PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Vol. 50, No. 3, pp. 39-114. December 9, 1997 SPECIES CATALOG OF THE NEUROPTERA, MEGALOPTERA, AND RAPHIDIOPTERA OF AMERlCA NORTH OF MEXICO Norman D. Penny Department ofE~ztorizolog)~,Caldornla Acndony oJ'Sc~erzces, San Fmnc~sco,CA 941 18 Phillip A. Adams Ccllg'rnia State Utzivet-sity, F~lllet-ton,CA 92634 and Lionel A. Stange Florida Depat>tnzen/oj'Agt.~czi/trrre, Gr~~nesv~/le, FL 32602 Thc 399 currently recognized valid species of the orders Neuroptera, Megaloptera, and Raphidioptera that are known to occur in America north of Mexico are listed and full synonymies given. Geographical distributions are listed by states and province\. Complete bibliographic references are given for all namcs and nomenclatural acts. Included are two new Junior homonyms indicated, seven new taxonomic cornbinations, two new changes of rank, fourteen new synonymies, three new lectotype de\ignations, and onc new name. Received March 20,1996. Accepted June 3, 1997. The recent publication of Nomina Insecta been consulted whenever possible, as well as Nearctica, A Check List of the Insects of North Zoological Record, and appropriate mono- America (Poole 1996) has given us a listing of graphic revisions publishedup to 1 January 1997. North American Neuropterida (Neuroptera + A number of taxonomic changes are incorpo- Megaloptera + Raphidioptera) species for the rated into this catalog: there are two new Junior first tlme in more than a century. However, for homonyms indicated, seven new taxonomic anyone trying to identify these species, the litera- combinations, two new changes of rank. fourteen ture is scattered and obscure. Only with the great- new synonymies, three new lectotype designa- est d~fficultyis a non-specialist able to keep up tions, and one new name. However, the classifi- with current useage of names. W~ththis lack of cation of neuropteroid insects is constantly being reference materials in mind, the present catalog modified and enhanced as we understand the has been developed to allow the non-specialist group better. Thus, the authors know that the and specialist alike to grasp the limrts and diver- genus "Mantispa" is currently being redefined by sity of these groups. The primary literature has Kevin Hoffman, and the genus "Brachynemu- 40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Volume 50. No. 3 lus" was recently redefined by Stange (1994). are sparse, even though earlier authors may have Such studies enhance our knowledge of these mentioned such regions as "Atlantic Coastal groups and are a normal part of taxonomic devel- States" or "Maritime Provinces." New distribu- opment and maturity, but at the same time they tional data introduced in this catalog are credited require that this list, as with any catalog, be used to the contributing author. in conjunction with other recent taxonomic lit- Some of the published records must be viewed erature to ensure the most up-to-date treatment with caution, p~rticularlyamong older literature. of any particular taxon. To help maintain cur- Where we know records are wrong, such as with rency, we have listed most recent treatments of Chn~soperlacxterna in Canada, we have indi- included taxa at the end of each family. cated this. However, other records which may The geographical coverage of this catalog in- have been correct are listed without comments cludes continental United States (including under each species treatment. Alaska with its offshore islands), and Canada. Type label information has come from three Greenland has been excluded. The southern lim- sources. Where possible, information has been its are the political boundaries of the United transcribed from the type specimens. Much label States, excluding the Caribbean and all offshore information has also been cited from the original islands, such as the Bahamas, not belonging to literature. A valuable third source has been the the United States. The Hawaiian Islands have electronic type catalog at Harvard University's been excluded because they belong to another Museum of Comparative Zoology (gopher: faunal region, as well as having a current, on-line 1lhuh.harvard.edu:17917), which houses the faunal listing through the Hawaiian Biological entensive Banks collection. Survey URL address (http: 1lwww.bishop. There are a surprisingly large number ofNorth hawaii.org/bishop/HBS/). American types in the collection at the Museum This portion of the Nearctic Region, excluding of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. In Mexico, currently contains 399 valid species, addition to the expected types of Hagen, Banks, distributed in the following families: and Carpenter, there are also primary types de- Family Genera Species scribed by Schneider, ~unneister,Smith and Neuroptera Navas, among others. Information about the Ascalaphidae 3 8 types at this museum are now available as a Berothidae 1 10 listing on internet. Chrysopidae 15 8 1 Within the main body of the catalog the orders Coniopterygidae 8 5 5 are arranged: Neuroptera, Raphidioptera, and fi- Dilaridae 1 2 nally Megaloptera. Families are arranged alpha- Hemerobiidae 6 6 1 betically. The included species are arranged Ithonidae I 1 within a taxonomic infrastructure of subfamilies Mantispidae 4 15 and tribes in the larger families, with included Myrmeleontidae 17 94 genera and species organized alphabetically. Polystoechotidae 2 2 Each valid species includes in sequential order: Sisyridae 2 6 reference to the original description; original ge- Raphidioptera neric placement; label data of type specimens and Inocellidae 1 3 type depository; synonyms, their label data and Raphidiidae 2 18 type depository; taxonomic status changes with Megaloptera appropriate references; and finally geographical Corydalidae 7 19 distribution by state or province within the de- Sialidae 1 24 fined area. Acronyms for statesiprovinces are alphabetized and followed by a superscript Total number that ke s to the citation at the end of the entry, e.g., AZt? (6 Say, 1824:305). Distributional information is credited to an Generic synonymies were published by author only if a state or province is specifically Oswald and Penny (1991) and are not repeated mentioned in the referenced work. Thus dis- here. tributional records associated with some species PENNY, ADAMS AND STANGE: SPECIES CA'TALOG 4 1 ROM = Royal Ontario Museum, Ontario, Canada The state and province abbreviations used SDNHM = San Diego Natural History Mu- throughout this paper are the two letter codes seum, San Diego, CA used by the U. S. Postal Service for the United SEM = Snow Entomological Museum, States and Canada. Collection abbreviations are Lawrence, KS as follows: USNM = National Museum of Natural His- tory, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC AMNH = American Museum of Natural His- UCB = University of California, Berkeley, CA tory, New York, NY UCD = Un~versityof California, Davis, CA ANSP = Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila- YPM = Yale Un~versityPeabody Museum, delphia, PA New Haven, CT BMNH = The Natural History Museum, Lon- ZIL = Zoological Institute, Lund, Sweden don, England ZMC = Zoologiske Museum, Copenhagen, CAS = California Academy of Sciences, San Denmark Francisco, CA ZMH = Zoologisches Museum, Hamburg, CIC = Cawthron Institute Collection, New Germany Zealand %MU0 = Zoological Museum, University of CMNH = Carnegie Museum of Natural His- Oslo, Notway tory, Pittsburgh, PA ZSBS - Zoologische Sammlungen des Bayer- CNC = Canadian National Collection, Ottawa, ischen Staates, Munich, Germany Canada CORN = Cornell University, Ithaca, NY ASCALAPHIDAE DEIC = Institut fiir Pflantzenschutzforschung, Ascalaphidae, or owlflies, as adults are large Eberswalde, Germany crepuscular aerial predators. For some species 13MB = Museum Fur Naturkunde der Hum- the daily flight period is very short, less than a boldt Unlversitat, Berlin, Germany half hour before total darkness in the evening INHS = Illinois State Natural History Sur- (MacNeill 1962). Eggs are laid on the tips of vey,Champaign, IL twigs (Henry 1977), often near streams. The lar- IRSNB = Institut Royal des Sclences vae live on the soil surface or on leaves, where Naturelles de Belglque, Brussels, Belgium they await passing prey. Adults are strong fliers LACM = Los Angeles County Natural History and superficially resemble dragonflies, except Museum, Los Angeles, CA for their distinctive long antennae. Males and MACN = Museo Argentino de CiEncias Natu- females are often dimorphic in wing coloration, rales, Buenos Aires, Argentina wing shape, and even sometimes antenna1 length. MCZ = Museum of Comparative Zoology, The world fauna was monographed by Weele Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (1909a). Shetlar's (1977) unpublished Ph.D. the- MLP = Museo de La Plata, LaPlata, Argentina sis is the most recent treatment of North Ameri- MNHN = Museum National d'Histoire can specie>. Only three genera are known from Naturelle, Paris, France North America. MZB = Museu de Zoologia, Barcelona, Spain MZH = Universltetets Zoologiska Museum, Helsingfors, Finland NMV = National Museum of Victoria, Mel- Ascalobyas Penny, 1982:395 bourne, Australia NRS = Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum, Stock- Ascalobyas albistigma (Walker), 1853:452 [As- holm. Sweden caluphus]. OHSTU = Ohio State University Insect Col- Holotype (sex unknown): Honduras (BMNH). lection, Columbus, OH TAXONOMY.- To HaplogIenius (see PSU = Pennsylvania State University Insect McLachlan, 1871:236); to Byas (see Weele, Collection, State College, PA 1908:30); to Ascalobvas (see Penny, 1982:395). PROCEEDINGS