Pr,Co Notonectidae Buenoa 4340 56 5.5(K)Pr Notonecta 4350 56 5.5(K)Pr Mesoveliidae Mesovelia 4370 56 6.4(K)Pr Hebridae Hebrus 4390 56 6.4(K)Pr Merragata 4400 56 7.3(K)Pr Saldidae Micracanthia 4430 56 7.3(K)Pr Pentacora 4433 56 6.4(K)Pr Saldula 4440 56 6.4(K)Pr Gelastocoridae Gelastocoris 4460 56 7.3(K)Pr

Megaloptera Corydalidae Chauliodes rastricornis Rombur 7544 62 4(B) Pr Chauliodes pectinisornis (Linnaeus) 7542 62 4(B) Pr Corydalus 7560 60 5.6 Pr Nigronia fasciatus (Walker) 7571 61 6.2 Pr Nigronia serricornis (Say) 7572 61 5.5 Pr Sialidae MDNR-FSS-209 Taxa Reference Biotic Functional Page 12 of 30 Code Index Feeding Value Group Sialis 7510 60 7.5 Pr

Neuroptera Sisyridae Climacia 7610 60 6.5 Pr Sisyra 7620 60 Pr

Trichoptera Brachycentridae Brachycentrus 5580 77,80 2.2 Fi Brachycentrus americanus Banks 5581 75 Fi Brachycentrus lateralis (Say) 5582 75 0.4 Fi Brachycentrus numerosus Say 5584 75 1.8 Fi Brachycentrus occidentalis Banks 5585 75 Fi Micrasema 5590 77,80 0.6 Sh Glossosomatidae Agapetus 5290 77,80 0 Sc,Co Glossosoma 5270 77,80 1.5 Sc Protoptila 5310 77,80 2.8 Sc Helicopsychidae Helicopsyche 5860 77,80 0 Sc Hydropsychidae Ceratopsyche 5129 77,80 1.4 Fi Ceratopsyche bronta Ross 5164 78 2.7 Fi Ceratopsyche morosa Hagen 5168 78 3.2 Fi Ceratopsyche piatrix Ross 5171 78 Fi Ceratopsyche slossonae Banks 5175 78 0 Fi Cheumatopsyche 5130 77,80 6.6 Fi Diplectrona 5220 77,80 2.2 Fi Hydropsyche 5160 77,80 4 Fi Macrostemum 5210 77,80 3.6 Fi Potamyia flava (Hagen) 5201 80 5(B) Fi Hydroptilidae Agraylea 5340 77,80 8(B) He,Sc Hydroptila 5360 77,80 6.2 He,Sc Ithytrichia 5430 77,80 4(B) Sc Leucotrichia 5460 77,80 4.3 Sc,Co Mayatrichia 5480 77,80 2(B) Sc Ochrotrichia 5380 77,80 6.4(K) Co,He Orthotrichia 5440 77,80 7.2 Co,He Oxyethira 5400 77,80 3(B) He,Co Stactobiella 5420 77,80 2.75(K) Sh Lepidostomatidae Lepidostoma 5800 77,80 1 Sh Leptoceridae Ceraclea 5870 77,80 2.3 Co,Sh Leptocerus americanus (Banks) 5891 80 4.6(K) Sh MDNR-FSS-209 Taxa Reference Biotic Functional Page 13 of 30 Code Index Feeding Value Group Mystacides 5920 77,80 3.5 Sh,Co Nectopsyche 5900 77,80 4.1(Avg) Sh,Co Nectopsyche albida (Walker) 5901 76 5.5(K) Sh,Co Nectopsyche candida (Hagen) 5902 76 3.8 Sh,Co Nectopsyche diarina (Ross) 5903 76 5.5(K) Sh,Co Nectopsyche exquisita (Walker) 5904 76 4.2 Sh,Co Nectopsyche pavida (Hagen) 5906 76 4.2 Sh,Co Nectopsyche spiloma (Ross) 5907 76 4.6(K) Sh,Co Oecetis 5960 77,80 5.7 Pr,He Setodes 5930 77,80 0.9 Co,Pr Triaenodes 5940 77,80 3.7(Avg) Sh Limnephilidae Frenesia 5635 77,80 Sh Ironoquia 5630 77,80 7.3 Sh Pseudostenophylax 5640 77,80 0(B) Sh,Co Hydatophylax 5650 77,80 2.3 Sh,Co Pycnopsyche 5660 77,80 2.3 Sh Hesperophylax 5680 77,80 3(B) Sh,He Leptophylax 5690 77,80 Sh,He Limnephilus 5710 77,80 2.75(K) Sh,He,Co Platycentropus 5730 77,80 4(B) Sh Glyphopsyche missouri Ross 5741 80 Unk Molannidae Molanna 5850 77,80 3.9 Sc,Co,Pr Odontoceridae Marilia 5830 77,80 Sh Psilotreta 5840 77,80 0 Sc,Co Philopotamidae Dolophilodes 5010 77,80 1 Fi Wormaldia 5020 77,80 0.4 Fi Chimarra 5030 77,80 2.8 Fi Psychomyiidae Lype diversa (Banks) 5051 80 4.3 Sc Psychomyia 5052 77,80 2.7(Avg) Co,Sc Phryganeidae Agrypnia 5510 77,80 4.6(K) Sh Banksiola 5513 77,80 Sh,Pr Phryganea 5520 77,80 4.6(K) Sh,Pr Ptilostomis 5530 77,80 6.7 Sh,Pr Polycentropodidae Cyrnellus fraternus (Banks) 5061 80 7.4 Fi Cernotina 5063 77,80 4.6(K)Pr Neureclipsis 5070 77,80 4.4 Fi,Sh Paranyctiophylax 5080 77,80 0.9 Pr,Co,Sh Polycentropus 5090 77,80 3.5 Pr,Co,Sh Phylocentropus 5120 77,80 5.6 Fi Rhyacophilidae MDNR-FSS-209 Taxa Reference Biotic Functional Page 14 of 30 Code Index Feeding Value Group Rhyacophila 5240 74,77 0.8(Avg) Pr Uenoidae Neophylax 5750 77,80 1.6 Sc

Lepidoptera Pyralidae Nymphula 7710 59 7(B) He Parapoynx 7715 59 5(B) He Petrophila 7720 59 1.8 Sc,He Schoenobius 7730 59 He Nepticulidae Nepticula 7740 59 He Noctuidae Bellura 7770 59 He Simyra 7780 59 He

Coleoptera Gyrinidae Dineutus 6010 24 5.5 Pr Gyretes 6020 24 3.7(K)Pr Gyrinus 6030 24 6.3 Pr Haliplidae Haliplus 6060 24 5(B) Unk Peltodytes 6090 24 8.5 He Dytiscidae Agabus 6120 24 5(B) Pr Brachyvatus 6140 24 Pr Copelatus 6150 24 9.1 Pr Coptotomus 6160 24 9 Pr Cybister 6170 24 4.6(K)Pr Oreodytes 6179 24 4.6(K)Pr Desmopachria 6180 24 3.7(K)Pr Dytiscus 6190 24 3.7(K)Pr Graphoderus 6200 24 3.7(K)Pr Hydaticus 6205 24 Pr Hydroporus 6210 24 8.9 Pr Hydrovatus 6220 24 3.7(K)Pr Hygrotus 6230 24 1.9(K)Pr Illybius 6250 24 3.7(K)Pr Laccophilus 6260 24 10 Pr Liodessus 6275 24 Pr Rhantus 6280 24 3.7(K)Pr Thermonectes 6300 24 3.7(K)Pr Uvarus 6310 24 4.6(K)Pr Noteridae Hydrocanthus 6360 24 6.9 Pr Suphisellus 6370 24 Pr MDNR-FSS-209 Taxa Reference Biotic Functional Page 15 of 30 Code Index Feeding Value Group Hydrophilidae Berosus 6400 24 8.6 He,Co,Sh Chaetarthria 6420 24 5.5(K)Pr,Co Crenitis 6430 24 Pr,Co Cymbiodyta 6450 24 5.5(K)Pr,Co Dibolocelus 6470 24 5.5(K)Pr,Co Enochrus 6480 24 8.5 Pr,Co Helochares 6500 24 5(B) Pr,Co Helocombus 6520 24 5.5(K)Pr,Co Hydrobius 6560 24 5(B) Pr,Co Hydrophilus 6600 24 4.6(K)Pr,Co Laccobius 6630 24 8 Pr,Co Paracymus 6650 24 7.3(K)Pr,Co Sperchopsis 6670 24 6.5 Pr,Co Tropisternus 6680 24 9.8 Pr,Co Helophoridae Helophorus 6540 24 7.9 Sh Hydraenidae Hydraena 7190 24 Hydrochidae Hydrochus 6580 24 4.6(K) Sh Psephenidae Psephenus herricki (DeKay) 6721 20 2.5 Sc Ectopria nervosa (Melsheimer) 6726 20 4.3 Sc Dryopidae Helichus 6740 24 5.4 Sc,Co Helichus basalis LeConte 6741 20 5.5(K)Sc,Co Helichus fastigiatus (Say) 6742 20 5.5(K)Sc,Co Helichus lithophilus (Germar) 6743 20 5.5(K)Sc,Co Helichus striatus LeConte 6744 20 4.6(K)Sc,Co Scirtidae Scirtes 6770 24 5(B) Sh Cyphon 24 Sh Elmidae Ancyronyx variegata (Germar) 6801 20 6.9 Co,Sc Dubiraphia 6810 24 6.4 Co Heterelmis 6840 24 Co Macronychus glabratus Say 6851 20 4.7 Co Microcylloepus pusillus (LeConte) 6860 20 2.1 Co Optioservus sandersoni Collier 6881 20,23 2.7 Sc,Co Stenelmis 6890 24 5.4 Co,Sc Stenelmis beameri Sanderson 6891 20 4.6(K) Co,Sc Stenelmis bicarinata LeConte 6892 20 5(B) Co,Sc Stenelmis cheryl Brown 6893 20 5.5(K) Co,Sc Stenelmis crenata (Say) 6894 20 5(B) Co,Sc Stenelmis decorata Sanderson 6895 20 5.5(K) Co,Sc Stenelmis exigua Sanderson 6896 20 4.6(K) Co,Sc MDNR-FSS-209 Taxa Reference Biotic Functional Page 16 of 30 Code Index Feeding Value Group Stenelmis exilis Sanderson 6897 20 Co,Sc Stenelmis grossa Sanderson 6899 20 Co,Sc Stenelmis lateralis Sanderson 6900 20 4.6(K) Co,Sc Stenelmis lignicola Schmude & Brown 6901 20 Co,Sc Stenelmis mera Sanderson 6902 20 Co,Sc Stenelmis sandersoni Musgrave 6903 20 5.5(K) Co,Sc Stenelmis sexlineata Sanderson 6904 20 6.4(K) Co,Sc Stenelmis xylonastis Schmude & Barr 6905 20 Co,Sc Limnichidae Lutrochus 6950 24 2.75(K) Unk Diptera Dolichopodidae 8708 31 9.7 Pr Ephydridae 8798 31 5.5(K) Co,Sh Muscidae 8868 31 6(B) Pr Tanyderidae 8498 31 Unk Protoplasa fitchii 8501 31 Unk Scathophagidae 8848 31 Sh,He,Pr Syrphidae 8768 31 8.25(K) Co Unidentified diptera 8999 31 Ceratopogonidae Ceratopogoninae 8239 31 6(B) Pr,Co Dashyheleinae 8209 31 6(B) Co,Sc Forcipomyiinae 8219 31 6(B) Co Tipulidae 8008 26 6(K) Sh,Co Tipula 8010 26 7.7 Sh,Co Antocha 8020 26 4.6 Co Dactylolabis 8030 26 3.7(K) Sh,Co Dicranota 8040 26 0 Pr Erioptera 8050 26 5.5(K) Co Gonomyia 8057 26 5.5(K) Co Hexatoma 8060 26 4.7 Pr Limnophila 8070 26 4.6(K)Pr Limonia 8080 26 10 Sh Molophilus 8097 26 Ormosia 8090 26 4.6(K) Co Pedicia 8100 26 4.6(K)Pr Pilaria 8108 26 Pseudolimnophila 8110 26 7.3 Co Rhabdomastix 8115 26 Co Culicidae Aedes 8120 28 5.5(K) Co,Fi Anopheles 8130 28 9.1 Fi Culex 8140 28 10 Fi Culiseta 8137 28 5.5(K) Co,Fi Mansonia 8150 28 Co,Fi Chaoboridae Chaoborus 8170 31 8.5 Pr MDNR-FSS-209 Taxa Reference Biotic Functional Page 17 of 30 Code Index Feeding Value Group Eucorethea underwoodi Underwood 8175 31 Pr Psychodidae Pericoma 8180 31 4(B) Co Psychoda 8190 31 9.9 Co Telmatoscopus 8200 31 Co Simuliidae Cnephia 8299 29 4 Fi Simulium 8300 29 4.4 Fi Prosimulium 8320 29 2.6 Fi Chironomidae Diamesinae Diamesa 8982 27,32,33 7.7 Co Potthastia 8984 27,32,33 4.7(Avg) Co Pseudodiamesa 8985 27,32,33 4.6(K) Co Syndiamesa 8998 27,32,33 Co Sympotthastia 8986 27,32,33 5.7 Co Prodiamesinae Monodiamesa 8983 27,32,33 7(B) Co Tanypodinae Ablabesmyia 8340 27,32,33 6.4(Avg) Pr Clinotanypus 8987 27,32,33 9.1 Pr Coelotanypus 8991 27,32,33 6.2 Pr Djalmabatista 8988 27,32,33 6.4(K)Pr Krenopelopia 8352 27,32,33 Pr Labrudinia 8994 27,32,33 5.3(Avg) Pr Larsia 8354 27,32,33 8.3 Pr Natarsia 8993 27,32,33 8(B) Pr Nilotanypus 8356 27,32,33 6(B) Pr Paramerina 8381 27,32,33 2.8 Pr Pentaneura 8362 27,32,33 4.6 Pr Procladius 8358 27,32,33 9.3 Pr Psectrotanypus 8992 27,32,33 10 Pr Tanypus 8989 27,32,33 9.6 Pr Thienemannimyia grp. 8990 27,32,33 6(B) Pr Zavrelymia 8981 27,32,33 9.3 Pr Orthocladinae Brillia 8384 27,32,33 5.2 Sh,Co Cardiocladius 8995 27,32,33 6.2 Pr Corynoneura 8385 27,32,33 6.2 Co Cricotopus/Orthocladius 8386 27,32,33 6.5(Avg) Sh,Co Diplocladius 8387 27,32,33 7.7 Co Epoicocladius 8997 27,32,33 4(B) Co,Pa Eukiefferiella 8390 27,32,33 4(B) Co,Pr Eukiefferiella brehmi grp. 8391 25 3.7 Co,Pr Eukiefferiella brevicalcar grp. 8392 25 4(B) Co,Pr Eukiefferiella claripennis grp. 8393 25 5.7 Co,Pr Eukiefferiella coerulesens grp. 8394 25 4(B) Co,Pr MDNR-FSS-209 Taxa Reference Biotic Functional Page 18 of 30 Code Index Feeding Value Group Eukiefferiella cyanea grp. 8395 25 Co,Pr Eukiefferiella devonica grp. 8396 25 2.6 Co,Pr Eukiefferiella gracei grp. 8397 25 2.7 Co,Pr Eukiefferiella pseudomontana grp. 8398 25 8(B) Co,Pr Eukiefferiella rectangularis grp. 8399 25 Co,Pr Eukiefferiella similis grp. 8389 25 Co,Pr Heterotrissocladius 8427 27,32,33 5.4 Co Hydrobeanus 8415 27,32,33 9.6 Sc,Co Mesosmittia 27,32,33 7(K) Nanocladius 8402 27,32,33 7.2 Co Oliveridia 8417 27,32,33 Unk Orthocladius (Euorthocladius) 8401 27,32,33 6.3 Co Orthocladius (Symposiocladius) 8414 27,32,33 5.4 Co Parakiefferiella 8404 27,32,33 5.9 Co Parametriocnemus 8405 27,32,33 3.7 Co Paraphenocladius 8406 27,32,33 4(B) Co Parorthocladius 8407 27,32,33 Co Psectrocladius 8408 27,32,33 3.8 Co,Sh Pseudorthocladius 8409 27,32,33 0 Co Pseudosmittia 27,32,33 4(K) Rheocricotopus 8410 27,32,33 7.3(Avg) Co,Sh Smittia 8412 27,32,33 4(K) Co Synorthocladius 8428 27,32,33 4.7 Thienemanniella 8416 27,32,33 6 Co Tventenia 8419 27,32,33 4 Co Tventenia bavarica grp. 8421 27,32,33 3.9 Co Tventenia discoloripes grp. 8422 27,32,33 4 Co Xylotopus 8418 27,32,33 6.6 Sh Chironominae Chironomini Acalcarella 8432 27,32,33 Co Axarus 8433 27,32,33 6(B) Co Chironomus 8435 27,32,33 9.8 Co,Sh Cladopelma 8436 27,32,33 2.5 Co Cryptochironomous 8437 27,32,33 7.4(Avg) Pr Cryptotendipes 8441 27,32,33 6.1 Co Demicryptochironomus 8444 27,32,33 2.1 Co Dicrotendipes 8438 27,32,33 7.9 Co,Fi Endochironomus 8430 27,32,33 7.5 Sh,Co,Fi Endotribelos 8434 27,32,33 Goeldichironomus 27,32,33 9(K) Glyptotendipes 8440 27,32,33 8.5 Sh,Co,Fi Harnischia 27,32,33 7.5 Hyporhygma 8447 27,32,33 Sh Kiefferulus 8446 27,32,33 10 Co Lauterborniella 8448 27,32,33 5.5(K) Co Lipeniella 8449 27,32,33 Co MDNR-FSS-209 Taxa Reference Biotic Functional Page 19 of 30 Code Index Feeding Value Group Microtendipes 8450 27,32,33 6.2 Co,Fi Nilothauma 8451 27,32,33 5.5 Unk Omisus 8452 27,32,33 Unk Parachironomus 8454 27,32,33 9.2 Pr,Co Paracladopelma 8443 27,32,33 4.8 Co Paratendipes 8453 27,32,33 5.3 Co Phaenopsectra 8457 27,32,33 6.2 Sc,Co Polypedilum convictum grp. 8461 30 5.3 Sh,Co Polypedilum fallax grp. 8462 30 6.7 Sh,Co Polypedilum halterale 27,32,33 7.2 Polypedilum illinoense grp. 8465 30 9.2 Sh,Co Polypedilum scaleanum grp. 8466 30 8.7 Sh,Co Robackia 8445 27,32,33 3.4(Avg) Co Saethira 8463 27,32,33 8.1 Co Stelechomyia 8439 27,32,33 4.6 Stenochironomus 8464 27,32,33 6.4 Co,Sh Stictochironomus 8467 27,32,33 6.7 Co,Sh Tribelos 8470 27,32,33 6.6 Co Xylotopus 27,32,33 6.6 Pseudochironomini Pseudochrionomus 8472 27,32,33 4.2 Co Tanytarsini Cladotanytarsus (Cladotanytarsus) 8483 27,32,33 3.7 Co,Fi Cladotanytarsus (Lenziella) 8484 27,32,33 5.5(K) Co,Fi Constempellina 8481 27,32,33 4(B) Co,Fi Micropsectra 8487 27,32,33 1.4 Co Paratanytarsus 8488 27,32,33 7.7 Co,Fi Rheotanytarsus 8490 27,32,33 6.4 Fi Stempellina 8492 27,32,33 2 Co Stempellinella 8491 27,32,33 5.3 Co Sublettea 8494 27,32,33 1.7 Co,Fi Tanytarsus 8493 27,32,33 6.7 Co,Fi Thienemanniola 8420 27,32,33 Unk Dixidae Dixa 8510 31 2.8 Co Dixella 8520 31 Co Stratiomyidae Allognosta 31 Caloparyphus 8530 31 Co Euparyphus 8540 31 Co,Sc Nemotelus 8560 31 7.3(K) Co Odontomyia 8570 31 7.3(K) Co Oxycera 8580 31 Sc Stratiomys 8585 31 7.3(K) Co Tabanidae Chrysops 8610 31 7.3 Pr Silvius 8620 31 Pr MDNR-FSS-209 Taxa Reference Biotic Functional Page 20 of 30 Code Index Feeding Value Group Tabanus 8630 31 9.7 Pr Athericidae Atherix 8700 31 2.1 Pr Empididae 8728 31 6(B) Pr,Co Hemerodromia 8730 31 6(B) Pr,Co Chelifera 8733 31 6(B) Pr Clinocera 8734 31 6(B) Pr Roederiodes 8740 31 Pr Undescribed 8750 31 4.6(K)

Hymenoptera Scelionidae 9008 58 Pa Braconidae 9028 58 Pa

Mollusca

Gastropoda Hydrobiidae 9118 82,86 8(B) Sc unidentified gastropoda 9499 82,86 Sc Valvatidae Valvata 9070 82,86 8(B) Sc Viviparidae Campeloma 9080 82,86 6.7 Sc Cipangopaludina 9087 82,86 Sc Lioplax 9090 82,86 Sc Viviparus 9100 82,86 6(B) Sc Pleuroceridae Elimia 9220 82,86 2.5 Sc Leptoxis 9240 82,86 1.6 Sc Lithasia 9250 82,86 Sc Pleurocera 9260 82,86 6(B) Sc Lymnaeidae Fossaria 9290 82,86 Sc Lymnaea 9300 82,86 6(B) Sc Pseudosuccinea 9310 82,86 7.2 Sc Stagnicola 9320 82,86 8 Sc Physidae Physa 9340 82,86 9.1 Sc Planorbidae Gyraulus 9360 82,86 8(B) Sc Helisoma 9370 82,86 6.5 Sc Menetus 9380 82,86 8.4 Sc Planorbella 9390 82,86 Sc Planorbula 9400 82,86 Sc Promenetus 9410 82,86 Sc MDNR-FSS-209 Taxa Reference Biotic Functional Page 21 of 30 Code Index Feeding Value Group Ancylidae Ferrissia 9430 82,86 6.9 Sc Laevapex 9450 82,86 7.3 Sc Rhodaemea 9460 82,86 Sc

Pelecypoda Unionidae 9538 87,88,89 Fi unidentified pelecypoda 9999 88 Fi Sphaeriidae Pisidium 9910 84,88 6.8 Fi Sphaerium 9930 84,88 7.7 Fi Corbiculidae Corbicula 9950 88 6.3 Fi Dreissenidae Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas) 9961 88 8(B) Fi

Platyhelminthes

Planariidae 0008 5 7.5 Co

Nematomorpha

Chordodidae 0118 6 Pa Gordiidae 0108 6 Pa

Annelida

Oligochaeta Branchiobdellidae 0128 11 6(B) Co Enchytraeidae 0189 11 10 Co unidentified annelida 0349 11 Co Haplotaxidae Haplotaxis 0219 11 Co Tubificidae Tubificidae 0138 11 Co Immature Tubificidae w/o capilliform chaetae 0187 8,11 10(B) Co Immature Tubificidae with capilliform chaetae 0188 8,11 10(B) Co Aulodrilus 0153 8,11 8(B) Co Branchuria sowerbyi Beddard 0151 8,11 8.4 Co Ilyodrilus templetoni (Southern) 0155 8,11 9.4 Co Limnodrilus augustipennis 0163 8,11 Co MDNR-FSS-209 Taxa Reference Biotic Functional Page 22 of 30 Code Index Feeding Value Group Limnodrilus cervix Brinkhurst 0162 8,11 9.8 Co Quistadrilus multisetosus (Smith) 0171 8,11 10(B) Co Potomothrix bavarious 0167 8,11 Co Tubifex tubifex (Muller) 0141 8,11 10 Co Lumbricidae Lumbricidae 0134 11 8(B) Co Lumbriculidae Lumbriculidae 0198 11 8(B) Co Lumbriculus variegatus (Muller) 0201 11 8(B) Co Hirudinea Glossiphoniidae 0258 12,13 7(B) Pr Piscicolidae 0278 12,13 Pa Erpobdellidae 0308 12,13 7.8 Pa MDNR-FSS-209 Page 23 of 30 APPENDIX B Taxonomic Bibliography

General References

1. McCafferty, W. P. 1981. Aquatic entomology. Science Books International, Boston, MA. 448 pp.

2. Merritt, R. W. and K. W. Cummins (eds). 1996. An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America (third edition). Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, IA. 862 pp.

3. Pennak, R. W. 1989. Freshwater invertebrates of the United States-Protozoa to Mollusca (third edition). John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, NY. 628 pp.

4. Thorp, J. H. and A. P. Covich, (eds.). 1991. Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates. Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, CA. 911 pp.

Turbellaria

5. Kolasa, J. 1991. Flatworms: Turbellaria and Nemertea. In: J. H. Thorp and A. P. Covich (eds.). Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates. Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, CA. pp. 145-171.

Nematomorpha

6. Poinar, G. O., Jr. 1991. Nematoda and Nematomorpha. In: J. H. Thorp and A. P. Covich (eds.). Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates. Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, CA. pp. 249-283.

Oligochaeta

7. Brinkhurst, R. O. 1975. Oligochaeta. In: F. K. Parrish (ed.). Keys to water quality indicative organisms of the southeastern United States. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH. pp. 69-85.

8. Brinkhurst, R. O. 1981. A contribution to the taxonomy of the Tubificidae (Oligochaeta: Tubificidae). Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 94(4): 1042-1067.

9. Brinkhurst, R. O. 1982. Oligochaeta. In: S. P. Parker (ed.). Synopsis and classification of living organisms, Vol. 2. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, NY. pp. 50-61.

10. Brinkhurst, R. O. and R. D. Kathman. 1983. A contribution to the taxonomy of the Naididae (Oligochaeta) of North America. Can. J. Zool. 61: 2307-2312.

11. Brinkhurst, R. O. and S. R. Gelder. 1991. Annelida: Oligochaeta and Branchiobdellida. In: J. H. Thorp and A. P. Covich, (eds.). Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates. Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, CA. pp. 401-435. MDNR-FSS-209 Page 24 of 30 Hirudinea

12. Klemm, D. J. 1982. Leeches (Annelida: Hirudinea) of North America. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH. Publication EPA-600/3-82-025. 177 pp.

13. Klemm, D. J. 1985. Freshwater leeches (Annelida: Hirudinea). In: D. J. Klemm (ed.). A guide to the freshwater Annelida (Polychaeta, naidid and tubificid Oligochaeta, and Hirudinea) of North America. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co., Dubuque, IA. pp. 70-173.

Crustacea

14. Barnard, J. L. and G. S. Karman. 1980. Classification of gammarid Amphipoda. Crustaceana Suppl. 6: 5-16.

15. Covich, A. P. and J. H. Thorp. 1991. Crustacea: Introduction and Peracarida. In: J. H. Thorp and A. P. Covich (eds.). Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates. Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, CA. pp. 665-689.

16. Hobbs, H. H., Jr. 1976. Crayfishes (Astacidae) of North and Middle America. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH. Water Pollut. Control Res. Series 18050 ELD05/72. 173 pp.

17. Holsinger, J. R. 1976. The freshwater amphipod crustaceans (Gammaridae) of North America. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH. Water Pollut. Control Res. Series 18050 ELD04/73. 89 pp.

18. Pflieger, W. L. 1987. An introduction to the crayfishes of Missouri. Missouri Dept. Conservation, Jefferson City, MO. 16 pp.

19. Williams, W. D. 1976. Freshwater isopods (Asellidae) of North America. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH. Water Pollut. Control Res. Series 18050 ELD05/72. 45 pp.

Coleoptera

20. Brown, H. P. 1972. Aquatic dryopoid beetles (Coleoptera) of the United States. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH. Water Pollut. Control Res. Series 18050 ELD04/72. 82 pp.

21. Hilsenhoff, W. L. 1972. Notes on Dubiraphia (Coleoptera: Elmidae) with descriptions of five new species. Annals Entomol. Soc. Amer. 66(1): 55-61.

22. Hilsenhoff, W. L. and K. L. Schmude. 1992. Riffle beetles of Wisconsin (Coleoptera: Dryopidae, Elmidae, Lutrochidae, Psephenidae) with notes on distribution, habitat, and identification. Great Lakes Entomol. 25(3): 191-213.

23. White, D. S. 1978. A revision of the nearctic Optioservus (Coleoptera: Elmidae), with MDNR-FSS-209 Page 25 of 30 descriptions of new species. Syst. Entomol. 3: 59-74.

24. White, D. S., and W. U. Brigham. 1996. Aquatic Coleoptera. In: R. W. Merritt and K. W. Cummins (eds.). An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America (third edition). Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co., Dubuque IA. pp. 399-473.

Diptera

25. Bode, R. W. 1983. Larvae of North American Eukiefferiella and Tvetenia (Diptera: Chironomidae). New York State Museum. Bull. No. 452. 40 pp.

26. Byers, G. W. 1996. Tipulidae. In: R. W. Merritt and K. W. Cummins (eds.). An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America (third edition). Kendall/Hunt Publ. Co., Dubuque, IA. pp. 549-570.

27. Coffman, W. P. and L. C. Ferrington, Jr. 1996. Chironomidae. In: R. W. Merritt and K. W. Cummins (eds.). An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America (third edition). Kendall/Hunt Publ. Co., Dubuque, IA. pp. 635-754.

28. Walker, E. D. and H. D. Newson. 1996. Culicidae. In: R. W. Merritt and K. W. Cummins (eds.). An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America (third edition). Kendall/Hunt Publ. Co., Dubuque, IA. pp. 571-590.

29. Peterson, B. V. 1996. Simuliidae. In: R. W. Merritt and K. W. Cummins (eds.). An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America (third edition). Kendall/Hunt Publ. Co., Dubuque, IA. pp. 591-634.

30. Simpson, K. W. and R. W. Bode. 1980. Common larvae of Chironomidae (Diptera) from New York State streams and rivers with particular reference to the fauna of artificial substrates. N. Y. State Mus. Bull. 439: 1-105.

31. Courtney, G. W., H. J. Teskey, R. W. Merrit, and B. A. Foote. 1996. Aquatic Diptera. Part one. Larvae of aquatic Diptera. In: R. W. Merritt and K. W. Cummins (eds.). An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America (third edition). Kendall/Hunt Publ. Co., Dubuque, IA. pp. 484-548.

32. Wiederholm, T. (ed.). 1983. Chironomidae of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. Part I. Larvae. Entomol. Scand. Suppl. 19: 1-457.

33. Wiederholm, T. (ed.). 1986. Chironomidae of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. Part II. Pupae. Entomol. Scand. Suppl. 28: 1-482.

Ephemeroptera

34. Allen, R. K. and G. F. Edmunds, Jr. 1961. A revision of the genus Ephemerella (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae) III. The subgenus Attenuatella. J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 34(4): 161-173. MDNR-FSS-209 Page 26 of 30 35. Allen, R. K. and G. F. Edmunds, Jr. 1962. A revision of the genus Ephemerella (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae) IV. The subgenus Dannella. J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 35(3): 333-338.

36. Allen, R. K. and G. F. Edmunds, Jr. 1963. A revision of the genus Ephemerella (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae) VI. The subgenus Serratella in North America. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 56: 583-600.

37. Allen, R. K. and G. F. Edmunds, Jr. 1963. A revision of the genus Ephemerella (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae) VII. The subgenus Eurylophella. Can. Entomol. 95: 597- 623.

38. Funk, D. H. and B. W. Sweeney. 1994. The larvae of Eastern North American Eurylophella Tiensuu (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae). Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 120(3): 209-286.

39. Bednarik, A. F. and W. P. McCafferty. 1979. Biosystematic revision of the genus Stenonema (Ephemeroptera: Hepatageniidae). Can. Bull. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 201: 1-72.

40. Burks, B. D. 1953. The mayflies, or Ephemeroptera, of Illinois. Bull. Ill. Nat. Hist. Surv. 26: 1-216.41.

41. Edmunds, G. F., Jr, and R. D. Waltz. 1984. Ephemeroptera. In: R. W. Merritt and K. W. Cummins (eds.). An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America (third edition). Kendall/Hunt Publ. Co., Dubuque, IA. pp. 126-163.

42. Edmunds, G. F., Jr., S. L. Jensen, and L. Berner. 1976. The mayflies of North and Central America. Univ. Minn. Press, Minneapolis, MN. 330 pp.

43. Henry, B. C., Jr. 1993. A revision of Neochoroterpes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). New status. Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 119(4): 317-333.

44. Kondratieff, B. C. and J. R. Voshell, Jr. 1984. The North and Central American species of Isonychia (Ephemeroptera: Oligoneuriidae). Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 110: 129-244.

45. McCafferty, W. P. 1975. The burrowing mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeroidea) of the United States. Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 101: 447-504.

46. McCafferty, W. P. 1977. Biosystematics of Dannella and related subgenera of Ephemerella (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 70(6): 881-889.

47. McCafferty, W. P. 1981. A distinctive new species of Stenonema. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 83(3): 512-515.

48. McCafferty, W. P. and R. D. Waltz. 1990. Revisionary synopsis of the Baetidae (Ephemeroptera) of North and Middle America. Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 116(4): 769-799.

49. Pescador, M. L. and L. Berner. 1981. The mayfly family Baetiscidae (Epemeroptera), Part II, Biosystematatics of the genus Baetisca. Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 107: 163-228. MDNR-FSS-209 Page 27 of 30

50. Provonsha, A. V. 1990. A revision of the genus Caenis in North America (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae). Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 116(4): 801-884.

51. Provonsha, A. V. and W. P. McCafferty. 1985. Amercaenis: new nearctic genus of Caenidae (Ephemeroptera). International Quart. Entomol. 1: 1-7.

52. Waltz, R. D. and W. P. McCafferty. 1987. New genera of Baetidae for some Nearctic species previously included in Baetis Leach (Ephemeroptera). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 80: 667-670.

53. Waltz, R. D. and W. P. McCafferty. 1987. Systematics of Pseudocloeon, Acentrella, Baetiella, and Liebebiella, new genus (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae). J. New York Entomol. Soc. 116(4): 769-799.

Hemiptera

54. Froeschner, R. C. 1949. Contributions to a synopsis of the Hemiptera of Missouri, Part IV. Amer. Mid. Nat. 42(1): 123-188.

55. Froeschner, R. C. 1962. Contributions to a synopsis of the Hemiptera of Missouri, Part V. Amer. Mid. Nat. 67(1): 208-240.

56. Polhemus, J. T. 1996. Aquatic and semiaquatic Hemiptera. In: R. W. Merritt and K. W. Cummins (eds.). An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America (third edition). Kendall/Hunt Publ. Co., Dubuque, IA. pp. 267-297.

57. Sites, R. W. and J. T. Polhemus. 1994. Nepidae (Hemiptera) of the United States and Canada. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 87(1): 27-42.

Hymenoptera

58. Hagen, K. S. 1996. Aquatic Hymenoptera. In: R. W. Merritt and K. W. Cummins (eds.). An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America (third edition). Kendall/Hunt Publ.Co., Dubuque, IA. pp. 474-483.

Lepidoptera

59. Lange, W. H. 1996. Aquatic and semiaquatic Lepidoptera. In: R. W. Merritt and K. W. Cummins (eds.). An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America (third edition). Kendall/Hunt Publ. Co., Dubuque, IA. pp. 387-398.

Megaloptera and Neuroptera

60. Evans, E. D. and H. H. Neunzig. 1996. Megaloptera and aquatic Neuroptera. In: R. W. Merritt and K. W. Cummins (eds.). An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America (third edition). Kendall/Hunt Publ. Co., Dubuque, IA. pp. 298-308.

61. Neunzig, H. H. 1966. Larvae of the genus Nigronia Banks. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Washinton. MDNR-FSS-209 Page 28 of 30 68(1): 11-16.

62. Cuyler, R. D. 1958. The larvae of Chauliodes Latreille (Megaloptera:Corydalidae). Annals Entomol. Soc. Amer. 51: 582-586.

Odonata

63. Carle, F. L. 1980. A new Lanthus (Odonata: Gomphidae) from Eastern North America with adult and nymphal keys to American octogomphines. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 73: 172-179.

64. Grabau, M. C. 1955. A taxonomic study of the naiads of Missouri dragonflies (Odonata: Anisoptera). Unpub. Thesis., Univ. Missouri-Columbia, MO. 116 pp. and 5 plates.

65. Needham, J. G. and M. J. Westfall, Jr. 1954. Dragonflies of North America. Univ. Calif. Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles. 615 pp.

66. Westfall, M. J., Jr., and K. J. Tennessen. 1996. Odonata. In: R. W. Merritt and K. W. Cummins (eds.). An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America (third edition). Kendall/Hunt Publ. Co., Dubuque, IA. pp. 164-211.

67. Williamson, E. B. 1932. Dragonflies collected in Missouri. Occ. Pap. Univ. Mich. Mus. Zool. 240: 1-40.

Plecoptera

68. Frison, T. H. 1929. Fall and winter stoneflies or Plecoptera of Illinois. Bull. Ill. Natur. Hist. Surv. 18: 345-409.

69. Fullington, K. E., and K. W. Stewart. 1980. Nymphs of the stonefly genus Taeniopteryx (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae) of North America. J. Kansas. Entomol. Soc. 53(2): 237-259.

70. Stewart, W. W., and P. P. Harper. 1996. Plecoptera. In: R. W. Merritt and K. W. Cummins (eds.). An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America (third edition). Kendall/Hunt Publ. Co., Dubuque, IA. pp. 217-261.

71. Poulton, B. C. and K. W. Stewart. 1991. The stoneflies of the Ozark and Ouachita Mountains (Plecoptera). Memoirs Amer. Entmol. Soc. #38. 116 pp.

72. Stark, B. P. and A. R. Gaufin. 1976. The nearctic species of Acroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae). J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. 49(2): 221-253.

73. Stewart, K. W. and B. P. Stark. 1989. Nymphs of North American stonefly genera (Plecoptera). Thomas Say Found. Series, Volume 12, Amer. Entomol. Soc., Hyattsville, MD. 460 pp.

Trichoptera

74. Flint, O. S., Jr. 1962. Larvae of the caddisfly genus Rhyacophila in Eastern North America. MDNR-FSS-209 Page 29 of 30 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 113: 465-493.

75. Flint, O. S., Jr. 1984. The genus Brachycentrus in North America, with a proposed phylogeny of the genera of Brachycentridae (Trichoptera). Smithson. Contrib. Zool. No. 398. 58 pp.

76. Haddock, J. D. 1977. The biosystematics of the caddisfly genus Nectopsyche in North America with emphasis on the aquatic stages. Amer. Mid. Nat. 98(2): 383-421.

77. Morse, J. C. and R. W. Holzenthall. 1996. Tricoptera genera. In: R. W. Merritt and K. W. Cummins (eds.). An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America (third edition). Kendall/Hunt Publ. Co., Dubuque, IA. pp. 350-386.

78. Schefter, P. W. and G. B. Wiggins. 1986. A systematic study of the Nearctic larvae of the Hydropsyche morosa group (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae). Royal Ont. Mus. Life Sci. Misc. Publ., Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen's Park, Ontario, Canada. 94 pp.

79. Schuster, G. A. and D. A. Etnier. 1978. A manual for the identification of the larvae of the caddisfly genera Hydropsyche Pictet and Symphitopsyche Ulmer in Eastern and Central North America (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae). U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH. Publication EPA-600/4- 78-060 129 pp.

80. Wiggins, G. B. 1977. Larvae of the North American caddisfly genera. Univ. Toronto Press, Toronto, Ont. 401 pp.

81. Wiggins, G. B. 1996. Trichoptera families. In: R. W. Merritt and K. W. Cummins (eds.). An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America (third edition). Kendall/Hunt Publ. Co., Dubuque, IA. pp. 309-349.

Mollusca

82. Brown, K. M. 1991. Mollusca: Gastropoda. In: J. H. Thorp and A. P. Covich (eds.). Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates. Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, CA. pp. 285-314.

83. Buchanan, A. C. 1980. Mussels (naiades) of the Meramec River basin. Missouri Dept. Conservation, Aquatic Series No. 17: 1-69.

84. Burch, J. B. 1972. Freshwater sphaeriacean clams (Mollusca: Pelecypoda) of North America. Biota of Freshwater Ecosystems Identification Manual No. 3, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D. C. 29 pp.

85. Burch, J. B. 1973. Freshwater uniacean clams (Mollusca: Pelecypoda) of North America. Biota of Freshwater Ecosystems Identification Manual No. 11, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D. C. 176 pp.

86. Burch, J. B. 1982. Freshwater snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of North America. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, MDNR-FSS-209 Page 30 of 30 Cincinnati, OH. Publication EPA-600/3-82-026 294 pp.

87. Cummings, K. S. and C. A. Mayer. 1992. Field guide to freshwater mussels of the Midwest. Manual No. 5. Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, IL. 194 pp.

88. McMahon, R. F. 1991. Mollusca: Bivalvia. In: J. H. Thorp and A. P. Covich (eds.). Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates. Academic Press, Inc. San Diego, CA. pp. 315-399.

89. Oesch, R. D. 1984. Missouri Naiades. A guide to the mussels of Missouri. Missouri Dept. Conservation, Jefferson City, MO. 270 pp.