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Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics DrugDrug DiscoveriesDiscoveries && TherapeuticsTherapeutics ISSN 1881-7831 Online ISSN 1881-784X Volume 4, Number 5, October 2010 www.ddtjournal.com Shandong University China-Japan Cooperation Center for Drug Discovery & Screen International Advancement Center for Medicine & Health Research Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics Editor-in-Chief: Kazuhisa SEKIMIZU (The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan) Associate Editor: Norihiro KOKUDO (The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan) Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics is a peer-reviewed international journal published bimonthly by Shandong University China-Japan Cooperation Center for Drug Discovery & Screen (SDU-DDSC) and International Advancement Center for Medicine & Health Research Co., Ltd. (IACMHR Co., Ltd.). Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics mainly publishes articles related to basic and clinical pharmaceutical research such as pharmaceutical and therapeutical chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacy, pharmacokinetics, industrial pharmacy, pharmaceutical manufacturing, pharmaceutical technology, drug delivery, toxicology, and traditional herb medicine. Studies on drug-related fields such as biology, biochemistry, physiology, microbiology, and immunology are also within the scope of this journal. Subject Coverage: Basic and clinical pharmaceutical research including Pharmaceutical and therapeutical chemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmacy, Pharmacokinetics, Industrial pharmacy, Pharmaceutical manufacturing, Pharmaceutical technology, Drug delivery, Toxicology, and Traditional herb medicine. Language: English Issues/Year: 6 Published by: IACMHR and SDU-DDSC ISSN: 1881-7831 (Online ISSN 1881-784X) CODEN: DDTRBX Editorial and Head Office Wei TANG, MD PhD Executive Editor Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics Pearl City Koishikawa 603, 2-4-5 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-0003, Japan Tel: 03-5840-9697 Fax: 03-5840-9698 IACMHR CO., LTD. E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.ddtjournal.com www.ddtjournal.com i Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics Editorial Board Editor-in-Chief: Kazuhisa SEKIMIZU (The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan) Associate Editor: Norihiro KOKUDO (The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan) Executive Editor: Wei TANG (The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan) Managing Editor: Munehiro NAKATA (Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan) Web Editor: Yu CHEN (The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan) English Editors: Curtis BENTLEY (Roswell, GA, USA) Thomas R. LEBON (Los Angeles Trade Technical College, Los Angeles, CA, USA) China Offi ce: Wenfang XU (Shandong University, Shandong, China) Editorial Board Members: Yoshihiro ARAKAWA (Tokyo, Japan) Yuxiu LIU (Nanjing, China) Santad CHANPRAPAPH (Bangkok, Thailand) Hongxiang LOU (Jinan, China) Fen-Er CHEN (Shanghai, China) Ken-ichi MAFUNE (Tokyo, Japan) Zhe-Sheng CHEN (Queens, NY, USA) Norio MATSUKI (Tokyo, Japan) Zilin CHEN (Wuhan, China) Tohru MIZUSHIMA (Kumamoto, Japan) Guanhua DU (Beijing, China) Abdulla M. MOLOKHIA (Alexandria, Egypt) Chandradhar DWIVEDI (Brookings, SD, USA) Masahiro MURAKAMI (Osaka, Japan) Mohamed F. EL-MILIGI (Cairo, Egypt) Yoshinobu NAKANISHI (Ishikawa, Japan) Harald HAMACHER (Tuebingen, Germany) Yutaka ORIHARA (Tokyo, Japan) Hiroshi HAMAMOTO (Tokyo, Japan) Xiao-Ming OU (Jackson, MS, USA) Xiaojiang HAO (Kunming, China) Weisan PAN (Shenyang, China) Waseem HASSAN (Santa Maria, RS, Brazil) Rakesh P. PATEL (Gujarat, India) Langchong HE (Xi'an, China) Shafi qur RAHMAN (Brookings, SD, USA) David A. HORNE (Duarte, CA, USA) Shivanand P. PUTHLI (Mumbai, India) Yongzhou HU (Hangzhou, China) Adel SAKR (Cincinnati, OH, USA) Wei HUANG (Shanghai, China) Abdel Aziz M. SALEH (Cairo, Egypt) Yu HUANG (Hong Kong, China) Tomofumi SANTA (Tokyo, Japan) Hans E. JUNGINGER (Phitsanulok, Thailand) Yasufumi SAWADA (Tokyo, Japan) Amrit B. KARMARKAR (Mumbai, India) Brahma N. SINGH (Commack, NY, USA) Toshiaki KATADA (Tokyo, Japan) Hongbin SUN (Nanjing, China) Gagan KAUSHAL (Charleston, WV, USA) Benny K. H. TAN (Singapore, Singapore) Ibrahim S. KHATTAB (Safat, Kuwait) Renxiang TAN (Nanjing, China) Hiromichi KIMURA (Tokyo, Japan) Chandan M. THOMAS (Bradenton, FL, USA) Shiroh KISHIOKA (Wakayama, Japan) Murat TURKOGLU (Istanbul, Turkey) Kam Ming KO (Hong Kong, China) Zhengtao WANG (Shanghai, China) Nobuyuki KOBAYASHI (Nagasaki, Japan) Stephen G. WARD (Bath, UK) Toshiro KONISHI (Tokyo, Japan) Takako YOKOZAWA (Toyama, Japan) Masahiro KUROYANAGI (Hiroshima, Japan) Liangren ZHANG (Beijing, China) Chun Guang LI (Victoria, Australia) Jianping ZUO (Shanghai, China) Hongmin LIU (Zhengzhou, China) Jikai LIU (Kunming, China) (as of October 25, 2010) ii www.ddtjournal.com CONTENTS Volume 4, Number 5, 2010 Reviews 298 - 313 Development in malarial vaccine: A review. Meenakshi Dhanawat, Nirupam Das, Ramesh C. Nagarwal, J. K. Pandit 314 - 325 Fruit and vegetable peels: Paving the way towards the development of new generation therapeutics. Hamendra S. Parmar, Yamini Dixit, Anand Kar 326 - 333 Potential application of arginine in interaction analysis. Kentaro Shiraki, Atsushi Hirano, Yoshiko Kita, A. Hajime Koyama, Tsutomu Arakawa Original Articles 334 - 340 Anti-hyperlipidemic activity of Withania coagulans in streptozotocin-induced diabetes: A potent anti-atherosclerotic agent. Bhagawati Saxena 341 - 348 Investigation of phenolic leaf extract of Heimia myrtifolia (Lythraceae): Pharmacological properties (stimulation of mineralization of SaOS-2 osteosarcoma cells) and identifi cation of polyphenols. Nahla Ayoub, Abdel Naser Singab, Mohamed El-Naggar, Ulrike Lindequist 349 - 354 Evaluation of therapeutic effects and pharmacokinetics of antibacterial chromogenic agents in a silkworm model of Staphylococcus aureus infection. Tomoko Fujiyuki, Katsutoshi Imamura, Hiroshi Hamamoto, Kazuhisa Sekimizu 355 - 361 Effect of heparin-superoxide dismutase on γ-radiation induced DNA damage in vitro and in vivo. Jinfeng Liu, Xuan Wang, Haining Tan, Hong Liu, Yonggang Wang, Renqin Chen, Jichao Cao, Fengshan Wang www.ddtjournal.com iii CONTENTS (Continued) 362 - 367 In vivo evaluation of black and green tea dermal products against UV radiation. Murat Türkoğlu, Timuçin Uğurlu, Gülşah Gedik, Ayşe M. Yılmaz, A. Süha Yalçin 368 - 372 Reduced expression of Sytl 1 and Ccdc21 and impaired induction of Mt I by oxidative stress in SII-K1 knockout mice. Keiko Tano, Hiroshi Hamamoto, Takahiro Ito, Eriko Sumiya, Randeep Rakwal, Junko Shibato, Yoshinori Masuo, Kenichi Ijiri, Kazuhisa Sekimizu, Nobuyoshi Akimitsu 373 - 379 Preparation and in vitro evaluation of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) containing clotrimazole. Alaa A. Kassem, Maha A. Marzouk, Amal A. Ammar, Ghada H. Elosaily 380 - 387 Comparative evaluation of ketoconazole-β-cyclodextrin systems prepared by coprecipitation and kneading Maha A. Marzouk, Alaa A. Kassem, Ahmed M. Samy, Reham I. Amer Guide for Authors Copyright iv www.ddtjournal.com Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics. 2010; 4(5):298-313. 298 Review Development in malarial vaccine: A review Meenakshi Dhanawat*, Nirupam Das, Ramesh C. Nagarwal, J. K. Pandit* Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. ABSTRACT: Malaria, a vector-borne infectious children and women, succumb to it (1,2). disease, is currently a grave and universal concern Most of the drugs used in antimalarial chemotherapy with a significant social, economic, and human cost, are particularly active against the asexual blood forms mainly in developing countries. In addition, the of the parasite, which are responsible for the clinical emergence and spread of resistance to antimalarial symptoms of the disease (3). The increasing resistance therapies have further aggravated the global of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum to situation. Currently most of the research is focused currently available drugs and especially to chloroquine on development of antimalarial drugs, drug necessitates a continuous effort to develop more resistance, and novel formulations to maximize the effective therapeutic options (4,5). therapeutic effect. A number of novel molecules Malaria continues to exact a devastating social and potentially active against malarial parasites are economic cost across the globe. It strikes hardest at being developed. A vaccine is still viewed as a critical some of the poorest nations and is a significant root part of a long-term malaria control strategy. In and outcome of poverty. This is endemic in many the last several years various studies have shown developing nations; additionally malaria is also of significant progress in the development of vaccines serious concern to travelers, especially in the absence against malaria. Advancement in vaccine technology of a vaccine and in the face of widespread resistance and immunology is being used to develop malaria to several antimalarial drugs (6). The most common subunit vaccines that would open up new vistas etiological agent of malaria is P. falciparum, a highly for effective treatment and control of malaria. evolved unicellular parasite whose life cycle, shared The development of an effective malaria vaccine between an Anopheles mosquito vector and the human represents one of the most important approaches host, exhibits striking biological features that have that would provide a cost-effective intervention been exploited to seek intervention strategies for in addition to currently available malaria control malaria therapy (7). A logical and rational approach for strategies. An overview on progress in antimalarial vaccine development is imperatively needed. Devising vaccines is presented. an effective malaria vaccine
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