AAR-An07.Pdf.Pdf (846.7Kb)

454 AMAP Assessment Report . 1977 . 1977 . 1993 . 1993 . 1993 . 1993 . 1993 . 1993 . 1993 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al Bolviken Bolviken smelter Barkan smelter Barkan smelter Barkan smelter Barkan smelter Barkan smelter Barkan smelter, Barkan Go back to opening screen Severonikel Severonikel Severonikel Severonikel Severonikel Severonikel Severonikel in a meadow exposed to fumes exposed to fumes in a clearing in a clearing exposed to fumes exposed to fumes 1.5 km from 3 km from 3 km from 2.5 km from 2.5 km from 6 km from 6 km from 0.120.14 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 0.19 RCMA 1995 0.150.200.180.11 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 0.12 RCMA 1995 0.100.090.09 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 0.150.19 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1994 3.75 Gamberg 1996 ± ± ± ± 0.600.52 Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1996 0.40 Gamberg 1996 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.9 0.11 0.20 RCMA 1995 0.5 0.14 0.23 RCMA 1994 3.2 0.20 0.16 RCMA 1994 0.9 0.6 1.07- 0 6 ± ± ± ± 28 0.46- 10 0.28- 10 0.16- .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Concentration, µg/g dry weight ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± .0 2.1 0.06 0.14 RCMA 1995 .6 3 .6 3.8 0.16 0.17 RCMA 1994 .3 1.9 0.08 0.18 RCMA 1995 .0 4.2 0.10 0.08 RCMA 1995 .3 3 .5 3.8 0.1 .6.3 2.1 2.4 0.14 0.11 0.19 0.15 RCMA 1994 RCMA 1994 .0 2.6 0.10 0.22 RCMA 1995 .8 3.9 0.18 0.19 RCMA 1995 .5 2.3 0.15 0.12 RCMA 1994 .2 4.1 0.08 0.15 RCMA 1995 .5 2.5 0.12 0.19 RCMA 1994 10 3.5 0.12 0.25 RCMA 1994 58 20 36 18 < 12.0±4.640 7.76±1.419 < 0.040 0.010±0.0043 Riget .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 layer 458 layer 4262 layer 1814 layer 486 layer 399 layer 2079 layer 863 ------8 July 1995 3-20 1 3.1 18 8 July 1995 0-3 1 3.6 23 3 July 1995 0-5 1 8.4 9 2 July 1995 0-5 1 10.5 15 0 0 0 0 Kola Peninsula 1979 Organic Kola Peninsula 1988 Organic Kola Peninsula 1979 Organic Taymyr PeninsulaTaymyr PeninsulaTaymyr PeninsulaTaymyr Aion Island 77°40',0N 77°40',0N 104°06',0E 76°45',0N 104°06',0E 110°39',0E 10 July 1995 69°48',0N 10 July 1995 11 July 1995 169°21',0E 0-5 5-20 0-20 21 July 1995 1 1 1 0-5 1 5.9 2.1 2.3 7 11 2.5 10 189 3.1 4.2 Aion IslandAion Island 69°48',0N 69°48',0N 169°21',0E 169°21',0E 21 July 1995 21 July 1995 5-35 0-15 1 1 1.2 26.8 208 333 5.6 8 5.6 Kola Peninsula 1988 Organic Taymyr PeninsulaTaymyr 75°57',0N 99°09',0 E Wrangel IslandWrangel 71°08',0N 179°23',0E 25 July 1995 0-9 1 0.3 107 1.3 4.4 Wrangel IslandWrangel IslandWrangel PeninsulaYugorskiy PeninsulaYugorskiy 71°08',0N 68°52',5N 71°08',0N 69°06',75N 179°23',0E 66°46',0E 65°48',70E 179°23',0E 25 July 1995 11 Aug. 1995 18 Sept. 1995 25 July 1995 9-30 0-3 0-5 0-3 1 1 1 1 0.6 8.1 7.5 10.4 83 370 386 65 26.3 1.5 21.9 23 4.5 3.1 6.2 Kola Peninsula 1979 Organic Taymyr PeninsulaTaymyr 75°57',0N 99°09',0 E Yugorskiy PeninsulaYugorskiy 69°06',75N 65°48',70E 18 Sept. 1995 5-10 1 2.8 93 1.3 1.9 Yugorskiy PeninsulaYugorskiy PeninsulaYugorskiy PeninsulaYugorskiy 69°06',75N 69°45',0N 65°48',70E 69°45',0N 61°35',1E PeninsulaYamal 61°35',1E 18 Sept. 1995 15 Aug. 1995 10-15 15 Aug. 1995 72°44'N 0-5 1 70°43'E 5-10 1 1 20 Aug. 1994 0.6 5-25 12.4 7.5 101 238 206 17.5 9.4 29.4 31 1.3 9 3.0 Taymyr PeninsulaTaymyr PeninsulaTaymyr PeninsulaTaymyr 76°28'N 76°28'N 76°11'N 111°13'E 111°13'E 99°24'E 10 Aug. 1994 10 Aug. 1994 15 Aug. 1994Kola Peninsula 0-1 1-40 0-2 2.8 2.4 3.8 12 10 1988 25 4.5 2.3 Organic 5 0.12 0.06 0.24 0.12 RCMA 1994 RCMA 1994 Yamal PeninsulaYamal 72°27',0N 72°10',0 E Yamal PeninsulaYamal PeninsulaYamal PeninsulaYamal 69°58'N 69°58'N 72°44'N 67°36'E 67°36'E 70°43'E 23 Aug. 1994 23 Aug. 1994 20 Aug. 1994 0-3 6-25 0-5 4.8 7.5 10 7 7 Taymyr PeninsulaTaymyr PeninsulaTaymyr PeninsulaTaymyr PeninsulaTaymyr 76°11'N PeninsulaTaymyr 77°36'N PeninsulaTaymyr 77°36'N 99°24'E PeninsulaTaymyr 77°36'N 103°49'EKola Peninsula 77°36'N 103°49'E 77°36'N 103°49'E 77°36'N 15 Aug. 1994 103°49'E 13 Aug. 1994 103°49'E 13 Aug. 1994 103°49'E 13 Aug. 1994 2-40 0-3 13 Aug. 1994 3-40 13 Aug. 1994 0-1 13 Aug. 1994 1-8 0-2 2-40 2.9 1979 7.5 5.8 7.5 6.2 19 3.8 12 2.7 9 Organic 10 7 15 11 3.1 3.8 0.12 3.8 0.12 0.18 0.12 0.17 0.14 RCMA 1994 RCMA 1994 RCMA 1994 Russia PeninsulaYamal 69°48',0N 67°21',0 E Karasjok (N. Norway) 1974 20-25 5 3000 Norway Karasjok (N. Norway) 1974 2-5 9 7400 Olrik Fjord 77°9.52'N 68°2.51'W 1994 5 12.1±4.010 Canada Fairchild Lake 1993 3 13- Itinnera 64°38'N 50°38'W 1994 4 < 12.0±6.297 16.4±5.252 12.63±2.550 0.040±0.007 0.019±0.0141 Riget ------Location Latitude Longitude Year/date Depth, cm n Copper Zinc Lead Cadmium Mercury Remarks Reference Pleasant LakeSlate Lake 1993 1993 3 3 9- 3- Tay LakeTay 1993 3 7- Isortoq 60°59.06'N 47°30.63'W 1994 5 36.8±29.939 69.6±29.884 8.48±4.218 0.069±0.018 0.030±0.0077 Riget Denmark (Greenland) Ammassalik 65°37.55'N 44°85'W 1994 5 25.8±16.118 138.1±38.634 9.62±0.666 0.100±0.020 < 0.010±0.0047 Riget Table 7·A1. Metals in soil. Table –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Chapter 7 · Heavy Metals 455 . 1995 . 1995 . 1993 . 1993 . 1993 et al et al et al et al et al . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a et al et al et al Lubinsky 1993 smelter, Barkan smelter, Barkan smelter, smelter Barkan smelter Mozgova 1993a smelter Mozgova 1993a smelter Mozgova 1993a smelter Mozgova 1993a smelter Mozgova 1993a smelter Mozgova 1993a smelter Mozgova 1993a smelter Mozgova 1993a smelter Mozgova 1993a smelter Mozgova 1993a smelter Mozgova 1993a black currant, blue- berry, gooseberry, moss- gooseberry, berry, saska- raspberry, berry, silver- toon, soapberry, strawberry berry, birch, dog- poplar, wood, shrubs Severonikel Severonikel Severonikel Severonikel Severonikel Severonikel Severonikel Severonikel Severonikel Severonikel Severonikel Severonikel Severonikel Severonikel south of south of south of south of south of south of south of south of south of south of south of eroded soil eroded soil in a meadow Soil (cultivated podzol) exposed 5 km Evdokimova and Soil (cultivated podzol) exposed 5 km Evdokimova and Soil (cultivated podzol) exposed 5 km Evdokimova and Soil (cultivated podzol) exposed 5 km Evdokimova and Soil (cultivated podzol) exposed 5 km Evdokimova and Soil (cultivated podzol) exposed 5 km Evdokimova and Soil (cultivated podzol) exposed 5 km Evdokimova and Soil (cultivated podzol) exposed 5 km Evdokimova and Soil (cultivated podzol) exposed 5 km Evdokimova and Soil (cultivated podzol) exposed 5 km Evdokimova and Soil (cultivated podzol) exposed 5 km Evdokimova and 2.5 km from 2.5 km from 1.5 km from /0.02 Conc. are in format range/mean Rovinsky ± /0.12 0.01-0.04 ± /2.83 0.03-0.40 ± Concentration, µg/g dry weight –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 0.013 0.012 0.013 (ww) Elkin 1994 ± /13.0 1.87-4.53 -5.02/2.5 6.8-18.9 -2.38 7.9-18 0.72-3.31 0.04-0.11 0.00008-0.06 Rovinsky ± ± .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 layer 1552 - (Dandelion) Foliage, flowers 5 <1-2.3 0.06-0.3 <0.05 <0.05-0.54 Gamberg 1996 - - rizon 653 rizon 111 (lichen) 5 1.1±0.6 0.16±0.12 Riget (lichen) 5 4.6±3.2 0.08±0.03 Riget (lichen) 8 2.0±1.5 0.08±0.07 Riget (sedge) 24 <1.20-1.66 <0.08-0.35 <0.02 <0.03 and Snyder-Conn sp. (Caribou moss) Thallus 25 0.4-6.8 <0.03-0.3 0.3-1.2 Gamberg 1996 Cetraria nivalis Cetraria nivalis Taraxacum officinate Taraxacum Cladina mitis/Cladina rangifera/ Cetraria nevalis Cetraria nivalis Carex aquatilis Cladina 1993, 1995 Misc. berry bushes Berries 80 0.03-0.67 <0.01-0.35 <0.05-0.06 <0.05-1.3 cranberry, Cloudberry, Gamberg 1996 1993-1995 Misc. tree twigs1993, 1995 Branches, bark 89 <0.01-6.4 <0.1-22 <0.05-0.09 <0.05-0.55 aspen, willow, Alder, Gamberg 1996 Christians Land (Yellowknife, NWT) (Yellowknife, NWT) (Yellowknife, Lena Reserve 1992 0-10 9 0.72 Ust-Lena Reserve 1992 0-10 4 0.80 Kola Peninsula 1986 0-10 76 Kola Peninsula 1985 0-10 89 Kola Peninsula 1984 0-10 69 Kola Peninsula 1983 0-10 46 Kola Peninsula 1982 0-10 61 Kola Peninsula 1981 0-10 73 Kola Peninsula 1980 0-10 64 Kola Peninsula 1979 0-10 45 Kola Peninsula 1978 0-10 45 Kola Peninsula 1977 0-10 30 Kola Peninsula 1976 0-10 46 Kola Peninsula 1988 B ho Thule 77°50'N 66°67'W 1980 Ubekendt Ejland 71°16'N 53°50'W 1980 Kola Peninsula 1979 B ho Yellowknife, NWTYellowknife, Bathurst LichenBathurst NWTCambridge Bay, Inuvik, NWTDenmark (Greenland) Kronprins1994 1992/1993 (ww)Elkin 81°66'N 19°60'W June 1993 1980 Lichen July 1992 Lichen Lichen 0.013 0.012 0.013 3 12 0.05-0.41 0.06-0.24 0.01-0.15 8 0.05-0.15 (ww) 0.01-0.09 0.01-0.08 (ww) n.d.-0.08 0.01-0.08 n.d.-0.04 (22) (ww) Elkin 1994 Elkin 1994 Elkin 1994 Refuge, Alaska Kola Peninsula 1988 Organic USA Arctic Nat. Wildlife 1988 Canada Yukon/NWT 1993, 1994 Location Latitude Longitude Year Species Tissue n Lead Cadmium Mercury Selenium Remarks Reference Table 7·A2. Metals in vegetation. Table ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 456 AMAP Assessment Report . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al Steinnes and Jacobsen 1994 Steinnes and Jacobsen 1994 Steinnes and Jacobsen 1994 Steinnes and Jacobsen 1994 Steinnes and Jacobsen 1994 Steinnes and Jacobsen 1994 Steinnes and Jacobsen 1994 Steinnes and Jacobsen 1994 Steinnes and Jacobsen 1994 Riget Riget Riget Riget Riget Riget Riget Riget Riget Concentration, µg/g dry weight ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 222 <0.017 0.02, 0.04 0.078, 0.107 <0.15 4.5, 2.7 2.38, 1.94 0.022, 0.027 0.18, <0.015 <0.015 Jacobsen 1994 Jacobsen 1994 Jacobsen 1994 11 0.7±0.2 12.10 0.30±0.02 <0.14 0.01 1.8±0.2 Jonsson 1995 (moss)(moss)(moss) 1 1 5.60 1 10.90 0.04 4.40 0.06 0.46 (feather moss) 1 2.5 0.10 (moss)(moss)(moss)(moss)(moss) 1 1 1 8.90 4.80 1 3.70 1 0.52 0.46 9.60 0.19 2.00 0.12 0.18 (feather moss) 1 9.90 0.24 (feather moss) 1 8.40 0.03 (feather moss) 1 7.00 0.28 (feather moss) 1 5.30 0.19 (feather moss) 2 4.5±1.9 0.31±0.34 Riget (feather moss) 3 2.1±0.4 0.21±0.14 Riget (feather moss) 2 2.9±1.6 0.10±0.02 Riget (feather moss) 1 13.00 0.10 (feather moss) 1 2.8 0.04 (feather moss) 1 3.40 0.08 (feather moss) 3 1.2±0.5 0.09±0.02 Riget (feather moss) 3 4.3±1.3 0.49±0.14 Riget (feather moss) 8 5.2±3.1 0.14±0.04 Riget (feather moss) 1 3.60 0.06 (feather moss) 8 7.1±2.0 0.17±0.11 Riget (feather moss) 2 6.6±0.2 0.20±0.01 Riget (feather moss) 1 0.17 Riget (feather moss) 1 0.12 Riget (feather moss) 3 0.12±0.02 Riget (feather moss) 2 0.16±0.03 Riget (feather moss) 1 0.09 Riget (feather moss) 8 0.08±0.02 Riget (feather moss) 5 0.09±0.03 Riget (feather moss) 1 1.10 Riget (feather moss) 1 15.70 Riget (feather moss) 2 0.7±0.3 Riget (feather moss) 3 0.6±0.2 Riget (feather moss) 2 1.1±0.1 Riget (feather moss) 1 0.70 Riget (feather moss) 1 12.90 Riget (feather moss) 8 2.4±3.9 Riget (feather moss) 5 0.29±0.26 Riget (lichen)(lichen)(lichen)(lichen)(lichen)(lichen) 10 4 4 4 1.1±0.2 9 13 1.7±1.0 4.4±0.6 0.12±0.04 0.8±0.2 0.07±0.04 3.1±1.0 6.4±1.6 0.08±0.02 0.09±0.03 0.09±0.03 0.13±0.04 Riget Riget Riget Riget Riget Riget (lichen)(lichen) 11 13 0.03±0.03 0.05±0.01 Riget Riget (lichen)(lichen)(lichen)(lichen)(lichen)(lichen)(lichen) 11 2 6 4 3 11 3 0.01±0.02 0.09 0.14±0.03 0.12±0.03 0.12±0.02 0.22±0.13 0.12 Riget Riget Riget Riget Riget Riget Riget Cetraria nivalis Cetraria nivalis Cetraria nivalis Cetraria nivalis Cetraria nivalis Hylocomium splendens Cetraria nivalis Hylocomium splendens Hylocomium splendens Racomitrium lanuginosum Hylocomium splendens Racomitrium lanuginosum Hylocomium splendens Racomitrium lanuginosum Hylocomium splendens Dryas octopetala Racomitrium lanuginosum Cetraria nivalis Hylocomium splendens Hylocomium splendens Hylocomium splendens Hylocomium splendens Hylocomium splendens Hylocomium splendens Hylocomium splendens Hylocomium splendens Hylocomium splendens Hylocomium splendens Hylocomium splendens Hylocomium splendens Hylocomium splendens Hylocomium splendens Hylocomium splendens Hylocomium splendens Cetraria nivalis Cetraria nivalis Hylocomium splendens Hylocomium splendens Hylocomium splendens Hylocomium splendens Hylocomium splendens Hylocomium splendens Hylocomium splendens Cetraria nivalis Cetraria nivalis Cetraria nivalis Cetraria nivalis Cetraria nivalis Cetraria nivalis Cetraria nivalis Hylocomium splendens Hylocomium splendens Hylocomium splendens Hylocomium splendens Hylocomium splendens Hylocomium splendens Hylocomium splendens Hylocomium splendens Hylocomium splendens Myriophyllum Racomitrium lanuginosum SarqaqDiskoSarfartoqGodthåbsfjordNarssaqThule 70°05'N 64°48'N 66°30'N 69°36'N 52°00'W 50°98'W 51°15'W 60°59'N 53°57'W 1980 1980 1989 77°50'N 1980 46°00'W 66°67'W 1979 1980 Aternikerdluk 70°09'N 52°39'W 1980 SvalbardSvalbardSvalbardSvalbardSvalbardSvalbard 78°55',NSvalbard 78°55',NSvalbard 11°56',E 79°00',NSvalbard 11°56',E 79°00',N 12°18',E 77°56',N Aug. 1993 12°18',E 77°56',N Aug. 1993 15°32',E 78°28',N Aug. 1993 15°32',E 78°28',N Aug. 1993 15°39',E Aug. 1993 15°39',E Aug. 1993 Aug. 1993 Aug. 1993 1991 Location Latitude Longitude Year Species Tissue n Lead Cadmium Mercury Selenium Remarks Reference Trailo 72°88'N 24.08'W 1985 Skeldal 72°23'N 24°24'W 1979 Bjørneøer 71°17'N 25°32'W 1985 Ummanaq 70°91'N 52°25'W 1985 Aternikerdluk 70°09'N 52°39'W 1980 Sarqaq 70°05'N 52°00'W 1980 Disko 69°36'N 52°37'W 1980 Jakobshavn 69°21'N 51°00'W 1980 Jakobshavn 69°45'N 50°82'W 1985 Sdr. StrømfjordSdr. 67°06'N 50°63'W 1980 Sarfartoq 66°30'N 51°15'W 1989 Ammassalik 65°85'N 37°10'W 1985 Godthåbsfjord 64°48'N 50°98'W 1980 Frederikshåb 62°00'N 49°67'W 1985 Narssaq 60°59'N 46°00'W 1979 Immarssuaq 40°01'N 44°01'W 1985 ThuleNarssaqThule 77°47'N 60°59'N 77°50'N 69°19'W 46°00'W 66°67'W 1982 1979 1980 Aternikerdluk 70°09'N 52°39'W 1980 Sarqaq 70°05'N 52°00'W 1980 Disko 69°36'N 52°37'W 1980 Jakobshavn 69°21'N 51°00'W 1980 Godthåbsfjord 64°48'N 50°98'W 1980 Narssaq 60°59'N 46°00'W 1979 ThuleDiskoGodhavnTartoqIvigtutNarssaqQuinqua 77°47'NThule 69°26'N 69°26'N 69°19'W 61°41'N 53°34'W 53°34'W 61°19'N 60°59'N 1982 48°72'W 61°26'N 1983 1984 48°28'W 46°00'W 1984 77°50'N 45°50'W 1984 1979 1984 66°67'W 1980 Skeldal 72°23'N 24°24'W 1979 Aternikerdluk 70°09'N 52°39'W 1980 Sarqaq 70°05'N 52°00'W 1980 Disko 69°36'N 52°37'W 1980 Jakobshavn 69°21'N 51°00'W 1980 Sdr. StrømfjordSdr. 67°06'N 50°63'W 1980 Godthåbsfjord 64°48'N 50°98'W 1980 Narssaq 60°59'N 46°00'W 1979 Iceland Lake ThingvallavatnNorway Svalbard 78°55',N 11°56',E 1994 Aug. 1993 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Chapter 7 · Heavy Metals 457 . 1996 . 1996 . 1977 . 1977 . 1977 . 1977 . 1977 . 1977 . 1977 . 1992 . 1992 et al et al .1995 .1995 .1995 .1995 .1995 .1995 .1995 .1995 .1995 .1995 .1995 .1995 .1995 .1995 .1995 .1995 .1995 .1995 .1995 .1995 et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al Bolviken Bolviken Bolviken Bolviken Bolviken Bolviken Bolviken Kubin 1990 Iivonen Steinnes and Jacobsen 1994 Jacobsen 1994 Jacobsen 1994 Myklebust 0.090.07 3.50 2.70 17.2 0.57 4 <0.2 1.8±1.1 <0.02 Kålas 4 0.285±0.169 1.75±1.14 <0.02 Kålas 9 0.032±0.016 3±2 <0.02 Kålas 9 0.032±0.014 2.8±1.1 <0.02 Kålas 5 0.10±0.02 1.26±0.66 0.028±0.022 Kålas 233 0.2 1313 0.5 0.3 4 trace 111 1.7011 2.30 0.11 0.62 0.30 0.10 0.19 0.12 0.05 <0.01 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 5 0.07±0.009 0.96±0.13 <0.02 Kålas 1 0.80 0.15 0.01 RCMA 1995 111 1.2011 0.571 0.801 0.41 3.201 1.601 0.18 1.701 0.08 1.20 0.16 4.30 0.05 0.16 1.50 0.75 0.47 0.05 0.36 0.02 0.52 0.05 0.15 0.04 0.15 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 <0.01 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 sp. 1 2.60 0.41 0.03 RCMA 1995 L.s. 1 1.20 0.15 0.03 RCMA 1995 (moss) 6 sp. 1 2.10 0.45 0.04 RCMA 1995 (twig)(leaf) 9 9 <0.2 <0.2 0.37±0.47 0.30±0.11 <0.02 <0.02 Kålas Kålas (twig)(leaf) 5 5 0.039±0.025 <0.2 0.051±0.024 0.6±1 <0.02 <0.02 Kålas Kålas (leaf) 5 0.130±0.037 <0.2 <0.02 Kålas (twig) 5 0.222±0.035 1.12±0.68 <0.02 Kålas , leaves 4 4 trace Trant. 1 1.00 0.26 0.02 RCMA 1995 (water plant) 0.10-0.20 0.06, 0.09 Iivonen L. 1 0.40 0.15 0.02 RCMA 1995 sp. 1 2.40 0.65 0.04 RCMA 1995 Rupr. 1 4.00 0.13 0.03 RCMA 1995 sp. 1 0.41 0.06 0.02 RCMA 1995 (leaf) 5 0.040±0.029 0.71±0.12 <0.02 Kålas (twig) 3 0.167±0.031 1.95±0.81 <0.02 Kålas (leaf) 3 0.054±0.014 <0.2 <0.02 Kålas (twig) 3 0.111±0.029 0.36±0.2 <0.02 Kålas sp. (water plant) 0.5-4.5 0.2-1.1 Gylocomium Sphagnum spp. 9 0.024±0.10 1.0±0.4 <0.02 Kålas spp. 1 0.051 0.32 <0.02 Kålas Basidiomycetes first year twigs 4 2 trace , second year twigs 4 3 trace spp. (twig)spp. (leaf) 10 10 0.806±0.342 <0.2 0.445±0.174 <0.2 0.016±0.002 <0.02 Kålas Kålas sp. 1 0.12 0.10 0.02 RCMA 1995 Calluna vulgaris Hylocomium splendens Betula pubescens Betula nana Vaccinium myrtillus Vaccinium myrtillus Vaccinium Betula nana Salix Salix Pleurozium schreberi Betula pubescens Hylocomium splendens Cladonia Betula pubescens Betula nana Vaccinium myrtillus Vaccinium myrtillus Vaccinium Betula nana Pleurozium schreberi Berry bushesBetula pubescens Betula, Betula Nuphar luteum Stems, berries <0.01 Descampsia flexuosa Festuca ovina Juncus trifidus alpina Viscaria Hypogymnia physodes Sparganium Betula tundrarum Rumex arcticus Rubus chamaemorus Sanionia uncinata Armeria maritima Enupetrum androginum Rhodiola rosea Salix Salix reptans Hylocomium splendens Cladonia Hylocomium splendens Racomitrium lanuginosum Birches Leaves, shoots 0.04-0.24 Myklebust Betula tundrarum Cetraria islandica Cetraria islandica Cetrariella delisei Flauocetraria cucullata Flauocetraria nivalis Cladina arbuscula Asahinea crysantha Dactylina arctica Cetraria islandica Dicranum Gylocomium Eriophorum Northern Norway 1977 Borgefjell 1990 Karasjok (N. Norway)Karasjok (N. Norway)Karasjok (N. Norway)Finnish Lakes 1974 1974 1974 Karasjok (N. Norway)Karasjok (N. Norway)Karasjok (N. Norway)Karasjok (N. Norway)Finland FinlandNorthern FinlandFinnish LakesRussia 1974 PeninsulaYugorskiy 1974 PeninsulaYugorskiy 68°52',5 N 1974 PeninsulaYugorskiy 69°45',0 N 1974 E 66°46',0 PeninsulaYugorskiy 69°45',0 N E 61°35',1 PeninsulaYugorskiy 11 Aug. 1995 69°06',7 N E 61°35',1 PeninsulaYugorskiy 15 Aug. 1995 69°06',7 N E 65°48',7 PeninsulaYugorskiy 15 Aug. 1995 69°06',7 N E 65°48',7 18 Aug. 1995 69°06',7 N E 65°48',7 PeninsulaYugorskiy 18 Aug. 1995 1986 E 65°48',7 PeninsulaYugorskiy 18 Aug. 1995 68°52',5 N PeninsulaYamal 18 Aug. 1995 69°45',0 N E 66°46',0 PeninsulaYamal E 61°35',1 1987 11 Aug. 1995 72°43',5 N Mycota: Basidiomycetes R.l. 15 Aug. 1995 69°48',0 N Mycota: Basidiomycetes R.l. E 70°43',0 E 67°21',0 3 Aug. 1995 2-July 1995 Bryophita: Bryales Mosses 1 1 0.10 0.54 1 0.14 0.11 0.60 3 0.03 0.04 0.10 2.5-7.5 0.15-0.20 0.04 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 Mäkinen 1994 Yugorskiy PeninsulaYugorskiy 69°06',7 N E 65°48',7 18 Aug. 1995 Dividalen NorwayCentral Norway 1991 shrubs Willow Mosses Leaves, shoots 1.1-1.6 2 3.5-4.5 0.15-0.18 Mäkinen 1994 Yamal PeninsulaYamal 69°48',0 N E 67°21',0 2-July 1995 Yamal PeninsulaYamal PeninsulaYamal 69°55',0 N 69°58',0 N E 70°40',0 E 67°36',0 3-Jul-95 2 Aug. 1995 Mycota: Bryophyta: Taymyr PeninsulaTaymyr PeninsulaTaymyr PeninsulaTaymyr 76°10',5 N PeninsulaTaymyr 76°10',5 N E 99°23',6 PeninsulaTaymyr 74°33',0 N E 99°23',6 Peninsula 9 Aug. 1995 Taymyr 74°33',0 N E 98°35',0 Peninsula 9 Aug. 1995Taymyr 74°33',0 N E 98°35',0 Peninsula 11 May 1995 Taymyr Bryophyta: 74°33',0 N E 98°35',0 Peninsula 11 May 1995 Taymyr 74°33',0 N E 98°35',0 Peninsula 11 May 1995 Taymyr 74°33',0 N E 98°35',0 11 May 1995 East Siberia 74°33',0 N E 98°35',0 11 May 1995 East Siberia 71°50',0 N E 98°35',0 11 May 1995 East Siberia 102°20',0 E 11 May 1995 16 May 1995 75°29',5 N 72°11',0 N 143°14',0 E 72°11',0 N 15 Aug. 1995 148°25',0 E 16 Aug. 1995 148°25',0 E 16 Aug. 1995 458 AMAP Assessment Report . et al Niskavaara RCMA 1994 Mäkinen 1994 0.080.02 RCMA 1994 RCMA 1994 0.05 RCMA 1994 Concentration, µg/g dry weight ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 1 0.311 0.18 0.40 0.28 0.02 0.01 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 Leaves Leaves + branches 0.03 RCMA 1994 sp. 1 0.15 0.33 0.01 RCMA 1995 sp., Bryophytasp., Bryophytasp., Bryophytasp., Bryophytasp., Bryophyta 0.7 2.9 0.05 3.6 0.1 1.9 <0.04 1.3 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 <0.01 0.01 <0.01 RCMA 1994 RCMA 1994 RCMA 1994 RCMA 1994 RCMA 1994 sp., Bryophyta 0.6 0.06 0.05 RCMA 1994 sp., Bryophyta 0.4 0.1 0.04 RCMA 1994 sp. 1 0.81 0.15 0.01 RCMA 1995 sp.sp.sp. 1 1 0.10 0.68 1 0.32 0.17 1.60 0.01 0.12 0.02 <0.01 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 sp., leaves Angiospermatophytasp. Branchessp. Branchessp. 0.7 2.9 0.33 0.35 0.02 <0.01 0.06 Branches1994 1994 RCMA RCMA 0.04 RCMA 1994 RCMA 1994 sp., branches 0.4 0.19 0.05 RCMA 1994 Betula tundrarum Salix Gylocomium Salix Salix Oxytropis Dryas punctata Salix Hylocomium Hylocomium Salix AngiospermatophytaSphagnum Salix Vaccinium myrtillus Angiospermatophyta. 0.5 0.1 <0.01 RCMA 1994 Hylocomium Hylocomium Hylocomium Angiospermatophyta Salix Angiospermatophyta Betula nana Angiospermatophyta Hylocomium Salix and Chukotkaand Chukotka and Chukotka Angiospermatophyta and Chukotka and Chukotka East Siberia 69°21',0 N 163°34',5 E 16 July 1995 East SiberiaChukotka Peninsula 69°21',0 NChukotka Peninsula 68°34',0 N 163°34',5 E 68°34',0 N 180°30',0 E 16 Aug. 1995 3 July 1995 180°30',0 E 3 July 1995 Wrangel IslandWrangel IslandWrangel IslandWrangel 71°08',5 N 71°08',5 N 179°23',0 EKola Peninsula 71°08',5 N 23 Aug. 1995 179°23',0 E 23 Aug. 1995 179°23',0 E 23 Aug. 1995 1992 moss Terrestrial 45 0.34 Kotelny IslandsShirokostan Peninsula 72°18'N PeninsulaTaymyr 74°49'N Peninsula 140°50'ETaymyr PeninsulaTaymyr 76°28'N 138°43'E 6 Aug. 1994 PeninsulaTaymyr 77°36'N PeninsulaYamal 76°28'N 1 Aug. 1994 111°13'E PeninsulaYamal 76°10.5'N 103°49'E Lichenophyta 10 Aug. 1994 111°13'E 72°43.5'N 99°23.6'E Lichenophyta 13 Aug. 1994 72°43.5'N 70°43'E Lichenophyta 13 Aug. 1994 15 Aug. 1994 70°43'E 21 Aug. 1994 PeninsulaYamal Lichenophyta 21 Aug. 1994 Kolguev IslandKolguev Island 69°58'N 69°9.3'N 67°36'EKolskiy Peninsula 69°9.3'N 49°21.8'EPechenga 67°15'N 23 Aug. 1994 49°21.8'EMurmansk 28 Aug. 1994 Bryales, Bryophyta Olenegorsk 28 Aug. 1994 41°02'EMonchegorskKandalakshaLaplandia Nature Reserve 31 Aug. 1994 Lake ImandraKirovskUst-Lena Reserve 2.4 2.7 2.1 0.06 0.9 0.13 0.04 Mosses <0.01 0.07 Mosses Mosses 0.01 Mosses Mosses Mosses 0.03 Mosses Peat and grass litter Mosses 6 2 5 7 RCMA 1994 1 4 RCMA 1994 7.0-19 2 10-1230/400 5.0-7.5 4.9-8.5 2 80-140/100 13 11-23 RCMA 1994 0.10-0.30 6.5-23 0.10-0.14 0.09-0.40 2 8.0-13 0.10-0.54 0.28-0.95 0.7 0.20-0.24 4.0-14 0.19-0.60 0.07-0.99/0.33 Rovinsky 1995 Mäkinen 1994 Mäkinen 1994 Mäkinen 1994 Mäkinen 1994 Mäkinen 1994 Mäkinen 1994 Mäkinen 1994 East SiberiaEast SiberiaKotelny Islands 71°8.5'N 179°23'E 71°8.5'N 74°49'N 25 July 1994 179°23'E 138°43'E Lichenophyta 25 July 1994 1 Aug. 1994 2.5 0.11 0.02 RCMA 1994 Taymyr PeninsulaTaymyr 76°28'N 111°13'E 10 Aug. 1994 PeninsulaYamal PeninsulaYamal 69°58'N 69°58'N 67°36'E 67°36'E 23 Aug. 1994 Kolskiy Peninsula 23 Aug. 1994 67°15'N 41°02'E 31 Aug. 1994 Lichenophyta Location Latitude Longitude Year Species Tissue n Lead Cadmium Mercury Selenium Remarks Reference Belkovskiy IslandsBelkovskiy IslandsEast Siberia 75°12'N 75°12'N 135°50'E 135°50'E 9 July 1994 69°21'N 9 July 1994 Lichenophyta 164°34.5'E Bryales, Bryophyta 19 July 1994 1.7 0.03 0.05 RCMA 1994 East SiberiaEast Siberia 69°21'N 69°48'N 164°34.5'E 19 July 1994 169°21.5'E Lichenophyta 21 July 1994 1.6 1.7 0.02 RCMA 1994 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Chapter 7 · Heavy Metals 459 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 0.629.20.41 86 0.3 0.08 <0.05 <0.05 0.62 0.26 2 5.9 dw dw dw Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1996 0.05, 0.071.9, 3.6 1.1, 2.10.4-3.1 0.1, 0.07 1, 2.2 0.4-1 <0.05 0.25, 0.28 1.5, 2.6 1, 1.4 <3.5-14.3 dw dw dw Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1996 0.25-1.6 <0.9 <3.7 dw Gamberg 1996 0.6-2.4 <1 <3.9 dw Gamberg 1996 7-2322-23 0.1-1.9 0.4-2.1 <0.05-0.21 0.05-0.23 0.9-4.2 1-1.7 dw dw Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1996 0.04, 0.13 0.24, 0.38 <0.05 0.14, 0.33 dw Gamberg 1996 0.01-0.03 0.11-1.5 <0.05 0.41-1.1 dw Gamberg 1996 0.4-12000.6-13.4 0.01-0.57 <0.01-0.6 <0.05-0.17 <0.05-0.10 0.33-5.8 1.9-4.2 dw dw Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1996 1-760 0.07-285 <0.05-0.32 1.1-7.7 dw Gamberg 1996 0.5-14.8 0.01-72 <0.05-0.29 0.7-4.7 dw Gamberg 1996 1.1-10.8 0.2-0.35 <0.05-0.23 0.5-1.2 dw Gamberg 1996 7-54 0.08-2.8 <0.05-0.21 <0.05-1.4 dw Gamberg 1996 2.9, 3.0 0.2, 0.4 <0.05-0.05 2.5, 4.7 dw Gamberg 1996 0.119.1-1020 0.1-7 0.83 <0.05-0.3 <0.05 0.3-4 0.25 dw dw Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1996 3.11-17.3 <1.00-1.97 <0.02 0.478-1.28 dw and Lubinsky 1993 Snyder-Conn <0.18 <0.9 <3.6 dw Gamberg 1996 <0.16 <0.9 <3.5 dw Gamberg 1996 <0.19-1.3<0.19 <0.8-1.9<0.16 <0.9 <0.8 <3.2-6.7 <3.1-4.2 dw <3.2-3.4 dw Gamberg 1996 dw Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1996 16-52 0.03-0.12 <0.05-0.15 1.4-4.3 dw Gamberg 1996 <0.01-0.6 0.01-86 <0.05-0.15 0.2-1.4 dw Gamberg 1996 28-887 0.9-176 0.07-0.23 1.5-4.9 dw Gamberg 1996 20-122 0.08-1.5 <0.05-0.18 0.9-1.8 dw Gamberg 1996 20.8-109 dw and Lubinsky 1993 Snyder-Conn Concentration, µg/g wet weight (unless otherwise indicated) 35, 28 0.3, 0.5 0.3, 0.13 1.4, 2.6 dw Gamberg 1996 161, 116 0.19, 0.21 0.16, 0.16 3.8, 4.2 dw Gamberg 1996 5 <0.11-<0.12 1 0.41 2832 0.02-0.83 0.02-0.20 55 0.03-0.3 2710 0.01-0.44 2414 <0.03 0.02-0.14 <0.03-<0.04 + + 179276 <0,02-<0.16 <0.02-<0.08 250 <0.01-<0.23 , 1 , 1 , 6 , 5 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 2 , 2 , 1 , 1 , 2 , 2 , 5 , 5 , 12 FeatherKidneyLiver 1 Muscle 1 6 5 Muscle 3 KidneyLiver 20 19 143.0±68.4 38.8±33.5 dw dw Gamberg 1995 Gamberg 1995 Feather 12 Feather 2 Kidney 1 FeatherFeather 1 4 0.93 dw and Lubinsky 1993 Snyder-Conn Kidney 2 Liver 8 2.80-19.1 <0.5-<0.7 1.03-5.55 15.0-59.0 dw and Lubinsky 1993 Snyder-Conn Feather 1 Liver 18 Egg 23 <0.10-0.49 <1.50-1.82 0.22-1.10 1.02-2.12 dw and Lubinsky 1993 Snyder-Conn Tissue n, sex Cadmium Lead Mercury Selenium Remarks Reference a (Mallard duck) Egg 1 0.02 0.02 <0.05 2.7 dw Gamberg 1996 (American wigeon) Liver 3 (Scaup) Feather 1 (Green-winged teal) Liver 16 (Northern pintail) Liver 3 sp. Kidney 4 — Liver 2 — Liver 4 (Blue grouse) Kidney 3 (Willow ptarmigan)(Willow Kidney 4 and Lesser Snow Goose 17 <0.10-<0.20 Anas manla Anas platyrhynchos Anas americana Anas acuta Anas crecca Lagopus Dendrogapus canadensis Dendrogapus obscurus Lagopus leucurus Phalaropus lobatus Bonasa umbrellus Lagopus mutus Clangula hyemalis Lagopus lagopus Lagopus mutus Caladris melanotos 19951995 Kidney Liver 1 1 1995 19881988 1988 Muscle 15 Muscle 3 1988 1995 — Liver 4 1995 (White-tailed ptarmigan) Liver 1 1994 1988 (Red-necked phalarope) Liver 1 <0.07 <0.5 <10.0 dw and Lubinsky 1993 Snyder-Conn 1995 (Ruffed grouse) Kidney 7 199519961995 — — Liver Liver 4 3 1994, 1995 (Spruce grouse) Kidney 38 1994-1996 — Liver 16 1994 — Muscle <0.01-0.04 0.01 <0.15-0.15 <0.05-1.1 dw Gamberg 1996 1996 (Rock ptarmigan) Liver 2 1995 19881988 (Oldsquaw) Kidney 1 5.75-87.3 dw and Lubinsky 1993 Snyder-Conn 1996 1988 (Rock Ptarmigan) Kidney 18 1988 19881988 Feather 46 0.645-4.64 dw and Lubinsky 1993 Snyder-Conn VariousVarious 1988-1994 Canada Goose, Snow 1991-1994 Muscle ptarmigan Willow 240 0.04-0.0.83 Muscle 41 0.07-0.21 Various 1991-1994 Rock ptarmigan Muscle 37 <0.03-<0.10 0.06-0.24 CWS 1996 Canada Yukon/NWT 1995 Location Latitude Longitude Year Species Age USA Arctic Nat. Wildlife 1988 Refuge, Alaska 1988 (Pectoral sandpiper) Liver 46 <0.150-2.78 <2.2-6.2 dw and Lubinsky 1993 Snyder-Conn Table 7·A3. Metals in terrestrial and aquatic birds. Table ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 460 AMAP Assessment Report . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al CWS 1996 CWS 1996 1995 Wren 1995 Wren 1995 Wren 1995 Wren 1995 Wren 1995 Wren CWS 1996 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 CWS 1996 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Concentration, µg/g wet weight (unless otherwise stated) 84 0.10-0.13 0.30 23 0.64 0.03-0.20 2 418 <0.03-<0.10 <0.01 0.13 6 0.01-0.05 CWS 1996 1423 0.03-0.35 <0.04-<0.05 51 <0.03-<0.08 2724 0.07-0.58 20 <0.04-<0.06 12 <0.03-<0.04 2114 <0.01-<0.06 <0.03-<0.10 0.07-1.23 <0.03-<0.04 231313 <0.02-<0.06 33 0.06-0.44 17 <0.07-<0.14 2525 0.02-0.50 50 <0.03-<0.12 0.03-0.21 10 <0.03-0.12 23 <0.01-<0.20 34 <0.10 13 0.05-0.87 2621 0.02-0.12 <0.03-<0.05 0.01-0.08 <0.05-<0.10 231219 CWS 1996 <0.03-<0.07 25 0.06-0.17 <0.02-<0.08 <0.06-<0.22 Tissue n, sex Cadmium Lead Mercury Selenium Remarks Reference a A Kidney 4 6.6 Lagopus lagopus Sør-Varanger, PasvikSør-Varanger, 1991 A Liver 11 9.1 0.43 0.029 0.62 dw Kålas Sør-Varanger, PasvikSør-Varanger, 1991 J Liver 4 0.79 0.44 0.033 0.67 dw Kålas Sør-Varanger, NeidenSør-Varanger, 1991 A Liver 7 4.1 0.61 0.024 0.56 dw Kålas Sør-Varanger, N-VarangerSør-Varanger, 1991 A Liver 5 4.9 1.47 0.032 0.93 dw Kålas Sør-Varanger, SvanvikSør-Varanger, 1991 A Liver 3 6.9 0.75 0.035 0.85 dw Kålas Sør-Varanger, SvanvikSør-Varanger, 1991 J Liver 3 1.44 1.28 0.019 0.66 dw Kålas Sør-Varanger, JarfjordSør-Varanger, 1991 A Liver 14 7.2 0.56 0.027 0.78 dw Kålas Sør-Varanger, JarfjordSør-Varanger, 1991 J Liver 8 0.75 1.09 0.027 0.73 dw Kålas Finmark County (Ref. Area) 1991 A Kidney 9 46 0.45 0.086 dw Kålas Sør-Varanger, PasvikSør-Varanger, 1991 A Kidney 11 121 0.46 0.085 dw Kålas Sør-Varanger, NeidenSør-Varanger, 1991 A Kidney 7 52 0.53 0.062 dw Kålas Sør-Varanger, N-VarangerSør-Varanger, 1991 A Kidney 5 88 0.81 0.077 dw Kålas Sør-Varanger, SvanvikSør-Varanger, 1991 A Kidney 3 109 0.87 0.093 dw Kålas Norway Jarfjord/NeidenJarfjord/NeidenSortlandSortlandSulitjelmaSulitjelma JarfjordSør-Varanger, 67°N 67°N 16°E 16°E 1986-1987 1986-1987 1986-1987 1986-1987 ptarmigan) (Willow 1991 1986-1987 1986-1987 J Kidney 6 A J A 2.4 Kidney A J Kidney Kidney Kidney Kidney 5 4 5 14 39 5 4.3 10.4 87 1.1 0.9 0.08 dw Kålas VariousVariousVariousVarious 1993-1994 Spruce grouse and Ruffed 1989-1993Various Merganser Muscle 1991-1994 32 LoonVarious <0.05-<0.16 1988-1994 <0.02-<0.04 Pintail 0.05-0.49 MuscleVarious 1988-1994 Mallard 19 Muscle 1988-1994 Scaup 26 0.37-1.02 Muscle 0.30-1.93 CWS 1996 45 1989-1994 0.44-1.51 Muscle Teal 0.17-2.1 37 0.21-1.0 Muscle 12 0.45-0.93 Muscle CWS 1996 39 CWS 1996 <0.06-<0.11 0.04-0.62 0.18-1.16 CWS 1996 Location Latitude Longitude Year Species Age Various Various 1993-1994 Widgeon Muscle 16 <0.05-<0.09 <0.03 CWS 1996 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Chapter 7 · Heavy Metals 461 .1996 .1996 .1996 .1996 .1996 .1996 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al Melnikov 1994 –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– LiverKidney 6 3 13±7 56±52 0.80±0.38 0.73±0.30Liver 0.04±0.01Kidney 0.08±0.03 3.6 23

d.l.1 Pb value >d.l. Gamberg 1996 3 Pb values >d.l. Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1996 11 Hg values >d.l. Gamberg 1996 7 Pb values >d.l.2 Pb values >d.l. Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1996 35 Hg values >d.l.21 Hg values >d.l. Gamberg 1996 46 Pb values >d.l. 30 Cd values >d.l. Gamberg 1996 24 Pb values >d.l.19 Hg values >d.l. 24 Gamberg 1996 Se values >d.l.Range of means Gamberg 1996 Gamberg and Sheuh. 1994 Pooled samples Gamberg 1996 Pooled sample Gamberg 1996 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** * * * * * * * ** * * * * * * * * * * * * 1.1-2.6 (1.8) 2.5-5.9 (3.3) ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Concentration, µg/g wet weight (unless otherwise indicated by asterisks under Remarks) 4-24 (14.06±2.27)5-58 (31.98±5.89) 0.13-0.69 (0.42±0.07) 0.9-1.4 (1.25±0.05) 1.2-6.6 (3.69±0.62) 0.15-1.1 (0.47±0.10) 1.2-4 (2.56±0.25) d.l.-0.85 (0.25±0.08)1.1-7.9 (4.39±0.71) 0.52-1.28 (0.92±0.08) 1-11 (5.83±1.00) 1.3-7.9 (3.38±0.73)2.1-4.7 (3.42±0.27)0.6-4 (1.35±0.32) 0.35-1.03 (0.58±0.08) 0.05-0.22 (0.07±0.02) 0.05-0.43 (0.12±0.04) 0.19-0.55 (0.37±0.04) 0.18-0.75 (0.49±0.06) 0.3-1.6 (0.98±0.14) 0.27-1.7 (0.61±0.13)6-89 (42.71±9.25) 0.16-0.39 (0.22±0.02) 0.2-1.4 (0.56±0.13) 0.05-0.19 (0.06±0.01) 0.25-0.74 (0.39±0.05) 1.2-2.8 (1.88±0.19) 7-95 (40) 0.09-3.6 (0.49) 0.4-2.9 (1.6)1.6-13.2 (5.6) 3.2-10 (4.8) 0.12-0.34 (0.20) 0.07-0.66 (0.33) 1-3.7 (2.1) 2.5-5.8 (4.5) <0.8-<0.9 <3.2-<3.7 0.7-4.7 (2.24±0.47) 1.5-4.2 (2.64±0.27) 0.08-1.3 (0.38±0.11) 4-19 (9.41±1.73) 0.13-1.5 (0.48±0.13) 0.27-1 (0.87±0.12) 3-71 <0.01-4.7 <0.05 <3.9 7-108 (38)7-92 (30) 0.01-0.77 (0.38)7-114 (44) <0.9-<1.31.1-8.3 (3.2)5-22 (13) <1.1-35.73.1, 7.73-64 (9)1.1-9.7 (3.9) 0.9-2.5 (1.5) 0.3-0.8 (0.6) 4.5-8 (6.4) 1.7-4.8 (3.5) 0.36-1.49 (0.70) <3.8-<5.2) 1.8-5.4 (3.2) <0.7-<0.91.3-15.2 (5.7) 0.6, 0.7 0.26-0.71 (0.40) 0.26-1.2 (0.62) 0.10-0.25 (0.16) <4.3-<5.3 <0.8-3.3 (1.1) 0.4-1.9 (1.2) <0.05-0.40 (0.18) 0.2, 0.5 0.6-1.4 (0.9) 0.9-2.1 (1.2) 0.9, 1.7 0.8-2.0 (1.4) <2.8-<3.8 <3.1-<4.0 5-26 (9.68±1.27) d.l.-0.23 (0.11±0.02) 0.27-1 (0.52±0.04) 0.05-2.7 (1.96±0.14) 0.03-1.2 (0.38±0.07) 0.02-0.61 (0.16±0.03) 1.9-8.7 (4.6)1.7-19.6 (9.6) <0.9-1.07 0.9-2.7 (1.6) 1-3.1 (1.8) <3.5-<4.2 0.2-1380 <0.01-11.4 <0.05-0.74 2.6-11.8 0.3-57 <0.01-13.4 <0.05-0.14 0.8-19.2 19-35 (30) <1.1-<1.4 0.9-1.7 (1.3) <4.3-<5.5) 10-63 (33.87±6.06)12-45 (18.79±3.291)2 0.01-0.53 (0.33±0.06) d.l.-0.2 (0.10±0.02) 1.8-3.2 (2.22±0.13) 1.9-4.3 (2.93±0.21) 14-59 (30.96±4.23) 0.05-0.45 (0.10±0.04) 1-2.7 (2.16±0.19) 10-19 (14.54±0.89)<3 0.1-1.4 (0.44±0.13) 1.3-3.1 (2.17±0.18) <13 <50 <0.18-7.9 0.03-16.640-326 <0.02-0.36 <0.01-4.8 <3.5-6.4 <0.05-3.8 <3.3-4.3 <1-<2 <5-<8 <20-<30 <0.01-2.2 0.04-26 <0.05 <3.3-5.0 51-371 (115)11-176 (54) 0.24-1.66 (0.77) 0.02-6.17 (0.11) <0.5-0.84 (0.17) 3-7.5 (5.4) 5.9-10.3 (7.8) <3 <13 <50 13-62 (37)44-473 (121) <1.1-14.7 (3.0) 0.9-2.9 (1.5) 2.3-3.1 (2.7) 1.5-5.8 (3.3) <4.4-<5.6 3-9.4 (7.7) <0.01-0.51 <0.01-62.5 <0.05-0.31 <0.05-0.19 60-882 (192) 0.22-1.24 (0.51) 2.26-6.76 (3.94) 2.50-8.23 (4.68) 33, 39 0.6, 2.9 3.1, 2.9 4.2, 5.2 ) 0.68-1.5 (1.06±0.08) 0.16-2 (0.62±0.17) 0.13-0.36 (0.23±0.03) ) 5-12 (7.40±0.68) 0.19-0.59 (0.32±0.04) 0.5-1.9 (1.05±0.15) + + + + , 10 , 10 , 1 , 5 , 8 , 5 , 5 , 5 , 2 , 5 , 4 , 4 , 2 , 5 , 4 , 5 , 2 + + , 50 , 1 , 5 , 2 LiverMuscleLiver 8 Liver 8Muscle <0.16-<0.19 4 <0.1±0.1 0.81-64 0.3 1 <3.3-<3.8 <3.3 Bone 2 Liver 64 0.23-1.2 (0.7) Kidney 8Kidney <0.2±0.1 4 168.7±100.9 , 1 Kidney 19 a 1-81-8 Liver Muscle 59 36 2-10 Kidney 19 Age 0.5 (1) Kidney 2 (Muskrat) Bone 2 (Muskox) 2-4 Kidney 60 <0.1-13.1 (11.6) (Caribou) (Moose) 2, 4 Bone 2 Alces alces Finlayson Herd 0.5 (1) Liver 2 Erethrizon dorsatum Bathurst HerdBathurst Herd 3-11 Kidney 10 3-11 Liver 10 Ovibos moschatus Ondatra zibethicus Rangifer tarandus (Jul., Sep.) (Jul., Sep.) 19931993 Bonnet Plume Herd19921994 Finlayson Herd1995 Porcupine Herd1991 1-11 Kidney1993 2-101992 21 1993 1-9 Kidney Bonnet Plume Herd1992 Finlayson Herd1994 Kidney 20 1995 Finlayson Herd Porcupine Herd1991 16 1-11 0.5-7 Liver 2-12 Kidney 2-10 4-10 Liver 21 1-9 14 Kidney Liver Kidney 29 Liver 16 20 20 16 2-7 4-10 Liver Liver Liver 13 18 20 1993-19961993 1993-1995 (Porcupine) Kidney Kidney 8 4 199319921993 Herd Tay 199319921993 2-11 6-7 Kidney Herd Tay Kidney 20 4 Kidney 10 2-11 6-7 Liver Liver 20 4 Liver 10 1993-19951993 1-8 Kidney 1 (Holman) 1973 Muscle 3 0.017±0.006 Smith and Armstrong 1975 Victoria Island Victoria IslandPrince of Wales 73°06'N IslandPrince of Wales 73°06'N 97°41'WBathurst Range 97°41'WArviat 1978Southampton Is 1978Cape Dorset 64°15'NLake Harbour 113°07'WBathurst Range 64°08'N 1992 Arviat 83°10'WCape Dorset 64°14'N 1991 (Nov.) 62°51'NLake Harbour 61°07'N 64°15'N 76°32'W 1973 69°53'WInuvik, NWT 94°04'W 113°07'W 1992 (Apr.)NWT 1992 (Apr.) 1992 1992 (Feb.) NWTCambridge Bay, 64°14'N Arviat Herd 62°51'N NWTTaloyoak, 76°32'W 69°53'WPond Inlet, NWT 61°07'N 1992 (Apr.)Inuvik, NWT 94°04'W 1992 (Apr.)NWT 1992 (Apr.) NWTCambridge Bay, Arviat Herd NWTTaloyoak, Pond Inlet, NWTYukon/NWT 2-10 1.5-5.5 1993 (Nov.) Liver Kidney Kidney Kidney 1994 (March) 2-12 2-10 10 2-7 1993 (Sept.) 5 2 5 1993 (Apr.) Kidney 1993 (Nov.) Liver 1994 (Apr.) Kidney 2-12 1993 (March) Beverly Herd 2-7 5 5 Liver 1993 (Sept.) 10 Liver 1993 (Apr.) Liver 1993 (Apr.) 3 1993 Beverly Herd 5 5 1-13 4-11 Liver Liver 3.00 5-9 2.80 1-13 Liver 4-11 6 5 Liver Kidney Liver Kidney 8 5-9 4 6 F, Kidney 6 5 10 ( Kidney 8 Kidney 6 10 ( 0.20±0.036 Smith and Armstrong 1975 Banks Island/ Victoria Is.Banks Island/ Victoria 1985-1990 Location Latitude Longitude Year Species years Tissue n, sex Cadmium Lead Mercury Selenium Remarks Canada Yukon/NWT 1992 Finlayson Herd 2-12 Kidney 30 Table 7·A4. Metals in terrestrial mammals. Table ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Chapter 7 · Heavy Metals 463 Gamberg 1995 Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1995 Gamberg 1995 Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1995 Gamberg 1995 Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1996 Elkin 1994 Elkin 1994 Elkin 1994 Elkin 1994 Elkin 1994 Elkin 1994 Elkin 1994 Poole and Elkin 1995 Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1996 Poole and Elkin 1995 Poole and Elkin 1995 Poole and Elkin 1995 Poole and Elkin 1995 Poole and Elkin 1995 Poole and Elkin 1995 Poole and Elkin 1995 Poole and Elkin 1995 Poole and Elkin 1995 Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1995 Gamberg 1995 Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1996 Pooled sample Gamberg 1996 Pooled sample Gamberg 1996 Pooled sample Gamberg 1996 Pooled sample Gamberg 1996 Pooled sample Gamberg 1996 Pooled sample Gamberg 1996 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** * * * * * * * * ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** * * * * * * * * (<0.7-<2.8) n.d.-0.140.03-0.67 0.05-0.05 0.05-0.11 0.0103-0.0618 0.0378-0.3596 1-2562-33 0.01-1.8 0.18-0.60 <0.02-0.24 <0.05-0.22 <4.4-10.3 1.5-8.3 0.27-0.790.80-2.49 n.d.-0.18 n.d.-0.36 0.14-0.31 0.06-0.78 0.7-538 <0.01-2.9 <0.05-1.4 0.3-12.4 0.7-8.20.12-0.7 <0.55-0.9 <0.3-<10 0.18-0.49 <2.2-<3.1 <1-<29 0.09-10.2 <0.01-37.20.6-155 <0.05-0.400.5-6.5 0.2-0.91.5-21.90.4-3.8 0.7-8.7 <1.3-<2.5 <0.03-13.7 0.03-5.6 0.03-1.3 1.1-7.3 0.08-0.65 0.1-3.6 <0.05-4.0 <3.6 2.7-9.1 1.5-5.4 5.8-30 <1.2-1.8 0.11-0.55 <5.2 6-1660.05-8.9 <0.01-1.6 0.01-0.67 <0.05-0.54 <0.01-1.74 <1.7-7.5 1.5-3.8 0.4, 0.5 <1, 3.3 <2, <4 0.4, <0.5 <3, <2 <8, <10 <0.01-0.04 <0.01-0.11 <0.05-0.16 <0.05-3.5 <2 <8 <30 <2 <8-<10<0.2-1.2<0.2-16.9 <1-4<0.2-1.1<0.01-0.14 <1-2.8 <30-<40 <0.9 <0.01-2.8 <0.05-0.19 <4-<8 0.2-5.6 <3.2-<6.7 <2.6-6.1 <0.12-0.5<0.16-0.4 <0.7 <0.8 <0.01-2.4 <2.6 <1-<3 <3.8 <3 <5-<13 <13 <20-<50 <50 <2 <8, <10 <30, <40 ) 0.15-2.21 0.12-0.68 0.01-0.16 + + + , 8 , 8 , 10 , 10 , 4 , 4 , 6 , 6 , 2 + , 9 , 10 . 2 , 5 , 5 , 5 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 Kidney 18Kidney 20.7±16.2 5 15.3±6.3 Liver 4 38.4±24.3 LiverKidney 10 ( 10Kidney 0.74-7.68 20 3.21±0.34 0.15-0.65 0.23±0.04 0.02-0.26 MuscleLiver 4 17Muscle <0.18-<0.20Liver 2 2.4±2.1 <0.92-<1 5 <0.17, <0.19Muscle 8 5.1±3.0 <0.9 <0.2-0.4Muscle 11 <3.8, <3.5 <0.9-2 <3.7-<4.0 <0.01-0.11 <0.01-0.3 <0.05-0.23 <0.05-7.2 <3.6-<4.1 LiverLiver 23Liver 20Liver 10Liver 20Liver 16Liver 10Liver 4Liver 4 6MuscleKidneyLiver 2 8 7 1.16±0.13 <0.22 129.7±99.1 1.84±0.20 17.0±10.2 1.35±0.15 2.17±0.29 <1.1 3.30±0.65 1.07±0.37 1.45±0.53 0.12±0.05 2.44±0.37 Poole and Elkin 1995 Poole and Elkin 1995 <4.3 Poole and Elkin 1995 Poole and Elkin 1995 Poole and Elkin 1995 Poole and Elkin 1995 Poole and Elkin 1995 Poole and Elkin 1995 Poole and Elkin 1995 Bone 2 Bone 6 1 Bone 2 1-61-6 Kidney Liver 8 7 8.5-9.5 Kidney 4 (Beaver) 2-3 Bone 5 (Arctic fox) Liver 7 0.24±0.15 Smith and Armstrong 1975 (Mink) Bone 1 spp. Bone 2 (Wolf) 1-5 Bone 9 (Dall sheep) 9 Bone 2 (American marten) Liver 20 0.28±0.03 Poole and Elkin 1995 Mustela erminea Mustela vison Martes americana Alopex lagopus Castor canadensis Ovis dalli Lepus americanus Spermophilio hudsonicus Tauriasciurus Canis lupus 1993 1993 1993 1993-19951993-19951994, 1995 (Snowshoe hare)1993 1993, 19951993, 1995 (Ground squirrel) Kidney1993 1993, 1995 29 (Red squirrel)1993 Kidney1993 Liver1993 Muscle1993 9 1993, 19941993, 1994 7 28 (Short-tailed weasel) Kidney Liver 1 18 9 Kidney 8 1-6 Liver 1-6 1 Kidney1993 Liver 16 Liver1993 10 1993 11 8 199319931993 Kidney Liver Muscle 2 Kidney 2 2 Liver Muscle 2 2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.9 <0.9 <3.7 <3.7 Bathurst Range, NWT 1992-1993Inuvik, NWT Kidney 1992 1.1 0.11 0.14 Kidney 23 0.84±0.24 1.07±0.36 Vicoria IslandVicoria IslandVicoria IslandVicoria Fort Good Hope, NWT 1991-1994 1973 1973 1973 Muscle Liver Muscle 7 16 16 0.051±0.027 0.76±1.12 0.31±0.54 Smith and Armstrong 1975 Smith and Armstrong 1975 Smith and Armstrong 1975 Bathurst Range, NWTCambridge BayInuvik Bathurst Range, NWTCambridge BayInuvik IslandVicoria 1992 (Jan.) 1992 (Jan.) 1993 (Oct.) 1993 (Oct.) 1973 0.5-4 Liver 0.5-4 Kidney 4 6 F, 4 6 F, Liver Kidney 6 6 Inuvik, NWTInuvik, NWTFort Good Hope, NWTFort Rae, NWTFort Providence, NWTFort Liard, NWTFort Resolution, NWT 1991-1994 1993Fort Smith, NWT 1994Yukon/NWT 1991-1994 1991-1994 1991-1994 1991-1994 1991-1994 Kidney 20 Kidney Kidney Kidney 20 Kidney 0.90±0.19 10 10 16 Kidney Kidney/ 0.50±0.12 4 4 0.20±0.07 0.20±0.05 1.12±0.45 0.27±0.11 Kidney 1.10±0.02 6 3.62±1.94 0.83±0.32 0.20±0.04 0.09±0.02 0.99±0.18 0.14±0.05 0.17±0.10 0.22±0.12 0.09±0.03 Yukon/NWT 1993 Bone 1 464 AMAP Assessment Report . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al (and pers. comm.) et al et al et al et al Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1995 Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1996 geometric means Riget geometric means Riget geometric means Riget geometric means Riget * * * * * * * * * * * * *** *** *** *** ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Concentration, µg/g wet weight (unless otherwise indicated by asterisks under Remarks) 0.3-3 0.8-1.3 <3.6 1.2 <1.1 0.3 <4.5 <3 <13 <50 <0.13<0.17 <0.9 <0.9 <2.7 <3.4 MuscleKidney 2LiverMuscle 1 1 1 <0.19LiverKidney 1 1 <1 45.8 6.2 0.07 <3.9 <0.05 4.1 44 Liver Muscle <0.2 6.4 <1 <0.8 <3.2 <3.9 8.5-9.5 Liver 5 (Reindeer) A Muscle 15 0.01±0.004 <0.006 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala (Reindeer) Muscle 8 0.003 0.026 0.156 0.90 (Lynx) 4 Bone <3 <13 <50 (Red fox) Bone 1 (Hoary marmot) Liver 3 0.22-1.5 0.14-0.98 <0.05-0.10 0.07-0.55 Rangifer tarandus Rangifer tarandus Vulpes vulpes Vulpes canadensis Lynx Marmota caligata Finland Southern Lapland 1990-1991 Denmark (Greenland) Isortoq 60°59'N 47°30.6'W March 1995 Location Latitude Longitude Year Species Age, years Tissue n, sex Cadmium Lead Mercury Selenium Remarks Reference IsortoqSouthern LaplandSouthern LaplandSouthern Lapland LaplandWestern LaplandWestern LaplandWestern LaplandWestern Eastern LaplandEastern LaplandEastern Lapland March 1995Eastern LaplandNorthern Lapland 1990-1991Northern Lapland 1990-1991Northern Lapland 1990-1991Finnish Lapland 1990-1991Finnish Lapland 1990-1991Finnish Lapland 1990-1991Southern Lapland 1990-1991Southern Lapland 1990-1991Southern Lapland 1990-1991Southern Lapland 1990-1991Southern Lapland 1990-1991Southern Lapland 1991-1992Southern Lapland 1991-1992 LaplandWestern 1991-1992 LaplandWestern A Liver 1990-1991 LaplandWestern A 1990-1991 LaplandWestern A Muscle 1990-1991 LaplandWestern 1990-1991 A Liver 7 LaplandWestern 1990-1991 A Kidney 6 LaplandWestern 1990-1991 A MuscleEastern Lapland 1990-1991 A 30 Muscle 30Eastern Lapland 1991-1992 A LiverEastern Lapland 7 1991-1992 1.42 A KidneyEastern Lapland 8 1991-1992 AEastern Lapland Muscle 1990-1991 A 30Eastern Lapland A 30 Muscle 1990-1991Eastern Lapland A Liver 6 1990-1991Northern Lapland A Kidney 4 Muscle 1990-1991Northern Lapland Liver 1991-1992 ANorthern Lapland 19 2.23 Kidney 19 1991-1992 15 AFinnish Lapland 1991-1992 AFinnish Lapland Muscle 24 J 24 1990-1991Finnish Lapland Liver <.01 J 1990-1991 Kidney 11 J 0.16±0.11 1990-1991 0.27±0.09 Muscle J 1990-1991 Muscle 11 11 J 0.01±0.004 1991-1992 Liver <0.01 3 J 2.06 1991-1992 Kidney 12 J 1991-1992 0.36±0.18 Muscle <0.006 1991-1992 0.28±0.08 <0.006 J <0.006 Muscle 30 1991-1992 30 <0.006 J 0.01±0.005 Kidney 1991-1992 24 <0.01 J 6 Muscle J 1990-1991 0.37±0.15 Muscle 24 <0.006 0.34±0.10 <0.006 0.02±0.006 <0.006 J 1990-1991 Liver 3.27 5 J 1990-1991 <0.006 Kidney 0.43±0.28 10 0.29±0.09 J Muscle J Muscle 30 0.12±0.18 30 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 J Kidney 17 J 0.49±0.28 13 0.50±0.21 Muscle <0.006 J <0.006 30 Muscle 0.01 <0.01 J Liver 6 <0.006 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 J d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Kidney 10 0.13±0.06 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 J 0.33±0.09 J Muscle d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 <0.006 <0.006 0.01±0.004 J Muscle 32 32 <0.01 Rintala J Kidney Rintala 21 Muscle 0.22±0.07 Rintala d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 9 Liver Rintala J <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 Kidney 46 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 0.01±0.004 <0.01 15 <0.006 J J Muscle Rintala 24 Rintala Rintala 24 0.17±0.09 0.25±0.08 Liver d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 <0.006 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala 0.01 Kidney <0.006 35 <0.006 <0.01 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 0.15±0.05 35 35 Rintala Rintala Rintala Rintala <0.006 <0.006 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 <0.006 0.01±0.004 <0.01 Rintala Rintala d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 0.28±0.08 0.25±0.07 <0.006 <0.006 Rintala <0.006 0.01±0.005 <0.006 <0.01 Rintala d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 0.20±0.08 0.02±0.01 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 0.36±0.16 0.18±0.03 Rintala Rintala Rintala d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala Rintala d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 0.09±0.06 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 0.42±0.15 0.55±0.37 Rintala <0.006 <0.006 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala Rintala <0.006 Rintala Rintala d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 <0.006 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala <0.006 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala Rintala Rintala d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala Rintala d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala Rintala d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala Rintala d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala Rintala Rintala d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala Rintala Rintala Itinnera Sept. 1995 Liver 6 0.875 0.392 0.168 0.55 Yukon/NWT Itinnera 64°38'N 50°38'W Sept. 1995 Muscle 6 0.003 0.023 0.011 0.33 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Chapter 7 · Heavy Metals 465 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 1995a 1995a 1995a 1995a 1995a 1995a 1995a 1995a 1995a 1995a et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al. et al. et al. et al. et al. et al. et al. et al. et al. et al. Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Venäläinen Kålås Kålås Kålås Kålås Kålås Kålås Kålås Kålås Kålås Kålås *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** (European hare) Muscle 2 0.003 (Mountain hare) Muscle 7 0.010±0.007 sp. (Hare) J Kidney 14 3.9 0.67 0.17 Lepus timidus Lepus europaeus Lepus N. Finland 1980-1982 N. Finland 1980-1982 Liver 36 0.390±0.300 N. Finland 1980-1982 Kidney 35 4.55±4.04 N. Finland 1992-1993 Muscle 8 0.005±0.004 N. Finland 1992-1993 Liver 8 0.185±0.107 N. Finland 1992-1993 Kidney 7 3.73±3.16 N. Finland 1980-1982 Muscle 7 0.09±0.05 N. Finland 1980-1982 Liver 35 0.59±0.34 N. Finland 1980-1982 Kidney 35 0.71±0.60 N. Finland 1992-1993 Muscle 4 0.04±0.01 N. Finland 1992-1993 Liver 8 0.23±0.29 N. Finland 1992-1993 Kidney 7 0.21±0.06 N. Finland 1980-1982 Northern Lapland 1991-1992 J Kidney 24 1.03±0.52 <0.006 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala N. Finland 1980-1982 Liver 15 0.171±0.153 N. Finland 1980-1982 Kidney 13 1.46±1.07 N. Finland 1992-1993 Muscle 3 0.001 N. Finland 1992-1993 Liver 3 0.057±0.029 N. Finland 1992-1993 Kidney 3 0.627±0.439 N. Finland 1980-1982 Muscle 2 0.08±0.05 N. Finland 1980-1982 Liver 14 0.47±0.14 N. Finland 1980-1982 Kidney 15 0.76±0.73 N. Finland 1992-1993 Muscle 3 0.01±0.01 N. Finland 1992-1993 Liver 3 0.06±0.01 N. Finland 1992-1993 Kidney 3 0.05±0.01 Norway JarfjordSør-Varanger, 1991-1993 Northern Lapland 1991-1992 J Liver 24 0.310±0.096 <0.006 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala Northern Lapland 1991-1992 J Muscle 15 0.002±0.001 <0.006 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala Eastern Lapland 1991-1992 J Kidney 46 0.938±0.383 <0.006 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala Eastern Lapland 1991-1992 J Muscle 30 0.002±0.001 <0.006 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala Eastern Lapland 1990-1991 J Kidney 32 1.22±1.02 <0.006 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala Eastern Lapland 1990-1991 J Liver 32 0.388±0.254 <0.006 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala Eastern Lapland 1990-1991 J Muscle 3 <0.001 <0.006 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala Eastern Lapland 1990-1991 J Muscle 13 0.002±0.001 <0.006 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala Western LaplandWestern 1991-1992 J Kidney 30 0.650±0.298 <0.006 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala Western LaplandWestern 1991-1992 J Muscle 3 <0.001 <0.006 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala Western LaplandWestern 1991-1992 J Muscle 27 0.001 <0.006 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala Western LaplandWestern 1990-1991 J Kidney 30 0.903±0.308 <0.006 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala Western LaplandWestern 1990-1991 J Liver 30 0.233±0.076 <0.006 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala Western LaplandWestern 1990-1991 J Muscle 1 <0.001 <0.006 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala Western LaplandWestern 1990-1991 J Muscle 16 0.001 <0.006 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala Southern Lapland 1991-1992 J Kidney 30 0.538±0.193 <0.006 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala Southern Lapland 1991-1992 J Muscle 30 0.001±0.001 <0.006 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala Southern Lapland 1990-1991 J Kidney 30 0.525±0.206 <0.006 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala Southern Lapland 1990-1991 J Liver 30 0.190±0.073 <0.006 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala Southern Lapland 1990-1991 J Muscle 5 <0.001 <0.006 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala Southern Lapland 1990-1991 J Muscle 10 0.001 <0.006 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala Northern Lapland 1991-1992 A Kidney 24 2.84±3.32 <0.006 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala Northern Lapland 1991-1992 A Liver 24 0.546±0.431 <0.006 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala Northern Lapland 1991-1992 A Muscle 15 0.006±0.004 <0.006 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala Eastern Lapland 1990-1991 A Kidney 19 4.25±3.98 <0.006 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala Eastern Lapland 1990-1991 A Liver 19 0.958±0.537 <0.006 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala Eastern Lapland 1990-1991 A Muscle 10 0.003±0.002 <0.006 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala Western LaplandWestern 1990-1991 A Kidney 30 4.62±4.41 <0.006 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala Western LaplandWestern 1990-1991 A Liver 30 0.758±0.483 <0.006 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala Western LaplandWestern 1990-1991 A Muscle 15 0.003±0.004 <0.006 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala Southern Lapland 1990-1991 A Kidney 30 1.72±1.55 <0.006 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala Southern Lapland 1990-1991 A Liver 30 0.402±0.358 <0.006 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala Southern Lapland 1990-1991 A Muscle 14 0.002±0.001 <0.006 d.l. (Hg) = 0.005 Rintala Sør-Varanger, JarfjordSør-Varanger, N-VarangerSør-Varanger, NeidenSør-Varanger, NeidenSør-Varanger, Finnmark County (Reference Area)Finnmark County (Reference Area) JarfjordSør-Varanger, JarfjordSør-Varanger, N-VarangerSør-Varanger, 1991-1993 1991-1993 1991-1993 1991-1993 1991-1993 1991-1993 1991-1993 1991-1993 1991-1993 A J A A Kidney Kidney Kidney J Kidney A 3 3 4 2 Kidney Kidney J A A 3 2 99 Liver 1.9 33 Liver 16 Liver 14 1.9 3 47 4 0.53 0.15 5 0.34 1.7 0.4 0.52 0.33 0.2 0.52 0.065 0.176 0.145 0.67 0.359 0.65 0.212 0.734 0.025 0.055 0.024 0.79 1.69 0.8 466 AMAP Assessment Report 1995a 1995a 1995a 1995a 1995a 1995a 1995a 1995a 1995a 1995a 1995a 1995a 1995a 1995a 1995a 1995a . 1986 . 1986 . 1986 . 1986 et al et al et al et al et al. et al. et al. et al. et al. et al. et al. et al. et al. et al. et al. et al. et al. et al. et al. et al. Frøslie Frøslie Frøslie Kålås Kålås Kålås Kålås Kålås Kålås Kålås Kålås Kålås Kålås Kålås Kålås Kålås Kålås Kålås Kålås Olsson ( pers. comm. 1997) Olsson ( pers. comm. 1997) Olsson ( pers. comm. 1997) Olsson ( pers. comm. 1997) Olsson ( pers. comm. 1997) Olsson ( pers. comm. 1997) Olsson ( pers. comm. 1997) Olsson ( pers. comm. 1997) Olsson ( pers. comm. 1997) Olsson ( pers. comm. 1997) Olsson ( pers. comm. 1997) Olsson ( pers. comm. 1997) Olsson ( pers. comm. 1997) Olsson ( pers. comm. 1997) Olsson ( pers. comm. 1997) Olsson ( pers. comm. 1997) Olsson ( pers. comm. 1997) Olsson ( pers. comm. 1997) Olsson ( pers. comm. 1997) Olsson ( pers. comm. 1997) Olsson ( pers. comm. 1997) Olsson ( pers. comm. 1997) Frøslie G.mean (95% c.i) G.mean (95% c.i) G.mean (95% c.i) G.mean (95% c.i) G.mean (95% c.i) G.mean (95% c.i) G.mean (95% c.i) G.mean (95% c.i) G.mean (95% c.i) G.mean (95% c.i) G.mean (95% c.i) G.mean (95% c.i) G.mean (95% c.i) G.mean (95% c.i) G.mean (95% c.i) G.mean (95% c.i) G.mean (95% c.i) G.mean (95% c.i) G.mean (95% c.i) G.mean (95% c.i) G.mean (95% c.i) G.mean (95% c.i) *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Concentration, µg/g wet weight (unless otherwise indicated by asterisks under Remarks) Kidney 52 0.3-10/1.5 Kidney 73 <0.1-8.7/1.4 Liver 2 0.21±0.20 <0.20 0.03±0.008 Liver 3 0.23±.0.11 0.22±0.12 0.187±0.248 A Liver 6 1.67 1/5 0.027 1.68 (Reindeer) Muscle 10 10.6 (6.08-18.6) 20.8 (13.7-31.7) 2.66 (1.94-3.65) (Reindeer) Liver 52 0.1-1.7/0.4 (Reindeer) Muscle 1 0.05 0.32 0.01 RCMA 1995 (mountain hare) J Liver 4 0.23±0.19 0.18±0.11 0.013±0.003 (Common shrew) A Liver 5 1.76 3/5 3/5 4.58 (Moose) Liver 89 <0.1-1.4/0.2 (Bank fole) (grey-sided vole) Rangifer tarandus Rangifer tarandus Rangifer tarandus Clethrionomys rufocanis Clethrionomys rufocanis Sorex araneus Lepus timidus Clethrionomys glareolus Alces alces 1993 A Liver 1 22.6 0.18 0.309 Sweden Abisko 68°33N 18°80E 1983 N. Norway N. Norway AbiskoAbiskoAbiskoAbiskoAbiskoAbiskoAbisko 68°33NAbisko 68°33N 18°80EAbisko 68°33N 18°80EAbisko 68°33N 1983 18°80EAbisko 68°33N 1984 18°80EAbisko 68°33N 1984 18°80EAbisko 68°33N 1985 18°80EAbisko 68°33N 1985 18°80EAbisko 68°33N 1986 18°80EAbisko 68°33N 1986 18°80EAbisko 68°33N 1987 18°80EAbisko 68°33N 1987 18°80EAbisko 68°33N 1988 18°80EAbisko 68°33N 1988 18°80EAbisko 68°33N 1989 18°80E 68°33N 1989 18°80ERussia 68°33N 1990 18°80E PeninsulaYugorskiy 68°33N 1990 18°80E 68°33N 70°13',0N 1991 18°80E 72°22',2E 68°33N 1991 5 July 1995 18°80E 68°33N 1992 18°80E 1992 18°80E 1993 Liver 1993 Muscle Liver Muscle 10 10 Liver Muscle 10 10 Liver 420 (360-490) 10.5 (7.64-14.4) Muscle 10 10 Liver 414 (309-555) 15.8 (12.5-19.9) Muscle 10 10 303 (244-375) Liver 9.83 (3.93-24.6) 376 (302-469) 14.7 (12.2-17.8) Muscle 10 10 29.2 (21.1-40.4) 182 (129-256) Liver 284 (228-354) 2.62 (1.97-3.46) 23.6 (19.1-29.1) Muscle 10 10 55.2 (43.5-70.0) 27.1 (22.5-32.5) 243 (156-378) Liver 350 (273-448) 0.800 (0.368-1.74) Muscle 10 10 9.86 (8.28-11.7) 65.7 (47.1-91.7) 48.8 (38.3-62.1) Liver 81.9 (59.9-112) 446 (359-555) 0.292 (0.215-0.395) Muscle 10 10 9.08 (7.10-11.6) 50.2 (37.3-67.6) Liver 0.685 (0.58-8.03) 93.0 (66.5-130) 438 (325-591) 0.257 (0.179-0.370) 25.5 (18.6-34.8) Muscle 10 10 9.64 (7.03-13.2) 14.9 (11.1-20.1) 157 (117-209) Liver 0.676 (0.385-1.189) 522 (456-597) 12.6 (11.5-13.9) 18.6 (13.3-26.1) 10 10 51.8 (38.7-69.4) 86.8 (69.8-108) 484 (408-573) 0.280 (0.205-0.502)* 37.4 (32.2-43.5) 10 44.7 (35.0-57.1) 22.0 (15.4-31.4) 174 (136-222) 504 (409-622) 0.552 (0.354-0.769) 31.9 (24.2-41.9) 30.9 (21.6-66.1) 50.5 (38.0-67.1) 155 (124-193) 365 (309-429) 193 (129-288) 52.2 (40.5-67.4) 10.1 (5.08-20.1) 0.762 (0.641-0.905) 89.2 (60.2-132) 1.32 (0.948-1.83) 45.8 (33.4-62.8) 46.9 (27.3-80.7) DividalenBorgefjell 1992-1994 1992-1994 Liver 2 0.09±0.04 <0.20 0.022±0.010 Sør-Varanger, NeidenSør-Varanger, Finnmark County (Reference Area)Finnmark County (Reference Area) JarfjordSør-Varanger, N-VarangerSør-Varanger, Finnmark County (Reference Area) 1991-1993 KorpfjellSør-Varanger, 1991-1993 SvanvikSør-Varanger, ElvenesSør-Varanger, Finnmark County (Reference Area) 1992 1991-1993Dividalen 1992Borgefjell 1992 1990-1992 1990-1992 (Grey-side vole) 1990-1992N. Norway 1990-1992N. Norway J A A Liver Liver A 1993 Liver 3 A 2 Liver 1991-1994 6 A Liver 2 0.43 Liver A 0.61 6 A 1.14 Liver 6 1.3 Liver 14 0.57 6 0.15 2.5 1.64 1/6 3.7 0.32 1.97 1/6 0.01 0.024 0/6 0.081 0/14 1.06 1/6 0.157 0.48 0.58 2/6 1.67 2/14 1.85 1/6 1.77 4.51 3.89 3.57 Location Latitude Longitude Year Species Age, years Tissue n, sex Cadmium Lead Mercury Selenium Remarks Reference Sør-Varanger, NeidenSør-Varanger, 1991-1993 J Liver 3 0.34 0.35 0.025 1.15 Yugorskiy PeninsulaYugorskiy PeninsulaYugorskiy 70°13',0N 72°22',2E PeninsulaYugorskiy 69°06',8N 5 July 1995 65°48',8E PeninsulaYugorskiy 69°06',8N 18 Aug. 1995 65°48',8E PeninsulaYugorskiy 69°06',8N 18 Aug. 1995 65°48',8E PeninsulaTaymyr 69°06',8N 18 Aug. 1995 65°48',8E PeninsulaTaymyr 18 Aug. 1995 PeninsulaTaymyr 72°05',3N 102°29',1E Peninsula 25 Oct. 1995Taymyr 72°05',3N 102°29',1E 25 Oct. 1995Kotelniy Island 72°05',3N 102°29',1E 25 Oct. 1995Kotelniy Island 72°05',3N 102°29',1E River 25 Oct. 1995Yenisey RiverYenisey 74°55',0N 139°01',0E RiverYenisey 3 July 1995 74°55',0N 139°01',0E RiverYenisey 3 July 1995 70°05',5NPronchishev Range 83°06',0E 70°05',5N 9 Oct. 1995 83°06',0E 70°05',5N 73°17'N 1995 11 Nov. 83°06',0E 70°05',5N 116°54'E 1995 11 Nov. 83°06',0E 1995 7 July 1994 11 Nov. Liver Muscle Liver Kidney 1 1 Heart 1 1 Muscle Liver 1 <0.05 Kidney 1 0.08 Fat 1 0.05 1 0.45 Muscle 0.05 <0.05 Liver 1 1 Kidney 0.05 Liver 0.05 0.15 1 Kidney 0.54 Muscle 1 0.30 0.05 0.30 Muscle 1 1 <0.05 0.30 1 0.30 0.05 0.25 0.30 0.15 0.01 0.05 0.15 0.01 0.10 0.03 <0.02 0.10 0.02 0.36 0.01 0.02 0.45 0.15 0.03 0.03 0.15 0.30 0.25 0.34 0.03 <0.01 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.03 <0.01 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1994 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Chapter 7 · Heavy Metals 467 . 1993 . 1993 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1990 . 1990 . 1990 . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1996 Gamberg 1996 RCMA 1994 RCMA 1994 RCMA 1994 RCMA 1994 Skotvold Lockhart and Muir 1996 Lockhart and Muir 1996 Lockhart and Muir 1996 Lockhart and Muir 1996 Skotvold Pooled sample Gamberg 1996 * * * * def. as silt and claydef. as silt and clay and Lubinski 1993 and Lubinski 1993 0.01-0.17/0.06 Skotvold 0.01-0.43/0.10 Skotvold 0.137 Lockhart 125-225* 0.85-0.90* 0.175-0.250 * means Skotvold ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Concentration, µg/g dry weight 7.4, 7.9 <1 3.4, 6.1 <3 <13 <50 38-61 <1.3 1.2-5.2 <5.5 Muscle <0.19 <1 <3.9 LiverKidney 0.7 4.3 4-6 Bone 3 4-6 Kidney 3 (Lemming) Bones-muscle 0.04 0.2 ng/g (Caribou) 4, 6 Liver 2 (Lemming) Liver <0.004 RCMA 1994 **** Lemus sibiricus Dicrostonyx terquatus Rangifer tarandus Cd, Pb, Hg and Se dw, *** Cd and Pb dw, ** Cd, Pb and Se dw, Cd, Pb and Se dw, * Subregion N. 18-30 9 17.3 72.7 6.6 0.26 0.07 Verta Subregion S. 0-5 7 17.0 131 119 1.85 0.36 Verta Sweden Northern Sweden LakesFinland Subregion S. 1979 0-1 18-30 5-40 7 20-65 12.5 3-25 29.1 0.07-1.3 13.6 0.3 0.13 Johansson 1989 Verta Spitsbergen (ref) 0.55-3.11 4 10.5-344/123 56.2-165/110 9.38-38/21.5 0.19-0.84/0.49 0.03-0.05/0.04 Skotvold Spitsbergen and Bjørnøya LakesSpitsbergen SFC 0-3 0.33-6.31 20 11-353/60.1 58-263/119 14.7-90/38.7 0.21-0.90/0.51 0.03-0.12/0.06 Skotvold Norway Arctic Norway Lakes SFC 25-110* 80-175* 17-85* 0.35-0.75* 0.04-0.20* * means Skotvold Northern Scandinavia (ref) 0-21.8 83 Northern ScandinaviaNorthern Scandinavia (ref) (ref) 0-21.8 0-21.8 55 84 9.4-779/72.2 22-700/136 1.0-325/14.5 0.07-2.04/0.52 Skotvold Northern Scandinavia 0-3 0.89-20.5 226 Northern Scandinavia 0-3 0.89-20.5 235 0.08-1.45/0.44 Skotvold Fox Lake, YukonKusawa Lake, YukonLittle Atlin Lake, YukonLake Laberge, YukonLootz LakeDenmark (Greenland) AmmassalikIsortoqItinneraOlrik Fjord 65°37.55'N 44°85'WScandinavia 1993 1993Northern Scandinavia 1993Northern Scandinavia 60°59.06'N 1994 47°30.63'W 1993 77°9.52'N 64°38'N 68°2.51'W 1994 50°38'W 0-42 0-29 0-35 1994 1-10 0-26 1994 1995 1-10 1-10 1-10 42 29 0-3 35 0-3 26 55.7 28.3 0.89-20.5 1 97.6 0.89-20.5 149 171 232 70.9 72.7 8.70-779/70.9 80 14-275/108 84 12.8 8-18 5-28 13 1.5-9 4-20 29.1 0.16 11.9 0.12 0.06 0.018 0.23 1.00-185/28.8 0.025 0.023 0.052 21.5 0.05 Riget Riget Riget Riget Gamberg 1996 Skotvold Hawk Lake, NWT 63°38'N 90°40'W 1989 SFC Novosibirskie Islands 75°30'N 143°14'E 10 July 1994 Bones-muscle <0.02 0.15 Pronchishev Range PeninsulaTaymyr Peninsula 73°17'NYamal Gulf Coast 116°54'EYana 76°0'NArctic Region 7 July 1994 72°44'N 94°50'E 72°18'N 70°45'E 25 June 1994 140°50'E 20 Aug. 1994 6 Aug. 1994a. A: Adult, J: Juvenile b. Heart Heart Muscle MuscleUSA Ref., Arctic Nat. Wildlife <0.02Alaska (Ponds and Lakes) <0.02 <0.02 0.02 0.09 1.2 0.18 1988 0.92 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 1.7-72.6 0.2-11.4 102 2.4-30.1 24.0-278 <4-20.0 <0.3-8.6 RCMA 1994 RCMA 1994 RCMA 1994 <0.02-0.12 RCMA 1994 Particle size Snyder-Conn Arctic Region Arctic RegionNovosibirskie Islands 75°30'N IslandWrangel 143°14'E 10 July 1994 USA Alaska 71°10'N 179°24'E 25 July 1994 Svalbard reindeer Ref., Arctic Nat. Wildlife Alaska (Ponds and Lakes) Canada Liver Lake, NWT Ya Ya 69°10'27N 134°39'45W Sept. 1994 0-28 1989 30 5.29-82.5 8.8-74.1 105 28 5.51-59.5 37-49 0.3 29.9-412 <2.93-38.7 <0.49-16.7 0.049-0.722 18-27 Particle size 0.42-0.8 Snyder-Conn 0.085-0.112 RCMA 1994 Lockhart Location Latitude Longitude Year Depth, cm %< 63µm %OC n Copper Zinc Lead Cadmium Mercury Remarks Reference ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Table 7·A5. Metals in freshwater sediment. Table 468 AMAP Assessment Report . 1995 . 1990 et al et al Melnikov 1991 Melnikov 1991 Melnikov 1991 Melnikov 1991 Melnikov 1991 Melnikov 1991 Melnikov 1991 Melnikov 1991 Melnikov 1991 Melnikov 1991 Melnikov 1991 Melnikov 1991 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Concentration, µg/g dry weight Concentration, µg/g dry weight ------Kanin(Lake Loc. 141)Kolguyev Island(Lake Loc. 135)Pechora Bay(Lake Loc. 120) 68°42.81'N 48°38.84'E YamalW. 68°21.04'N(Lake Loc. 110) 45°57.72'E 1994 IslandWrangel 68°52.74'N 53°32.36'E 1994(Lake Loc. 60)Indiginka Delta 1994(Lake Loc. 35) 0-1 70°11.53'N 70°56.79'N 83°18.65'E 179°03.11'EShirokostan 0-1(Lake Loc. S1) 1994 71°35.52'N 1994 149°14.70'EBelyi Island 0-1 1994(Lake Loc. 106)Kotelnyi Island 72°24.36'N 139°26.00'E(Lake Loc. 71) 0-1 0-1N.E. Taimyr 1994 0-1 73°05.41'N(Lake Loc. V3) 70°04.93'E 75°01.12'N 137°44.94'EChelyushkin 37.1 Ref. 1994(Lake Loc. V5) 1994 20.9 0-1 76°26.96'N 112°19.16'E Ref. 1.4 1994 77°21.34'N Ref. 102°19.58'E 0-1 0-1 1994 15.9 5.2 Ref. 25.1 0-1 <1 Ref. 20.4 <1 0-1 Ref. 1.4 1.6 <1 Ref. 50 0.3 <1 0.1 15 4.9 Ref. 32 26 1 Ref. 1.1 <1 3.6 1.2 Ref. 14 117 1.7 <1 96 25.2 6.4 Ref. 89 3.9 <1 <1 <1 0.6 55 1.8 0.4 <1 <0.5 14 46 30 <1 8 <0.5 0.6 6.1 <1 5.8 32 2.3 41 0.1 4 <0.5 7.3 0.1 1.4 <1 5 <1 0.52 5.7 4.6 0.09 74 0.73 <1 <0.5 26 113 0.01 0.8 11 0.55 2.1 2.8 0.08 13 <0.5 <0.5 <1 0.09 6.3 3 0.06 7.6 4 <1 <0.5 0.05 7.8 6.2 <0.5 <0.5 34 0.02 0.02 <0.5 <1 2.8 <0.5 <0.5 <0.003 <0.5 13 <0.5 2.7 0.05 0.01 8.1 1994 Inst. Energy Tech. Norw. 0.01 <0.5 1994 Inst. Energy Tech. Norw. 0.01 0.03 2.9 0.02 <0.5 0.01 1994 Inst. Energy Tech. Norw. 4.6 <0.5 1994 Inst. Energy Tech. Norw. 0.01 1994 <0.5 Inst. Energy Tech. Norw. 1994 Inst. Energy Tech. Norw. 0.01 <0.5 1994 Inst. Energy Tech. Norw. 0.06 1994 1994 Inst. Energy Tech. Inst. Energy Tech. Norw. Norw. 0.01 1994 Inst. Energy Tech. Norw. 0.01 1994 1994 Inst. Energy Tech. Inst. Energy Tech. Norw. Norw. 1994 Inst. Energy Tech. Norw. 1994 1994 Inst. Energy Tech. Inst. Energy Tech. Norw. Norw. 1994 Inst. Energy Tech. Norw. 1994 Inst. Energy Tech. Norw. 1994 Inst. Energy Tech. Norw. 1994 Inst. Energy Tech. Norw. 1994 Inst. Energy Tech. Norw. 1994 Inst. Energy Tech. Norw. 1994 Inst. Energy Tech. Norw. Nitsijarvi LakePahtajarvi LakeSierramjarvi LakeLake 222Russia Nyulay Lake, KomiNyulay Lake, Komi 67°46'NKotyol Lake, Komi 67°46'NKotyol Lake, Komi 53°26'EKapylty Lake, Komi 53°26'EKapylty Lake, Komi 67°30'NMezen River 1994 Nov. 67°30'NNorthern Divina River 53°54'E 1994 Nov. Ob River 53°54'E 0-1Pechora River 23-25 1994Lake Kyusyur Nov. 1994 Nov. 0-1 17-19 0-49 1994 Nov. 0-49 0-49 1994 Nov. 0-1 5.5 13-15 5.5 0-49 2 2 7.5 4 Bott. sed. 1992 11.0 2 8.6 20 27 2 Bott. sed. 0-10 11.0 100 Bott. sed. 2 2 4.4 97 Bott. sed. 50-60 20-30 10-20 95 12.0 11.0 76 36 37 110-170 20-45 60-300 60-105 114 105 55 5-53 27 0.84 1.9 40-105 64 6-52 2-22 1 33 18 0.9 0.2-1.2 1.5 6-40 0.041 1.5 4.0 0.8 0.4-0.75 2.5 0.05-0.6 1.5 0.069 0.017-0.038 1.4 1.3 1.5 0.019-0.045 0.036-0.102 0.2-0.7 0.092 0.026 10 4 3.0 4.8 0.096-0.246 2.0 0.058 0.058 2.6 1.6 4.0 Dahl-Hansen and Evenset 1995 Mannio 1996 0.03 Dahl-Hansen and Evenset 1995 Mannio 1996 Mannio 1996 Dahl-Hansen and Evenset 1995 Mannio 1996 Dahl-Hansen and Evenset 1995 0.03 Dahl-Hansen and Evenset 1995 Dahl-Hansen and Evenset 1995 Rovinsky Subregion N. 0-5 9 19.1 100Canada 72 East ChannelMackenzie River, Main ChannelMackenzie River, East ChannelMackenzie River, Reindeer ChannelMackenzie River, Middle ChannelMackenzie River, 0.88Russia Mezen River 1985 Apr. 1986 Febr. 1986 Febr. 0.18 1986 2-5 m susp. sediment Febr. 8 m susp sediment 1986 Febr. 8 m susp. sediment 5 m susp. sediment 8 m susp. sediment 6 3 3 3 3 44.0 77.0 64.7 55.8 63.7 188 Verta 182 225 Susp. sediment 182 134 20.2 Coarse 24.0 25.7 17.7 31.9 0.60 0.57 0.68 0.70 3.5 0.62 0.210 0.094 0.096 0.090 19 0.098 30 Erickson and Fowler 1987 Erickson and Fowler 1987 Erickson and Fowler 1987 Erickson and Fowler 1987 Erickson and Fowler 1987 Location Latitude Longitude Year Depth, cm %< 63µm %OC n Copper Zinc Lead Cadmium Mercury Remarks------Location Reference Year Depth, m Type n Copper Zinc Lead Cadmium Mercury Reference Mezen River Susp. sediment Fine 12.9 16.8 11.2 Northern Divina River Susp. sediment Coarse 3.3 27 42 Northern Divina River Susp. sediment Fine 28.0 49.7 28.1 Ob River Susp. sediment Coarse 2.9 26 4.0 Ob River Susp. sediment Fine 18.0 53 20.0 Pechora River Susp. sediment Coarse 2.8 30 35 Pechora River Susp. sediment Fine 17.2 27.2 13.2 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 7·A6. Metals in freshwater particulate. Table ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Chapter 7 · Heavy Metals 469 1991 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1992 et al. et al et al et al et al et al et al et al Rovinsky Steinnes and Henriksen 1993 Snyder-Conn and Lubinski 1993 Snyder-Conn Snyder-Conn and Lubinski 1993 Snyder-Conn Median valuesMean values Mannio Iivonen 0.0025-0.001 Johansson 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. < 0.10, 0.15 < 0.05, 0.45 < 0.05 Gamberg 1996 < 0.10-0.21 < 0.05-0.09 < 0.05-0.10 Gamberg 1996 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Concentration, µg/L 2.60 6.00 0.510.72 0.79 0.95 0.018 0.012 0.006 0.008 Filtered Filtered Erickson and Fowler 1987 Erickson and Fowler 1987 2.05 2.60 0.25 0.11 0.021 Rovinsky 0.92 2.60 0.25 0.13 0.066 Rovinsky 0.85 2.60 0.15 0.16 0.022 Rovinsky 4.25 2.60 16.60 0.29 0.02 Rovinsky 0. 0. 0. 1. 1. 0. 0.05-0.11 0.5-1.0 < 0.01-0.05 < 0.01-0.04 1. 1. 3 33 332 1.3033 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.40 1.10 1.40 1.40 1.20 1.30 0.85 1.50 1.40 0.95 0.99 0.85 0.012 0.68 0.87 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.008 0.010 0.010 0.004 0.004 0.006 0.004 Unfiltered 0.006 Filtered Filtered Filtered Filtered Filtered Erickson and Fowler 1987 Erickson and Fowler 1987 Erickson and Fowler 1987 Erickson and Fowler 1987 Erickson and Fowler 1987 Erickson and Fowler 1987 ------8 9 1.30 2.30 0.16 0.022 0.004 Unfiltered Erickson and Fowler 1987 2 3 1.300 1.40 0.93 0.012 0.008 Unfiltered Erickson and Fowler 1987 5- 9 July 1995 0.5 0.22 1.40 0.10 < 0.01 < 0.01 Unfiltered RCMA 1995 0 00.. 0.5- 0. 0.0. 5- 10. Burnside, Ellice, Dubacont, Thelon, Back, Kazan, Hayes, Quoich and Lorillard) Ust-Lena Reserve, Kyusyur Lake Ust-Lena Reserve, River Ebitym Ust-Lena Reserve, River Bulun Ust-Lena Reserve, River Lena Kyusyur Pechora Gulf, SWPechora Gulf, SWUst-Lena Reserve, River Lena Delta 68°54'N 68°40'N 55°47'E 55°50'E 10 July 1995 10 July 1995 0.8 0.3 0.15 0.41 2.00 14.00 0.08 1.20 0.01 0.08 < 0.01 < 0.01 Unfiltered Unfiltered RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 Sweden Lakes in Northern Sweden 1986-1988 Norway Northern NorwayFinland Lakes in LaplandLakes in Northern Finland Russia Peninsula,Taymyr Pechora Gulf, SWPechora Gulf, SW 74°32'N 74°28'N 68°58'N 1977 101°42'E 98°38'E 54°48'E 16 May 1995 18 16 May 1995 95 1992 9.40 0.40 36 12.50 0.28 2.70 1.50 1.84 0.20 1.20 0.25 0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.02 Unfiltered Unfiltered RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 Simpson Lake Mackenzie River, East Channel Mackenzie River, East Channel Mackenzie River, East Channel Mackenzie River, East Channel Mackenzie River, East Channel Mackenzie River, East Channel Mackenzie River, East Channel Mackenzie River, East Channel Mackenzie River, Main ChannelMackenzie River, East ChannelMackenzie River, 1996 Febr. 1996 Febr. 5-10 3- 9 1.40 2.50 0.16 0.123 0.006 Unfiltered Erickson and Fowler 1987 Mackenzie River, Reindeer Channel Mackenzie River, Middle Channel Mackenzie River, 11 Rivers (Andrews,Coppermine, Lootz Lake 1996 Febr. 1996 Febr. 4-10 1993/1994 5-10 9 8 15 1.40 1.40 <1-2 2.10 2.50 <1-2 0.15 0.17 < 0.7-1.3 0.024 0.024 < 0.2 0.006 0.005 < 0.02 Unfiltered Unfiltered Erickson and Fowler 1987 Erickson and Fowler 1987 Jeffries and Carey 1994 Canada East Channel Mackenzie River, Ponds and Lakes in the Arctic Refuge, AlaskaNat. Wildlife 1989 108 < 13-170 < 10-710 < 15-470 < 3-120 USA, Alaska Ponds and Lakes in the Arctic Refuge, AlaskaNat. Wildlife 1988 108 < 2-6 < 4-46 < 40-50 < 3-13 ------Location Latiitude Longitude Year Depth, m n Copper Zinc Lead Cadmium Mercury Remarks Reference Table 7·A7. Metals in freshwater. Table ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 470 AMAP Assessment Report . 1992 et al Iivonen Range of means Concentration, µg/g dry weight ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Concentration, µg/g wet weight (unless otherwise indicated under Remarks) 1 0.90 0.02 Max. levels 1985 Wong 11 2.49 0.11 0.05 0.10 2.49 0.11 Max. levels Max. levels 1985 Wong 1985 Wong 1 <0.3 0.24±0.01 <0.14 3.4±0.3 Jonsson 1995 sp. (Aquatic insects) 3.6-7.2 0.4-1.1 (f) (Water flea)(f) (Water flea)(f) (Water 4 3 <4.14-8.22 <4-8 <0.68-0.71 <0.342-0.514 <0.7 <03-0.5 and Lubinsky 1993 Snyder-Conn and Lubinsky 1993 Snyder-Conn (Water flea)(Water 13 <9 <1.00 <0.020-0.0484 1.33-2.48 and Lubinsky 1993 Snyder-Conn (Lake trout) 1 0.02 0.01 4 (mean) Max. levels 1985 Wong (Arctic char) Muscle 2 0.03 Hendzel 1990 (Arctic char) Liver 3 2.0±0.3 Hg in dw Bohn 1978 (Broad whitefish) Muscle 2 0.03 0.03 0.02±0.01 Hendzel 1990 Phrygenea (water flea) 3 <9 <1.00-2.99 <0.020-0.0646 1.51-1.66 and Lubinsky 1993 Snyder-Conn sp., sp. (Whitefish) 1 0.04 0.04 0.04 Max. levels 1985 Wong sp. (Whitefish) Muscle <0.05 0.02-0.08 0.14-0.46 Lockhart 1989 (Burbot) Liver <0.1-0.2 0.06-0.29 0.81-1.36 Lockhart 1989 Coregonus nasus Salvelinus alpinus Salvelinus namaycush Salvelinus alpinus Coregonus Daphnia middendorffiana Daphnia middendorffiana Limnea peregra Limnophilus Daphnia middendorffiana Lota lota Coregonus Daphnia pulex Great Bear, NWT Great Bear, Mackenzie RiverMackenzie RiverEllis RiverEllis RiverEllis RiverEllis RiverEllis RiverEllis RiverEkalluk RiverSurrey Lake RiverTree RiverTree Kuhulu LakeSaputing LakeKoukdjuak RiverNettilling Lake Lake 1971 Tessikakjuak 1981Thirty Mile LakeThirty Mile LakeThirty Mile LakeKeyhole Lake 1971 RiverWilson 1977Kaminuriak Lake 1987Esker Lake 1984Esker Lake 1989 1990 1990 1984 1977 1980 1974 1970 1979 1977 1990 1988 1989 1990 Muscle 1970 1975 1988 6 1978 Muscle 1978 Muscle Muscle Muscle 0.003 3 Muscle Muscle 6 5 Muscle 4 5 Muscle 5 0.05 Muscle Liver Muscle 5 Muscle Muscle 8 Muscle 2 Muscle 1 5 3 Muscle 5 5 Muscle 0.01 0.053 5 5 Muscle 0.05 0.4±0.23 Muscle 0.02 5 Muscle 0.05 2 1 Muscle 0.42 0.011 5 2.0±0.33 Muscle 0.01 17 0.39 0.01 9 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.39 0.04 0.026±0.011 0.03±0.012 0.052 0.04 0.01 0.03 0.13 0.314 0.084±0.027 Hendzel 1990 0.256 0.03 0.05 0.29 0.024±0.015 Hendzel 1990 0.04±0.01 0.02 0.03 Hendzel 1990 0.33 Hendzel 1990 Hendzel 1990 Hendzel 1990 0.33 Hendzel 1990 Hendzel 1990 Hendzel 1990 Hendzel 1990 Hendzel 1990 Hendzel 1990 Hendzel 1990 Hendzel 1990 Hendzel 1990 Hendzel 1990 Hendzel 1990 Males Hendzel 1990 Hendzel 1990 Females Hendzel 1990 Hendzel 1990 Bruce 1979 Bruce 1979 Great Slave All, NWT Mackenzie Delta, NWT NWT Ellice River, Arctic Red River, NWTArctic Red River, Fort Franklin, NWTFort Simpson, NWTFort Good Hope, NWT 67°26'NKuhulu Lake, Baffin Island 133°44'WKuhulu Lake, Baffin Island 65°10'N NWT Hay River, 66°15'N Oct. 1985 61°52'N 123°30'W 128°38'W 122°21'W Oct. 1985 Oct. 1985 Oct. 1985 1974 1974 Muscle Muscle Muscle Muscle Liver <0.05 4 <0.05 <0.01 <0.05 0.4±0.2 0.04-0.14 0.08-0.13 0.06-0.23 0.02-0.18 0.20-0.59 0.15-0.29 0.28-0.62 0.27-1.03 Lockhart 1989 Lockhart 1989 1985 Wagemann Lockhart 1989 Hg in dw Bohn 1978 Arctic Nat. Wildlife Refuge, AlaskaArctic Nat. Wildlife 1988 Arctic Nat. Wildlife Refuge, AlaskaArctic Nat. Wildlife Refuge, Alaska Arctic Nat. Wildlife Iceland Lake ThingvallavatnFinland Lapland Lakes 1989 Fairy shrimp 1994 1987 1 <10 <1.6 <0.8 and Lubinsky 1993 Snyder-Conn Location Latitude Longitude Year Species Tissue n Lead Cadmium Mercury Selenium Remarks Reference Arctic Red River, NWTArctic Red River, Fort Franklin, NWTFort Simpson, NWTFort Good Hope, NWT 67°26'NFort Good Hope, NWT 133°44'W 65°10'N 66°15'N Oct. 1985 61°52'N 123°30'W 66°15'N 128°38'W 122°21'W Oct. 1985 128°38'W Oct. 1985 Oct. 1985 Oct. 1985 Liver Liver Liver Liver <0.1-0.3 <0.1 <0.1-0.42 <0.1-0.4 0.05-0.25 0.01-0.25 0.03-0.09 0.02-0.08 0.35-1.71 0.42-2.87 0.81-3.35 0.20 Lockhart 1989 1985 Wagemann Lockhart 1989 Lockhart 1989 USA Refuge, AlaskaArctic Nat. Wildlife 1988 Canada Fort Good Hope, NWT 66°15'N 128°38'W Oct. 1985 Arctic Nat. Wildlife Refuge, AlaskaArctic Nat. Wildlife 1988 Location Latitude Longitude Year Species n Lead Cadmium Mercury Selenium Remarks Reference Table 7·A8. Metals in freshwater invertebrates. Table ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 7·A9. Metals in freshwater fish. Table ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Chapter 7 · Heavy Metals 471 . 199 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al 27 0.0076±0.0102 0.567±0.597 0.846±0.189 Lockhart 1994 MuscleMuscleMuscle 9Muscle 5MuscleMuscle 3 7 2 1 0.24 1.04 0.26 0.20 0.05 0.42 0.27 Muir and Lockhart 1984 Muir and Lockhart 1984 Muir and Lockhart 1984 Muir and Lockhart 1984 Muir and Lockhart 1984 Muir and Lockhart 1984 Muscle 11 0.92 0.28 0.17 ng/g Muir and Lockhart 1984 (Lake trout) Muscle 5 0.23-0.78/0.37 n.d. 0.29-0.71/0.50 1994 Yukon (Lake trout) Liver 4 0.20-0.54/0.45 n.d.-0.34/0.29 0.09-3.89/1.05 1994 Yukon (Lake trout) Liver 5 n.d. 0.04-0.21/0.12 0.09-0.32/0.15 1994 Yukon (Lake trout) Muscle 4 0.15-0.52/0.32 0.006-0.013/0.008 0.12-0.21/0.16 1994 Yukon (Lake trout) Liver 4 0.17-0.55/0.42 0.09-0.22/0.13 0.05-0.25/0.11 1994 Yukon (Lake trout) Muscle 23 1.31 0.13 0.10 ng/g Muir and Lockhart 1984 (Lake trout) Muscle 17 0.681±0.450 Muir and Lockhart 1984 (Whitefish) Muscle 20 0.04-0.09 Skotvold (Arctic char) Muscle 25 0.165±0.113 Riget (Arctic char) Muscle 20 0.03-0.06 Skotvold (Arctic char) Muscle 1 0.026±0.0026 Jonsson 1995 (Arctic char) 45 0.002±0.002 0.0015±0.002 0.181±0.093 0.902±0.403 Muir and Lockhart 1994 (Arctic char) Muscle 7 0.26 Muir and Lockhart 1984 (Northern pike) Liver 4 0.48-0.99/0.63 0.06-0.22/0.12 0.04-0.14/0.09 1994 Yukon (Northern pike) Liver 5 n.d. 0.04-0.16/0.10 0.02-0.09/0.05 1994 Yukon (Northern pike) Liver 5 n.d. 0.01-0.02/0.013 0.06-0.11/0.08 1994 Yukon (Northern pike) Liver 5 0.21-1.17/0.74 0.03-0.12/0.07 0.03-0.43/0.11 1994 Yukon sp. (Whitefish) Muscle 33 <0.005 0.053-0.176 0.29-0.56 Kingsley 1994 (Burbot) Liver 1 0.26 0.23 0.17 1994 Yukon (Burbot) Liver 2 n.d. 0.03-0.06/0.05 0.03-0.03/0.03 1994 Yukon (Burbot) Liver 1 n.d. 0.24 0.05 1994 Yukon Salvelinus alpinus Salvelinus alpinus Esox lucius Lota lota Salvelinus namaycush Salvelinus alpinus Coregonus lavaretus Esox lucius Lota lota Salvelinus namaycush Esox lucius Lota lota Salvelinus namaycush Esox lucius Salvelinus namaycush Salvelinus alpinus Salvelinus namaycush Salvelinus alpinus Coregonus Salvelinus namaycush Salvelinus namaycush Vatnskot 64°14'08N 21°05'00W 1994 ThorsteinsvikVatnskotThorsteinsvik 64°09'00N 21°12'00W 1994 64°09'00N 64°14'08N 21°12'00W 21°05'00W 1994 1994 Muscle Liver Liver 1 1 1 <0.3 <0.3 0.089±0.0029 0.077±0.005 0.018±0.0055 0.26±0.01 0.25±0.02 Jonsson 1995 Jonsson 1995 Jonsson 1995 Denmark (Greenland) Ammassalik, Greenland 65°37.55'N 44°85'W 1994 Isortoq, GreenlandItinnera, GreenlandOlrik Fjord, GreenlandIceland Lake Thinkvallavatn 60°59.06'N 77°9.52'N 47°30.63'W 64°38'N 1994 68°2.51'W 50°38'W 1994 1994 Muscle Muscle 25 Muscle 11 25 0.994±0.763 0.276±0.141 0.594±0.334 Riget Riget Riget Lake Coulbmajavri (Finnmark) 1995 Lake Ravdujavri (Finnmark) 1995 Muscle 20 0.03-0.19 Skotvold Lake Goldinjavri (Finnmark) 1995 Muscle 20 0.05-0.11 Skotvold Lake Guotkejavri (Finnmark) 1995 Muscle 20 0.07-0.16 Skotvold Sekulmun Lake, Yukon Territory Territory Sekulmun Lake, Yukon Territory Sekulmun Lake, Yukon 1990-1991 1990-1991 Muscle 4 n.d.-0.32/0.22 n.d.-0.01/0.009 0.11-1.53/0.46 1994 Yukon Sekulmun Lake, Yukon Territory Territory Sekulmun Lake, Yukon Territory Sekulmun Lake, Yukon Territory Sekulmun Lake, Yukon Territory Sekulmun Lake, Yukon Territory Sekulmun Lake, Yukon Territory Lake, Yukon Tatlmain 1990-1991 1990-1991 1990-1991 1990-1991 Lake whitefish 1990-1991 1990-1991 Lake Lavvujavri (Finnmark) Liver 4 Muscle Muscle 4 n.d.-3.41/0.95 Muscle 4 0.12-0.44/0.28 1995 1 n.d. 0.06-0.36/0.19 n.d.-1.29/0.57 n.d. n.d.-0.05/0.02 n.d. 0.03-0.14/0.09 0.01 0.08-0.26/0.19 1994 Yukon 0.30 Muscle 20 1994 Yukon 1994 Yukon 1994 Yukon n.d.-0.18 Skotvold Norway (Finnmark)Lake Avzejavri 1995 Mayo Lake, Yukon Territory Territory Mayo Lake, Yukon Territory Mayo Lake, Yukon 1990-1991 1990-1991 Muscle 5 n.d. n.d.-0.16/0.03 0.07-0.23/0.11 1994 Yukon Mayo Lake, Yukon Territory Territory Mayo Lake, Yukon Territory Mayo Lake, Yukon Territory Mayo Lake, Yukon Territory Mayo Lake, Yukon Territory Mayo Lake, Yukon Territory Sekulmun Lake, Yukon 1990-1991 1990-1991 1990-1991 1990-1991 1990-1991 Lake whitefish 1990-1991 Liver 5 Muscle Muscle 5 n.d. Muscle 5 2 n.d. n.d. 0.12-0.33/0.19 0.37-1.14/0.75 0.09-0.13/0.12 n.d.-0.001/0.0007 n.d.-0.18/0.07 0.11-0.11/0.11 n.d.-0.16/0.03 0.07-0.18/0.11 0.04-0.08/0.06 1994 Yukon 1994 Yukon 1994 Yukon 1994 Yukon Kloo Lake, Yukon Territory Territory Kloo Lake, Yukon Territory Kloo Lake, Yukon Territory Kloo Lake, Yukon 1990-1991 1990-1991 1990-1991 Liver Muscle 4 4 n.d. n.d. 0.02-0.21/0.11 n.d.-0.11/0.04 0.23-1.08/0.66 0.29-0.96/0.53 1994 Yukon 1994 Yukon Kloo Lake, Yukon Territory Territory Kloo Lake, Yukon Territory Kloo Lake, Yukon Territory Kloo Lake, Yukon Territory Kloo Lake, Yukon Territory Kloo Lake, Yukon Territory Mayo Lake, Yukon 1990-1991 1990-1991 1990-1991 1990-1991 Lake whitefish 1990-1991 1990-1991 Liver 5 Muscle Muscle 5 n.d. Muscle 5 1 n.d. n.d. 0.05-0.46/0.20 n.d. 0.09-0.24/0.18 n.d.-0.04/0.009 n.d.-0.22/0.07 0.17-0.24/0.20 0.09 0.07-0.18/0.11 0.16 1994 Yukon 1994 Yukon 1994 Yukon 1994 Yukon Aishihik Lake, Yukon Territory Territory Aishihik Lake, Yukon Territory Aishihik Lake, Yukon 1990-1991 1990-1991 Muscle 4 n.d. n.d. 0.06-0.15/0.09 1994 Yukon Aishihik Lake, Yukon Territory Territory Aishihik Lake, Yukon Territory Aishihik Lake, Yukon Territory Aishihik Lake, Yukon Territory Canyon Lake, Yukon 1990-1991 1990-1991 1990-1991 1990-1991 Lake whitefish Liver 5 Muscle Muscle 5 0.11-1.06/0.59 5 0.04-0.30/0.19 n.d.-0.20/0.09 0.04-0.16/0.08 n.d. n.d. n.d.-0.03/0.01 0.03-0.27/0.13 0.01-0.10/0.04 1994 Yukon 1994 Yukon 1994 Yukon Eastern Hudson BayHazen Lake, N. Ellesmere Island Amituk Lake, Cornwallis Island. Territory Aishihik Lake, Yukon 1990-1991 1993 Brook trout Muscle 29 <0.005 0.041-0.253 0.036-0.061 Kingsley 1994 Hawk Lake W. Hudson Bay Hawk Lake W. Hudson Bay Peter Lake W. Char Lake Cornwallis Island. Lake Cornwallis Island. Resolute Lake Cornwallis Island. Small Lake Cornwallis Island. Lake Cornwallis Island. Victory Eastern Hudson Bay 1993 Colville Lake NW NWT Colville Lake NW NWTLac Belot NW NWT Lake whitefish Muscle 23 0.96 0.02 0.14 ng/g Muir and Lockhart 1984 Tasialuk LakeTasialuk LakeTasialuk Peter Lake, NWT 1978 1978 Muscle Muscle 8 16 0.07 0.10 Males Females Bruce 1979 Bruce 1979 472 AMAP Assessment Report . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1992 . 1992 . 1992 . 1992 . 1992 . 1992 . 1992 . 1992 . 1992 . 1992 . 1992 . 1992 . 1992 . 1992 et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Concentration, µg/g wet weight (unless otherwise indicated under Remarks) MuscleMuscle 2 8 0.29 0.17 Mannio 1996 Mannio 1996 MuscleMuscleMuscle 18 8 11 0.12 0.32 0.094 Mannio 1996 Mannio 199 Mannio 1996 Muscle 20 0.03-0.12 Skotvold Pallas Muscle 1 0.12 <0.05 0.01 RCMA 1995 (Arctic char) Muscle 0.10±0.04 Iivonen (Arctic char) Muscle 0.20±0.13 Iivonen (Arctic char) Liver 0.25±0.10 1.23±0.68 dw Iivonen (Arctic char) Muscle 11 0.003 0.006 0.735 Mannio 1996 (Arctic char) Muscle 7 0.001 0.001 0.777 Mannio 1996 (Arctic char) Muscle 6 0.001 0.001 0.414 Mannio 1996 (Perch) Liver 0.47±0.06 0.55±0.04 dw Iivonen (Perch) Muscle 20 0.04-0.16 Skotvold sp. Muscle 1 0.14 <0.05 0.01 RCMA 1995 (Brown trout) Muscle 0.06±0.01 Iivonen (Brown trout) Muscle 30 0.077 Mannio 1996 (Brown trout) Liver 0.20 1.92±0.93 dw Iivonen (Brown trout) Muscle 4 0.001 0.001 0.356 Mannio 1996 (Brown trout) Muscle 15 0.001 0.001 1.134 Mannio 1996 (Pike) Muscle 0.24±0.09 Iivonen (Pike) Liver 0.05 0.03±0.01 dw Iivonen (Pike) Muscle 6 0.36 Mannio 1996 (Pike)(Pike) Muscle 20 Muscle 22(Pike) 0.09-0.52 0.234 Muscle 4 0.002 Geometric mean Olsson ( pers. comm. 1997) Skotvold 0.001 0.307 Mannio 1996 sp. (Whitefish) Muscle 0.28±0.08 Iivonen sp. (Whitefish) Liver 2.17±0.38 15.5±4.65 dw Iivonen sp. (Whitefish) Liver 0.10 1.05±0.27 dw Iivonen sp. (Whitefish) Muscle 14 0.20 Mannio 1996 sp. (Whitefish) Muscle 9 0.001 0.001 0.435 Mannio 1996 (Burbot) Muscle 8 0.23 Mannio 1996 Salvelinus alpinus Coregonus automnalis Pleuronectes Esox lucius Coregonus Salvelinus alpinus Salmo trutta Esox lucius Perca fluviatilis Coregonus Coregonus Salmo trutta Esox lucius Lota lota Salvelinus alpinus Salmo trutta Salmo trutta Salvelinus alpinus Coregonus Perca fluviatilis Esox lucius Esox lucius Salvelinus alpinus Salmo trutta Esox lucius Salvelinus alpinus Coregonus 19691970197119721973197419751977197819791981198219831984198519861987199219941996 Muscle Muscle Muscle 10 Muscle 10 Muscle 10 Muscle 17 Muscle 20 Muscle 10 Muscle Muscle 9 10 Muscle 10 Muscle Muscle 9 10 Muscle 10 Muscle 10 Muscle 10 Muscle 10 Muscle 10 Muscle 10 Muscle 10 10 10 0.296 0.301 0.310 0.294 0.306 0.459 0.433 0.332 0.267 0.194 0.324 0.331 Geometric mean 0.334 Olsson ( pers. comm. 1997) Geometric mean 0.264 Olsson ( pers. comm. 1997) Geometric mean 0.273 Olsson ( pers. comm. 1997) Geometric mean 0.253 Olsson ( pers. comm. 1997) Geometric mean 0.280 Olsson ( pers. comm. 1997) Geometric mean 0.254 Olsson ( pers. comm. 1997) Geometric mean 0.278 Geometric mean Olsson ( pers. comm. 1997) 0.311 Olsson ( pers. comm. 1997) Geometric mean Olsson ( pers. comm. 1997) Geometric mean Geometric mean Olsson ( pers. comm. 1997) Olsson ( pers. comm. 1997) Geometric mean Olsson ( pers. comm. 1997) Geometric mean Olsson ( pers. comm. 1997) Geometric mean Olsson ( pers. comm. 1997) Geometric mean Olsson ( pers. comm. 1997) Geometric mean Olsson ( pers. comm. 1997) Geometric mean Olsson ( pers. comm. 1997) Geometric mean Olsson ( pers. comm. 1997) Geometric mean Olsson ( pers. comm. 1997) Geometric mean Olsson ( pers. comm. 1997) Lake Peltojarvi, Finnish LaplandLake Aalisjarvi, Finnish Lapland 1987 1987 Muscle 0.06±0.01 Iivonen Russia Pechora RiverPechora River 68°58',83N 54°48',08E 68°58',83N 54°48',08E 7 Sept. 1995 7 Sept. 1995 Lake Iso-Venejarvi, Finnish LaplandLake Iso-Venejarvi, Finnish LaplandLake Vasikkajarvi, 1987 1987 Lake Peltojarvi, Finnish Lapland 1987 Lake Peltojarvi, Finnish Lapland 1987 Lake Iso-VenejarviLake Iso-Peralampi 1987 1987 Lake Vasikkajarvi 1987 Lake Peltojarvi, Finnish LaplandLake Peltojarvi, Finnish Lapland 1987 1987 Liver 0.17±0.05 0.56±0.22 dw Iivonen Lake 222, Western LaplandLake 222, Western Lapland Lake Nitsijarvi, Western Lapland Lake 222, Western Lapland Lake Nitsijarvi, Western Lapland Lake 222, Western Grayling Muscle 2 0.12 Mannio 1996 Lake 222, Western Lapland Lake 222, Western Lake Aalisjarvi, Finnish Lapland 1987 Lake Peltojarvi, Finnish LaplandLake Aalisjarvi, Finnish Lapland 1987 1987 Liver 0.30±0.10 0.53±0.15 dw Iivonen Lake Nitsijarvi, Western LaplandLake Nitsijarvi, Western LaplandLake Pahtajarvi, Western Lapland Lake 222, Western Lapland Lake Nitsijarvi, Western Lapland Lake Pahtajarvi, Western Lapland Lake Nitsijarvi, Western 1993-1994 1993 Location Latitude Longitude Year Species Tissue n Lead Cadmium Mercury Selenium Remarks Reference Lake Vuorasjavri (Finnmark) Lake Vuorasjavri Lake Finnsnesvatn (Troms) Kautokerno River (Finnmark) Sweden Storvindeln 1968 LaplandLake 222, Western LaplandLake Nitsijarvi, Western 1993-1994 1994 Finland LaplandLake 222, Western LaplandLake 222, Western 1993 1993-1994 Grayling Muscle 2 0.003 0.002 0.781 Mannio 1996 Lake Nitsijarvi, Western LaplandLake Nitsijarvi, Western LaplandLake Nitsijarvi, Western 1993-1994 1993-1994 Ellasjøen (Bear Island) 1995 Muscle 20 0.067-0.223 Skotvold ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Chapter 7 · Heavy Metals 473 . 1980** . 1980** . 1980** . 1974** et al et al et al et al Naidu Naidu Naidu Dahl-Hansen and Evenset 1995 Dahl-Hansen and Evenset 1995 Dahl-Hansen and Evenset 1995 –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Concentration, mg/kg dw ± SD (unless otherwise indicated) Muscle 7 0.028-0.087 Muscle 14 0.05-0.11 Gm. Muscle 1 0.18 <0.05 0.02 RCMA 1995 (Pallas) Muscle 1 0.60 0.05 0.01 RCMA 1995 (Arctic cisco) Muscle 5 0.04-0.07 0.02 0.02-0.04 RCMA 1994 Pallas MusclePallas. 1 Muscle <0.05 1 0.10 <0.05 0.05 0.01 0.02 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 Pallas Muscle 1 0.11Pallas 0.05 Muscle 1 0.01 0.25 0.05 0.01 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 L.L. Muscle 1 Muscle 1 0.25 0.52 <0.05 0.06 0.01 0.01 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 sp. Muscle 1 <0.05 <0.05 0.01 RCMA 1995 sp. Muscle 1 0.21 <0.05 0.01(Broad whitefish) 1 RCMA 1995 0.013 0.006 Mannio 1996 Pallas Muscle 1 0.10 <0.05 0.01 RCMA 1995 (Pike) 15 0.016±0.007 0.008±0.007 Mannio 1996 sp. (Whitefish) Muscle 5 0.026±3.152 0.026±1.499 0.040±1.361 Rosgidromet 1995 sp. (Whitefish) Muscle 5 0.06-0.25 0.02-0.05 0.03-0.06 RCMA 1994 L. Muscle 1 <0.05 <0.05 0.01 RCMA 1995 Coregonus lavaretus pidschian Stenodus leucichthys nelma Lota lota Coregonus nasus Esox lucius Coregonus automnalis Coregonus Coregonus nasus Coregonus peled Coregonus nasus Coregonus nasus Coregonus muksun Salvelinus alpinus Coregonus automnalis Salvelinus alpinus Coregonus automnalis Coregonus lavaretus pidschian Coregonus muksun Coregonus 71°57',0N 102°10',0E71°57',0N 102°10',0E 1995 71°57',0N 30 Nov. 102°10',0E 199571°57',0N 30 Nov. 102°10',0E 1995 71°57',0N 30 Nov. 102°10',0E 199571°57',0N 30 Nov. 102°10',0E 1995 30 Nov. 1995 30 Nov. 70°45',8N 148°00',0E70°45',8N 148°00',0E70°45',8N 2 July 1995 148°00',0E70°45',8N 2 July 1995 148°00',0E70°45',8N 2 July 1995 148°00',0E 2 July 1995 Liver 2 July 1995 Liver 1 1 0.13 0.16 <0.05 Muscle Liver 0.06 Muscle 1 Muscle 1 1 0.01 1 0.10 0.01 0.17 0.18 <0.05 <0.05 0.05 0.08 <0.05 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 70.0677N70.495N 142.8525W70.7898N 1989 148.7683W70.7488N 151.9372W 198970.3568N 150.4752W 198970.308N 147.881W 1989 <63 µm N70.6718N 147.6708W 198970.7258N 150.5353W <63 µm N 1989 <63 µm N70.435N 152.0733W 1989 <63 µm N70.5367N 1989 148.3015W70.4167N 149.962W <63 µm N 198970.2835N 148.0582W <63 µm N 1989 <63 µm N70.6483N 147.0925W 1989 <63 µm N70.379N 151.894W 198970.6485N <63 µm N 148.0068W 198970.1532N 149.2757W <63 µm N 1989 <63 µm N 145.0243W 1989 <63 µm N 1989 1 <63 µm N 1 <63 µm N 1 <63 µm N 24.00 1 <63 µm N 23.37 1 20.47 1 29.67 111.0 1 1 24.20 107.3 101.7 22.20 1 28.50 130.0 1 21.10 17.13 1 118.0 1 24.63 111.0 10.07 122.0 10.60 25.80 1 23.60 101.0 16.83 1 22.60 1 111.7 0.180 10.20 1 17.40 111.0 113.3 0.167 5.90 14.40 24.80 0.090 26.90 103.0 0.113 7.70 27.40 92.0 0.220 8.23 111.7 11.40 120.0 10.27 0.140 0.150 116.0 11.40 0.100 11.10 0.147 0.190 8.17 15.80 0.217 11.60 0.170 0.200 0.247 0.160 0.070 USA*** USA*** USA*** USA*** USA*** USA*** USA*** USA*** USA*** USA*** USA*** USA*** USA*** USA*** USA*** USA*** Latitude Longitude Sampling Sediment Water Beaufort Sea 70.3683N 147.9572W 1989 <63 µm N 1 25.70 116.7 8.83 0.203 USA*** Yenisey River (near Karaul)Yenisey 70°05',5N 83°06',0E 1995 11 Nov. Liver 1 <0.05 0.05 0.02 RCMA 1995 Alaskan Beaufort 1979 1500 3 53.±4 127.±15 Pechora River, Komi Rep.Pechora River, 67°40'N 52°59'E 1994 Nov. Yenisey River (near Karaul)Yenisey River (near Karaul)Yenisey 70°05',5N River (near Karaul)Yenisey 83°06',0E 70°05',5N River (near Karaul)Yenisey 83°06',0E 70°05',5N River (near Karaul)Yenisey 1995 11 Nov. 83°06',0E 70°05',5N River (near Karaul)Yenisey 1995 11 Nov. 83°06',0E 70°05',5N 1995 11 Nov. 83°06',0E 70°05',5N 1995 11 Nov. 83°06',0E 1995 11 Nov. 1995 11 Nov. Liver Liver 1 Liver 1 1 0.20 0.90 <0.05 Russia Pechora River, 0.05 0.08 <0.05 0.02 0.02 0.02 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 Beaufort Lagoon 1979 5 28.±6 103.±14 Pechora RiverPechora RiverOb River 66°40'N 67°30E 1994 1994 Muscle 5 0.53±1.235 0.013±1.462 0.027±1.349 Rosgidromet 1995 Pechora River River (near Karaul)Yenisey 70°05',5N 83°06',0E 1995 11 Nov. 68°58',83N 54°48',08E 7 Sept. 1995Khatanga R. (near Khatanga) Khatanga R. (near Khatanga) Gobiidae g. sp.Khatanga R. (near Khatanga) Khatanga R. (near Khatanga) Khatanga R. (near Khatanga) Khatanga R. (near Khatanga) Muscle 1Indigirka R. (near Chokurdakh) Indigirka R. (near Chokurdakh) Indigirka R. (near Chokurdakh) Indigirka R. (near Chokurdakh) Indigirka R. (near Chokurdakh) 0.05 Komi Rep.Lake Kapylty, 0.05 Komi Rep.Pechora River, RussiaPechora River, 67°30'N Russia Pechora River, 67°40'N 53°54'E 52°59'E 1994 Nov. 0.01 1994 Nov. Alaska Alaska North Slope Siberian whitefish Muscle RCMA 1995 7 1972-1973 21 0.011±0.006 0.005±0.002 53 0.024-0.087 Mannio 1996 0.087±0.035 Weiss Beaufort Sea 1979 Cont. Shelf 7 32.±7 112.±14 Ob River (near Salekhard)Ob River (near Salekhard)Ob River (near Salekhard) 66°36'3NOb River (near Salekhard) 66°36'3N 66°21',6EOb River (near Salekhard) 66°36'3N 66°21',6E 15 July 1995Ob River (near Salekhard) 66°36'3N 66°21',6E 15 July 1995Ob River (near Salekhard) 66°36'3N 66°21',6E 15 July 1995 Ob River (near Salekhard) 66°36'3N 66°21',6E 15 July 1995 66°36'3N 66°21',6E 15 July 1995 66°36'3N 66°21',6E 15 July 1995 66°21',6E 15 July 1995 15 July 1995Ob River 66°40'N Muscle Liver 67°30E Liver 1 1 Liver 1 Liver 0.12 1 0.21 1 0.80 <0.05 0.15 0.24 0.05 0.06 0.02 0.05 <0.05 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.03 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 RCMA 1995 Area Dec. deg. Dec. deg. year sample type depth, m n Copper Zinc Lead Cadmium Mercury Aluminum % Lithium Remarks Reference ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– zinc, lead, cadmium and mercury in Arctic marine sediments. 7·A10. Copper, Table ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 474 AMAP Assessment Report –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Concentration, mg/kg dw ± SD (unless otherwise indicated) 70.96N70.1717N70.0942N 153.2928W 146.035W70.07N 1989 144.0902W 198970.0682N 198970.06N 144.7933W 145.2065W70.0267N 1989 1989 <63 µm N70.4352N 145.3217W 144.547W <63 µm N <63 µm N70.215N 1989 147.7183W 198970.0083N 1989 146.195W <63 µm N <63 µm N70.3817N 145.095W70.3698N 1989 147.956W 1989 <63 µm N70.4557N 147.7968W <63 µm N 1989 <63 µm N70.4413N 148.502W 198970.6695N 148.826W 1989 <63 µm N70.3497N 151.202W <63 µm N 198970.5817N 147.6632W <63 µm N 1989 <63 µm N70.361N 148.9167W 198970.0953N 1989 <63 µm N 1 148.9935W70.3652N 1 142.81W <63 µm N 1989 170.0993N 148.0258W <63 µm N <63 µm N70.4885N 1989 142.9017W 1989 21.60 1 1 <63 µm N 18.4070.1022N 148.0432W 1989 22.9070.556N 143.775W 1989 <63 µm N 170.2983N 1 23.20 19.80 107.0 150.4103W 1989 1 <63 µm N <63 µm N70.3567N 147.04W 96.0 103.0 1989 <63 µm N70.5233N 147.9188W 24.60 1 <63 µm N 29.7070.4085N 1989 1 149.91W 1989 24.80 110.0 99.070.6277N 1 148.5595W <63 µm N 13.80 170.9142N 1989 152.1648W 1989 <63 µm N 18.60 117.0 23.20 38.10 108.0 7.20 1 152.005W 1989 122.0 <63 µm N <63 µm N 25.67 1 22.70 11.50 1989 12.60 1 102.0 1 <63 µm N <63 µm N 21.50 131.0 0.19060.7512N 10.20 1 <63 µm N 14.30 120.3 0.14064.868N 12.50 57.0853W 102.0 0.150 12.20 27.0066.7187N 1 <63 µm N 23.30 57.168W 1977 105.0 0.11066.7342N 60.2355W 27.50 0.130 11.90 1 166.7503N 19.50 58.9672W 90.0 1977 1977 1 18.63 113.0 0.28066.7508N 55.417W 123.0 0.110 9.37 1977 1 0.12068.1172N 6.60 61.0358W GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm 25.20 23.13 134.069.9692N 1977 10.50 1 61.3337W 23.20 1977 121.0 0.25071.0012N 1 GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm * 62.767W GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm 24.10 0.260 197771.117N 3.90 12.20 69.6505W GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm 104.7 125.3 1 1 19.20 658 0.18771.2167N 1977 5.80 106.3 0.100 70.3505W 1977 15.30 GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm 30.80 75071.2667N 69.5853W GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm 108.0 0.190 1 1 58071.4017N 1977 70.45W GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm * 18.13 23.47 7.50 1977 1 1 93371.4167N 70.1183W 79.7 0.100 0.100 11.80 GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm * 119.0 172.2003N 9.43 1 69.6358W GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm 23.70 22.50 104 0.170 1682 1977 1977 15.40 1 335 0.14073.6838N 65.9675W 18.40 14.00 108.3 1977 11.90 GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm 1 88.0 201273.6842N 61.635W GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm * 12.00 1977 23.20 0.14773.6855N 64.552W 1 107.0 14.00 110.0 1 14.83 1 119 0.10073.7N 1977 17.10 GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm 58.6513W GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm 25.00 100.0 0.170 0.127 45.00 1 18273.7N 1977 GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm 260 1977 107.0 0.16073.7N 10.02 5.07 67.00 GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm * 45.00 5.00 14.00 66.9858W 1 34.0073.7837N 70.4833W 72.00 10.20 GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm * 476 348 0.120 58.00 1 197773.9167N 9.60 81.952W 1 0.200 2323 75.9167W 10.60 GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm * 19.00 285 197774.117N 82W GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm 99.00 4.00 23.00 15.00 25.00 197774.1692N 1977 14.90 0.123 0.147 540 14.00 90.3683W 1 17.00 1 151874.2508N 85.968W 91.00 7.00 1 GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm * 26.00 1 0.27074.3333N 1977 90.4192W 0.130 USA*** GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm * 1977 214 0.06074.4003N 0.069 1977 94.2522W 14.00 USA*** 17.00 1 12.00 GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm * 1977 GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm 13.00 18.00 6.00 USA*** 2326 174.4342 81.00 90.3672W 48.00 0.078 12.00 0.190 1977 29.00 32.00 146374.452N 0.053 USA*** 1977 GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm 1 81.9675W USA*** 75.8522N 0.088 46.00 GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm * 901 68.00 94.2672W GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm * 0.040 1 50.00 83.8192W GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm 30.00 483 1977 USA*** 28.00 90.00 0.151 USA*** 1 40.00 0.050 25.00 0.087 0.071 1977 GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm USA*** 1977 33.00 0.040 5.00 GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm * 655 106.00 214 0.132 1 520 81.00 106.00 0.050 1 USA*** 66.00 5.50 25.00 232 GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm * USA*** 28.00 25.00 0.100 0.058 GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm 0.020 26.00 0.040 174 6.20 36.00 232 GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm * 1 1 0.062 USA*** 21.00 1 5.10 21.00 USA*** 30.00 0.090 0.051 86.00 23.00 5.80 105.00 1 750 USA*** 17.00 29.00 1 23.00 1 590 35.00 0.040 155 5.50 0.048 4.70 15.00 4.90 79.00 0.110 USA*** USA*** 0.070 0.053 23.00 16.00 19.00 41.00 0.040 1 7.20 USA*** 30.00 37.00 0.152 12.00 USA*** 29.00 26.00 0.195 1 1 62.00 41.00 66.00 6.30 62.00 0.060 24.00 11.00 USA*** 18.00 0.090 8.00 0.070 6.10 33.00 16.00 USA*** 6.90 0.081 62.00 39.00 20.00 0.050 USA*** 28.00 0.080 40.00 0.099 USA*** 0.100 0.146 12.00 14.00 USA*** 12.00 64.00 6.30 6.00 7.00 6.20 Doug Loring/Canada 26.00 11.00 0.292 77.00 0.040 10.00 USA*** 44.00 0.170 6.00 12.00 Doug Loring/Canada 6.80 USA*** 0.110 12.00 6.60 0.090 Doug Loring/Canada 0.150 0.259 Doug Loring/Canada 23.00 12.00 0.145 USA*** USA*** 66.00 18.00 0.050 14.00 6.40 0.155 13.00 0.080 Doug Loring/Canada USA*** 22.00 Doug Loring/Canada 48.00 7.80 USA*** Doug Loring/Canada 0.080 50.00 6.70 0.233 USA*** Doug Loring/Canada 0.080 0.040 0.020 USA*** 6.10 0.060 3.40 8.00 0.311 Doug Loring/Canada 62.00 0.198 0.070 Doug Loring/Canada 0.080 62.00 Doug Loring/Canada 3.20 3.60 4.50 56.00 3.00 43.00 Doug Loring/Canada 0.050 0.050 Doug Loring/Canada 2.70 Doug Loring/Canada 3.40 0.050 Doug Loring/Canada 45.00 41.00 Doug Loring/Canada 66.00 Doug Loring/Canada 34.00 5.90 3.70 24.00 57.00 6.10 Doug Latitude Longitude Sampling Sediment Water Beaufort Sea 70.1633N 145.3362W 1989 <63 µm N 1 25.20 116.0Canadian Arctic 15.60Baffin Bay 0.120 60.0683N 57.8022W 1977 GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm * 2720 1 28.00 59.00 17.00 USA*** 0.107 0.060 4.70 29.00 Doug Loring/Canada Area Dec. deg. Dec. deg. year sample type depth, m n Copper Zinc Lead Cadmium Mercury Aluminum % Lithium Remarks Reference ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Chapter 7 · Heavy Metals 475 . 1983** . 1982** . 1984 . 1982** . 1982** . 1982** . 1983** . 1982** . 1983** . 1982** . 1982** . 1982** . 1982** . 1982** et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al Bourgoin and Risk 1987 Bourgoin and Risk 1987 Bourgoin and Risk 1987 Bourgoin and Risk 1987 Macdonald and Thomas 1991 Macdonald and Thomas 1991 Macdonald and Thomas 1991 Thomas and Erickson 1983** Gobeil and Macdonald, unpubl. Gobeil and Macdonald, unpubl. Gobeil and Macdonald, unpubl. Gobeil and Macdonald, unpubl. Gobeil and Macdonald, unpubl. Gobeil and Macdonald, unpubl. Gobeil and Macdonald, unpubl. Gobeil and Macdonald, unpubl. Strong Mn-profile Cd max at 17 cm, Mn max at 2.5 cm Mn high in upper 3 cm Cd and Ag increase strongly at 21 cm, where Mn is min. 21 22 22 1823 0.05 0.07 Campbell and Loring 1980 Campbell and Loring 1980 1982 * 133 – 55.-132 26.-150 1.-5. – Thomas 1981 Cont Shelf * 50 26.1±0.60 181.±21.7 – 0.38±0.0005 0.068±0.010 Thomas 1980 Cont Shelf * 38 31.4±0.2 158.±3.2 5.18±0.26 – 0.102±0.004 Thomas 1979 Cont Shelf * 11 22.9±0.2 118.±2.4 43.5±2.2 0.12±0.007 – Thomas 1978 Cont Shelf * 124 26.6±0.16 124.±1.9 1.4±0.2 4.60±0.30 0.074±0.004 Thomas 1982 *1977 Cont Shelf * 16 4.38±1.78 204 25.4±8.30 25.4±1.02 6.09±1.18 105.±3 0.072±0.059 0.006±0.006 3.40±0.60 – 0.070±0.004 Thomas Thomas 64.31N64.8633N66.4633N 51.3117W 53.0933W69.3083N 54.815W 1987 198769.3667N 51.19W69.7167N 1987 54.8383W69.7167N 51.5667W 1987 198769.9167N NC,0-1 cm<2000 µm 51.5667W NC,0-1 cm<2000 µm 198770.295N 51.55W 1987 NC,0-1 cm<2000 µm 53.6233W NC,0-1 cm<2000 µm NC,0-1 cm<2000 µm 390 400 1987 1987 NC,0-1 cm<2000 µm 260 NC,0-1 cm<2000 µm 1 380 1 265 NC,0-1 cm<2000 µm NC,0-1 cm<2000 µm 1 51 51 37.00 20.00 1 1 420 1 390 8.00 1 37.00 55.00 85.00 58.00 137.00 1 1 128.00 41.00 76.00 76.00 43.00 145.00 24.00 16.00 90.00 90.00 10.00 100.00 19.00 12.00 65.00 0.310 0.110 8.00 8.00 0.090 19.00 6.00 0.840 0.090 0.150 0.130 0.050 0.120 7.65 6.51 6.57 6.68 5.62 38.00 21.00 7.25 7.29 13.00 36.00 24.00 6.96 6.35 18.00 18.00 28.00 19.00 Doug Loring/Canada Doug Loring/Canada Doug Loring/Canada Doug Loring/Canada Doug Loring/Canada Doug Loring/Canada Doug Loring/Canada Doug Loring/Canada Doug Loring/Canada 75.9667N76.0687N 83.8347W76.1667N 83.8175W 197776.3337N 83.8512W 197777.3187N 83.8175W 197777.6672N 74.4853W 197778.0005N 74.3022W GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm * 197778.3025N 73.9517W GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm * 1977– 74.2667W GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm * 1977 658 GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm 1977 585 GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm * 374 GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm 1 GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm 120 1 724 GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm 1 42.00 227 32.00 1 560 1 28.00 500 1 1977 83.00 20.00 37.00 1 65.00 1 62.00 11.00 19.00 GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm 41.00 15.00 74.00 10.00 16.00 25.00 12.00 47.00 534 10.00 25.00 11.00 0.176 0.105 16.00 1 0.100 11.00 12.00 0.020 0.262 0.139 18.00 0.050 0.05070-76N 0.098 0.175 0.020 5.60 0.020 65-86W 0.094 46.00 5.10 0.050 5.00 1983 0.060 3.00 74.00 0.050 5.90 15.00 55.00 4.50 59.00 m.th.70% mud 4.50 51.00 3.40 58.00 0.158 17.00 36.00 15.00 Doug Loring/Canada Doug Loring/Canada Doug Loring/Canada 7 Doug Loring/Canada Doug Loring/Canada 4.30 Doug Loring/Canada 66 Doug Loring/Canada Doug Loring/Canada 35.0071.1900N 141.4517W 91 1992 0-2 cm * 24 Doug Loring/Canada >3000 5 0.09 48.4±1.5 153±2 29.0±0.6 0.136±0.015 0.112 8.9±0.3 Loring 1984 SandMuddy sand sandy mudVery Sandy mudMud 70-76N 70-76N 65-86W 70-76N 65-86W 70-76N 65-86W 1983 1983 65-86W 70-76N 1983 1983 m.th.30% mud 65-86W 5-30% mud l.th.5% mud 1983 m.th.70% mud m.th.95% mud 12 5 16±5.2 11 1 9±4.8 29±10 40±10 9 4 28±9.6 64±18.4 18±7.5 61±18.2 20±5.6 17 18±6.0 89±13.5 0.106±0.063 0.05±0.020 21±8.5 0.071±0.015 0.145±0.097 4.58±1.4 0.04±0.014 30 0.06±0.014 5.56±0.78 5.33±1.18 0.144±0.030 0.07±0.039 6.31±1.02 0.058 0.04 Loring 1984 6.30 Loring 1984 Loring 1984 Loring 1984 Loring 1984 Fossil site Control site Hamlets dump site Strathcona SoundLancaster SoundJones SoundBaffin BayArctic nearshore muds 74.22N 70-76N 84W 76N 65-86W 70-75N 1983 1983 86W 65-80W 1975 m.th.70% mud 1983 62.3% mud 1983 * 59.3% mud 69.7% mud 9 surface 12 23.±6.5 26 surface 29 5 surface 30.±26 47.±14 32.±8.7 61 57.±30 11 14.±3.7 66.±16 22.±6.0 – 0.15±0.08 13.±2.4 15 0.06±0.02 0.11±0.06 0.19±0.09 4.9±1.13 81.±41 0.06±0.03 0.04±0.02 5.93±093 17.±11 4.92±1.12 <0.2 0.05 1.6±1.2 Loring 1984 Loring 1984 Loring 1984 Loring 1984 Fallis 1982 IssungnakCrozier Strait 1982 1981 * * 0-61 m 9 77 24.±7 – 121.±36 – 33.-107 1.7-6.1 0.25±0.06 0.14-0.63 0.088±0.045 – Erickson 3 sites near Pangnirtung Hawkin 1Fogo 4Hudson Bay 10Arctic costal areas and soundsBaffin Bay m.th. 500 m 55.55N 63.65NBeaufort Sea Carotte L-014 78.75W 90.65W 58.01N 81.28W 1992 1988 73.1925N 1977 126.4593W 1993 1990 1-28 0-25 cm 1977 25-35 0-2 cm * 112 24 26 5 10 60.6±4.9 100±3 19.3±1.6 0.222±0.148 14.9±4.24 4.17±0.72 0.31±0.15 10.7±1.63 0.18±0.073 0.019±0.009 0.021±0.005 0.32±0.11 6.4±0.2 0.027±0.003 L. Lockhart, unpubl. L. Lockhart, unpubl. L. Lockhart, unpubl. Beaufort shelfBeaufort shelfBeaufort Sea Hb.Tuktoyaktuk 1982 1980 50% mud * 100% mud *Baffin Bay deep-sea muds * Many Many 41 26 12.5±12.9 160.5 91.5 73.8±46.9 32.±0.16Carotte L-024Carotte L-050 12.4±3.11 171..±3.4 20.1Carotte ss-3 14.6 0.32±0.31Carotte ss-4 70.145N 5.80±0.29Station 44, Crosiere 9170 70.408N 133.426W 0.030±0.028 139.0808W – 70.9707N 1990 1990 Greenland West 134.69WNW Greenland 70.0017N 1990 138.5883W 0-2 cm * 1990 0-2 cm * 0.0965 0.14±0.006 0.0540 64.31N 0-2 cm * 0-2 cm * 51.3117W 1987 41 711 NC,0-1 cm<2000 µm 274 5 5 268 390 Thomas 5 40.3±1.2 49.0±1.9 5 1 171±2 181±6 42.1±1.2 41.7±0.8 33.00 159±2 168±4 Thomas 26.1±1.8 33.6±1.0 75.00 27.4±2.6 0.218±0.038 0.240±0.029 26.3±1.8 24.00 0.150±0.027 0.238±0.019 0.120 9.4±0.2 9.3±0.3 8.7±0.2 8.6±0.1 7.09 36.00 Doug Loring/Canada Kugmalit BayMackenzie DeltaMcKinley BayS. Beaufort Sea 1977 1981 1981 1976 * * * Cont Shelf * 26 134 9 40.0±5.32 15 160.±18 – 8.77±0.20 20.6±0.62 41.2±4.9 6.0±6.2 96.1±11.5 101.±9.1 8.31±0.17 – 1.09±0.32 20.7±4.97 0.14±0.0002 0.243±0.043 0.017±0.001 1.33±0.54 0.062±0.011 – 0.027±0.004 Thomas Thomas Thomas Thomas Beaufort shelf 0% mud Many 22.5 9.1 0.0115 476 AMAP Assessment Report . 1997a . 1997a . 1997a . 1997b; Loring . 1997b; . 1997b; Loring . 1997b; Loring . 1997b; Loring . 1997b; Loring . 1997b; Loring . 1997b; et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al and Asmund 1996 and Asmund 1996 and Asmund 1996 and Asmund 1996 and Asmund 1996 and Asmund 1996 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Loring and Asmund 1996 D. Loring/Canada, pers. comm. D. Loring/Canada, pers. comm. D. Loring/Canada, pers. comm. D. Loring/Canada, pers. comm. D. Loring/Canada, pers. comm. D. Loring/Canada, pers. comm. D. Loring/Canada, pers. comm. D. Loring/Canada, pers. comm. D. Loring/Canada, pers. comm. D. Loring/Canada, pers. comm. D. Loring/Canada, pers. comm. D. Loring/Canada, pers. comm. D. Loring/Canada, pers. comm. D. Loring/Canada, pers. comm. D. Loring/Canada, pers. comm. D. Loring/Canada, pers. comm. D. Loring/Canada, pers. comm. D. Loring/Canada, pers. comm. D. Loring/Canada, pers. comm. D. Loring/Canada, pers. comm. D. Loring/Canada, pers. comm. ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Concentration, mg/kg dw ± SD (unless otherwise indicated) 31.0±1.6515.2 70.1±8.437.6±4.8040.3±3.28 71.8±20.115.0±4.50 106.±13.1 15.9±1.2413.2±2.53 45.1 40.3±10.732.7±3.0 20.4±2.40 37.1±4.4338.5±3.0 19.4±1.41 0.08±0.0422.8±3.10 14.1±1.39 81.0±10.7 0.21±0.0722.9±2.62 12.8±0.63 16.3 62.1±10.7 0.24±0.08 49.2±10.828.5±1.87 21.3±1.8 0.14±0.03 43.5±11.426.7±2.55 23.2±1.8 0.12±0.03 75.5±14.525.4±8.09 16.8±1.16 88.6±15.722.4±3.21 15.8±1.80 0.112±0.021 0.011±0.006 58.7±30.9622.6±2.18 20.5±3.37 0.09 0.123±0.021 0.113±0.030 76.3±12.428.3±3.13 18.3±1.27 7.93±0.21 12.7±5.42 0.175±0.132 72.8±13.626.4±2.47 8.31±0.26 0.142±0.030 40±1 77.0±7.6038.2±10.5 31.4±2.29 0.229±0.132 89.5±33.3±5.05 32.0±2.18 0.181±0.099 56±2 5.66±0.51 0.019±0.003 73.6±7.8637.1±5.97 30.4±2.75 0.012±0.006 0.08±0.04 56.9±8.05 25±4 0.09±0.05 47.7±11.692.4±8.49 27.5±2.25 0.10±0.04 32.9±1.24 6.67±0.3898.1±8.91 24.3±2.42 48.3±9.4857.1±7.21 26.8±1.66 35±4 0.15±0.07 0.012±0.004 7.02±0.12 6.48 0.10±0.04 0.12±0.05 7.27±0.34 65.6±9.76 35±3 7.8±1.27 0.16±0.10 27.8±10.99 Loring and Asmund 1996 0.013±0.003 46±1 21.3±2.12 48.9±10.19 7.74±0.16 Loring and Asmund 1996 16 0.08±0.0443.5±5.23 11.9±1.29 51±1 0.06±0.04 Loring and Asmund 1996 39.3±6.79 8.4±1.94 49.3±12.633.7±5.23 6.83±0.17 Loring and Asmund 1996 0.150±0.067 55.1±13.2 0.015±0.009 Loring and Asmund 1996 68.1±8.66 18.8±2.89 27±1 20.4±1.79 16.7±1.27 Loring and Asmund 1996 Loring and Asmund 1996 18.0 16.2±1.70 0.06±0.03 62.3±9.3928.5±3.6 6.13±0.07 0.10±0.05 Loring and Asmund 1996 43.9 Riget Loring and Asmund 1996 7.27±0.06 0.11±0.06 23±1 15.2±1.34 80.5±19.8 Loring and Asmund 1996 Loring and Asmund 1996 0.018±0.004 0.009±0.004 87.5 41±1 Loring and Asmund 1996 22.2±1.60 0.15±0.04 90.0 0.22±0.06 7.52±0.41 7.1 0.045±0.016 30±1 21.4 7.55±0.63 7.21±0.17 41±3 38±1 6.92±0.3031.2±2.89 0.12 24±2 Riget 35.1±2.01 111.3±12.8 92.1±10.2 24.5±2.55 Loring and Asmund 1996 27.5±3.81 0.09±0.03 Loring and Asmund 1996 Loring and Asmund 1996 Loring and Asmund 1996 0.12±0.05 0.165±0.068 0.078±0.027 Loring and Asmund 1996 7.65 8.55±0.28 51±3 38 Loring and Asmund 1996 Loring and Asmund 1996 Dietz 131.±10.0137119.±13.2 40.4±16.8 124.00 10.7±1.20 8.9±1.70 0.10±0.04 7.0 0.17±0.03 0.042±0.031 7.41±0.16 19±1 7.35±0.12 18±1 Dietz 6.35 Loring and Asmund 1996 19 Dietz ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ $ $ $ $ $ $ 71.375N71.6617N 54.54W72.7217N 59.3567W72.8967N 55.675W 1987 198772.9283N 55.6517W76.5167N 1987 55.2733W 198776.6383N 69.1667W 198777.3667N 69.445W NC,0-1 cm<2000 µm NC,0-1 cm<2000 µm 198777.505N 73.2267W NC,0-1 cm<2000 µm77.5333N 1987 NC,0-1 cm<2000 µm 70.2633W 198777.64N 68.5W NC,0-1 cm<2000 µm 425 1987 NC,0-1 cm<2000 µm 52 500 69.9233W 350 NC,0-1 cm<2000 µm 1987 NC,0-1 cm<2000 µm 1 970 1 227 NC,0-1 cm<2000 µm 1 1 126 60.00 1 295 NC,0-1 cm<2000 µm 89.00 1 28.00 162 30.00 1 NC,0-1 cm<2000 µm 25.00 105.00 1 500 27.00 79.00 1 68.00 21.00 84.00 14.00 110 98.00 1 20.00 19.00 68.00 8.00 32.00 48.00 1 34.00 33.00 38.00 34.00 63.00 0.100 20.00 38.00 17.00 86.00 0.070 0.200 13.00 0.100 0.060 16.00 98.00 0.080 19.00 0.190 0.070 0.160 20.00 7.38 0.080 6.04 6.58 6.80 0.110 7.57 41.00 6.85 22.00 25.00 6.14 44.00 5.39 50.00 6.48 31.00 30.00 7.45 23.00 28.00 7.99 37.00 53.00 65.55N65.9383N67.9667N 37.45W 37.1333W68N 30.1W 198571.1N 198572.05N 198572.7633N 23.3333W 25.1W72.94N 22.6W 22.9833W NC,0-1 cm<2000 µm * 1985 NC,0-1 cm<2000 µm 1985 24.8283W 1985 NC,0-1 cm<2000 µm 250 1985 1985 NC,0-1 cm<2000 µm 525 NC,0-1 cm<2000 µm * 1 227 NC,0-1 cm<2000 µm * NC,0-1 cm<2000 µm NC,0-1 cm<2000 µm * 1300 1 65 32.00 470 1 245 315 19.00 1 117.00 1 1 85.00 1 82.00 1 70.00 25.00 100.00 56.00 29.00 33.00 14.00 105.00 119.00 14.00 58.00 8.00 111.00 86.00 20.00 0.087 28.00 19.00 0.083 29.00 24.00 0.100 0.112 0.099 0.064 0.104 0.084 7.73 7.18 6.80 17.00 7.26 7.87 10.00 6.07 17.00 8.62 7.76 35.00 44.00 34.00 52.00 44.00 Latitude Longitude Sampling Sediment Water QeqertarsuaqMudderbugt, Qeq. 69.717N 51.9W 1987 0-N cm 1994 0-2 cm 51 m 10-18 5 Upernavik IcefjordUpernavik 72.917NBlack Hole Upk. 55.273WSvartenhuk 1987Uummannaq 72.685N 72.880NUummannaq 55.668W 55.652W 0-N cm 1987 1987 71.644N 71.358N 71.358N 59.333W 54.54W 54.54W 0-N cm 0-N cm 1987 1987 1987 960 m 17-19 0-N cm 0-N cm 0-N cmGodthåb Fjord 520 m 350 m 12-13 16-17 64.293N 425 52 m 51.295W 14-18 52 m 15-16 21 1987 64.0±1.8 0-N cm 99.6±5.2Kong Oscars Fjord 16.8±0.3 72.05N 0.218±0.021 390 m 22.6W 14-16 1985 7.45±0.18 0-N cm 45±2 315 m 9-12 Ritenbenk, e.o.Qeq. 69.917N 51.55W 1987 0-N cm 420 m 17-18 NW Greenland 71.255N 53.4833W 1987 NC,0-1 cm<2000 µmBowdoin Fjord 525 1 77.533N 68.5W 59.00 1987 100.00 0-N cm 26.00 0.070 500 m 17 7.25 41.00 Kong Oscars Fjord 72.05N 22.6W 1985 0-N cm 315 m 16-18 Area Dec. deg. Dec. deg. year sample type depth, m n Copper Zinc Lead Cadmium Mercury Aluminum % Lithium Remarks Reference Upernavik IcefjordUpernavik 72.917NBlack Hole Upk. 55.273WBlack Hole Upk. 1987 72.685N 72.880N 55.668W 55.652W 72.685N 0-N cmIgdlorssuit, Uum. 1987 55.668W 1987 1987 71.255NVaigat 0-N cm 53.483W 0-N cm 0-N cm 1987 960 m 19-21 0-N cm 70.278N 520 m 350 m 53.623W 18-21 520 m 14 1987 10-11 East Greenland 525 mEast Greenland 0-N cm 17-18 60.075N 44.0417W 1985 390 m NC,0-1 cm<2000 µm 1 450 1 16.00 71.00 21.00 0.235 7.13 23.00 Murchinson SoundMac Cormic FjordMac Cormic Fjord 77.505NHacluyt Island 77.640N 70.247WHacluyt Island 77.640NNorth Star Bay St. 7 69.64W 1987North Star Bay St. 6 69.64W Fjord 76.5NWolstenholme 77.367N 1987 Fjord 76.5NWolstenholme 77.367N 1987 73.21W 76.638NBylot Sound 69W 0-N cm 73.21W 76.638NBylot Sound 69W 69.422WAvanersuaq 1987 0-N cm 69.422W 1987 0-N cm 1987 1987 1987 76.517N 1987 0-N cm 76.517N 69.167W 0-N cm 0-N cm 69.167W 0-N cm 0-N cm 162 m 1987 0-N cm 1987 110 m 22-23 110 m 1 20-22 0-N cm 0-N cm 295 mQeqertarsuaq 295 m 126 m 12 126 m 9-10 200 12-14 15 1994 8-9 5 69.717N 227 mRitenbenk, e.o.Qeq. 51.9W 11-14 227 m 3 Ilulissat, e.o.Qeq. 17-18 Godhavn Rende 69.917N 1987Holsteinborg Dybet 51.55WManitsoq 69.292NManitsoq 66.447N 69.367N 51.19W 1987 0-N cm 54.798WGodthåb Fjord 54.838WNanortalik 1987 1987 1987 0-N cm 64.847N 64.847N 64.293N 53.077W 0-N cm 0-N cm 53.077W 51.295W 0-N cm 1987 1987 1987 51 m 15-17 5 0-N cm 420 m 0-N cm 0-N cm 18-20 380 m 17-19 260 265 21 6 1994 400 m 18-20 400 m 390 m 70.6±1.8 4.0±0.2 0-2 cm 1 1 87±8 44±3 12.5±0.4 11.0±0.3 0.142±0.020 0.075±0.018 0.028±0.004 6.64±0.72 27±2 5 22.3±7.05 6.55±0.03 13±1 86.5±19.94 17.1±2.52 Loring and Asmund 1996 0.194±0.018 0.035±0.012 Loring and Asmund 1996 Riget ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Chapter 7 · Heavy Metals 477 . 1997a . 1997b; et al et al OSPARCOM/MRll Iceland OSPARCOM/MRll Iceland OSPARCOM/MRll Iceland OSPARCOM/MRll Iceland OSPARCOM/MRll Iceland OSPARCOM/MRll Iceland OSPARCOM/MRll Iceland OSPARCOM/MRll Iceland OSPARCOM/MRll Iceland OSPARCOM/MRll Iceland OSPARCOM/MRll Iceland OSPARCOM/MRll Iceland OSPARCOM/MRll Iceland OSPARCOM/MRll Iceland OSPARCOM/MRll OSPARCOM/NIVA OSPARCOM/NIVA OSPARCOM/NIVA OSPARCOM/NIVA OSPARCOM/NIVA OSPARCOM/NIVA OSPARCOM/NIVA OSPARCOM/NIVA OSPARCOM/NIVA OSPARCOM/NIVA OSPARCOM/NIVA OSPARCOM/NIVA OSPARCOM/NIVA OSPARCOM/NIVA OSPARCOM/NIVA OSPARCOM/NIVA OSPARCOM/NIVA OSPARCOM/NIVA OSPARCOM/NIVA OSPARCOM/NIVA OSPARCOM/NIVA OSPARCOM/NIVA OSPARCOM/NIVA OSPARCOM/NIVA OSPARCOM/NIVA OSPARCOM/NIVA OSPARCOM/NIVA 0.01 30.3±3.9 ≤ 30.8±6.6029.3±1.79 74.6±7.83 79.0±7.6432.2±4.26 24.1±2.47 69.7±8.66 23.1±2.24 0.07±0.04 19.1±1.91 0.06±0.06 0.13±0.04 0.042±0.04059.3±7.8335.3±18.7 0.024±0.009 84.2±9.3549.9±12.6 7.33±1.11 83.2±20.127.8±2.97 103.5±17.031.8±4.00 11.1±3.20 46±11 8.07±0.27 81.4±16.120.7±2.62 14.0±1.33 15.1±1.31 69.4±6.9717.3±3.25 46±2 0.12±0.06 91.8±9.15 13.2±2.12 0.05±0.05 84.3±18.4 12.7±1.20 0.04±0.02 0.097±0.024 23.0±2.12 0.14±0.06 0.070±0.071 7.59±0.09 21.2±3.97 0.070±0.020 0.05±0.05 7.49±0.32 22±2 0.10±0.07 0.026±0.013 0.13±0.05 15±6 Loring and Asmund 1996 Loring and Asmund 1996 Loring and Asmund 1996 7.78±0.07 7.13 18±1 Loring and Asmund 1996 Loring and Asmund 1996 23 Loring and Asmund 1996 Loring and Asmund 1996 Loring and Asmund 1996 Loring and Asmund 1996 Loring and Asmund 1996 120±10.0131±7.50 57.6±9.73 79.3±8.77 12.±1.20 10.0±1.20 0.18±0.10 0.15±0.08 0.019±0.004 6.92±0.13 19±2 Loring and Asmund 1996 Dietz ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ 45-50 cm/2000 µm20-22 cm/2000 µm20-25 cm/2000 µm31-40 cm/2000 µm20-27 cm/2000 µm 1 2 28 2 25.5±2.8 2 19.0±1.4 70±1.4 75 2 15.5±0.7 75.0±5.7 20.3±1.8 153±4 10.3±1.1 15.8±0.4 22 95.0±7.1 0.165±0.007 0.015±0.007 26.5±0.7 0.145±0.007 20.3±1.1 l.th.0.01 0.090±0.00 0.21 0.095±0.007 0.015±0.007 25±0 0.03 30.5±4.2 63.3±1.8 31.5 63.7377N 21.814W 199064.2253N 24.051W64.0568N GC<63 µm,0-1 cm *64.1048N 1990 24.353W 24.298W 1990 1990 119 GC<63 µm,0-1 cm GC<63 µm,0-1 cm * 1 GC<63 µm,0-1 cm * 261 61.4 360 323 1 1 171.00 1 56 49 48.2 4.59 164.00 154.00 126.00 0.400 11.20 18.00 12.10 0.011 0.260 0.220 0.270 7.14 0.015 0.018 0.015 6.46 5.98 6.24 AndfjordKvænangenTennskjær-Malangen area/Hammerfest areaarea/Laksefjord area/Porangen areaarea/Sørøya (south) Outer Orkdalhavn (inner Orkdal) Trossavika area/Syltefjord 20-30 cm,<2000 µmarea/Tanafjord 35-40 cm,<2000 µm 30-35 cm,<2000 µm 40-45 cm,<2000 µm 2 2 2 25.00 29.50 19.50 40-45 cm,<2000 µm 111.50 2 80.50 63.50 23.00 17.40 12.50 13.85 1 72.00 0.115 26.50 0.145 0.200 11.75 0.019 114.00 0.011 0.009 0.205 18.50 0.014 0.050 49.25 33.25 30.75 0.020 32.50 46 Denmark Strait 67.967N 30.1W 1985 0-N cm 227 m 9-18 Ella Island SoundVega SoundVega Denmark StraitScoresbysundScoresbysund 72.94NScoresbysund 72.747N 68.000N 72.747N 22.983W 24.812W 23.333W 71.100N 22.983W 71.100N 1985 1985Ammassalik 25.1W 1985 1985Ammassalik 25.1WAmmassalikAmmassalik 1985 0-N cm 0-N cm 0-N cmSouth Greenland 1985 0-N cmSouth Greenland 65.550N 65.550N 0-N cm 34.45WIceland 65.938N 60.058N 0-N cm 34.45WJ70371C1 65.938N 60.058N 37.133W 44.025W 1985 37.133W 44.025W 1985 1985 245 m 1985 1994 1300 m 65 m 1985 1985 65 m 0-N cm 20 14-15 18 0-N cm 16 63.7217N 0-N cm 470 m 0-N cm 0-2 cm 21.941W 0-N cm 470 m 0-N cm 75±3 31.8±4.40 7-8 14-16 1990 67.9±30.0 50.9±6.51 54.7±3.17 102±3 525 m GC<63 µm,0-1 cm * 22.7±2.40 83.2±5.37 92.1±21.4 11-16 525 m 250 m 450 m 19-12 250 m 18-19 450 m 26.1±2.26 0.09±0.04 25.0±3.20 18±2 18 127 16 13 0.12±0.07 0.12±0.06 1 6 0.08±0.03 59.8 0.165±0.016 14.8±10.0 7.44±0.16 60.3±38.5 38±11 157.00 7.87 15.5±2.95 0.094±0.020 5.69 44 0.014±0.011 0.370 Loring and Asmund 1996 0.012 Loring and Asmund 1996 Loring and Asmund 1996 7.35 Loring and Asmund 1996 Riget Hammerf.-Honningsv. Hammerf.-Honningsv. 70.7143N 24.4442E 1994Hammerf.-Honningsv. 70.8822N 26.1982E 0-1 cm,<2000 µmOrkdalsfjorden/ 1994 0-1 cm,<2000 µm 63.4567N 224Orkdalsfjorden/ 10.05E Peninsula Varanger 3 1992 63.3617N PeninsulaVaranger 70.5657N 300 9.9567E 30.3318E 28.00 70.8757N 1994 1992 0-1 cm,<2000 µm 3 28.6422E 85.67 1994 26.33 0-1 cm,<2000 µm 0-1 cm,<2000 µm 494 22.97 0-1 cm,<2000 µm 85.67 3 126 355 0.123 24.33 45.33 340 3 3 408.33 3 172.00 0.055 8.63 0.083 29.67 453.33 37.17 35.00 0.046 78.33 108.33 0.055 10.33 30.50 24.53 1.710 0.073 0.113 30.83 0.110 0.21 0.09 0.06 46.33 43.83 12.00 27.33 Ella Island 72.94N 24.812W 1985 0-N cm 245 mJ70371C2J70424D1 17 J70424D2J70424D3 63.744N 64.1477NJ70563B1 21.699W 64.196N 24.252WJ70563B2J70563B4 24.2W 1990 64.0217N 1990J70563D1 24.322WJ70616A1 1990 1990 GC<63 µm,0-1 cm * 65.9362NNorway GC<63 µm,0-1 cm * 65.924N 13.351WAalesund 65.825N 13.191W 65.707N GC<63 µm,0-1 cm * 1990Raudøya GC<63 µm,0-1 cm * 13.242W 117 66.4188N 298 13.357W 1990 16.776WRødøy 1990 1990 280 1 GC<63 µm,0-1 cm 1990 1 374Lundøy 62.155N GC<63 µm,0-1 cm * 5.355E GC<63 µm,0-1 cm *Skrova 58.4 64.378N 1 47.4 GC<63 µm,0-1 cm * 1 GC<63 µm,0-1 cm * 10.463E 255Finnsnes-Skjervøy area/ 1992 68.9375N 330 56.5 66.696N 56.3 264 17.0873E 165.00Finnsnes-Skjervøy area/ 1992 161.00 226 13.165E 68.096N 1 70.0552N 225 1994 1 21.1323EFinnsnes-Skjervøy area/ 0-1 cm/2000 µm 15.168E 1 190.00 69.5063N 1992 68.116N 136.00 93.7 1 0-1 cm/2000 µm 1994 18.1128E 14.80 4.13 1 85.4 14.683E 1992 0-1 cm,<2000 µm 76.4 1994 82Hammerf.-Honningsv. 112 11.70 0-1 cm/2000 µm 1992 15.30 239.00 70.916N 0-1 cm,<2000 µm 186.00 0-1 cm/2000 µm 0.300 0.420 26.9185E 163.00 0-1 cm,<2000 µm 487Hammerf.-Honningsv. 133.00 0-1 cm/2000 µm 174.00 1994 0.230 12.60 70.4318N 0.180 15.60 3 0.012 272 22.5305E . 16.50 3 1 342Orkdalsfjorden/Thams- 1994 0-1 cm,<2000 µm 29.8±0.764 0.012 8.45 4.54 63.318N 0.017 3 0.730 106.±2.08 25.33 7.25 23.5±2.0 0.740 3 9.8675E 0.630 3 32.33 0-1 cm,<2000 µm 6.67 3 53.0±2.18 6.72 73.3±3.5 120.33 1992 19.5±1.5 5.82 0.027 330 0.650 0.260 26.07 0.036 3 18.8±1.7 0.123±0.006 0.035 25.3±0.8 85.3±6.5 94.67 0.117±0.006 3 40.67 0-1 cm,<2000 µm 160±3 450 0.028 12.7±1.5 6.77 0.02 102.67 6.83 30.5±1.8 0.120±0.020 6.98 18.93 28.47 99.3±4.1 0.027±0.012 3 39.0±0.0 7.14 29.27 0.090 0.076±0.006 180 7.35 27.3±0.8 27.57 0.037±0.006 86.67 30.0±0.5 0.070 0.097±0.006 3 0.097 0.037±0.006 0.087±0.006 0.080 86.00 19.5±0.5 25.03 0.020±0.000 280.33 0.052 0.077 26.7±1.5 307.33 24.77 0.087 58.2±1.2 30.8±1.3 52.33 42.83 0.110 0.089 31.00 0.740 0.069 39.67 0.093 31.67 34.00 34.50 Denmark StraitDenmark Strait 67.967N 66.067N 30.1W 35.017W 1985 1985 0-N cm 0-N cm * 230 m 227 m 16 9 478 AMAP Assessment Report . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 et al et al et al et al et al et al et al OSPARCOM/NIVA OSPARCOM/NIVA ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Concentration, mg/kg dw ± SD (unless otherwise indicated) GC,0-2 cm,<2000 µm 11 19.80 74.00 15.00 0.130 0.040 34.0 Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway 79.6242N69.6613N 47.0108E 65.6112E 199274.85N 1993 33.2167E66.4983N GS,0-2 cm,<2000 µm * 1992 34.2475E GC,0-1 cm,<2000 µm 1994 GS,0-2 cm,<2000 µm77.2333N 2364.7358N 27.6167E GS,0-2 cm,<2000 µm 36.0742E65.3213N 1994 36.7063E 292 25.70 1994 9.00/64.864N GS,0-2 cm,<2000 µm GS,0-2 cm,<2000 µm 39.6168E 110.1078.2383N GS,0-2 cm,<2000 µm79.4867N 39.00 15.6683E 18.30 1994 12.0069.3302N 48.62E 47 1992 66.2383E 23.90 130 13.00 1992 70.00 1993 GS,0-2 cm,<2000 µm 49.00 GS,0-2 cm,<2000 µm 0.120 32.50 GS,0-2 cm,<2000 µm * GS,0-1 cm,<2000 µm 20.40 15 0.030 16.40 28.50 24.90 0.060 92.00 21 0.030 0.120 109.10 110.10 0.080 24.50 16.40 0.030 23.30 28.00 0.020 30.80 91.00 28.30 7.00/ 0.170 67.5 0.230 0.100 100.10 21.0 33.00 22.10 0.230 0.100 0.050 21.10 52.5 12.00 17.0 0.110 20.10 0.120 0.050 0.030 Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway 0.120 Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway 43.0 0.050 0.020 48.0 70.5 0.060 Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway 36.0 57.5 Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway 19.0 Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway 84.5 Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway 70.0015N 61.6927E 199374.3105N 78.5807E70.496N 199380.3833N GC,0-1 cm,<2000 µm * 54.649E73.5933N 52.3267E 80.1102E 1992 1992 19572.4322N GS,0-1 cm,<2000 µm 1993 80.6522E75.3667N 199373.9065N 26.6167E GC,0-2 cm,<2000 µm * GS,0-2 cm,<2000 µm 81.054E 31 GS,0-1 cm,<2000 µm 1992 186 22.00 1993 GC,0-1 cm,<2000 µm * 45 GS,0-2 cm,<2000 µm 17 94.00 GC,0-1 cm,<2000 µm * 9.00/ 21.00 41 17.00 25.00 27.70 24.00 51.00 81.00 0.070 51.00 67.00 11.00 106.10 40.00 20.00 18.00 0.040 10.50 13.00 101.10 0.030 13.00 80.00 0.043 18.00 0.010 0.080 0.050 0.100 22.50 0.020 0.030 0.100 0.070 47.0 0.060 0.060 0.030 13.0 41.0 25.0 27.0 40.0 Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway 43.0 47.5 Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway Latitude Longitude Sampling Sediment Water area/Varangerfjorden 40-45 cm,<2000 µm 2 31.00 101.00 13.50 0.175 0.02 40.25 4 70.0038N 66.0118E 1993 GS,0-1 cm,<2000 µm 20 19.00 81.00 17.00 0.040 0.040 37.0 Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway 2 78.2265N 15.6745E 1992 GC,0-2 cm,<2000 µm3 29.80 68.57N 49.9843E 1992 20.40 GS,0-2 cm,<2000 µm 0.120 53 0.050 10.00 40.00 74.5 13.00 0.033 Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway 21.0 Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway 1 78.2268N 15.6685E 1992 GC,0-2 cm,<2000 µm 27.10 19.50 0.120 0.050 67.0 Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway 20212223242526 70.276N 57.543E 70.1948N27 69.827N 58.1447E 199228 59.1707E 1992 66.1852N29 69.3513N 35.1153E 1992 65.2055N 58.943E GS,0-2 cm,<2000 µm 1994 69.2443N 35.1828E GS,0-2 cm,<2000 µm 57.15E 1992 1994 GS,0-2 cm,<2000 µm 126 69.0035N GS,0-2 cm,<2000 µm 1992 56.0225E 8530 GS,0-2 cm,<2000 µm 64.765N31 GS,0-2 cm,<2000 µm 20 1992 68.5885N32 39.2652E 257 55.2248E33 GS,0-2 cm,<2000 µm 1994 16 12.00 1992 3741 GS,0-2 cm,<2000 µm42 8.00/ 1743 11.00 GS,0-2 cm,<2000 µm GS,0-2 cm,<2000 µm * 37.00 65.0577N 8.00/ 7 65.1327N 39.7773E 35.00 65.507N 38.8322E 5.00/ 37.00 11 24 5.00/ 1994 65.9057N 13.00 37.8753E 33.00 1994 39.4552E 4.00/ 13.00 78.0468N 1994 1994 78.0483N 14.2095E 7.00 17.00 12.00 GS,0-2 cm,<2000 µm 78.0467N 14.2033E 4.00/ GS,0-2 cm,<2000 µm 13.30 0.035 1992 14.19E 14.00 15.00 12.00 1992 GS,0-1 cm,<2000 µm 0.038 GS,0-2 cm,<2000 µm * 10.40 23 9.00/ 0.025 13.00 106 1992 GC,0-2 cm,<2000 µm 0.030 55.00 126 9.00/ GC,0-2 cm,<2000 µm 42.00 85 0.030 GC,0-2 cm,<2000 µm 10.00 0.015 0.050 14.00 17.30 0.015 6.00/ 30.00 0.010 27.50 28.50 0.017 105.10 26.00 0.085 0.040 103.10 106.10 29.10 20.0 27.90 26.20 0.030 16.0 9.80/ 16.0 28.80 21.50 25.30 18.0 5.0 0.090 0.030 0.350 0.120 6.0 26.00 0.100 5.0 0.010 Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway 24.00 0.070 14.0 0.090 Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway 6.0 Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway 22.50 Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway 26.0 0.090 0.080 Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway 0.100 0.060 Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway 0.050 43.0 11.0 Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway 58.0 0.050 42.0 Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway 76.5 72.5 Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway 73.5 Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway 10111213 74.4522N14 70.7073N 73.296E 54.6415E 70.2833N15 1993 1992 55.6067E1819 1992 GS,0-1 cm,<2000 µm 70.4047N GS,0-2 cm,<2000 µm * 55.1238E 70.231N GS,0-2 cm,<2000 µm * 1992 55.0415E 68 27 81.125N 186 1992 75.0568N GS,0-2 cm,<2000 µm * 58.7E 70.1727N 30.4683E 57.2085E 1992 GS,0-2 cm,<2000 µm * 207 24.00 1992 1992 6.00 23.00 172 GS,0-2 cm,<2000 µm 92.00 GS,0-2 cm,<2000 µm GS,0-2 cm,<2000 µm 8.00 91.00 25.00 19.00 83 21.00 11.00 19.00 97.00 76.00 0.085 0.010 22.00 0.080 26.20 8.00/ 20.20 18.00 0.010 103.10 0.020 0.085 27.00 67.00 0.054 28.80 11.00 13.60 0.230 0.023 49.0 8.0 0.110 49.0 0.030 0.040 48.0 39.0 Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway 62.5 40.5 14.0 Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway St. 604St. 624St. 652St. 787St. 796St. 808642 62.4167N657 62.3500N674 11.0000W 68.1667N 25.3500W 1994 67.0000NNorth of Russia 16.1667W 1994 70.7917N 12.5000W 1994 67.7667N 9.7600W 1994 5.9667E 0-1 cm 4%<63 µm 1994 0-1 cm 49%<63 µm 61.6917N 0-1 cm 89%<63 µm * 61.7067N 7.7833W 1994 0-1 cm 96%<63 µm * 62.1167N 5.83W 1990 6.8333W 789 0-1 cm78%<63 µm * 1396 312 1548 0-1 cm 99%<63 µm * 1990 1990 1 1 GS, 0-1 cm,<2000 µm 1 918 1258 1 GS, 0-1 cm,<2000 µm GS, 0-1 cm,<2000 µm * 17.8 35.2 57.7 1 345 46.4 1 72 357 48.7 3 47.1 31.2 98.7 85.0 104.7 3 3 61.40 110.1 84 85.53 11.2 50.50 19.8 15.1 7.3 73.33 16.5 93.33 73.33 0.08 21.6 0.11 0.16 0.14 7.20 10.37 0.14 9.33 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 0.19 0.120 <0.06 0.110 0.137 <0.06 <0.010 0.013 <0.010 2.16 25.7 7.5 13.7 2 1.79 6.3 9.3 29.8 Stange Stange Stange Stange Stange IMRN/Norway Stange IMRN/Norway IMRN/Norway Varanger PeninsulaVaranger 69.9345NNorth Atlantic 30.1117ESt. 588 1994 0-1 cm,<2000 µm 61.6500N 7.8333W 412 1994 3 0-1 cm 5%<63 µm 32.00 347 108.33 1 27.17 59.3 0.093 86.8 0.05 7.3 0.15 40.00 <0.06 6.0 Stange Area Dec. deg. Dec. deg. year sample type depth, m n Copper Zinc Lead Cadmium Mercury Aluminum % Lithium Remarks Reference ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Chapter 7 · Heavy Metals 479 77.0 Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway GC,0-2 cm,<2000 µm 888-10GS,0-2 cm,<2000 µm 12.00GC,0-1 cm,<2000 µm 193 43.00 14.00 20.00 81.00 0.060 24.00 19.00 0.020 67.00 0.044 20.00 23.0 0.060 0.030 Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway 40.0 31.0 Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway 73.9832N 73.2942E 1993 GC,0-1 cm,<2000 µm * 30 30.00 92.00 20.00 0.080 0.050 42.0 Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway 70.997N 65.8265E 1993 GS,0-1 cm,<2000 µm 22 7.00/ 10.00 10.00 0.010 0.010 8.0 Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway 72.5057N 74.422E78N80.7042N 199372.9978N 57.75E 72.9767E 29.066E 1992 1993 GC,0-1 cm,<2000 µm * 1992 16 GS,0-2 cm,<2000 µm * GC,0-1 cm,<2000 µm * GS,0-2 cm,<2000 µm 27 32.00 21.00 96.00 28.50 25.70 57.00 22.00 83.00 113.10 18.00 0.100 15.20 23.60 0.070 0.040 0.100 0.160 0.030 0.060 0.080 40.0 27.0 47.5 70.5 Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway 5 79.4915N 49.9617E 1992 GC,0-2 cm,<2000 µm * 27.50 98.00 18.60 0.130 0.050 53.0 Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway 68 69.6393N 50.753E9 1992 GS,0-2 cm,<2000 µm 70.5163N 54.6427E 76.505N 88 1992 21.7517E 1992 GS,0-2 cm,<2000 µm * 12.00 GS,0-2 cm,<2000 µm * 193 38.00 20.00 14.00 85.00 19.90 0.058 20.00 80.00 28.50 0.140 0.040 0.080 0.030 19.0 46.0 75.0 Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway 7 70.1472N 53.4047E 1992 GS,0-2 cm,<2000 µm 75 6.00/ 17.00 10.00 0.015 9.0 Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway 100102105109114118119120141 72.6667N142 72.6667N 73.3333E143 72.005N 74.4167E144 1995 71.4183N 73.2317E145 1995 70.1333N 72.5EB-01 68.7833N 73.1333E 1995B-02 68.3833N 74.3383E GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µmB-03 1995 68.4N 74.07E 1995 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µmB-04 1995 69.6NB-05 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm 69.2833N 73.835E 23B-06 1995 68.8667N 66.45E GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm 65.8333E 16B-07 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm 68.9167N 67.0333E GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm 1995B-08 69.0667N 67.6667E 14 1995 69.3133N 1B-10 1995 1995 67.6667E GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm 69.1723N 65.1627E 1 11B-13 1995 19 68.8657N 66.1837E 10B-17 1995 1 13.90 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm 1994 68.4992N 67.0217EE-02 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm 10.50 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm 1994 68.7608N 68.3132E 11 1E-03 1 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm 1994 68.9158N 68.1678E 1E-04 9.50 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm 1994 69.0175N 17 67.6643EE-05 34.00 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm 27 11.90 1994 69.3632N 1 67.3445E 24 10.40 11E-08 37.50 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm 21.30 1994 69.0667N 67.376E 16K049 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm 1994 69.2843N 1 67.6587E 19K058 34.00 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm 1 23.70 13 420.00 69.7322N 1 66.437E 15.00 1K059 280.00 1994 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm 15 1994 73.0492N 66.17E 30.00 1K061 48.00 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm 10.40 73.0345N 80.0108E 1 13.20K110 9 1994 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm 12.20 1 10 72.7355N 43.20 79.7162E 9.40K111 55.00 28.90 11.60 1 13 1994 1994 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm 72.0987N 19.70 80.1847EK112 0.500 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm 10.10 13 1994 72.554N 82.0023E 34.80K116 45.00 1 0.400 73.339N 20.00 1 345.00 19 8.70 1994 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µmK118 16.10 79.0953E 73.6627N 1 32.00 1994 22.30K120 74.9703E 12.50 1.100 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm 74.2483N 9 1 78.2898E 16 10.10 0.300 0.050L013 28.00 13.80 1.000 1994 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm 74.3293N 1 79.991E 22.50 1994 0.040L017 23 11.10 1.200 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm 38.50 13.30 12.60 1994 76.0003N 84.2898E 37.50L024 12.30 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm 12.50 74.994N 1 19 1 78.307E 21 0.010 1994L062 14.20 0.100 46.20 6.30 1994 0.040 73.827N 18 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm 25.80 0.080 20.60L072 1 72.1958E GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm 75.0002N 14 50.10 1994 0.050 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µmL081 16.40 73.3392E 13.20 1.100 10.20 76.998N 1 14.10 1 79.6733E 0.500 0.400 35.20 1994L094 7 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm 76.004N 1 11.60 0.600 48.90 0.020 1994 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µmO-02 85.2523E 1994 5.40 9 1 75.5N 0.920 12O-05 8.00 87.2717E 10.20 0.800 14 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm 11.20 75.5N 8.90 40.40 48.50 0.050 1994O-07 1 13.00 0.040 0.100 0.050 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm 15.70 75.95N 35 0.060 1994O-10 126E 10.60 41.60 19 0.020 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm 1 16.20 74.5N 1 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µmO-13 130.5E 1 150 0.010 72N 136.733E 35.50 0.100 0.080O-16 9.60 42.00 116.00 0.040 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm 12.10 14.50 73.75N 1 29 0.080 0.020 136E 1 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm 1994 0.020 9.20 74.5N 1994 63.00 26 7.30 17.90 0.050 1994 10.20 1 39 72.6668N 134E 130.5E 0.080 102.00 24.00 0.100 72.0033N 73.3317E 1 57 17.00 9.70 23.80 0.020 30.80 114.283E 0.040 71.5027N 1994 73.1928E 1 43 0.050 0.070 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm 50.30 1 6.50 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm 1994 19.60 0.050 70.3398N 1994 72.5813E 7.30 1994 7.90 1994 0.100 1994 0.060 68.9837N 73.439E 1 7.10 80.50 16.30 13.00 53.70 1994 68.3665N 74.0592E 1 10.40 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm 0.080 20 0.300 0.250 36 0.050 Rosgidromet/RCMA 0.060 74.1333E 44 50.60 1994 18.10 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm 12.80 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm 1994 Rosgidromet/RCMA GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm 25.00 11.60 0.180 0.030 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm 12.10 15.00 1994 10.00 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm 12.50 1 0.100 8.60 1 96.20 Rosgidromet/RCMA 27 <0.02 1 0.020 Rosgidromet/RCMA 0.030 21 Rosgidromet/RCMA 16 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm 29.00 36 13 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm <0.02 0.200 13 3.40 Rosgidromet/RCMA 15.30 43.70 0.160 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm 13.90 0.070 10.40 14 1 6.00 0.080 0.200 12.80 1 1 Rosgidromet/RCMA 0.070 9.80 1 12 1 1 10 <0.02 0.150 36.70 1 Rosgidromet/RCMA 4.20 33.70 41.00 0.070 29.50 0.030 7 Rosgidromet/RCMA Rosgidromet/RCMA 16.70 <0.02 10.20 7.00 49.00 0.100 16.70 1 Rosgidromet/RCMA 0.210 1 6.20 0.110 Rosgidromet/RCMA 0.060 7.40 Rosgidromet/RCMA 0.020 1 75.00 13.50 0.300 65.00 Rosgidromet/RCMA 7.40 5.30 60.00 28.00 0.100 52.00 Rosgidromet/RCMA 14.80 0.050 7.40 33.10 0.030 <0.02 7.90 16.00 Rosgidromet/RCMA Rosgidromet/RCMA 38.80 Rosgidromet/RCMA 0.080 <0.02 26.00 37.00 24.70 0.090 33.00 19.50 58.00 0.100 Rosgidromet/RCMA 0.250 31.00 Rosgidromet/RCMA 50.00 13.70 Rosgidromet/RCMA Rosgidromet/RCMA 0.100 11.60 <0.02 0.030 0.100 0.150 0.100 0.030 8.00 0.120 Rosgidromet/RCMA 0.150 7.50 0.100 Rosgidromet/RCMA Rosgidromet/RCMA Rosgidromet/RCMA 0.040 0.020 0.020 0.040 0.070 0.030 Rosgidromet/RCMA 0.020 0.070 Rosgidromet/RCMA 0.050 0.250 0.050 Rosgidromet/RCMA 0.080 Rosgidromet/RCMA Rosgidromet/RCMA Rosgidromet/RCMA 0.110 Rosgidromet/RCMA Rosgidromet/RCMA Rosgidromet/RCMA Rosgidromet/R 444546 78.0467N 78.0483N 14.1867E 78.0483N 14.2033E 1992 14.2033E 1992 1992 GC,0-2 cm,<2000 µm GC,0-2 cm,<2000 µm GC,0-2 cm,<2000 µm 30.00 29.80 30.50 22.80 23.70 24.00 0.090 0.080 0.120 0.050 0.050 0.050 73.5 72.5 75.0 Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway Akvaplan-NIVA/Norway 480 AMAP Assessment Report . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al Maage Highly variable As ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Concentration, mg/kg dw ± SD (unless otherwise indicated) 17.2±7.3 64.2±28.4 19.0±5.8 0.08±0.08 <0.06 35.7±19.9 23 15.002 14.003 12.00 59.00 26.00 70.00 27.80 20.90 50.00 7.40 0.300 0.400 7.30 0.400 0.020 0.020 0.400 0.220 0.260 Rosgidromet/RCMA Rosgidromet/RCMA Rosgidromet/RCMA Rosgidromet/RCMA 28%<63 µm, surface 1991-1993 57%± Latitude Longitude Sampling Sediment Water 68.5885N69.0035N 55.2248E69.2443N 56.0225E69.3513N 57.15E69.6393N 58.943E 50.753E NC,0-2 cm<2000 µm GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm 11 NC,0-2 cm<2000 µm 8 1 17 16 88 1 15.00 1 1 1 4.00 55.00 4.00 5.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 14.00 70.00 38.00 10.00 9.00 0.085 14.00 9.00 0.017 0.015 0.058 0.015 5.67 3.01 26.00 2.79 4.81 2.83 6.00 19.00 5.00 6.00 Doug Loring, pers. comm. Doug Loring, pers. comm. Doug Loring, pers. comm. Doug Loring, pers. comm. Doug Loring, pers. comm. O-17P005P010P018P020P023T-02 68.3818N 69N 73.854E 68.6667N 68.3N 55.8167E 1994 68.5667N 55.6333E 1994 68.75N 55.5E 54.4333E 1994 74.5208N GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm 57.2E 98.6213E 1994 1994 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm 1994 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm 15 1994 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm . GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm 1 . GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm . 1 14.60 . . 1 . 1 8.50 1 14.40 38.00 1 1 6.10 12.50 13.00 58.80 10.10 35.00 13.00 13.60 11.00 46.20 16.50 15.00 34.70 0.600 13.80 2.70 48.80 0.200 14.10 0.070 0.050 0.070 <0.02 0.100 0.460 <0.02 0.160 0.040 0.080 0.020 <0.02 Rosgidromet/RCMA Rosgidromet/RCMA Rosgidromet/RCMA Rosgidromet/RCMA Rosgidromet/RCMA Rosgidromet/RCMA Rosgidromet/RCMA T-03Barents Sea 74.408N 98.6213E 1994 GS, 0-5 cm, <1000 µm . 1 12.00 95.00 7.30 0.350 0.020 Rosgidromet/RCMA Area Dec. deg. Dec. deg. year sample type depth, m n Copper Zinc Lead Cadmium Mercury Aluminum % Lithium Remarks Reference 1045-911046-911075-911079-911087-911099-911147-91 71.3833N1165-91 69.9167N 28.1667E1200-91 77.0000N 34.7500E1201-91 1991 77.0000N 39.0000E1216-91 1991 75.0000N 47.0000E1223-91 1991 78.7500N 49.0000E901-92 1991 73.0000N 47.0000E 77%<63 µm, surface *919-92 1991 76.5833N 51.0000E 80%<63 µm, surface *972-92 1991 78.1050N 61.0000E 399 m 92%<63 µm, surface *975-92 1991 78.2733N 14.0833E 243 m 80%<63 µm, surface *979-92 1991 73.7250N 15.4500E 180 m 63%<63 µm, surface999-92 1991 73.5000N 13.2633E 226 m 89%<63 µm, surface *1000-92 1991 19.3333E 34%<63 µm, surface 72.5000N1003-92 1991 240 m 240 m 48%<63 µm, surface 76.3333N 29.5000E1071-92 1991 23.8 56%<63 µm, surface 72.5000N 21.0833E1074-92 180 m 17.2 1992 79%<63 µm, surface * 72.0000N 16.2500E1076-92 12.3 1992 90%<63 µm, surface * 71.5000N 82 m 17.7500E1096-92 165 m 115 m 18.8 1992 67%<63 µm, surface 79.0000N 19.5000E1115-92 1680 m 78.6666N 1992 68.6 35.7500E1145-92 66%<63 µm, surface 78.2500N 32.0000E 25.4 25.1 1992 63.61147-92 90%<63 µm, surface * 71.5000N 425 m 27.0000E 1992 49.61149-92 1992 51%<63 µm, surface 71.2500N 27.0000E 13.1 70.5 280 m1154-92 220 m 1992 54%<63 µm, surface 71.0000N 23.0000E 25.4194-93 22.6 1992 26%<63 µm, surface 123.5 78.5000N 21.0000E 23.5 84.8 23.1 385 m197-93 20.2 35.5 1992 90%<63 µm, surface * 79.6666N 59.5833E 91%<63 µm, surface * 302 m201-93 11.1 1992 70.5000N 56.0000E 45.5 94%<63 µm, surface * 225 m205-93 20.3 310 m 1992 71.5000N 37.0000E 16.9 275 m 42%<63 µm, surface207-93 99.1 1992 72.5000N 41.0000E 78.3 20.0 309 m 23.7 56%<63 µm, surface 84.4 0.10 16.0210-93 19.6 1992 93.4 75.0000N 41.0000E 16%<63 µm, surface 0.09219-93 1992 342 m 41.0000E 13.6 86%<63 µm, surface * 70.4167N 0.06 10.2683-93 1992 390 m 66.8 40%<63 µm, surface 39.5000N 0.08 33.1000E 14.1690-93 1992 20.1 166 m <0.06 261 m 20.7 32%<63 µm, surface 68.6666N 35.5000E 16.9694-93 60.2 21.4 28.6 75.3 0.52 <0.06 16.7 0.17 26.2 1993 79%<63 µm, surface * 69.5000N 40.0000E700-93 201 m <0.06 27.0 1993 70%<63 µm, surface 70.0000N 43.6000E707-93 38.7 242 m <0.06 0.11 329 m 1993 22.1 15%<63 µm, surface 70.8667N 45.0000E720-93 54.3 10.2 1993 118.9 74.4000N 47.6333E 37.1 <0.06 0.12 18.3 59%<63 µm, surface <0.06 116.8 346 m 11.2 28.9 0.09 1993 79.0000N 0.1 45.0000ERussia 22%<63 µm, surface 123.0 0.04 189 m 23.4 1993 80.5000N 8.0000E 6.5Pechora Sea 17.6 0.4%<63 µm, surface <0.06 1993 80.0000N 257 m 14.0000E 26.40 1%<63 µm, surface 18.8 46.4 0.07 <0.06 78.0000N 187 m 6.0000E 27.0 1993 15.8 18%<63 µm, surface <0.06 13.0 48.4 22.4 100 m 21.6 1993 77.0000N 10.0000E <0.06 <0.06 0.02 24.6 52%<63 µm, surface 0.03 22.9 87.0 75.8333N 12.0000E 36.4 1993 32.4 62%<63 µm, surface 14.9 1993 51 m 103 m 16.0000E 68.57N 0.02 64.1 <0.06 72.4 0.090 1993 11%<63 µm, surface 19.4 165 m 5.7 44.5 37%<63 µm, surface 41.7 1993 <0.06 17.0 73.7 0.05 302 m 15.8 <0.06 59.9843E 0.02 0.02 64%<63 µm, surface 59.1 1094 m 45.2 18.1 42%<63 µm, surface 0.10 6.9 54.4 9.0 <0.06 <0.06 120 m 1992 5.1 76%<63 µm, surface * 13.8 24.5 28.0 92%<63 µm, surface * 890 m <0.06 0.05 <0.06 16.0 172 m 51.6 19.0 <0.06 750 m 2.2 4.8 66.0 0.05 18.1 59.2 <0.06 380 m GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm 27.6 66.5 55.2 14.4 0.08 24.2 Maage 0.10 9.5 14.2 Maage 11.4 <0.06 0.06 14.3 Maage 51.8 17.5 <0.06 18.8 0.05 0.10 9.9 Maage 71.1 15.2 35.3 88 <0.06 66.8 12.8 18.1 84.4 17.8 <0.06 Maage 0.10 Maage 43.4 22.3 <0.06 7.5 15.0 19.8 56.1 0.05 <0.06 1 <0.06 Maage 0.03 9.9 66.3 24.8 13.8 58.8 5.1 63.3 65.8 Maage 23.2 69.7 <0.06 0.03 Maage 60.0 10.00 20.6 87.5 Maage Maage <0.06 22.4 0.02 <0.06 13.3 Maage 24.8 16.7 0.04 0.08 <0.06 26.1 0.02 22.8 40.00 0.13 Maage 44.2 Maage 31.5 <0.06 0.06 9.1 37.0 0.15 Maage Maage <0.06 <0.06 17.1 <0.06 35.7 13.00 0.06 <0.06 Maage 0.09 Maage 0.06 Maage <0.06 28.7 0.12 Maage <0.06 10.5 <0.06 21.7 Maage <0.06 0.033 <0.06 Maage 10.63 <0.06 Maage 4.7 Maage Maage 27.7 Maage 9.2 Maage 4.6 39.4 28.5 Maage 27.9 Maage 34.4 Maage 44.6 4.98 40.3 Maage 59.6 Maage 21.00 Maage Maage Maage Maage Maage Maage Maage Maage Maage Maage Doug Loring, pers. comm. ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Chapter 7 · Heavy Metals 481 .1995 .1995 .1995 .1995 .1995 et al et al et al et al et al Loring Loring and Asmund 1996 Gobeil and Macdonald, unpubl. Gobeil and Macdonald, unpubl. Gobeil and Macdonald, unpubl. Gobeil and Macdonald, unpubl. Gobeil and Macdonald, unpubl. Gobeil and Macdonald, unpubl. Gobeil and Macdonald, unpubl. Gobeil and Macdonald, unpubl. Gobeil and Macdonald, unpubl. Gobeil and Macdonald, unpubl. . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al and Cd profiles at 20 cm and Cd profiles and Cd profiles and Cd profiles P, in the upper 20 cm Cd, Ca, and Mn in upper 20 cm Pb, and Cd Novaya Zemlya strong Mn Ag, Very Strong profiles for Gobeil and Macdonald, unpubl. Strong Ca and Mn prof. Ca high in upper 10 cm 53, 32, 25, 31 and 39 mg/kg for the Arctic shelves, Pechora Sea, Kara East Greenland ≥ Li or ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Metals, µg/g dry weight (unless otherwise indicated) 4.8, 5.7, 7.0, 6.8 and 7.8% ≥ / SD and arithmetic means as mean ± SD * 21.±4 80.±15 19.±3 0.06±0.03 – 70% of sediment < in samples lacking grain size determination, defined as Al 63µm; ≥ 0m 69.827N70.1472N 59.1707E70.1727N 53.4046E70.1948N 55.2058E70.231N 57.1447E70.276N 55.0415E70.2833N 57.543E70.4047N 55.6067E70.496N 55.121E GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm70.7073N GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm 54.6488E 54.6415E GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm 20 78 GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm NC,0-2 cm<2000 µm 83 85 GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm 1 1 172 NC,0-2 cm<2000 µm GS,0-2 cm<2000 µm 1 188 126 1 11.00 1 207 6.00 193 8.00 1 1 68 8.00 21.00 37.00 1 17.00 1 21.00 12.00 27.00 1 25.00 35.00 76.00 20.00 12.00 10.00 81.00 24.00 37.00 11.00 97.00 13.00 81.00 18.00 0.025 92.00 20.00 13.00 0.015 0.023 22.00 19.00 0.038 0.054 19.00 0.043 0.035 0.085 0.044 0.085 4.52 3.19 3.68 2.97 6.18 18.00 6.20 4.42 9.00 14.00 6.88 16.00 39.00 6.13 6.49 41.00 20.00 48.00 40.00 49.00 Doug Loring, pers. comm. Doug Loring, pers. comm. Doug Loring, pers. comm. Doug Loring, pers. comm. Doug Loring, pers. comm. Doug Loring, pers. comm. Doug Loring, pers. comm. Doug Loring, pers. comm. Doug Loring, pers. comm. Doug Loring, pers. comm. .(1992). *** Data from NOAA. Nuuk fjord, GreenlandNuuk outer fjord, GreenlandNuuk fjord, Greenland 64.25NNuuk outer fjord, GreenlandNuuk fjord, Greenland 64.75N 64.25NNuuk inner fjord, Greenland 51.50WNuuk outer fjord, Greenland 51.1W 64.75N 51.50W 64.25N 1980 50.50W 51.50W 1980 1981 tips Gr. tips 1982 Gr. tips Gr. 1982 5 tips Gr. 10 tips Gr. 5 1981 5 5 1982 tips Gr. tips Gr. 10 10 1.98*/1.14 1.63*/1.16 1.49*/1.11 0.773*/1.14 1.79*/1.56 1.60*/1.12 1.14*/1.17 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Avanersuaq 76.5N 69W 1984 Gr.tips 8 0.336*/1.37 1.56*/1.27 Dietz et al West Greenland regions, respectively. West * Fine grained sediments (see Figure 7·36) defined as Species Location Latitude Longitude Year Tissue n Lead Cadmium Mercury Selenium Reference 9324, St E049324, St TC9324, St F02 76.9517N 174.1202E 75.3188N9324, St F09 1993St. 2, Crosiere 9470 173.8950W 74.4838NSt. 11, Crosiere 9470 1993 171.0388W 72.165N 76.6533N 1993 * 168.805W 173.385W 73.4540N 166.2503W *Polar Sea 1994 1994 1993St. 18 Crosiere 9470 * 80.1417N 173.3367W * * * 1994St. 39 Crosiere 9470 850 * 75.015N 6.1767W 630 2 210 1994 2 41.05 2265 52 2 75 40.40 * 2 129.5 46.9 2 2 2860 137 25.3 187.5 25.8 2 23.95 148 22.0 0.11 3550 0.19 2 20.65 0.66 23.4 15.9 0.28 23.66 0.141 8.65 0.076 7.45 0.125 0.112 7.05 18.80 Strong Mn 8.02 6.85 Strong Mn 6.84 0.067 7.55 5.45 Pechora EstuaryKara SeaOb Gulf GulfYenisey Laptev SeaEast Siberian Sea/Canada Basin 9324, St C019324, St E 74.9943N 162.04630W 1993 1994 78.7998N 176.1058E * 1993 0-5 cm 1994 1994 1994 1994 * 0-5 cm 0-5 cm 0-5 cm 0-5 cmSt. 26 Crosiere 9470St. 35 Crosiere 9470 1965 84.0633NSt. 36 Crosiere 9470 90N 175.0883WSt. 37 Crosiere 9470 85.7133N 1994 2 5 82.8917N 37.650E 2065 35.4333E 64.9 1994 11.±4 * 1994 2 5 5 5 143 48.91 5 25.±21 17.±5 * 10.5±1.6 1994 * 7.7±1.5 10.9 130 75.±33 12.±6 65.±22 30.±9 * 29.4 22.±6 53.±17 18.±10 3130 0.12±0.06 29.40 25.±11Fucus distichus 0.146 0.031±0.030 21.±12 2 3605 0.21±0.08 0.12±0.06 4000 0.23±0.21 0.125 0.029±0.029 0.054±0.087 2 0.10±0.01 0.058±0.011 2 4230 0.024±0.010 2 8.85 8.775 23.93 Strong Mn 28.22 Rosgidromet 1995 29.00 Mn discontinuity 0.094 Rosgidromet 1995 Rosgidromet 1995 Rosgidromet 1995 29.16 0.0825 0.0858 0.067 Rosgidromet 1995 8.0 0.0945 0.083 8.15 0.1456 7.95 8.90 Strong Ca profile Profiles of Mn, Ca, The North Pole Pechora Sea St. 6 69.7N 51E 1992 0-20 88 m 10 12±1 43±4 14±1 0.07±0.03 0.02±0.006 5.18±0.17 23±2 Pechora Sea 68-71N 50-59E 1992 0-2 cm 16 13±7 47±30 14±4 0.04±0.03 0.02±0.009 4.67±1.46 24±15 High As near Loring Pechora Sea Pechora Sea St. 29 68.9N 55E 1992 0-30 11 m 11 20±2 74±9 15±1 0.13±0.03 0.04±0.005 6.49±0.36 33±4 Loring Pechora Sea St. 12 70.3N 56E 1992 0-70 188 m 15 23±3 91±3 19±1 0.08±0.02 0.02±0.006 7.10±0.30 49±3 Loring Pechora Sea St. 8 70.5N 54E 1992 0-20 193 m 13 20±1 85±5 20±1 0.14±0.06 0.02±0.004 6.84±0.36 46±4 Loring ** Cited from Muir Values are given in µg/g dry weight, except those marked with § which wet weight. Values ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Table 7·A11. Lead, cadmium, mercury and selenium in Arctic algae. Values presented as geometric means are shown mean 7·A11. Lead, cadmium, mercury and selenium in Arctic algae. Values Table 482 AMAP Assessment Report . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al Rosgidromet 1995 Rosgidromet 1995 § § ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Metals, µg/g dry weight (unless otherwise indicated) Gr. tipsGr. 10 1.49*/1.19 Dietz Gr. tipsGr. 8 1.23*/1.22 Dietz Gr. tipsGr. 8 1.04*/1.18 Dietz Gr. tipsGr. 8 1.169*/1.24 Dietz Gr. tipsGr. 11 0.892*/1.17 Dietz Gr. tipsGr. 18 0.953*/1.18 Dietz Gr. tipsGr. 12 1.67*/1.16 Dietz Gr. tipsGr. 12 1.83*/1.11 Dietz Gr. tipsGr. 16 1.53*/1.13 Dietz Gr. tipsGr. 7 1.14*/1.13 Dietz Gr. tipsGr. 2 1.33*/1.20 Dietz 1976 Whole1994 Whole 2 1 1.0±0.1 1.0±0.1 <0.01 0.2±0.1 0.100 Fallis 1982 19931980 Whole tips Gr. 1 10198819891990 tips Gr. tips Gr. tips Gr. 6-8 4-8 6-9 1.17 1.50*/1.19 0.184*/1.28 0.356*/1.28 0.259*/2.24 2.77*/1.17 3.50*/1.40 2.52*/1.14 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz 1992 Whole 4 1.32*/1.44 Dietz 1991 Whole 4 1.38*/1.27 Dietz 1990 Whole 4 1.793*/1.33 Dietz 1989 Whole 6 1.34*/1.32 Dietz 1993 tips Gr. 1988 12 Whole 8 2.16*/1.10 1.27*/1.09 Dietz Dietz 1992 Whole 6 2.03*/1.36 Dietz 1991 Whole 6 2.09*/1.04 Dietz 1990 Whole 8 1.70*/1.21 Dietz 1989 Whole 4 1.53*/1.13 Dietz 1994 Whole 1 0.100 1991-1993 Gr.tips 6 0.175*/1.39 Dietz NN NN NN NN N. Baffin Island, Canada Nuuk fjord, GreenlandNuuk inner fjord, GreenlandNuuk outer fjord, GreenlandNuuk fjord, Greenland 64.75N 64.25NNuuk inner fjord, GreenlandNuuk outer fjord, Greenland 50.50WPaamiut, Greenland 64.75N 51.50W 64.25N 50.50W 51.50W 62.00N tips Gr. 49.47W tips Gr. 1981 tips Gr. 5 tips Gr. 1983 5 tips Gr. 1982 tips 5 Gr. 5 10 tips Gr. 3 10 0.21*/1.24 0.185*/1.14 0.439*/1.10 0.373*/1.28 0.147*/1.14 0.244*/1.50 0.325*/1.16 0.241*/1.16 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Nuuk inner fjord, Greenland 64.75N 50.50W tips Gr. 5 0.142*/1.08 Dietz Nuuk fjord, Greenland Nuuk inner fjord, GreenlandNuuk outer fjord, GreenlandNuuk fjord, Greenland 64.75N 64.25NNuuk inner fjord, GreenlandNuuk outer fjord, Greenland 50.50WNuuk fjord, Greenland 64.75N 51.50W 64.25NNuuk inner fjord, GreenlandNuuk outer fjord, Greenland 50.50WNuuk, Greenland 64.75N 51.50W 1980 64.25N 1980 50.50W tips Gr. 51.50W tips Gr. Paamiut, Greenland 5 61.16N 5 tips Gr. tips 51.75W Gr. 62.00N 1981 tips Gr. 5 tips Gr. 49.47W 5 1987 tips Gr. 1982 5 tips 5 Gr. 10 tips 1983 Gr. 6-10 tips Gr. 10 0.491*/1.07 3 2.49*/1.10 0.230*/1.28 0.530*/1.09 2.05*/1.25 2.69*/1.09 0.318*/1.24 0.4530*/1.06 1.79*/1.59 1.29*/1.14 2.15*/1.22 1.02*/1.14 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Uummannaq, Greenland 71.5N 52.5W 1983 Gr.tips 2 0.360*/1.00 Dietz Paamiut, Greenland 62.00N 49.47W 1983 Gr.tips 3 0.312*/1.46 2.66*/1.07 Dietz Uummannaq, Greenland 71.5N 52.5W 1988 Whole 1 1.35 Dietz ) 1984 Old growth 12 1.55*/1.07 5.10*/1.04 Fallis, unpubl. ) Nuuk outer fjord, Greenland 64.25N 51.50W tips Gr. 5 0.400*/1.21 Dietz Ascophyllum Fucus vesiculosus Palmaria palmata Kelp(Laminariaceae) Kara Sea, Russia Svalbard, Norway N.W. 79N 13E 1984 2 1.83 0.22 0.025 <0.2 Carlberg and Bøler 1985 nodosum ( Knotted wrack Nuuk fjord, Greenland 1980 tips Gr. 10 0.236*/1.07 Dietz Bladder wrack( Canada Frobisher Bay, 62.5N 66.0W 1984 Gr.tips 6 0.71*/1.32 5.35*/1.08 Fallis, unpubl. Species Location Latitude Longitude Year Tissue n Lead Cadmium Mercury Selenium Reference Algae g. sp. Kara Sea, Russia Fucus distichus ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Chapter 7 · Heavy Metals 483 . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1996 (2) . 1996, 1997b (2) . 1996, 1997b (2) . 1996, 1997b (2) . 1996, 1997b (2) . 1996, 1997b (2) et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Metals, µg/g wet weight (unless otherwise indicated by footnote in Reference column) Soft tissue 3 40-50 mm 0.127*/1.13 0.736*/1.11 0.017*/1.29 0.87*/1.08 Riget Soft tissueSoft tissue 10Soft tissue 8Soft tissue 50-70 mm 4Soft tissue 2 50-70 mm 0.204*/1.22 9 50-70 mm >70 mm 0.190*/1.13 0.534*/1.21 50-70 mm 0.226*/1.42 0.477*/1.15 0.191*/1.23 0.213*/1.27 0.512*/1.09 0.725*/1.47 0.587*/1.28 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Soft tissue 2 50-70 mm 0.457*/1.06 0.697*/1.03 Dietz Soft tissue 1 >70 mm 0.476 1.07 Dietz Soft tissue 3 80-90 mm 0.115*/1.01 1.09*/1.15 0.016*/1.09 0.53*/1.20 Riget Soft tissue 3 70-80 mm 0.113*/1.28 1.25*/1.06 0.017*/1.12 0.64*/1.39 Riget Soft tissue 3 60-70 mm 0.104*/1.20 1.11*/1.15 0.016*/1.09 0.72*/1.18 Riget Soft tissue 3 50-60 mm 0.080*/1.31 0.824*/1.07 0.014*/1.07 0.81*/1.16 Riget Soft tissueSoft tissue 3Soft tissue 3Soft tissue >70 mm 3Soft tissue >70 mm 2Soft tissue 5Soft tissue >70 mm 2Soft tissue 50-70 mm 4Soft tissue >70 mm 2 50-70 mm 5 >70 mm 0.594*/1.07 50-70 mm >70 mm 0.774*/1.13 0.719*/1.19 0.532*/1.08 0.644*/1.20 0.553*/1.28 0.573*/1.16 0.624*/1.36 0.759*/1.22 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Soft tissue 11 >80 mm 0.140*/1.38 3.35*/1.24 0.020*/1.60 0.425*/1.22 Dietz Foot 3-6 All 0.31±0.06 0.03±0.03 0.020±0.004 and Stewart 1994 (1) Wagemann ------19881989 Soft tissue1990 Soft tissue 16 12 Soft tissue <50 mm 16 <50 mm 0.142*/1.23 <50 mm 0.154*/1.23 0.450*/1.18 0.189*/1.72 0.513*/1.24 0.482*/1.24 Dietz Dietz Dietz 19891990 Soft tissue1991 Soft tissue 21992 Soft tissue 2 50-70 mm1993 1 Soft tissue 50-70 mm 1 Soft tissue <50 mm 1 <50 mm <50 mm 0.653*/1.24 0.722*/1.04 0.458 0.435 0.534 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Nuuk, Greenland 64.16N 51.75W 1987 Soft tissue 20 <50 mm 0.143*/1.24 0.474*/1.17 Dietz Paamiut, Greenland 62.00N 49.47W 1983 Soft tissue 3 <50 mm 0.246*/1.35 0.679*/1.68 Dietz Nanortalik, Greenland 60N 45W 1994 Soft tissue 3 30-40 mm 0.124*/1.15 0.582*/1.11 0.016*/1.20 0.94*/1.05 Riget Qeqertarsuaq, Greenland 1994 Soft tissue 3 40-50 mm 0.072*/1.29 0.692*/1.12 0.014*/1.09 0.94*/1.11 Riget Kara Sea, RussiaPechora Sea, RussiaPechora Sea, RussiaCape Hatt, CanadaNorthwest Greenland 69.87N 69N 72.5N 50.17E 50-57E 80W 1993 1994 1993 Soft tissue 1983 Whole Soft tissue 5 1987 1 4 Whole 3 5 0.57 All 0.61 0.99 1.14 1.86*/1.11 0.430*/1.19 0.010 <0.005 0.24*/1.13 Savinova in press Dietz Savinova in press Rosgidromet 1995 (2) Macdonald and Sprague 1988 (4) Avanersuaq, GreenlandAvanersuaq, 76.5N 69W 1984 Soft tissue 4 0.069*/1.20 0.784*/1.33 0.011*/1.33 0.326*/1.07 Dietz Baydaratskaya Gulf, RussiaPechora Sea, Russia 69N 69.25N 67E 57.28E 1994 1993 Muscle Soft tissue 1-3 7 1.00 1.42 8.70 1.86 0.022*/7.12 Rosgidromet 1995 (2) Savinova in press ) ) ) Ittoqqortoomiit, Greenland 70N 22W 1985 Soft tissue 4 All 0.186*/1.12 0.495*/2.06 Dietz sp. Kara Sea, Russia 1994 Whole 1 1.70 0.400 0.010 Rosgidromet 1995 (2) ) Uummannaq, Greenland 71.5N 52.5W 1988 Soft tissue 2 50-70 mm 0.535*/1.21 Dietz sp. Baydaratskaya Gulf, Russia 69N 67E 1994 Muscle 1 0.010 Rosgidromet 1995 (2) sp. Baydaratskaya Gulf, Russia 69N 67E 1994 Whole 1-3 0.441*/3.01 0.356*/3.12 Rosgidromet 1995 (2) sp. Baydaratskaya Gulf, Russia 69N 67E 1994 Whole 1 1.30 0.800 Rosgidromet 1995 (2) Chlamys islandica Musculus discors Serripes groenlandicus Mytilus edulis Species Location Latitude Longitude Year Tissue n Size/age Lead Cadmium Mercury Selenium Reference Annelids Maldanidae g. Nephtys Travisia Mollusks Gastropods Buccinum Buccinum undatum Neptunea despecta Clione limacina Bivalves Iceland scallop( Green crenella( Greenland Avanersuaq, Cockle( Greenland 76.5N Avanersuaq, 76.5N 69W Foxe Basin, Canada 69W 1984 1984 Soft tissue 13 Soft tissue <0 mm 4 All 0.103*/1.58 1982-1988 Innards 3.22*/1.22 0.128*/1.17 3-6 0.016*/1.35 1.30*/1.11 All 0.489*/1.31 0.013*/1.05 Dietz 1.67±0.79 0.869*/1.11 Dietz 0.14±0.04 0.021±0.001 and Stewart 1994 (1) Wagemann Blue mussel( Canada Hudson Bay, 1989? Muscle 6-8 0.47 0.45 1.3 Langlois and Langis 1995 (1) Table 7·A12. Lead, cadmium, mercury and selenium concentrations in Arctic invertebrates. Table ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ------––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 484 AMAP Assessment Report . 1992 (1) et al . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1996 (2) et al et al et al et al Macdonald 1986, in Muir ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Metals, µg/g wet weight (unless otherwise indicated by footnote in Reference column) Soft tissueSoft tissueSoft tissue 3 3Soft tissue 3 50-60 mm 4 60-70 mm 70-80 mm 0.127*/1.13 >70 mm 0.188*/1.94 0.136*/1.12 0.561*/1.17 0.563*/1.24 0.805*/1.24 0.617*/1.65 0.017*/1.17 0.016*/1.14 0.573*/1.16 0.017*/1.04 0.75*/1.05 0.78*/1.04 0.71*/1.07 Riget Riget Riget Olafsson J. 1986 (2) Whole 1 1.00 0.400 Rosgidromet 1995 (2) Sheath 7-11 All 3.33±1.75 0.16±0.12 <0.005 and Stewart 1994 (1) Wagemann ------199219911992 Soft tissue1991 Soft tissue1992 1 Soft tissue1991 5 Soft tissue1992 5 Soft tissue 50 mm1993 1 Soft tissue 44 mm 1 Soft tissue 45 mm1993 0.025 2 Soft tissue 52 mm1994 2 55 mm <0.158 0.020*/1.44 3 Soft tissue 56 mm1993 Soft tissue 56 mm <0.118 0.5691993 0.022 0.227*/1.80 3 25-45 mm1994 0.165*/1.60 3 Soft tissue <0.114 0.019*/1.51 Soft tissue 26-43 mm 0.009*/1.30 0.377*/1.131985 0.407 3 Soft tissue 44 mm1986 0.009 0.2401987 0.269*/1.71 3 0.246*/1.051988 0.204*/1.10 0.612*/1.02 3 Soft tissue 25-46 mm1989 Soft tissue1991 0.268*/1.03 Soft tissue 25-45 mm 0.010*/1.151992 0.163*/1.10 3 Soft tissue 0.011*/1.10 44 mm 0.286*/1.061993 3 Soft tissue 0.012 0.237*/1.02 3 Soft tissue 0.236*/1.06 3 Soft tissue 0.014*/1.05 25-34 mm 0.208*/1.03 data - MRII (2 OSPARCOM/JMG 3 Soft tissue 26-42 mm 0.836*/1.13 3 25-43 mm 0.011*/1.23 0.253*/1.09 3 25-42 mm 0.277*/1.12 3 0.010*/1.04 22-43 mm 0.132*/1.32 0.136*/1.06 data - MRII (2 OSPARCOM/JMG 27-44 mm 0.183*/1.14 0.013*/1.05 26-44 mm data - MRII (2 OSPARCOM/JMG 0.217*/1.29 0.252*/1.19 data - MRII (2 OSPARCOM/JMG 24-42 mm (2) 0.192*/1.06 data - NIVA OSPARCOM/JMG 0.302*/1.23 0.061*/1.09 0.209*/1.18 0.206*/1.23 0.169*/1.10 0.143*/1.31 0.022*/1.36 (2) 0.193*/1.37 data - NIVA OSPARCOM/JMG 0.235*/1.04 data - MRII (2 OSPARCOM/JMG 0.019*/1.30 data - MRII (2 0.245*/1.12 OSPARCOM/JMG 0.010*/1.12 data - MRII (2 OSPARCOM/JMG 0.263*/1.06 (2) data - NIVA OSPARCOM/JMG 0.029*/1.53 0.257*/1.18 0.013*/1.16 (1) 0.013*/1.05 0.012*/1.03 (1) 0.011*/1.00 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Qeqertarssuaq, GreenlandCape Hatt, CanadaFram Strait, GreenlandGreenland Sea GreenlandCentral West 72.5N 80W 1982 1987 Whole 1993 Whole 1987 Whole 5 1993 Whole 28 Whole 4 84 All 0.34 0.26 3.04*/0.55 0.07 0.75 0.257*/1.03 0.69 <0.005 <0.005 0.31 0.22 0.28*/1.08 Dietz Macdonald and Sprague 1988 (4) DAE, NERI unpublished (2) Ritterhoff and Zauke 1995 (3) Ritterhoff and Zauke 1995 (3) Barents Sea, Russia 1993 18 2.39*/1.28 3.91*/1.28 Savinov and Savinova in press (4) S.W. IcelandS.W. S. Iceland IcelandW. E. Iceland 64.8NN. Iceland 21.5WAalesund, NorwayFinnsnes, Norway 1978Froan, Norway Soft tissueHammerfest-, NorwayHelgeland, Norway 69.27NLofoten, Norway 64N 70.66N 1991 42.00W 1990Nordfjorden, NorwayOrkdalsfjorden, Norway 23.73E Soft tissue 9.17E 1994 68.25N 1990 Soft tissue 63.58N 1 1994 Soft tissue 1992 1990 13.50E 1992 2 Soft tissue 0.56 10.00E 70 mm Soft tissue 3 Soft tissue 45 mm Soft tissue 1 Soft tissue 1992 NorwayTrollfjorden, Fjord, Norway 1984Varanger 3 44 mmBaydaratskaya Gulf, Russia 6 <0.195 2 1992 6 43 mm Soft tissue 0.63 69N 70.37N 68.37N <0.090Pechora Sea, Russia 45 mm Soft tissue 46 mm 54 mm 45 mm Soft tissue 6 0.244*/1.08 1994 <0.137 29.67E 1009 2 15.00E 69.25N 67E 0.257*/1.06 6 0.430*/1.22 45 mm 0.319*/1.05 0.09 0.236*/1.09 <0.109 Soft tissue 0.162*/1.34 25 mm 1994 1994 44 mm 0.433*/1.03 57.28E 1016 <0.014*/2.53 0.011*/1.03 3 0.196*/1.07 1994 0.183*/1.13 <0.003 0.228*/1.18 Soft tissue Soft tissue 0.908*/1.27 0.011*/1.10 1993 44 mm 0.204*/1.24 0.016*/1.10 Muscle 0.009*/1.08 0.226*/1.04 3 3 0.014 0.020*/1.48 Soft tissue 0.182*/1.02 0.014*/1.04 34 mm 0.400*/1.00 25-44 mm 1 2 data - MRII (2 OSPARCOM/JMG 0.194*/1.11 Olafsson J. 1986 (2) (2) 0.011*/1.16 data - NIVA OSPARCOM/JMG 0.259*/1.03 0.120*/1.23 23 mm 0.265*/1.05 data - MRII (2) OSPARCOM/JMG (1) 0.013*/1.11 (2) data - NIVA OSPARCOM/JMG 0.241*/1.03 (2) data - NIVA 0.010*/1.12 OSPARCOM/JMG 0.236*/1.01 0.600 data - MRII (2 OSPARCOM/JMG 0.014*/1.16 (1) data - MRII (2 OSPARCOM/JMG 0.015*/1.01 2.31 (1) 0.300 (1) (1) 1.67 0.010 (1) (1) Rosgidromet 1995 (2) Savinova in press Frobisher Bay, CanadaFrobisher Bay, Pechora Sea, RussiaPechora Sea, RussiaBaydaratskaya Gulf, RussiaPechora Sea, Russia 68.87-69.87N 69N 69.25N 50.72-58.81E 1993 68.87-69.87N CanadaResolute Bay, 57.28E 67E 50.72-58.81EAdmiralty Inlet, Canada Soft tissue 1993 74.68N 73N 1993 11 1994 Soft tissue 1984 Soft tissue 94.83W 13 Muscle 85W Soft tissue 3 1983 30 1 1984 Whole 1.30 64.1 mm 11 1.35 0.46*/1.32 1.28 1.32 0.84*/1.58 39 8.91 4.31 2.01*/0.85 0.010 2.10±0.72 Savinova in press Fallis, unpubl. (4) Savinova in press Savinova in press Rosgidromet 1995 (2) Macdonald and Sprague 1988 (4) ) sp. Kara Sea, Russia 1994 Muscle 1 0.020 Rosgidromet 1995 (2) sp.) Mya Mya truncata Calanus hyperboreus Calanus finmarchicus Species Location Latitude Longitude Year Tissue n Size/age Lead Cadmium Mercury Selenium Reference Blue mussel Clam( Clam( Faulkland Is., Canada Foxe Basin, Canada 1984 1982-1988 Muscle Siphon 7-12 3 All 0.15±0.08 0.47 0.21±0.13 0.543 0.007±0.005 and Stewart 1994 (1) Wagemann Hendzel 1992, Unpublished (1) Ciliatocardium ciliatum Nicania montaqui Macoma borealis Tridonta Crustacea Copepods Mixed species Bering Sea 198? 6 6.62±2.90 Hamanaka and Mishima 1981(1) ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ------––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Chapter 7 · Heavy Metals 485 .1986 (3) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1996 (2) . 1996 (2) . 1996 (2) . 1996 (2) . 1996 (2) . 1996, 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al 4 >5 g 2.18*/1.81 0.086*/1.56 1.52*/1.17 Dietz 8 >5 g 4.27*/1.16 0.105*/1.35 1.32*/1.12 Dietz 4 >5 g 5.09*/1.28 0.114*/1.09 1.70*/1.10 Dietz 3 >5 g 7.09*/1.08 0.258*/1.07 1.44*/1.19 Dietz Shell 6 <5 g 0.181*/1.97 0.344*/1.15 Dietz Shell 2 >5 g 0.093*/1.11 2.66*/1.45 Dietz Whole 4 Large 4.60*/1.42 <0.005 0.56*/1.15 Dietz WholeWhole 5 4 Medium Small 1.97*/1.32 2.31*/1.07 0.52*/1.14 0.66*/1.14 Dietz Dietz Shell 4 <5 g 0.106*/1.43 0.879*/1.13 Dietz MeatShell 2 2 >5 g >5 g 0.009*/2.50 0.070*/1.11 0.026*/1.68 3.93*/1.18 Dietz Dietz 1993 Meat 2 >5 g 0.008*/2.21 0.046*/1.36 Dietz 1983 Whole 23 0.29*/0.67 Macdonald and Sprague 1988 (4) 198?198?1984 Whole 3 18 10 6.68 9.07±7.71 11.3*/1.14 Hamanaka and Olgi 1984 (1) Macdonald and Sprague 1988 (4) 1981 (1) Hamanaka and Tsujita 1987 Whole 9 >5 g 4.29.*/1.27 0.218*/1.53 1.89*/1.07 Dietz Nuuk, Greenland 64.16N 51.75W 1983 Meat 6 <5 g 0.046*/1.79 0.013*/2.19 Dietz Sisimiut, Greenland 66.92N 53.50W 1987 Whole 1 <5 g 1.79 0.039 1.46 Dietz Kangatsiaq, Greenland 68.3N 53.5W 1987 Whole 8 <5 g 2.59*/1.21 0.051*/1.15 1.12*/1.18 Dietz Qeqertarssuaq, Greenland 69.83N 52.00W 1987 Whole 3 <5 g 4.10*/1.67 0.074*/1.41 1.94*/1.30 Dietz Baffin Bay 1987 Whole 2 <5 g 2.44*/3.63 0.08*/2.95 1.17*/1.03 Dietz Fram Strait, GreenlandGreenland SeaFram Strait, GreenlandFram Strait, GreenlandGreenland SeaGreenland SeaGreenland SeaGreenland SeaFram Strait, GreenlandGreenland SeaCape Hatt, Canada 1993 1993 1993 72.5N Whole 1993 Whole Whole 1993 28 80W Whole 1993 1993 8 1993 Whole 9 1993 37 Whole 1982 Whole Whole Whole 25 1993 23 19 11 0.20 Whole 7 0.18 0.60 0.26 9 34 0.33 0.65 0.25 0.63 0.09 0.71 0.45 0.28 3.07 0.56 0.65 0.12 0.42 2.69 0.13 0.68 0.15 0.35 1.21 0.51 0.30 1.53 0.35 0.27 0.17*/0.85 0.45 Ritterhoff and Zauke 1995 (3) 0.30 Ritterhoff and Zauke 1995 (3) Ritterhoff and Zauke 1995 (3) Ritterhoff and Zauke 1995 (3) Ritterhoff and Zauke 1995 (3) Ritterhoff and Zauke 1995 (3) Ritterhoff and Zauke 1995 (3) Ritterhoff and Zauke 1995 (3) Ritterhoff and Zauke 1995 (3) Ritterhoff and Zauke 1995 (3) Macdonald and Sprague 1988 (4) Resolute, CanadaCape Hatt , CanadaCape Hatt , CanadaCape Hatt, Canada 74.68N 72.5N 72.5N 72.5N 94.83W 80W 80W 80W 1984 1983 1983 Whole 1983 Whole Whole 34 Whole 45 22 24 3.07*/0.62 0.45*/0.50 9.57*/0.53 0.75*/0.72 Macdonald and Sprague 1988 (4) Macdonald and Sprague 1988 (4) Macdonald and Sprague 1988 (4) Macdonald and Sprague 1988 (4) Cape Hatt, CanadaCape Hatt, CanadaBering Sea 72.5N 72.5N 80W 80W 1983 1983 Whole Whole 29 14 198? 11 2.66*/0.59 6.07*/0.70 5.27 Macdonald and Sprague 1988 (4) Macdonald and Sprague 1988 (4) Hamanaka and Mishima 1981 (1) Grise Fjord, Canada CanadaResolute Bay, Cape Hatt, Canada CanadaFrobisher Bay, 76N 74.68N GreenlandAvanersuaq, 62.5N 72.5N 77.5N 94.83W 86W 66W 1983 80W 70W 1983 Whole 1979 1983 1987 10 Whole Whole Whole 10 10 62 5 All 5.79*/0.56 6.80*/0.66 6.31*/1.19 0.893*/1.20 15.2*/0.58 <0.005 0.24*/1.14 Dietz Macdonald and Sprague 1988 (4) Macdonald and Sprague 1988 (4) Macdonald and Sprague 1988 (4) Macdonald and Sprague 1988 (4) Uummannaq, Greenland 71.5N 52.5W 1987 Whole 5 All 1.38*/1.20 0.28*/1.10 Dietz Bering Sea CanadaResolute Bay, Bering Sea CanadaResolute Bay, Cape Hatt, Canada 74.68N 74.68N 94.83W 72.5N 94.83W 1984 80W 1984 Whole Whole 1983 3 Whole 198? 6 198? 6 1 2 16.1*/0.76 7.31*/0.55 14.6*/0.64 6.72 11.3±0.41 Macdonald and Sprague 1988 (4) Macdonald and Sprague 1988 (4) Macdonald and Sprague 1988 (4) 1981 (1) Hamanaka and Tsujita 1981(1) Hamanaka and Tsujita Uummannaq, Greenland 71.5N 52.5W 1983 Meat 4 <5 g 0.043*/2.09 0.014*/1.33 Dietz ) Upernavik, Greenland 74N 57W 1987 Whole 10 >5 g 5.20*/1.31 0.119*/1.38 1.58*/1.15 Dietz sp. Uummannaq, Greenland 71.5N 52.5W 1987 Whole 5 All <0.015 <0.005 0.31*/1.05 DAE, NERI unpublished (2) sp.sp. Baydaratskaya Gulf, Russia Kara Sea, Russia 69N 67E 1994 Whole 2 1994 Whole 2 2.57*/2.35 0.735*/3.55 0.542*/6.79 0.134*/3.12 0.014*/1.63 Rosgidromet 1995 (2) Rosgidromet 1995 (2) sp. S. Beaufort Sea, Canada 1984-1985 Soft tissue 8 <0.1-0.67§ 0.25±1.53 Boehm Pandalus borealis Calanus glacialis Metridia longa Euchaeta glacialis Euchaeta norvegica Euchaeta barbata Ostracods Conchoecia borealis Mysids Mysis litoralis Isopods Isopoda g. Isopoda g. Amphipods Gammarus setosus Boeckismus edwardsi Anonyx Anonyx sarsi Onisimus glacialis Parathemisto libellula Parathemisto pacifica Parathemisto abyssorum Hyperia galba Hyperoche medusarum Euphausiaceans Euphausiacea Decapods Deep-sea prawn( Flemish Cap, Canada 1994 Meat 1 0.050 0.010 0.010 Institute (2) National Veterinary 486 AMAP Assessment Report . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1996, 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1996, 1997b (2) . 1996, 1997b (2) . 1996, 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1996, 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1996, 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1996, 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Metals, µg/g wet weight (unless otherwise indicated by footnote in Reference column) 3 >5 g 6.05*/1.08 0.424*/1.34 3.91*/1.18 Dietz 1 >5 g 4.28 0.149 1.75 Dietz 4 >5 g 7.79*/1.14 0.055*/1.14 1.86*/1.29 Dietz 1 >5 g 3.66 0.884 <0.20 Dietz 1 >5 g 4.77 0.18 4.71 Dietz 1 >5 g 7.54 0.126 2.63 Dietz 2 >5 g 7.91*/1.29 0.051*/2.01 1.32*/1.10 Dietz 7 >5 g 1.31 0.107*/1.29 1.64*/1.13 Dietz 6 >5 g 3.18*/1.37 0.189*/1.46 1.42*/1.13 Dietz 5 >5 g 2.76*/1.69 0.052*/1.54 1.58*/1.12 Dietz 9 >5 g 2.26*/1.11 0.075*/1.30 2.01*/1.08 Dietz Shell 13 All 0.057*/1.29 1.03*/1.58 0.027*/1.86 0.31*/1.12 Dietz Shell 4 <5 g 0.127*/1.34 0.383*/1.11 Dietz MeatShell 2 2 >5 g >5 g 0.050*/1.03 0.119*/1.44 0.017*/1.03 0.892*/1.23 Dietz Dietz Meat 6 >5 g 0.038*/1.43 0.010*/1.63 Dietz Shell 6 >5 g 0.092*/1.59 0.516*/1.23 Dietz ------1987 Whole 1 <5 g 2.03 0.056 2.00 Dietz Greenland Sea 1993 Whole 25 0.30 1.09 0.26 Ritterhoff and Zauke 1995 (3) Kara Sea, RussiaBaydaratskaya Gulf, RussiaKara Sea, Russia 69N 67ECape Hatt, Canada 1994 Whole 72.5N 1994 1 1994 80W Whole Whole 1983 1 1 0.100 11 1.00 1701 0.060 0.250 0.010 1.0*/0.67 Rosgidromet 1995 (2) Rosgidromet 1995 (2) Rosgidromet 1995 (2) Macdonald and Sprague 1988 (4) Ittoqortoormiit, Greenland 70N 22W 1985 Whole 1 <5 g 5.03 0.307 2.92 Dietz Kong Oscars Fjord, Greenland 72.15N 24W 1985 Whole 1 <5 g 4.4 0.179 3.13 Dietz Ittoqortoormiit, Greenland 70N 22W 1985 Whole 3 <5 g 2.55*/1.43 0.359*/1.77 0.75 Dietz Nanortalik, Greenland 60N 45W 1985 Whole 4 <5 g 3.84*/1.14 0.149*/1.29 2.96*/1.49 Dietz Svalbard, NorwayBarents Sea, Norway NorwayTromsø, Bodø, Norway 69.70N 67.30N 19.00E 14.43E 1994 1994 1994 1994 Meat Meat Meat Meat 1 1 1 1 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.010 0.010 0.030 0.010 0.010 0.020 0.020 Institute (2) National Veterinary Institute (2) National Veterinary Institute (2) Institute (2) National Veterinary National Veterinary Ammassalik, Greenland 1985 Whole 3 <5 g 2.38*/1.07 0.094*/1.48 1.69*/1.13 Dietz Paamiut, Greenland 62.00N 49.47W 1983 Meat 4 <5 g 0.041*/2.31 0.013*/1.25 Dietz Nanortalik, Greenland 60N 45W 1985 Whole 5 <5 g 1.84*/1.22 0.078*/1.17 1.23*/1.06 Dietz Maniitsoq, Greenland 65.42N 52.90W 1985 Whole 5 <5 g 1.28*/1.29 0.027*/1.09 1.36*/1.09 Dietz ) sp. Kara Sea, Russia 1994 Whole 1-2 1.90 0.100*/1.00 <0.010 Rosgidromet 1995 (2) . Fram Strait, Greenland 1993 Whole 3 0.19 0.85 0.35 Ritterhoff and Zauke 1995 (3) sp. Kangatsiaq, Greenland 68.3N 53.5W 1987 Whole 2 <5 g 6.30*/1.06 0.072*/1.21 1.40*/1.05 Dietz sp. Kara Sea, Russia 1994 Whole 1 0.600 0.150 Rosgidromet 1995 (2) sp. Kara Sea, Russia 1994 Whole 1 <0.010 Rosgidromet 1995 (2) sp. Baydaratskaya Gulf, Russia 69N 67E 1994 Whole 1 0.320 0.190 Rosgidromet 1995 (2) . sp. Kara Sea, Russia 1994 Whole 1 0.020 Rosgidromet 1995 (2) sp. Ammassalik, Greenland 1985 Whole 1 <5 g 3.25 0.118 2.67 Dietz Standard Deviation. Eualus belcheri 1. Wet weight, Arithmetic mean. 1. Wet Echininoderms Echiuridae g. Ophiuroidea g. Ophiopleura borealis Ascidiacea g Chaetognaths Unidentified Canada Resolute Bay, 74.68N 94.83W 1984 4 1.31*/0.73 Macdonald and Sprague 1988 (4) Stegophiura nodosa Stegophiura nodosa Trochostoma Ascidians AscidiaceaeAscidiacea g. Svalbard, Norway N.W. Eukrohnia spec 79N 13E 1984 2 0.24 0.102 0.017 1.69 Carlberg and Bøler 1985 (2) Sclerocrangon Shrimp( Greenland Avanersuaq, 76.5N 69W 1984 Meat 13 All <0.020 0.039*/1.64 0.019*/2.10 <0.20 Dietz Sabinea Bikini Greenland Avanersuaq, 77.5N 70W 1987 Whole 3 <5 g 6.35*/1.80 0.023*/1.65 1.09*/1.73 Dietz Species Location Latitude Longitude Year Tissue n Size/age Lead Cadmium Mercury Selenium Reference */ Relative Standard Deviation. Deep-sea prawn ± 2. Wet weight., Geometric mean. 2. Wet 3. Dry weight, Arithmetic mean. 4. Dry weight, Geometric mean. ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ------––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Chapter 7 · Heavy Metals 487 . 1992 (1) . 1987 (1) . 1987 (1) . 1992 (1) et al et al et al et al Spraque 1988 (3) IN, Norway unpubl. (2) 0.01 Lande 1977 in Macdonald and 0.032*/1.32 Lockhart (2) pers. comm. ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Metals, µg/g wet weight (unless otherwise indicated by footnote in Reference column) Muscle 2 5 yrs <0.05 0.02±0.00 0.51±0.06 Muir Muscle 1 13 yrs <0.05 0.01 0.52 Muir ------198119911992 Muscle Muscle Muscle 2 5 619881989 Muscle1978 Muscle1991 46.9 cm1992 5 Muscle 54.2 cm1993 4 Muscle 49.4 cm Muscle 6 Muscle1988 51989 51990 5 Muscle Muscle 61.6 cm Muscle 60.0 cm 5 51984 5 68.0 cm1988 69.6 cm1989 Muscle 75.6 cm1990 Muscle1993 Muscle 6 Muscle 71.1 cm1980 5 Muscle 67.4 cm 4 60.7 cm1990 5 Muscle 0.003*/5.091993 5 0.052*/2.32 Muscle 0.055*/1.74 5 Muscle 65.1 cm1992 5 62.4 cm 5 59.3 cm Muscle 60.6 cm 0.024*/1.71 67.0 cm 0.032*/2.171984 10 Lockhart (2) pers. comm. 66.1 cm1989 Lockhart (2) pers. comm. 1991 Lockhart (2) pers. comm. Muscle 0.044*/1.13 61.8 cm1992 Muscle 0.043*/1.30 75.3 cm Muscle 0.055*/1.20 6 Muscle 5 54.4 cm 5 0.034*/1.42 Lockhart (2) pers. comm. 5 0.029*/1.28 Lockhart (2) pers. comm. 0.026*/1.86 Lockhart (2) pers. comm. 56.3 cm Lockhart (2) pers. comm. 59.1 cm Lockhart (2) pers. comm. 0.048*/1.50 59.4 cm 0.025*/1.37 60.0 cm 0.037*/1.15 Lockhart (2) pers. comm. 0.027*/1.78 Lockhart (2) pers. comm. 0.075*/1.17 Lockhart (2) pers. comm. 0.030*/1.0 0.022*/1.90 0.035*/1.26 Lockhart (2) pers. comm. Lockhart (2) pers. comm. Lockhart (2) pers. comm. 0.032*/1.55 Lockhart (2) pers. comm. Lockhart (2) pers. comm. Lockhart (2) pers. comm. Lockhart (2) pers. comm. 0.043*/1.23 Lockhart (2) pers. comm. 0.044*/1.35 0.058*/1.38 0.028*/2.08 Lockhart (2) pers. comm. Lockhart (2) pers. comm. Lockhart (2) pers. comm. Lockhart (2) pers. comm. Lockhart (2) pers. comm. 72.0N 140.0W 1981 Gonads 27 29.9 <0.01 Lockhart pers. comm. (2) Malvik, Norway 1976? Muscle 2 Saltfjorden, Nordland, Norway Nordland, NorwayTysfjord, 67.25NBarents Sea 68.12N 14.17E 16.42E 1994 1994 Muscle Muscle 1 1 1985 Muscle 0.050 1 0.050 0.010 0.010 0.040 0.030 0.006 NVI, Norway unpubl. (2) NVI, Norway unpubl. (2 0.011 IN, Norway unpubl. (2) Wellington Bay, Canada Bay, Wellington 69.3N 106.6W 1984 Muscle 5 69.2 cm 0.060*/1.13 Lockhart (2) pers. comm. Eastern Hudson Bay, CanadaEastern Hudson Bay, CanadaCambridge Bay, 69.1N CanadaLauchlan River, 1993 CanadaByron Bay, 105.0W Muscle 1977 69.0N 28-30Hall Beach, CanadaDease Strait, Canada Muscle 108.5W 68.9N CanadaFoggy Bay, CanadaEllice River, 1993 5 108.5W 68.8N 68.7N Muscle 1984 68.3N 81.2W 68.1N Canada 108.0W River, Tree 5 Muscle 104.7W 1992 Canada 1977Surrey River, 104.0W 53.8 cm 4 1993 <0.05 1977 Muscle MuscleNettilling, Canada 67.7N CanadaGore Bay, Muscle MusclePangnirtung Fiord, Canada 67.5N 5 5 71.9 cm 111.9W CanadaTessikakjuak, 5 106.7W 3 66.1N <0.005Stony Point Area, Canada 72.4 cm 1977 CanadaSylvia Grin. River, 66.5N 1989Chesterfield Inlet, Canada 66.3N 66.0W Muscle 63.9N 70.9W 64.3N 63.7N Muscle 69.8 cm 84.4W 59.2 cm 1990 63.4N 0.10*/ 1.50 92.8W 8 1990 76.8W 64.0 cm 68.6W 51.3 cm 5 1992 Muscle 90.8W 1988 0.43*/1.15 1977 Muscle 1991 Muscle 13 1977 Muscle Kingsley (2) pers .comm. Muscle 5 Muscle 0.062*/1.31 5 Muscle 66.0 cm 5 5 68.0 cm 5 5 0.024*/1.25 44.9 cm 56.1 cm 63.4 cm 0.045*/1.14 63.6 cm 37.9 cm 30.2 cm Lockhart (2) pers. comm. 58.8 cm 0.051*/1.43 0.058*/1.89 0.076*/1.48 0.32*/.75 Lockhart (2) pers. comm. Lockhart (2) pers. comm. 0.017*/1.85 Lockhart (2) pers. comm. Lockhart (2) pers. comm. 0.036*/1.50 Lockhart (2) pers. comm. 0.029*/1.41 Lockhart (2) pers. comm. 0.080*/1.40 0.024*/1.25 0.027*/1.81 0.013*/1.46 0.080*/1.26 Lockhart (2) pers. comm. 0.014*/1.67 Lockhart (2) pers. comm. Lockhart (2) pers. comm. Lockhart (2) pers. comm. Lockhart (2) pers. comm. Lockhart (2) pers. comm. Lockhart (2) pers. comm. Lockhart (2) pers. comm. Lockhart (2) pers. comm. Tuktoyaktuk Harbor, Canada Harbor, Tuktoyaktuk 69.43N 132.93W 1984 Liver 2 5 yrs 30.6 0.05±0.03 3.26±0.90 Muir ) Paulatuk, Canada 69.8N 124.0W 1984 Muscle 6 54.7 cm 0.040*/1.32 Lockhart (2) pers. comm. ) ) 72.0N 140.0W 1981 Muscle 25 30.0 cm 0.026 Lockhart pers. comm. (2) sp.) 1981 Muscle 6 44.6 cm 0.056*/1.89 Lockhart (2) pers. comm. Coregonus nasus Salvelinus alpinus Coregonus Clupea harengus Broad whitefish Canada Harbor, Tuktoyaktuk 69.43N 132.93W 1984 Liver 1 13 yrs 40.3 0.08 0.68 Muir ( Arctic char( Saputing, Canada 70.7N 85.4W 1979 Muscle 5 73.3 cm 0.051*/1.28 Lockhart (2) pers. comm. Whitefish( Mckenzie Delta, Canada 69.3N 134.1W 1977 Muscle 25 45.7 cm 0.052*/1.54 Lockhart (2) pers. comm. Species Location Latitude Longitude Year Tissue n Sex Size/age Lead Cadmium Mercury Selenium Reference Pacific herring( Beaufort Sea, Alaska 1981 Muscle 28 0.026 0.01 0.028 0.371 Hendzel 1990, unpubl. (1) Table 7·A13. Lead, cadmium, mercury and selenium in Arctic fish. Table ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ------––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 488 AMAP Assessment Report . 1996 (2) . 1996 (2) . 1996 (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1992 (1) . 1992 (1) . 1992 (1) . 1992 (1) . 1992 (1) . 1992 (1) . 1992 (1) . 1992 (1) . 1992 (1) . 1992 (1) . 1992 (1) . 1992 (1) . 1992 (1) . 1992 (1) . 1992 (1) . 1992 (1) . 1992 (1) . 1992 (1) . 1992 (1) . 1992 (1) . 1992 (1) et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al Muir 0.58±0.40.8±0.040.58±0.40 Muir Muir Muir 1.20.85±0.14(1) Muir Muir 0.91±0.320.7(1) Muir Muir 0.48±0.22 Muir 0.055*/1.320.0420.049±0.017 Lockhart (2) pers. comm. Smith and Armstrong 1975 (1) Hendzel 1990, unpubl. (1) ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Metals, µg/g wet weight (unless otherwise indicated by footnote in Reference column) 11-15 cm 0.023 0.462 0.78 Stange 12-18 cm12-18 cm 0.017 0.008 0.373 0.015 0.01 0.65 Stange Stange 19.0 cm19.0 cm 0.659 <0.015 0.007 0.019 1.00 0.23 Dietz Dietz 14.5 cm14.5 cm 0.356*/1.72 <0.015 0.008*/1.27 0.018*/1.87 0.81*/1.53 Dietz 0.21*/1.96 Dietz 14.5 cm14.5 cm 1.10*/4.26 <0.015 0.007*/2.73 0.019*/1.24 0.95*/1.69 <0.20 Dietz Dietz 12.6 cm12.6 cm 0.162*/2.42 <0.015 <0.005 0.011*/1.70 0.59*/1.62 0.24*/1.59 Dietz Dietz 14.9 cm14.8 cm 0.802*/1.63 0.036*/2.70 0.016*/1.73 0.039*/1.31 0.90*/1.26 0.54*/1.43 Dietz Dietz 14.4 cm 0.024*/1.97 Dietz 17.1 cm 0.039*/1.39 Dietz 17.7 cm 0.035*/1.39 Dietz 17.5 cm 0.053*/1.44 Dietz 15.5 cm 0.016*/1.69 Dietz 34.5 cm34.5 cm34.5 cm 0.022*/1.83 <0.015 <0.015 Dietz Dietz Dietz 33.6 cm 0.053*/1.73 Dietz Muscle 25 Muscle 1 Muscle 3 Muscle 3 Muscle 21-22 Muscle 38 Muscle 6 3 yrs <0.05 0.02±0.01 0.42±0.06 Muir Kidney 4Liver 2 3 yrs 2-3 yrs 0.05 0.58±0.26 Muir Muscle 2 2 yrs <0.05 0.04±0.02 0.43±0.01 Muir Kidney 1 GonadsWhole 3Muscle 47 8 5 yrs 0.73 <0.05 0.62±0.22 0.02±0.004 0.51±0.19 Muir Macdonald and Sprague 1988 (4) Kidney 6 5 yrs GonadsLiver 3 6 5 yrs 11-12 yrs 0.91±0.47 0.01±0.01 0.62±0.2 Muir KidneyGonads 6Muscle 6 6 11-12 yrs 11-12 yrs 0.33±0.15 0.03±0.01 <0.05 0.05 0.62±0.27 Muir 0.03±0.01 0.81±0.19 0.35±0.10 Muir Muir MuscleBone 10 10 ------1984 Liver 8 5 yrs 1993 Whole 20 1990 Whole 49 1993 Muscle199119921993 5 Muscle Muscle Muscle 51993 5 5 Muscle1993 61.8 cm 5 Muscle 50.7 cm 56.0 cm 5 57.3 cm 58.4 cm 54.2 cm 0.047*/1.28 0.039*/1.52 0.015*/1.46 0.074*/2.42 0.067*/1.22 Lockhart (2) pers. comm. 0.059*/1.21 Lockhart (2) pers. comm. Lockhart (2) pers. comm. Lockhart (2) pers. comm. Lockhart (2) pers. comm. Lockhart (2) pers. comm. Greenland Sea 78.37N 10W 1994 Liver 25 Jan Mayen, Norway 71.53N 10W 1994 Liver 25 Denmark Strait, Greenland 69.5N 21.5W 1985 Liver 1 Ittoqqortoormiit, Greenland 70N 22W 1985 Liver 3 Kong Oscar Fjord, Greenland 77.15N 24W 1985 Liver 2-3 Nanortalik, Greenland 60N 45W 1985 Liver 21-22 Grise Fjord, Canada CanadaResolute Bay, 76.58N 74.68N 83.23W 94.83W 1983 1984 Liver Muscle 2 6 2-3 yrs 0.05 1.14*/0.679 0.04±0.02 0.43±0.01 Muir Macdonald and Sprague 1988 (4) Resolute Bay, CanadaResolute Bay, Barrow Strait, Canada 74.68N 94.83W 1984 Gonads 2 1984 Liver 2-3 yrs 2 2 yrs Cambridge Bay, CanadaCambridge Bay, 69.05N 105.17W 1984 Muscle 1 0.05 0.02 0.33 Muir Arctic Bay, CanadaArctic Bay, 73.02N 85.12W 1983 Whole 50 7.0-16.8 cm 0.40*/0.53 Macdonald and Sprague 1988 (4) Pangnirtung, Canada 66.15N 65.72W 1984 Muscle 6 11-12 yrs 0.06 0.03±0.01 0.35±0.1 Muir Cumberland Sound, Canada GreenlandAvanersuaq, 65.2N 65.5W 77.5N 1984 70W Liver 1987 6 Liver 34 0.83±0.45 0.01±0.01 0.62±0.20 Muir Barents Sea 71.3N 37.8E 1985 Muscle 3 0.003*/1.68 0.011*/1.26 unpubl. (2) IN, Norway, Ivittuut, Greenland 61.25N 48.25W 1983 Whole 20 Narsaq, Greenland 61.0N 46.0W 1983 Liver 10 Paulatuk, CanadaHolman Island, CanadaIvittuut, Greenland 70.65N 69.35N 117.73W 61.25N 124.07W 1972 48.25W 1984 Muscle 1983 Muscle 12 Liver 6 10 Baker Foreland, CanadaRankin Inlet, Canada 62.9NCorbet Inlet, Canada CanadaPistol Bay, 62.8N 90.8W Canada River, Wilson 92.2W CanadaFerguson River, 1989Sandy Point, Canada 62.5N 1984 62.3NRichmond Gulf, Canada 62.4N Muscle 92.3W 61.7N Muscle 93.1W 92.6W 5 61.7N 1989 93.3W 6 1988 1988 93.3W Muscle 1992 Muscle Muscle 1992 5 Muscle 61.8 cm 5 6 Muscle 5 56.3 cm 1994 5 64.5 cm Muscle 62.4 cm 70.0 cm 66.3 cm 5 63.4 cm 0.048*/1.40 0.051*/2.01 0.057*/1.23 0.029*/2.02 0.030*/1.60 0.029*/2.15 Lockhart (2) pers. comm. 0.047*/1.47 Lockhart (2) pers. comm. Lockhart (2) pers. comm. Lockhart (2) pers. comm. Lockhart (2) pers. comm. Lockhart (2) pers. comm. Lockhart (2) pers. comm. ) ) 1989 Whole 20 Boreogadus saida Mallotus villosus Arctic cod Canada Kugmallit Bay, 69.55N 133.58W 1984 Liver 6 3 yrs ( ( Capelin Uummannaq, Greenland 71.5N 52.5W 1988 Whole 40 Species Location Latitude Longitude Year Tissue n Sex Size/age Lead Cadmium Mercury Selenium Reference Arctic char ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ------––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Chapter 7 · Heavy Metals 489 . 1996 (1) . 1996 (1) . 1996 (1) . 1996 (1) . 1992 (3) . 1992 (3) . 1992 (3) . 1992 (3) . 1996 (2) . 1996 (2) . 1996 (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al 0.0500.0500.050 0.140 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.080 0.010 unpubl. NVI, Norway, unpubl. NVI, Norway, unpubl. NVI, Norway, 32-69 cm 0.047*/1.38 unpubl. (2) OSPARCOM/NIVA, 32-69 cm 0.142*/1.90 data OSPARCOM/JMG 50-70 cm 0.070*/1.57 unpubl. (2) OSPARCOM/NIVA, 50-70 cm <0.030*/1.00 0.068*/2.58 unpubl. (2) OSPARCOM/NIVA, 52-77 cm 0.048*/1.49 unpubl. (2) OSPARCOM/NIVA, 37.5-81.5 cm37.5-81.5 cm <0.030*/1.00 0.029*/2.79 0.083*/1.38 unpubl. (2) OSPARCOM/NIVA, unpubl. (2) OSPARCOM/NIVA, 43.5-72.0 cm 0.055*/1.40 unpubl. (2) OSPARCOM/NIVA, 31-43 cm31-43 cm <0.07043.5-72.0 cm <0.024*/1.25 0.184 0.041*/2.50 0.029 unpubl. (2) OSPARCOM/NIVA, unpubl. (1) OSPARCOM/MRII, unpubl. (1) OSPARCOM/MRII, 64 cm64 cm 0.206 0.069 0.025 unpubl. (2) OSPARCOM/NIVA, unpubl. (2) OSPARCOM/NIVA, 46-59 cm46-59 cm 0.003 0.004 0.06 0.0004 0.01 0.98 Stange Stange 47.9 cm47.1 cm47.9 cm49.4 cm 0.121*/1.84 0.082*/1.35 <0.015 0.067 0.009*/1.04 0.045*/1.20 0.069*/2.09 0.013 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz 59.3 cm59.3 cm59.3 cm 0.286*/1.45 0.125*/1.31 <0.015 0.016*/1.31 0.046*/1.20 0.038*/1.25 Dietz Dietz Dietz 87.6 cm87.6 cm115 cm 0.053*/3.17 <0.015 0.022*/3.90 0.068*/3.97 1.07*/1.31 Dietz <0.20 0.037 Dietz 0.46 Dietz 43-108 cm <0.1 0.75±0.53 <0.05 2.3±0.66 Hellou 64-75 cm64-75 cm43-108 cm <0.1 <0.04 <0.04 0.75±0.45 <0.01 0.03±0.03 <0.05 0.44±0.07 0.52 ±0.03 1.1±0.35 1.6 1.7±0.33 Hellou Hellou Hellou 59.5 cm59.5 cm59.5 cm 0.042 <0.015 4.72 0.51 1.71 Dietz Dietz Dietz 61.5 cm61.5 cm 0.069 <0.015 3.07 0.39 Dietz Dietz 61.5 cm 4.22 0.018 1.82 Dietz 15-19 cm 0.005±0.005 0.0034±0.0017 <0.01 Maage 15-19 cm 0.045±0.026 0.175±0.049 0.69±0.08 Maage 16-19 cm16-19 cm 0.011±0.006 0.009±0.002 0.132±0.030 0.0066±0.0029 <0.01 0.68±0.02 Maage Maage 11-15 cm 0.009 0.0127 <0.01 Stange Muscle 10 MuscleMuscle 24 25 61-57 cm 49-60 cm 0.067*/1.72 0.071*/1.43 unpubl. (2) OSPARCOM/NIVA, unpubl. (2) OSPARCOM/NIVA, Muscle 24 Muscle 17 Muscle 1 Muscle 25 Muscle 4 36-42 cm 0.025 unpubl. (1) OSPARCOM/MRII, Muscle 35 28-46 cm 0.046 unpubl. (1) OSPARCOM/MRII, MuscleGonads 1 1 MuscleMuscle 1Muscle 25Muscle 24 21 47.1 cm 49.5-71.5 46.5-67.0 cm 42.5-78.0 cm 0.044 0.063*/1.52 0.036*/1.47 0.050*/1.74 unpubl. (2) OSPARCOM/NIVA, unpubl. (2) OSPARCOM/NIVA, unpubl. (2) OSPARCOM/NIVA, unpubl. (2) OSPARCOM/NIVA, KidneyMuscleBile 2 3 1 KidneyMuscle 3 3 MuscleGonades 5 1 MuscleMuscle 12 10 Muscle 1 0.02 0.014 0.025 0.38 Carlberg and Bøler 1985 KidneyMuscle 1 1 KidneySpleen 1 1 Muscle 25 Muscle 25 Muscle 25 1985 Liver 1 48.1 cm 0.095 unpubl. (2) OSPARCOM/NIVA, 19931994 Liver Liver 24 25 61-57 cm 49-60 cm <0.033*/1.36 <0.030*/1.00 0.151*/1.86 0.031*/0.03 unpubl. (2) OSPARCOM/NIVA, unpubl. (2) OSPARCOM/NIVA, 1986 Liver 1 1994 Liver 24 1992 Liver 4 36-42 cm <0.030 0.064 unpubl. (1) OSPARCOM/MRII, 1991 Liver 17 1988 Liver 1 47.1 cm <0.087 0.029 unpubl. (2) OSPARCOM/NIVA, Norway Muscle 13 Norway Muscle 25 Norway Muscle 25 Norway Muscle 1 0.050 0.010 0.010 unpubl. NVI, Norway, Orkdalsfjorden/Trossavika, 64N 10E 1984 Liver 13 Lofoten area/Lille Molla, 68.2N 14.8E 1992 Liver 25 NorwayMalvik, NorwayFroan area/Stokken area, 64N 10E 1993 Liver 25 Muscle Muscle 4 2 0.02 0.01 Spraque 1988 (3) Lande 1977 in Macdonald and Iceland 1990 Liver 35 28-46 cm <0.208 0.133 unpubl. (1) OSPARCOM/MRII, Lofoten area, Norway 68.25N 13.50E 1994 Liver 1 Finnsnes-Skervøy area, Norway 69NHammerfest area NorwayVarangerfjorden, 18EBaatsfjord/Eastern Finmark, 70.10N 1994 71N 29.25E Liver 1994 24E 25 Liver 1994 21 Liver 1994 49.5-71.5 cm 24 Liver <0.031*/1.15 1 42.5-78.0 cm 0.179*/2.01 <0.030*/1.07 46.5-67.0 cm 0.217*/1.82 <0.035*/1.44 0.231*/1.82 0.050 unpubl. (2) OSPARCOM/NIVA, 0.130 unpubl. (2) OSPARCOM/NIVA, 0.030 unpubl. (2) OSPARCOM/NIVA, unpubl. NVI, Norway, Faeroe Island 62.34N 6.14W 1994 Liver 25 Ammassalik, Greenland 65.50N 37.62W 1985 Liver 3 Nanortalik, Greenland 60N 45W 1985 Liver 3 Newfoundland, CanadaNuuk, Greenland 46N 57W 64.16N 51.75W 1986 Liver Liver 10 5 Ammassalik, Greenland 65.50N 37.62W 1985 Liver 1 Barents Sea 73.04N 48.1E 1993 Liver 25 Barents Sea 76.05N 41E 1992 Liver 25 ) ) Canada Labrador, 54N 50W 1990 Liver 12 sp.) Gadus morhua Gadus Brosme brosme Atlantic cod( Canada Frobisher Bay, 62.5N 66W 1976 Muscle 1 0.14 0.02 Hendzel 1990, unpubl. (1) Cod( Svalbard, Norway 79N 13E 1984 Liver 1 <0.024 0.089 0.011 0.82 Carlberg and Bøler 1985 ( Cusk Nanortalik, Greenland 60N 45W 1985 Liver 1 490 AMAP Assessment Report . 1996 (1) . 1996 (1) . 1996 (1) . 1996 (1) . 1996 (2) . 1996 (2) . 1979 (1) . 1979 (1) . 1979 (1) . 1979 (1) ., 1997b (2) ., 1997b (2) ., 1997b (2) ., 1997b (2) ., 1997b (2) ., 1997b (2) ., 1997b (2) ., 1997b (2) ., 1997b (2) ., 1997b (2) ., 1997b (2) ., 1997b (2) ., 1997b (2) ., 1997b (2) ., 1997b (2) . 1992 (1) . 1992 (1) . 1992 (1) . 1992 (1) et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al 0.17 1.1±0.09 Muir 0.13±0.11 Whoriskey and Brown 1988 (1) ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Metals, µg/g wet weight (unless otherwise indicated by footnote in Reference column) 42.0-65.0 cm41 cm41 cm 0.160 0.083 0.046*/1.34 0.030 unpubl. NVI, Norway, unpubl. NVI, Norway, unpubl. NVI, Norway, 48.8 cm48.8 cm48.8 cm 0.316*/1.84 <0.015 <0.015 Dietz Dietz Dietz 51.4 cm51.4 cm51.4 cm52.3 cm58.0 cm58.0 cm 0.311*/1.54 0.033*/1.66 <0.015 0.049*/1.78 0.022*/1.49 <0.015 0.025*/1.94 <0.015 0.037*/1.15 1.35*/1.54 0.066*/1.57 1.21*/1.12 Dietz 0.010 2.02*/1.15 Dietz <0.20 0.007 Dietz Dietz 0.53 0.75 Dietz Dietz 52.5-54.7 cm <0.01 <0.015 Dietz 51.5 cm <0.015 Dietz 54.6 cm <0.015 Dietz 51.5 cm <0.015 Dietz 47.9 cm <0.015 Dietz 39-51 cm 0.003±0.002 0.0003±0.0002 0.01±0.01 Maage 39-51 cm 0.011±0.010 0.056±0.038 0.69±0.19 Maage 42.5 cm <0.015 Dietz 56-94 cm 0.007±0.004 0.0024±0.0015 0.04±0.02 Maage 56-94 cm 0.033±0.055 0.168±0.098 0.79±0.40 Maage 8.6 cm8.6 cm 0.1 0.15 Bruce Bruce 7.7 cm 0.11 Bruce 5.7 cm 0.05 Bruce 65-103 cm65-103 cm 0.013 0.004 0.10 0.0004 0.05 0.29 Stange Stange MuscleMuscle 1 1Muscle 2 43.3 cmMuscle 45.1 cm 1Muscle 1 15.2 cm <0.050 <0.010 0.076 0.014 <0.010 unpubl. (2) 0.043 OSPARCOM/NIVA, unpubl. (2) OSPARCOM/NIVA, unpubl. NVI, Norway, unpubl. NVI, Norway, MuscleBone 8 8 KidneyMuscleSpleen 5 Bile 5 Gonades 4 1 1 MuscleMuscle 25 1 0.250 0.050 0.010 Rosgidromet 1995 (1) Kidney 7 Muscle 25 Muscle 7 <0.05 0.04±0.01 0.33±0.05 Muir Gonads 7 0.03±0.01 0.02 0.88±0.2 Muir Muscle 10 Muscle 3 Muscle 11 MuscleLiverMuscle 2 1 1 21-23 cm 18 cm 18 cm 0.003*/1.23 0.017 0.017*/1.04 0.004 0.025 0.019 unpubl. (2) IN, Norway, unpubl. (2) IN, Norway, unpubl. (2) IN, Norway, LiverMuscleGonads 3 3Muscle 1Gonads 1 1 <0.050 <0.050 <0.050 <0.050 <0.050 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 unpubl. NVI, Norway, unpubl. NVI, Norway, unpubl. NVI, Norway, unpubl. NVI, Norway, unpubl. NVI, Norway, ------19871988 Liver Liver 1 11988 43.3 cm Liver 45.1 cm1986 <0.169 1 <0.071 Liver 0.124 1 0.024 15.2 cm 0.077 0.054 unpubl. (2) OSPARCOM/NIVA, unpubl. (2) OSPARCOM/NIVA, unpubl. NVI, Norway, 1993 Muscle 5-10 1992 Muscle 10 1991 Muscle 16 1990 Muscle 10 1989 Muscle 10 1995 Liver 1 <0.050 <0.010 <0.010 unpubl. NVI, Norway, Norway Muscle 1 0.050 0.010 0.010 unpubl. NVI, Norway, Norway Muscle 1 42.9 cm 0.022 unpubl. (2) OSPARCOM/NIVA, Lofoten, Henningsvær, NorwayLofoten, Henningsvær, 68.13N 14.23E 1994 Liver 2 <0.050 <0.010 <0.010 unpubl. NVI, Norway, Baatsfjord/Eastern Finnmark, Saltfjorden, Nordland, Norway 67.25N 14.17E 1994 1994 Muscle Liver 1 1 0.050 0.070 0.014 0.170 0.055 0.010 unpubl. NVI, Norway, unpubl. NVI, Norway, Ivittuut, Greenland 61.25N 48.25W 1983 Liver 8 Nuuk, Greenland 64.16N 51.75W 1985 Liver 5 Kara Sea, Russia 69.2N 67.7E 1995 Liver 1 0.250 <0.050 0.020 Rosgidromet 1995 (1) Barents Sea 69.28N 35.49E 1993 Liver 25 Maquatua River, CanadaMaquatua River, 1987 Muscle 46 Hopedale, Canada 55.50N 61.17W 1978 Muscle 4 Makkovik Bay, CanadaMakkovik Bay, 55.00N 59.17W 1978 Muscle 3 Uummannaq, Greenland 71.5N 52.5W 1988 Muscle 10 Barents Sea 71.4N 37.8E 1985 Liver 2 21-23 cm 0.019*/1.46 0.010*/1.72 unpubl. (2) IN, Norway, Svalbard, Norway 76.39N 14.52E 1993 Liver 25 Halten Banken, Norway 67.06N 8.31E 1994 Liver 13 ) Norway Muscle 1 18 cm 0.045 unpubl. NVI, Norway, ) Norway Muscle 6 ) ) Merlangius merlangus Pollachius pollachius Melanogrammus Gadus ogac Whiting( Orkdalsfjorden/Trossavika, 63.58N 10.00E 1987 Liver 1 18 cm <0.141 0.069 unpubl. NVI, Norway, Pollack( Orkdalsfjorden/Trossavika, 63.58N 10.00E 1985 Liver 2 50.1 cm 0.070 unpubl. NVI, Norway, Haddock( aeglefinus Orkdalsfjorden/Trossavika, 63.58N 10.00E 1986 Liver 1 42.9 cm 0.099 0.004 unpubl. (2) OSPARCOM/NIVA, Greenland cod Canada Cambridge Bay, 69.05N 105.17W 1984 Liver 6 <0.05 0.04±0.02 1.14±0.21 Muir ( Species Location Latitude Longitude Year Tissue n Sex Size/age Lead Cadmium Mercury Selenium Reference Atlantic cod ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ------––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Chapter 7 · Heavy Metals 491 . 1979 (1) . 1979 (1) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1992 (1) . 1992 (1) . 1992 (1) . 1992 (1_ et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al 0.59±0.37 Muir 0.55±0.06 Muir 0.26±0.13 Muir 30.3 cm30.3 cm30.3 cm 0.416 <0.015 0.433 0.028 Dietz Dietz Dietz 30.3 cm 0.886 0.037 Dietz 11.0 cm11.0 cm 0.149 <0.015 0.018 0.006 Dietz Dietz 17.6 cm17.6 cm19.5 cm 0.570*/1.31 <0.015 0.149*/2.40 0.054*/1.86 0.026*/1.57 0.082*/2.29 Dietz Dietz Dietz 22.5 cm32.0 cm32.0 cm <0.015 0.258*/5.48 0.258*/1.42 0.064*/2.21 0.241*/1.79 0.026*/2.74 Dietz Dietz Dietz 22.9 cm 0.796*/1.26 0.084*/1.91 Dietz 38.4 cm 0.475*/1.41 0.052*/1.36 Dietz 38.4 cm38.4 cm39.1 cm <0.015 0.023*/3.12 0.020*/4.02 0.046*/1.45 0.159*/1.50 0.015*/2.97 Dietz Dietz Dietz 46.0 cm46.0 cm <0.015 0.380 0.035 0.030 Dietz Dietz 46.0 cm 2.01 0.044 Dietz 23.3 cm23.3 cm23.3 cm 0.531*/1.88 <0.015 0.159*/1.50 0.019*/1.20 0.024*/1.56 0.030*/1.06 Dietz Dietz Dietz 22.9 cm16.1 cm21.6 cm22.9 cm 0.322*/1.97 0.122 <0.015 0.174*/1.12 0.022*/1.07 0.122 0.051 0.046*/1.47 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz 32.8 cm32.8 cm32.8 cm32.8 cm 4.64 <0.015 0.643 2.06 0.078 0.101 0.037 0.067 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz 23.2 cm25.5 cm <0.015 0.044 0.030*/1.01 0.054 Dietz Dietz 23.2 cm 0.107*/1.03 Dietz 25.9 cm 1.03*/2.75 0.027*/1.16 Dietz 27.0 cm26.5 cm25.9 cm 0.077 <0.015 0.077*/1.53 0.027*/1.12 0.020 0.045*/1.16 Dietz Dietz Dietz 35.9 cm 0.284*/1.40 0.012*/1.73 0.99*/1.14 Dietz 35.9 cm35.9 cm <0.015 0.058*/1.31 0.017*/1.61 0.045*/1.49 3.48*/1.34 <0.20 Dietz Dietz 20.7 cm18.7-20.7 cm18.5-21.7 cm <0.015 0.535*/1.68 0.366 0.016*/2.14 0.060*/1.63 0.031*/1.80 0.88*/1.57 0.37*/1.49 Dietz 5.25*/1.16 Dietz Dietz 24.1 cm24.1 cm 1020 <0.015 0.011 0.882 1.64 0.29 Dietz Dietz 21.0 cm <0.015 0.278*/1.13 <0.20 Dietz 21.0 cm 0.192*/1.54 0.187*/1.27 0.28*/2.07 Dietz 4.0 cm4.3 cm 0.39 0.22 Bruce Bruce KidneyMuscleSpleen 1 1 1 Muscle 1 MuscleSpleen 3 2 SpleenBile 2 2 Muscle 2 SpleenBile 3 2 Muscle 3 Spleen 1 Muscle 1 MuscleSpleen 3 3 KidneyMuscleSpleen 1 3 1-2 Muscle 2 12 yrs <0.05 0.08±0.01 0.29±0.08 Muir Kidney 2 12 yrs MuscleSpleenBile 1 1 1 MuscleSpleen 2 1 Gonads 2 12 yrs MuscleSpleen 2 3 Kidney 1 MuscleSpleen 3 3 MuscleSpleen 3 1-2 Muscle 1 Muscle 11 MuscleMuscle 1Gonads 2 1 51.1 cm <0.050 <0.050 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 0.036 <0.010 unpubl. NVI, Norway, unpubl. NVI, Norway, unpubl. NVI, Norway, Muscle 4 1988 Liver 1 51.1 cm <0.103 0.024 unpubl. NVI, Norway, Ammassalik, Greenland 65.50N 37.62W 1985 Liver 1 Ittoqqortoormiit, Greenland 70N 22W 1985 Liver 3 Ammassalik, Greenland 65.50N 37.62W 1985 Liver 3 Ammassalik, Greenland 65.50N 37.62W 1985 Liver 2 Ittoqqortoormiit, Greenland 70N 22W 1985 Kidney 1 Ittoqqortoormiit, Greenland 70N 22W 1985 Liver 3 Kong Oscars Fjord, Greenland 72.15N 24W 1985 Liver 1 Lofoten, Henningsvær, NorwayLofoten, Henningsvær, 68.13N 14.23E 1994 Liver 2 <0.050 <0.010 <0.010 unpubl. NVI, Norway, ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Norway Muscle 1 46.5 cm 0.005 unpubl. NVI, Norway, ) ) ) ) Lycodes vahli Lycodes Lycodes reticulatus Lycodes Lycodes seminudus Lycodes Lycodes esmarki Lycodes Gymnelis viridis Onogadus argentatus Lycodes Lycodes Arctogadus borisovi Arctogadus glacialis Pollachius virens Microgadus tomcod ( Vahl’s eelpoutVahl’s Nanortalik, Greenland 60N 45W 1985 Liver 1 ( ( Arctic eelpout Kong Oscar Fjord, Greenland 72.15N 24W 1985 Liver 4 Eelpout Ittoqqortoormiit, Greenland 70N 22W 1985 Liver 3 ( Esmarks eelpout Ammassalik, Greenland 65.50N 37.62W 1985 Liver 1 Fish Doctor Canada Resolute Bay, 74.68N 94.83W 1984 Liver 2 12 yrs ( ( ( eudipleurostichus ( Silver rockling Nanortalik, Greenland 60N 45W 1985 Liver 2 Eelpout Nanortalik, Greenland 60N 45W 1985 Liver 3 East siberian cod Ammassalik, Greenland 65.50N 37.62W 1985 Liver 3 ( Saithe( Atlantic Tomcod Canada Northwest River, Orkdalsfjorden/Trossavika, 53.50N 63.58N 60.17W 10.00E 1977 1988 Muscle Liver 4 1 46.5 cm 0.097 0.016 unpubl. NVI, Norway, ( Polar cod Upernavik, Greenland 74N 57W 1987 Liver 11 492 AMAP Assessment Report . 1996 (2) . 1996 (2) . 1996 (2) . 1996 (2) . 1996 (2) . 1996 (2) . 1996 (2) . 1996 (2) . 1996 (2) . 1996 (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Metals, µg/g wet weight (unless otherwise indicated by footnote in Reference column) 46.4 cm46.4 cm47.7 cm 0.104*/1.92 <0.015 0.053*/1.87 0.037*/1.39 0.056*/1.78 0.036*/1.25 1.38*/1.20 1.56*/1.50 Dietz 0.25*/1.74 Dietz Dietz 46.4 cm 0.730*/2.12 0.027*/1.32 2.75*/1.61 Dietz 36-42 cm36-42 cm 0.022 0.003 0.957 0.003 0.07 0.07 2.20 0.39 Stange Stange 39-44 cm39-44 cm 0.014 0.004 4.21 0.004 0.25 0.18 1.74 0.51 Stange Stange 17-33 cm17-33 cm 0.018 0.006 0.509 0.002 0.01 0.03 1.44 0.36 Stange Stange 33-40 cm33-40 cm 0.031 0.003 10.1 0.009 0.37 0.21 2.68 0.40 Stange Stange 32-35 cm 0.042 6.65 0.28 2.15 Stange 32-35 cm 0.005 0.0133 0.19 0.44 Stange 64.0 cm64.0 cm64.0 cm 1.15*/1.90 <0.015 <0.015 Dietz Dietz Dietz 80.4 cm <0.015 Dietz 74.1-79.2 cm77.9-78.4 cm74.1-80.8 cm 0.013*/1.78 <0.01 0.016*/1.99 2.88*/2.69 <0.015 <0.015 Dietz Dietz Dietz 79.2 cm72.6 cm75.8 cm 1.84*/2.82 <0.015 <0.015 Dietz Dietz Dietz 69.8 cm72.5 cm71.5 cm 2.33*/1.63 <0.015 <0.015 Dietz Dietz Dietz 74.9 cm70.9 cm75.1 cm 2.12*/2.12 <0.015 <0.015 Dietz Dietz Dietz 75.3 cm75.2 cm75.3 cm 1.69*/1.83 <0.015 <0.015 Dietz Dietz Dietz 79.0 cm 2.58*/1.59 Dietz 80.8 cm79.0 cm <0.015 <0.015 Dietz Dietz 24.4 cm24.4 cm24.4 cm27.8 cm 0.184*/1.08 0.055*/1.09 <0.015 0.158 0.033*/1.15 0.032*/1.15 0.036*/1.17 0.023 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz 55.0 cm55.0 cm55.0 cm55.0 cm 0.094 <0.015 0.104 0.122 0.025 0.064 0.024 <0.005 2.56 0.30 4.06 0.74 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz 55.0 cm 1.61 0.013 3.33 Dietz 102 cm102 cm102 cm106 cm102-106 cm 1.06*/2.21 0.046*/1.08 <0.015 <0.015 <0.015 0.046*/1.58 0.048*/1.77 <0.005 1.13*/1.00 0.056*/1.49 2.45*/1.37 <0.005 Dietz Dietz <0.20 0.68 Dietz Dietz Dietz 101 cm101 cm101 cm 1.37 0.022 <0.015 0.053 0.030 0.029 1.27 2.59 <0.20 Dietz Dietz Dietz 104 cm104 cm 1.11*/2.43 <0.015 Dietz Dietz 101 cm 0.639*/2.66 0.033*/2.95 2.68*/1.28 Dietz 101 cm101 cm101 cm97 cm108 cm 0.069*/2.42 <0.015 0.031*/1.81 0.014*/3.55 1.14*/1.65 Dietz <0.20 0.042*/2.67 <0.005 0.023 1.50*/1.51 Dietz Dietz <0.20 0.36 Dietz Dietz KidneyMuscleSpleen 5 5 3 Muscle 25 Muscle 25 Muscle 25 Muscle 26 Muscle 25 MuscleBone 8 8 MuscleBone 5-6 10-16 MuscleBone 8 10 MuscleBone 12 16 MuscleBone 8 14 MuscleBone 10 20 MuscleBone 9 16 KidneyMuscleSpleen 2 2 1 MuscleSpleenBile 1 1 1 Kidney 1 KidneyMuscleBile 2 Gonades 2 1 1 KidneyMuscle 1 1 Bone 5 KidneyMuscleSpleen 3 Bile 3 Gonads 3 1 2 ------1993 Liver 10-16 1992 Liver 9 1991 Liver 16 1990 Liver 18 1989 Liver 20 Halten Banken, Norway 76.10N 8.52E 1994 Liver 25 Faeroe Island 60N 9.55W 1994 Liver 25 Iceland 66.00N 11.90W 1994 Liver 25 Denmark Strait, Greenland 61.43N 31.70W 1994 Liver 26 Ivittuut, Greenland 61.25N 48.25W 1983 Liver 8 Kangaatsiaq, Greenland 68.3N 53.5W 1978 Muscle 18 Nanortalik, Greenland 60N 45W 1985 Liver 2 Ammassalik, Greenland 65.50N 37.62W 1985 Liver 2 Nanortalik, Greenland 60N 45W 1985 Liver 1 Ivittuut, Greenland 61.25N 48.25W 1983 Liver 5 ) ) ) ) sp.) Sebastes marinus Sebastes Anarhichas minor Anarhichas lupus Anarhichas denticulatus ( Golden redfish Nuuk, Greenland 64.16N 51.75W 1985 Liver 5 ( Redfish Kap Farvel, Greenland 59.50N 41.75W 1994 Liver 25 ( Spottet wolffish Uummannaq, Greenland 71.50N 52.50W 1988 Liver 16 ( Atlantic wolffish Nuuk, Greenland 64.16N 51.75W 1986 Liver 1 Species Location Latitude Longitude Year Tissue n Sex Size/age Lead Cadmium Mercury Selenium Reference Northern wolffish( Nuuk, Greenland 64.16N 51.75W 1985 Liver 3 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ------––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Chapter 7 · Heavy Metals 493 . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1992 (1) . 1992 (1) . 1992 (1) . 1992 (1) . 1992 (1) et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al 0.15 Muir 0.15 Muir 0.56 Muir 0.05 0.25 Muir 0.18 Boivin 1990, unpublished (1) 16.8 cm18.9 cm16.8 cm18.1 cm 0.478*/3.12 0.139*/1.86 0.011*/1.83 0.266*/1.98 0.029*/1.53 0.024*/3.12 0.058*/1.66 0.012*/3.28 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz 24.2-26.5 cm25.5-28 cm24.2-26.4 cm24.2-27.3 cm22.7 cm 1.44*/2.08 0.085*/1.85 0.011*/2.57 0.379*/1.76 0.037*/3.43 0.040*/2.13 0.081*/2.30 0.125 0.024*/3.81 0.64 0.48 2.69 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz 12.0 cm12.0 cm 0.956*/1.30 0.063*/1.49 0.006*/2.28 0.013*/1.18 Dietz Dietz 35.0 cm35.0 cm35.0 cm35.0 cm 0.193*/2.46 0.014*/2.50 <0.015 0.039 0.007*/4.17 0.008*/4.77 1.10*/1.48 0.022*/7.85 0.93*/2.10 0.007*/4.66 Dietz Dietz <0.20 1.59*/1.05 Dietz Dietz 26.8 cm26.8 cm26.8 cm 1.13*/2.34 0.008*/1.39 0.019*/1.98 0.040*/2.04 Dietz Dietz Dietz 22.2-27.6 cm23.2-28.0 cm22.2-27.9 cm 0.011*/1.79 0.0537*/1.23 0.0611*/1.45 0.548*/2.21 <0.015 <0.015 Dietz Dietz Dietz 25.6 cm26.5 cm26.8 cm 0.341*/4.85 <0.015 <0.015 Dietz Dietz Dietz 28.2 cm27.6 cm26.4 cm 0.654*/2.04 <0.015 <0.015 Dietz Dietz Dietz 29.1 cm26.7 cm28.5 cm 0.523*/2.54 <0.015 0.009*/1.55 Dietz Dietz Dietz 30.5 cm31.1 cm30.5 cm 0.331*/2.14 <0.015 0.009*/1.76 Dietz Dietz Dietz 25.4 cm27.4 cm25.4 cm 0.350*/2.63 <0.015 0.008*/1.45 Dietz Dietz Dietz 28.2 cm28.2 cm28.2 cm34.6 cm 2.34*/1.48 0.127*/2.17 <0.015 <0.015 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz 6.6 cm6.5 cm 0.893*/9.65 0.035*/2.25 0.052*/3.55 0.096*/1.70 2.09*/2.14 0.65*/1.27 Dietz Dietz 26.7 cm26.7 cm 1.73*/1.66 0.045*/3.92 0.024*/1.86 0.065*/1.60 0.75*/1.26 <0.20 Dietz Dietz 7.0 cm7.0 cm 0.553*/1.48 0.040*/1.31 0.040*/1.25 0.078*/1.41 2.05*/1.18 0.83*/1.17 Dietz Dietz 7.2 cm7.0 cm 0.608*/2.77 0.064*/1.70 0.034*/2.27 0.074*/1.71 2.02*/1.02 0.76*/1.21 Dietz Dietz 7.8-7.8 cm <0.015 0.052*/1.09 0.41*/1.57 Dietz 7.8 cm 0.037*/9.53 0.023*/1.04 1.10*/1.81 Dietz 19.8 cm19.8 cm 0.118*/1.28 <0.015 Dietz Dietz 20.0 cm 1.04*/1.65 Dietz 22.3 cm22.3 cm 1.66 <0.015 0.020 0.006 1.06 0.37 Dietz Dietz 23.6 cm23.6 cm23.0 cm 1.96*/1.35 <0.015 0.175 0.021*/1.16 <0.005 1.47*/1.15 0.073 Dietz <0.20 3.08 Dietz Dietz 46.0-46.4 cm43.0-46.4 cm 0.027 0.136 <0.005 0.010 <0.20 0.94 Dietz Dietz KidneyMuscleSpleen 8 14 12 KidneyMuscle 5-27 Spleen 1-31 Bile 1-4 1 Muscle 3 KidneyMuscleSpleen 2 2 1-2 KidneyMuscle 18 18 MuscleBone 8-15 9-23 MuscleBone 13 16 MuscleBone 8 14 MuscleBone 8 12 MuscleBone 10 20 MuscleBone 9 20 KidneyMuscleBile 10 10 1 Muscle 3 Muscle 1 0.25 0.05 Muir Kidney 1 Muscle 24 Muscle 3 Muscle 1 Muscle 3 Muscle 2-3 Muscle 6 Kidney 6 Muscle 1 MuscleSpleen 3 1 Gonades 1 Bile 1 1987 Liver 3 1993 Liver 9-23 1992 Liver 15 1991 Liver 14 1990 Liver 14 1989 Liver 20 Kong Oscars Fjord, Greenland 72.15N 24W 1985 Liver 14 Nanortalik, Greenland 60N 45W 1985 Liver 1-30 Nuuk, Greenland 64.16N 51.75W 1986 Liver 2 Maniitsoq, Greenland 65.42N 52.90W 1987 Liver 18 Uummannaq, Greenland 71.5N 52.5W 1988 Liver 20 Upernavik, Greenland 74N 57W 1985 Liver 10 Ammassalik, Greenland 65.50N 37.62W 1985 Liver 2 Avanersuaq, GreenlandAvanersuaq, 77.5N 70W 1987 Liver 24 Ittoqqortoormiit, Greenland 70N 22W 1985 Liver 3 Kong Oscars Fjord, Greenland 72.15N 24W 1985 Liver 2 Ammassalik, Greenland 65.50N 37.62W 1985 Liver 1 Nanortalik, Greenland 60N 45W 1985 Liver 3 ) ) ) Canada Resolute Bay, 74.68N 94.83W 1984 Liver 1 ) Myoxocephalus Myoxycephalus Icelus bicornis Gymnocanthus tricuspis Fourhorn Sculpin Barrow Strait, Canada 73.50N 95.00W 1984 Liver 1 ( quadricornis quadricornis Shorthorn sculpin( Kuujjuaq, Canada 58.0N 63.5W 1989 Muscle 22 ( Twohorn sculpinTwohorn Nanortalik, Greenland 60N 45W 1985 Liver 2 ( Arctic staghorn sculpin Upernavik, Greenland 74N 57W 1985 Liver 5 494 AMAP Assessment Report . 1996 (1) . 1996 (1) . 1996 (1) . 1996 (1) . 1996 (1) . 1996 (1) . 1996 (2) . 1996 (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1992 (1) . 1992 (1) . 1992 (1) . 1992 (1) et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al Dietz Dietz 1.03±0.04 Muir ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Metals, µg/g wet weight (unless otherwise indicated by footnote in Reference column) 17.5 cm 1.51 Dietz 15.2 cm15.2 cm 0.077 <0.015 Dietz Dietz 16.0 cm16.3 cm 0.024 0.027*/1.62 Dietz Dietz 15.4 cm15.9 cm 0.144*/5.60 <0.015 Dietz Dietz 15.2 cm15.2 cm 0.231*/1.33 0.012*/2.39 Dietz Dietz 15.6 cm 0.182*/1.02 Dietz 12.7 cm12.7 cm 0.294±1.96 0.022±2.54 Dietz Dietz 12.2 cm12.4 cm 0.474±1.49 <0.015 0.027 Dietz Dietz 23.0-33.0 cm23.0-33.0 <0.040 0.355 0.054 unpubl. (1) OSPARCOM/MRII, unpubl. (1) OSPARCOM/MRII, 12.9 cm 0.270±2.39 Dietz 13.9 cm 0.020±1.50 Dietz 19.0-30.8 cm 0.044 unpubl. (1) OSPARCOM/MRII, 19.0-30.8 cm <0.107 0.332 unpubl. (1) OSPARCOM/MRII, 10.4 cm10.4 cm 0.762 0.019 0.007 0.012 1.23 0.31 Dietz Dietz 19-30 cm 0.031±0.043 0.0015±0.0003 0.01±0.00 Maage 19-30 cm 0.062±0.044 0.485±0.239 1.70±0.66 Maage 16.0 cm12.0 cm <0.015 0.032*/7.91 0.014*/1.71 <0.005 0.36*/1.46 <0.20 Dietz Dietz 24-28 cm 0.010±0.006 0.0018±0.0005 0.01±0.00 Maage 24-28 cm 0.016±0.004 0.099±0.021 1.18±0.15 Maage 7.8 cm 0.021*/2.47 0.006*/2.01 0.35*/1.36 Dietz 27-36 cm 0.014±0.003 0.0035±0.0004 0.02±0.01 Maage 27-36 cm 0.015±0.007 0.062±0.022 1.70±0.66 Maage 7.8 cm 0.165*/1.37 0.006*/2.29 0.83*/1.66 Dietz 30-36 cm30-36 cm 0.018 0.004 0.260 0.002 0.02 1.19 Stange Stange 9.0 cm 0.339 Dietz 6.0 cm <0.015 0.024 0.52 Dietz 26.9-27.1 cm23.7-27.2 cm23.7-27.3 cm23.7-29.6 cm <0.005 0.623*/2.44 0.095*/2.75 0.081*/3.19 0.008*/1.51 0.087*/1.23 0.066*/1 0.066 0.144*/1.17 0.72*/1.88 2.08 0.57 Dietz 1.91 Dietz Dietz Dietz 22.9 cm 0.347*/1.98 1.38*/1.60 Dietz 22.9 cm22.9 cm 0.039*/2.15 <0.015 5.15*/2.38 Dietz 0.30*/2.87 Dietz 9.2-10.3 cm9.2 cm 1.07 0.029*/4.44 0.021*/1.23 0.033*/1.27 1.53*/1.39 1.01*/1.05 Dietz Dietz 6 yrs 0.307±0.234 Thomas 1988 (1) 18.6 cm18.6 cm18.6 cm <0.14 <0.032 <0.12 Dietz 6 yrs 0.356±0.385 Thomas 1988 (1) Kidney 2 6 yrs Muscle 2 6 yrs <0.05 0.03±0.01 0.49±0.04 Muir Gonads 2 6 yrs 0.05±0.03 0.03±0.01 0.6±0.23 Muir Muscle 1 Muscle 2 Muscle 1 KidneyMuscle 3 3 Muscle 3 Muscle 1 Muscle 13 Muscle 2 Muscle 15 Muscle 1 Muscle 25 Muscle 2 Muscle 25 Muscle 3 Muscle 25 Muscle 25 Muscle 1 0.017 <0.005 0.029 0.26 Carlberg and Bøler 1985 KidneyMuscle 1-25 Spleen 1-25 1-2 Muscle 3 Kidney 3 Muscle 3 MuscleBone 10 10 ------1992 Liver 3 26.4-28.4 cm <0.015m0.560 unpubl. (1) OSPARCOM/MRII, 1991 Liver 13 1986-1987 Muscle 30 73.04N 48.1E 1993 Liver 25 69.33N 134.13W 1986-1987 Muscle 17 Denmark Strait, Greenland 69.5N 21.5W 1985 Liver 1 Ammassalik, Greenland 65.50N 37.62W 1985 Liver 1 Ittoqqortoormiit, Greenland 70N 22W 1985 Liver 1 Kong Oscars Fjord, Greenland 72.15N 24W 1985 Liver 3 Denmark Strait, Greenland 69.5N 21.5W 1985 Liver 3 Ittoqqortoormiit, Greenland 70N 22W 1985 Liver 2-1 Ammassalik, Greenland 65.50N 37.62W 1985 Liver 1 Kong Oscars Fjord 72.15N 24W 1985 Liver 1 Barents Sea 74.22N 41.02E 1992 Liver 25 Svalbard, Norway 79N 13E 1984 Liver 1 0.030 0.078 Carlberg and Bøler 1985 Svalbard, Norway 76.39N 14.52E 1993 Liver 25 Iceland 66N 11.90W 1994 Liver 25 Ittoqqortoormiit, Greenland 70N 22W 1985 Muscle 1 Ammassalik, Greenland 65.50N 37.62W 1985 Liver 2-25 Ittoqqortoormiit, Greenland 70N 22W 1985 Liver 1-3 Tuktoyaktuk/Mason Bay, Canada Bay, Tuktoyaktuk/Mason ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Platichthys stellatus Liparis tunicatus Liparis koefoedi Limanda limanda Careproctus reinhardti Triglops pingeli Triglops Hippoglossoides Flounder Canada harbor, Tuktoyaktuk 69.43N 132.93W 1984 Liver 2 6 yrs 0.5 0.03±0.04 1.61±0.35 Muir ( ( Greenland seasnail Nanortalik, Greenland 60N 45W 1985 Liver 2 ( ( Gelatinous snailfish Kong Oscars Fjord, Greenland 72.15N 24W 1985 Liver 3 Common dab Iceland 1990 Liver 15 ( ( Sea tadpole Nanortalik, Greenland 60N 45W 1985 Liver 3 Ribbed sculpin Ittoqqortoormiit, Greenland 70N 22W 1985 Liver 1 ( platessoides Long rough dab Nanortalik, Greenland 60N 45W 1985 Liver 3 Species Location Latitude Longitude Year Tissue n Sex Size/age Lead Cadmium Mercury Selenium Reference Shorthorn sculpin 1991 Liver 10 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ------––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Chapter 7 · Heavy Metals 495 . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al <0.002 Dietz ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Metals, µg/g wet weight (unless otherwise indicated by footnote in Reference column) 40.8 cm40.8 cm40.8 cm38.6-40.8 cm 0.891*/1.34 0.038*/4.88 0.178 <0.015 0.014*/1.37 0.016*/1.30 1.07*/1.39 0.028*/1.89 0.025*/2.34 0.77*/1.29 Dietz Dietz 1.66*/1.61 0.32*/3.45 Dietz Dietz 35.8 cm35.8 cm35.8 cm 0.423 0.047 <0.015 0.017 0.016 0.039 0.82 0.66 0.24 Dietz Dietz Dietz 47.0 cm47.0 cm47.0 cm47.0 cm47.0 cm 0.133 0.132 <0.015 0.298 0.166 0.040 0.035 0.059 0.062 <0.005 1.94 1.22 <0.20 2.19 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz 37.0 cm37.0 cm37.0 cm37.0 cm 0.327 0.027 <0.015 0.081 0.018 0.017 0.018 0.023 1.18 0.90 0.28 1.14 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz 60.7 cm60.7 cm60.7 cm 0.747*/1.39 <0.015 <0.015 Dietz Dietz Dietz 71.4-72.5 cm71.4 cm71.4 cm71.4-75.7 cm71.4-91 cm 1.94*/1.63 0.114*/1.87 <0.015 0.023*/4.03 0.032*/1.49 2.83*/1.41 0.033*/1.32 Dietz 0.84*/1.18 <0.005 Dietz <0.20 0.021 <0.20 Dietz 0.78 Dietz Dietz 52.3 cm <0.005 <0.015 Dietz 67.0 cm <0.015 Dietz 64.1-64.3 cm 0.0503 <0.015 Dietz 54.5 cm <0.01 <0.015 Dietz 50.2 cm <0.01 <0.015 Dietz 50.3 cm <0.01 <0.015 <0.015 Dietz 1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 8.26*/2.09 33.8*/1.63 0.614*/2.94 2.70*/1.64 0.780*/1.32 0.311*/1.31 9.37*/1.42 18.3*/1.17 2.76*/1.44 Dietz Dietz Dietz 51.4 cm <0.015 Dietz 1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 13.1*/1.58 34.8*/1.68 0.74*/2.08 1.79*/1.46 0.804*/1.30 0.316*/1.59 9.62*/1.16 16.9*/1.18 2.68*/1.51 Dietz Dietz Dietz 40.4 cm 0.070 0.780 unpubl. (2) OSPARCOM/MRII, 35.6 cm <0.020 0.980 unpubl. (2) OSPARCOM/MRII, KidneyMuscleSpleen 3 3 1-3 KidneyMuscle 1 1 KidneyMuscleSpleen 1 Bile 1 1 1 KidneyMuscleSpleen 1 1 1 MuscleBone 15 15 KidneyMuscleBile 5 Gonades 5 1 3 KidneyMuscle 5 5 KidneyMuscle 4 4 Muscle 4Muscle 59.9-35.8 cm 3 33.2-50.0 cm 0.087*/1.70 0.020*/1.23 unpubl. (2) OSPARCOM/MRII, unpubl. (2) OSPARCOM/MRII, Muscle 3 26.4-28.4 cm 0.043 unpubl. (1) OSPARCOM/MRII, MuscleKidney 10 10 Adult 1+ yrs 2.59*/3.37 37.5*/1.39 0.141*/2.40 RRCS Ltd. 1977 (2) Braune (2) pers. comm. ------1994 Muscle 10 1993 Bone 1 1993 Muscle 11-12 1991 Muscle 10 1989 Muscle 10 1994 Liver 1 68.2N 14.8E 199368.2N68.2N Liver 14.8E 14.8E 1994 4 1993 Liver Liver 1 59.9-3.58 cm 3 0.047*/1.51 0.298*/1.33 33.2-50.0 cm 0.033*/1.18 0.103*/1.16 unpubl. (2) OSPARCOM/MRII, unpubl. (2) OSPARCOM/MRII, Paamiut, Greenland 62.00N 49.78W 1983 Muscle 5 Ammassalik, Greenland 65.50N 37.62W 1985 Liver 3 Ittoqqortoormiit, Greenland 70N 22W 1985 Liver 1 Kong Oscars Fjord, Greenland 72.15N 24W 1985 Liver 1 Nanortalik, Greenland 60N 45W 1985 Liver 1 Ivittuut, Greenland 61.25N 48.25W 1983 Liver 15 Nuuk, Greenland 64.16N 51.75W 1985 Liver 4-5 Upernavik, Greenland 74N 57W 1985 Liver 5 Saltfjorden, Nordland, Norway 67.25N 14.17E 1994 Muscle 1 0.050 0.010 0.030 unpubl. (2) OSPARCOM/MRII, Lofoten area/Lille Molla, Norway Lofoten area/ Lille Molla Norway Lofoten area/ Lille Molla Norway Prince Leopold Island, Canada 74.02N GreenlandAvanersuaq, 90.05W 1993 77.50N 70W Liver 10 1984 Liver 4 1+ yrs <0.02 11.8 2.44 10.3 Braune (2) pers. comm. ) ) ) Norway Muscle 1 51 cm 0.012 unpubl. (2) OSPARCOM/MRII, ) 1990 Muscle 18 Reinhardtius Fulmarus glacialis Pleuronectes platessa Microstomus kitt hippoglossoides ( Greenland halibut Uummannaq, Greenland 71.5N 52.5W 1988 Muscle 9 European plaice Species Location Latitude Longitude Year Tissue n Sex Size/age Lead Cadmium Mercury Selenium Reference Northern fulmar( Lancaster Sound, Canada 74N 85W 1977 Liver 10 Adult 20.9*/1.99 1.27*/2.44 RRCS Ltd. 1977 (2) ( Lemon sole( Orkdalsfjorden/Trossavika, 63.58N 10.00E 1988 Liver 1 51 cm 0.122 0.176 unpubl. (2) OSPARCOM/MRII, ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 1. weight, Arithmetic mean. Wet 2. weight., Geometric mean. Wet 3. Dry weight, Arithmetic mean. 4. Dry weight, Geometric mean. ±*/ Standard Deviation. Relative Standard Deviation. 7·A14. Lead, cadmium, mercury and selenium in Arctic seabirds. Table ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ------––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 496 AMAP Assessment Report . 1992 (1) et al . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al 0.05 Noble and Elliott 1986 (2) 3.8±1.5 Thompson 1755 2.1 3.0 Norheim 1987 (1) Norheim 1987 (1) ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Metals, µg/g wet weight (unless otherwise indicated by footnote in Reference column) 0 yr0 yr0 yr0 yr1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 0.406 1.38 0.017 <0.010 4540 58.1 1123 2.80*/2.00 11.0*/2.74 0.156*/5.38 <0.010 0.338 0.136 0.035 21.4 10.54 0.66 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz 0 yr0 yr0 yr0 yr1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 0.092*/1.35 0.249*/1.19 0.005*/2.49 <0.010 3.131*/1.53 13.7*/1.49 0.135*/2.06 0.012*/2.23 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz 1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 3.45*/1.34 16.8*/1.54 0.271*/1.81 0.021*/3.27 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz 0 yr0 yr0 yr0 yr 0.661*/1.19 1.84*/1.45 0.135*/1.63 0.013*/2.23 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz 1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 3.96 13.7 0.066 0.388 0.194 3.40 3.26 1.07 Dietz Dietz Dietz Adult 0.208 0.176 0.235 1.22 CWS Database 1992 (1) Immature 0.41 0.02 0.05 0.78 CWS Database 1992 (1) AdultAdult 0.29 0.05 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.1 0.32 1.06 CWS Database 1992 (1) CWS Database 1992 (1) Adult 0.063 0.172 0.264 0.846 CWS Database 1992 (1) Adult 0.083 0.081 0.048 0.578 CWS Database 1992 (1) Immature 0.1 0.03 0.11 0.4 CWS Database 1992 (1) Adult 0.1 0.11 0.09 0.7 CWS Database 1992 (1) 1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 1.11 6380 0.167 10.6 28.1 2.16 2.54 9.26 0.75 Dietz Dietz Dietz AdultAdultAdultAdult 4.15±5.16 0.25±0.21 32.16±30.48 89.92±123.49 102.8±41.1 29.27±19.62 8.66±4.57 97.79±135.23 5.65±0.81 3.74±4.16 3.03±2.77 0.59±0.22 19.75±1.74 10.25±3.76 13.84±11.70 9.95±3.00 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) Adult 0.10±0.01 43.10±14.62 1.81±1.44 10.27±1.39 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) 1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 6.74Adult 27.8Adult 0.483 0.08 1.36 0.07±0.01 0.475 0.184 5.10±5.25 10.47 4.80 14.5 2.60 0.23±0.06 Dietz 2.52 Dietz Dietz 2.63±0.61 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) 9.91 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) 1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 8.12*/1.60 28.3*/1.64 1.14*/3.37 1.49*/2.54 0.494*/2.01 0.176*/1.75 7.66*/1.19 12.5*/1.30 1.80*/1.38 Dietz Dietz Dietz KidneyMuscleBone 1 Liver 1 KidneyMuscle 1 Liver 1 1 Kidney 1 Muscle 1-9 Bone 1-9 1-9 9 KidneyMuscleBone 2 Liver 2 KidneyMuscle 2 Bone 19 19 19 19 KidneyMuscleBone 12 12 12 KidneyMuscleBone 3 3 3 KidneyMuscle 1 1 Muscle 5 Muscle 2 Muscle 3 KidneyMuscle 1 1 LiverMuscleMuscle 2 3 2 Liver 1 KidneyMuscle 1 1 Muscle 4 KidneyMuscle 1 1 0.210 <0.050 0.070 <0.050 0.020 0.060 Rosgidromet 1995 (1) Rosgidromet 1995 (1) KidneyMuscle 7 7 ------1985 Liver 1 1984 Liver 2 1983 Liver 12 19801984 Kidney Kidney 10 2 0.775*/4.95 0.8*/1.0 Carlberg and Bøler 1985 (2) Uummannaq, Greenland 71.5N 52.50W 1982 Liver 3 Tinker Harbour, Canada Harbour, Tinker GreenlandAvanersuaq, 77.5N 70W 1984 1970 Liver Muscle 1 1 Kangiqsualujjuaq, Canada 58.42N 65.57W 1991 Muscle 6 Inukjuak, Canada 66.98N 86.78W 1991 Muscle 3 Sanikiluaq, Canada 56.53N 79.23W 1988 Muscle 5 Salluit, Canada 62.5N 76W 1991 Muscle 3 Ny Ålesund, Svalbard, Norway 79N 12E 1991 Liver 3 West Svalbard, NorwayWest Svalbard, Norway 78N 13EBear Island, Svalbard, Norway 77N 74.33N 1980 16E 18.77E Liver 1991 1984 Liver 10 Liver 4 2 <0.5 0.283*/1.63 0.073*/71.00 2.12*/1.30 Carlberg and Bøler 1985 (2) Iceland 65.30NKara Sea, Russia 24.30W 1986-1991 Feather 25 1995 Liver 1 0.360 0.080 0.060 Rosgidromet 1995 (1) Ittoqqortoormiit, Greenland 70N 22W 1986 Liver 1 ) ) Somateria molissima Phalococorax carbo ( ( Common eider Pangnirtung, Canada 66.15N 65.72W 1990 Muscle 5 Great cormorant Kangaatsiaq, Greenland 68.3N 53.5W 1986 Liver 1 Species Location Latitude Longitude Year Tissue n Sex Size/age Lead Cadmium Mercury Selenium Reference Northern fulmar Uummannaq, Greenland 71.5N 52.50W 1985 Liver 7 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ------––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Chapter 7 · Heavy Metals 497 . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al 4.314 1.0 8.9 Norheim 1987 (1) Norheim 1987 (1) 1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 4.01*/1.02 8.73*/1.08 0.030*/1.35 1.32*/1.36 0.463*/1.36 0.232*/2.16 3.69*/3.00 4.75*/1.70 0.89*/1.50 Dietz Dietz Dietz 1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 3.36*/2.00 10.9*/2.45 0.093*/4.51 0.422*/1.79 0.259*/1.48 0.113*/1.44 4.66*/1.78 7.36*/1.37 0.53*/3.20 Dietz Dietz Dietz 1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 0.481*/1.70 0.313*/1.34 0.101*/1.38 Dietz Dietz Dietz 0 yr0 yr0 yr0 yr1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 2.86 5.78 0.022 <0.010 8.82*/1.81 26.7*/1.85 0.679*/1.68 12.4*/1.65 5.46*/1.42 0.56*/2.77 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz 1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 5.15*/1.33 17.3*/1.34 0.227*/2.80 0.023*/4.13 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz 1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 3.49*/1.62 19.3*/1.64 0.545*/2.24 0.026*/2.43 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz 0 yr0 yr0 yr0 yr 0.343*/1.50 0.704*/1.53 0.183*/2.45 0.013*/2.89 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz 1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 2.65*/1.83 11.1*/1.92 0.084*/3.33 0.784*/1.96 0.302*/1.51 0.166*/1.64 6.09*/1.53 5.06*/1.52 0.63*/2.81 Dietz Dietz Dietz AdultAdultAdultAdult 0.51±0.26 0.56±0.46 1.53±1.44 2.78±3.69 15.94±7.26 16.48±4.54 0.33±0.31 1.86±0.29 0.53±0.26 1.23±0.66 0.43±0.06 9.56±0.95 0.38±0.27 10.86±3.32 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) 4.09±0.83 2.25±0.08 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) AdultAdult 1 0.3 0.51 0.15 0.15 1.9 1.1 CWS Database 1992 (1) CWS Database 1992 (1) Adult 0.048 0.202 0.24 0.911 CWS Database 1992 (1) ImmatureAdult 0.048 0.26 0.088 0.091 0.163 0.250 0.638 0.587 CWS Database 1992 (1) CWS Database 1992 (1) 1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 2.50*/2.20 8.82*/2.15 0.047*/4.70 0.697*/1.85 0.233*/1.38 0.114*/1.30 5.42*/2.76 5.60*/1.64 0.94*/2.67 Dietz Dietz Dietz 1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 0.038*/2.05 0.073*/1.71 <0.018 10.6*/1.83 0.066*/3.39 2.64*/1.66 0.027*/1.74 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz 0 yr0 yr0 yr0 yr1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 0.069*/1.121+ yrs 0.108*/1.08 <0.125 0.054*/1.76 0.764*/9.77 0.063*/1.65 0.013*/4.85 <0.013 12.6*/1.59 0.042*/1.09 <0.010 0.141*/2.35 3.38*/1.42 0.032*/1.65 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz 1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 3.66*/1.53 15.4*/1.58 0.076*/4.26 0.052*/1.35 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz KidneyMuscle 2 2 KidneyMuscle 12 13 KidneyMuscle 6 6 KidneyMuscleBone 1 Liver 1 KidneyMuscle 1 6 6 6 KidneyMuscleBone 3 3 3 KidneyMuscleBone 15 15 15 KidneyMuscleBone 7 7 7 KidneyMuscle 11 11 Kidney 2Liver 2 <0.5 1.18*/2.50 Carlberg and Bøler 1985 (2) LiverMuscleMuscleMuscle 2 2 2 2 Adult 0.08±0.00 0.85±0.46 0.39±0.11 4.66±0.76 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) Muscle 5 Adult 2.24±0.71 0.08±0.03 0.04±0.00 1.32±0.34 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) Muscle 1 Muscle 1 KidneyMuscle 7 8 KidneyMuscleBone 19 10 19 KidneyMuscleBone 3 Liver 4 KidneyMuscle 4 Bone 15 15 15 15 KidneyMuscleBone 20 10 20 1985 Liver 1 1984 Liver 3 1983 Liver 15 1980 Kidney 9 1991 Liver 19 1988 Liver 4 1987 Liver 20 Cape Russkiy Zavorot, Russia 68N 54.5E 1994 Muscle 1 0.190 0.010 <0.010 Rosgidromet 1995 (1) Nanortalik, Greenland 60N 45W 1986 Liver 2 Kangaatsiaq, Greenland 68.3N 53.5W 1986 Liver 13 Uummannaq, Greenland 71.5N 52.5W 1986 Liver 6 West Svalbard, NorwayWest Svalbard, Norway 78N 13E 77N 1980 16E Liver 1984 9 Liver 2 <0.5 0.45*/8.31 0.061*/1.77 2.27*/1.10 Carlberg and Bøler 1985 (2) Svalbard, NorwayNy Ålesund, Svalbard, Norway 79N 12E 1991 Liver 2 1994 Liver 8 Adult 0.38±0.16 44.85±3.55 2.56±1.20 <0.108*/4.57 16.39±3.11 3.13*/1.56 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) 0.368*/1.22 5.10*/1.37 unpubl. (2) NPRI, Norway, Franz Josef Land, Russia 80.32N 52.87E 1991 Liver 5 Adult 0.24±0.04 0.30±0.07 0.08±0.00 5.14±0.28 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) Salluit, Canada 62.5N 76W 1991 Muscle 1 Inukjuak, Canada 66.98N 86.78W 1991 Muscle 1 Uummannaq, Greenland 71.5N 52.5W 1982 Liver 7 Nanortalik, Greenland 60N 45W 1986 Liver 11 Kangaatsiaq, Greenland 68.3N 53.5W 1986 Liver 8 ) Somateria spectabilis King eider Holman Island, Canada 70.65N 117.73W 1989 Muscle 1 ( 498 AMAP Assessment Report 4 (3) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Metals, µg/g wet weight (unless otherwise indicated by footnote in Reference column) 0 yr 0.016*/1.16 0.056*/1.20 Dietz 0 yr0 yr0 yr0 yr1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 0.074*/1.81 0.149*/1.51 0.018*/2.84 <0.010 4.52*/1.73 31.4*/1.66 0.485*/1.69 0.040*/1.66 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz 0 yr0 yr0 yr0 yr1 yr1 yr1 yr1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 0.138*/2.74 0.540*/2.23 <0.004 0.019*/4.59 0.048 0.114 <0.015 5.32*/2.45 40.9*/1.72 0.246*/1.64 0.065*/3.54 1.05 Dietz 1.57 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz 0 yr 0.172*/1.77 Dietz 0 yr0 yr0 yr1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 0.387*/1.46 0.007*/1.72 0.023*/2.55 5.46*/11.3 15.3*/16.6 0.109*/7.77 0.072*/11.6 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Adult 0.10±0.02 1.99±0.06 1.37±0.85 5.24±1.61 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) AdultAdultAdult 0.07±0.00 0.07±0.01 0.10±0.02 2.37±0.26 0.21±0.13 1.63±1.99 0.85±0.59 0.18±0.11 0.46±0.15 4.13±0.73 1.27±0.55 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) 2.67±1.77 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) 1+ yrs1+ yrs 4210 0.025 0.637 0.154 4.54 <0.20 Dietz Dietz 1+ yrs 0.935 1.41 3.14 Dietz 1+ yrs1+ yrs 9320 0.060 0.651 0.207 2.75 <0.20 Dietz Dietz 1+ yrs 1410 1.38 1.24 Dietz 1+ yrs1+ yrs 11.2*/1.45 0.157*/2.64 0.310*/1.21 0.108*/1.29 5.07*/1.76 0.65*/2.98 Dietz Dietz 1+ yrsAdult 0.061 4.28*/1.98 0.098 0.624*/1.30 2.73*/1.83 1232 Dietz 0.649 CWS Database 1992 (1) AdultImmature 0.053 0.302 0.098 0.557 0.488 0.406 0.480 CWS Database 1992 (1) CWS Database 1992 (1) Adult 0.093 0.006 0.032 0.046 CWS Database 1992 (1) Immature 0.095 0.098 0.160 0.488 CWS Database 1992 (1) Adult 0.053 0.116 0.083 0.571 CWS Database 1992 (1) Im./Adult 0.2 0.04 0.16 0.2 CWS Database 1992 (1) Adult 0.054 0.105 0.237 0.815 CWS Database 1992 (1) KidneyMuscleBone 4 Liver 4 KidneyMuscle 4 Bone 10 10 6 10 KidneyMuscleBone 9 Liver 9 KidneyMuscle 9 Liver 1 1 Kidney 1 MuscleBone 4 5 5 5 KidneyMuscleBone 10 Liver 10 KidneyMuscle 10 Bone 3 3 3 3 Liver 2 MuscleMuscleMuscle 2 2 2 Muscle 1 Adult 0.08±0.02 0.10±0.12 0.44±0.56 0.390 2.62±2.02 0.050 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) 0.020 Rosgidromet 1995 (1) Muscle 1 0.180 0.550 0.060 Rosgidromet 1995 (1) KidneyMuscle 1 1 KidneyMuscle 1 1 KidneyMuscle 5 5 Muscle 1 Muscle 1 ------1988 Liver 4 1987 Liver 4 1985 Liver 9 1995 Liver 1 0.540 0.140 0.050 Rosgidromet 1995 (1) East Taimyr, RussiaEast Taimyr, Peninsula, RussiaYamal 1994 1994 Muscle Muscle 1 3 0.250 0.238*/1.29 0.033*/1.18 0.030 0.008*/1.49 <0.010 Rosgidromet 1995 (1) Rosgidromet 1995 (1) East-Siberian Sea 1995 Liver 2 0.800 0.225 0.105 Rosgidromet 1995 (1) Big Trout Lake, CanadaBig Trout 1988 Muscle 3 Nanortalik, Greenland 60N 45W 1986 Liver 1 Lac Waswanipi, CanadaLac Waswanipi, 1989 Muscle 10 Kangaatsiaq, Greenland 68.3N 53.5W 1986 Liver 5 ) ) Inukjuak, Canada 66.98N 86.78W 1991 Muscle 4 ) ) Norway Liver 2 ) Inukjuak, Canada 66.98N 86.78W 1991 Muscle 4 sp. East-Siberian Sea 1995 Liver 1 0.300 0.700 0.100 Rosgidromet 1995 (1) Larus glaucoides Larus argentatus Stercorarius pomarinus Mergus serrator Clangula hyemalis ( Iceland gull Uummannaq, Greenland 71.5N 52.5W 1983 Liver 10 ( Herring gull Hornøya Island, Svalbard, 70.37N 31.17E 1991 Liver 2 Adult 0.12±0.07 0.09±0.06 0.14±0.00 3.66±0.52 Savinova and Gabrielsen 199 ( Stercorarius Pomarine skua Uummannaq, Greenland 71.5N 52.5W 1985 Liver 1 Red-breasted merganser Kangiqsualujjuaq, Canada 58.42N 65.57W 1991 Muscle 1 ( ( Species Location Latitude Longitude Year Tissue n Sex Size/age Lead Cadmium Mercury Selenium Reference King eiderLong-tailed duck Kangiqsualujjuaq, Canada Laptev Sea, Russia 58.42N 65.57W 1991 Muscle 5 1995 Muscle 2 0.170 <0.050 0.040 Rosgidromet 1995 (1) ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ------––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Chapter 7 · Heavy Metals 499 . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al 12 0.042*/4.01 0.013*/1.92 0.726*/2.13 2.74*/2.21 2.77*/1.25 1.91*/1.41 1.90*/1.26 2.44*/1.45 Riget Riget 1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 5.13*/2.47 39.9*/1.92 0.202*/3.30 1.32*/2.00 1.37*/1.74 0.39*/1.95 2.85*/1.30 6.75*/1.26 0.52*/2.93 Riget Riget Riget 12Adult1+ yrs <0.009*/2.63 <0.009*/4.86 0.010 0.145*/3.34 9.05*/1.93 0.461*/2.12 4.23 0.171*/2.12 0.053*/1.88 1.05*/1.33 1.33*/1.36 Riget Riget 0.875 1.44 Riget Riget 1+ yrs1+ yrs <0.018 0.030*/3.81 43.4*/2.28 8.13*/1.72 Riget Riget 0 yr0 yr0 yr0 yr1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 0.256*/2.48 0.342*/1.55 0.007*/1.40 <0.010 3.05*/11.5 16.3*/17.7 0.102*/18.0 0.033*/3.85 Riget Riget Riget Riget Riget Riget Riget Riget 1 yr1 yr1 yr 0.242*/1.26 0.198*/1.29 0.042*/1.48 1.24*/1.04 2.04*/1.24 <0.20 Riget Riget Riget 0 yr0 yr0 yr0 yr1 yr1 yr1 yr1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 0.331 1.29 <0.004 <0.010 0.125*/1.28 0.346*/1.09 <0.015 9.36 80.1 0.451 <0.010 Riget Riget Riget Riget Riget Riget Riget Riget Riget Riget Riget 1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 0.202*/2.66 0.397*/1.64 0.009*/1.34 0.013*/2.45 Riget Riget Riget Riget 1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 6.96*/1.17 47.8*/1.19 0.247*/1.39 2.23*/2.02 1.82*/2.47 0.422*/2.24 2.87*/1.47 4.40*/1.33 0.53*/1.24 Riget Riget Riget 1 <0.009*/3.232 0.011*/3.56Adult 0.290*/1.45 0.301*/1.42 0.542*/1.48 <0.009*/4.21 0.462*/1.05 2.75*/1.56 8.38*/2.39 3.31*/1.56 Riget Riget 1.76*/1.92 4.99*/2.32 Riget 1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 22.7*/1.66 76.8*/1.68 0.486*/1.97 3.20*/1.32 2.33*/1.39 1.05*/1.30 4.69*/1.32 7.04*/1.30 2.14*/1.29 Dietz Dietz Dietz 12Adult 0.011 0.014*/4.15 0.021*/1.94 2.61*/2.63 0.541*/1.29 0.354 0.456*/2.52 0.424*/1.64 2.37*/1.68 1.39*/1.33 0.315 Dietz Dietz 1.56 Dietz Im./Adult 0.054 0.105 0.207 0.324 CWS Database 1992 (1) 1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 1.52*/1.55 12.0*/1.48 0.069*/1.68 0.680*/1.57 0.613*/1.57 0.148*/1.68 2.02*/1.44 4.60*/1.49 0.53*/1.25 Dietz Dietz Dietz 1 <0.009/3.12 0.278*/2.04 0.238*/1.25 0.77*/1.12 Dietz 1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs <0.018 0.035*/1.45 <0.018 57.5*/2.11 10.1*/2.14 0.459*/2.58 0.075*/1.92 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz 0 yr0 yr0 yr1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 0.040*/1.461+ yrs 0.014 0.036*/3.30 0.166*/5.63 0.185*/1.58 0.018*/1.46 1.536*/4.14 10.2*/5.76 0.008*/3.66 0.086*/7.28 <0.010 0.029*/7.08 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz 1 2 6 2 5 11 11 KidneyMuscle 5 5 Bone 9 Kidney 9 KidneyMuscleBone 2 Liver 2 KidneyMuscle 2 Bone 4 4 4 4 KidneyMuscle 4 4 KidneyMuscleBone 1 Liver 1 KidneyMuscle 1 Liver 4 3 Kidney 4 MuscleBone 1 1 1 1 KidneyMuscleBone 4 4 4 KidneyMuscle 4 4 KidneyMuscle 4 4 Kidney 10 1+ yrs 20.8/*1.52 KidneyMuscle 9 10 KidneyMuscleBone 10 10 11 MuscleBoneLiver 4 KidneyMuscle 4 Bone 8 8 8 8 Kidney 4 1994 Liver 2 1991 Liver 9 1988 Liver 2 1985 Liver 4 1985 Liver 1 1994 Liver 17 1993 Kidney 2 1+ yrs 31.8/*1.86 Braune (2) 1994 Liver 1 1991 Liver 11 Nanortalik, Greenland 60N 45W 1986 Liver 5 Qeqertarssuaq, Greenland 1994 Liver 7 Uummannaq, Greenland 71.5N 52.5W 1983 Liver 4 Upernavik, Greenland 74N 57W 1985 Liver 4 Aktapok Island, Canada GreenlandAvanersuaq, 60.25N 68.08W 77.5N 1983 70W Liver 1984 5 Liver 4 1+ yrs 20.03 5.23 2.83 5.87 Braune (2) Nanortalik, Greenland 60N 45W 1986 Liver 10 Qeqertarssuaq, Greenland 1994 Liver 6 ) Coats Island, Canada 62.30N 83.00W 1992 Liver 2 1+ yrs <0.02 2.65 2.10 2.85 Braune (2) Larus hyperboreus Glaucous Gull Inukjuak, Canada 66.98N 86.78W 1991 Muscle 3 ( 500 AMAP Assessment Report . 1992 (1) et al . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al 5.5±1.7 Thompson 3.623 1.6 2.2 Norheim 1987 (1) Norheim 1987 (1) ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Metals, µg/g wet weight (unless otherwise indicated by footnote in Reference column) 1+ yrs1+ yrsAdultAdultAdultAdult 85.37±120.60 1.41±1.16 0.22±0.16 51.72±13.91 7.91 27.69±34.66 0.425 45.54±23.96 1.53±0.35 1.40±1.07 2.29±1.40 2.23±0.19 0.864 0.288 16.26±1.86 0.33±0.00 0.49±0.12 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) 14.32±5.55 5.89±0.81 5.98±1.61 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) 6.92 2.56 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) Dietz Dietz AdultAdult 0.10±0.01 0.09±0.00 21.26±3.72 37.69±18.83 0.73±0.42 0.92±0.02 23.54±10.47 20.75±12.57 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) AdultAdult 0.08±0.00 0.09±0.03 1.00±0.66 1.15±0.25 0.21±0.09 0.20±0.03 5.74±2.14 6.20±0.15 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) Adult 0.09±0.00 13.83±6.80 0.60±0.13 12.44±7.06 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) AdultAdultAdult 0.09±0.01 0.09±0.03 0.08±0.00 18.55±5.95 1.18±1.18 1.78±0.98 0.56±0.00 0.21±0.08 0.18±0.05 16.23±3.15 3.77±0.21 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) 3.97±0.45 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) AdultAdultAdult 0.08 0.73 10.52 20.25 16.78 0.02 0.72 0.66 0.05 9.40 7.77 0.72 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) 1 yr1 yr1 yr1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 0.405 1.34 <0.015 5.58*/1.94 21.4*/2.82 0.095*/3.36 0.082 0.150*/1.22 0.197*/1.20 0.053 0.018 0.037*/1.36 3.53*/1.72 6.65*/1.71 0.97*/1.48 1.13 Dietz Dietz 2.55 <0.20 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz 1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 6.91*/1.64 57.1*/1.21 0.776*/1.41 0.900*/1.29 0.641*/1.31 0.214*/1.26 16.4*/1.30 17.4*/1.29 4.95*/1.11 Dietz Dietz Dietz 1+ yrs1+ yrs 9.71*/1.39 0.497*/1.49 1.04*/1.20 0.282*/1.12 12.2*/1.35 3.86*/1.19 Dietz Dietz 4Adult 0.034*/2.33 0.118*/1.33AdultAdult 1.59*/2.19Adult 2.26*/5.29Adult 0.21±0.25 0.25 2.40*/1.40 3.39*/2.16 0.12±0.08 0.18 11.50±9.98 3.35*/2.52 3.98*/2.74 0.82±0.71 Riget 6.61 1.07±0.74 Riget 0.16 0.73±0.69 4.98±2.41 2.92 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) 2.82±2.26 0.75 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) 6.82 1.62 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) Adult 1.58±1.55 7.12±6.59 1.47±0.77 5.17±0.78 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) AdultAdultAdult 0.12±0.05 1.12±1.15 3.32±5.07 5.35±1.39 0.30±0.04 0.54±0.09 0.73±0.19 0.39±0.21 0.23±0.07 5.30±0.74 1.38±0.19 1.43±0.13 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) 1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 2.34*/1.128 13.2*/1.04 0.158*/1.50 3.40*/1.12 2.06*/1.04 0.72*/1.17 13.2*/1.24 27.0*/2.02 3.24*/1.31 Riget Riget Riget 3 <0.009 5.70 1.37 2.86 Riget Adult 0.019*/2.72 12.2*/1.44 1.68*/1.35 3.05*/1.88 Riget 1 3 20 Muscle 1 LiverMuscleMuscle 3 2 3 Muscle 3 Muscle 2 Liver 2 MuscleMuscle 2 2 Liver 1 LiverMuscleMuscle 1 3 1 Adult 4.37±6.55 0.22±0.27 0.05±0.03 1.12±0.64 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) KidneyMuscleLiver 1 Kidney 1 Muscle 6 6 6 KidneyMuscle 4 4 Muscle 4 MuscleBoneLiver 5MuscleBone 5 5 5Kidney 5 10 Young Young Adult Adult Adult 1+ yrs 27.5*/1.84 18.0*/1.33 0.583*/1.77 0.032*/1.34 14.5*/1.32 1.62*/1.68 36.9/*1.86 0.394*/1.47 0.206*/2.34 RRCS Ltd. 1977 (2) RRCS Ltd. 1977 (2) RRCS Ltd. 1977 (2) RRCS Ltd. 1977 (2) RRCS Ltd. 1977 (2) Braune (2) LiverLiverMuscleMuscle 3 Muscle 1 1 3 1 Adult 0.07 0.08 0.28 1.50 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) Liver 3 MuscleMuscle 2 3 Muscle 1 0.300 <0.050 0.050 Rosgidromet 1995 (1) KidneyMuscle 2 2 ------1984 Kidney 2 <0.5 31.*/1.2 19801984 Kidney Kidney 11 2 <0.50 12.9*/1.7 Carlberg and Bøler 1985 (2) 1994 Liver 2 Norway Liver 2 Ny Ålesund, Svalbard, Norway 79N 12E 1991 Liver 2 IcelandSvalbard, NorwayHornøya Island, Svalbard, 77N 70.37N 65.50N 16E 31.17E 24.50W 1984 1991 1986-1991 Feather Liver Liver 36 2 3 <0.5 5.4*/1.1 0.06*/1.39 3.9*/1.5 Carlberg and Bøler 1985 (2) Bear Island, Svalbard, Norway 74.33N 18.77E 1991 Liver 2 Franz Josef Land, Russia 80.32N 52.87E 1991 Liver 3 Adult 1.75±1.43 4.16±3.66 0.35±0.21 4.83±1.53 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) Nanortalik, Greenland 60N 45W 1986 Liver 1 Uummannaq, Greenland 71.5N 52.5W 1985 Liver 1 Upernavik, Greenland 74N 57W 1985 Liver 4 Prince Leopold Island, Canada 74.02N GreenlandAvanersuaq, 90.05W 1993 77.5N Liver 70W 10 1984 Liver 4 1+ yrs <0.04 7.76 0.98 11.6 Braune (2) Ny Ålesund, Svalbard, Norway 79N 12E 1991 Liver 1 Adult 0.21 4.85 1.25 5.29 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) West Svalbard, NorwayWest Svalbard, Norway 78N 13E 77NBear Island, Svalbard, Norway 1980 74.33N 16E 18.77E Liver 1984 1991 11 Liver Liver 2 2 <0.50 2.1*/1.0 0.21*/1.0 2.2*/1.2 Carlberg and Bøler 1985 (2) Taimyr Peninsula, RussiaTaimyr 1995 Liver 1 <0.050 <0.050 0.080 Rosgidromet 1995 (1) Ittoqqortormiit, Greenland 70N 22W 1986 Liver 2 ) Rissa tridactyla Kittiwake( Lancaster Sound, Canada 74N 85W 1977 Liver 5 Young 0.767*/1.26 0.071*/1.16 RRCS Ltd. 1977 (2) Species Location Latitude Longitude Year Tissue n Sex Size/age Lead Cadmium Mercury Selenium Reference Glaucous Gull ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ------––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Chapter 7 · Heavy Metals 501 . 1992 (1) . 1992 (1) . 1992 (1) . 1992 (1) . 1992 (1) . 1985 (1) . 1985 (1) et al et al et al et al et al et al et al . 1974 (1) . 1974 (1) . 1974 (1) . 1974 (1) . 1974 (1) . 1974 (1) . 1974 (1) . 1974 (1) . 1974 (1) . 1974 (1) . 1974 (1) . 1974 (1) . 1974 (1) . 1974 (1) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al RRCS Ltd. 1977 (1) 2.1±0.7 Thompson 1.2±0.3 Thompson 1.6±0.6 Thompson 3.1±1.2 Thompson 4.2±1.3 Thompson 3.916 0.6 1.9 Norheim 1987 (1) Norheim 1987 (1) Adult 0.20±0.19 16.80±7.46 1.76±0.40 6.47±1.87 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) 1+ yrs1+ yrs 8.75*/1.29 32.1*/1.25 0.946*/1.26 0.513*/1.26 2.54*/1.40 9.01*/1.55 Dietz Dietz Adult 0.740 Somer Adult 0.611 Somer Adult 0.294 Somer Adult 1.48 Somer Adult 1.13 Somer 1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 3.76*/1.13 17.3*/1.42 0.088*/2.97 0.333*/1.38 0.071*/3.66 0.100*/1.12 2.79*/1.92 9.62*/1.29 1.39*/1.25 Dietz Dietz Dietz 1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 6.82*/1.46 32.1*/1.74 0.328*/2.40 0.647*/1.24 0.447*/1.28 0.179*/1.41 1.75*/1.18 3.57*/1.26 0.58*/1.46 Dietz Dietz Dietz Adult 1.03 Somer Adult 0.899 Somer Adult 0.455 Somer 1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 6.36*/1.45 28.6*/1.17 0.395*/1.57 0.892*/1.10 0.435*/1.29 0.230*/1.13 2.04*/1.11 3.90*/1.24 0.80*/1.39 Dietz Dietz Dietz Adult 1023 Somer AdultAdult 0.058 0.070 0.547 0.405 0.442 0.294 0.976 0.995 CWS Database 1992 (1) Braune (2) Adult 0.969 Somer 1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 3133 2510 0.022 0.520 0.485 0.114 1.62 1.24 <0.20 Dietz Dietz Dietz 1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 6.27*/1.52 32.4*/1.48 0.699*/1.35 0.460*/1.15 0.414*/1.30 0.132*/1.12 5.91*/1.38 6.45*/1.60 1.50*/1.19 Dietz Dietz Dietz 1+ yrs1+ yrs 8.90*/1.29 0.194*/1.86 1.19*/1.66 0.225*/2.04 5.93*/1.48 1.72*/1.15 Dietz Dietz Adult 2.03 1.41 0.17 2.80 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) Kidney 5 KidneyMuscle 2 2 KidneyMuscle 7-8 8 KidneyMuscle 4 3-4 MuscleBone 2 2 Young Young 22.8 0.309 0.042 RRCS Ltd. 1977 (1) LiverMuscleBone 8 8KidneyMuscle 8 4Kidney 4 Muscle 5Kidney 5 Adult AdultKidney 10 Adult 1+ yrs 10 1+ yrs 7.46*/2.16 1+ yrs 1+ yrs 23.3*/1.398 1.55*/2.33 15.8/*1.53 0.610*/1.640 0.291*/1.53 56.5/*1.76 36.9/*1.42 42.6/*1.29 RRCS Ltd. 1977 (1) RRCS Ltd. 1977 (1) RRCS Ltd. 1977 (1) Braune (2) Braune (2) Braune (2) Braune (2) KidneyMuscle 1 1 KidneyMuscle 4 4 Muscle 4 KidneyBrainMuscle 29 24 1 38.6*/1.36 1.11*/1.34 0.900 0.500*/1.32 0.286*/1.30 1.96*/2.71 0.173 0.916*/2.19 unpubl. (2) NPRI, Norway, unpubl. (2) NPRI, Norway, 1300 unpubl. (2) NPRI, Norway, Muscle 1 19801984 Kidney Kidney 9 4 0.6*/5.3 21.9*/2.1 Carlberg and Bøler 1985 (2) 19291986 Feather Liver 1 6 19581973 Feather Feather 1 1 Adult 0.610 Somer 1925 Feather 1 1949 Feather 1 1977 Feather 5 Adult 0.866±0.356 Applequist 1939 Feather 2 Ny Ålesund, Svalbard, Norway 79N 12E 1991 Liver 3 West Svalbard, NorwayWest Svalbard, Norway 78N 13E 77N 1980 16E Liver 1984 9 Liver 4 <0.5 2.9*/1.4 0.15*/2.4 1.8*/1.6 Carlberg and Bøler 1985 (2) Iceland 65.30N 24.30W 1986-1991 Feather 38 Ittoqqortoomiit, Greenland 70.13N 22.00W 1925 Feather 1 East Greenland 1891 Feather 1 Adult 0.439 Somer Nuuk, GreenlandAgpanguit (S. of Nuuk), Greenl. 64N 51W 64.16N 1893 51.75W 1897 Feather Feather 1 1 Adult 0.635 Somer Maniitsoq, Greenland 65.42N 52.90W 1917 Feather 1 Adult 0.609 Somer Qeqertarsuup Tunua, GreenlandQeqertarsuup Tunua, 69N 57W 1915 Feather 1 Qeqertarsuaq, GreenlandKangaatsiaq, Greenland 77.15N 70.18W 68.3N 1860 53.5W Feather 1986 2 Liver 2 Upernavik, Greenland 74N 57W 1985 Liver 8 Avanersuaq, GreenlandAvanersuaq, 77.5N 70W 1984 Liver 4 Ivujivik, CanadaPrince Leopold Island, Canada 74.02N 90.05W 62.24N 1993Smith Sound, Canada 77.55W 1991 Liver Liver 10 5 1+ yrs 1940 1+ yrs Feather <0.03 1 0.09 6.80 11.7 1.05 1.05 1.76 1.76 Braune (2) Braune (2) Salluit, Canada 62.14NCoats Island, Canada 75.38WGreenland 1991 62.50N Liver 82.00W 1993 4 Liver 10 1+ yrs 1974 0.03 1+ yrs Feather 8 <0.03 4.38 6.77 Adult 0.85 0.69 1.64 1.45 Braune (2) Braune (2) 1.07±0.453 Applequist Uummannaq, Greenland 71.5N 52.5W 1985 Liver 1 Upernavik, Greenland 74N 57W 1985 Liver 4 Isfjorden, Svalbard, Norway 78.20N 15E 1993 Liver 23 12.0*/1.57 0.841*/1.50 unpubl. (2) NPRI, Norway, Belkovskiy Island, Russia 76N 136E 1994 Muscle 1 0.070 0.060 <0.010 Rosgidromet 1995 (1) Northeast Norway 70N 31E 1986-1991 Feather 60 Northwest Norway 69.35N 16E 1986-1991 Feather 34 ) ) ) Northeast Norway 70N 31W 1986-1991 Feather 45 Uria lomvia Uria aalge Pagophila eburna Brünnichs guillemot( Lancaster Sound, Canada 74N 85W 1977 Liver 2 Young 1.20 0.055 RRCS Ltd. 1977 (1) ( Common guillemot Iceland 65.30N 24.30W 1986-1991 Feather 45 ( Ivory gull Greenland Avanersuaq, 77.5N 70W 1984 Liver 4 502 AMAP Assessment Report . 1992 (1) . 1992 (1) . 1984 (1) . 1985 (1) . 1985 (1) et al et al et al et al et al . 1974 (1) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al 0.292.02±0.182 Noble and Elliott 1986 (2) Appelquist 2.7±0.6 Thompson 1.7±0.6 Thompson ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Metals, µg/g wet weight (unless otherwise indicated by footnote in Reference column) 1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 0.023*/1.14 0.026*/1.13 0.022*/1.39 4.15*/1.61 24.7*/1.61 0.138*/2.03 0.086*/1.46 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Adult 0.878 Somer 1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 3.93*/1.44 22.2*/1.46 0.135*/1.73 0.085*/1.28 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz 0 yr0 yr0 yr1 yr1 yr1 yr1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 0.099*/2.15 0.351*/1.40 0.007*/3.11 0.183*/4.03 0.570*/7.10 <0.015 1.55*/5.18 0.125*/1.37 8.64*/6.75 0.073*/2.31 0.093*/7.84 <0.010 0.337*/3.07 4.88*/1.39 1.03*/1.51 0.229*/2.55 0.032*/1.84 0.336*/1.62 0.075*/2.67 1.94*/1.27 0.112*/1.36 Dietz 1.44*/1.35 Dietz 2.58*/1.39 <0.20 0.25*/1.78 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz 0 yr0 yr0 yr0 yr 0.410 1.62 0.518 0.078 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz 1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 4.80*/1.39 31.9*/1.48 0.384*/1.21 0.566*/1.61 0.391*/2.38 0.235*/1.62 4.07*/1.51 5.83*/1.27 0.78*/1.31 Dietz Dietz Dietz 1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 3.32*/1.61 20.4*/1.52 0.220*/1.82 0.738*/1.17 0.464*/1.12 0.217*/1.18 2.73*/1.41 4.02*/1.11 0.91*/1.74 Dietz Dietz Dietz Adult 0.096 0.360 0.320 1.02 CWS Database 1992 (1) AdultAdultAdult 0.09±0.00 0.55±0.70 0.20±0.19 12.06±3.64 1.36±0.32 1.05±0.08 1.38±0.47 0.65±0.04 0.52±0.10 4.02±0.35 3.54±0.90 3.10±0.87 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) AdultAdult 0.09±0.02 0.10±0.04 5.08±1.97 6.89±2.02 0.83±0.20 0.94±0.16 8.29±2.41 6.38±0.49 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) AdultAdult 0.12±0.05 0.09±0.00 0.64±0.44 3.79±4.86 0.30±0.06 0.28±0.15 4.05±1.12Adult 3.01±0.50 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) 0.078 0.268 0.288 0.912 CWS Database 1992 (1) Adult 0.07±0.00 6.51±2.56 0.33±0.12 4.27±0.57 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) Adult 0.08±0.00 0.61±0.22 0.15±0.08 1.74±0.28 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) KidneyMuscleBone 20 10 20 KidneyMuscleBone 20 20 20 KidneyMuscleLiver 14 Kidney 17 MuscleLiver 4 4 Kidney 4 MuscleBone 5 5 Liver 5 MuscleBone 10 3 3 2 KidneyMuscleBone 1 1 1 KidneyMuscle 5 5 KidneyMuscle 3 4 KidneyKidney 5 10 1+ yrs 1+ yrs 31.9*/1.31 20.5*/1.41 Braune (2) pers. comm. Braune (2) pers. comm. Liver 2 MuscleMuscle 3 2 Muscle 3 Muscle 2 MuscleBoneLiver 5MuscleBone 5 5 5 5 Young Young Adult Adult Adult 17.0*/1.21 20.6*/1.38 0.548*/1.62 0.123*/1.48 14.5*/1.37 0.569*/2.03 0.267*/1.14 0.752*/1.35 RRCS Ltd. 1977 (2) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) Muscle 5 Muscle 1 0.150 <0.050 0.050 Rosgidromet 1995 (1) ------1991 Liver 20 1987 Liver 20 1985 Liver 17 19741975 Feather Feather 4 1 Adult Adult 1.33±0.036 2.21 Applequist Applequist Norway Liver 2 Qeqertarssuaq, Greenland 77.15N 70.18W 1860 Feather 1 Uummannaq, Greenland 71.5N 52.5W 1982 Liver 1 Upernavik, Greenland 74N 57W 1985 Liver 5 Grady Harbour, CanadaGrady Harbour, Prince Leopold Island, Canada 74.02N 90.05W 1993 GreenlandAvanersuaq, Liver 77.5N 5 1970 70W Muscle 1984 1 1+ yrs Liver 4 <0.02 7.38 1.15 Braune (2) pers. comm. Green Island, CanadaGreenland 62.24N 78.03W 1993 Liver 10 1+ yrs Feathers 0.02 5 4.62 1.13 2.72 Braune (2) pers. comm. Hornøya Island, Svalbard, 70.37N 31.17E 1991 Liver 3 Inukjuaq, Canada 66.98N 86.78W 1991 Muscle 5 Bear Island, Svalbard, Norway 74.33N 18.77E 1991 Liver 5 Kangiqsualujjuaq, Canada 58.42N 65.57W 1991 Muscle 5 Hopen, Svalbard, NorwayBelkovskiy Island, RussiaLaptev Sea, Russia 76N 136E 1994 1993 Muscle Liver 4 1995 32 Liver 1 0.336*/1.18 <0.067*/2.45 0.370*/2.17 3.12*/1.48 <0.010 0.300 0.183*/1.59 0.965*/1.85 0.180 Unpubl. (2) NPRI, Norway. Rosgidromet 1995 (1) 0.060 Rosgidromet 1995 (1) ) ) Northeast Norway 70N 31E 1986-1991 Feather 30 Alca torda Cepphus grylle Species Location Latitude Longitude Year Tissue n Sex Size/age Lead Cadmium Mercury Selenium Reference Brünnichs guillemot ( Razorbill Iceland 65.50N 24.50W 1986-91 Feather 37 Black guillemot( Lancaster Sound, Canada 74N 85W 1977 Liver 5 Young 0.812*/1.24 0.212*/1.50 RRCS Ltd. 1977 (2) (4) ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ------––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Chapter 7 · Heavy Metals 503 . 1992 (1) . 1992 (1) . 1992 (1) et al et al et al . 1974 (1) . 1974 (1) . 1974 (1) . 1974 (1) . 1974 (1) . 1974 (1) . 1974 (1) . 1974 (1) . 1974 (1) . 1974 (1) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al 1.0±0.5 Thompson 3.7±1.8 Thompson 4.8±0.6 Thompson 4.321 0.5 2.6 Norheim 1987 (1) Norheim 1987 (1) –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Adult 0.50±0.60 9.07±4.05 0.91±0.21 13.17±3.07 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) AdultAdultAdult 0.30±0.39 0.32±0.21 0.23±0.17 10.24±3.41 0.62±0.21 0.88±0.53 1.26±0.33 0.34±0.12 0.44±0.21 11.03±4.10 9.71±1.54 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) 9.98±2.78 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) AdultAdult 0.10±0.02 0.12 2.83±1.00 1.68 1.20±0.40 8.96±1.86 1.30 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) 10.06 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) AdultAdult 0.08±0.00 0.07 0.32±0.09 0.18 0.29±0.16 5.37±1.72 0.39 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) 5.14 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) 1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 5.77*/1.49 34.3*/1.23 0.366*/1.35 0.552*/1.51 0.314*/1.61 0.135*/1.82 6.55*/1.48 12.1*/1.35 2.60*/1.68 Dietz Dietz Dietz Adult 0.11±0.01 6.64±0.99 0.24±0.02 4.86±0.90 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) AdultAdult 1.88±3.37 0.15±0.12 0.65±0.25 1.05±0.34 0.08±0.02 0.13±0.07 2.15±0.40 2.10±0.80 Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) Savinova and Gabrielsen 1994 (3) 1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 0.740 4.25 0.019 0.106 0.075 0.035 1.03 1.26 <0.20 Dietz Dietz Dietz 1+ yrs1+ yrs 3.91*/1.15 0.49*/1.41 0.214*/1.40 0.120*/1.07 4.54*/1.12 1.86*/1.02 Dietz Dietz 1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 3.479*/1.24 19.8*/1.48 0.165*/1.98 0.505*/1.26 0.351*/1.36 0.123*/1.50 2.16*/1.21 4.52*/1.23 0.60*/1.69 Dietz Dietz Dietz 1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrs 1.63*/1.31 13.6*/1.57 0.068*/1.54 0.497*/1.44 0.402*/1.46 0.150*/1.61 1.87*/1.53 4.45*/1.33 0.60*/1.70 Dietz Dietz Dietz Adult 0.961 Somer Adult 1.08 Somer Adult 2.08 Somer 1+ yrs1+ yrs1+ yrsAdultAdult 2.37*/2.08 15.0*/2.37 0.115*/2.85 0.771*/1.91 0.605*/1.77 0.245*/1.86 2.89*/1.62 7.07*/1.35 0.94*/1.74 Dietz Dietz Dietz 1.12 0.899 Somer Somer AdultAdultAdult 0.631 0.800 0.553 Somer Somer Somer AdultAdult 1.13 2.02*/0.182 Somer Somer Liver 3 MuscleMuscle 2 3 Muscle 4 Muscle 1 KidneyMuscle 10 9-11 Muscle 6 Muscle 4 KidneyMuscle 1 1 Muscle 2 MuscleBone 10 10 Adult Adult 20.7*/1.71 0.387*/1.09 0.050*/1.46 RRCS Ltd. 1977 (2) RRCS Ltd. 1977 (2) KidneyMuscle 7 8 Kidney 2 0.25 0.825 KidneyMuscle 9 9 KidneyMuscle 10 11 19841980 Kidney Kidney 2 9 0.65*/3.9 7.5*/1.0 Carlberg and Bøler 1985 (2) 1986 Liver 8 19251926 Feather Feather 2 1 1949 Feather 2 1973 Feather 5 Norway Liver 1 Ny Ålesund, Svalbard, Norway 79N 12E 1991 Liver 2 Hornøya Island, Svalbard, 70.37N 31.17E 1991 Liver 4 Northeast Norway 70N 31E 1986-1991 Feather 31 West Svalbard, NorwayWest 78N 13E 1980 Liver 9 Svalbard, NorwayFranz Josef Land, Russia 77N 16E 1984 Liver 1991 1-2 Liver 2 <0.5 0.7*/1.0 0.035*/1.23 1.5 Carlberg and Bøler 1985 (2) Ittoqqortormiit, Greenland 70N 22W 1986 Liver 10 Uummannaq, Greenland 71.50N 52.50W 1985 Liver 1 Avanersuaq, GreenlandAvanersuaq, 77.5N 70W 1984 Liver 2 Svalbard, Norway 77N 16E 1984 Liver 2 0.25 0.283 0.084 2.04 Carlberg and Bøler 1985 (2) Ittoqqortoormiit, Greenland 70.13N 22.00W 1928 Feather 1 Ivittuut, Greenland 61.25N 48.25W 1955 Feather 1 Nanortalik, Greenland 60N 45W 1986 Liver 9 Sisimiut, GreenlandManiitsoq, GreenlandNuuk, GreenlandArsuk Fjord, Greenland 66.92N 65.42N 53.50W 52.90W 64.16N 61.25N 1901 1925 51.75W 48.50W 1896 Feather Feather 1955 1 Feather 1 Feather 1 2 Kangaatsiaq, Greenland 68.3N 53.5W 1986 Liver 11 ) Northwest Norway 69.35N 16E 1986-1991 Feather 46 ) Fratercula arctica Alle alle ( Atlantic puffin Iceland 65.50N 24.50W 1986-1991 Feather 37 Little auk( Lancaster Sound, Canada 74N 85W 1977 Liver 10 Adult 2.20*/1.26 0.078*/1.70 RRCS Ltd. 1977 (2) 1. expressed as arithmetic means. Values 2. expressed as geometric means. Values 3. Dry weight, values expressed as arithmetic means. 4. Dry weight ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 504 AMAP Assessment Report . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 et al et al et al et al et al . 1992 . 1992 et al et al 19.3±18.40.44±0.16 16.4±7.83 Smith and Armstrong 1978 Smith and Armstrong 1978 Metals, µg/g ww (unless otherwise indicated; see footnotes) ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 12.9±12.2 yrs12.9±12.2 yrs 4.65±3.78 15.6±13.8 26.5±36.9 3.17±1.91 14.0±16.7 Wagemann Wagemann 8.2 yrs8.2 yrs8.2 yrs 0.016±0.009 0.019±0.014 0.009±0.007 10.1±6.32 50.1±40.2 0.12±0.064 8.63±6.57 1.34±0.69 0.32±0.14 6.23±4.23 2.25±0.30 0.45±0.057 1989 Wagemann Fallis, unpubl., cited in 1989 Wagemann 10.0±8.9 yrs10.0±8.9 yrs 0.052±0.049 0.041±0.043 0.41±0.29 21.1±14.2 0.51±0.14 2.05±1.34 Wagemann Wagemann 10.0±8.9 yrs 0.083±0.118 5.6±3.14 32.6±35.2 15.2±12.9 Wagemann 7.4 yrs7.4 yrs7.4 yrs7.4 yrs7.4 yrs 7.3 25.9 1.02 0.35 0.030 Macdonald 1986 ($) Macdonald 1986 ($) Macdonald 1986 ($) Macdonald 1986 ($) Macdonald 1986 ($) 1 yr2 yrs 0.026 0.030 0.666 2.39 1.52 3.52 Zeisler 1993 (1) Zeisler 1993 (1) 2 yrs 4.89 Zeisler 1993 (1) Kidney 17 LiverMuscleKidneyLiver 6 6 Muscle 11 KidneyLiver 11 11 Muscle 8 KidneyLiver 8 8 Muscle 0-1yrs 7 0-1yrsKidney 2-4 yrsLiver 7 7 Muscle 2-4 yrs 2-4 yrs 1 Kidney 5-10 yrsLiver 0.011*/1.54 1 0.007*/2.12 1 Muscle 5-10 yrs 2 5-10 yrs 0.014*/1.83 10-15 yrs 0.008*/1.90 2 2 8.81*/1.29 0.04*/1.31 10-15 yrs 10-15 yrs 0.010*/2.21 >15 yrs 0.008*/1.91 15.61*/1.43 0.06*/1.94 2.68*/1.63 >15 yrs 0.30*/1.18 >15 yrs 0.01*/1.77 0.006*/1.78 Undeterm. 41.24*/1.44 17.74*/2.31 7.67*/1.97 0.09*/1.63 0.57*/1.42 Undeterm. Undeterm. 1.33*/1.48 0.32*/1.08 0.13*/1.68 0.009*/– 59.07*/1.51 1.24*/1.27 8.76*/2.37 0.005*/– 13.1*/2.18 0.59*/1.32 3.10*/1.71 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.34*/1.16 0.012*/1.98 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 35.83*/1.94 1.64*/1.30 unpubl. 0.60*/1.31 R. Wagemann, 15.3*/2.24 5.66*/1.88 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 13.23*/– 0.32*/1.10 0.16*/– 18.29*/1.31 1.71*/1.43 28.90*/– unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.33*/1.13 5.49*/1.96 52.86*/2.97 10.7*/1.01 14.1*/– unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.45*/– unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.18*/3.29 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 1.53*/– 1.42*/1.95 4.09*/1.28 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.48*/1.62 6.79*/– unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.35*/– unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.29*/1.13 unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, MuscleLiver 7 0.05±0.01MuscleKidneyLiver 4 4 Muscle 0.33±0.06 2 KidneyLiver 2 1 Muscle 3 KidneyLiver 3 3 Muscle 0-1yrs 2 0-1yrsKidney 2-4yrsLiver 2 2 Muscle 2-4yrs 6 2-4yrs 5-10 yrs 5-7 0.026*/4.29 7 Muir 0.008*/5.74 5-10 yrs 0.010*/1.34 5-10 yrs >10-15 yrs 0.007*/1.17 0.001*/– 0.01*/3.97 0.004*/3.07 0.00*/4.93 >10-15 yrs >10-15 yrs 11.54*/1.40 0.004*/2.84 >15 yrs 0.005*/1.32 0.006*/1.29 5.01*/1.01 >15 yrs 19.26*/2.17 0.83*/1.54 >15 yrs 0.11*/1.57 0.007*/1.16 0.006*/1.39 1.42*/1.85 0.01*/– 5.96*/1.68 0.02*/1.67 11.75*/1.19 0.011*/1.22 7.65*/1.84 3.37*/1.96 2.54*/2.94 1.01*/1.19 0.02*/1.13 0.42*/1.38 0.006*/1.82 0.004*/4.02 2.80*/1.21 21.8*/1.92 0.97*/1.44 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 22.79*/1.48 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 3.93*/1.42 22.0*/1.81 1.05*/1.19 0.06*/1.92 6.36*/1.89 10.5*/1.54 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.28*/1.19 3.94*/1.73 unpubl. 11.1*/2.53 R. Wagemann, 0.75*/1.27 0.28*/1.05 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 28.6*/3.52 unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, 2-4*/– unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.30*/1.13 19.5*/2.57 unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, KidneyMuscle 15 15 Muscle 6 <0.04 0.03±0.02 Muir KidneyMuscle 118-133 144 KidneyMuscleBrain 43 Blubber 36 21 9 Muscle 89 MuscleMuscle 27 Muscle 13 80-83 10 yrs 1.3 yrs 12.8 yrs 0.91±0.38 0.23±0.11 0.72±0.33 1.06±0.35 Smith and Armstrong 1975, 1978 Smith and Armstrong 1978 Smith and Armstrong 1978 ------1977 Liver 5 <0.05 5.5±0.8 Fallis, unpubl., cited in 19771981 Liver Liver 112 38 8.1 yrs 25.5±15.0 15.0±6.42 Smith and Armstrong 1978 Resolute Bay 74.68N 94.83W 1993 Kidney 6 0-1yrs 35.31*/1.30 0.89*/1.26 unpubl. R. Wagemann, Nanisivik Mine 73.03N 84.55W 1983 Kidney 9 0-1 yrs 0.007*/9.56 2.69*/7.92 0.74*/1.36 1.63*/1.21 unpubl. R. Wagemann, Eureka 79.60N 89.85W 1994 Kidney 4 0-1yrs 0.018*/1.76 0.10*/5.06 1.67*/1.40 unpubl. R. Wagemann, Eureka 79.60N 89.85W 1994 Liver 18 Northern Baffin Islands 68N 75W 1975 Liver 5 <0.04 4.2±3.3 3.27±0.75 Fallis, unpubl., cited in Arctic BayAdmiralty Inlet 73N 72.90N 85.0W 85W 1974 1983 Liver Liver 17 15 6.7 yrs 8.35 Fallis, unpubl., cited in Western ArcticWestern 1987-1993 Liver 140-142 Point BarrowBarrow Strait 71.30N 156.70W 74.4N 1988 94.17W Kidney 1976 2 Liver 10-27 10 yrs 16.1±13.8 9.44±6.66 Smith and Armstrong 1978 Beaufort SeaHolman Island 70.3N 70.65N 125.0W 117.73W 1972 1972-1973 Liver 80-83 Liver 13 12.8 yrs 1.3 yrs 27.5±30.1 1.0±1.16 15.2±7.82 Smith and Armstrong 1975, 1978 Smith and Armstrong 1978 Somerset Island 73.73N 95W 1975 Liver 12-88 ) Chukchi Sea 1988 Liver 2 Phoca hispida Ringed seal Nome, Alaska 64.50N 165.50W 1989 Liver 2 ( Species Location Latitude Longitude Year Tissue n Sex Size/age Lead Cadmium Mercury Selenium Reference Table 7·A15. Lead, cadmium, mercury and selenium in Arctic marine mammals. Table ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ------Chapter 7 · Heavy Metals 505 LiverMuscleKidneyLiver 9 9 Muscle 1KidneyLiver 1 1Muscle 1KidneyLiver 1 1Muscle 0-1 yrs 1 0-1 yrsKidneyLiver 2-4 yrs 1 1Muscle 1 2-4 yrs 2-4 yrsLiver 5-10 yrs 0.024*/1.71 0.008*/3.00 1 1Muscle 0.010*/– 5-10 yrsKidney 5-10 yrsLiver 10-15 yrs 0.020*/– 2 0.99*/4.77 0.020*/– 2 0.00*/13.5Muscle 0.040*/– 10 10-15 yrsKidney 10-15 yrsLiver 0.070*/– 10 >15 yrs 0.050*/– 10 8.93*/– 0.010*/–Muscle 0.63*/1.99 0.081*/1.73 2 >15 yrsKidney >15 yrs 2.09*/– 0.04*/– 0.060*/– 0.010*/– 42.35*/–Liver 2 2Muscle 0.020*/– 6.05*/– 0.47*/1.15 1 0-1 yrs 0.07*/– 1.11*/1.47 0-1 yrs 0.50*/– 32.01*/– 5-10 yrsLiver 0.030*/– 0.030*/– 1 1Muscle 0.20*/– unpubl. 4.17*/– 2.10*/– R. Wagemann, 0.14*/– unpubl. 5-10 yrs 0.04*/– R. Wagemann, 5-10 yrsKidneyLiver >10-15 yrs 37.64*/– 1.47*/– 2 0.011*/1.20 1.09*/– 1 0.38*/–Muscle 2.90*/– 8 >10-15 yrs 8.73*/–Kidney 42-43 >10-15 yrs 0.18*/– 0.016*/1.58 0.006*/2.181Liver 0.55*/– 3.04*/– 42-43 >15 yrs 3.65*/– 53.4*/– 0.60*/– 8Muscle 0.01*/1.63 0.37*/– 40-42 >15 yrs unpubl. Kidney R. Wagemann, 0.023*/1.32 31-35 >15 yrs 0.005*/2.175 2.13*/– 0.16*/1.29 2.10*/– 0.39*/– 12.68*/1.40Liver unpubl. R. Wagemann, 1.62*/– unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. Muscle 28.9*/– R. Wagemann, 0.32*/1.09 5 0-1 yrs 2.38*/– 0-1 yrs 0.09*/1.17 18.8*/– 0.25*/1.05 8.97*/2.08 56.92*/1.77Liver 4-5 8.32*/2.25 unpubl. 2-4 yrs R. Wagemann, 0.014*/– 0.27*/1.33 unpubl. 2-4 yrs R. Wagemann, unpubl. 0.006*/– 5 R. Wagemann, 0.53*/–Muscle 5-10 yrs 2-4 yrsKidney 32.29*/2.68 – unpubl. R. Wagemann, 2.19*/– 0.28*/1.05 1.27*/1.40 unpubl. Liver R. Wagemann, 6-8 19.1*/– 0.77*/1.46 4.69*/3.44 5-10 yrs 5-10 yrs 0.054*/3.97 9 0.035*/– 5.75*/2.17Muscle 0.45*/1.10 6-7 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.014*/2.01 2.15*/–Kidney 0.04*/– 1.37*/1.48Liver 6-7 >10-15 yrs unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. unpubl. 0.010*/1.91 R. Wagemann, R. Wagemann, 6 13.53*/– 0.50*/1.10 2.29*/1.15 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.86*/1.28 7.37*/2.02 0.92*/1.61Muscle 0.017*/2.32 35 >10-15 yrs 0.017*/2.16 >10-15 yrsKidney 27-33 0.01*/– 0.03*/1.43 unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. Liver unpubl. R. Wagemann, 35 R. Wagemann, 2.24*/1.13 unpubl. unpubl. R. Wagemann, R. Wagemann, 15.1*/– 5.85*/1.28Muscle 0.79*/– 0-1 yrs 0.035*/1.63 0.80*/1.77 6.10*/1.65 5 2.80*/– 0-1 yrs 0.03*/2.31Kidney 0.029*/2.28 2-4 yrs unpubl. R. Wagemann, Liver 0.25*/1.66 4-5 5 18.71*/1.55Muscle 0.19*/– 2-4 yrs 3.86*/2.30 20.03*/1.90 4 2-4 yrs 0.06*/2.74Kidney 1.93*/1.81 20.9*/2.99 6.66*/1.80 0.30*/1.91 5-10 yrs 7.80*/– 0.008*/2.02Liver 0.42*/– 5-10 yrs 0.033*/2.80 4 0.49*/1.21 4 1.22*/1.51 1.94*/– 5-10 yrs 1.63*/1.86 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 1Liver 3.95*/1.71 18.64*/1.33 0.39*/1.54 0.018*/2.38Muscle 46.9*/1.61 11.9*/1.92 unpubl. 10-15 yrs .47*/– R. Wagemann, 0.57*/1.24 0.00*/1.46 unpubl. 0.031*/1.63 R. Wagemann, 1 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.19*/11.8Kidney 10-15 yrs 0.012*/2.10 unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, 10-15 yrsLiver 2.13*/1.64 unpubl. 0.023*/1.92 R. Wagemann, 3 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 3Muscle >15 yrs 0.52*/1.14 0.03*/2.33 4 21.8*/1.50 4.78*/2.20 0.11*/1.96Kidney unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.58*/2.02 >15 yrs 0.02*/2.16 0.013*/2.32Liver >15 yrs 0.035*/2.33 4 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 4 5.15*/1.73Muscle 26.35*/1.83 4-5 Undeterm. unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.51*/1.34Kidney 18.1*/2.54 0.46*/1.38 Undeterm.Liver 6-7 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 1.74*/1.18 0.06*/2.02 0.48*/1.72 6 19.37*/1.80 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 5.71*/1.33Muscle 2.64*/1.57 0.019*/1.46 0.021*/2.04 22.8*/3.01 1 5-10 yrs 5-10 yrs unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. 0.56*/1.51 R. Wagemann, Muscle 0.016*/– 10-15 yrs 9.77*/2.06 1 1 23.18*/1.79 2.08*/1.77Kidney 0.62*/1.58 0.43*/1.35 103*/2.14 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 3.89*/1.55 10-15 yrs 0.05*/1.89 10-15 yrs unpubl. R. Wagemann, 13.0*/2.31 >15 yrs unpubl. R. Wagemann, 1 0.004*/1.25 0.002*/2.19 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 1 3.33*/1.24 >15 yrs 22.99*/1.72 unpubl. 0.42*/1.45 R. Wagemann, 4.69*/– >15 yrs 70.1*/1.71 0.004*/1.62 0.57*/1.41 36.3*/2.10 0.002*/1.65 Undeterm. 9.39*/– 3.37*/1.12 0.02*/1.19 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 2.92*/1.64 Undeterm. unpubl. R. Wagemann, Undeterm. unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.001*/1.86 4.65*/1.57 29.2*/1.61 0.03*/1.51 0.007*/2.39 0.47*/1.36 0.56*/– 7.33*/5.45 0-1 yrs 0.17*/1.84 unpubl. 0.005*/– 2-4 yrs R. Wagemann, 29.5*/– 0.001*/– unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, 15.66*/1.96 0.06*/1.52 7.45*/4.25 5.94*/1.59 0.20*/1.82 6.34*/2.59 0.53*/1.23 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 11.6*/– 0.002*/– 19.68*/1.87 2.29*/1.71 0.43*/1.45 8.23*/– 0.03*/– unpubl. R. Wagemann, 35.3*/1.79 7.69*/2.30 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.56*/1.17 20.67*/– unpubl. 2.16*/3.67 R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.03*/– 0.43*/1.32 20.6*/1.51 52.2*/– 2.01*/– unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, 8.90*/– 0.077*/– unpubl. R. Wagemann, 27.3*/– unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.63*/– 0.47*/– 0.52*/– unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. unpubl. R. Wagemann, R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, 1988 Kidney 0-1 yrs 1.90*/3.64 0.57*/1.99 unpubl. R. Wagemann, Admiralty Inlet 72.50N 86.00W 1983Sachs Harbour Kidney 2 71.98N 125.25W 1987 0-1 yrs Kidney 2 0-1 yrs 0.42*/1.03 0.37*/1.28Holman Island 1.78*/1.29 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 70.65N 5.10*/1.25 117.73W 1993 0.67*/1.04Paulatuk Kidney 3 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 69.35N 124.07W 5-10 yrs 1993 Kidney 1 12.06*/1.41 0-1 yrs 1.19*/1.77 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 6.26*/– 0.41*/– unpubl. R. Wagemann, 506 AMAP Assessment Report . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 et al et al et al . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al Metals, µg/g ww (unless otherwise indicated; see footnotes) ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 0 yr0 yr1 yr1 yr1 yr2-4 yrs2-4 yrs2-4 yrs5-10 yrs5-10 yrs5-10 yrs10-15 yrs10-15 yrs 49.3 0.212 2.84*/5.11 16.9*/4.57 13.5*/6.28 0.035*/3.65 72.9*/2.80 0.621*/2.35 0.206*/2.49 36.7*/1.76 0.561*/2.13 0.152*/2.58 111.*/2.04 1.58*/1.38 0.311*/1.75 0.813*/1.32 1.03*/1.72 14.7*/1.92 0.225*/2.62 2.57*/1.66 103.*/3.62 2.59*/2.23 0.24*/1.42 0.966*/1.79 1.82*/1.75 Dietz 0.241*/5.09 2.92*/1.28 0.33*/1.28 Dietz 2.96*/1.75 Dietz 1.06*/1.52 Dietz 2.38*/2.08 3.21 Dietz 3.32*/1.11 0.39 Dietz 0.30*/1.26 Dietz 1.50 Dietz Dietz 2.56 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz 0 yr 9110 1.61 Dietz 6.1±4.6 yrs6.1±4.6 yrs 0.009±0.013 0.098±0.086 0.39±0.17 47.7±23.3 0.33±0.04 1.49±0.58 Wagemann Wagemann 6.1±4.6 yrs 0.013±0.011 11.9±9.2 8.34±7.03 4.81±3.12 Wagemann 12.9±12.2 yrs 0.032±0.033 0.66±0.42 0.33±0.098 unpubl. M. Kingsley, MuscleLiverKidney 1 12-14 Muscle 11-13 Liver 12-14 Kidney 10-22 Muscle 10-22 Liver 10-22 KidneyMuscle 6-11 6-11 Liver 6-11 Kidney 1-4 1-4 KidneyMuscle 35-61 35 LiverMuscleKidneyLiver 1 1Muscle 7KidneyLiver 6 7Muscle 1Liver 1 1 2-4 yrsLiver 2-4 yrsLiver 5-10 yrs 1 5-10 yrsLiver 5-10 yrs 1 >10-15 yrs 0.002*/– 6 0.001*/–Liver >10-15 yrsMuscle >10-15 yrs 1 0.004*/1.93 0.003*/2.58Liver 3 3 5-10 yrsLiver 0.004*/– 1.39*/– 0.002*/– 0.01*/–Liver 2.82*/1.15 0.02*/1.32 2-4 yrs 3 5-10 yrsLiver 6Liver 0.011*/– 11.05*/1.49 1 4.54*/– 10-15 yrs 0.02*/–Liver 1.27*/– 4.28*/1.44 0.14*/– 0.17*/1.60 15.99*/– 0.011*/– 2 Undeterm.Muscle 0.013*/1.89 Undeterm. 0.71*/1.35 6Liver 0.009*/– 1 13.34*/– 4.10*/1.33Muscle 0.54*/1.22 5.06*/– 5 0.14*/– 2-4 yrsLiver 2.00*/– 0.003*/1.45 0.43*/– 14.38*/2.27 0.55*/– 5-10 yrsMuscle 14 12.32*/– unpubl. R. Wagemann, 14 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 10-15 yrsLiverMuscle 4.04*/– 14.21*/– 5.75*/1.57 6 6.94*/1.49 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 5 unpubl. 2-4 yrs R. Wagemann, 0.007*/1.35 4.50*/– 0.46*/– 5-10 yrsLiver 0.009*/1.69 0.025*/– 6.01*/– 2 2 >15 yrs 2-4 yrs 30.9*/5.75 6.31*/1.24 26.4*/– unpubl. R. Wagemann, 8.63*/1.97Liver 5.26*/– unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.04*/1.94 5-10 yrs unpubl. 10.65*/2.24 0.009*/1.44 R. Wagemann, 1 5-10 yrs 0.008*/2.30 unpubl. R. Wagemann, Kidney 13.99*/– 0.007*/– 5.44*/– 10-15 yrs 22.0*/3.65Liver 10-15 yrs 2.51*/1.19 6.21*/2.97 2 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 1.98*/2.15 0.51*/3.53Muscle unpubl. R. Wagemann, 30 3.79*/3.10 9.12*/– >15 yrs >15 yrs unpubl. R. Wagemann, Muscle 28 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 32 22.3*/– 2.32*/–Muscle 2.84*/1.21 4.86*/2.13 2.49*/1.60 0.47*/1.03 10-15 yrs 5.42*/1.98 16-18 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 3Muscle unpubl. unpubl. R. Wagemann, R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, 5-10 yrs 2.57*/1.06 33 0.011*/– 11.37*/– 4.14*/1.35 19.5*/– unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.018*/1.04 2.04*/– 7.05*/– 17.38*/3.63 5 yrs 0.14*/1.27 5.40*/3.85 0.13*/1.71 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 4.14*/– 10.9*/1.24 6.09*/1.98 0.18*/2.68 9.12*/2.05 0.18*/1.69 6.79*/1.12 3.51*/– 40.16*/2.42 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 14.02*/2.41 0.08*/3.89 unpubl. M. Kingsley, unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.92*/1.74 unpubl. M. Kingsley, unpubl. M. Kingsley, 0.06*/5.54 9.07*/3.52 unpubl. 0.18*/1.86 M. Kingsley, unpubl. M. Kingsley, 2.12*/1.27 0.073*/1.27 unpubl. M. Kingsley, unpubl. M. Kingsley, 9.78*/1.93 unpubl. 0.43*/1.20 M. Kingsley, unpubl. M. Kingsley, 0.60*/1.13 unpubl. M. Kingsley, 0.31±0.17 unpubl. M. Kingsley, Smith and Armstrong 1978 ------1990 Liver 11990 0-1 yrs Liver 0.030*/– 1 18.39*/– 0-1 yrs19901991 1.18*/– Liver Liver 0.010*/– 2.56*/– 2 2 1.58*/– unpubl. R. Wagemann, 5-10 yrs 0.41*/– 5-10 yrs 0.017*/3.11 0.013*/1.57 1.17*/– 3.44*/1.02 4.30*/2.70 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 12.4*/2.23 4.27*/1.75 5.66*/1.00 2.94*/1.64 unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, (Thule) Kidney 1 Avanersuaq, GreenlandAvanersuaq, 77.5N 70W 1984 Liver 1 Pond Inlet 72.78N 77W 1976 Liver 33 5 yrs 3.76±3.42 Smith and Armstrong 1978 InukjuakSalluitShingle Point 58.5N BayWakeham 78W 69N 1989 62.5N 61.63NBelcher Islands 76W Liver 135W 71.97W 1993 1989 1989 1 Kidney Liver Liver 56.25NGeorge River (Kangiqsualujjuaq) 58.82N 3 79.25W 13 1 66.17W 0-1 yrs 1991Umiujaq 1989 Liver Liver 0.006*/– Undeterm.Great Whale (Kuujjuarpik) 0-1 yrs 5-10 yrs 5 2 55.25N 2.26*/– 0.005*/– 0.010*/2.24Eastern Arctic 77.75W 56.56N 1993 76.56W 2.10*/3.14 0.68*/– 2-4 yrs 7.26*/– 5-10 yrs Liver 1994 31.01*/1.73 0.52*/1.54 Heart 2.50*/– 3 2.48*/1.92 0.013*/2.57 11.9*/– 1.27*/1.12 30 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 3.82*/8.42 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 6.77*/– 13.1*/3.01 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 1987-1993 Liver unpubl. R. Wagemann, 115-133 7.73*/2.33 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 2.86*/2.92 3.34*/3.22 0.06*/2.43 unpubl. M. Kingsley, 1.10*/2.47 0.13*/1.77 2.31*/1.22 0.49*/1.61 unpubl. M. Kingsley, unpubl. M. Kingsley, Ringed seal Species Location Latitude Longitude Year Tissue n Sex Size/age Lead Cadmium Mercury Selenium Reference ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ------Chapter 7 · Heavy Metals 507 . 1980 , . 1980 (1) . 1980 (1) . 1980 (1) . 1980 (1) . 1980 (1) . 1980 (1) . 1997b . 1997b . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al 2.40±1.490.23±0.162.10±4.100.18±0.18 Johansen Johansen Johansen Johansen 1 yr1 yr 0.514*/1.51 0.368*/1.37 0.97*/1.23 Dietz Dietz 0 yr0 yr0 yr1 yr1 yr1 yr2-4 yrs2-4 yrs2-4 yrs5-10 yrs5-10 yrs5-10 yrs10-15 yrs10-15 yrs 6.34*/1.7110-15 yrs 37.5*/1.26>15 yrs 0.038*/1.20>15 yrs 6.09*/2.16 27.6*/1.93 6.69*/2.48 0.029*/2.11 32.9*/2.04 0.036*/2.10 5.69*/3.68 35.3*/3.53 0.046*/3.64 1.67 14.2 0.071 4.27*/1.91 33.3*/2.00 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz 0 yr0 yr0 yr0 yr1 yr1 yr1 yr1 yr2-4 yrs2-4 yrs2-4 yrs2-4 yrs5-10 yrs5-10 yrs 4.82*/5.695-10 yrs 18.3*/5.895-10 yrs 0.153*/1.7810-15 yrs 0.132*/8.1110-15 yrs 1.19*/1.02 15.3*/1.6410-15 yrs 1.37*/1.08 73.4*/1.53 0.18*/1.1710-15 yrs 0.200*/2.27>15 yrs 22.3*/1.55 1.89*/1.923>15 yrs 0.95*/1.08 0.868*/1.38 71.7*/1.556>15 yrs 1.73*/1.22 0.616*/1.47 5.56*/1.59 0.295*/3.13 0.182*/1.57>15 yrs Dietz 3.81*/1.82 0.043*/1.60 36.4*/1.69 Dietz 1.04*/1.22 Dietz 109.*/1.68 0.446*/2.81 Dietz 0.47*/1.61 4.97*/2.08 34.8*/1.37 3.46*/2.28 81.1*/1.36 1.10*/1.33 0.215*/1.60 Dietz 0.375*/1.71 8.78*/1.26 0.065*/2.20 2.26*/1.74 1.52*/1.45 Dietz 0.988*/1.19 23.4 Dietz 0.107*/3.11 69.7 Dietz 0.25*/1.55 Dietz 0.215 1.85 8.98 1.79 0.10*/1.00 Dietz 1.46 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz 0.948 Dietz 0.136 Dietz Dietz 0.444 Dietz 1.73 0.61 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz 0 yr1 yr2-4 yrs5-10 yrs>15 yrs 0.044*/4.102 0.019*/2.626 0.014*/4.049 0.019*/2.276 0.032*/1.205 0.611*/4.54 7.31*/3.04 0.452*/5.10 8.21*/2.90 24.8*/1.70 0.562*/2.07 0.533*/1.57 6.16*/1.96 6.05*/1.98 10.2*/1.93 1.00*/1.50 0.93*/1.22 3.23*/1.65 3.77*/1.57 Riget Riget 5.292*/1.45 Riget Riget Riget 10-15 yrs>15 yrs>15 yrs>15 yrs 0.311*/8.47 12.3*/3.41 58.1*/2.61 0.170*/4.08 0.296*/2.06 1.47*/1.81 1.03*/2.08 0.17 0.416*/1.73 1.34*/1.48 1.34 0.14*/1.89 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Kidney 10 KidneyMuscleLiver 4 Kidney 4 MuscleLiver 75 75 Kidney 75 MuscleLiver 79 79 Kidney 79 MuscleLiver 16 16 Kidney 16 MuscleLiver 2 2 Kidney 2 3 3 KidneyMuscleBile 2-6 Liver 2-4 Kidney 10-12 Muscle 10-12 Bile 10-12 4 LiverKidney 10-11 MuscleBile 21 21 Liver 21 KidneyMuscle 10.00 8-10 19 Bile 10.00 LiverKidney 10.00 Muscle 2-4 Bile 2-4 Liver 2-4 KidneyMuscleBile 4 1 1 1 1 KidneyMuscle 25 25 1.9 yrs 1.9 yrs 106 0.11 Macdonald 1986 ($) Macdonald 1986 ($) MuscleKidney 29Kidney 29Muscle 30 30 1.3 yrs 1.3 yrs 2.3 yrs 2.3 yrs 0.04±0.02 0.05 0.07±0.10 37.4±33.7 120 0.09 Macdonald 1986 Macdonald 1986 Macdonald 1986 ($) Macdonald 1986 ($) LiverLiverLiverLiver 4 4 8 2 MuscleMuscle 10 Muscle 7Kidney 31 Muscle 12 12 0.5 yrs 0.5 yrs 0.16 0.15 43.8 0.05 0.09±0.04 Johansen Macdonald 1986 Macdonald 1986 LiverKidneyMuscle 3-4 2-4 3-4 Muscle 2-4 1985 Liver 10 1979 Liver 29 1.3 yrs 0.01 7.32±3.0 Johansen 1980 Liver1978-1987 Liver 30 4 2.3 yrs 20.8 Macdonald 1986 ($) 19741976 Liver1980 Liver 7 Liver1985 31 Liver 12 2-5 0.5 yrs <0.03 17.0 5.86 0.34±0.38 Johansen Macdonald 1986 1994 Liver 7 Uummannaq 71.5N 52.5W 1978 Liver 25 1.9 yrs 13.2 Macdonald 1986 ($) Upernavik 74N 57W 1973 Liver 10 508 AMAP Assessment Report . 1980 (1) . 1980 (1) . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al 0.42 Johansen Metals, µg/g ww (unless otherwise indicated; see footnotes) <0.03 6.6 2.9 Johansen ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 0 yr0 yr1 yr1 yr1 yr2-4 yrs 1.19*/3.70 3.83*/3.21 7.55*/1.67 25.6*/1.81 1.71*/1.48 13.9*/1.93 0.035*/1.33 0.847*/1.66 1.46*/1.40 0.797*/1.43 0.174*/1.49 2.78*/1.82 2.21*/1.11 3.64*/1.10 0.23*/1.47 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz 109 cm109 cm109 cm 0.058*/2.06 <0.040 <0.040 Dietz Dietz Dietz 0 yr0 yr0 yr0 yr1 yr1 yr1 yr5-10 yrs5-10 yrs5-10 yrs5-10 yrs10-15 yrs10-15 yrs10-15 yrs 1.92*/2.2110-15 yrs 9.86*/2.57>15 yrs 0.036*/2.48>15 yrs 0.369>15 yrs 0.504*/1.83 12.4>15 yrs 0.462*/1.46 71.7 0.041*/3.66 10.8*/1.88 0.070 50.95*/1.98 1.11*/1.65 0.073*/1.83 0.28*/1.39 1.26 3.37*/2.14 30.0*/2.55 Dietz 4.65*/1.85 19.3*/1.63 0.955 0.684*/2.23 Dietz 0.060*/1.68 1.24 0.087 1.58*/1.29 23.2*/3.49 14.2*/1.95 4.05*/1.23 3.41*/5.00 0.28*/2.02 0.963*/1.83 0.607 Dietz 20.6*/2.46 Dietz 0.703*/1.58 1.39 0.089*/2.08 Dietz 18.39 1.92*/1.90 0.10 24.9*/5.02 0.25 3.64*/1.54 0.691*/1.60 Dietz 0.367*/1.53 Dietz Dietz 7.58*/7.24 Dietz 0.37*/1.33 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz 1 yr1 yr1 yr2-4 yrs2-4 yrs2-4 yrs5-10 yrs5-10 yrs5-10 yrs10-15 yrs10-15 yrs10-15 yrs>15 yrs>15 yrs 0.660>15 yrs 3.63 5.74 0.020 15.4 0.132 8.58*/1.97 22.1*/2.28 1.06*/1.06 0.063*/2.03 11.2*/1.08 0.477*/2.69 0.109*/4.46 0.590 27.1*/1.48 12.5*/1.96 1.84*/4.83 0.128*/1.38 2.01*/2.16 0.67 0.153*/1.02 0.553*/1.54 1.21 29.3*/1.55 4.79*/2.41 0.10 1.91*/1.37 22.1*/2.34 4.38*/1.66 0.585*/1.14 3.66 0.62 0.197*/3.77 2.04*/1.44 0.23*/1.77 3.91 Dietz Dietz 20.3*/2.94 2.28*/1.16 Dietz Dietz Dietz 2.51*/1.29 0.10*/1.00 Dietz 0.684*/1.53 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz 6.83*/2.20 Dietz 2.17*/1.29 0.18*/1.83 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz 0 yr1 yr2-4 yrs 0.010 0.011*/1.849 0.012*/1.853 3.74*/2.07 3.00*/1.91 3.37 1.91*/1.92 1.27*/1.30 2.18*/1.60 1.94*/1.21 0.700 Riget Riget 1.18 Riget 1 yr1 yr1 yr 1.91*/1.79 8.93*/1.59 0.010*/1.56 0.948*/1.41 0.464*/1.23 0.084*/1.49 Dietz Dietz Dietz 0 yr1 yr2-4 yrs5-10 yrs 0.017*/1.73 0.021*/1.59 0.023*/1.74 0.012*/1.31 13.2*/1.35 23.5*/1.31 15.7*/1.38 21.9*/1.55 0.930*/1.39 2.10*/1.67 1.18*/1.61 3.92*/2.21 1.21*/1.13 1.62*/1.33 1.19*/1.36 2.89*/1.83 Riget Riget Riget Riget 99.7 cm99.7 cm99.7 cm 0.024*/1.97 0.032*/2.84 <0.015 Dietz Dietz Dietz 1 yr5-10 yrs5-10 yrs5-10 yrs>15 yrs>15 yrs>15 yrs 0.878*/2.01 0.068*/1.34 0.920*/1.98 0.191*/2.07 1.27*/2.43 0.90*/1.55 2.37*/1.19 0.26*/2.08 Dietz 1.12*/1.44 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz KidneyLiverKidney 2 Muscle 7-9 Liver 7-9 7-9 24 KidneyMuscle 16 16 KidneyMuscleBile 6-7 Liver 6-7 KidneyMuscleLiver 1 1 1 Kidney 1 Muscle 4-5 Bile 5 Liver 4-5 KidneyMuscle 2-4 Bile 1 3 Liver 2-4 Kidney 10-11 MuscleBile 10-11 2 11 5 Muscle 7 KidneyMuscleLiver 1-2 Kidney 1-2 MuscleLiver 1 2 Kidney 2 Muscle 5-6 Liver 6 Kidney 6 MuscleLiver 4 4 Kidney 3-4 Muscle 1-10 9-10 9-10 LiverLiver 13 11 KidneyMuscle 10 10 LiverLiverLiver 13 11 8 KidneyMuscle 20 20 LiverKidneyMuscleLiver 7 7 Kidney 7 Muscle 3 2 3 Muscle 10 ------1991 Liver 16 1994 Liver 1 1987 Liver 20 Ittoqqortoormiit 70.33N 22.33W 1986 Liver 2 Daneborg 74N 18W 1974 Liver 7 Kong Oscars Fjord 72.15N 24W 1985 Liver 6-7 Danmarkshavn 76.5N 19W 1985-1987 Liver 1-2 Nanortalik 60N 45W 1986 Liver 10 Qeqertarssuaq 1994 Liver 5 Ringed seal Species Location Latitude Longitude Year Tissue n Sex Size/age Lead Cadmium Mercury Selenium Reference ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ------Chapter 7 · Heavy Metals 509 . 1984 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al 0.048*/1.540.039*/1.51 0.288*/1.52 <0.02 0.329*/1.94 1.69*/0.673 <0.01 Carlberg and Bøler 1985 <0.2 Carlberg and Bøler 1985 2-4 yrs2-4 yrs2-4 yrs5-10 yrs5-10 yrs5-10 yrs10-15 yrs10-15 yrs10-15 yrs>15 yrs>15 yrs>15 yrs 2.94*/3.21 10.9*/4.01 0.021*/2.94 9.11*/2.12 34.3*/2.32 1.01*/1.95 0.102*/1.54 0.353*/1.41 8.87*/4.35 0.094*/1.75 22.7*/4.50 0.691*/2.35 0.105*/3.57 0.288*/1.56 0.070*/1.60 2.88*/6.90 3.42*/4.05 0.312*/1.69 14.6*/3.98 0.080*/1.87 0.065*/4.02 3.97*/3.05 0.557*/1.44 Dietz 0.174*/1.28 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz 1 yr <0.050 12.3 0.300 0.900 Norwegian Polar Inst. 1996 1 yr2-3 yrs3 yrs6-7 yrs6-7 yrs13 yrs 0.055*/1.14 <0.05013 yrs 0.056*/1.21 0.060*/1.31 0.075*/1.73 6.13*/3.12 0.100 15.7*/2.06 <0.050 2.33*/4.16 53.2 4.87*/3.77 0.458*/2.08 0.391*/1.80 0.42*/1.77 0.367*/1.37 0.500 0.363*/2.04 3.30 0.300 0.915*/2.63 Norwegian Polar Inst. 1996 1.01*/1.55 0.989*/1.91 Norwegian Polar Inst. 1996 Norwegian Polar Inst. 1996 Norwegian Polar Inst. 1996 0.700 0.300 1.601 yr1 yr 0.7002-4 yrs Norwegian Polar Inst. 1996 1.002-4 yrs2-4 yrs5-10 yrs5-10 yrs Norwegian Polar Inst. 1996 5-10 yrs Norwegian Polar Inst. 1996 11-15 yrs11-15 yrs11-15 yrs>15 yrs>15 yrs>15 yrs 0.226*/1.63 2.84*/1.68 0.025*/1.33 0.333*/1.21 0.026*/1.40 3.32*/1.30 0.340*/1.13 0.029*/1.42 4.93*/1.41 0.381*/1.31 0.034*/1.61 10.0 Sergeant and Armstrong 1973 0.330 Sergeant and Armstrong 1973 Sergeant and Armstrong 1973 0.020 Sergeant and Armstrong 1973 Sergeant and Armstrong 1973 Sergeant and Armstrong 1973 Sergeant and Armstrong 1973 Sergeant and Armstrong 1973 Sergeant and Armstrong 1973 Sergeant and Armstrong 1973 Sergeant and Armstrong 1973 Sergeant and Armstrong 1973 Sergeant and Armstrong 1973 Sergeant and Armstrong 1973 1 yrPups 0.11±0.06 1.21*/1.67 0.92±1.65 1.46±0.80 Sergeant and Armstrong 1973 Ronald 0 yr2-4 yrs5-10 yrs10-15 yrs 0.021*/2.23 <0.010 0.015*/2.08 0.015*/2.36 4.79*/2.75 10.3*/1.84 10.6*/2.07 0.062 3.38*/1.61 6.11*/1.56 9.06*/1.76 2.17*/1.44 0.357 3.34*/1.37 4.58*/1.56 Riget Riget Riget 1.04 Riget 1 yr1 yr4 yrs4 yrs5-10 yrs5-10 yrs <0.05011-15 yrs <0.05011-15 yrs <0.05016-17 yrs <0.050 0.06016-17 yrs <0.050 <0.050Undeterm. <0.050Undeterm. 6.30 0.067*/1.52 <0.100 0.100*/2.67 <0.600 <0.050 1.56*/3.28 <0.100 <0.050 <0.100 2.14*/3.70 1.15*/4.45 0.132*/1.73 <0.100 0.500 1.09*/2.33 0.100 0.960 0.304*/3.93 2.51*/2.44 0.742*/1.75 0.134*/1.42 0.170 0.185*/1.39 <0.100 1.99*/1.52 0.100*/1.00 1.48*/1.60 2.54*/1.51 0.600*/1.50 0.400*/1.00 1.40 0.600 0.498*/1.19 Norwegian Polar Inst. 1996 2.10 Norwegian Polar Inst. 1996 Norwegian Polar Inst. 1996 0.490*/1.33 Norwegian Polar Inst. 1996 0.182*/1.74 Norwegian Polar Inst. 1996 0.450 2.13*/1.67 Norwegian Polar Inst. 1996 Norwegian Polar Inst. 1996 Norwegian Polar Inst. 1996 0.448*/1.12 Norwegian Polar Inst. 1996 Norwegian Polar Inst. 1996 Norwegian Polar Inst. 1996 Norwegian Polar Inst. 1996 Juvenile 0.45±0.15 2.53±0.59 Skaare 1994 JuvenileJuvenileJuvenile 0.28±0.09 0.39±0.14 0.21±0.08 3.54±1.06 1.81±0.51 3.19±0.92 Skaare 1994 Skaare 1994 Skaare 1994 2-4 yrs2-4 yrs5-10 yrs5-10 yrs5-10 yrs10-15 yrs10-15 yrs10-15 yrs>15 yrs>15 yrs>15 yrs 46.7*/1.64 0.070*/1.76 15.2*/1.66 42.3*/1.93 0.113*/2.31 1.05*/1.46 5.82*/1.77 0.251*/1.45 22.3*/1.57 5.89*/1.64 0.075*/2.43 1.57*/1.82 0.292*/1.33 9.05*/1.119 12.1*/2.07 2.13*/1.29 65.5*/1.46 0.563*/1.61 0.184*/1.47 14.4*/2.56 2.74*/1.52 0.323*/1.41 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz KidneyMuscleLiver 6-7 Kidney 6-7 14-16 Muscle 15-17 Liver 15-17 KidneyMuscle 3-5 Liver 3-5 Kidney 3-5 11-12 Muscle 11-12 11-12 Blubber 5 Kidney 1 LiverKidneyLiver 2-4 Kidney 2-4 LiverKidney 6 6 1 1 BlubberLiverMuscle 2 BlubberLiver 8 7 Muscle 7 BlubberLiver 5 5 Muscle 5 BlubberLiver 3 3 Muscle 3 Blubber 1 1 1 Muscle 2 LiverLiverLiver 13 10 3 MuscleLiverMuscle 1 LiverMuscle 1 1 LiverMuscle 6 7 LiverMuscle 3 4 LiverMuscle 2 2 3 3 LiverKidney 6 6 MuscleLiverKidney 24 MuscleLiver 22 22 Kidney 20 MuscleLiver 4 4 Kidney 4 Muscle 7 6 7 Kidney 24 1986 Liver 6-7 1993 Liver 1 1994 Liver 1 Svalbard/Kongsfjorden 79N 13E 1992 Liver 1 Newfoundland 55N 59W 1976-1978 Liver 5 Svalbard, Norway 78N 13E 1984 Liver 5 Northern Norway 68.50N 14.50E 1989-1990 Liver 7 Jarfjord 70N 30E Kidney 7 ) Phoca groenlandica ( Harp seal Escoumins, Canada 48.30N 69.50W 1971 Liver 2 510 AMAP Assessment Report . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1983* . 1983* . 1983* . 1983* . 1983* . 1983* . 1983* . 1983* . 1983* . 1983* et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al Metals, µg/g ww (unless otherwise indicated; see footnotes) ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 4 yrs 0.24±0.03 Botta 4 yrs 3.08±1.53 Botta ≥ Pups 0.14±1.5 0.18±0.20 0.70±0.48 1.02±0.61 Ronald PupsPupsPupsPupsPupsPups 0.09±0.10Pups 0.02±0.12Pups 0.08±0.09Pups 0.13±0.29Juveniles 0.14±0.06 1.55±5.43Juveniles 0.10±0.25 0.05±0.03Juveniles 0.04±0.04 0.05±0.03Juveniles 0.10±0.09 0.02±0.02 0.17±0.09Juveniles 0.36±0.10 0.07±0.06 0.23±0.40 0.06±0.02Juveniles 0.13±0.05 0.43±0.69 0.06±0.05Juveniles 0.08±0.04 0.08±0.09 0.21±0.16Juveniles 0.04±0.01 0.05±0.03 0.30±0.44Juveniles 2.03±0.91 0.81±0.73 1.84±0.62 0.10±0.15 0.15±0.09Juveniles 9.75±4.23 0.36±0.11 0.68±0.11 0.19±0.28Adults 0.04±0.01 0.12±0.04 0.31±0.09 0.05±0.03Adults 0.06±0.06 Ronald 0.08±0.05 2.16±2.24 0.23±0.20Adults 0.03±0.04 Ronald 0.01±0.11 1.01±0.11 0.58±0.13 0.11±0.13Adults 3.35±2.38 Ronald 1.88±0.37 0.18±0.06Adults 16.6±10.1 0.59±0.07 0.13±0.08 0.10±0.05Adults 0.05±0.02 Ronald 0.36±0.07 0.01±0.02 0.06±0.02Adults 0.05±0.02 Ronald 0.02±0.02 2.51±2.17 0.03±0.02 Ronald 0.21±0.02 0.64±0.25 Ronald Ronald 0.21±0.11 0.19±0.06 6.97±3.45 0.13±0.15 0.11±0.05 20.4±6.6 0.04±0.05 0.08±0.03 0.06±0.02 0.06±0.00 Ronald 13.3±7.52 0.06±0.00 Ronald Ronald 12.0±6.9 1.15±0.68 Ronald 0.35±0.13 38.8±36.4 Ronald 0.15±0.02 Ronald 0.15±0.02 7.02±2.68 Ronald 12.7±16.3 3.27±0.46 Ronald 1.04±0.47 0.58±0.05 Ronald Ronald 0.55±0.21 Ronald 0.55±0.21 Ronald Ronald Ronald 5.78±3.95 Ronald 2.87±0.75 Ronald Ronald Ronald 1 yr1 yr2 yrs2 yrs3 yrs3 yrs≥ 1.67±0.81 0.14±0.04 2.42±1.48 0.14±0.02 3.96±1.32 0.21±0.04 Botta Botta Botta Botta Botta Botta 3-8 weeks3-8 weeks 0.50±0.27 0.4±0.03 Botta Botta Pups 0.06±0.06 1.32±2.7 0.75±0.29 Ronald PupsPupsPupsPupsPupsPups 0.05±0.04Pups 0.09Juveniles 0.04±0.02Juveniles 0.16±0.04Juveniles 0.16±0.12 0.02±0.01Juveniles 0.11±0.10 0.16±0.14Juveniles 0.12±0.00 0.01±0.00 0.04±0.03Juveniles 0.05±0.02 0.02±0.02 0.22±0.47Juveniles 0.12±0.44 0.15±0.02 0.21Juveniles 0.01±0.01 0.14±0.26Juveniles 3.36±2.21 0.01±0.00 0.02±0.02 0.08±0.06Juveniles 15.4±11.4 1.77±0.09 0.07±0.02 0.07±0.07Adults 0.06±0.04 0.49±0.16 0.06±0.06Adults 0.18±0.07 1.62±0.69 0.22±0.25Adults 0.01±0.01 0.09±0.04 0.85±0.25 0.16±0.43Adults 3.38±1.62 0.04±0.02 0.26±0.09Adults 23.4±26.1 0.11±0.09Adults 0.05±0.01 0.03±0.03 0.02±0.01 1.77±0.45Adults 0.05±0.05 0.14±0.15 2.8±1.95 2.47±0.15 Ronald Adults 0.12±0.04 0.01±0.01 0.21 1.03±0.50 0.57±0.05Adults Ronald 0.02±0.01 0.24±0.07 6.20±3.87 Ronald Adults Ronald 0.77 0.12±0.04 26.6±18.5 Ronald Ronald Ronald 0.03 0.03±0.01 0.10±0.04 Ronald 0.7±0.70 2.59±1.44 0.02 2.46±0.97 Ronald 11.6±9.42 0.16 0.55±0.07 0.01±0.00 Ronald 2.14±0.53 0.02 0.7 Ronald 0.06±0.03 Ronald Ronald 0.49±0.22 Ronald 4.39 Ronald 0.04±0.02 7.73±3.26 21.9 2.60 0.21±0.08 0.2 0.6 0.05 Ronald Ronald 0.01 Ronald 0.5 8.62 Ronald 1.27 Ronald 0.31 0.14 0.02 Ronald Ronald 6.00 0.40 Ronald Ronald Ronald Ronald Ronald Muscle 6 KidneyMuscle 10-34 Brain 9-30 Blood 10-28 LiverKidney 16 Muscle 9-16 6-19 Brain 7-19 Blood 10-17 LiverKidneyMuscle 7 Brain 10 12 Blood 11 Liver 10 KidneyMuscle 7 Brain 12 12 Blood 12 Liver 10 KidneyMuscle 7 9-10 9-10 BrainBlood 8-9 LiverKidney 2 16-57 12-56 2 LiverMuscleLiverMuscle 6 6 LiverMuscle 6 6 Liver 6 6 6 MuscleBrainBlood 5 LiverKidney 4 Muscle 3 Brain 2 2 Liver 2 Kidney 10-22 Muscle 2 3-22 Brain 6-22 BloodLiver 2-18 19.00 KidneyMuscle 9-14 5-14 Brain 2-14 BloodLiver 1-10 12.00 KidneyMuscle 3-4 Brain 1-4 Blood 1-4 Liver 1-2 KidneyMuscle 3 Brain 1 1 Blood 1 1 1 ------St. Lawrence 49N 68.5W 1976-1978 Liver 13-33 NewfoundlandWhite Bay 50N 56.50W 1980 Liver 6 Muscle 6 Harp seal Labrador Kidney 5 Species Location Latitude Longitude Year Tissue n Sex Size/age Lead Cadmium Mercury Selenium Reference ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ------Chapter 7 · Heavy Metals 511 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1984 . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al 0 yr0 yr0 yr0 yr1 yr1 yr1 yr1 yr2-4 yrs2-4 yrs2-4 yrs 1.63*/1.51 7.72*/1.72 0.105*/2.88 0.275*/2.07 1.80*/1.40 8.74*/1.35 0.023*/1.82 2.80*/1.71 0.575*/1.85 18.0*/1.70 0.031*/2.20 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Juvenile 0.29±0.28 2.01±0.81 Skaare 1994 JuvenileAdultAdultJuvenileJuvenileAdultAdult 0.17±0.08 0.33±0.08 0.16±0.04 0.39±0.24 0.16±0.08 3.78±1.80 0.44±0.29 1.55±0.20 Skaare 1994 0.22±0.87 1.94±0.28 2.28±0.66 3.93±1.57 Skaare 1994 Skaare 1994 Skaare 1994 2.09±0.76 Skaare 1994 2.66±0.87 Skaare 1994 Skaare 1994 0 yr0 yr0 yr0 yr1 yr1 yr1 yr1 yr2-4 yrs2-4 yrs2-4 yrs2-4 yrs5-10 yrs5-10 yrs 1.56*/3.065-10 yrs 5.69*/2.855-10 yrs 0.038*/2.76>15 yrs 0.255*/3.47>15 yrs 1.61*/3.16 4.20*/1.66>15 yrs 0.385*/1.54 24.9*/1.63 0.194*/1.66 0.040*/1.66 3.69*/1.80 0.575*/2.38 1.47*/1.61 0.78*/1.79 21.9*/1.791 0.43*/1.35 0.059*/1.68 Dietz 0.890*/2.77 Dietz 5.38 1.83*/2.62 Dietz 0.568*/1.57 40.8 0.309*/1.39 0.121 0.348 4.05 3.40 4.18 0.22 21.2 1.01 0.241 1.07 0.253 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz 12.7 2.13 Dietz 0.450 3.93 Dietz Dietz 2.33 0.26 Dietz 12.1 Dietz Dietz 0.50 0.50 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Adults 0.03±0.03 0.14±0.10 0.29±0.10 0.56±0.07 Ronald PupsPups 0.04 0.03±0.02 7.01±2.96 1.44 0.62±0.07 3.22 2.30 Ronald 1.50±0.57 Ronald AdultsAdultsPups 0.26Pups 0.06±0.08PupsPupsPupsPups 0.05±0.01 0.03±0.09Pups 0.08Juveniles 0.09±0.06 0.02±0.04Juveniles 0.03±0.02Juveniles 0.05±0.02 0.05±0.06 0.07±0.04Juveniles 0.57±0.54 0.14±0.11 0.13±0.09Juveniles 0.06±0.00 0.90±0.15 0.07±0.10Juveniles 4.62±2.55 0.01 0.06±0.05Juveniles 0.26 0.03±0.04 0.15±0.10Juveniles 0.06±0.04 0.10±0.06 0.5±0.14Juveniles 2.56±1.13 2.82 0.01 0.06±0.01Juveniles 15.4±7.16 0.6±0.32 0.03±0.01Adults 0.07±0.04 0.27±0.03 0.12±0.18Adults 0.04±0.04 Ronald 0.12±0.01 0.08 4.16±3.35 0.18±0.09Adults 0.09±0.11 0.95±0.50 0.08±0.04Adults 3.15±1.63 Ronald 0.32±0.11 4.40Adults 16.9±5.13 0.5 0.06 1.48±0.35 0.08±0.08 0.17±0.05Adults 0.09±0.06 0.06±0.03 0.07±0.05 2.83±1.11Adults 0.05±0.03 0.05±0.03 5.49 3.32±0.65Adults 0.10±0.18 Ronald 0.38±0.20 0.90±0.33 0.50Adults Ronald 0.03±0.01 Ronald 0.37±0.11 0.40 4.74±2.41Adults Ronald Ronald 0.07±0.02 Ronald 0.13±0.05 0.80 20.8±7.25 1.8 0.05±0.03 0.08±0.07 0.15±0.04 0.03±0.02 3.79±1.11 0.11±0.03 Ronald 9.03±9.03 0.75±0.76 Ronald 0.08±0.06 3.85±1.42 0.46±0.46 0.110.14 Ronald 7.98±5.83 Ronald Ronald 0.27±0.07 Ronald 1.17±0.40 25.4±12.8 0.16±0.03 Ronald 0.48±0.70 Ronald 0.11±0.02 0.28±0.21 Ronald 12.6±12.5 0.42±0.53 1.66±0.68 0.50 Ronald 0.29±0.15 0.50 Ronald 0.14±0.05 12.1 0.09±0.02 Ronald Ronald Ronald Ronald 0.50 Ronald Ronald Ronald Ronald Ronald Ronald KidneyMuscleBile 5 Liver 5 KidneyMuscleBile 5 7 7 Liver 7 KidneyMuscle 7 3 3 3 Kidney 10 LiverKidneyLiverKidney 8 8 LiverKidney 8 8 8 8 KidneyMuscleBile 4-7 Liver 4-7 KidneyMuscleBile 3 8 8 Liver 8 KidneyMuscle 2-17 2-17 Bile 6 2-16 LiverKidneyMuscle 13 1-2 Bile 1-2 Liver 1-2 KidneyMuscle 2 1 1 1 Muscle 13-57 BrainBlood 2-34 48 MuscleBrainLiver 2 KidneyMuscle 1 Brain 1-9 2 Blood 1-4 LiverKidney 4 Muscle 1 6-11 Brain 1-11 6 BloodLiver 1-8 Kidney 1-3 Muscle 2-6 Brain 3-8 Blood 10 LiverKidney 5 3-6 MuscleBrain 9 9 Blood 1-9 Liver 1-4 KidneyMuscle 6 1-6 Brain 6 Blood 6 1-5 3 Jarfjord, Norway 70N 30E 1989-1990 Liver 10 Uummannaq 71.50N 52.50W 1985 Liver 5 Grise Fjord, Pangnirtung and GreenlandNorth-West 76.2N 83.0W 1976-1978 Liver 1 Kidney 2-7 Upernavik, Greenland 74N 57W 1985 Liver 4-7 512 AMAP Assessment Report . 1980 . 1980 . 1980 . 1980 . 1990 . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al 0.057.72-27.34.23±4.25 0.27 Hendzel 1990, unpubl. (1) Dietz Anas 1974 6.5±4.50.20±0.0416.7±13.50.33±0.08 Johansen Johansen Johansen Johansen Metals, µg/g ww (unless otherwise indicated; see footnotes) ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 1 yr1 yr1 yr2-4 yrs2-4 yrs2-4 yrs5-10 yrs5-10 yrs5-10 yrs 2.87*/1.23 0.71*/1.05 7.67*/1.16 0.029*/2.12 0.444*/1.12 0.025*/1.33 19.0*/1.20 0.413*/1.50 0.025*/1.33 Sergeant and Armstrong 1973 Sergeant and Armstrong 1973 Sergeant and Armstrong 1973 Sergeant and Armstrong 1973 Sergeant and Armstrong 1973 Sergeant and Armstrong 1973 Sergeant and Armstrong 1973 Sergeant and Armstrong 1973 Sergeant and Armstrong 1973 Juvenile 0.30±1.61 1.76±1.49 Skaare 1994 JuvenileAdultAdultJuvenileJuvenileAdultAdult 0.23±0.12 0.83 0.19 0.49±0.23 0.21±0.61 2.86±1.06 0.54 Skaare 1994 0.33 2.13±0.73 4.45±2.33 3.71 2.80 Skaare 1994 Skaare 1994 1.85 Skaare 1994 2.95 Skaare 1994 Skaare 1994 Skaare 1994 1 yr1 yr1 yr2-4 yr2-4 yr2-4 yr 3.46*/1.49 18.6*/1.46 0.019*/1.892 3.09 29.1 7.85*/1.33 0.065 1.40*/1.592 0.244*/1.472 4.22*/1.28 0.38*/1.52 4.59*/1.35 5.32 1.62 0.100 Dietz Dietz Dietz 9.55 1.76 0.27 Dietz Dietz Dietz 5-10 yrs5-10 yrs5-10 yrs10-15 yrs10-15 yrs10-15 yrs>15 yrs>15 yrs>15 yrs 8.070*/2.36 55.2*/2.09 0.074*/1.690 8.26*/1.36 34.7*/1.68 0.056*/1.51 7.21*/1.13 41.8*/1.92 0.071*/2.32 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz 2-4 yrs2-4 yrs2-4 yrs5-10 yrs5-10 yrs5-10 yrs10-15 yrs10-15 yrs10-15 yrs>15 yrs>15 yrs>15 yrs 2220 0.050 1.61 6.10 0.033 1.88*/1.54 37.9 9.48*/2.10 0.057*/2.19 0.485 3.28 2.76 19.8*/1.08 0.030*/1.02 12.4 0.25 3900 0.812*/1.117 91.8 2.42 0.46 Dietz Dietz 2.11 Dietz 29.9 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz 5-10 yrs5-10 yrs5-10 yrs11-15 yrs11-15 yrs 35.1*/1.43 0.890*/1.67 0.080 39.2 1.93 Sergeant and Armstrong 1973 Sergeant and Armstrong 1973 Sergeant and Armstrong 1973 Sergeant and Armstrong 1973 Sergeant and Armstrong 1973 MuscleBlubberLiver 4 Muscle 4 BlubberLiver 2 2 Muscle 2 Blubber 2 2 2 Kidney 4 LiverKidneyLiverKidney 2 2 LiverKidney 4 4 1 1 Muscle 3Blubber 2 8.5 yrs 0.035 <0.02 0.53±0.35 <0.01 <0.2 Smith and Armstrong 1975, 1978 Carlberg and Bøler 1985 (2) KidneyMuscleLiver 8 Kidney 8 Muscle 1 1 1 KidneyMuscleLiver 8 Kidney 8 MuscleLiver 11 5 Kidney 12 Muscle 3 4 4 KidneyMuscleLiver 1 Kidney 1 MuscleLiver 1 1 Kidney 1 MuscleLiver 4 4 Kidney 4 Muscle 1 2 2 MuscleBlubberLiver 2 Muscle 1 1 1 MuscleMuscle 4 10 ------1985 Liver 7 19761985 Liver Liver 10 1 Jarfjord, Norway 70N 30E 1989-1990 Liver 4 West GreenlandWest Svalbard, Norway 77N 16E 1984 Liver 1984-1987 Liver 2 3 0.014 5.80 5.87 2049 Carlberg and Bøler 1985 (2) Eastern Hudson BayBelcher IslandsRankin Inlet 77.43N 93.75W 56.25N 1974 62.52N 79.25W Liver 92.00W 10-56 1972 Muscle Muscle 55 1 4.9 yrs 4.9 yrs 26.2±26.1 20.8±13.5 0.09±0.04 Smith and Armstrong 1975, 1978 Smith and Armstrong 1975, 1978 Ammassalik 65.35N 38.00W 1984 Liver 8 Davis Strait 1984 Liver 3 13.3±7.38 77.9±22.2 31.6±7.60 Nielsen and Dietz 1990 Upernavik, Greenland 72.30N 56W 1974 Liver 4 ) ) ) Sable Island, Canada 44N 66W 1971 Liver 4 Phoca vitulina Erignathus barbatus Cystophora cristata ( Harbour seal Bering Sea, Alaska 1971 Liver 3 Bearded seal( Amundsen Gulf 71N 119W 1973 Liver 6 8.5 yrs 143.±170 34.4±33.2 Smith and Armstrong 1975, 1978 ( Hooded seal Magdalen Island, Canada 47.35N 61.5W 1971 Liver 2 Species Location Latitude Longitude Year Tissue n Sex Size/age Lead Cadmium Mercury Selenium Reference ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ------Chapter 7 · Heavy Metals 513 . 1992 et al . 1981 . 1981 . 1989 (1), . 1989 . 1989 . 1989 . 1989 . 1989 . 1989 et al et al . 1981 . 1981 . 1981 (1) . 1981 (1) . 1981 (1) et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al 0.03 Hendzel 1990, unpubl. (1) 9.810.510.6 Born Born Born 0.49±0.100.02±0.00 Galster (pers comm.), in Born 5.83±2.8843.9±21.3 1.48±1.59 2.42±0.96 and Seagers 1993 (1) Wartburton and Seagers 1993 (1) Wartburton 0.05±0.11 14.4±12.9 0.90±0.98 2.32±1.85 and Seagers 1993 (1) Wartburton 0.02±0.07 10.7±9.41 1.23±1.77 1.95±1.32 Taylor 0.20±0.49 8.73±4.600.02±0.050.05±0.19 0.56±0.40 11.2±9.92 54.2±22.2 2.42±0.70 1.72±2.330.11±0.29 and Seagers 1993 (1) Wartburton 2.24±2.89 6.78±3.72 Galster (pers comm.), 2.17±5.26 2.87±1.142 and Stewart 1994 Wagemann in Born 0.11±0.29 6.78±3.72 2.17±5.26 3.14±2.80 Taylor 0.05±0.17 50.8±21.3 Taylor 0.07±0.18 39.6±16.7 Taylor 0.04±0.080.09±0.20 7.00±3.50 43.9±21.3 1.98±5.31 2.38±1.82 Taylor Taylor Pups 0.1 Anas 1974 (1) Pups 0.01-0.3 Anas 1974 (1) NewbornNewborn 0.31±0.45 0.094±0.032 Born Born 0 yr0 yr1 yr1 yr1 yr5-10 yrs5-10 yrs5-10 yrs11-15 yrs11-15 yrs11-15 yrs>15 yrs>15 yrs>15 yrs 0.319*/1.75 0.042*/1.89 14.3 1.80 59.4*/1.822-3 yrs 0.070 1.29*/1.502-3 yrs 0.082*/1.70 170 0.900 0.090 226.*/2.14 Sergeant and Armstrong 1973 1.40*/2.09 Sergeant and Armstrong 1973 0.089*/2.28 Sergeant and Armstrong 1973 Sergeant and Armstrong 1973 Sergeant and Armstrong 1973 Sergeant and Armstrong 1973 Sergeant and Armstrong 1973 Sergeant and Armstrong 1973 Sergeant and Armstrong 1973 Sergeant and Armstrong 1973 Sergeant and Armstrong 1973 Sergeant and Armstrong 1973 Sergeant and Armstrong 1973 Sergeant and Armstrong 1973 3.0-19.0 0.1-0.4 Anas 1974 (1) Anas 1974 (1) 0 yrJuvenile 0.680*/1.632-5 yrs Sergeant and Armstrong 1973 0.328±0.702 0.78 16.1±8.06 3.11±1.89 1.19 Skaare 1994 (1) Goldblatt and Anthony 1983 (3) JuvenileJuvenileJuvenileAdultAdultAdultAdult2-5 yrs2-5 yrs 0.057±0.046 0.089±0.145 0.12 56.1±20.5 3.55±2.39 0.271±0.135 0.49±0.18 22.4±11.9 1.45±0.84 3.01±1.27 9.18±5.77 2.70±0.42 3.18 1.62±1.11 Skaare 1994 (1) 12.6±5.13 Skaare 1994 (1) 2.69±0.63 5.79±3.54 Skaare 1994 (1) 2.73±0.69 Skaare 1994 (1) Skaare 1994 (1) Skaare 1994 (1) Skaare 1994 (1) Goldblatt and Anthony 1983 (3) Goldblatt and Anthony 1983 (3) 2-3 yrs 13.3 5.87 Becker 2-3 yrs <0.4 2.63 cited in Muir AllAll 0.021±0.479 0.155±0.141 0.138±0.128 6.61±5.26 0.112±0.133 2.045±1.64 2.65±1.02 unpubl. M. Kingsley, unpubl. M. Kingsley, 2-3 yrs 0.032 12.0 9.11 Zeisler 1993 (1) 2-3 yrs2-3 yrs 44.0 _0.39 Zeisler 1993 (1) 10-32 yrs10-32 yrs 0.18 0.34AllAll 7.70 43.1 0.077±0.06 1.20 11.2±6.58 0.29 1.35±1.08 1.57 56.6±28.5 2.93 0.318±0.123 and Seagers 1993 (1) Wartburton and Seagers 1993 (1) Wartburton 3.33±1.40 and Stewart 1994 Wagemann and Stewart 1994 Wagemann 10-32 yrs10-32 yrs10-32 yrs10-32 yrs 0.16 0.21 0.13 0.29 5.26 38.0 8.41 46.8 0.97 0.26 0.71 0.29 1.10 4.20 1.73 4.56 and Seagers 1993 (1) Wartburton and Seagers 1993 (1) Wartburton and Seagers 1993 (1) Wartburton and Seagers 1993 (1) Wartburton Kidney 7 BlubberLiverMuscle 3 BlubberLiver 1 1 Muscle 1 BlubberLiver 4 4 Muscle 4 BlubberLiver 1 1 Muscle 1 Blubber 2 2 2 Muscle 29 Muscle 3 Kidney 2 Kidney 36-37 LiverKidneyLiverKidney 6 6 LiverKidney 18 18 7 7 Muscle 36 Kidney 2 Muscle 2 Kidney 9 Kidney 35 Kidney 112 Kidney 12 Muscle 4 322 0.01*/2.83 0.071*/1.27 0.94*/1.32 unpubl. M. Kingsley, Liver 17-20 Kidney 25-26 Kidney 14-16 KidneyKidney 12 9 Kidney 18 1970 Liver 29 Muscle 2.00 1990 Liver 13 1982-1988 Liver 114-130 19861989 Liver Liver 12 9 Jarfjord, Norway 70N 30EBering Sea 1989-1990 Liver 2 57N 170W 1975 Liver 36-37 Bering Sea 57N 170W 1987 Liver 2 Frobisher Bay GreenlandAvanersuaq, 77.5N 63.45N 70W 68.30W 1975-1977 Liver 1978 Muscle 9 3 St. Paul Island 57.15N 170.20W 1987 Liver 2 SavoongaHerschel IslandHolman IslandPond InletFoxe Basin, CanadaInukjuak 69.65N 63.75N 71N 67N 139W 170.50W 72.78N 117.50W 79W 1981-1983 197? Liver 77W 197? Liver 58.5N 11 Liver 197? 78W 1 Liver 2 Liver 1993 17 1 Liver 4 322 2.52*/1.96 1.32*/2.81 1.62*/1.28 unpubl. M. Kingsley, Hudson Bay Muscle 112-114 WalesNomeSt. Lawrence Island andSt. Mathew IslandGambelGambel, Savoonga 61.5N 170W 65.74N 64.50N 197? 168W 165.35W 63.75N Liver 1981-1983 1981-1983 Liver Liver 171.75W 1981-1983 7 Liver 9 6 14-18 1988 Muscle Liver 6 35 Diomede 65.75N 169W 1981-1983 Liver 13-18 ) ) Pribiloff Islands Muscle 5 ) Callorhinus ursinus Halichoerus grypus Odobenus rosmarus ( ( Fur seal Bering Sea, Alaska 57N 170W 1970 Liver 10 Grey seal Sable Island, Canada 44N 66W 1971 Liver 3 Walrus Northern Bering Sea, Alaska 64N 169W 1981-1984 Liver 40-45 ( 514 AMAP Assessment Report . 1990 . 1996 . 1996 . 1980 . 1980 . 1980 . 1980 . 1993 . 1993 . 1993 . 1990 (3) . 1990 (3) . 1990 (3) et al et al et al . 1993 (2) . 1993 (2) . 1993 (2) . 1995a, 1995b . 1995a, 1995b . 1995 . 1995 . 1995 . 1989 . 1989 . 1985 (2) . 1985 (2) . 1985 (2) . 1985 (2) . 1985 (2) . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1981 . 1981 . 1981 et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al 6.26±3.71 Lutz and Armstrong 1978 0.71±0.1430.6±20.5 Lutz and Armstrong 1978 Imperial Oil 1978 2.12±1.15 Imperial Oil 1978 0.08±0.09 Imperial Oil 1978 0.018±0.130.015±0.06 Johansen Johansen 0.15±0.08 Johansen 0.11±0.05 Johansen 9.56±4.48 2.83±1.71 2.44±0.75 Wagemann 0.903.720.02 0.39 0.28 0.17 1.6 1.5 0.21 Hansen Hansen Hansen 39.3±21.1 9.53±6.32 Taylor 8.30±6.56 1.90±0.56 Taylor Metals, µg/g ww (unless otherwise indicated; see footnotes) 0.010±0.0100.007±0.007 2.27±1.45 0.12±0.27 11.8±12.1 1.07±1.47 6.22±5.26 0.61±1.47 Wagemann Wagemann ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 9-20 glg 0.169±0.182 1.31±0.637 4.73±3.79 7.92±4.43 Becker 13-43glg 0.022±0.016 1.80±1.05 36.5±35.9 24.2±19.4 Becker 4-6 yrs4-6 yrs4-6 yrs7-12 yrs7-12 yrs 0.812*/1.32 4.24*/1.14 <0.015*/1.44 0.913*/1.40 0.382*/2.49 3.17*/1.47 0.364*/2.23 0.160*/1.48 0.452*/1.42 1.62*/1.35 0.293*/1.52 1.51*/1.31 0.21*/1.25 Dietz 1.78*/1.23 Dietz Dietz 1.46*/1.14 Dietz Dietz <5 yrs 0.044 0.62 3.80 Zeisler >5 yrs 0.074*/1.61 0.682*/2.38 3.69*/2.70 Zeisler >5 yrs 0.017 3.63 42.4 Zeisler 8.7-10.0 m8.7-13.6 m8.7-10.0 m 0.014 0.016*/2.76 0.01 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.01 0.035 0.027 Byrne Byrne Byrne 8.5 m 0.046 <0.34 0.30 0.46 Becker 15.0 m 0.049 17.5 0.12 1.09 Becker 12-26 yrs 0.546±0.155 Sanpera 14.5 m12-26 yrs 0.048 18.9 0.10 0.397±0.248 1.19 Becker Sanpera 12-26 yrs 0.221±0.083 Sanpera 8.7-10.0 m 0.335 0.005 0.016 Byrne 10.0 m 1.50 0.009 0.11 Byrne Newborn11 yrs11 yrs 0.057±0.028 1.78±1.54 0.08±0.05 Born Born Born Muscle 7 Muscle 11 Blubber 11 KidneyMuscle 43.00 34-43 KidneyMuscleLiver 4 Kidney 10 7 9 LiverMuktukMuscleKidney 3 5Liver 4Muktuk 6Muscle 4 6Liver 6MuktukMuscle 5-15 5-15Kidney 1 1Liver 5-15 1Muktuk 15-25 6Muscle 5-6 15-25 15-25Kidney 6 15-25 0.005*/2.56 0.007*/7.41 6 2-3 0.021*/2.11 5-15 5-15 0.01*/1.94 0.003*/1.81 5.86*/1.86 0.008*/2.79 5-15 0.13*/1.92 0.015*/1.93 15-25 15-25 15-25 0.01*/1.88 0.49*/1.15 9.84*/1.62 5.44*/1.35 15-25 0.001*/– 0.015*/– >25 0.08*/2.84 0.68*/1.22 0.003*/– 26.43*/5.82 0.54*/1.35 6.30*/1.59 5.88*/1.08 2.87*/1.46 0.016*/1.29 0.71*/1.16 0.37*/1.08 0.00*/– 2.44*/– 0.001*/2.88 3.49*/1.33 unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.01*/– 5.90*/1.31 4.25*/1.68 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 2.17*/1.44 0.34*/1.06 0.02*/1.55 unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.27*/– 8.09*/– 9.38*/1.52 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 24.3*/2.10 0.00*/1.63 0.56*/– 1.42*/1.46 5.16*/1.46 10.93*/1.09 0.86*/1.52 18.1*/1.86 5.86*/– 11.9*/– unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.42*/1.18 0.33*/– unpubl. R. Wagemann, 5.72*/2.12 5.23*/1.29 unpubl. unpubl. R. Wagemann, R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, Liver 3 KidneyMuscle 13 16 Muscle 6 BlubberSpleen 7 2 Liver 1 Liver 1 Kidney 5 Muscle 4 Muscle 9 Kidney 3 MuscleLiverMuscle 9 46 58 ------1977 Liver 8 1990 Liver 2 1981-1984 Liver 42-43 Beaufort Sea, CanadaMacKenzie delta 70N 68.50N 135W 136.15W 1977 1972 Muscle Liver 1 7 0.05 0.02 3.01 0.54 Hendzel 1990, unpubl. (1) Point Hope 68.20N 166.50W 1989 Liver 4 Coral Harbour 64.17N 83.25W 1993 Kidney 2 5-15 31.43*/2.33 2.53*/1.06 unpubl. R. Wagemann, Hendrickson Island 69.50N 133.58W 1993 Kidney 1 5-15 10.79*/– 3.50*/– unpubl. R. Wagemann, Point Lay, Point Lay, 69.45N 163.10W 1990 Liver 6-11 Davis Strait 66.5N 55W 1980 Liver 10 West GreenlandWest 66.5N 55W 1980 Liver 17 Barrow, AlaskaBarrow, 71.35N 156.65W 1992 Liver 1 Beaufort Sea) Muscle 2 Zakharovo, Russia 1984 Liver 3 ) ) ) (Bering Sea, Chukchi Kidney 2 ) Disko Bay 69N 57W 1978 Liver 6 Delphinapterus leucas Balaenoptera physalus Balaenoptera Balaena mysticetus Toothed whales Toothed Beluga, white whale Chukchi Sea, Alaska 71.20N 156.40W 1989 Liver 1 ( Fin whale Iceland 66.5N 20W 1986 Liver 5 ( Minke whale( Uummannaq, Greenland 70N 52W 1972 Liver 4 acutorostrata ( Baleen whales Bowhead whale Arctic stock Western 65N 170W 1979-1980 Liver 1 Walrus Species Location Latitude Longitude Year Tissue n Sex Size/age Lead Cadmium Mercury Selenium Reference ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ------Chapter 7 · Heavy Metals 515 LiverMuktukMuscle 1-2Kidney 2Liver 2Muktuk 2Muscle 1-2 2Liver 2Muktuk >25Muscle >25 14Kidney 13Liver >25 14Muktuk Undeterm. 13 Undeterm.Muscle Undeterm. 13Kidney 12-13 13 0.003*/–Liver Undeterm. 0.018*/1.17Muktuk 0.024*/33.8 3Muscle 0.022*/1.67 5-15 5-15Kidney 0.001*/3.55 3 3 5-15Liver 2.94*/1.03 0.00*/1.63 0.00*/1.63 15-25 3Muktuk 1.86*/1.16 3Muscle 15-25 15-25 15-25 0.01*/1.16 3 3 53.7*/1.21 0.010*/1.63Liver 0.88*/– 1.29*/– 9.57*/1.35 3Muscle 0.001*/2.03 >25 32.6*/1.14 0.06*/2.68Kidney 2.18*/1.06 >25 >25Liver 2.19*/1.53 0.001*/2.14 0.012*/1.80 25.2*/1.10 7 7Muscle 5.85*/1.01 >25 0.01*/1.38 2 21.8*/1.27Kidney 3.39*/– Undeterm. 6.95*/– 1.10*/2.96 unpubl. R. Wagemann, Liver 0.45*/1.09 2 Undeterm. 2 0.01*/1.68 2.26*/1.29 Undeterm. 11.5*/1.74Muscle unpubl. R. Wagemann, 3 Undeterm. 1.00*/1.37 unpubl. 0.011*/1.31 unpubl. R. Wagemann, R. Wagemann, unpubl. Liver R. Wagemann, 0.40*/1.22 3 7.89*/1.39 3Muscle 0.012*/1.24 1.31*/1.78 20.5*/2.86 11.2*/1.68 5-15Kidney 5-15 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.35*/1.25Liver 2.36*/1.37 15-25 2 2Muscle unpubl. R. Wagemann, 4.91*/1.74 3.12*/1.16 2 15-25Kidney 15-25 0.40*/1.25 15.8*/2.24 unpubl. unpubl. R. Wagemann, R. Wagemann, 12.03*/1.04Liver Undeterm. 0.53*/1.62 2 48.3*/2.19 2Muscle 11.66*/1.11 unpubl. unpubl. R. Wagemann, R. Wagemann, 1 Undeterm. Undeterm. 38.9*/1.69 0.03*/1.58Liver 5.00*/2.03 1 1 0.69*/1.93 3.34*/1.45 0.02*/1.17 28.0*/1.98 5.62*/1.10 5-15Liver 5-15 3-6 17.6*/3.00Muscle 15-25 1.23*/1.75 unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, Kidney 3.64*/1.26 15-25 1.61*/1.55Liver 15-25 unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. 6 R. Wagemann, 6Muscle 0.67*/1.86 Undeterm. 2.41*/2.01 0.05*/4.10 1 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 9.95*/2.28 0.42*/1.18 0.97*/1.13 Undeterm.Liver Undeterm. 9.55*/1.39 1 0.39*/1.59 1 0.92*/10.3Muktuk 0.03*/1.37 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 3.15*/1.40 8.10*/2.50Muscle Undeterm. 2.93*/1.06 0.75*/1.33 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.22*/1.43 2.16*/1.28Kidney unpubl. R. Wagemann, 2 3.31*/1.25 2 unpubl. R. Wagemann, Liver 2.87*/1.26 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 2.75*/9.80 0.80*/1.33 2 5-15Muktuk 5-15 4.70*/1.82 17.2*/2.06 unpubl. 6 R. Wagemann, 0.35*/1.12 0.88*/1.14Muscle 15-25 2.41*/1.04Kidney 2.03*/1.16 6 6 0.02*/1.25 2.10*/1.12 15-25Liver unpubl. 15-25 8.97*/1.50 R. Wagemann, 1.99*/5.87 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.36*/1.04 6 unpubl. R. Wagemann, Muktuk 14.32*/– 7.05*/2.21 0.32*/1.07 5 3.36*/1.38Muscle 0.04*/2.14 unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, 5-15 unpubl. 5-15 R. Wagemann, 2.44*/1.08 4.81*/– 0.58*/1.11 0.09*/– 5 5 3.08*/2.03 unpubl. R. Wagemann, Liver unpubl. 5-15 R. Wagemann, 5Muktuk 15-25 1.41*/1.05 10.8*/3.39 0.67*/1.75 2.49*/–Muscle 5.15*/2.47 15-25 15-25 0.35*/1.09Kidney 3 2.94*/1.24 5 13.8*/–Liver 15-25 0.001*/1.63 0.74*/– 0.008*/4.09 5 7.73*/2.64Muktuk unpubl. R. Wagemann, >25 6.54*/2.84 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.38*/1.08 0.002*/1.33 6 unpubl. R. Wagemann, Muscle 1.77*/1.78 0.03*/1.42 1-2 >25 2.05*/– >25Kidney 11.04*/– 6 unpubl. 0.001***/– R. Wagemann, 0.001*/1.78 0.37*/4.14 unpubl. 0.017*/1.40 R. Wagemann, >25 8.19*/2.60 6 2.88*/– 3.16*/– 0.02*/1.04 0.002*/1.76 0.06*/– 0.33*/– 1 5.99*/2.18 0.72*/1.27 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 5-15 5-15 0.30*/1.61 unpubl. 0.00*/1.43 R. Wagemann, 2.09*/1.83 0.85*/4.22 8.89*/– 5-15 0.002*/3.86 0.02*/1.61 0.52*/1.31 unpubl. 0.025*/1.30 R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, 15-25 46.9*/– 3.93*/1.42 0.002*/2.02 1.70*/– 0.38*/1.07 15-25 11.63*/1.39 0.79*/1.92 4.93*/1.19 15-25 24.1*/2.60 1.59*/1.90 0.00*/1.00 unpubl. 1.45*/3.45 15-25 1.22*/1.85 R. Wagemann, unpubl. 0.006*/4.84 0.37*/1.15 R. Wagemann, 5.16*/– >25 unpubl. 6.51*/1.87 R. Wagemann, 0.03*/1.46 unpubl. 0.002*/1.74 R. Wagemann, 3.75*/1.21 16.9*/2.10 19.5*/– unpubl. R. Wagemann, 10.83*/1.14 0.42*/– 1.60*/1.50 31.0*/3.23 1.14*/2.79 0.002*/2.06 0.40*/1.23 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 1.02*/1.53 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.01*/1.24 unpubl. 0.001*/1.57 R. Wagemann, 7.61*/1.56 unpubl. unpubl. R. Wagemann, R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, 3.72*/1.43 1.74*/1.53 6.36*/4.83 16.1*/3.69 0.02*/1.53 0.98*/1.74 0.43*/1.12 unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, 7.86*/1.21 17.2*/2.92 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 8.51*/2.63 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 1.25*/1.86 0.45*/1.22 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 3.92*/1.65 14.3*/2.32 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 7.75*/– 0.68*/2.11 0.53*/1.14 unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.30*/– 3.96*/1.23 3.17*/– unpubl. R. Wagemann, 3.64*/1.16 unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, 1994 Kidney 14 5-15 7.79*/1.31 3.06*/1.601984 Kidney 3 unpubl. R. Wagemann, Undeterm.1994 Kidney 9.33*/1.31 5 5-15 3.17*/1.32 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 8.05*/1.16 2.84*/1.82 unpubl. R. Wagemann, Kendall Island 69.49NTuktoyaktuk 135.29W 1981 Kidney 7 69.44N 132.94WEast Whitefish Station 1981 Kidney 5-15 69.42NEast Whitefish 2 133.67W 1981 Kidney 69.40N 5-15 6 133.53W 1993 9.01*/1.55 Kidney 2.44*/2.11 5-15 2 2.50*/1.45 8.06*/1.99 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 5-15 1.47*/1.13 1.98*/1.12 7.93*/1.44 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 2.39*/1.24 2.19*/1.18 9.70*/1.15 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 1.67*/1.00 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 516 AMAP Assessment Report 6.60*/–10.0*/–5.79*/–5.09*/– unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.24*/– unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.32*/– unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, 9.08±4.86 1.47±1.06 1.94±0.46 unpubl. R. Wagemann, Metals, µg/g ww (unless otherwise indicated; see footnotes) 0.009±0.0070.006±0.013 3.26±3.76 0.061±0.047 2.21±2.06 0.66±0.28 2.46±1.26 0.32±0.030 unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 19.3±6.6 yrs19.3±6.6 yrs19.3±6.6 yrs19.3±6.6 yrs 2.27±1.04 9.68±3.00 0.019±0.015 0.002±0.001 27.1±24.7 4.91±2.84 1.34±0.67 0.78±0.41 18.8±13.9 0.41±0.088 4.02±1.17 unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, Muscle 17 Kidney 17 KidneyMuscle 71-79 Mattak 71-76 28-65 LiverMuscleKidneyLiver 1 1Muscle 5KidneyLiver 5 4Muscle 6KidneyLiver 6 6Muscle 1 0-1 0-1Liver 2-4 1 1Muktuk 2-4Kidney 2-4Liver 5-15 1 1Muktuk 1 5-15Muscle 5-15 Undeterm. 1 1Liver 1-2 Undeterm.Muktuk Undeterm.MuscleKidney 18-19 17 8 2-4 2-4LiverMuktuk 5-15 5 0.54*/–Muscle 0.03*/– 5-15 5-15 11.63*/1.40 5-15 5 6Liver 6 1.29*/3.56 0.02*/2.56 8.14*/1.50 0.001*/– 0.010*/– 1.28*/1.94 5-15 5-15 1.10*/– 0.37*/– 5-15 0.85*/– 2.12*/2.00 4 0.02*/1.75 16.90*/– 0.014*/– 0.02*/– 0.89*/1.86 0.55*/1.54 0.002*/2.67 15-25 1.34*/2.09 1.87*/1.23 0.00*/– 6.07*/– 15-25 15-25 2.14*/2.70 0.68*/1.62 2.26*/– 0.75*/– 0.001*/1.89 0.004*/3.32 0.32*/– 15-25 1.43*/1.94 0.004*/1.58 0.09*/– unpubl. 0.33*/1.10 R. Wagemann, 2.54*/– 1.98*/1.27 13.42*/– 0.93*/– unpubl. 31.41*/– R. Wagemann, 2.35*/1.68 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 5-15 0.33*/1.08 0.32*/– unpubl. 0.02*/1.45 4.31*/1.67 1.24*/– unpubl. R. Wagemann, R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.00*/1.41 0.003*/1.57 0.002*/2.42 0.01*/– 1.98*/– unpubl. 0.66*/– 0.004*/4.27 R. Wagemann, unpubl. 5.61*/– R. Wagemann, 2.99*/– 0.35*/– 1.09*/1.28 5.65*/1.90 2.11*/– 0.00*/1.35 0.54*/1.24 3.17*/1.51 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 13.7*/– 0.004*/1.69 3.37*/– 0.02*/1.44 0.45*/– unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.44*/– 12.63*/1.59 6.28*/– 0.35*/1.14 3.85*/1.47 0.63*/1.11 8.81*/1.48 4.53*/1.75 14.53*/1.64 unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, 1.18*/1.13 unpubl. unpubl. R. Wagemann, R. Wagemann, 4.26*/1.58 unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, 8.10*/– unpubl. R. Wagemann, 4.86*/1.17 4.13*/1.27 9.33*/2.05 0.41*/1.40 unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, 5.71*/1.35 unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, LiverMuktukMuscleKidney 1 1Liver 1Muscle 1Liver 1 1MuktukMuscleLiver 2 2 >25 >25Liver 2Muktuk Undeterm.Muktuk Undeterm. 1Muscle 1 1 Undeterm.Muscle Undeterm. 0.003*/– 1Kidney 0.036*/– 1Liver 5-15 1 5-15Muktuk 0.002*/– 0.001*/– 1Muscle 5-15 9.28*/– 1 1 5-15 Liver 0.15*/– 5-15 1 5-15 Muscle 5-15 Kidney 0.01*/– 0.002*/2.18 0.008*/1.97Liver 5-15 1.75*/– 0.02*/– 2 0.007*/3.55 2 1.99*/–Muscle 5-15 2Kidney 0.50*/– 15-25 0.00*/1.63 1-2 1.13*/1.22Liver 15-25 2 15-25 0.57*/–Muscle 0.01*/1.25 6 15-25 3.33*/– 1.03*/– 4-5 0.27*/1.60 2.71*/1.43 1.14*/– 6 0.72*/– 0.47*/1.19 5-15 5-15 0.002*/– 0.016*/– 0.44*/– 15-25 0.003***/– 15-25 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 15-25 4.66*/– Undeterm. unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, Undeterm. 0.00*/– 0.96*/– 0.02*/– Undeterm. unpubl. 7.77*/– R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. unpubl. R. Wagemann, R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.86*/– 20.2*/– 1.71*/– 3.98*/– 0.51*/13.7 0.17*/19.1 7.61*/1.20 1.38*/1.41 4.47*/– 4.52*/– 3.86*/2.42 0.31*/– 0.06*/3.96 0.03*/4.59 3.07*/7.96 0.75*/3.02 2.84*/4.59 2.74*/1.42 7.70*/– unpubl. R. Wagemann, 1.14*/2.59 unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, 1.04*/1.36 0.67*/1.56 5.37*/1.80 2.26*/5.46 0.35*/1.04 2.17*/1.25 1.72*/1.59 unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. 1.61*/9.97 R. Wagemann, 1.31*/9.80 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.41*/1.29 2.59*/3.08 unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, ------1994 Kidney 4 5-15 37.16*/1.42 4.27*/1.79 unpubl. R. Wagemann, Jones SoundGrise Fiord 76N 85W 76.58N 83.23W 1984 1984 Liver Kidney 17 1 0-1 2.93*/– 0.32*/– 1.44*/– unpubl. R. Wagemann, Repulse BayIqaluit 66.33N 86.00W 1993 Kidney 62.50N 1 66.00W 1993 Kidney 2-4 19 5-15 35.59*/– 0.96*/– 19.77*/1.50 4.12*/1.58 unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, Paulatuk 69.35N 124.07W 1993 Whitefish StationWest Kidney 69.34N 2 135.75W 1981 Canadian ArcticWestern Kidney 5-15 2 5-15 1993-1994 Liver 71-77 6.44*/1.85 1.92*/1.05 9.62*/1.04 2.40*/1.19 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 2.16*/1.33 unpubl. R. Wagemann, Beluga, white whale Species Location Latitude Longitude Year Tissue n Sex Size/age Lead Cadmium Mercury Selenium Reference ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ------Chapter 7 · Heavy Metals 517 . 1991 . 1991 . 1991 . 1991 . 1991 . 1991 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al 2.20*/1.108.11*/1.4110.7*/1.60 unpubl. M. Kingsley, 0.41*/1.08 unpubl. M. Kingsley, unpubl. M. Kingsley, unpubl. M. Kingsley, 8.870.972.440.53 Bligh and Armstrong 1971 (1) Bligh and Armstrong 1971 (1) Bligh and Armstrong 1971 (1) Bligh and Armstrong 1971 (1) 20.98±13.9 2.44±1.35 2.75±0.88 Wagemann 22.1±13.9 3.11±1.2914.9±2.59 2.53±0.64 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 2.89±2.07 2.73±0.91 Wagemann 0.009±0.0060.008±0.003 6.67±6.11 0.18±0.64 6.64±6.08 0.87±0.57 4.19±2.34 0.49±0.31 Wagemann Wagemann 0.030±0.045 0.044±0.050 0.83±0.55 0.42±0.15 Wagemann 0.009±0.0060.008±0.003 6.27±6.38 0.018±0.640.045±0.043 4.99±4.48 0.98±0.22 5.04±2.64 3.75±1.49 0.32±0.042 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 10.2±12.8 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 4.46±2.13 Wagemann 11.9±6.0 yrs11.9±6.0 yrs11.9±6.0 yrs 6.51±4.88 22.4±13.0 0.079±0.27 8.40±8.25 3.10±1.71 0.94±0.44 5.35±3.18 0.40±0.17 Wagemann Wagemann Wagemann 134-139 135-139 107-138 KidneyMuscle 23 23 LiverMuktukMuscleKidney 2 3Liver 2 2LiverMuscle 2KidneyLiver 3 3Muscle 2-3 15-25 15-25KidneyLiver 15-25 3 3Muscle Undeterm. 9Kidney Undeterm.Liver 10 10 0.002*/2.18 0.027*/3.02Muscle 7 0-1 0.007*/1.63 0-1 2-4Liver 0.028*/1.23 7 7Muktuk 0.00*/1.33 2.55*/1.23 2-4Muscle 2-4 0.02*/1.14Kidney 5-15 1 1 6.71*/1.02Liver 5-15 5-15 0.73*/1.43 1 38.4*/1.73Muktuk 18Muscle 1.33*/1.50 3-17 15-25 20.85*/1.07Kidney 17-18 18 16.2*/1.02 15-25Liver 15-25 4.10*/1.10 33.4*/1.61Muktuk 11 2.56*/1.13 0.30*/1.35Muscle 3-7 2-4 2-4 unpubl. 19.6*/1.39 R. Wagemann, unpubl. 11 R. Wagemann, Muktuk 2-4 unpubl. 11 R. Wagemann, 5-15 0.11*/11.1Muscle 0.01*/1.37 22.34*/1.39 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 5-15 2 5-15 5-15Liver 2 4.94*/2.02Muktuk 0.02*/1.83 0.012*/1.24 1.53*/1.04 21.18*/2.24 0.15*/1.65 15-25 0.001*/–Muscle 3.86*/5.42 15-25 0.018*/– 0.05*/5.75 3 15-25 3 0.002*/1.26Muktuk 17.30*/1.35 1.89*/1.19 0.58*/1.17 15-25 1.01*/1.25 2.56*/1.53 unpubl. 3 R. Wagemann, 0.017*/3.47 0.004*/2.82Muscle 2.37*/1.17 0.39*/1.17 6.63*/1.74 0.06*/1.29 3 3.53*/2.83 5.99*/– 0.83*/1.86Liver unpubl. R. Wagemann, 3.04*/1.23 0.01*/2.78 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.03*/– 3 unpubl. R. Wagemann, Muktuk 3.18*/1.16 0.06*/2.28 5.70*/1.64 0.006*/2.10 0.47*/1.78 2.75*/1.33Muscle 11.8*/1.81 0.012*/1.79 0.00*/– 0.96*/1.38Kidney 2.97*/2.40 7 0.45*/1.70 7 unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.45*/1.28Liver 3.00*/1.22 21.81*/1.68 2.56*/– 7 9.06*/1.48 0.72*/1.27 6.72*/1.84Muktuk 0.57*/– unpubl. R. Wagemann, 3 unpubl. R. Wagemann, Muscle 0.11*/1.63 6.31*/1.28 unpubl. 0.41*/1.09 R. Wagemann, 2.19*/1.64 3 0.41*/– 3 25.33*/1.79 2.85*/1.24 18.7*/1.78 unpubl. 0.41*/1.18 7.37*/1.42 R. Wagemann, 3 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.01*/1.38 1.59*/– 1.26*/1.64 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.43*/– 3.55*/1.74 unpubl. unpubl. R. Wagemann, R. Wagemann, 12.8*/1.51 4.55*/– 0.84*/1.49 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.40*/1.24 unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.03*/2.24 unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, 3.58*/1.21 0.12*/2.01 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 1.13*/1.44 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.00*/1.18 2.36*/1.46 1.83*/1.60 0.01*/1.48 unpubl. R. Wagemann, <0.001*/– 8.16*/1.16 0.29*/1.13 3.05*/1.26 0.04*/2.40 0.40*/1.07 0.51*/1.10 unpubl. M. Kingsley, 0.50*/2.79 0.00*/1.63 unpubl. 5.26*/5.28 M. Kingsley, 1.69*/1.48 0.03*/2.64 0.38*/2.35 8.04*/1.45 5.03*/4.84 0.48*/1.42 1.71*/2.23 unpubl. M. Kingsley, unpubl. M. Kingsley, unpubl. M. Kingsley, unpubl. M. Kingsley, 6.93*/1.60 4.41*/2.53 unpubl. M. Kingsley, 0.36*/1.15 unpubl. M. Kingsley, unpubl. M. Kingsley, unpubl. M. Kingsley, Muscle 15 Muscle 11 Kidney 11 Kidney 15 Kidney Muscle MuscleKidney 1 1 MuktukMuscleKidney 2Liver 4Muktuk 3Muscle 1 3 4 5-15 5-15 15-25 15-25 15-25 15-25 0.003*/1.23 0.002*/3.16 0.01*/2.17 0.02*/– 0.003*/3.77 0.03*/1.65 0.002*/2.07 0.60*/1.14 12.32*/1.43 0.06*/2.19 1.19*/1.27 0.01*/– 36.05*/1.61 22.4*/1.41 7.02*/1.42 1.58*/1.32 0.42*/1.23 5.44*/1.32 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.86*/– 11.8*/1.57 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.45*/1.16 unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, 5.50*/– unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, 1994 Kidney 31994 Kidney 5 7.97*/1.45 1.26*/1.73 15.75*/5.44 2.11*/3.08 unpubl. 2.35*/1.37 M. Kingsley, unpubl. M. Kingsley, 1971 Muscle 43 Shingle Point 69N 135W 1993 Kidney 3 15-25 10.91*/1.54 4.82*/1.21Eastern Canadian Arctic unpubl. R. Wagemann, 1984-1994 Liver Eskimo Point (Arviat) 61.10N 93.96W 1984 KidneySanikiluaq (Belcher Islands) 3-4 56.53N 79.23W 1994 0-1 KidneyUmiujaq 1Great Whale (Kuujjuarpik) 2-4 56.56N 55.25N 0.42*/23.4 76.56W 77.45W 1993 1993 0.41*/2.00 Liver Liver 1.27*/1.51 2 2 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 25.83*/– 1.32*/– unpubl. R. Wagemann, 16.39*/1.25 5.07*/4.23 17.6*/1.30 51.3*/2.52 7.06*/1.43 10.4*/3.45 unpubl. M. Kingsley, unpubl. M. Kingsley, Western Hudson BayWestern 59N 94W 1984 Liver 23 Hudson BayEastern Hudson Bay 59N 59N 85W 80W 1969 1984 Liver Liver 1 15 Cumberland Sound 65N 65W 1984 Liver 11 518 AMAP Assessment Report . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1990 (3) . 1990 (3) . 1990 (3) et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al 2.2110.30.03 1.77 1.29 0.51 3.70 2.22 <0.20 Hansen Hansen Hansen Metals, µg/g ww (unless otherwise indicated; see footnotes) ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 7-13 yrs7-13 yrs7-13 yrs14+ yrs14+ yrs14+ yrsUndeterm.Undeterm.Undeterm. 2.22 10.7 0.042 3.28*/1.50 8.21*/1.70 4.23 0.021*/2.29 5.03 7.04 16.9*/1.64 4.33 0.026 1.73 4.77*/2.20 1.46*/1.14 12.03*/1.78 20.7 2.10*/2.22 5.71 3.55 <0.20*/1.66 Dietz 1.60 3.87 <0.20 Dietz Dietz Dietz 0.75 Dietz Dietz 4.24 <0.20 Dietz Dietz Dietz 0-6 yrs0-6 yrs0-6 yrs7-13 yrs7-13 yrs7-13 yrs14+ yrs14+ yrs14+ yrsUndeterm.Undeterm.Undeterm. 0.845*/4.76 5.23*/7.90 <0.015 2.70*/1.80 0.799*/2.22 12.4*/1.62 0.035*/2.10 0.442*/4.98 3.61*/1.32 2.38*/1.60 2.02*/1.80 16.8*/1.23 0.343*/1.69 1.44*/1.80 0.281*/5.87 0.281*/23.3 0.031*/1.47 1.96*/1.74 0.658*/48.4 Dietz 3.37*/1.18 0.019*/2.23 4.99*/1.24 <0.20 Dietz 1.84*/1.34 0.691*/4.26 2.43*/1.27 0.173*/3.89 <0.20 0.180*/5.44 Dietz 0.162*/1.93 3.57*/1.16 Dietz 1.89*/3.01 2.07*/1.10 0.22*/1.98 Dietz 0.61*/2.05 Dietz Dietz 0.20*/1.89 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Undeterm.Undeterm.Undeterm. 4080 11500 0.028 29.8 2.39 0.857 27.8 2.83 0.41 Dietz Dietz Dietz ~15 yrs~15 yrs~15 yrs 0.016±0.025 0.012±0.039 0.008±0.038 Wagemann Wagemann Wagemann 18.1±9.1 yrs18.1±9.1 yrs18.1±9.1 yrs 0.159±0.170 0.152±0.103 0.104±0..126 33.6±43.0 6.37±9.16 2.46±1.46 Wagemann Wagemann Wagemann 13.5±4.9 yrs13.5±4.9 yrs11.9±6.0 yrs 0.009±0.011 0.59±0.22 3.73±1.95 1.04±0.43 4.75±1.43 Wagemann Wagemann Wagemann 13.5±4.9 yrs 10.2±8.00 Wagemann 10.2±6.6 yrs10.2±6.6 yrs 2.38±1.59 0.82±0.46 Wagemann Wagemann 10.2±6.6 yrs 6.1±8.37 Wagemann LiverMuktukMuscle 3 3Kidney 3LiverMuscle 55 38 58LiverMuscle * * 9-18Liver * 9Muktuk 375 cmMuscle 16 15-16 16 376 cm 375 cmLiverMuktuk 0.003*/1.47 0.005*/1.54Muscle 0.016*/1.48 381 cm 0.002*/4.84 5 5 0.025*/1.66Liver 4-5 0.007*/1.63 381 cm 0.02*/3.27Muktuk 47.72*/2.96 46.89*/2.41Muscle 393 cm 0.30*/5.18 393 cm 393 cm 14 0.031*/1.69 13-14 14 19.52*/3.34 0.11*/3.08 7.43*/2.50 0.47*/1.17 0.003*/1.90 1.41*/1.80 0.92*/1.33 5.20*/2.07 34.98*/2.35 0.003*/1.64 0.001*/2.66 0.03*/1.55 0.79*/1.47 3.77*/1.27 0.16*/2.41 3.55*/1.26 2.98*/1.30 3.79*/2.70 0.33*/1.10 0.01*/1.59 3.60*/1.92 0.14*/2.42 455 cm unpubl. R. Wagemann, 455 cm 455 cm unpubl. R. Wagemann, 24.55*/2.02 unpubl. 0.43*/1.23 R. Wagemann, 0.82*/1.33 unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, 4.74*/1.77 0.62*/1.53 1.09*/1.43 11.1*/2.31 0.003*/1.73 0.003*/3.23 0.003*/2.82 0.001*/2.52 0.023*/1.41 0.024*/1.51 0.36*/1.10 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.01*/2.90 3.57*/1.46 11.12*/2.80 0.41*/1.11 7.76*/2.02 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.10*/4.24 0.01*/1.50 0.15*/1.70 14.08*/1.53 unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. unpubl. R. Wagemann, R. Wagemann, 6.72*/3.59 0.46*/1.66 8.25*/1.65 0.91*/1.67 0.66*/1.12 1.22*/1.27 6.04*/2.05 3.91*/2.15 7.23*/1.77 0.38*/1.06 4.43*/1.66 0.44*/1.17 unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, KidneyMuscleLiver 1 Kidney 1 MuscleLiver 4 3 Kidney 4 Muscle 1 1 1 KidneyMuscle 13-15 LiverKidney 17 MuscleLiver 12 12 Kidney 11 MuscleLiver 2 2 Kidney 3 Muscle 3-4 3 3 KidneyMuscle 1 1 KidneyMuscle 37 41 MuscleMattak 212 60 KidneyMuscle 30-34 9-34 KidneyMuscle 71-79 Mattak 74-79 44-45 KidneyMuscle 64.00 64.00 ------19821992 Kidney Kidney 18-241994 9 Kidney 16 381 cm 381 cm 393 cm 45.69*/3.59 69.77*/1.65 1.43*/1.80 51.42*/1.54 2.87*/1.31 1.92*/2.13 unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, 1993-1994 Liver 73-79 Pond Inlet 72.78N 77WClyde River 1978Broughton Island Blubber 45-49 70.47N 67.55N 68.60W 64.03W 1993 378 cm 1993 Kidney Kidney 0.009*/2.02 5 14 0.04*/2.51 0.021*/2.07 455 cm 0.05*/2.36 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 31.31*/1.26 34.34*/1.67 1.71*/1.59 1.48*/1.80 unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, Kangaatsiaq 68.3N 53.5W 1986 Liver 1 Upernavik 74N 57W 1985 Liver 16 Avanersuaq 77.5N 70W 1984 Liver 1 West GreenlandWest 74N 57W 1980-1985 Liver 40 Canadian Arctic 1984-1994 Liver 215 St. Lawrence 49N 68.5W 1982-1987 Liver 30-34 ) Monodon monoceros Narwhal( Grise Fiord 76.58N 83.23W 1993 Kidney 3 * 64.71*/1.59 1.34*/1.52 unpubl. R. Wagemann, Beluga, white whale 1984 Liver 64-66 Species Location Latitude Longitude Year Tissue n Sex Size/age Lead Cadmium Mercury Selenium Reference ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ------Chapter 7 · Heavy Metals 519 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1996 . 1983, 1996 . 1983, 1996 . 1983, 1996 . 1983, 1996 . 1987 . 1987 . 1987 . 1987 . 1987 (2) . 1987 (2) . 1987 (2) . 1987 (2) . 1987 (2) . 1987 (2) . 1994 . 1994 . 1994 . 1994 . 1990 (3) . 1990 (3) . 1990 (3) et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1997b . 1988 (1) . 1988 (1) . 1988 (1) . 1988 (1) . 1988 (1) . 1988 (1) . 1988 (1) . 1988 (1) et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al Wagemann and Muir 1984) Wagemann Fallis, unpubl., (cited by 12.±36.2±2.61.1±0.90.8±0.4 280.±100 18.±6 3.3±1.7 0.70±0.28 172.±10 1.3±0.8 0.25±0.11 0.12±0.08 Julshamn Julshamn Julshamn Julshamn 39.10.11 1.22 0.75 2.70 0.25 Hansen Hansen 10.8 5.26 3.14 Hansen 0.016±0.014 0.05±0.05 0.03±0.01 0.07±0.06 Wagemann AllAllAllAll 86.±49 41.±32 93.±45 77.±35 56.±83 5.7±3.8 20.±25 4.5±1.6 Caurant Caurant Caurant Caurant AllAllAll 33.2*/3.25 69.1*/1.40 0.344*/1.75 38.7*/3.33 3.10*/2.49 1.26*/0.851 12.1*/2.41 3.26*/1.48 0.346*/1.80 Julshamn Julshamn Julshamn 1-17 yrs1-17 yrs1-17 yrs1-17 yrs 0.090±0.050 0.048±0.022 0.012±0.009 0.010±0.01 11.8±9.50 28.9±23.5 0.024±0.021 0.03±0.03 17.4±24.3 2.16±2.70 0.823±0.538 0.13±0.17 8.70±8.56 0.873±0.618 4.215±1.719 Muir Muir Muir 0.59±0.26 Muir Undeterm.Undeterm.Undeterm. 0.038±0.019 0.011±0.005 0.010±0.01 37.5±24.6 0.052±0.300 0.03±0.02 2.47±1.80 0.890±0.416 0.15±0.14 0.333±0.096 3.54±1.15 Muir 0.49±0.37 Muir Muir Undeterm. 0.141±0.112 19.7±12.6 27.9±26.1 13.4±12.9 Muir Undeterm.Undeterm.Undeterm. 17.6*/1.37 38.4*/1.19 0.308*/1.69 5.20*/1.56 1.34*/1.54 0.912*/1.20 2.75*/1.31 2.10*/1.12 0.26*/1.18 Dietz Dietz Dietz AdultsAdultsAdults 28.1 86.4 41.1 0.607 1.04 31.50 0.32 Dietz Dietz Dietz YearlingYearlingYearlingJuvenileJuvenileJuvenileMatureMatureMatureAdultsAdultsAdultsUndeterm. 0.042*/2.49Undeterm. 0.100*/4.09Undeterm. 0.022*/2.94 0.655*/2.37 4.71*/1.97 0.177*/1.26 28.267*/1.739 0.149*/2.06 0.084*/1.703 0.324*/2.29 14.2*/1.69 0.34*/2.02 0.592*/21.4 54.3*/1.43 0.74*/1.31 0.076*/19.5 0.204*/2.021 <0.20 Dietz 1.99*/1.20 13.0*/1.72 Dietz 1.26*/13.3 2.16*/2.68 40.6*/1.73 0.447*/4.34 0.137*/11.8 0.22*/1.73 3.26*/12.8 0.134*/2.85 Dietz 13.3*/12.7 Dietz Dietz 0.076*/3.71 6.71*/2.97 Dietz 3.36*/2.30 1.98*/1.39 0.21*/1.53 1.41*/2.37 3.85*/3.76 0.563*/5.92 0.835*/3.18 Dietz 0.484*/3.65 Dietz Dietz 4.03*/2.33 3.21*/1.36 0.28*/1.52 3.37*/3.08 2.34*/1.65 Dietz <0.20 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz 420±57 cm420±57 cm420±57 cm 0.026±0.018420±57 cm 0.008±0.002 0.002±0.002 29.7±25.4 0.21±0.19 0.018±0.013 10.8±8.05 54.1±24.1 1.03±0.37 0.59±0.18 7.35±4.37 1.93±1.12 0.40±0.43 5.05±2.38 Wagemann Wagemann Wagemann Wagemann 376±47 cm376±47 cm376±47 cm 0.028±0.012 0.018±0.009 0.009±0.006 32.0±33.2 63.5±41.0 0.19±0.22 6.10±3.13 1.71±1.01 0.85±0.28 4.06±1.84 3.15±0.85 0.44±0.10 Wagemann Wagemann Wagemann LiverKidneyLiver 52 23 28 KidneyMuscleBlubber 6 10 9 KidneyMuscleLiver 2Kidney 2Muscle 14 10 18 Fetus Fetus 0.669 0.214 0.286 0.339 0.306 0.039 Julshamn Julshamn KidneyMuscleBlubber 26 26 26 MuscleBlubber 15 14 KidneyMuscle 4 4 KidneyMuscle 1 1 KidneyMuscleLiver 7-8 Kidney 5 Muscle 5.00 4-5 LiverKidney 4-5 Muscle 5-8 Liver 8 Kidney 5-8 18-42 Muscle 41-44 Liver 18-41 Kidney 11-22 Muscle 23-25 13-24 KidneyMuscle 94 85 KidneyMuscle 26-55 Mattak 26-56 26-48 KidneyMuscleBlubber 56-58 54 44 MuscleBlubber 27 11 0.05±0.07 0.27±0.78 0.24±0.24 0.04±0.03 LiverMuktukMuscle 4-5 4Liver 3-4MuktukMuscle 5 4Muscle 5Kidney 393 cmBlubber 6 398 cm 398 cm 6 6 0.001*/4.01 350 cm 367 cm 0.015*/3.53 0.005*/1.46 350 cm 0.03*/2.36 19.53*/3.53 0.003*/1.44 0.20*/2.63 0.012*/3.51 0.005*/1.88 0.42*/1.20 4.01*/5.83 0.02*/2.67 22.84*/2.08 0.62*/1.26 0.11*/2.38 8.92*/1.21 0.11±0.06 2.50*/7.59 3.63*/2.94 0.40*/1.74 0.21±0.27 0.41*/1.13 0.31±0.34 0.71*/1.48 unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.11±0.11 3.62*/2.08 6.33*/1.72 30.5±21.4 0.02±0.02 0.36*/1.10 unpubl. R. Wagemann, unpubl. R. Wagemann, 0.84±0.32 unpubl. R. Wagemann, 1.18±0.57 <0.01 0.37±0.09 2.59±0.49 and Muir 1984) Wagemann 0.03±0.04 Fallis, unpubl. (cited by and Muir 1984) Wagemann 1978 Liver 2 Fetus 0.115 0.93 0.163 Julshamn 1986 Kidney 43 1979 Liver 37-56 Faeroe Islands 62N 70W 1977 Liver 8 Point Leamington 47.20N 55.24W Liver 26 Uummannaq 71.50N 52.50W 1985 Liver 4 Upernavik 74N 57W 1985 Liver 1 Avanersuaq 77.5N 70W 1985 Liver 5-8 West GreenlandWest 77.5N 70W 1980 Liver 90 Admiralty Inlet 72.5N 86W 1975 Liver 26 0.11±0.13 30.4±25.7 Eastern Canadian Arctic 1984-1994 Liver 26-55 IqaluitPond Inlet 62.50N 66.00W 72.78N 1994 77W Kidney 1977 4 Liver 6 367 cm 0.17±0.13 49.49*/1.63 1.29*/2.24 7.76±6.63 5.98±3.13 5.54±4.65 unpubl. R. Wagemann, Fallis, unpubl. (cited by Repulse Bay 66.53N 86.25W 1993 Kidney 4 398 cm 74.66*/1.61 1.23*/1.41 unpubl. R. Wagemann, ) Grand Beach Kidney 15 Globicephala melaena ( Pilot whale Newfoundland, Canada 47.08N 55.24W 1980 Liver 13 520 AMAP Assessment Report . 1993, et al . 1986 . 1994 . 1994 . 1994 . 1994 . 1994 . 1991 . 1993 . 1993 . 1993 . 1993 . 1993 . 1993 . 1993 . 1993 . 1993 . 1993 . 1993 . 1993 . 1993 . 1993 . 1993 . 1993 . 1993 . 1993 . 1993 . 1993 et al . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1997b (2) . 1988 . 1988 . 1988 et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al Braune Metals, µg/g ww (unless otherwise indicated; see footnotes) ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 7 yrs7 yrs7 yrs7 yrs 4.99*/1.65 16.5*/1.58 0.107*/1.80 0.007*/2.30 8.21*/2.012 1.29*/1.39 0.669*/1.37 0.787*/1.46 4.34*/1.68 6.30*/1.45 0.50*/1.41 Dietz 47.9*/1.23 Dietz Dietz Dietz 2-5 yrs2-5 yrs>5 yrs>5 yrs 22.4±22.0 0.15±0.009 38.1±20.1 0.19±0.010 Lentfer and Galster 1987 Lentfer and Galster 1987 Lentfer and Galster 1987 Lentfer and Galster 1987 2-5 yrs>5 yrs>5 yrs 0.04±0.014 4.80±1.461 0.04±0.026 Lentfer and Galster 1987 Lentfer and Galster 1987 Lentfer and Galster 1987 2-5 yrs 3.92±1.276 Lentfer and Galster 1987 2-6 yrs 0.126±0.133 2.97±2.07 0.229±0.085 1.28±0.996 Muir 2-6 yrs 0.066±0.061 0.025±0.019 0.45±0.115 0.527±0.246 Muir 2-6 yrs 0.147±0.089 5.52±0.068 0.831±0.366 2.26±0.593 Muir 6-8 yrs 2.20 3.70 Teigen 6-8 yrs 4.20 4.50 Teigen 6-8 yrs 1.06±0.78 3.50±0.83 Teigen 6-8 yrs 5.42±5.36 4.81±3.20 Teigen 4-5 yrs 0.99±0.37 4.83±1.22 Teigen 4-5 yrs 4.90±2.45 3.90±1.57 Teigen 4-5 yrs 0.78±0,39 4.32±1.34 Teigen 4-5 yrs 5.02±3.03 4.70±1.77 Teigen 3 yrs 1.00±0.58 4.40±1.54 Teigen 3 yrs 4.62±6.19 4.36±4.84 Teigen 3 yrs 0.86±0.66 3.95±1.51 Teigen 3 yrs 3.42±2.74 3.52±2.45 Teigen 2 yrs 1.00±1.00 4.01±1.55 Teigen 2 yrs 1.85±1.35 2.41±0.81 Teigen 2 yrs 0.71±0.23 3.92±0.83 Teigen 2 yrs 2.32±1.73 2.41±0.91 Teigen <2 yrs 0.51±0.28 2.86±1.18 Teigen <2 yrs 0.84±0.45 1.58±0.30 Teigen <2 yrs 0.48±0.25 2.84±1.59 Teigen AllAllAll<1 yr<1 yr<1 yr<1 yr1 yr1 yr1 yr1 yr2-4 yrs2-4 yrs2-4 yrs2-4 yrs 13.22*/3.124-6 yrs 0.053*/2.574-6 yrs 0.007*/2.13 0.1614-6 yrs 0.923*/1.69 0.1144-6 yrs 0.493*/1.75 0.013*/1.64≥ 0.488*/1.77 0.004*/2.04≥ 5.79*/1.48 1.32*/1.22≥ 0.167*/2.17 0.54*/1.46 6.90*/1.86 0.737≥ 0.124*/1.14 28.6*/2.25 0.020*/1.95 0.185 Dietz 3.18*/1.48 0.004*/1.95 Dietz 1.34*/1.29 11.9 0.59*/1.88 Dietz 0.499*/1.77 0.035*/1.44 4.03*/1.83 0.321*/1.67 0.005*/1.93 0.339*/1.28 Dietz 2.37*/1.35 1.02 4.11*/1.62 1.38*/1.12 Dietz 3.97 5.04*/1.10 20.3*/1.77 0.486*/1.22 0.50*/1.41 0.096*/1.82 0.497*/1.27 18.4*/1.21 Dietz 0.749 0.012*/1.70 1.99*/1.28 Dietz 6.01*/1.79 Dietz 0.51*/1.32 1.02*/1.24 Dietz Dietz 0.657*/1.21 38.5*/1.37 Dietz Dietz 0.594*/1.274 Dietz 3.17*/1.46 Dietz 5.77*/1.63 0.55*/1.42 6.25 33.3*/1.98 Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz All 3.25*/2.51 4.33*/2.46 2.77*/1.82 Paludan-Müller <2 yrs 1.28 ±1.34 1.76±0.86 Teigen AllAllAllAll 57.±29 91.±61 33.±19 55.±20 62.±57 84.±92 4.9±3.8 16.5±14.6 23.±24 Caurant 3.1±1.1 Caurant Caurant Caurant All 80.±29 52.±38 13.6±8.9 Caurant 6.9 yrs # 0.528±0.587 53.0±24.9 23.4±9.23 Norstrom MuscleLiverMuscle 11 22 15 LiverMuscle 16 9 Muscle 4 Muscle 26-27 Kidney 1 Liver 1 Kidney 11 Liver 11 Kidney 3 Liver 3 Kidney 9 Liver 9 Kidney 6 Liver 6 Kidney 10 Liver 10 Kidney 16 Liver 16 Kidney 7 Liver 7 Kidney 10 Liver 10 Kidney 19 MuscleSkinLiver 77 KidneyMuscle 34 Skin 2 1 Liver 7 KidneyMuscle 4-5 3 Skin 3 Liver 12 KidneyMuscle 5 Skin 9 2 Liver 15 KidneyMuscle 8 Skin 12 12 Liver 22 KidneyMuscle 10 Skin 13 8 18 8 LiverLiverLiverKidney 22 41 40 31 ------1987 Liver 11 69N 130W 1982 Liver 7 Western Beaufort Sea, AlaskaWestern 72N 155W 1972 Liver 19 Port aux Basques Kidney 25 Norwegian waters 1989-1990 Liver 19 Eastern Beaufort Sea (H1), Canada ) (Sukkertoppen) Kidney 26 ) ) Ursus maritimus Lagenorhynchus Phocoena phocoena ( albirostris Polar bear Chukchi Sea, Alaska 70N 165W 1972 Liver 12 ( White-beaked dolphin Newfoundland, Canada 47.30N 60.45W 1982 Liver 26-27 ( Harbour porpoise Maniitsoq, Greenland 65.42N 52.90W 1988-1989 Liver 43-44 Pilot whale Species Location Latitude Longitude Year Tissue n Sex Size/age Lead Cadmium Mercury Selenium Reference ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ------Chapter 7 · Heavy Metals 521 . 1991 . 1991 . 1991 . 1991 . 1991 et al et al et al et al et al . 1 . 1992 . 1992 . 1992 . 1986, Braune . 1986, Braune . 1986, Braune . 1986, Braune . 1986, Braune . 1991 (1) . 1991 (1) . 1991 (1) . 1991 . 1991 . 1991 . 1997a, 1997b . 1997a, 1997b . 1997a, 1997b . 1997a, 1997b . 1997a, 1997b . 1997a, 1997b . 1997a, 1997b . 1997a, 1997b . 1997a, 1997b . 1997a, 1997b . 1997a, 1997b . 1997a, 1997b . 1997a, 1997b . 1991 . 1991 . 1991 . 1991 . 1991 . 1991 . 1991 . 1991 et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al Dietz Dietz Dietz Dietz Born and Dietz, unpubl., cited in Born and Dietz, unpubl., cited in Born and Dietz, unpubl., cited in Born and Dietz, unpubl., cited in Norstrom Norstrom Norstrom Norstrom Norstrom 4.01.61.7 Born Renzoni and Norstrom 1990 ¤ Renzoni and Norstrom 1990 ¤ 3.0 Renzoni and Norstrom 1990 ¤ ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 7 yrs7 yrs7 yrs 0.812*/3.20 18.6*/3.45 0.023*/3.47 10.3*/2.08 23.2*/2.28 0.078*/1.66 4.00*/1.98 6.18*/2.30 <0.20 Dietz Dietz Dietz 7 yrs 0.024*/2.17 0.057*/1.06 0.42*/1.17 7 yrs7 yrs 1.67*/1.39 19.7*/1.51 21.6*/1.26 20.9*/2.22 9.09*/1.31 11.6*/1.73 <2 yrs<2 yrs>2 yrs>2 yrs <0.5 1.0 ± 0.8 0.5 ± 0.5 0.6 ± 0.5 3.8 ± 2.8 0.3 ± 0.2 0.6 ± 0.3 8.1 ± 7.2 1.9 ± 1.3 1.9 ± 1.3 2.6 ± 2.0 4.9 ± 6.6 2.5 ± 0.8 2.0 ± 0.5 2.4 ± 0.9 4.6 ± 3.3 Norheim Norheim Norheim Norheim 6.9 yrs #6.9 yrs #6.9 yrs # 1.23 9.62 6.51 4.21 3.85 Dietz and Born, unpubl. Dietz and Born, unpubl. Dietz and Born, unpubl. >2 yrs 4.62*/1.36 Born 1 yr1 yr2-6 yrs2-6 yrs2-6 yrs≥ ≥ ≥ 2.16*/1.92 0.651*/2.72 <0.020 8.22*/2.37 <0.020 3.10±1.32 7.16*/1.51 11.3*/1.74 0.100 2.34*/1.70 3.11*/1.35 0.080*/1.63 5.98*/1.57 Dietz Dietz 0.29*/1.41 Dietz Dietz Dietz 1 yr 0.287*/1.55 2.30±1.02 1.20*/1.54 Dietz ≥ ≥ ≥ 2-6 yrs2-6 yrs 14.3*/1.83 <0.020 10.8*/2.33 0.056*/3.07 7.21*/1.63 0.43*/1.28 1 yr2-6 yrs 1.46*/1.82 <0.020 12.6*/1.60 0.068*/1.86 5.87*/1.50 0.30*/1.72 >2 yrs6.9 yrs #6.9 yrs #1 yr1 yr 1.75 0.315*/1.38 5.86*/3.54 2.53*/1.49 17.8 8.38*/1.31 8.69 4.71*/5.65 1.29*/1.31 4.27*/2.87 7.66 Born Dietz and Born, unpubl. Dietz and Born, unpubl. Yearling 9.51 Born 6.9 yrs # 1.21±0.457 16.7±7.69 6.07±2.60 Braune 6.9 yrs # 1.40±0.727 6.72±5.96 2.98±2.30 Braune Subadult & Adult6.9 yrs # 0.952±0.422 13.2±7.98 4.92±0.63 4.41±2.60 Braune Eaton and Farant 1982 Subadult & Adult 3.53±0.77 Eaton and Farant 1982 Subadult & Adult6.9 yrs #Subadult & Adult6.9 yrs # 1.09±0.534 2.54±1.00 6.54±6.47 1.18±0.43 1.54±1.75 6.93±1.80 25.1±9.10 Braune Eaton and Farant 1982 7.93±2.95 Braune Eaton and Farant 1982 Subadult & Adult6.9 yrs # 0.371±0.397 35.9±17.2 18.5±14.5 11.8±5.70 Eaton and Farant 1982 Subadult & Adult6.9 yrs # 0.780±0.417 22.0±10.2 7.85±4.49 8.19±3.55 Eaton and Farant 1982 6.9 yrs #6.9 yrs #6.9 yrs #Subadult & Adult6.9 yrs # 0.213±.201 0.18±0.172 0.659±0.366 71.1±15.8 18.3±8.04 23.2±9.48 0.877±0.403 6.59±1.72 22.5±5.12 7.32±2.87 6.01±4.96 7.93±3.12 1.27±1.34 Braune Eaton and Farant 1982 JuvenileAdultJuvenileAdult 2.57 3.12 3.11 2.97 Renzoni and Norstrom 1990 (1) Renzoni and Norstrom 1990 (1) Renzoni and Norstrom 1990 (1) Renzoni and Norstrom 1990 (1) AllAll 8.99 10.2 Renzoni and Norstrom 1990 (1) Renzoni and Norstrom 1990 (1) eight basis not given. ¤ Values read from histogram. eight basis not given. ¤ Values . Concentrations given as geometric mean. 3. median. KidneyLiverKidney 3 16 7 HairHair 1 29 Yearling >2 yrs 1.04 1.98*/1.49 Born Born Liver 53 Hair 4 Hair 37 MuscleLiverKidney 1 MuscleLiver 28 28 Kidney 21 Muscle 21 21 10 Muscle 8 LiverKidney 8 8 KidneyMuscle 31 33 MuscleLiver 4 28 Liver 40 HairKidney 24 4 HairHairHair 12 4 20 Hair 20 1988 Hair 31 1973-1991 Hair 147 1984-1989 Hair 3 Yearling 1.81*/1.11 Born 1988-1990 Liver 4 1984 Liver 10 19841988 Liver Hair 10 1984 6 Liver 8 1982 Hair 35 1982 Liver 8 1982 Liver 22 1980 Hair 7 Svalbard RussiaLena River, IslandWrangel 73N 71N 128E 180 1984-1986 Hair 1976-1980 1980 Hair 3 Hair 10 1 Cub 0.34 Born AmmassalikSvalbard, Norway 78N 65.35N 38.00W 14E 1989 1978-1989 Hair Liver 4 6 >2 yrs 4.21*/1.310 Dietz and Born, unpubl. (Scoresby Sound) Kidney 3 Ittoqqortoormiit 70.48N 21.97W 1984-1990 Liver 4 (Thule) Hair 21 Avanersuaq, GreenlandAvanersuaq, 77.5N 70W 1978-1989 Hair 1 Cape Mercy (D3) 64.88N 63.53W 1984 Liver 11 Cumberland Peninsula (D2) 66N 63W 1984 Liver 9 Clyde River (D1) 70.47N 68.6W 1980 Hair 9 Southern Baffin Island 68N 75W 1977 Hair 13 Western Hudson BayWestern Southern Hudson Bay (A1) 55.1N 60N 85WNorthern Baffin Island (F2) 93W 68N 1980 1988 Hair 75W Hair 41 1980 42 Hair 27 Amundsen Gulf (H2) 70N 115W 1977 Hair 5 SW. Melville Island (G)SW. Island, E1)Hadley Bay (Victoria 73NSpence Bay (E2)Cornwallis Island (F1, F) 76N 109WNorthern Hudson Bay (C) 74N 110W 1982 69N 63N 88W 1982 Liver 102W 85W Liver 1977 7 1982 1984 Hair 8 Liver Liver 7 14 10 */ Concentrations given as geometric mean */ relative standard deviation. 1. arithmetic mean. 2 ($) Concentrations given in µg/g dry weight. # adjusted to mean age through regressions. * measure of w ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 522 AMAP Assessment Report Concentration (water concentrations, µg/L; otherwise, mg/kg) –– 0.001– 0.001 0.02– 0.8 0.02 0.05– 0.07 3.5 0.06 0.20 – 0.45 0.06 11 0.25 – 0.007 6.1 0.11 32 – 0.12 0.07 25 0.35 – 0.008 2.5 0.14 67 – 0.17 0.06 9.4 0.7 – 0.002 1.1 0.09 16 – 0.04 0.003 12 0.31 0.05 0.05 0.001 22 0.02 0.06 0.30 0.05 0.39 0.28 ...... ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– SedimentsHydric SoilsPeatSusp. matterSedimentsHydric soils 1Peat 1 7Susp. matterSediments 1 5Hydric soils 7Peat 0.02 0.02Susp. matter 1Sediments 9 8.5Hydric soils 0.02 1Peat 19 1 26 0.05 0.08 5 1 20 0.06 8 8 6.4 0.07 0.05 0.07 21 25Susp. matter 1.9 2.3Sediments 7 8.3Hydric soils 0.11 0.06Peat 23 35 34 51 1.6 0.12 0.15 123 186 4 3.7 6.8 42 6 8 8.1 3.2 0.16 224 457 29 82Susp. matter 3.0 1.8 4.1Sediments 375 477 7 6.4Hydric soils 1.8 1.9 103Peat 13 15 8.5 2.6 6.5 310 154 114 226 5Susp. matter 15 18 2.2 Sediments 24 370 220 6Hydric soils 6 6.5Peat 287 314 45 56 27 5.3 410 1 650 870 7 2.5 11 4.2 1 1 14 64 62 9.6 440 220 156 288 13 Susp. matter 1 17 335 0.04 560 Sediments 4.2Hydric soils 0.03 0.03 33 274Peat 430 41 310 720 920 1 0.05 0.04 27 38 1 1 0.07 0.07 878 170 65 97 650 664 1 0.01 1.6 0.06 110 154 0.01 0.02 2.0 2.3 442 545 870 0.06 0.01 1.9 3.1 950 0.06 95 0.06 4.4 5.3 130 186 1.5 0.04 10 1.9 210 2.0 2.2 3.1 3.2 1.7 3.1 2.3 3.6 4.0 7.8 1.7 3.1 2.8 3.0 Susp. matterSedimentsHydric SoilsPeat 1 1 1 <0.01 1 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.07 1.5 0.06Susp. matter 1.8 2.1SedimentsHydric soilsPeat 2.4 1.5 1 3.3 6.4 1 1 15 1.4 Susp. matterSediments <0.01 1Hydric soils 1.7 1.6 Peat 0.01 0.02 1 1.9 0.06 0.01 1 2 0.06 0.06 1 0.06 2.0 0.05 0.07 0.08 2.2 2.6Susp. matterSediments 0.08 0.05Hydric soilsPeat 2.8 1.9 0.15 0.17 3.7 1 7.5 3 2.4 3 0.10 19 1.7 3.1 3.9 4 2.6 0.05 4.2 2.9 0.08 0.08 9.6 12 16 |3.6 0.07 0.07 34 0.12 0.10 2.5 4.2 5.0 3.1 0.13 4.2 4.0 6.6 3.5 5.1 10 14 18 2.2 5.1 7.8 4.3 ------. submitted). et al r. More-Yu, mouth More-Yu, r. townVorkuta 67°29'09''N 64°00'ECape Nemetsky Nickel town August 1992 69°17'N Water 30°15'ESettl. Yamburg Susp. matter August 1992 5 Water 1Settl. Samburg <0.01 5 mouth 0.06 1.6(south coast) 2.6 1.6 Pen. Kanin Nos 68°20'46''N 59°45'27''E August 1992 Water 1 Pen. Tazovsky 68°00'N 74°53'43''ER. Pur July 1992 67°00'40''N Water 78°13'42''E August 1992 4 Lake Taimyr Water 74°31'14''N 102°00'E 5 August 1990 Water 1 Metals in selected Russian wetlands (all data from Zhulidov RegionRussian plain Pen. Kanin Nos Location 68°39'45''N 43°18'7''E Latitude August 1992 LongitudeKola Peninsula Pen. Rybachiy Time Water 69°58'N SiberiaWest 31°57'E 1 Compartment Pen. Yamal June-July 1991 n 72°53'12''N SiberiaWest Water 71°36'13''E Hg R. Ob August 1989 1 Cd WaterCentral Yakutia 66°32'15''N R. Ukhanku 67°46'28''E PbCentral Siberia August 1992 1 67°03'00''N R. Faddeya 122°37'32''E Zn Water July 1990 76°33'30''N 106°27'16''E Cu August 1990 Water 1 Water 1 1 (tundra andforest tundra) Cape Laydenny (tundra) Cape Hesal (forest tundra) Settl. Aksarka (Arctic desert) mouth ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ------––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Table 7·A16. Table Chapter 7 · Heavy Metals 523 0.09 2.3 4.3 2.1 –– 0.003 0.03 0.008 0.07 0.07 0.12 0.43 0.60 – 1.8 8.3 63 95 . . . . ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– SedimentsHydric soilsPeatSedimentsHydric soils 1Peat 1 1 1 1 0.06 0.05 1 0.04 0.04 0.08Hydric soils 0.12Peat 0.10 0.05Peat 0.07 0.12 0.17 2Sediments 2.9 3.6Hydric soilsPeat 0.06 2 4.1 2.9 3.5 0.11Hydric soils 2 12 8.5 2Peat 2 4.2 0.06 18 3 12 8.3 0.21 1 0.07 5.2 0.15 0.19 6.4 15 0.12 1 0.11 7.6 5.1 4.7 0.17 6.4 0.06 0.13 0.16 3.5 11 0.10 0.08 27 0.27 3.3 3.7 4.5 35 0.09 3.3 6.2 16 23 23 1.8 2.8 13 30 32 12 12 5.2 23 16 18 12 Susp. matterSedimentsHydric soilsPeat 1Susp. matterSediments 1Hydric soils 1Peat 1Susp. matter 1 0.02Sediments 1Hydric soils 1 0.03 0.02Peat 4 2 0.02 0.07 0.03 5 7 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.08 6 0.10 0.07 0.05 1.8 0.07 0.13 0.18 0.11 0.15 2.0 2.3 0.09 0.15 3.2 0.10 1.6 3.3 0.14 0.12 3.0 3.8 4.2 4.8 2.8 0.14 2.4 12 6.3 1.5 3.2 4.0 15 9.6 3.0 4.8 11 2.4 21 3.4 8.6 14 24 2.6 6.5 32 5.6 2.4 8.3 7.6 7.2 Susp. matterSedimentsHydric soils 4 12 8 8.6 25 14 6.4 72 54 51 146 125 275 1420 1250 155 470 436 skoye town Lake Pyasino 69°28'29''N 88°00'E August 1992 Water 4 (south coast) Siberia (tundra) Nizhneyansk North-EastSiberia (foresttundra) Kolyma- Anyuy Settl. Ozhogino R. IndigirkaMount. Region R. OmolonMomsky Settl. Omolon Chersky Mount. 69°17'56''NRegion 147°18'05''E Settl. Obolokh Yana-OymyakonMount. Region 65°14'09''N R. Indigirka R. Yana August 1992 160°32'25''E Settl. Verkhoyansk IslandWrangel Sept. 1992 66°15'30''NFar North-East Settl. Ushakov- Water(tundra) 67°33'10''N 143°18'19''E Lake Krasnoye 133°24'42''E 70°59'19''N Sept. 1992 Hydric soilsAmguem-Anadyr Mount. Region 178°30'W August 1992 Settl. Krasneno R. Anadyr 64°38'25''N 1 Settl. Lamutskoye 174°47'21''E 1 July 1989 Hydric soils Susp. matter August 1992 65°32'21''N 168°50'16''E 1 0.04 Hydric soils 2 Susp. matter August 1992 0.08 0.07 0.07 2 Susp. matter 1 0.09 Sediments 2.2 2.5 0.10 1 0.11 0.12 0.08 2 18 3.3 5.4 0.15 0.18 0.08 2.4 Sediments 0.04 25 12 0.10 4.1 2.6 3.0 12 0.12 1 3.6 14 12 6.4 2.5 2.9 0.12 13 9.4 3.5 8.3 0.19 4.2 4.5 4.7 21 12 Central Siberia Lake Taimyr 74°36'12''N 102°00'E August 1990 Water 1 (Byranga Mtns) (north coast) Central Siberia(forest tundra) Settl. OlenyokCentral Siberia(Putorana andAnabar Mount. 68°29'39''Nareas) (upper R. Ayan 112°27'36''E reaches) August 1990 69°49'16''N 93°46'27''E Water August 1992 Water 1 2 0.011 0.08 0.12 0.90 North-East R. Yana 71°26'17''N 136°06'03''E August 1992 Water 1 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 524 AMAP Assessment Report – – – – – – – – – ...... – – – . . . ------– . – 0.0035 0.2 0.7 – 0.000035 0.002 0.7 – 0.29 0.0021 0.7 – 0.0035 0.000019 0.05 –5 1 . . . . . NC Most Stringent 25 0.0035 0.1 0.7 Limit 300 10 5 10 NC Most Stringent 15 0.6 0.15 2 PEL 91.3 (112) 3.53 (4210) 0.486 (0.70) NC (sfc water) Chronic Criterion 3.2 (8.5) 1.1 (9.3) 0.012 (0.025) 5 (71) (Annual Avg.) 4-20 (10) Most Stringent 0.1 0.045 0.012 5 Comparison of effects-based criteria for water, sediment, and soil quality in various countries Comparison of effects-based criteria for water, Country Criterion Pb Cd Hg Se Netherlands MPC EC Limit 50-300 1-3 1-1.5 CanadaFinland Quality assessment Guideline 25 60 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.2 1 1 Netherlands MPC 4300 29 0.21 2 Sweden Quality 15-60 0.6-2.4 0.15-0.6 Canada TEL 35 (30.2) 0.596 (676) 0.174 (0.13) Netherlands MPC (sfc water) 10 0.35 0.0019 5 Canada Guideline value 0.1 2 United States Acute Criterion 83 (220) 3.9 (43) 2.4 (2.1) 20 (300) Sweden Qual. Criterion Env. 0.6-1.2 0.045-0.09 UK Quality Std. Denmark Quality 9.2 2.5 1 EC Quality Soil quality criteria (µg/g dry weight) Freshwater (Marine) sediment quality criteria (µg/g dry weight) Freshwater (seawater) quality criteria (µg/L) MPC =NC Maximum Permissible Concentration. TEL = = Negligible Concentration (set at MPC/100). PEL Threshold Effect Level. = Probable Effect Level. Table 7·A17. Table (compiled from BKH Consulting Engineers 1995). –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ------–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ------–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ------––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––