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MEGALOPTERA: C0RYDALIDAE)L Vol. 108, No. 1, January &February, 1997 57 A SOUTH DAKOTA RECORD FOR CHAULZODES RASTRZCORNIS (MEGALOPTERA: C0RYDALIDAE)l P.J. Johnson, K.D. Roush, X. ~in2 ABSTRACT: Chauliodes rastricornis is reported from Bennett County, South Dakota. This is the first confirmation of this species in the state. The collection locality is the most westward locality in the northern Great Plains region and for the species. This species may be introduced to the region. Corydalidae, or fishflies and dobsonflies, have not been well surveyed in the northern Great Plains region. Parfin (1956) provided a checklist and some ecological notes for the species of Minnesota. Tarter et al. (1976) presented a distributional synopsis of selected megalopterans, including Chauliodes spe- cies in the region. Apparently, the only published South Dakota record was provided by Tarter et al. (1976) who reported C. rastricornis Rambur from the state, without further information. These authors also presented records for Nebraska, from Cherry and Antelope counties, in the northcentral and north- eastern portions of the state. Smith (1925) reported this species from Douglas County, Kansas, but this record is in the east-central portion of the state and appears continuous in distribution through neighboring states to the east, and eastern Oklahoma and Texas (Hazard 1960; Tarter et al. 1976). The larvae of Chauliodes spp. can readily be distinguished from those of other genera of megalopterans by the presence of elongate respiratory tubules on abdominal segment 8, these extending beyond the anal prolegs (Cuyler 1958). Larvae of the two species in this genus, C. rastricornis and C. pectinicornis (Linnaeus), can be differentiated by the color of the ecdysial cleavage line on the abdomen. Chauliodes rastricornis has a black cleavage line and C. pectini- cornis has a yellow cleavage line (Cuyler 1958; Hazard 1960). We collected four C. rastricornis larvae from the outflow area of an anthro- pogenic sportfishing pond in southwestern South Dakota, approximately 8 air miles south-southeast of Martin. Specifically, these larvae are labelled as fol- lows: South Dakota, Bennett County, Lacreek National Wildlife Refuge, trout pond #2 outflow, T36N R37W sec. 25 NW1/4,24.ix.1995, ca. Long. 10138W, Lat. 4304N, P.J. Johnson, X. Lin & K.D. Roush collrs. The recovery of these specimens confirms the presence of C. rastricornis in South Dakota and pro- vides the first specific record of occurrence in the state. Available distributional information for C. rastricornis from Parfin (1952), Hazard (1960), Tarter et al. (1976), and A. Contras-Ramos, University of Min- Received April 10, 1996. Accepted May 4, 1996. Address for all authors: Insect Research Collection, Box 2207A, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, U.S.A. ENT. NEWS 108(1) 57-59, January & February, 1997 58 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS nesota (pers. comm., 1995) indicates that the previous confirmed westernmost records of this species in the northern Great Plains region were from Cherry and Antelope counties in the northcentral and northeastern portions of Nebraska. Otherwise, the nearest recorded sites are in Winona County, Minnesota, in the southeastern corner of the state, and Story County in central Iowa. Thus, the discovery of this species from southwestern South Dakota provides a further westward range extension. All specimens reported herein were collected by sweeping the waters, sedi- ments and vegetation at shoreline and near-shore areas < 0.3 m in water depth with a triangular dipnet. The pond is incompletely shaded by only scattered sapling peachleaf willow (Salix amygdaloides). Cattail (Typha angustifolia) and waterweed (Elodea canadensis) dominated the aquatic flora and vegetation, with only a few arrowhead (Sagittaria latifolia), sedge (Carex comosa) and burreed (Sparganium eurycarpum); plant names follow Larson (1993). The sam~lesite was 2-4 m from the entrance to a 0.5 m diameter outflow culvert but posskssed a slow flow rate due to a dense cattail stand before the culvert. Surfi- cia1 bottom sediments included a deep layer of unconsolidated fine organic par- ticulates overlain with macrophyte leaves and stems in various stages of decay. No larvae were recovered in flowing water immediately below the culvert. This site agrees with generalized habitats for C. rastricomis (Neunzig and Baker, 1991). Records of C. rastricomis from Nebraska, as cited by Tarter et al. (1976) and noted above, are from counties included in the Nebraska Sandhills physi- ographic region. The new South Dakota site is literally at the northern margin of the Sandhills. Together, these records may suggest a natural distribution through the Sandhills and that this distribution is part of the greater range of the species through adjacent states to the east and south. The disjunct pattern of occurrence could reflect land and water use changes, or local extinction of popu- lations during the last century and prior to adequate faunal sampling. Chauli- odes rastricomis is typically a species of lentic waters (Neunzig and Baker, 1991), though slow stream waters are also acceptable (Parfin 1952). Appropri- ate lentic habitats in most of South Dakota and Nebraska were few prior to extensive impoundment and pond building since the late 1800's. This suggests that a natural distribution of this species to the Lacreek Refuge through south- ern South Dakota would require this species to have occupied portions of rivers that drain the refuge and vicinity, including the Missouri River, White River, and Little White River. Similarly, distribution through the Nebraska Sandhills would have included the Niobrara, Elkhorn, and Loup river systems. Available distribution and collection information does not include any of these rivers as habitats for C. rastricornis. Anthropogenic environmental changes may be implicated in the apparent range expansion of C. rastricomis. The pond from which the South Dakota Vol. 108, No. 1, January &February, 1997 59 specimens were collected is regularly stocked with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) derived from a state fish hatchery located near Rapid City, South Dakota; but no Chauliodes species is known from Rapid City or the Black Hills and vicinity. Pond building and stocking since the late 1800's for support of livestock, wildlife, food fish, and sportfishing brought the introduction of non-native fishes and attendant food resource organisms. From 1899 through 1901 many species of food and game fish were rail transported in bulk and introduced into lentic and lotic waters throughout the northern Great Plains (R. Smith, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Spearfish, pers. comm. 1996). Many of these game fishes de- rived from source areas in more eastern portions of the United States and within the natural range of C. rastricomis. Additionally, intentional and unintentional introductions of both fish and aquatic insects continue to occur in the region. For example, in October 1995, two larvae of Corydalus cornutus (Linnaeus) were received for identification from a pet store in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. These specimens were included with tropical fish reared and shipped from Florida, an apparently frequent event in the hobbyist fish trade. Competing hypotheses suggesting either nativeness or introduction of C. rastricornis cannot be fully reconciled at this time. However, a cursory exarni- nation of the history of fisheries development in the northern Great Plains sug- gests that introduction of C. rastricomis is a strong possibility. Specimens reported herein are deposited in the Insect Research Collection, South Dakota State University. This is report #2915 of the South DakotaAgri- cultural Experiment Station. LITERATURE CITED Cuyler., R.D. 1958. The larvae of Chauliodes Latreille (Megaloptera:Corydalidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer., 51: 582-586. Hazard, E.I. 1960. A revision of the genera Chauliodes and Nigronia. Unpubl. M.S. thesis, Ohio State University, Columbus. Larsan, G.E. 1993. Aquatic and wetland vascular plants of the ngrthem Great Plains. U.S. Dept. Agric., Forest Service, General Technical Report RM-238. Neunzig, H.H. and J.R. Baker. 1991. Order Megaloptera. In F.W. Stehr, Immature Insects, Vol. 2. KendalVHunt Publishing Co., Dubuque. Parfin, S.I. 1952. The Megaloptera and Neuroptera of Minnesota. Amer. Midl. Nat., 47(2): 421- 434. Smith, R.C. 1925. The Neuroptera and Mecoptera of Kansas. Bull. Brook. Entomol. Soc., 20: 165- 171. Tarter, D.C., W.D. Watkins, M.L. Little, and J.T. Goodwin. 1976. New state records of fishflies (Megaloptera: Corydalidae). Entomol. News, 87(7-8): 223-228. Bibliography of the Neuropterida Bibliography of the Neuropterida Reference number (r#): 8861 Reference Citation: Johnson, P. J.; Rousch, K. D.; Lin, X. 1997 [1997.??.??]. A South Dakota record for Chauliodes rastricornis (Megaloptera: Corydalidae). Entomological News, Philadelphia 108:57-59. Copyrights: Any/all applicable copyrights reside with, and are reserved by, the publisher(s), the author(s) and/or other entities as allowed by law. No copyrights belong to the Bibliography of the Neuropterida. Work made available through the Bibliography of the Neuropterida with permission(s) obtained, or with copyrights believed to be expired. Notes: File: File produced for the Bibliography of the Neuropterida (BotN) component of the Global Lacewing Digital Library (GLDL) Project, 2006. .
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