DOCSLIB.ORG

Insecta, Neuroptera, Chrysopidae, Chrysopinae, Chrysopini) with Markedly Divergent Adult and Larval Features

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Insecta, Neuroptera, Chrysopidae, Chrysopinae, Chrysopini) with Markedly Divergent Adult and Larval Features Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. A, 44(2), pp. 69–85, May 22, 2018 Kuwayamachrysa, a New Genus of Lacewings (Insecta, Neuroptera, Chrysopidae, Chrysopinae, Chrysopini) with Markedly Divergent Adult and Larval Features Shigehiko Tsukaguchi1 and Toshihiro Tago2 1 10–10–203 Kanbara, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 662–0021, Japan E-mail: [email protected] 2 1–29–13–101 Motogou, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332–0011, Japan E-mail: [email protected] (Received 22 March 2018; accepted 28 March 2018) Abstract The authors describe Kuwayamachrysa gen. nov. from northeastern Asia–Japan, Korea and Russian Far East. This new genus is characterized by a number of extraordinary features in the male and female genitalia, and also in the pattern of larval setation. In the male genitalia, there is a uniquely asymmetrical and intersecting gonapsis; in the female genitalia, a bursa-vela connector, vaginal frame and laminate link are present; and in the first instar, secondary setae occur on both thoracic and abdominal segments. The type species of the monotypic genus is Chrysopa kichijoi Kuwayama, 1936. It is redescribed with emphasis on the adult abdominal hypodermal coloration, female terminalia, and larval morphology (first and third instars), all of which were previously unknown. Several features of the new genus are compared with those of other genera: (i) the mor- phology of the gonapsis in relation to the dorsal membrane of the 9th sternite (ii) the morphology of newly described features (bursa-vela connector, vaginal frame and laminate link), and (iii) the first and third instar patterns of setation. Key words: Chrysopini, genitalia, Japan, kichijoi, Korea, Kuwayamachrysa, larval setation, new combination, new genus, Russian Far East. Introduction from Korea. As a result of these new specimens, we discovered specialized character states in the Kuwayama in 1936 originally described male genitalia, the female genitalia, and the seta- Chrysopa kichijoi from a male specimen col- tion of the first instar. lected from Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. In 1985 In the present paper we propose and describe Tsukaguchi transferred the species to the genus the new genus, Kuwayamachrysa, redescribe the Apertochrysa based on Tjeder (1966), and in type species Chrysopa kichijoi including the pre- 1995 he redescribed the type specimen. In 2017, viously unknown female and larva, and discuss on the basis of molecular evidence, Mochizuki et the morphology of the genitalia and the pattern al. proposed that “Apertochrysa” kichijoi was not of the larval setation. related to other Apertochrysa species but formed a clade with Eremochrysa, Suarius and Chrys- Materials and Methods omesa. Although the species has not been found during the long period since the type specimen Materials. was collected in 1933, recently we have been The adults were collected from Japan and able to obtain additional specimens from north- Korea and were sufficiently mature for the exam- ern to central regions of Honshu in Japan and ination of the genitalia. The larval specimens 70 S. Tsukaguchi and T. Tago Fig. 1. Kuwayamachrysa kichijoi (Kuwayama, 1936), comb. nov., adult, female, (a) lateral view, scale line: 7 mm, (b) do., abdomen, ventral view, scale line: 2 mm. were laboratory-reared offspring from a female glycerin preserved condition under magnifica- collected in Japan; the full-grown specimens of tions ×25 to ×100. each instar were used for study. The voucher ③The measurements of the external charac- specimens (adult: 8 ♂, 6 ♀; larva: 9 exs.) are ters are as follows: Adult, body length: distance deposited in the National Museum of Nature and from anterior margin of head to posterior margin Science (NMNS; the abbreviation of the collec- of 9th tergite＋ectoproct; head width (Fig. 2, tion: NSMT), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Addi- hw): maximal transverse distance between outer tional laboratory-reared adult specimens (2 ♂, margins of both eyes in frontal view; eye diame- 1 ♀) are deposited in the National Institute for ter (Fig. 3, ed): horizontal diameter vertically Agro-environmental Sciences (NIAES), Tsu- viewing frontal aspect of head; eye protrusion kuba, Ibaraki, Japan. (Fig. 2, ep): maximal transverse distance between Methods. outer and inner margins of eye in frontal view; ①The observation of the specimens was made antennal length (incremental measurement with using an OLYMPUS binocular stereoscopic summuation of increments): distance from base microscope (10 to×100 magnification). External to apex in lateral view; wing length: distance characters of the adults were examined in the from base to apex in dorsal view. Larva, body dried condition or in the 70% ethanol preserved length: distance from apex of jaw to terminal end condition. For the examination of terminalia and of abdomen; head width: maximal transverse dis- genitalia the abdomen was removed from the tance between outer margins of both eyes in dor- body, treated with 10% KOH solution, fully sal view. washed in water and stained in a solution of 70% ④The coloration was described from the spec- ethanol and Chlorozol Black. The terminalia and imens and photographs, but the specimens fade genitalia were dissected, described and figured in and become discolored with age and preserva- glycerin. tion. ②The larvae were incised on the ventral side The numbers of abdominal dorsal setae and of the abdomen, treated with 10% KOH solution, setal rows on the larvae are shown approximately fully washed in water, stained in a solution of in the figures because the setae are often in com- 70% ethanol and Chlorozol Black. They were plicated and entangled states. examined and illustrated in the 70% ethanol or ⑤The adult terminology mainly follows A New Chrysopid Genus Kuwayamachrysa 71 Tjeder (1966), Adams and Penny (1987) and rows consisting of primary setae and many sec- Tsukaguchi (1995). The nomenclature for the ondary setae; in other genera these contain only wing-venation mainly follows Tillyard (1916). primary setae of generally seven pairs on the 1st The following terms are coined for convenience segment and six pairs on each of the 2nd to 6th of the description and comment on four charac- segments. In the third instar, the debris carrier ters of the genitalia: in the male, bugle-shaped with humped abdomen, the 1st abdominal seg- basal laminae, in the female, bursa-vela connec- ment has three or four transverse setal rows on tor, vaginal frame and laminate link. See below the median region and the 6th abdominal seg- for more detail. In the larva the nomenclature ment has a complete set of backward and for- used for the larval cranial setae is that of Rousset ward curved setal rows on the anterior and poste- (1966), and other terminology mainly follows rior regions; in other Chrysopini genera with Tsukaguchi (1978, 1979, 1995) but some sym- debris carrying larvae the 1st segment of the bols are changed from previous usage in the fig- third instar has one or two rows and the 6th seg- ures. Complicated larval setation is arranged and ment is without such sets of setal rows. the following four setal group regions are used: Description. anterior region, median region, posterior region Adult (Figs. 1–6). Small in size. Length of and spiracular region. forewing ca. 11.5–13.7 mm. Head marked on clypeal lateral side and gena, unmarked on other regions; with rather short Kuwayamachrysa gen. nov. face; anterior tentorial pit located slightly above [New Japanese name: kuwayama-kusakagerou zoku] lower point of eye (Figs. 2, 3); eye protrusion Gender. feminine. somewhat larger than half the distance between Etymology. The generic name is derived from eyes. Antenna slightly longer than forewing. the late Dr. Kuwayama (described Chrysopa Mandibles broad, asymmetrical, with tooth on kichijoi as a new species) plus chrysa (referring inner margin of left one. Palpi marked. Prothorax to Chrysopid genus). marked on latero-dorsal area. Legs with claws Type species. Chrysopa kichijoi Kuwayama, strongly curved, squarely dilated at bases. Wings 1936. narrow to moderate in width, with rather sub- Diagnosis. acute apices, unmarked; both cells of inner gra- This new genus is distinguishable from other dates rather broad; tip of cell im distinctly Japanese genera in the tribe Chrysopini by the beyond Rs-M crossvein; gradates mainly consist- following unique character states: In the male, ing of two series; inner gradate of fore wing not the gonapsis consists of a pair of the extraordi- joining pseudomedia; hind wing with Sc and R narily asymmetrical and intersecting median separated (Fig. 4). Abdomen simple, without pieces; in other genera the gonapsis is (i) absent, stridulatory, file-like structure on lateral side of or (ii) with a single, unpaired median piece, or 2nd segment. (iii) paired, but without extraordinarily asymmet- Terminalia and genitalia, ♂ (Fig. 5): Termina- rical and intersecting median pieces. In the lia broad. Eighth tergite somewhat shorter than female, the genitalia bears the oval bursa-vela 7th tergite. Tergite 9＋ectoproct simple, not sep- connector derived from the bursal duct, the vagi- arated on mid-dorsal axis, nearly round on dorsal nal frame consisting of the dorsal extension of apex, without any projection, not extending ven- the subgenitale and a pair of the longitudinal flat trad beyond lateral margin of sternite 8＋9, with laminate links in the bursa copulatrix; in other antero-lateral margin leaning back and without genera such genital elements not found. In the cleft, with elongated anterior lower angle nearly first instar, the dorsal sides of the 1st to 6th reaching to anterior margin of 8th segment; abdominal segments have three to four transverse apodeme reaching and surrounding callus cerci. 72 S. Tsukaguchi and T. Tago A New Chrysopid Genus Kuwayamachrysa 73 Sternite 8＋9 united, but composed of very large developed, more or less well sclerotized at base, 9th sternite (almost occupying sternite 8＋9) and with heart-shaped apical lobe, bearing neck very small 8th sternite (reduced to antero-lateral between base and apical lobe.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Viewed Erature to Ensure the Most Up-To-Date Treatment with Caution, P~Rticularlyamong Older Literature
    PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Vol. 50, No. 3, pp. 39-114. December 9, 1997 SPECIES CATALOG OF THE NEUROPTERA, MEGALOPTERA, AND RAPHIDIOPTERA OF AMERlCA NORTH OF MEXICO Norman D. Penny Department ofE~ztorizolog)~,Caldornla Acndony oJ'Sc~erzces, San Fmnc~sco,CA 941 18 Phillip A. Adams Ccllg'rnia State Utzivet-sity, F~lllet-ton,CA 92634 and Lionel A. Stange Florida Depat>tnzen/oj'Agt.~czi/trrre, Gr~~nesv~/le, FL 32602 Thc 399 currently recognized valid species of the orders Neuroptera, Megaloptera, and Raphidioptera that are known to occur in America north of Mexico are listed and full synonymies given. Geographical distributions are listed by states and province\. Complete bibliographic references are given for all namcs and nomenclatural acts. Included are two new Junior homonyms indicated, seven new taxonomic cornbinations, two new changes of rank, fourteen new synonymies, three new lectotype de\ignations, and onc new name. Received March 20,1996. Accepted June 3, 1997. The recent publication of Nomina Insecta been consulted whenever possible, as well as Nearctica, A Check List of the Insects of North Zoological Record, and appropriate mono- America (Poole 1996) has given us a listing of graphic revisions publishedup to 1 January 1997. North American Neuropterida (Neuroptera + A number of taxonomic changes are incorpo- Megaloptera + Raphidioptera) species for the rated into this catalog: there are two new Junior first tlme in more than a century. However, for homonyms indicated, seven new taxonomic anyone trying to identify these species, the litera- combinations, two new changes of rank. fourteen ture is scattered and obscure.
    [Show full text]
  • Universidade Federal De Santa Catarina Centro De Ciências Agrárias Departamento De Fitotecnia
    UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS AGRÁRIAS DEPARTAMENTO DE FITOTECNIA Controle biológico com Coleoptera: Coccinellidae das cochonilhas (Homoptera: Diaspididae, Dactylopiidae), pragas da “palma forrageira”. Ícaro Daniel Petter FLORIANÓPOLIS, SANTA CATARINA NOVEMBRO DE 2010 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS AGRÁRIAS DEPARTAMENTO DE FITOTECNIA Controle biológico com Coleoptera: Coccinellidae das cochonilhas (Homoptera: Diaspididae, Dactylopiidae), pragas da “palma forrageira”. Relatório do Estágio de Conclusão do Curso de Agronomia Graduando: Ícaro Daniel Petter Orientador: César Assis Butignol FLORIANÓPOLIS, SANTA CATARINA NOVEMBRO DE 2010 ii Aos meus pais, por tudo, minha mais profunda gratidão e consideração. iii AGRADECIMENTOS À UFSC e à Embrapa (CPATSA) pelo apoio na realização do estágio. Ao Professor César Assis Butignol pela orientação. A todos que, de alguma forma, contribuíram positivamente na minha graduação, meus sinceros agradecimentos. iv RESUMO Neste trabalho relata-se o programa de controle biológico das cochonilhas, Diaspis echinocacti Bouché, 1833 (Homoptera: Diaspididae) e Dactylopius opuntiae Cockerell, 1896 (Homoptera: Dactylopiidae), pragas da “palma forrageira” (Opuntia ficus-indica (Linnaeus) Mill, e Nopalea cochenillifera Salm- Dyck) (Cactaceae), no semi-árido nordestino, atualmente desenvolvido pela Embrapa Semi-Árido (CPATSA) em Petrolina (PE). Os principais trabalhos foram com duas espécies de coccinelídeos predadores, a exótica Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant,
    [Show full text]
  • Fish, Various Invertebrates
    Zambezi Basin Wetlands Volume II : Chapters 7 - 11 - Contents i Back to links page CONTENTS VOLUME II Technical Reviews Page CHAPTER 7 : FRESHWATER FISHES .............................. 393 7.1 Introduction .................................................................... 393 7.2 The origin and zoogeography of Zambezian fishes ....... 393 7.3 Ichthyological regions of the Zambezi .......................... 404 7.4 Threats to biodiversity ................................................... 416 7.5 Wetlands of special interest .......................................... 432 7.6 Conservation and future directions ............................... 440 7.7 References ..................................................................... 443 TABLE 7.2: The fishes of the Zambezi River system .............. 449 APPENDIX 7.1 : Zambezi Delta Survey .................................. 461 CHAPTER 8 : FRESHWATER MOLLUSCS ................... 487 8.1 Introduction ................................................................. 487 8.2 Literature review ......................................................... 488 8.3 The Zambezi River basin ............................................ 489 8.4 The Molluscan fauna .................................................. 491 8.5 Biogeography ............................................................... 508 8.6 Biomphalaria, Bulinis and Schistosomiasis ................ 515 8.7 Conservation ................................................................ 516 8.8 Further investigations .................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Chrysopidae of Canada (Neuroptera): Recent Acquisitions Chiefly in British Columbia and Yukon
    .I. ENTOMOL. soc. BRIT. COLUMBIA 97. DECEMBER 2000 39 The Chrysopidae of Canada (Neuroptera): recent acquisitions chiefly in British Columbia and Yukon J. A. GARLAND 1011 CARLING AVENUE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO, CANADA KI Y 4E7 ABSTRACT Chryso pidae collected sin ce 1980 chiefly in British Co lumbi a and Yuk on, Canada, and some late additi ons co ll ected before \980, are reported. :Vinela gravida (Banks) is reported for th e first time in th e last 90 years. This is th e first supplement to th e inventory of Chryso pid ae in Can ada. Key words: Ne uroptera, Chryso pidae, Canada INTRODUCTION The chrysopid faun a of Canada, as presentl y und erstood (Garland 1984, 1985), has been full y in ve ntori ed up to 1980 (Garl and 1982). Since then , newl y co ll ected specimens in British Columbia and th e Yukon, and some older-dated specimens not previously seen, have become availabl e. The purpose of publishing th ese spec imen label data is to suppl ement th e already extensive in ve ntory oflabel data on th e Ca nadi an chrysopid fauna, thereby ex tending it to the year 2000. Materi als an d meth ods appropri ate to thi s study have been doc um ented elsewhere (Garl and 2000). All specimens reported here are depos it ed in the Spence r Entomologica l Museum, Department of Zoo logy, University of Briti sh Co lumbi a. Ac ronyms used below: BC , British Co lumbia; SK, Sas katch ewan; and YK , Yukon Territory.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution and Genomic Basis of Beetle Diversity
    The evolution and genomic basis of beetle diversity Duane D. McKennaa,b,1,2, Seunggwan Shina,b,2, Dirk Ahrensc, Michael Balked, Cristian Beza-Bezaa,b, Dave J. Clarkea,b, Alexander Donathe, Hermes E. Escalonae,f,g, Frank Friedrichh, Harald Letschi, Shanlin Liuj, David Maddisonk, Christoph Mayere, Bernhard Misofe, Peyton J. Murina, Oliver Niehuisg, Ralph S. Petersc, Lars Podsiadlowskie, l m l,n o f l Hans Pohl , Erin D. Scully , Evgeny V. Yan , Xin Zhou , Adam Slipinski , and Rolf G. Beutel aDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152; bCenter for Biodiversity Research, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152; cCenter for Taxonomy and Evolutionary Research, Arthropoda Department, Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, 53113 Bonn, Germany; dBavarian State Collection of Zoology, Bavarian Natural History Collections, 81247 Munich, Germany; eCenter for Molecular Biodiversity Research, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, 53113 Bonn, Germany; fAustralian National Insect Collection, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; gDepartment of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Institute for Biology I (Zoology), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; hInstitute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany; iDepartment of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Wien, Wien 1030, Austria; jChina National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; kDepartment of Integrative Biology, Oregon State
    [Show full text]
  • The First Green Lacewings from the Late Eocene Baltic Amber
    The first green lacewings from the late Eocene Baltic amber VLADIMIR N. MAKARKIN, SONJA WEDMANN, and THOMAS WEITERSCHAN Makarkin, V.N., Wedmann, S., and Weiterschan, T. 2018. The first green lacewings from the late Eocene Baltic amber. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 63 (3): 527–537. Pseudosencera baltica gen. et sp. nov. of Chrysopinae (Chrysopidae, Neuroptera) is described from Baltic amber. Additionally, another species, Nothochrysa? sp. (Nothochrysinae), is left in the open nomenclature. Pseudosencera bal- tica gen. et sp. nov. represents the oldest confident record of Chrysopinae. The new genus lacks the apparent forewing intramedian cell, and possesses three character states not found in other Chrysopinae: the simple AA1, the short basal crossvein between M and Cu, and 5‒6 rings of setae on the antennal flagellomeres. This genus is probably a special- ised form in a basal branch of Chrysopinae, that could not be attributed to any of the known tribes. The specimen of Nothochrysa? sp. consists only of fragments of the forewings. The late Eocene Baltic amber represents the oldest horizon where Chrysopinae and Nothochrysinae are found to coexist. It is highly likely that Chrysopidae were extremely rare in these forests. Key words: Neuroptera, Chrysopinae, Nothochrysinae, Cenozoic, Baltic amber. Vladimir N. Makarkin [[email protected]], Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia. Sonja Wedmann [[email protected]], Senckenberg Forschungsstation Grube Messel, Markstrasse 35, D-64409 Messel, Germany. Thomas Weiterschan [[email protected]], Forsteler Strasse 1, 64739 Höchst Odw., Germany. Received 16 May 2018, accepted 5 July 2018, available online 23 July 2018.
    [Show full text]
  • Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
    Zootaxa 3351: 1–14 (2012) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2012 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) A new genus of Neotropical Chrysopini (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) FRANCISCO SOSA1 & SERGIO DE FREITAS2 1 Universidad Centroccidental “Lisandro Alvarado”, Museo Entomológico “Dr. José Manuel Osorio” (UCOB), Barquisimeto, Lara, . E-mail: [email protected] 2 Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil (deceased) Abstract Titanochrysa Sosa & Freitas is a new genus of Neotropical Chrysopini (Chrysopidae: Chrysopinae) recorded from Costa Rica, Venezuela and Brazil. Titanochrysa gen. nov. shares several external and genitalic characters with Ceraeochrysa Adams, 1982; Chrysopodes Navás, 1913; Cryptochrysa Freitas & Penny, 2000; Parachrysopiella Brooks & Barnard, 1990 and Ungla Navás 1914. It may be distinguished from those genera by its very long sternite 8+9, sternites 2–8 usually with microtholi, male geni- talia with the dorsal surface of the arcessus striated, gonosaccus well-developed, bearing elongate gonosetae and microsetae, and a spoon-like gonapsis. Herein, Titanochrysa circumfusa (Burmeister, 1939) [= Chrysopodes circumfusa (Burmeister)] comb. nov. and Titanochrysa pseudovaricosa (Penny) [= Ceraeochrysa pseudovaricosa Penny, 1998] comb. nov. were identi- fied; Titanochrysa ferreirai Sosa & Freitas sp. nov. and Titanochrysa trespuntensis Sosa & Freitas sp. nov. were described. The external morphology, and male and female genitalia of all these species
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.First Record of Chrysoperla Asoralis and C. Argentina
    Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina ISSN: 0373-5680 [email protected] Sociedad Entomológica Argentina Argentina HARAMBOURE, Marina; REGUILÓN, Carmen; ALZOGARAY, Raúl A.; SCHNEIDER, Marcela Inés First record of Chrysoperla asoralis and C. argentina (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in horticultural fields of La Plata associated with the sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, vol. 73, núm. 3-4, diciembre, 2014, pp. 187-190 Sociedad Entomológica Argentina Buenos Aires, Argentina Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=322032818013 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Nota Científica Scientific Note ISSN 0373-5680 (impresa), ISSN 1851-7471 (en línea) Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina 73 (3-4): 187-190, 2014 First record of Chrysoperla asoralis and C. argentina (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in horticultural fields of La Plata associated with the sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) HARAMBOURE, Marina¹, Carmen REGUILÓN², Raúl A. ALZOGARAY³, 4 & Marcela Inés SCHNEIDER¹, 5 ¹ Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología: Plaguicidas y Control Biológico. Centro de Estudios Parasito- lógicos y de Vectores [CEPAVE (CONICET LA PLATA-UNLP)], Bv. 120 s/n e/61 y 62, La Plata CP 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina. E-mail: [email protected] ² Instituto de Entomología, Fundación Miguel Lillo, Tucumán, Argentina. ³ Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (CIPEIN-UNIDEF/CONICET), Villa Mar- telli, Bs. As., Argentina. 4 Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental (3IA – UNSAM).
    [Show full text]
  • From Chewing to Sucking Via Phylogeny—From Sucking to Chewing Via Ontogeny: Mouthparts of Neuroptera
    Chapter 11 From Chewing to Sucking via Phylogeny—From Sucking to Chewing via Ontogeny: Mouthparts of Neuroptera Dominique Zimmermann, Susanne Randolf, and Ulrike Aspöck Abstract The Neuroptera are highly heterogeneous endopterygote insects. While their relatives Megaloptera and Raphidioptera have biting mouthparts also in their larval stage, the larvae of Neuroptera are characterized by conspicuous sucking jaws that are used to imbibe fluids, mostly the haemolymph of prey. They comprise a mandibular and a maxillary part and can be curved or straight, long or short. In the pupal stages, a transformation from the larval sucking to adult biting and chewing mouthparts takes place. The development during metamorphosis indicates that the larval maxillary stylet contains the Anlagen of different parts of the adult maxilla and that the larval mandibular stylet is a lateral outgrowth of the mandible. The mouth- parts of extant adult Neuroptera are of the biting and chewing functional type, whereas from the Mesozoic era forms with siphonate mouthparts are also known. Various food sources are used in larvae and in particular in adult Neuroptera. Morphological adaptations of the mouthparts of adult Neuroptera to the feeding on honeydew, pollen and arthropods are described in several examples. New hypoth- eses on the diet of adult Nevrorthidae and Dilaridae are presented. 11.1 Introduction The order Neuroptera, comprising about 5820 species (Oswald and Machado 2018), constitutes together with its sister group, the order Megaloptera (about 370 species), and their joint sister group Raphidioptera (about 250 species) the superorder Neuropterida. Neuroptera, formerly called Planipennia, are distributed worldwide and comprise 16 families of extremely heterogeneous insects.
    [Show full text]
  • Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) : Larvae of Ceraeochrysa from Mexico
    Systematics of Green Lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) : Larvae of Ceraeochrysa from Mexico CATHERINE A. TAUBER' AND TERESA DE LEON Department of Entomology, Cornstock Hall, Corriell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-0901 Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 94(2): 197-209 (2001) ABSTRACT Currently, 16 species in the green lacewing genus Ceraeochqsa are known from Mexico. Many of these species occur in agricultural situations, and their trash-carrying larvae are attractive candidates for mass-rearing and use in biological control. To facilitate the use of Ceraeo- chqscr in biological control and to contribute to a better understanding of the phylogenetics of the group, emphasis is placed on systematics. Previously, we described the larvae of seven of the 16 species; here we describe the larvae of five more and provide keys for identifying the larvae of all known Mexican species. We also summarize the little information that is available on the biology of each species. RESUMEN Actualmente, dieciseis especies de cris6pidos del g6nero Cerneochnjsa se conocen de MBxico. Muchas de Cstas se encuentran bajo diferentes condiciones agncolas; sus larvas carga-basura son candidates atractivos para la cria masiva y utilizacidn en programas de control biol6gico. Para facilitar el uso prictico de Cei-neochrysn, y contribuir a un nlejor entendinliento de las relaciones 6logen6ticas del grupo, nosotros enfatizamos el desarrollo de la sistemiitica del g6nero. Previamente describimos siete larvas de las dieciseis especies; en el presente documento describimos cinco m5s y proporcionamos claves para identificar todos 10s instares de las especies Mexicanas conocidas. Tambier1 resumimos la escasa informaci6n que existe acerca de la biologia de cada especie.
    [Show full text]
  • A Checklist of the Neuropterid Insects of British Columbia (Insecta: M Egaloptera, Neuroptera and Raphidioptera) with a Summary of Their Geographic Distribution
    J. ENTOMOL. SOC. BRIT. COLUMBIA 106, DECEMBER 2009 17 A checklist of the Neuropterid insects of British Columbia (Insecta: M egaloptera, Neuroptera and Raphidioptera) with a summary of their geographic distribution GEOFFREY G.E. SCUDDER1 and ROBERT A. CANNINGS2 ABSTRACT The Neuropterid orders in British Columbia consist of the Megaloptera, Neuroptera and Raphidioptera. Twelve families containing 89 species are represented. The distribution of these species is documented with reference to the 9 terrestrial ecoprovinces in British Columbia. Collection localities are given for species represented by 5 or fewer sites. Four species, 2 of Coniopterygidae and 2 of Hemerobiidae, are considered alien intro- ductions. INTRODUCTION The first list of British Columbia (BC) order, the Neuroptera. Most of the more neuropterid insects was published by recent research on these 3 taxa in BC, Spencer (1942) at a time when the 3 orders which include both aquatic and terrestrial in this group of insects that occur in the species, was summarized by Cannings and province (Megaloptera, Neuroptera and Scudder (2001) and Scudder et al. (2001). Raphidioptera) were considered as a single M ATERIALS AND M ETHODS The list of species here considered as recorded. An ecoprovince is an area with occurring in BC follows the classification consistent climatic or oceanographic, to- of Oswald and Penny (1991) and Penny et pographic and geological history al. (1997), with some nomenclature (Meidinger and Pojar 1991, Demarchi changes published since. In the recent lit- 1996). There are 10 ecoprovinces in BC; erature, Garland and Kevan (2007) have their size and broad internal uniformity discussed the Chrysopidae, and Cannings make them ideal units for the general dis- and Cannings (2006) the Mantispidae.
    [Show full text]
  • Ceraeochrysa Caligata (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) E Redescrição Dos Instares Larvais
    Polimorfismo no padrão de manchas tegumentares de larvas e adultos de Ceraeochrysa caligata (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) e redescrição dos instares larvais Gustavo G. Viana & Gilberto S. Albuquerque Laboratório de Entomologia e Fitopatologia, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro. Avenida Alberto Lamego 2000, 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT. Polymorphism in the pattern of integument markings of Ceraeochrysa caligata (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) larvae and adults and redescription of the larval instars. Ceraeochrysa caligata (Banks, 1945) is one of the several species of Ceraeochrysa Adams, 1982 that occur in agroecosystems of the Neotropical region and show potential for use in biological control programs. However, little is known about its biology, partly because of the poor status of the systematics of this group. To help in the identification of C. caligata and to contribute with additional characters for future phylogenetic studies with the genus, here we characterize the variations in relation to the pattern of integument markings originally described for the adults and larvae and redescribe the three larval instars, including characters not considered in the original description, especially the number of setae in the tubercles and somatic segments. We also present preliminary results regarding the nature of the variation in the pattern of adult markings. KEY WORDS. Adult and larval polymorphism; biological control; green lacewing; morphology; systematics. Ceraeochrysa Adams, 1982 é relativamente recente, tendo descrita como Chrysopa caligata, a partir de espécimes coletados sido criado como parte do desmembramento de Chrysopa Leach, no Panamá (BANKS 1945), sendo registrada posteriormente para 1815, gênero amplo e reconhecidamente parafilético (ADAMS o México (BANKS 1948).
    [Show full text]