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Aldrich FT-IR Collection Edition I Library
Aldrich FT-IR Collection Edition I Library Library Listing – 10,505 spectra This library is the original FT-IR spectral collection from Aldrich. It includes a wide variety of pure chemical compounds found in the Aldrich Handbook of Fine Chemicals. The Aldrich Collection of FT-IR Spectra Edition I library contains spectra of 10,505 pure compounds and is a subset of the Aldrich Collection of FT-IR Spectra Edition II library. All spectra were acquired by Sigma-Aldrich Co. and were processed by Thermo Fisher Scientific. Eight smaller Aldrich Material Specific Sub-Libraries are also available. Aldrich FT-IR Collection Edition I Index Compound Name Index Compound Name 3515 ((1R)-(ENDO,ANTI))-(+)-3- 928 (+)-LIMONENE OXIDE, 97%, BROMOCAMPHOR-8- SULFONIC MIXTURE OF CIS AND TRANS ACID, AMMONIUM SALT 209 (+)-LONGIFOLENE, 98+% 1708 ((1R)-ENDO)-(+)-3- 2283 (+)-MURAMIC ACID HYDRATE, BROMOCAMPHOR, 98% 98% 3516 ((1S)-(ENDO,ANTI))-(-)-3- 2966 (+)-N,N'- BROMOCAMPHOR-8- SULFONIC DIALLYLTARTARDIAMIDE, 99+% ACID, AMMONIUM SALT 2976 (+)-N-ACETYLMURAMIC ACID, 644 ((1S)-ENDO)-(-)-BORNEOL, 99% 97% 9587 (+)-11ALPHA-HYDROXY-17ALPHA- 965 (+)-NOE-LACTOL DIMER, 99+% METHYLTESTOSTERONE 5127 (+)-P-BROMOTETRAMISOLE 9590 (+)-11ALPHA- OXALATE, 99% HYDROXYPROGESTERONE, 95% 661 (+)-P-MENTH-1-EN-9-OL, 97%, 9588 (+)-17-METHYLTESTOSTERONE, MIXTURE OF ISOMERS 99% 730 (+)-PERSEITOL 8681 (+)-2'-DEOXYURIDINE, 99+% 7913 (+)-PILOCARPINE 7591 (+)-2,3-O-ISOPROPYLIDENE-2,3- HYDROCHLORIDE, 99% DIHYDROXY- 1,4- 5844 (+)-RUTIN HYDRATE, 95% BIS(DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)BUT 9571 (+)-STIGMASTANOL -
Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Some Novel Thiophene, Pyrimidine, Coumarin, Pyrazole and Pyridine Derivatives
Acta Pharm. 67 (2017) 15–33 Original research paper DOI: 10.1515/acph-2017-0004 Synthesis and antitumor activity of some novel thiophene, pyrimidine, coumarin, pyrazole and pyridine derivatives MOHAMMED ALBRATTY1 2-Cyano-N-(thiazol-2-yl) acetamide (2a) and 2-cyano-N-(oxazol- 1,2 KARAM AHMED EL-SHARKAWY * 2-yl) acetamide (2b) were obtained via the reaction of ethyl cya- SHAMSHER ALAM1 noacetate with either 2-aminothiazole (1a) or 2-aminooxazole 1 Department of Pharmaceutical (1b). The formed products were directed toward the reaction Chemistry, College of Pharmacy with cyclopentanone and elemental sulfur in the presence of Jazan University, P.O. Box 114 triethylamine to give cyclopenta[b]thiophene derivatives (3a,b). Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia The latter products were reacted with either ethyl cyanoacetate or malononitrile to form compounds 4a,b and 5a,b, respectively. 2 Department of Organic Chemistry Compounds 4a,b were aimed at synthesizing some heterocyclic Faculty of Biotechnology compounds; thus internal cyclization reactions were intro- October University for Modern duced to form compounds 6a,b. Also, compounds 4a,b reacted Sciences and Arts (MSA) with salicylaldehyde, hydrazine derivatives and either urea or El-Wahat Road thiourea to produce coumarin derivatives (7a,b), pyrazole de- 6 October City, Egypt rivatives (8a-d) and pyrimidine derivatives (9a-d), respectively. Reaction of either benzaldehyde or benzene diazonium chlo- ride (11) with compounds 4a,b afforded compounds 10a,b and 12a,b, respectively. On the other hand, compounds 5a,b under- went internal cyclization to form pyrimidine derivatives 13a,b. Also, when compounds 5a,b reacted with either ethyl cyanoac- etate or malononitrile, they gave pyridine derivatives (15a-d) through the formation of intermediates (14a-d). -
Synthesis of the Caffeine Metabolites 5-Acetylamino-6-Formylamino- 3-Methyluracil (AFMU) and 5-Acetylamino-6-Amino-3-Methyluracil (AAMU) on a Preparative Scale R
Synthesis of the Caffeine Metabolites 5-Acetylamino-6-formylamino- 3-methyluracil (AFMU) and 5-Acetylamino-6-amino-3-methyluracil (AAMU) on a Preparative Scale R. Röhrkasten3, P. Raatz3, R. P. Kreher3*, M. Blaszkewiczb a Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Dortmund. D-44227 Dortmund b Institut für Arbeitsphysiologie an der Universität Dortmund, ZWE Analytische Chemie, Ardeystraße 67, D-44139 Dortmund Z. Naturforsch. 52b, 1526-1532 (1997); received April 7, 1995 Pyrimidine-diones, Caffeine Metabolites, Synthesis 5-Acetylamino-6-amino-3-methyluracil (AAMU) and 5-acetylamino-6-formylamino-3- methyluracil (AFMU) have been prepared by simple chemical transformations starting from thiourea and ethyl cyanoacetate. These compounds AAMU and AFMU are required as standard materials for qualitative identification and quantitative determination in connection with the metabolism of caffeine. Introduction procedures are applied to obtain weighable amounts. The first method consisted in the con The N-acetyltransferase plays an important role sumption of a caffeinated beverage and the extrac in the metabolism of many xenobiotics; the pro tion of the metabolites from the urine; but the duction of the enzyme is genetically controlled. In yields are low [10]. A very expensive synthetic dividuals differ in the amount of the acetylated procedure is based on a procedure of Khmelevskii metabolites and can be classified as slow or rapid et al. [3] modified by Tang et al. [10] using 1-MU acetylators. The acetylator status is connected with instead of uric acid. After acylation with formic some diseases such as diabetes mellitus and blad acid/acetic anhydride the yield was only 19% pro der cancer and the knowledge of it is for the bene ducing 2 mg of AFMU 9. -
Inventory Size (Ml Or G) 103220 Dimethyl Sulfate 77-78-1 500 Ml
Inventory Bottle Size Number Name CAS# (mL or g) Room # Location 103220 Dimethyl sulfate 77-78-1 500 ml 3222 A-1 Benzonitrile 100-47-0 100ml 3222 A-1 Tin(IV)chloride 1.0 M in DCM 7676-78-8 100ml 3222 A-1 103713 Acetic Anhydride 108-24-7 500ml 3222 A2 103714 Sulfuric acid, fuming 9014-95-7 500g 3222 A2 103723 Phosphorus tribromide 7789-60-8 100g 3222 A2 103724 Trifluoroacetic acid 76-05-1 100g 3222 A2 101342 Succinyl chloride 543-20-4 3222 A2 100069 Chloroacetyl chloride 79-04-9 100ml 3222 A2 10002 Chloroacetyl chloride 79-04-9 100ml 3222 A2 101134 Acetyl chloride 75-36-5 500g 3222 A2 103721 Ethyl chlorooxoacetate 4755-77-5 100g 3222 A2 100423 Titanium(IV) chloride solution 7550-45-0 100ml 3222 A2 103877 Acetic Anhydride 108-24-7 1L 3222 A3 103874 Polyphosphoric acid 8017-16-1 1kg 3222 A3 103695 Chlorosulfonic acid 7790-94-5 100g 3222 A3 103694 Chlorosulfonic acid 7790-94-5 100g 3222 A3 103880 Methanesulfonic acid 75-75-2 500ml 3222 A3 103883 Oxalyl chloride 79-37-8 100ml 3222 A3 103889 Thiodiglycolic acid 123-93-3 500g 3222 A3 103888 Tetrafluoroboric acid 50% 16872-11-0 1L 3222 A3 103886 Tetrafluoroboric acid 50% 16872-11-0 1L 3222 A3 102969 sulfuric acid 7664-93-9 500 mL 2428 A7 102970 hydrochloric acid (37%) 7647-01-0 500 mL 2428 A7 102971 hydrochloric acid (37%) 7647-01-0 500 mL 2428 A7 102973 formic acid (88%) 64-18-6 500 mL 2428 A7 102974 hydrofloric acid (49%) 7664-39-3 500 mL 2428 A7 103320 Ammonium Hydroxide conc. -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2009/0156618 A1 Tollefson (43) Pub
US 20090156618A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2009/0156618 A1 Tollefson (43) Pub. Date: Jun. 18, 2009 (54) 1-(1-(2-ETHOXYETHYL)-3-ETHYL-7- Related U.S. Application Data (4-METHYLPYRIDIN-2-YLAMINO) - 1H-PYRAZOLO 4.3-D PYRIMIDIN-5-YL) (60) Provisional application No. 60/735,320, filed on Nov. PPERDINE-4-CARBOXYLIC ACID AND 10, 2005. SALTS THEREOF Publication Classification (51) Int. Cl. (75) Inventor: Michael B. Tollefson, Dardenne A 6LX 3/59 (2006.01) Prairie, MO (US) C07D 487/04 (2006.01) A6IP 9/12 (2006.01) A6IP 25/00 (2006.01) Correspondence Address: A6IP 9/00 (2006.01) PFZER INC. PATENT DEPARTMENT, Bld 114 M/S 114, (52) U.S. Cl. ...................................... 514/262.1; 54.4/262 EASTERN PONT ROAD (57) ABSTRACT GROTON, CT 06340 (US) The present invention comprises 1-(1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-3- ethyl-7-(4-methylpyridin-2-ylamino)-1H-pyrazolo 4.3-d (73) Assignee: Pfizer Inc pyrimidin-5-yl)piperidine-4-carboxylic acid and its salts. The invention further comprises pharmaceutical composi tions, methods of treatment, and synthetic methods relating to (21) Appl. No.: 111558,306 1-(1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-3-ethyl-7-(4-methylpyridin-2- ylamino)-1H-pyrazolo 4.3-dipyrimidin-5-yl)piperidine-4- (22) Filed: Nov. 9, 2006 carboxylic acid and its salts. Patent Application Publication Jun. 18, 2009 Sheet 2 of 2 US 2009/0156618 A1 "SOIHZ US 2009/0156618 A1 Jun. 18, 2009 1-(1-(2-ETHOXYETHYL)-3-ETHYL-7- 1H-pyrazolo 4,3-dipyrimidin-5-yl)piperidine-4-carboxylic (4-METHYLPYRIDIN-2-YLAMINO) - acid and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts. -
Synthesis of Biologically Important Pyrrole Derivatives in Any 13C and 15N Isotope Enriched Form by Prativa B
Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Chemistry Volume 12 Issue 2 Version 1.0 February 2012 Type : Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 2249-4626 & Print ISSN: 0975-5896 Synthesis of Biologically Important Pyrrole Derivatives in Any 13C and 15N Isotope Enriched Form By Prativa B. S. Dawadi & Johan Lugtenburg Leiden University, Leiden Abstract - Recently the synthesis of [3-13C]-, [4-13C]-, and [11-13C]- porphobilinogen, [15N,13C4]-1H - pyrrole-2,3,5 - tricar - boxylic acid, [1-15N]-3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-pyrrole and [2-13C]- and [3-13C]-cyano-4- methyl-3-pyrrolin-2-one have been published. Incorporation of 13C and 15N in these systems at any position and combination of positions has become accessible. Also mild alkylations of active methylene compounds with α-halo carbonyl compounds open up many 3-pyrrolin-2- ones and pyrrole systems based on stable isotope building blocks that have been published. This gives the access to a whole new library of stable isotope enriched pyrroles in any stable isotope enriched form. This is also the case for biliverdin IXα which after enzymatic treatment has been converted into (2R)-phytochromobilin that reacts with its apoprotein to form intact active phytochrome. Keywords : [1-15N]-3-Cyano-4-methyl-1H-pyrrole, [3-13C], [4-13C]-, and [11-13C]-porphobilinogen, [ 15N, 13C4,] -1H-pyrrole-2,3,5-tricarboxylic acid and biliverdin IXα. GJSFR -B Classification: FOR Code: 030503, 040203, Synthesis Of Biologically Important Pyrrole Derivatives In Any 13C And 15N Isotope Enriched Form Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of: © 2012. -
Campro Catalog Stable Isotope
Introduction & Welcome Dear Valued Customer, We are pleased to present to you our Stable Isotopes Catalog which contains more than three thousand (3000) high quality labeled compounds. You will find new additions that are beneficial for your research. Campro Scientific is proud to work together with Isotec, Inc. for the distribution and marketing of their stable isotopes. We have been working with Isotec for more than twenty years and know that their products meet the highest standard. Campro Scientific was founded in 1981 and we provide services to some of the most prestigious universities, research institutes and laboratories throughout Europe. We are a research-oriented company specialized in supporting the requirements of the scientific community. We are the exclusive distributor of some of the world’s leading producers of research chemicals, radioisotopes, stable isotopes and environmental standards. We understand the requirements of our customers, and work every day to fulfill them. In working with us you are guaranteed to receive: - Excellent customer service - High quality products - Dependable service - Efficient distribution The highly educated staff at Campro’s headquarters and sales office is ready to assist you with your questions and product requirements. Feel free to call us at any time. Sincerely, Dr. Ahmad Rajabi General Manager 180/280 = unlabeled 185/285 = 15N labeled 181/281 = double labeled (13C+15N, 13C+D, 15N+18O etc.) 186/286 = 12C labeled 182/282 = d labeled 187/287 = 17O labeled 183/283 = 13C labeleld 188/288 = 18O labeled 184/284 = 16O labeled, 14N labeled 189/289 = Noble Gases Table of Contents Ordering Information.................................................................................................. page 4 - 5 Packaging Information .............................................................................................. -
Ethylene Glycol
Ethylene glycol Ethylene glycol (IUPAC name: ethane-1,2-diol) is an organic Ethylene glycol compound with the formula (CH2OH)2. It is mainly used for two purposes, as a raw material in the manufacture of polyester fibers and for antifreeze formulations. It is an odorless, colorless, sweet-tasting, viscous liquid. Contents Production Industrial routes Biological routes Historical routes Uses Coolant and heat-transfer agent Antifreeze Precursor to polymers Other uses Dehydrating agent Hydrate inhibition Applications Chemical reactions Toxicity Environmental effects Names Notes Preferred IUPAC name References Ethane-1,2-diol External links Other names Ethylene glycol 1,2-Ethanediol Production Ethylene alcohol Hypodicarbonous acid Monoethylene glycol Industrial routes 1,2-Dihydroxyethane Ethylene glycol is produced from ethylene (ethene), via the Identifiers intermediate ethylene oxide. Ethylene oxide reacts with water to CAS Number 107-21-1 (http produce ethylene glycol according to the chemical equation: s://commonche mistry.cas.org/d C2H4O + H2O → HO−CH2CH2−OH etail?cas_rn=10 7-21-1) 3D model (JSmol) Interactive This reaction can be catalyzed by either acids or bases, or can occur image (https://ch at neutral pH under elevated temperatures. The highest yields of emapps.stolaf.e ethylene glycol occur at acidic or neutral pH with a large excess of du/jmol/jmol.ph water. Under these conditions, ethylene glycol yields of 90% can be p?model=OCC achieved. The major byproducts are the oligomers diethylene glycol, O) triethylene glycol, and tetraethylene glycol. The separation of these oligomers and water is energy-intensive. About 6.7 million tonnes 3DMet B00278 (http://w are produced annually.[4] ww.3dmet.dna.af frc.go.jp/cgi/sho A higher selectivity is achieved by use of Shell's OMEGA process. -
Aldrich Organometallic, Inorganic, Silanes, Boranes, and Deuterated Compounds
Aldrich Organometallic, Inorganic, Silanes, Boranes, and Deuterated Compounds Library Listing – 1,523 spectra Subset of Aldrich FT-IR Library related to organometallic, inorganic, boron and deueterium compounds. The Aldrich Material-Specific FT-IR Library collection represents a wide variety of the Aldrich Handbook of Fine Chemicals' most common chemicals divided by similar functional groups. These spectra were assembled from the Aldrich Collections of FT-IR Spectra Editions I or II, and the data has been carefully examined and processed by Thermo Fisher Scientific. Aldrich Organometallic, Inorganic, Silanes, Boranes, and Deuterated Compounds Index Compound Name Index Compound Name 1066 ((R)-(+)-2,2'- 1193 (1,2- BIS(DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)-1,1'- BIS(DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)ETHAN BINAPH)(1,5-CYCLOOCTADIENE) E)TUNGSTEN TETRACARBONYL, 1068 ((R)-(+)-2,2'- 97% BIS(DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)-1,1'- 1062 (1,3- BINAPHTHYL)PALLADIUM(II) CH BIS(DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)PROPA 1067 ((S)-(-)-2,2'- NE)DICHLORONICKEL(II) BIS(DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)-1,1'- 598 (1,3-DIOXAN-2- BINAPH)(1,5-CYCLOOCTADIENE) YLETHYNYL)TRIMETHYLSILANE, 1140 (+)-(S)-1-((R)-2- 96% (DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)FERROCE 1063 (1,4- NYL)ETHYL METHYL ETHER, 98 BIS(DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)BUTAN 1146 (+)-(S)-N,N-DIMETHYL-1-((R)-1',2- E)(1,5- BIS(DI- CYCLOOCTADIENE)RHODIUM(I) PHENYLPHOSPHINO)FERROCENY TET L)E 951 (1,5-CYCLOOCTADIENE)(2,4- 1142 (+)-(S)-N,N-DIMETHYL-1-((R)-2- PENTANEDIONATO)RHODIUM(I), (DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)FERROCE 99% NYL)ETHYLAMIN 1033 (1,5- 407 (+)-3',5'-O-(1,1,3,3- CYCLOOCTADIENE)BIS(METHYLD TETRAISOPROPYL-1,3- IPHENYLPHOSPHINE)IRIDIUM(I) -
Preferential Synthesis of Ethanol from Syngas Via Dimethyl Oxalate Hydrogenation Over an Integrated Catalyst Chemcomm Chemical Communications Rsc.Li/Chemcomm
Showcasing research from Professor Yujun Zhao’s laboratory As featured in: at Tianjin University, Tianjin, China. Volume 55 Number 39 14 May 2019 Pages 5527–5672 Preferential synthesis of ethanol from syngas via dimethyl oxalate hydrogenation over an integrated catalyst ChemComm Chemical Communications rsc.li/chemcomm The cooperation of Fe5 C2 and CuZnO–SiO2 remarkably inhibited the formation of byproducts, resulting in a significantly high ethanol yield of about 98%. It opens a new route for the preferential synthesis of ethanol from syngas via hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate. ISSN 1359-7345 COMMUNICATION Ying He et al . Enantioselective iridium catalyzed α-alkylation of azlactones by a tandem asymmetric allylic alkylation/aza-Cope rearrangement See Yujun Zhao et al ., Chem . Commun ., 2019, 55 , 5555. rsc.li/chemcomm Registered charity number: 207890 ChemComm COMMUNICATION Preferential synthesis of ethanol from syngas via dimethyl oxalate hydrogenation over an Cite this: Chem. Commun., 2019, 55, 5555 integrated catalyst† Received 27th March 2019, Accepted 11th April 2019 Xin Shang, Huijiang Huang, Qiao Han, Yan Xu, Yujun Zhao, * Shengping Wang and Xinbin Ma DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02372k rsc.li/chemcomm An integrated catalyst that contains Fe5C2 and CuZnO–SiO2 with a (B553 K) is necessary for the synthesis of ethanol via DMO hydro- dual-bed configuration was designed for the preferential synthesis of genation, the formation of C3–4OH via the Guerbet reaction would ethanol via dimethyl oxalate hydrogenation. The cooperation of the two be highly facilitated by the surface basic sites on the Cu-based catalyst components remarkably inhibited the formation of various catalysts.17 Li’s group18 achieved a high ethanol yield of 95% by byproducts, resulting in a significantly high ethanol yield of about 98%. -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,101,662 B2 Tamarkin Et Al
USOO91 01662B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,101,662 B2 Tamarkin et al. (45) Date of Patent: *Aug. 11, 2015 (54) COMPOSITIONS WITH MODULATING A61K 47/32 (2013.01); A61 K9/0014 (2013.01); AGENTS A61 K9/0031 (2013.01); A61 K9/0034 (2013.01); A61 K9/0043 (2013.01); A61 K (71) Applicant: Foamix Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Rehovot 9/0046 (2013.01); A61 K9/0048 (2013.01); (IL) A61 K9/0056 (2013.01) (72) Inventors: Dov Tamarkin, Macabim (IL); Meir (58) Field of Classification Search Eini, Ness Ziona (IL); Doron Friedman, CPC ........................................................ A61 K9/12 Karmei Yosef (IL); Tal Berman, Rishon See application file for complete search history. le Ziyyon (IL); David Schuz, Gimzu (IL) (56) References Cited (73) Assignee: Foamix Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Rehovot U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS (IL) 1,159,250 A 11/1915 Moulton (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 1,666,684 A 4, 1928 Carstens patent is extended or adjusted under 35 1924,972 A 8, 1933 Beckert 2,085,733. A T. 1937 Bird U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. 2,390,921 A 12, 1945 Clark This patent is Subject to a terminal dis 2,524,590 A 10, 1950 Boe claimer. 2,586.287 A 2/1952 Apperson 2,617,754 A 1 1/1952 Neely 2,767,712 A 10, 1956 Waterman (21) Appl. No.: 14/045,528 2.968,628 A 1/1961 Reed 3,004,894 A 10/1961 Johnson et al. (22) Filed: Oct. 3, 2013 3,062,715 A 11/1962 Reese et al. -
Chlorine Dioxide Gas Treatment of Cantaloupe and Residue Analysis Simran Kaur Purdue University
Purdue University Purdue e-Pubs Open Access Theses Theses and Dissertations 2013 Chlorine Dioxide Gas Treatment of Cantaloupe and Residue Analysis Simran Kaur Purdue University Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_theses Part of the Food Science Commons Recommended Citation Kaur, Simran, "Chlorine Dioxide Gas Treatment of Cantaloupe and Residue Analysis" (2013). Open Access Theses. 47. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_theses/47 This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact [email protected] for additional information. CHLORINE DIOXIDE GAS TREATMENT OF CANTALOUPE AND RESIDUE ANALYSIS A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Purdue University by Simran Kaur In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science December 2013 Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana ii Two cantaloupes were in love. One said to the other, “Let’s run away together!” The other one said, “No. We cantelope.” iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Dr. Mark Morgan for giving me the opportunity to work on this project. I truly appreciate his support, encouragement and guidance and have thoroughly enjoyed every moment. I would also like to thank my committee members, Dr. Mario Ferruzzi and Dr. Peter Hirst for their suggestions, feedback and comments. Thank you to Ben Paxson for his help with equipment and also to Dr. Applegate for the lab space to do my project. I am also thankful for the help and support from all my friends, old and new, close and far, for their support and companionship throughout my graduate studies, especially my dear friend Nadra Guizani.