Ameican Mineralogist, Yolume64, pages 932-939, 1979

BOOK REVIEWS

VOLCANIC REGIMES IN CANADA, W. R. A. Baragar,L. C. tenceof magma-if its formationis not altogetherignored, it is at Colemanand J. M. Hall, Editors. GeologicalAssociation of least overwhelmedby emphasison its surface behavior or the Canada SpecialPaper Number 16, 197'l. viii * 476 pages. changesthat producediverse products from a pre-existingprimary s18.00. magma.This emphasisis easy to understand,because magma origin is substantially further removed from observation (being GENERATION OF BASALTIC MAGMA. By H. S. Yoder,Jr. some70 km or more below the surface),and its attack by high- NationalAcademyof Sciences,Washington, DC, 1976.xii + 266 temperature and high-pressurelaboratory techniques requires pages. hard cover, soft $8.25 $5.50 cover. more training in chemistryand/or physicsthan most geologists The imageof the intrepidvolcanologist, dashing offto studythe receive.However, the emphasisimbalance (at leastin book-length fiery spectacleof an eruption,is one that excitesreporters, readers texts) has now beenimproved with the welcomepublication of of Sundaysupplements, and small cousins.But the answersto Generation of Basaltic Magma. someof the best questionsasked by thosesmall cousins-where The book began when H. S. Yoder was selectedfor the first doesthe lava come from? why is the volcano whereit is?-are not Arthur L. Day Prize and Lectureship,and it grew through his to be answeredat the fiery spectacle.These questions are being seriesof lecturesin May-June,1975 at DartmouthCollege and the answeredby carefullaboratory studies, detailed field investigation GeophysicalLaboratory of the CarnegieInstitution of Washing- of long-cooledrocks (in somedecidedly non-fiery terrain), and in ton (where Yoder has been Director since l97l). The author's thesynthesis of a largebody of unglamorouswork. The two books pioneeringwork on basaltgenesis during the last two decades reviewedhere deal with theseapproaches to the'study of vol- equip him well for the subject, and he has further guaranteed canism.They carry no red photographsand are unlikely to be quality by obtaining draft reviewsfrom 20 other specialists. abstractedin the Sundaysupplements, but theyare excellent books The first quarter of the book deals with what (and where) at veryreasonable prices that belongin all goodgeology libraries. basaltic magma comesfrom in the Earth's upper mantle, and the The GeologicalAssociation of Canadabook grew from a sym- last quarter treatsits accumulation,upward movement,and ex- posiumsponsored by the VolcanologyDivision of that group in trusionat the surface.The centralhalf of the book dealswith the May, 1975.Although Canada does not springto mind whennam- melting processesthat producebasaltic magma, and discussesboth ing the activevolcanic regions ofthe world, unwitnessederuptions the major magmatypes and olivinein the parentalmaterial. The havetaken place in the CoastRange during the last200 years, and text endswith a 9-pagesummary that effectivelyuses questions and Canada'scombination of variedgeology and excellentgeologists brings out, as does the rest of the text, the many unknowns and hasresulted in manyfine studies of ancientvolcanism. The richness tenuousconclusions remaining in our current understandingof of the Canadianvolcanic record is shownby the six sectionsinto magmagenesis. A useful appendixincludes 23 pagesof references which the book is divided:Cordilleran regime, Appalachian re- and a z2-pa$esubject index. gime,Proterozoic belts, Archean greenstone belts, the stablecrust Aiming at an audienc€that has had no more than a general regime, and the Oceanic regime. Each section begins with an course in petrology, Yoder writes clearly and readably about a invited 20-40-pagegeneral paper that reviewseither the regionor a complex subject.The illustrations(ll8 diagramsand 2 color representativeportion. Taken together, these six papers provide an plates)are well chosen,the book productionattractive, and the excellentsummary of Canada'svolcanic record. The remainingl7 price very reasonable.All geologistsinterested in basaltic magma papers were selectedby the editors from twice as many sub- will wefcomethis authoritativesummary of the theoretical/experi' missions.They covervaried subjects of widespreadgeologic inter- mentalapproach to its origin. est such as: volcanism-tectonismrelationships, ophiolites, geo- TotrtSIt,txIN chemicalindicators of paleotectonicsetting, granitic batholiths, Smit hs o nian I nstitution ultramaficlava flows and volcaniclastics,cyclic volcanism, intru- sive-extrusivecomparisons, Keweenawan flood basalts, sea- mounts,and the Tertiaryvolcanics of Baffin Bay. More than one third of the volumeis devotedto Archeanbelts, five but the other GEOLOGIE DU DIAMANT. By M. G. Bardet.Vol. I, General- sectionsare roughlyequal in length. it6s, 1973,$50. Vol. 2, Gisementsafricains, 1976, $50. Vol. 3, The book is attractivelyproduced, with few typographicerrors, Gisementsd'Amerique du Sudet d'URSS, 1977,$36. Bureaude and themore than 150maps and diagramsare clear and welldone. RecherchesG6ologiques et Mini0res, Avenue de Concyr, Or' Severalof the l9 photographicplates did not reproducewell, and l€ans-laSource (Loiret), B. P. 6009,45018 Orl€ans, France. the referencevalue of the volumewould havebeen enhanced by an index. Volcanic Regimesin Canada provides both an excellent Geologyof Diamondis a 3-volumework issuedby the Bureauof summaryof an unusuallydiverse volcanic record and a selectionof Researchinto Geologyand Mineralogy(BRGM) of France.This papersillustrating the varied approachesbeing usedby the able organizationundertook geological and mineralogicalexploration geologistsworking there. Few geologistsworking on volcanic originallyin the FrenchColonies but hassince diversified itself to, productselsewhere will fail to find in this volume information amongst oth€r things, major exploration projects throughout the directlyuseful to them in their own work. world. Bardethas been associated with the organizationmuch of The origin of magma is one of geology'smost fundamental his professionallife, particularly with the group undertaking kim- questions.Treatments of volcanismcommonly assumethe exis- berliteand diamondexploration. To someextent these three vol- ffi3 ffi4x/ 79 /0708-0932$00.50 932 BOOK REVIEWS 933

umesrepresent the culminationof M. Bardet'sprofessional inter- vived.As a resultof the increasinguse of mineralogicaland pet- est. rographicalmethods in appliedresearch, the seriesof whichthis is At theoutset one has to congratulateM. Bardetfor the compre- Volume 9 was establishedby the houseof Springer-Verlag.The hensivetreatment of diamond and kimberlite.The reader,how- subjectof structuralclay products is one that hasnot beenmono- ever,should be awarethat in many respectsthe text is basedupon graphedin recentyears, so this treatiseis a timelycontribution. It factsand rumorsgleaned by M. Bardetduring his tenureas dia- wasprepared for usein coursesin ceramics,and it presupposesan mond geologistand consultantfor BRGM. Inasmuchas most adequatebackground in the basicsciences. The author makesan companiesengaged in diamondexploration are extremelysecre- earnesteffort to reacha wideraudience of scientistsand engineers tive, M. Bardet has done sciencequite a servicein illuminating who would find the volume useful.For this purposehe has in- someof theseendeavors. Nevertheless, some caution must be used cluded 320 referencesto the literature.In Chapter I Professor in readingparts of the text. Brownellsuccinctly traces the history of structuralclay products Volume I, publishedin 1973,deals, as its title indicates,with from brick-makingin ancientand recenttimes. generalitiesof diamond.The tableof contentsis at the back,rather The principalpart of the treatisedeals with exploration,mining, than the front, which may at first causesome confusion for non- and processingof the raw materials.It then discusses,very thor- Frenchreaders. Included in the volumeare the physicalproperties oughly, the forming of the raw materialsinto finishedceramic of diamond and synthesisof diamonds.A major sectionis given waresby variousprocesses. These include extrusion, drying, firing, overto kimberlite,including discussions of its character,geochem- and decoration.Chapters are also includedon engineeringprob- istry, mineralogy,and the genesisof diamond in kimberlite.Fi- lems,quality control, and thedurability of themanufactured prod- nally, the volume ends with chapterson variousaspects of dia- ucts. mond exploration.Included is an insertdescribing Bardet's views Specialstress is placedon the importanceof the clay-water of the major ideasrelated to diamonds,kimberlites, and mantle interactionin the processof forming the ceramicproducts. The xenolithsdiscussed at the First Kimberlite Conferencein Cape mineralogicalapproach of DTA, TGA, and X-ray diffractionstud- Town in 1973.The interestedreader is betteradvised to consultthe ies,taken chieflyfrom the literature,is usedto interpretthe reac- actual Proceedingsvolume (Phys.Chem. Earth, Yol.9). Overall tionswhich takeplace in the firing of the raw materials. Volume I is a good but spottyreview of diamondand kimberlite, The chapterentitled "Mineralogical Composition of Structural and from the text it is obviousthe author hasparticular ideas. Clay Products"is so brief as to be of little use.Clay minerals, Volumes2 (1976)and 3 (1977)cover the whole world in termsof called disilicateminerals, are discussedin l3 pagesof which 5 diamondoccurrences and, wherepertinent, kimberlites. Volume 2 pagesare taken up with illustrations!The accessoryminerals, is devotedto th€ African continent,starting as is appropriatewith called non-essentialminerals, are discussedin two pageswhich southernAfrica. Volume 3 coversthe restof the world, including amountsto little morethan a listingof the species.The threepages the Americas,Russia, Asia, and Australia. devotedto "Typical Mineral Compositionsfor StructuralClay Unfortunately,the secretivenature of diamond explorationis Products"give usefuldata. Ceramic petrography is mentionedon evidentin severalsections and mapsin theselast two volumes,plus page13. in certain instancesthe lack of accuratetopographic maps of Mineralogistsand geologistswho teach ceramistscan profit particularcountries. For example,Guaniamo in Venezuela(Fig. 2, from readingthis book by learninghow their disciplinesare ap- p. 79,Vol. III) is incorrectlysited, as are alsosome kimberlites in plied.The book will be a valuableguide and sourceof information Mali (Fig. ll, p. 199,vol. II). to scientistsengaged in consultingwork. Althoughscholars of the Frenchlanguage may takeexception, I GeoncnT. Flusr found Bardetto write with a very pedanticstyle, making English Basking Ridge, New Jersey translationat times hazardousand problematic.At times it ap- pearsthat M. Bardethas transcribed directly from his fieldreports to BRGM. Nevertheless,in spiteof the numerousshortcomings thesevolumes are essentialto anyoneinterested in diamondsand TIME- AND STRATA-BOUND ORE DEPOSITS. Edited by kimberlite,particularly in occurrencesand exploration.Unless an D. D. Klemm and H. J. Schneider.Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Englishtext is forthcoming,this work by Bardetwill remainfor 1977.444 pages, 160 illustrations, 29 tables.$43.00. manyyears as the "Bible" for "diamantists." Hrxny O. A. Msyrn This volumeis dedicatedto Albert Maucheron his 70th birth- (all Purdue Uniuersitv day. It is a collectionof interestingcontributions in English, exceptfor one by Paul Ramdohr on complexexsolutions from titanomagnetite)on a wide varietyof topics.Although the theme of the book is presumablyindicated by its title, the papersdo divergewidely in direction and scientific Most STRUCTURAL CLAY PRODUCTS.Vol. 9 in AppliedMineral- content. are ex- have ogy-TechnischeMineralogie. By WayneE. Brownell.Springer- cellent,and I by no meansidentified all of thevaluable ones in well-referenced Verlag,New York, 1976.ix + 231pages. $43.20. the examplescited below.Twenty-eight and well- illustratedarticles are classedaccording to the following cate- Sincethe very beginningsof mineralogythere has beena close gories:(l) Generaltopics: six papers,which includea stimulating associationof the scienceand its applicationsto problemsof the discussionof the consequencesof stratificationof the oceansby mining, metallurgical,ceramic, and other industries.Recently in E. T. Degensand P. Stoffersand a descriptionofsuccessful explo- Europespecial meetings devoted to topicsin appliedmineralogy ration in the Spanish-Portuguesepyrite belt by G. T. Strauss,J. and petrographyhave beenheld. In 193Ea journal devotedto Mandel,and F. F. Alonso.(2) Precambriandeposits: three papers, thosefields wasfounded as theZeitschrift fir angewandteMineral- among which is a thoughtfulsynthesis of the origin of the huge ogie,but it was shortJived becausewar broke out in Europe.After Postmasburgand Kuruman(South Africa) manganesedeposits by the war, interest in applied mineralogy and petrography was re- P. G. Sbhnge.(3) Paleozoicdeposits: eight papers, which include a 0n0.3-0n/'X/79 /0708-0933$00.50 934 BOOK REVIEWS regionalgenetic synthesis of the Sb-W-Hg depositsof the Eastern of quartz such as chert, sard,jasper, prase are listed, without Alps by R. Httll. (4) Mesozoicdeposits: four papers,which include formula to indicate they are SiOr; grossular[formula given as a comparisonand paleogeographicreconstruction of important CarAl(AlO.)'l is followed by grossularite,with the correct for- alpine Pb-Zn depositsby L. Brigo and six other authors. (5) mula. Strata-boundintrusive deposits: two interpretativepapers on chro- In spite of thesedeficiencies, however, this encyclopediahas mite,one on the alpinetype in Yugoslaviaby S.Grafenaur and the considerablemerits and will servea usefulfunction. otheron the stratiformBushveld Complex by R. Snethlageand G. von Gruenewaldt.(6) Geochemicaland mineralogicalproblems: BnhN M,c,soN five papers,which includethe diageneticgeochemistry of the Red Smithsonian I nstitution Seasulfide-bearing muds by K. Weber-Diefenbach. The printing, paper,and illustrationsare of high quality;typo- FORTSCHRITTE AUF DEM GEBIET DER KRISTALL. graphicalerrors are numerous but arenot a significantproblem for CHEMIE DER SILIKATE. By FriedrichLiebau. Rheinische- the reader;the binding on my copy has begunto warp after a WestftilischeAkademie der Wissenschaften,Vortrhge Reihe N, coupleof monthsof travelingin my briefcase.Time- and Snata- Band 277; Opladen:Westdeutscher Verlag, 1978.53 pages,2l Bound Ore Deposits is a useful referenceand a good guide to figures.l2 DM, approx.$6.50. further reading.Not everyonewill needa shelf copy, but those interestedin oregenesis or in prospectingfor otherthan epithermal This is a report of a presentationat a meetingin Diisseldorf, veinsand porphyry Cu/Mo depositscan profit from thisvolume. June2, 1976.It is essentiallyan updatedversion of the author's chapteron the "Crystal chemistryof silicates"in the Handbookof Pnul B. BlnroN, Jn. Geochemistry,1972, or it may be considereda previewof the U.S. GeologicalSuruey author'slong-awaited book on the subject.Principles are stressed throughout;no detailsof individualstructures are given. The liter- aturelist includesonly nineitems from Machatschki'sclassic paper McGRAW-HILL ENCYCLOPEDIAOF THE CEOLOGICAL of 1928and Bragg'sfirst summary(1930) to the author's own SCIENCES.David N. Lapides,Editor in Chief. McGraw-Hill review(1972). Emphasis is placedon the dependenceof the spatial Book Company,New York, 1978.915 pages,illustrated. $29.50. arrangementof silicateanions on the valence,size, and electro- negativityof the associatedcations and on pressureand temper- "This Encyclopediaprovides a comprehensivetreatment of the ature. geologicalsciences, including geology, geochemistry, and geophys- The work is illustratedby many schematicdrawings of silicate ics, and of thoseaspects of oceanographyand meteorologywhich anions,drawn with admirableclarity to bring out thosefeatures are essentialto understandingthe materials,processes, composi- discussedin the text. For instance,Figure l8 showsfive typesof tion, and physicalcharacteristics of the solid part of the Earth Si.O,osheets, all picturedwith the directionof viewin the planeof system.The articlesincluded in the Encyclopediawere selected by the sheet.The text is followedby whatseems to bea full reportofa a BoardofConsulting Editors and eitherhave beentaken from the stimulatingdiscussion with manyparticipants, which is eminently McGraw-Hill Encyclopediaof Scienceand Technology(4th ed., worth reading. 1977)or written especiallyfor this volume. The broad scopeof Aoolr PAssr geologicalsciences is coveredin great depthin the 560alphabeti- Uniue rs it y of Califo rnia, Be rkele y cally arrangedarticles on subjectssuch as platetectonics, oceans, geologicaltime scale,paleontology, mineralogy, physiographic provinces,orogeny, high-pressure phenomena, geophysical explo- rations, geochemistryand atmospherechemistry. . . An addi- . MICROSCOPEPHOTOMETRY. By Horst Piller.Springer-Ver- tional usefulfeature is a table in the Appendix which lists the lag, New York, 1977.253 pages,79 figures.$30.00. propertiesof 1500mineral species." (From the dust cover) On the whole this encyclopediaachieves its statedpurpose. It This book describeshow theordinary light microscope-supple- will serveas a usefulreference work in libraries,and asan informa- mentedby variousmechanical, optical, and electricalmodules- tion sourcefor thosecalled on to providequick answers to geologi- can be usedto measurethe intensityof light transmittedor re- cal questions.Most of the contributorsare recognizedauthorities flectedby microscopicparticles. The techniquesembrace the range in their fieldsofexpertise. As pointedout in the abovequotation, of electromagneticenergy between wavelengths 250 and l100nm, somearticles have been taken from earlierworks of thispublishing which is for conveniencereferred to as "light." This is timely, house.Some were evidently written several years ago, as indicated becausethe very sensitivephotosensors now availablewill permit by the referencesfor furtherinformation; others have references to the techniquesof opticalcrystallography to burstbeyond the very articlespublished as late as l9'l'1. About 170 mineralsare de- narrow400-700nm range to whichthey are presently confined. The scribed,but there is considerablerepetition; as well as a general author provides data of importance to microscopistscon- articleon feldspar,there are articleson albite,labradorite, ortho- templating expansionof their purview beyond the 400-700nm clase,etc. The sketchesthat accompanythe mineraldescriptions range. might well havebeen omitted, since they give no usefulimpression The discussionsare frequentlytechnical and mathematical,and of the appearanceof theseminerals. The appendix"which liststhe their major thrust, as the book's title implies,relates to the in- propertiesof I 500mineral species" should have been better edited; tegrationof a photosensorinto the microscopesystem as well as it givesmineral name, chemical formula, crystal system, hardness, the procedures(and pitfalls) in photometrywith the microscope. and specificgravity, but is not comprehensive,has numerouser- Thosecontemplating photometric measurements through a micro- rors,and is not up-to-date.Lunar mineralssuch as armalcolite and scopeshould read this book. Someof thefigures and theirarrange- tranquillityiteare not included;discredited species such as flajolo- ment,however, could be improved.Figure 2.1 a-n, which spreads tite (formulagiven as FeSbO. .75HrO) are included; many varieties acrosspages 5 to 8/2,has a legendon pages8 and9 andis discussed mp.3-m4x / 79 / 0708-0934$00.50 BOOK REVIEWS

on pagesl0-14. This provokesa good deal of pageturning. De- in Chapter7 which,after defining and explainingsome of thebasic spitethis, you'll want your library to order this book. thermochemicalconcepts, discusses various methods of measure- mentof sulfuractivity, thermochemical approximations, the phase F. DoNALDBloss rule,and diagrammatic presentations ofobserved phase relations. Virginia PolytechnicI nstitute Experimentally-determinedsulfide phase equilibria are discussed andState Uniuersitv in two chapters.Chapter 8 dealswith "dry" equilibria.It describes synthesisand analyticaltechniques before treating one unary sys- tem (S), four binary systems(Fe-S, Zn-S, Cu-S and Ni-S), and THE MINERALOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA, 1966-1978.By threeternary systems (Cu-Zn-S, Cu-Fe-S, and Fe-Ni-S). In addi- RobertC. SmithII. SpecialPublication No. 1,Friends of Miner- tion this chaptercontains short reviewsof experimentaldata on alogy,Pennsylvania Chapter, 1978. viii * 304pages, 135 figures, solid solutions among pyrite-typedisulfides (CoSz-NiSr-FeSz), 8 color plates(54 minerals).Available from Bryon Brookmyer, thiospinels,and monosulfides(CaS-MgS-MnS-FeS). Chapter 9 P.O.Box 19,Blue Ball, PA 17506.$14.95 plus 60 centspostage. dealswith equilibriain "wet sulfidesystems." It discussesdiagram- matic representationof solution equilibria, and solubilitiesof This book is a supplementto The Mineralogyof Pennsyhsaniaby metalsulfides. S. G. Gordon, Spec.Publ. l, Acad.Nat. Sci.Philadelphia (1922), The last chapteris devotedto studiesof natural sulfides.It and TheMineralogy of Pennsyluania,1922-1965, by Arthur Mont- discussesthe stabilitiesof sulfideminerals and their major-element gomery, Spec.Publ. 9, Acad. Nat, Sci. Philadelphia(1969). It variations,minor-element distributions, and sulfur isotopes,and containsnew data on 60 minerals,including much unpublished lists a numberof criteria that may be employedto estimatethe information,X-ray and opticalmeasurements, and detaileddata conditionsof formationof sulfidesin ores. on many localities.A list of 276verified minerals from Pennsylva- The book containsthree appendices of whichthe first (40pages) nia is given,and a briefhistoryofPennsylvania mineralogy (p. l0- lists compositions,mineral names,crystal structures, reflectivity, 17)by Martin L. Ann6 is included. hardness,thermal stability, thermochemical, electrical, and mag- It is evidentthat Dr. Smith has worked with loving care to neticdata for sulfides.Appendix II (4 pages)lists reactions, free- ensurethe accuracyof the descriptionsgiven. He hasproduced a energychanges, and temperatureranges for a considerablenumber volumethat will be valuableto amateurcollector and professional of univariantsulfidation equilibria. Appendix III (21 pages)lists mineralogistalike. temperaturesand reactionsat invariantpoints in a largenumber of MtcHnsr-Futscsen sulfidesystems. Smithsonian I nst ilution The book includes a 36-pagelist of referencesand a l7-page generalindex. In additiona short bibliographyis givenat the end of each chapter,and a list of referencesis includedwith each MINERAL CHEMISTRYOF METAL SULFIDES.By DavidJ. appendix. Vaughanand JamesR. Craig.Cambridge Earth ScienceSeries, This book is well written and organized.The authorsare both Cambridge University Press, 1978,493 pages, 167 figures, 42 known for their contributionsto sulfidemineralogy, and the text tables.$39.95. leavesno doubt about their extensiveknowledge of this field. Considerableeffort has gone into reviewingthe morerecent devel- Researchon syntheticand naturalmetal sulfides in the pasthas opments(essentially through 1975)in sulfidemineral chemistry. involved metallurgists,mineralogists, chemists, and physicists, This is welcomedby the readerbecause it is a rapid way to obtain who employeda wide rangeof experimentaland theoreticalap- valuableinformation without havingto dig into hundredsof pub- proaches.This bookattempts to surveythese methods and theories lications.The book containsan abundanceofexcellent tables and and to discussthe current state of knowledgeregarding metal figures,most of which I found quite useful.Many of the dis- sulfidesof mineralogicalimportance. cussions,particularly those pertainingto growth, twinning, ex- The book is written with the expressedhope that advanced solution, replacement,zoning, and breakdowntextures are very undergraduatestudents, graduate students, and researchworkers short and would have benefitedfrom good photomicrographs will find it usefulas an introductionto currentwork in this field. which are conspicuouslylacking. The text stressesdiscussions of the commonsulfides but includes As a generalrule the authorshave attemptedto list original also, for purposesof comparison,comments on sulfidesof rare referencesbut quite often referencesare given to reviews(which occutrenceand on arsenides,tellurides. and selenides.The sulfo- commonlyneglect to mentionthe originalstudies) or to othernon- salt mineralsand compoundsare specificallyexcluded. originalpapers. The introductorychapter gives a veryshort outline ofthe history The book has much to offer to graduatestudents and research of sulfideresearch. The major portion of this chapteris usedto workersin mineralogy,economic geology, metallurgy, chemistry, provide the readerwith a crystal-chemicalbackground through and solid-statephysics, and shouldbe found in librariesfrequented discussionsof atomsand ions;ionic, covalent and metallicbonds; by specialistsin thesefields. crystalfield theory; molecular orbital theory; and bandtheory. The The publisherdeserves credit for a fine printing job. Printing next four chaptersconcern themselves with the arrangementsof errbrsare scarce.The binding is of high quality. metal and sulfur atoms and the behaviorof electronsin sulfide minerals.Thus, Chapter 2 treats crystal structures,Chapter 3 GuNuln KullEnuo electricaland magnetic properties, Chapter 4 spectroscopicproper- furdue Uniuersitv ties,and Chapter5 dealswith chemicalbonding. Chapter 6 on "Propertiesused in the classicaldeterminative methodsand their interpretation"deals with reflectivityand mi- GEOCHEMISTRY. By Arthur H. Brownlow. Prentice-Hall In- croscopicoptical properties,hardness and microhardness,and corporate4 Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1979. 528 pages. with morphologyand textures.Sulfide thermochemistry is treated $19.95. UJn3--0n/x/79 /0708-093s$00.50 936 BOOK REVIEWS

Introductory geochemistry textbooks normally assumestudents is on minerals or compounds of mineralogical interest" and the may approach the subject with little or no background in chemis- price of the volums i5 6 sevgls limitation on possible purchases. try and indeed, little background in geology. This book is no ex- BRIANMASoN ception. The early chapters dcal with the elements(including elec- Smithsonian I nstilution tronic confguration, periodic behavior, abundance, and geochemical classification), isotopes (including radioactive dat- ing), thermodynamics (including the phase rule and phase dia- grams), and crystal chemistry. The material presented in these chapters is then applied, in five additional chapters, to studies of ROCK-FORMING MINERALS, second edition; Volume 2A, water chemistry, organic geochemistry,sedimentary rocks, igneous Single-chain silicates. By W. A. Deer, R. A. Howie, and J. Zuss- rocks, and metamorphic rocks. There are problem sets at the end mann. Wiley (HalstedPress), Ncw Yorb 1978.668 pages,68 ta- ofeach chapter. bles,283 6gures. $55.fi) Such breadth ofcoverage would tax the capabilitiesofany au- preface (dated 1977)to this edition, "The thor, and there are, perhaps inevitably, a number ofconceptual er- As stated in the July, probe analysis has replaced rors in this first edition. The ones I caugbt include: an incorrect facility of rapid and accurate electron laborious chemical and optical analyti- statement of LeChatelier's principle; consistent mislabeling of an- to a great extent the more for each mineral hydrous phase diagrams with a P6r6 : I atm tag and referencesin cal nethods, giving many more reliable analyses more specimensand to com- the text to the anhydrous laboratory work as low-pressure, water- and enabling researchersto examine The availability of saturated studies; and an incorrect discussion of fractional crystal- plete a wider range of studies in a shorter time. to much more sig- lization in the systemforsterite-diopside-silica. However, these er- more well-analysed material has also lead [srd variations and their relationships rors and others like them detract but little from the sound work- nificant discussion of chemical physical properties an4 most of all, para- manlike job the author has done on most subjects. In the main the with crystal structure, phenomena intergrowths (ex- yfling is lucid, but there are occasional lapsesinto murky obscu- geneses.The important of fine-scale been much more rity, especially in the chapter on thermodynamics. There are also a solution, ac.) and of chemical 2orninghave also probe electron-opti- couple of glaring errors itr that chapter I mercifully refrain from readily investigated using clectron and other discussing,since a casecan be made that a geochemistry text is no cal methods. phasc prcssures and tem- place to learn thermodynamics anyway. "The study of equilibria at elevated the cumulative number of How does this book mmpare to Krauskopfs Introduction to Ge- p€ratures has continued apac€, so that has grown. In additior5 much ochemistry(2nd edition, 1979[ They both cover virtually an iden- systemswhich need to be described have become accessible tical range of subjecs and are comparably priced. In general, wider ranges ofpressure and tcmperature has been a Brownlow's book is more logically organized, uses figures more with improved tecbniques. At tle same time, there properties of min- imaginatively, and makes much better use of recent field studies as growth in the determination of thermodynamic approachesto ele- illustrative examples in the chapten on sedimentary, igneous, and erals, and in the experirnental and theoretical metamorphic rocks. Krauskopfs prose style is more concise and ment distribution within and between minerals. growing of automatic single-crystal dif- his book is 100 pages longer than Brownlow's, allowing better "The advent and use it possible to determine crystal structures depth ofcoverage on many subjects.The secondedition should be fractometers has made quickly, whereas there was hitherto perhaps almost error-free. Brownlow partly offses his brevity on certain much more so that or even for a mineral group, topics by explicitly flagging the referenceswherein more extensive onc published structure for a mineral for a mineral at each of coverage may be found. In the end you "pays your money and now there can be structure determinations ahd at a number of different tem- takes your choice." Either book is an excellent value for the price. several chemical compositions, p€fatures. RoBERTF.Fuoen "The above, and other growth areas in mineralogy, have lead Smithsonian I nstitution [srd to the fact that in this edition the averagenumber ofpages de- voted to eachminsnl is about three ti.mestlat for the first edition. The extent of growth is indicated also by the list of referencesfor each mineral which for this volume we have attempted to bring up to 1976, and the early montls of 1977." (Therc are even ELASTIC, PIEZOELECTRIC, PYROELECTRIC, PIEZOOP- to date referencesin footnotes to papers published in 1978.) TIC, ELECTROOPTIC CONSTANTS, AND NON-LINEAR In the first edition the single-chain silicates were covered in 202 DIELECTRIC SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF CRYSTALS. By pages,3l tables, and 52 figures. Not only have the number of ta- M. M. Choy and others.Vol. III/II (revisedand extcndededi- bles been increased, but many of the original tables have been tion of Vols. lll/l and lll/2\ of Landolt-Biirnstein: Numerical considerably expanded; for example, the number of ortho- Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technologt, pyroxene analyses (metamorphic rocks) has been increased from edited by K.-H. Hellwege and A. M. Hellwege. Springer-Verlag, 18 to 35. Some minerals have been added: ureyite in thc pyrox- Berlin, 1979.xvii + 854 pages,677 figures. DM 780, approx. enes, and sapphirine, aenigmatite, rhdnite, and serendibite to the $429.00. non-pyroxene single-chain silicates. The number of systems re- This is a critical compilation of data pubtshed up to 1977 (the ferred to in the first edition was 37, in the secondedition 145' lit€rature was searchedto late 1977)on linear and non-linear elas- The authors are to be congratulated and thanked for their tre- tic, pyroelectric, dielectric, and optical effectsin crystals (and some mendous accomplishment in rendering an enonnous massof pub- other solid materials, including beef bone, coal, epoxy resin, mica lished information into a comprehensive and comprehensible schist, and red pine). The present volume fully maintains the high form. I can only echo George Faust's comment on the frrst edition standard of this series.However, only a small amount of the data (Am.'Mineral.,50,815, 1965),"For anyoneengaged in the study of

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rock-forming minerals or the origin and stability of rocks, (this As pointed out by the editor, this volume does not represent a volume is) absolutely necessary." comprehensive,evenly-balanced treatment of worldwide uranium deposits or mineralogy. Abut one half of the text is devoted to BRIANMASON Canadian deposis. It was compiled in the hope that it would Smit hsonianI nstitution prove us€ful in the teaching of both undergraduate and graduate courses on mineral deposits and that it also would be of value to URANIUM DEPOSITS, THEIR MINERALOGY AND ORI- the uranium exploration industry. In this reviewcr's opinion this GIN. Edited by M. M. Kimberley. Mineralogical Association of book wifl be much appreciated by teachersand students as well as Canada, Short Course Handbook Volume 3, University of To- exploration geologists. ronto Press,Toronto, Canada, 1978.521pages. $12.00 Can, ap- Most chapters are well illustrated, althougb some of the photo- prox.$10.25 US. micrographs are poorly reproduced, and the authors have elmost without exc€ption provided adequate lists of referencesat the end This 521-pagevolume wascompiled for a uranium depositshort of each chapter. It is very difficult to achieve uniform quality course sponsoredby the Mineralogical Association of Canada and throughout a volume composed ofchapters by so many authors. held immediately following the 1978Annual Meeting in Toronto, Some of the authors present their material with a great deal of Ontario, Canada, October 27-29. Material presented by l8 au- thought and care; others appear to have been in a hurry. Some thors in 2l papers is organized in five sections-A through E. Sec- chapters represent in-depth studies; others are rather superficial. tion A which deals with Uranium Geochemistry consists of 3 Some chapters are long (in excessof zl0 pages), and others are chapters. The first of these, "Uranium Solution-Mineral Equi- rather short (3-6 pages). libria at Low Temperatures with Apptcations to Sedimentary Ore In all the book representsa valuable addition to the literature Deposits" by D. Langmuir, is an abbreviated version of a paper on uranium deposits. The very reasonable price of Canadian which appearedin Geochim.Cosmochim. Acta, 42 (6), 1978.The $ 12.00makes the book a real buy. It shouldfind extensiveuse. second, "The Mobility and Concentration of Uranium and its Decay Products in Temperate Surficial Environments," is by W. GUNNARKULLERUD Dyck, and the third, which is very short (3 pages)and which is au- Purdue Universily thored by M. M. Kimberley, discusses"High-Tenperature Ura- nium Geochemistry." Section B treats Uranium Mineralogy in two chapters: "Uranium Minerals in Canada: Their Description, ATLAS DES MINERAUX METALLIQUES. By P. PiCOtANd Z. Identification and Field Guides" by H. R. Steacy and S. Kaiman" Johan. Bureau de RecherchesG6ologiques et Minidres No.90, and "The Identification of Uraniferous Minerals" by R. D. Mor- Orl€ans,1977. 4M plges. 320fr, approx.$64.00. ton. Section C which is devoted to Classification and Description of Selected Deposits contains 5 chapters. These are "Genetic As- Here, in a rare blend ofbeauty and science,is a book which is pects and Classification of Important Canadian Uranium Depos- both an informative mineralogic referenceand a bona fide work of its" by R. H. McMillan, "Uranium Depositsin Australia" by F. F. art. It is primarily a photographic compendium of the varied col- Lanford, "Phanerozoic Uranium Deposits and Occurrencesin Eu- ors and t€xtures of ore and corlmon gangue mincrals alphabeti- rope and Eastern North America" by V. Ruzicka, "Uranium De- cally arranged from aguilarite to zircon, for about 350 species.As posits in Ontario" by J. A. Robertson, and "Uranium Mineral- such it contains some 320 photomicrographs. Fifty-five photos are ization in Shallow Intrusive Environments" by J. E. Tilsley. specifically of textures and 265 are of individual mincrals' 219 of Section D on Roll-Type and Stratiform Deposits contains another this latter group are in color. The book is divided into two s€c- 5 chapters: "Uranium in Phanerozoic Sandstone and Volcanic tions, one dealing with metallographic techniques and the other Rocks" by R. H. DeVoto, "Uranium in Black Shales-A Revief' devoted to specffic mineral descriptions. The first part includes: a by R. T. Bell, "Mineralogy and Setting of Elliott Lake Deposits" brief synopsis of metallogenic study; a short description of pol- by N. J. Theis, "Origin of Stratiform Uranium Deposits in Sand- ished section preparatio4 a surnmary of thc nature of diagnostic stone, Conglomerate, and Pyroclastic Rock" by M. M. Kimberley, characteristics; a listing of the principal types of metallogenic and "Mobility and Concentrationof Uranium in Arid Surficial paragenesis and their coflrmon mineral constituents; 6 lisling of Environments"by F. F. Langford. SectionE describesDeposits in minerals according to reflectivities; listings of minerals by color (in Northern Saskatchewan.Its 6 chapters are on: "Classification of air and under crossednicols), by internal reflections, by twinning, Uranium Depositsin Northern Saskatchewan"by J. Hoeve,"Ap- by exsolution features; a listing of sulfosalts and their distinctive plication of Mineralogy to the Study of Multistage Uranium Min- characteristics; a pictorial review of diverse structures; and a de- eralization in Remobilized Uranium Deposits, Saskatchewan" by scription of the photographic equipment used in the preparation J. Rimsaite, "Geologic Setting of the Beaverlodge-Type of Vein- ofthis book. The secondpart ofthe book is an alphabetical listitrg Uranium Deposit and its Comparison to that of the Uncon- of the minerals of metallogenic deposits and includes for each: a formity-Type" by L. P. Tremblay, "Mineralogy and Geological color photomicrograph (omitted or black and white for only a Settings of Unconformity-Type Uranium Deposits in Northern few); the perceived color; Mohs hardness;relative reflectivity; ani- Saskatchewan"and "Uranium Concentrations Related to the Sub- sotropism; structures (twinning, zoning, tendency toward growth Athabasca Unconformity, Northern Saskatchewan,Canada" both of euhedral crystals); associatedminerals; represetrtative ore de- authored by J. Hoeve and T. I. L Sibbald, and 'Origin of Uncon- posis; diagnostic characteristics;and a table of reflectivity values formity-Type Pitchblende Deposits in the Athabasca Basin of Sas- at 20 nm intervals from 420 to 700 nm. katchewan"by F. F. langford. The samplesincluded in this atlas were all selectedfrom the ref- The last 18 pagesof this volume contain a ratler useful glossary erence collections of the Bureau de Recherches G€ologiques et of mineral names,abbreviations, and geologic terms as used in the Minidres and were obviously chosen on the basis of esthetics as text. The reader will miss a general subject index. much or more than upon the typical mode of occurrence. There w3 -O0/.x/7 9/0708-0937$00.50 938 BOOK REVIEWS does appear to be a bit of a preoccupation with rare minerals special reference to the activity of silica and the rare zeolite dach- (where else muld one find a color photograph of bukovite, iardite, in Washington and Oregon. Cu3TlFeSea,eucairite, AgCuSe, lorandite, TlAsS2, or paxite, By far the largest section ofthe book is that devoted to Geology CuAs2, at the expenseof more common ones) (there are no photo- and Occurrences(17 papers).After a generalpaper by R. L. Hay on graphs accompanying the descriptions of pyrite, galena" chalcopy- paragenesesthere is a seriesof 13 papers on the most commotr zE- rite, and tetrahedrite). Nevertheless the text layout is well done, olites from the most widespread environments and paleoenviron- and the photomicrographs are excellent. The textures shown in the ments (e.g., of saline and alkaline lakes, of marine deposits, old photographs are illustrative of the diversity and beauty in the and young, and ofgeothermal regrons).Two papers,one by A. Iij- realm of metallogenic rninerals. The book is a must for all of those ima and the other by M. Kastner and Sharon A. Stonecipher, with interested in ore microscopy, and should be shown to all students ample refercncesprovide comprehensivecov€rage, with no objec- il for no other reason than developing tleir appreciation of ore tionable overlapping, of marine zeolites. Four papers are on cli- mrcroscopy. noptilolite and/or phillipsite, the two most abundant first-formed Th€ text is totally in French but is straight-forward, well writ- marine zeolitcs. There are four papers on the zeolites ofspecific re- ten" and easily understood. gions: Iceland, Italy, Auckland (New Zealand), and Bowie (Ari- zona), and two papers on hydrothermal experimental work. The JAMESR.CRAIG quality and style of these papers cover a wide range. In one of the Institute Virginia Polyechnic papers on hydrothermal experimentation, for example, the pres- and State UniYersitv sure is described as "autogcnous," the fluid composition as "natu- ral composition," and the container (of the heated NaOH solu- tion) as "Pyrex." Most of the papcrs are of much higher caliber NATURAL ZEOLITES: OCCURRENCES. PROPERTIES. and the section as a whole provides a quality core for the book' USE. Edited by L. B. Sand and F. A. Mumpton. Pergamon Unfortunately some papers suffer from the deplorable quality of Press,Inc., New York, 1978.xi + 546pages. $75.00. c€rtain photographic prints. The third section (8 papers) is devoted to zeolites'physical and This book is made up of "a selection ofpapers" from those pre- chemical properties insofar as these are important in applications. s€ntedat "Zgolnte76," an international conferenceheld in Tucson, Thus there is a great emphasis on cation exchange, adsorptiorl Arizona in June, 1976on the occurrenoe,properties and utilization and catalysis. D. E. W. Vaughan gives the introductory paper with ofnatural zeottes. many well-chosen references.Y. H. Ma and Ting Yueh give a use- The papers are grouped, after an introduction by F. A. Mump- ful tabulation ofprevious sorption studiesdone on various natural ton, under the following section headings: I. Crystal Structure and zeolites, mostly chabazites. R. M. Barrer, who has worked in the Mineralogy, II. Geology and Occurrences,III. Physical and laboratory on zeolites for longer than anyone, has an excellent re- Chemical Properties, and IV. Applications. The introduction is in- view paper on cation exchangeproperties. Understandably, 28 out formative and has ample references.It begins with a historical re- of the 36 referencesare to his own previous work. Thermal stabil- view, summarizes the paragcnesesof zeolites, and ends wittr a ity is the subject of one paper (on gmelinite). brief sumnary of the applications of zeolites. It provides non-zeo- The last section (ll papers) on Applications starts with a broad lite persons with an appreciation of the rapidly growing impor- view of zeolite uses in Japan. Since most general types of appli- tanceofzeolites. cations for zeolites elsewhere are found also in Japan, the paper In section I (8 papers), Glauco Gottardi gives a brief overview servesas a good introduction to this section. Other papers describe of zeolite crystal chemistry and structures. The state of the art in more speci.ficexamples of waste-watertreatment (including the re- structure refnements of several speciesis discussed.Stereoscopic moval of ammonia and radioactive elements, and the recovery of pairs to illustrate two or three zeolite structures would have en- heavy metals), ofadsorption (in solar collectors for space heating hanced this paper, whereasthe six very poor photomicrographs of a1d gaoling, and in the collection of ammonia resulting from coal "pseudomeroedric" twindng add nothing (except an unfamitar gasification),and ofcatalysis (in the recoveryofsulfur from H2S). term). Three of the remaining papers in this section are very spe- In sumrnary, the book is well organized and, considering its cialized. In one 23-page paper 12 pagcs ar€ besmearedwith noth- large size (546 8" x llk" pages),remarkably free of misprins. ing but structure factors; another five pagesin the same paper are Since so many referencesare repeatedly cited by different authors, covered with atomic positions and interatomic angles etc. of hy- it would have been desirable to havc had a single list of references drated and dehydrated potassium-exchangedptilolite. The section at the end of each section. The quality of the printing (d.e.of the is redeemed by three short and interestingly written papers. The photographs) unfortunately doesnot match the quality ofttre edit- first is by J. M. Bennett and R. W. Grose who, by a variety of ana- ing. In spite of its high price the book will doubtless be a must for lytical tecbniques, reveal the true (we hope) identity of a pre- all those who attended the conference (or would have liked to do viously misinterpreted intergrowth of zeolites from Oregon. The so but could not). In addition, it must at present b€ regardedas the second is by W. M. Meier who, concisely and with clear illustra- most up-to-dateand comprehensivecollection ofdata on natural tions, describesthe main features of the various constituent sheets stratabound zeolites in any single volume. making up the frameworks of zeolites related to mordenite. The third is Mumpton's and Ormsby's paper on the morphology of ze- R. IAN HARKER olites as studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This is U niver sity of Pennsylvania one of the more irnportant tools for identi$ing zeolite crystallites; fortunately the quality of the prins is better than that of most of GENESE DES KAOLINS. Edited by Manfred Stdrr. (Volume l1 thc others in the book. A paper by William S. Wis€ and R. W. of the SchriftenreiheJiir GeologischeWissenschaften). Akademie- Tschernich is also worthy of mention. It discussesthe sequential Verlag, Berlin" German Democratic Republic. 350 pages, 164 formation of a low-temperature series of (mostly) zeolites with figures,58 tables.68 M, approx.$40.00.

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This nicely produced volume, with a reasonably good paper Landgraf, which differs from most of those in this monograph, cover, contains 26 of the papers presented at the Fifth Inter- places emphasis on a mixed-layer mica-montmorillonitc present national Symposiurn on the Genesis of Kaotiq held in Dresden, in the kaolins of the Kemmlitz region which has an important GDR, l+20 September1975, with 18 papers in German, 7 in bearing on their technological properties. He describes a proce- English, and I in French. Comprehensivesummaries are provided dure for determining the proportion of expandable layers of ab- in Russian, German, and English. Most of the papers come from sorbing a high-refractive-index liquid (tetraphenyl phosphonium easternEuropean countries and the USSR, with a sprinkling from bromide) and measuring the resultant refractive index. Mineral other countries including two from the USA, by W. D. Keller and synthesis studies do not figure prominently in this volume, prob- H. H. Murray et al. As the title indicates, all the papers are con- ably because low-temperature synthesis of kaolinite has been a cerned with a cornmon theme, how kaolin is formed. but the vari- very intractable subject. However, Harder provides a general re- ety ofgeologic environments and processesinvolved is such that it view of low-temperature synthesesof clay minerals; he discusses is indeed worthwhile to hav€ this compilation of detailed informa- the possible role of organic acids, such as humic acid, in the for- tion from many sourc€s.Methods of investigation are broadly the mation of kaolinite, citing the work of Linares and Huertas, which same, detailed geologic mapprng, chemical analyses and X-ray has been continued more recently with promising resuls by La Ig- identification of phases,but other tecbniques,notably use of scan- lesia and Martin Vivaldi. These later developments, however, ning electron micrographs, also are utilized. Keller provides a came too late for incorporation in this volume. broad survey of the textures and crystal morphology of kaolins The attention of readers interested in the book under review formed under different conditions, and Lange applies the method may be directed to another publication, also edited by Manfred to a study of the role of porosity in weathering processes.SEM Stcirr, and also related to the same kaolin symposium, namely Ka- pictures also appear in other papers. Petrov et al. show the epitax- olin Deposits of the GDR in the Northern Region o! the Bohemian ial development of kaolinite on K-feldspar and of halloysite on Massif. This volume, reviewed by W. D. Keller, in Clays and Clay acid plagioclase by vacuum vaporization of gold on the devel- Minerals, 24, p. lO5, 1976,was preparedto provide "a basis for oping phases,the gold being taken up preferentially on crystal discussion for the kaolin symposium to be held in Dresdeq Sep- edges. Nikitina, Berchin and Zvyagin discuss kaolinite and hal- tember 1975." Keller describesthis book, which is in "good, read- loysite formation in the bauxite formations of the Ukrainian able English," as excellent and "a top-notch treatm€ot of what a Shield and give more attention to crystalline orderdsorder than symposium and field guide can be." My impression is that the two appears in most of the papers. They find significant variations in books complement each other. The present book clearly has a crystalline order in both kaolinites and halloysites; in rare cases much broaderarea ofinterest. they observed th€ two-Iay€r monoclinic halloysite structure which The present symposium, tog€ther with those which have gone Zvyagin has previously discussed.Chukhrov's broadly ranging pa- before it and several which have followed it, provide an imrnense per on the variety of eluvial clays also showsstriking electron-op- collection of data which must now be integrated. It is my under- tical pictures of polygonal or prismatic halloysites. Rus'ko also standing that the Committee on Correlation of Age and Genesisof discussesthe age and genesis of kaolins in the Ukrainian Shield Kaolin, under its secretary, Dr. Milos Kuzvart of Prague, is plan- and usesgold decoration to show th€ initial crystallization of ka- ning at least otre monograph documenting the rcsults of these olinite on cleavedmica surfaces.An outstandingpaper is provided me€tings and field excursions.Whether other aspectsof the inves- by St6rr of the GDR and Kuzvart and Neuzil of Czechoslovakia tigation of kaolin, such as mining and technological aspects,s'ill on the principal periods of kaolin formation on the Bohemian alsobe treatedis under discussion. Massif ranging from the Ordovician to the Upper Mesozoic, illus- G. W. BRTNDLEY trated by maps, charts, and cross-sections.A contribution bv The PennsvlvanioState Universitv

onn3_wx /'19 /0708-0939$00. s0