Thesaurus of Ephemera Terms

Barbara Morris Centre for Ephemera Studies November 2013

Department of Typography & Graphic Communication University of Reading Thesaurus of ephemera terms 1 Introduction This thesaurus is a project of the Centre for Ephemera Studies, based in the Department of Typography & Graphic Communication at the University of Reading. It is in some measure a follow up to the publication of the Encyclopedia of Ephemera, and had its inception in the realisation that the Encyclopedia, written by Maurice Rickards and edited by Michael Twyman, Amoret Tanner and Sally de Beaumont, was being used in ways for which it was not intended. The anticipated audience for this thesaurus is not primarily individual collectors but museums and other organisations which are becoming increasingly interested in ordering and cataloguing their ephemera. It is hoped that it may help in answering the question “What should I call this?” Work on the thesaurus has been based on the collections of the Centre for Ephemera Studies particularly the Maurice Rickards Collection which forms the basis of the Centre’s material. Rickards believed that studying ephemera could contribute to an understanding both of social history and of the development of printing and graphic design; and the items in the collection illustrate this, covering a wide range of subjects and genres, rather than focussing on large collections of specific types of artefact. 2 Scope 2.1 Genre/format terms Genre / format terms form the basic content of the thesaurus. They include not only printed ephemera but manuscript, typed and some born digital items. Digital equivalents already exist for many of the categories defined here, and no doubt many more will be produced in the future, but the thesaurus does not include digital items for which there are no hard copy equivalents. In addition to genre terms we have included: ·· Marks, defined as items that appear on documents but are not themselves artefacts, e.g. seals, perforations, holograms, impressed stamps, logos; ·· Paper types, that are of interest not primarily as substrates for printing or writing, but serve other purposes e.g. blotting paper, carbon paper, grocery papers, scented paper, flypapers. ·· Some processes. For processes such as embossing, and types of printing the user is referred to the bibliography at the end for useful information. 2.2 How ephemeral is ephemeral? Rickards defined ephemera as the ‘minor transient documents of everyday life’ but many collections include individual items that were not intended to be ephemeral, such as wills, accounts, etc. Many such items have evaded the systematic collections of record offices and archives, but can contribute to an understanding of social history, and have been considered suitable for inclusion. Specialist collections of maps, photographs, newspapers, artworks will have their own detailed terminology; this thesaurus covers such items only in their more ephemeral versions. Similarly mainline books have been excluded, though such items as drawing books, copy books, directories have been considered eligible. Some genres such as exhibition catalogues and manuals can be produced as flimsy, ephemeral documents or as substantial book-like objects. Policies of individual collections will decide whether or not to include such items. 2.3 Subject terms In general these have been included only where they qualify an artefact. The assumption is that most collections will already be using a subject thesaurus and will be applying those terms to their ephemera. For the subject content of pictures or illustrations users should consult a specialist thesaurus such as the Library of Congress Thesaurus of Graphic Materials. [See bibliography] 2.4 Substrate Paper ephemera form the basis of the thesaurus, but items on other substrates are included, e.g. wood, cork, celluloid, parchment, fabrics. 2.5 Specificity The degree of specificity varies: areas which are heavily collected such as stamps, beermats, postcards, matchboxes, are not treated in detail; such areas have a wide fan base which will have established classifications and terminology for their own fields. Forms proliferate within public service and commercial organisations: there has been no attempt to include all possible types, only those most often encountered in everyday life, or of specific historical interest. See the bibliography for more information. Nor have we attempted to include all the numerous terms used by the packaging business which has a wide industrial base. [See bibliography] 2.6 Geographical coverage. The thesaurus focuses on British materials, though some French, Italian, German and US terms have been included. 2.7 Changes over time Some items with a long history have changed their graphic form over the years, which makes the earlier term inappropriate, e.g. billhead, playbill. These and items which are no longer produced (except as facsimiles or pastiches) have been designated Hist. 3 Spelling UK rather than American spelling has been used. It is assumed that this will be changed if it conflicts with a collection’s existing practice. 4 Sources Choice of terms has been heavily influenced by the Encyclopedia of Ephemera with much guidance also from the Getty Art and Architecture Thesaurus, and the Library of Congress’ Thesaurus of Graphic Materials, both of which contain ephemera terms within their much wider scope. Many ephemera collecting societies and archive collections now have web sites and these too have been helpful. See bibliography below. The expertise of my colleagues Amoret Tanner and Michael Twyman of the Centre for Ephemera Studies has been essential. Individual help has also been received from Ann Copeland of the RBMS, Julie-Anne Lambert of the Bodleian Library’s John Johnson Collection, and Woody Woodis at Library of Congress. 5 Compilation and layout The Multites software has been used to compile the thesaurus. This governs alphabetisation and layout. The guidelines laid down in ANSI.NISO Z39.19-2005 have also been consulted. The sequence is alphabetical but a top-term output can be made available on request. 6 The future Copies of the thesaurus have been printed and issued to the copyright libraries and some others. We hope to provide a pdf version for download from the Department website. At present there are no plans to provide a searchable version. While not wishing to undermine the integrity of the thesaurus it is understood that users will adapt it for their own purposes as circumstances change The Centre welcomes any comments and suggestions for improvement received before the end of 2014, and we hope to issue a revised version in 2015. Please send comments and suggestions to [email protected].

Barbara Morris, Centre for Ephemera Studies November 2013 Key to abbreviations BT Broader term NT Narrower term RT Related term SN Scope note UF Use for

AAT Getty Art and Architecture Thesaurus EE Encyclopedia of Ephemera TGM Library of Congress Thesaurus of Graphic Materials Genre/format terms ESA Ephemera Society of America Bibliography Rickards, Maurice; edited by Michael Twyman, The Encyclopedia of Ephemera. London: British Library, 2000. Other useful thesauruses which contain ephemera terms: The Art and Architecture thesaurus. Getty Research Institute. Freely searchable online at http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/index.html Thesaurus of Graphic Materials. Library of Congress. Freely searchable online at http:// www.loc.gov/rr/print/tgm2/toc.html American Library Association: Rare Books and Manuscripts Section Controlled vocabularies: Genre terms: Alphabetical list http://www.rbms.info/committees/bibliographic_standards/controlled_vocabularies/ genre/alphabetical_list.html Further reading on specific aspects of ephemera. Forms More detailed information about, and examples of, forms in some areas where they proliferate will be found in: Bigland, Ralph, Observations on marriages, baptisms and burials as preserved in parochial registers. London: Printed by W. Richardson and S. Clark, 1764. Shelford’s Law of the Highways in England and Wales. 3rd ed. London, Henry Sweet, 1865. Appendix of forms. Secretarial practice: the manual of the Chartered Institute of Secretaries. 6th rev. ed. Cambridge: Heffer, 1951. Appendix F: Forms. Packaging Verstone, P.E., The manufacture of paper containers: the revised textbook on paper box and bag making. London: Verstone, 1949. Packaging catalog: practical information on packaging, catalogs of machinery, equipment and supplies used in packaging industries : complete buyers’ guide. New York: Breskin & Charlton, 1932. Printing Jacobi, Charles Thomas, The printers’ vocabulary: a collection of some 2500 technical terms, phrases, abbreviations and other expressions mostly relating to letterpress printing … London: The Chiswick Press, 1888. Freshwater, G. J. and Bastien, A., Pitman’s dictionary of advertising and printing. London: New Era Publishing Co., 1930. Wijnekus, F. J. M. ed, Elsevier’s dictionary of the printing and allied industries, in four languages, English, French, German, Dutch. Amsterdam: Elsevier Publishing Company, 1967. Stevenson, G. A., Graphic arts encyclopedia. New York: McGraw Hill, 1968. Griffiths, H., Prints and printmaking (with glossary). London: British Museum Publications, 1980. Kipphan, H., Handbook of print media: technologies and production methods. Berlin & Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2001. Advertising coins | 7

Address books NT Directory advertisements SN Blankbooks, usually arranged alphabetically, NT Domestic showcards in which the owner can record names, NT Flyers addresses and other contact details. NT Point-of-sale advertising BT Books NT Promotional materials NT Showcards Address labels NT Stud notices A SN Mostly adhesive or self-adhesive labels NT Trade advertisers bearing names and addresses for mailing RT Direct mail or for identifying possessions. Currently RT Posters ABC primers frequently provided by charities to RT Watchpapers SN Originally (16th century) booklets containing donors. May also be lined blank labels for spelling instruction and prayers. (Hist) customising. Advertising banknotes UF Abecedaries BT Labels USE Mock money BT Spelling aids RT Economy labels RT Alphabets RT Luggage labels Advertising blotters RT Battledores USE Blotters RT Hornbooks Addresses (Speeches) RT Pictorial alphabets USE Speeches Advertising booklets SN Slim, free booklets with thin board covers Abecedaries Addresses, Carriers’ and coloured wrappers. Often presented USE ABC primers USE Carriers’ addresses in the guise of a household guide, offering recipes, remedies, child-care hints, etc., Accident report forms Addresses, Ceremonial with more or less explicit references to the USE Incident report forms USE Ceremonial addresses advertiser’s products. 19th century on. (EE) BT Advertisements Accounts Addresses, Election BT Booklets SN Documents in which monies or goods USE Election addresses RT Brochures received and paid or given out are recorded in order to permit periodic totalling. (AAT) Addresses, Illuminated Advertising cards For formal records of an organisation’s USE Ceremonial addresses SN Cards distributed by retailers, financial situation use Financial statements. manufacturers, organisations or individuals BT Financial records Admission tickets to advertise or promote their business, NT Household accounts SN Tickets allowing admission to an institution product, site or event, sometimes as NT Public service accounts or event. Index also under the name of the give-aways. NT School accounts event or institution to which admission is For small printed sheets or cards bearing NT Workhouse accounts granted, e.g. theatres, museums, galleries. tradesmen’s advertisements from the RT Annual reports BT Tickets 17th through the mid-19th century, use RT Financial statements NT Benefit tickets Trade cards. For colour lithographed cards, RT Statements of accounts NT Charity event tickets mid-19th century on, use Advertising trade NT Hostel admission tickets cards. For cards bearing the name and Acquaintance cards NT Lecture tickets address of a business concern and often the SN Light-hearted variants of the visiting card, NT Season tickets (Events) name of its representative, and intended 1870–80s; used in less formal society, RT Invitations more for information than for advertising, containing brief message and illustration. use Business cards. For cards issued (Hist) Advance directives primarily to be collected, with or without UF Cards, Acquaintance USE Living wills advertisements on them, use Collecting UF Cards, Escort cards. For larger cards primarily intended to UF Cards, Flirtation Advantage cards be displayed as public advertisements, use UF Escort cards USE Loyalty cards Showcards. (AAT adapted) UF Flirtation cards UF Cards, Advertising BT Visiting cards Advent calendars BT Advertisements RT Conversation cards SN Calendars that are used to count or BT Cards celebrate the days of Advent in anticipation NT Cameo cards Activity sheets of Christmas. Now mostly for children with NT Cartes porcelaine SN Includes sheets for children produced by flaps to lift for each day revealing an image NT Prostitutes’ cards organisations such as theme parks, ferries, or gift. NT Stock cards etc., and sheets for family entertainment BT Calendars RT Business cards with games, puzzles, etc. For school-based RT Flap images RT Call-back literature sheets use Worksheets. RT Collecting cards UF Amusement sheets Advertisements RT Display cards BT Sheets SN Items announcing the availability of goods RT Sailing notices RT Learning aids or services through purchase or other RT Showcards RT Quiz sheets means. (TGM amended) RT Sports cards RT Worksheets NT Advertising booklets RT Trade cards NT Advertising cards Addenda slips NT Advertising coins Advertising coins SN Slips of paper inserted in books or NT Advertising envelopes SN Relief-stamped metal foil, cardboard discs documents containing additional NT Advertising novelties or metal-embossed adhesive stickers information. NT Advertising supplements containing advertising messages. (Hist) UF Slips, Addenda NT Brochures UF Coins, Advertising RT Errata slips NT Chop papers BT Advertisements NT Circulars BT Mock money 8 | Advertising covers

Advertising covers Affidavits distributed to recipients. (EE) Some forms USE Advertising envelopes SN Written statements confirmed by oath for provide decorative pictorial greetings with use as evidence in court. room only for a signature. (Hist) Advertising envelopes BT Legal documents UF Airgraphs SN Envelopes containing advertising matter, RT Oaths UF Forms, Airgraph whether pictorial or just textual. UF V-mail UF Advertising covers Agency certificates BT Mail UF Cards, Corner SN US. Certificates appointing retailers RT Air letter sheets UF Corner cards as approved outlets; supplied by the RT Airgraph envelopes UF Covers, Advertising manufacturers of products. (EE) RT Airmail stationery BT Advertisements UF Manufacturers’ certificates RT Telegrams BT Envelopes BT Certificates RT Cameo cards Airgraphs Agendas USE Airgraph forms Advertising novelties SN Lists of the items to be discussed at SN Advertising items in unusual forms or meetings. Airline menus shapes, e.g. metamorphic items, items BT Lists USE Travel menus printed on unusual substances – wood, foil, RT Minutes cork, leather, etc. For everyday items with Airline tickets printed advertising on them (e.g. Mats, Fans) Agreements UF Tickets, Airline see Promotional materials. SN Writing made to evidence the terms and BT Travel tickets UF Novelties, Advertising conditions, or the fact, of an accord or RT Boarding cards BT Advertisements arrangement. (AAT) RT Novelty works NT Contracts Airline timetables RT Promotional materials NT Prenuptial agreements BT Travel timetables RT Spoofs Air letter sheets Airmail covers Advertising stamps SN Thin lightweight pieces of foldable and USE Postal covers SN Advertisements in the form of postage gummed paper for writing a letter, providing stamps. letter paper and envelope in one. Mostly Airmail envelopes UF Stamps, Advertising unpaid but some prepaid ones were BT Airmail stationery BT Cinderella stamps produced. RT Postal covers RT Poster stamps UF Aerograms UF Air letters Airmail etiquettes Advertising stickers UF Letters, Air USE Airmail labels BT Stickers BT Airmail stationery RT Airgraph forms Airmail labels Advertising supplements RT Telegrams SN Labels to attach to envelopes indicating that SN Supplements to newspapers or magazines, the item is to be sent by airmail. prepared by advertising rather than editorial Air letters UF Airmail etiquettes staff. USE Air letter sheets UF Labels, Airmail UF Supplements, advertising BT Postal labels BT Advertisements Air transport labels RT Airmail stationery RT Circulars SN Can include airline luggage labels, stickers, or tags and airline freight labels and poster Airmail stamps Advertising trade cards stamps. Used to advertise the services of SN Postage stamps intended to pay for a piece SN Trade cards printed in multiples from the world’s airlines since the beginning of of mail to be transported by air; either an the mid-19th century, frequently commercial aviation in the immediate post airmail fee that is charged in addition to chromolithographed. (Hist) World War I years. (ESA) the surface rate, or the full airmail rate. BT Trade cards UF Destination tags (Wikipedia) Initially Airmail stamps were NT Liebig cards BT Labels regular stamps with a special overprint or cancellation. Aerial photographs Aircraft manifests UF Stamps, Airmail SN Photographs of what can be seen from SN Lists of the passengers (or in the case of a BT Postage stamps an elevated position. Usually applied to cargo flight, parcels) and crew of an aircraft RT Airmail stationery photographs taken from an aeroplane, but compiled before departure based on flight can also include other non-ground-based check-in information. (Wikipedia) Airmail stationery platforms, e.g. balloons, kites, parachutes. UF Flight manifests SN Lightweight writing paper and envelopes. BT Photographs BT Manifests BT Stationery RT Bird’s eye views NT Air letter sheets Airgraph envelopes NT Airmail envelopes Aerial propaganda SN Envelopes (118 × 95mm) with a cut-out RT Airgraph envelopes SN Propaganda leaflets and later newspapers window to allow the address to be seen, RT Airgraph forms and magazines of the kind dropped from specifically for sending airgraphs. (Hist) RT Airmail labels aircraft over enemy or occupied territory. BT Envelopes RT Airmail stamps Can include novelty items. RT Airgraph forms UF Propaganda, Aerial RT Airmail stationery Airship timetables RT Leaflets SN (Hist) Airgraph forms BT Travel timetables Aerograms SN Printed forms used for personal Airworthiness certificates USE Air letter sheets communications in wartime Letters were SN Certificates issued to aircraft that are photographed and reduced, the films properly registered and found to be in a sent abroad, and the letters printed and condition for safe operations. Armorial bookplates | 9

BT Certificates Alphabet letters Announcements RT MOT certificates SN Individual letters of the alphabet mainly SN Small notices that inform the reader of used as learning aids, but also for creating an event or other news, such as births, Album cards notices, labels, etc. weddings, publications. (TGM amended) SN Collecting cards intended for display in UF Letters, Alphabet BT Notices albums, often in series. BT Alphabets RT Press releases UF Cards, Album NT Transfer letters BT Collecting cards RT Learning aids Annual reports SN Reports on the activities and performance Album covers Alphabet sheets of companies or other organisations USE Record covers SN Sample alphabets, in different styles over the preceding year. Usually include provided as learning materials for accounts. Album pages calligraphers or for practising handwriting. BT Reports SN Loose leaves from albums. UF Calligraphy alphabets RT Accounts UF Pages, Album BT Alphabets RT Company prospectuses BT Albums RT Type specimen sheets BT Leaves Annuals Alphabets SN Yearly publications. Often volumes Albums SN Depictions of the sets of letters or symbols associated with weekly or monthly SN Bound or loose-leaf sets of leaves. Includes with which a language is written. magazines or children’s comics. handmade albums and published volumes NT Alphabet letters BT Books of blank pages designed for the addition NT Alphabet sheets of images, cuttings, keepsakes, botanical NT Battledores Anonymous letters items such as pressed flowers, etc. (TGM NT Hornbooks SN Letters sent without any signature or author amended) Often in the form of ring binders NT Pictorial alphabets acknowledgment. with sheets of pockets in which to insert RT ABC primers BT Letters items to be displayed. RT Learning aids NT White feather letters BT Blankbooks RT Type specimen sheets NT Album pages Antimacassars NT Autograph albums Altar cards USE Head rest covers NT Baby albums SN Sets of cards placed on a Christian altar, NT Cigarette card albums typically one in the middle and one at either Apothecaries’ labels NT Cigarette card books end, containing certain portions of the USE Medicine labels NT Crest albums Eucharistic prayers, to assist the priest’s NT Photograph albums memory. (AAT) Usually decorative. Appeals NT Postcard albums UF Cards, Altar SN Requests for help, usually financial. NT Wedding albums RT Religious cards UF Begging letters RT Commonplace books UF Letters, Begging Alternative currency NT Ballad appeals Alcohol sales licences SN Money issued by businesses, military NT Charity appeal materials SN Licences allowing the holder to sell alcohol organisations or local (rather than national) NT Charity subscription lists for consumption either on or off (or in some governments, often as payment of wages or NT Gratuity requests cases both) the premises. to provide small change. (TGM) NT Unemployed appeals UF Drinks licences BT Money RT Call-back literature BT Licences NT Change pin-papers RT Petitions NT Farthing novelettes Algorithms NT Sales tax tokens Application forms SN Sets of rules or processes used for RT Improvised currency SN Preprinted forms for applying for jobs, calculation or problem solving especially passports, membership, grants, etc. with computers. Often in flowchart format. Amusement sheets BT Forms RT Flow diagrams USE Activity sheets NT Electoral roll forms RT Instructions NT Membership forms Anatomical diagrams Almanacks SN Diagrams of parts of the human or animal Appointment cards USE Almanacs body, e.g., skeletons, particular organs, SN Cards used by such as dentists to remind musculature, labelled with their names. clients of the date and time of their Almanacs Often with movable parts. appointment. (EE) SN Publications, usually annuals, in book, BT Diagrams BT Business stationery booklet or individual sheet form, containing BT Learning aids BT Cards a variety of useful pieces of miscellaneous, RT Mechanical works often religious or statistical information; AQ lettersheets usually including a calendar; originally Animal lost / found notices SN Prepaid letter sheets issued by the Venetian included projections of coming days, SN Notices that may be posted by individuals or government in 1608. The sheets bore the months, and holidays. (AAT amended) animal rescue agencies, announcing the loss letters ‘AQ’ and the lion of Venice, below UF Almanacks or finding of an individual animal. Usually which was a statement of the statute NT Gratuity almanacs include a description, and more recently, a by which the system operated with a RT Calendars photograph. surcharge of 4 soldi on the cost of posting a RT Diaries UF Lost cat notices letter. (Hist) RT Religious calendars UF Lost dog notices BT Postal stationery RT Year planners BT Lost and found notices RT Personal notices Armorial bookplates Alphabet books SN Bookplates bearing such heraldic devices as USE Pictorial alphabets coats of arms. (TGM) 10 | Arrangement of carriages diagrams

UF Heraldic bookplates Attendance records BT Bookplates SN Records of attendance at school, church, RT Coats of arms clubs, etc. UF Registers BT Records (Documents) B Arrangement of carriages diagrams USE Train diagrams NT School attendance records RT Attendance certificates Arrest warrants RT Calendars of assizes Baby albums SN Warrants issued by and on behalf of RT Passenger lists SN Albums in which are pasted photographs authority for the arrest and detention of an RT Visitor lists and other records of the birth and growth individual. (Wikipedia) of a baby. BT Warrants Auction bills BT Albums USE Auction sale notices Art work Back labels USE Artwork, Original Auction sale catalogues SN Labels fixed to the back of wine bottles, SN Catalogues of items to be sold at auction on often providing information about the wine, Artists’ invitations a specific date(s). vineyard or region. SN Invitations, sent by the artist rather than UF Catalogues, Auction sale BT Wine labels a gallery, to attend exhibitions or private BT Dealers’ catalogues views. RT Inventories Badges BT Invitations SN Devices indicating support for a cause, Auction sale notices achievements, membership of a society or Artwork, Original SN Posters or flyers announcing an auction group, or a symbol of authority. May be of SN Artist’s drawings and designs prepared sale. various materials, usually intended to be as originals from which reproductions are UF Auction bills worn on the person. (TGM amended) made. UF Notices, Auction sale UF Buttons, Campaign UF Art work BT Sale notices UF Campaign buttons RT Designs UF Pin buttons RT Layouts Auditorium seating plans UF Ribbon badges RT Pictures UF Theatre seating plans NT Charity badges RT Visuals BT Seating plans NT Enclosure badges NT Name badges Assembly instructions Authenticity certificates RT Labels SN Instructions on how to put together an item SN Certificates attesting the authenticity or RT Rosettes of equipment or piece of furniture that has provenance of artworks. been purchased unassembled. BT Certificates Baggage labels BT Instructions USE Luggage labels Autograph albums Assignats SN Blankbooks or loose-leaf binders in which Bags SN Paper currency produced by the the owner collects the autographs of friends SN Containers, usually rectangular in shape, revolutionary government, representing or celebrities. open at one end and made of paper, plastic, confiscated crown and church lands; used BT Albums or cloth; often printed with promotional as a substitute for metal currency during the RT Sketchbooks material or slogans. financial emergency in revolutionary France, NT Carrier bags 1789–96 (EE) (Hist) Autographs NT Disposal bags BT Emergency currency SN Names of individuals written in their own NT Gift bags hand, usually as a signature. NT Money bags Asylum cards BT Marks NT Paper bags SN Cards dispensed by benefactors allowing NT Plastic bags the recipient entry to an asylum. 19th Award certificates RT Packaging century. (Hist) SN Certificates awarded to people who have RT Sachets UF Cards, Asylum achieved goals, targets or qualifications, RT Wrappers BT Charity election cards fulfilled pledges, or provided services to an organisation or cause. Bags-for-life At home cards UF Reward certificates SN Carrier bags available from retailers, at a SN Cards left with friends indicating which BT Certificates price, to reduce the production of plastic day(s) / time(s) a hostess would be receiving RT Diplomas bags. Often made from recycled materials. visitors informally. RT Pledge cards BT Carrier bags BT Cards RT Rewards of merit RT Visiting cards Bags, Kite Awards of merit USE Kite bags Attendance cards, Funeral USE Rewards of merit USE Funeral attendance cards Bale labels Awareness ribbons SN Labels produced by the textile industry Attendance certificates USE Lapel ribbons mainly from 1890s to 1970s, in the form of SN Includes certificates indicating that a pupil pictorial trademarks, fixed on the outside of has attended school regularly; and those bales or bolts of cloth and also in between given by conferences/courses to confirm layers within. attendance by an employee wishing to UF Bolt labels claim expenses. BT Certificates RT Attendance records Betting slips | 11

UF Labels, Bale any type of account offered by a financial Battlefield maps BT Fabric labels institution. (Wikipedia) SN Maps showing the disposal and movement BT Financial statements of troops in a battle. Ballad appeals BT Maps SN Appeals in verse offered on the streets by Bankers’ drafts ex-servicemen and the unemployed; 19th SN Cheques where the funds are taken directly Bearer bonds century and into 1930s. (Hist) from the financial institution rather than the SN Transferable share certificates not naming BT Appeals individual drawer’s account. a specific holder, provided with coupons RT Ballads BT Cheques attached to the main document that are RT Bellmen’s verses RT Bills of exchange designed to be detached at stated intervals RT Gratuity requests RT Money and exchanged for interest payments. RT Postal orders UF Bonds, Bearer Ballads RT Promissory notes BT Stock certificates SN Popular verses, sentimental, scandalous or satirical, cheaply printed and sold often on Banknotes Beehives the streets by itinerant vendors. From 15th SN Promissory notes issued by banks, payable USE Cobwebs century. to the bearer on demand without interest, UF Street ballads and circulating as money. (TGM) Beer mats BT Street literature UF Bank notes USE Beermats RT Ballad appeals BT Money RT Bellmen’s verses BT Promissory notes Beermats RT Popular prints RT Bills of exchange SN Mats made of absorbent cardboard RT Sheet music produced by drinks companies advertising RT Song sheets Banners their products. Found predominantly in SN Sheets of cloth, plastic or paper intended pubs. Ballot papers for carrying or hanging in public, bearing UF Beer mats SN Sheets of paper, cards, or other devices information or advertising. UF Drip mats used to cast a vote or announce a list NT Banderoles BT Coasters of candidates. (TGM amended) May also NT Pennants BT Promotional materials include rules and other information RT Bunting RT Table stationery pertaining to an election. RT Paper flags UF Papers, Ballot RT Placards Beetle drive cards UF Polling cards SN Cards for beetle drive games, set out with UF Voting papers Banquet menus 12 rectangles and a picture of a stylised BT Forms SN Menus for formal dinners with many guests, beetle. often followed by speeches in favour of a BT Games Bandanas cause or in celebration of an event. USE Handkerchiefs BT Menus Begging letters USE Appeals Banderoles Baptismal certificates SN Long narrow flags or streamers, often SN Certificates that record or commemorate Bellmen’s verses incorporating text. baptisms. SN Sheets conveying Christmas or New Year UF Banderols BT Certificates good wishes delivered to households, BT Banners RT Birth certificates implicitly soliciting tips. Second half 17th to RT Paper flags RT Frakturs late 19th centuries. (Hist) RT Pennants BT Call-back literature Baseball cards BT Gratuity requests Banderols SN Advertising or collectable cards that RT Ballad appeals USE Banderoles feature portraits of baseball players, other RT Ballads people, or topics associated with the RT Carriers’ addresses Bandos game. Introduced c.1886 by a tobacco USE Health and safety notices company; also popular with bubble gum Benefit match tickets manufacturers beginning in the 1930s. USE Benefit tickets Bands UF Cards, Baseball SN Paper strips encircling a product or package, BT Sports cards Benefit tickets e.g. for envelopes, stationery, shoelaces. SN Tickets for benefit performances (for UF Book bands Battels musical or theatrical performers) or for BT Packaging SN Accounts with or terminal bill from a college sporting matches. NT Cigar bands or university for board, kitchen, expenses, UF Benefit match tickets etc. UF Tickets, Benefit Bank mandates BT Educational invoices BT Admission tickets SN Written instructions from a customer to a RT Charity event tickets bank, or between banks. Battledores BT Mandates SN Card alphabets, containing words and Berlin patterns phrases, usually folded, often with woodcut SN Coloured charts for embroidery using Bank notes illustrations, provided as reading aids. mainly Berlin wools, as well as other types USE Banknotes Mid-18th to mid-19th centuries. (Hist) of thread and occasionally silk or beads. BT Alphabets BT Embroidery patterns Bank statements BT Learning aids SN Summaries of all financial transactions RT ABC primers Betting slips occurring over a given period of time on RT Hornbooks USE Betting tickets 12 | Betting tickets

Betting tickets RT Manifests NT Albums SN Records of bets often, and initially, for horse RT Waybills NT Notebooks or dog racing. NT Scrapbooks UF Betting slips Bills of mortality BT Tickets SN Records of deaths normally kept at local Blood donor cards RT Football pools coupons level, and usually posted, from 16th century. SN Form of identity cards for blood donors RT Lottery tickets (Hist) giving the donor number and blood group. RT Raffle tickets BT Records (Documents) Some may hold records of donations. RT Sweepstake tickets RT Casualty lists BT Donor cards RT Health records Bible cards Bills of sale SN Cards with illustrations of bible stories and SN Documents that provide evidence of the Blotters parables, or sometimes just an illuminated transfer of the title to personal property SN Blotters bearing advertisements, from text. The reverse typically holds a short from the seller to the buyer. the late 19th century up until the 1960s. message instead of a prayer. Sometimes BT Legal documents Sometimes die-cut into shapes, e.g. ink issued in sets and often given as rewards in bottles. Customized advertising blotters are Sunday schools. Binders’ labels still produced today. (AAT amended) UF Cards, Bible SN Small labels (10 × 20mm) giving briefest UF Advertising blotters BT Religious cards details of binder’s name and address, mostly BT Promotional materials RT Rewards of merit rectangular, often pasted at top left-hand RT Blotting paper corner of verso of flyleaf. Bicycle maps UF Binders’ tickets Blotting paper USE Cycle maps UF Bookbinders’ labels SN Absorbent paper used to dry ink on BT Book labels handwritten documents. May appear in Bike maps RT Trade labels special folders, or as tear-outs in other USE Cycle maps documents. Binders’ tickets BT Paper types Billheads USE Binders’ labels BT Stationery SN Printed forms, characterized by a heading RT Blotters containing the name of a company or name Bingo cards and address, and often embellished, on SN Cards for playing the game bingo, set out as Board game cards which a statement of money due is, or is a grid with a random set of numbers. SN Cards designed for use in specific board intended to be, recorded. (AAT amended). BT Games games, usually containing information or Printed billheads evolved from the instructions as to the next move. tradesman’s all-purpose name-and-address Bird’s eye views BT Board games slip known as the trade card, and were SN Graphic representations of scenes portrayed BT Cards echoed by the commercial letterhead of the as if viewed from above at an oblique angle. RT Playing cards 20th century. (EE) Use for items from 18th (TGM) Generally of a city or town. century to late 19th century. (Hist) BT Pictures Board game money BT Invoices RT Aerial photographs SN Mock money provided for use with board RT Letterheads games e.g., Monopoly. Birdcages UF Game money Bills (Invoices) USE Cobwebs BT Board games USE Invoices BT Mock money Birth certificates Bills (Posters) SN Official documents recording the birth of a Board game pieces USE Playbills child. SN Pieces manipulated by participants during USE Posters BT Certificates the play of table and board games. RT Baptismal certificates UF Game pieces Bills of exchange BT Board games SN Non-interest-bearing, transferable written Birthday cards orders that bind one party to pay a fixed UF Cards, Birthday Board games sum of money to another party at a BT Greetings cards SN Games in which pieces are placed, predetermined date. Historically a form of removed, or moved on a pre-marked paper currency. Blank-books surface or board according to a set of rules. BT Negotiable instruments USE Blankbooks (Wikipedia) RT Bankers’ drafts UF Boardgames RT Banknotes Blank books UF Games of goose RT Cheques USE Blankbooks UF Table games RT Postal orders BT Games RT Promissory notes Blank forms NT Board game cards USE Forms NT Board game money Bills of fare NT Board game pieces USE Menus Blank greetings cards NT Game boards SN Greetings cards with no preprinted Bills of lading messages. Boardgames SN Statements of goods loaded for transport in BT Greetings cards USE Board games a ship. They itemise goods to be carried and Blankbooks name the shipper and the consignee. For SN Books of blank, mostly blank, or ruled pages, Boarding cards similar documents relating to land transport or of printed forms. (AAT) SN Cards or papers issued and required by use Waybills. UF Blank-books airlines to allow boarding of aircraft. BT Lists UF Blank books UF Cards, Boarding BT Books Borrowers’ cards | 13

BT Passes Book marks Books RT Airline tickets USE Bookmarks SN Books are not usually regarded as ephemera. Included here are terms that Bobèches Book matches include the word book, as well as others USE Candle shields USE Matchbook covers that present ephemera in book form or developed from ephemera in sheet or Bolt labels Book plates booklet form. USE Bale labels USE Bookplates NT Address books NT Annuals Bonds, Bearer Book prospectuses NT Blankbooks USE Bearer bonds SN Printed descriptions of or advertisements NT Chapbooks for books, issued before publication in an NT Colouring books Book-matches attempt to generate interest and advance NT Commonplace books USE Matchbook covers orders. NT Copybooks BT Prospectuses NT Correspondence books Book and magazine posters NT Sample pages NT Directories SN Posters advertising new books, or NT Drawing books promoting new or existing magazines. Book tokens NT Flip books BT Posters SN Vouchers for a specified amount, with NT Postcard books RT Magazines coupons and sometimes a bookplate, for the NT Presentation books purchase of books. Used for gifts; usually NT Pressbooks Book bands with a decorative card. Now mostly plastic. NT Ration books USE Bands BT Gift vouchers NT Sample books NT Score books Book cards Book wrappers NT Sketchbooks SN Small cards bearing brief details of a book, USE Book jackets NT Title pages inserted into a pocket on the inside front NT Toy books cover of a library book, to be transferred Bookazines NT Viewbooks to a borrower’s ticket (also in the form of a SN Perfect-bound, magazine-sized soft back RT Book jackets pocket) on issuing the book, as a record of books focusing on a particular subject RT Book labels the transaction. matter. RT Bookazines BT Cards RT Books RT Booklets RT Magazines RT Catalogues Book donor labels RT Dummies (Bookselling) SN Printed acknowledgement slips affixed to Bookbinders’ labels RT Leaflets books donated to a library, giving the name USE Binders’ labels RT Proofs of the donor. UF Ex-dono labels Booklets Books of words UF Labels, Book donor SN Small books consisting of a few sheets USE Libretti BT Library labels that are glued, stitched or stapled together between thin card, cloth or paper covers. Books, Specimen Book jackets (AAT). Distinguished from pamphlets by USE Sample books SN Detachable covers, usually made of paper having a cover. and printed with text, and often illustrations, NT Advertising booklets Books, Tunnel that have flaps that wrap around the front NT Farthing novelettes USE Peepshows and back book covers. Usually issued with NT Libretti the book, but some are home made, and RT Books Booksellers’ labels some were issued by libraries. RT Brochures SN Labels usually affixed to the front UF Book wrappers RT Leaflets pastedown of a book, or on the recto of the UF Dust jackets RT Pamphlets flyleaf. Widely used in 19th century, in effect UF Dust wrappers a miniature trade card. Traditionally printed UF Jackets, Book Bookmarks in black on a thin colour-tinted paper and in UF Wrappers, Book SN Paper, cardboard, cloth, leather or other a variety of shapes. Nowadays sometimes UF Wrappers, Dust materials used to hold a place in a book. labels bearing the title and barcode affixed BT Protective coverings Frequently used for advertising. to the back cover of a book. BT Wrappers UF Book markers UF Labels, Booksellers’ RT Books UF Book marks UF Printers’ labels RT Ribbons BT Book labels Book labels SN Any type of label affixed to a book. Bookmatches Born digital items BT Labels USE Matchbook covers SN Use for printouts of items that are created NT Binders’ labels and managed in digital form, e.g. email NT Bookplates Bookplates messages, websites, digital photography. NT Booksellers’ labels SN Book owners’ identification labels; usually NT E-tickets NT Library labels intended for pasting inside a book. NT Emails NT Prize labels UF Book plates NT Spam NT Stationers’ labels UF Ex libris RT Books BT Book labels Borrowers’ cards NT Armorial bookplates SN Small cards in the form of pockets, bearing Book markers RT Ownership marks details of the issuing library and of the USE Bookmarks RT Prize labels borrower to whom they have been issued. Used to record loans, in libraries using the Browne issuing system. 14 | Bottle labels

UF Readers’ cards RT Circulars Bus timetables BT Library cards RT Flyers BT Travel timetables

Bottle labels Bubblegum cards Business cards SN Labels applied by the manufacturer USE Sports cards SN Cards carried by individuals containing or supplier to bottles of liquid or other the person’s name and contact details, substances, including home-made produce. Bubblegum wrappers and the name of the business, profession UF Labels, Bottle USE Gum wrappers or organisation. Produced for handing to BT Product labels clients. NT Deposit labels Budgets BT Business stationery NT Neck labels SN Estimates of all planned expenses and BT Cards NT Wine labels revenues. RT Advertising cards BT Financial records RT Cameo cards Boxes RT Trade cards SN Cardboard or other thin card or wood Bulletins RT Visiting cards containers, usually rectangular, oval USE Newsletters or circular with a lid or cover, in which Business stationery something non-liquid is kept or carried. (AAT Bumper stickers SN Index under narrower term where possible. amended) USE Car stickers BT Stationery BT Packaging NT Appointment cards NT Cartons Bunting NT Business cards NT Counter display boxes SN Any festive decorations made of fabric, NT Compliments slips NT Matchboxes plastic, paper or cardboard, to be displayed NT Credit notes in the open air. Typical forms of bunting NT Estimates Bradshaws are strings of colourful triangular flags and NT Invoices SN British railway timetables first developed lengths of fabric. (Wikipedia) NT Letterheads by George Bradshaw (1801–53). After his RT Banners NT Order books death they continued to be published RT Festival decorations NT Order forms by Henry Blacklock & Co. Produced from RT Paper flags NT Receipts 1839–1961. Bradshaws were mostly British, RT Pennants NT Statements of accounts but some covered European train times NT Trade cards and these sometimes included guide-book Burial-right deeds RT Contracts information. (Hist) SN Documents conferring on a named person RT Financial records BT Railway timetables the right to burial in a numbered grave RT Forms space in a specific cemetery. Branching diagrams UF Burial board deeds Buskers’ licences SN Diagrams in which different branches are BT Deeds USE Buskers’ permits connected to a single point of origin, and all RT Cemetery cards are connected, directly or indirectly, e.g. a Buskers’ permits family tree. Burial board deeds SN Documents giving permission to individuals BT Diagrams USE Burial-right deeds to perform music in public places for money. NT Family trees Required by some local authorities in the Burial cards UK. Broadsheets USE Burial club cards UF Buskers’ licences SN Term indicating a size of paper. Often BT Licences confused with Broadsides. Do not use. Burial certificates RT Traders’ licences SN Certificates granting permission for a body Broadsides to be buried or cremated. Buttons, Campaign SN Single-sheets of paper, unfolded, separately BT Certificates USE Badges published, and always printed only on one RT Death certificates side. They were usually intended to be By-laws posted on the wall, publicly distributed, or Burial club cards SN Laws made by an administrative body (a sold, e.g., proclamations, notices, ballad SN Cards recording payments to burial clubs. local council or municipal government) that sheets, newssheets. Often with an image. (Hist) derives its authority from another governing Use only for items produced up to mid-19th UF Burial cards body; they can only be made on a limited century. (Hist) Use a more specific term if BT Record cards range of matters of local significance. possible. May also apply to corporations or other NT Execution broadsides Bus passes organisations. NT Ordinance broadsides SN Includes passes purchased to benefit from UF Bye-laws RT Flyers a discount, or issued free to senior citizens, UF Byelaws RT Notices school children, etc. UF Bylaws RT Popular prints BT Travel cards UF Ordinances RT Posters RT Season tickets (Transport) BT Laws RT Proclamations RT Rules and regulations RT Song sheets Bus route maps USE Transport maps Bye-laws Brochures USE By-laws SN Booklets, magazines or folders of items Bus tickets advertising a product or service. SN Use for short distance buses. For Byelaws BT Advertisements long-distance bus tickets use coach tickets. USE By-laws NT Prospectuses UF Tickets, Bus RT Advertising booklets BT Travel tickets Bylaws RT Booklets USE By-laws Carbon paper | 15

assizes. They include case nos., names of Cameos prisoners and details of alleged crimes. SN Small embossed or die-stamped emblems, Sometimes sentences were added after produced ca. 1850–80; usually printed in the trial. colour. Typical designs include medallions C BT Lists or shields with views of merchandise or RT Attendance records business establishments. Found chiefly RT Prisoners’ lists on commercial envelopes; also used Cab fare maps on billheads, business cards, and as USE Taxi fare maps Calendars of events advertisements in publications. Considered SN Lists organised by date, of events happening a type of ‘corner card’ by envelope Cabin plans within, organised by, or of interest to collectors. (TGM) (Hist) USE Deck plans particular institutions or groups of people. BT Marks UF Diaries of events RT Embossing Cabinet cards UF Events, Calendars of USE Cabinet photographs UF Programmes of events Campaign buttons UF Term cards USE Badges Cabinet photographs UF Term programmes SN Mounted photographs significantly larger BT Lists Campaign leaflets than images in the earlier carte-de-visite NT Fixture lists SN Use for leaflets issued by bodies other format. Like cartes-de-visite, cabinet NT Lecture lists than governments or political parties for photographers often used card mounts that NT Society programmes campaigns other than elections. had elaborate advertising on the back. They RT Calendars BT Leaflets became popular in the 1880s through the RT Programmes 1890s. 114 × 165mm. (Hist) Campaign posters UF Cabinet cards Call-back cards SN Use for posters issued by bodies other BT Photographs USE Call-back literature than governments or political parties for RT Cartes-de-visite campaigns other than elections. Call-back handbills BT Political posters Cache pots USE Call-back literature RT Propaganda posters SN Paper covers for flower pots. RT Protest posters USE Plant pot covers Call-back literature SN Leaflets, cards or envelopes put through Campaign souvenirs Cachets, postal householders’ doors by such as antique or USE Election souvenirs USE Postal cachets waste dealers, charities, or those seeking Christmas gratuities. Implies the intention to Can labels Cake frills return to follow up the request. SN (Normally) paper labels glued to and SN Decorative paper wrappers intended to UF Call-back cards covering the (usually) cylindrical wall of a conceal the sides of a cake. UF Call-back handbills food can, containing information about and BT Table stationery NT Bellmen’s verses promotion of the product. NT Carriers’ addresses UF Labels, Can Calendar backs NT Charity gift envelopes UF Tin labels USE Calendar mounts RT Advertising cards BT Product labels RT Appeals Calendar mounts Candle shields SN Decorative wall cards, etc., produced as Calligrammes SN Paper shields to protect the hands of those mounts for small twelve page calendar SN Designs in which words or the letters of carrying candles in processions, or to booklets. a word are arranged to form a picture or protect candles from the wind. Often disc UF Calendar backs decorative pattern or figure. (TGM) shaped (called drip shields) but can be like BT Mounts UF Letter pictures paper cups with a hole in the bottom. RT Calendars UF Word art UF Bobèches RT Wall cards BT Pictures UF Drip discs RT Micrographical portraits UF Drip shields Calendars RT Penmen’s flourishes SN Tabular registers of days according to a Car stickers system, usually covering one year and Calligraphy alphabets SN Stickers, often PVC, intended to be stuck referring the days of each month to the USE Alphabet sheets on the outside or the windows of cars, to days of the week. (TGM) For calendars be read by others. They come in a wide provided as advertisements, index also Calling cards variety of types: decorative, promotional, under Promotional materials. USE Visiting cards humorous, political etc. BT Charts UF Bumper stickers NT Advent calendars Cameo cards BT Stickers NT Perpetual calendars SN Embossed commercial calling or advertising NT Religious calendars cards, usually showing white lettering on Car tax discs NT Year planners coloured background. Especially popular USE Vehicle licences RT Almanacs in the decade or so before the (US) Civil RT Calendar mounts War. Mainly American and principally 19th Carbon paper RT Calendars of events century. SN Thin carbon-coated paper used for making, RT Diaries UF Cards, Cameo especially, typed copies. RT Vide poches BT Advertising cards BT Paper types RT Advertising envelopes BT Stationery Calendars of assizes RT Business cards RT NCR paper SN Lists of prisoners facing serious charges, RT Embossing prepared for the visiting judges at quarterly RT Trade cards 16 | Card games

Card games Cards, Album Cards, Display SN Sets of cards, or cards from such sets, for USE Album cards USE Display cards playing games such as happy families. For sets of cards in suits use Playing cards. Cards, Altar Cards, Donor UF Game cards USE Altar cards USE Donor cards BT Games RT Pokémon cards Cards, Asylum Cards, Easter USE Asylum cards USE Easter cards Card keys USE Keycards Cards, Baseball Cards, Embroidered USE Baseball cards USE Embroidered cards Cards SN Use as a generic term to cover small items Cards, Bible Cards, Embroidery of ephemera no larger than 100 × 150 USE Bible cards USE Embroidery cards mm, on card, stiff paper or plastic, usually rectangular, and sometimes with rounded Cards, Birthday Cards, Escort corners. Designed to convey messages or USE Birthday cards USE Acquaintance cards provide other information, or carry a picture. For items not fitting this definition, that Cards, Boarding Cards, Father’s day include the word card as part of their name, USE Boarding cards USE Father’s day cards see the inverted terms and USE references. NT Advertising cards Cards, Cameo Cards, First communion NT Appointment cards USE Cameo cards USE First communion cards NT At home cards NT Board game cards Cards, Christmas Cards, Flash NT Book cards USE Christmas cards USE Flashcards NT Business cards NT Cemetery cards Cards, Cigarette Cards, Flirtation NT Change of address cards USE Cigarette cards USE Acquaintance cards NT Change of proprietor cards NT Charity election cards Cards, Clipper ship Cards, Frame NT Collecting cards USE Clipper ship cards USE Frame cards NT Communion cards NT Conversation cards Cards, Clock Cards, Funeral attendance NT Donor cards USE Clock cards NT Florists’ cards Cards, Funeral service NT Fortune telling cards Cards, Club USE Funeral service cards NT Funeral attendance cards USE Loyalty cards NT Grave cards Cards, Game record NT Health insurance cards Cards, Comic USE Game record cards NT Hymn board number cards USE Comic cards NT Identity cards Cards, Gauge NT Loyalty cards Cards, Concertina USE Gauge cards NT Machine-readable cards USE Concertina cards NT Membership cards Cards, Gift NT Meter reading cards Cards, Condolence USE Gift cards NT Motto cards USE Condolence cards NT Pall bearers’ cards Cards, Greetings NT Peal cards Cards, Congratulations USE Greetings cards NT Place cards USE Congratulations cards NT Playing cards Cards, Haberdashery NT Pledge cards Cards, Corner USE Haberdashery cards NT Postcards USE Advertising envelopes NT Prize cards Cards, Ham radio NT Religious cards Cards, Credit USE Ham radio cards NT Scent cards USE Payment cards NT Sentiment cards Cards, Hidden name NT Sports cards Cards, Currency USE Hidden name cards NT Travel cards USE Currency cards NT View cards Cards, In memoriam NT Visiting cards Cards, Debit USE In memoriam cards NT Visitors’ cards USE Payment cards NT Weight cards Cards, Insert RT Cartes-de-visite Cards, Detention USE Insert cards RT Greetings cards USE Detention cards Cards, Landing Cards, Acquaintance Cards, Devotional USE Landing cards USE Acquaintance cards USE Devotional cards Cards, Letter Cards, Advertising Cards, Discount USE Letter cards USE Advertising cards USE Loyalty cards Cards, Liebig USE Liebig cards Cartoons | 17

Cards, Lobby Cards, Score Carrier bags USE Lobby cards USE Score cards SN Bags that may be of paper, cloth or plastic, given away free by retailers (or in 21st Cards, Magicians’ Cards, Scratch century with a small charge) and with USE Magicians’ cards USE Scratch cards advertising material printed on them. BT Bags Cards, Mass Cards, Society NT Bags-for-life USE Mass cards USE Society cards Carriers’ addresses Cards, Memorial Cards, Stock SN Verses in broadside or leaflet form USE In memoriam cards USE Stock cards presented at the start of a new year by newspaper carriers/deliverers and Cards, Moral lesson Cards, Strutted sometimes by other tradespeople to USE Moral lesson cards USE Strutted cards request a gratuity. (Hist) UF Addresses, Carriers’ Cards, Mother’s day Cards, Sunday School BT Call-back literature USE Mother’s day cards USE Sunday school cards RT Bellmen’s verses RT Gratuity requests Cards, Name Cards, Swipe USE Name cards USE Swipe cards Carriers’ bills SN 19th century printed papers that could Cards, New Year Cards, Tariff be receipts and/or promotional pieces USE New Year cards USE Tariff cards indicating places served and timetables. (Hist) Cards, Ordination Cards, Tarot UF Fly-wagon bills USE Ordination cards USE Tarot cards BT Waybills RT Timetables Cards, Oyster Cards, Telephone USE Oyster cards USE Telephone cards Cartes-de-visite SN Mounted photographs of standard size Cards, Payment Cards, Trade (100 × 60 mm) produced as mementos USE Payment cards USE Trade cards and as collectable series, often including photographer’s advertisement and with Cards, Photocopy Cards, Tramping stylish, mostly lithographed text. Introduced USE Photocopy cards USE Tramping cards in the mid-19th century and made up to 1914. (Hist) Cards, Pilgrimage Cards, Transparency BT Photographs USE Pilgrimage cards USE Hold-to-light works RT Cabinet photographs RT Cards Cards, Points Cards, Travelling RT Visiting cards USE Loyalty cards USE Tramping cards Cartes pneumatiques Cards, Poisson d’avril Cards, Vice SN Letter cards used in the Parisian USE Poisson d’avril cards USE Prostitutes’ cards pneumatic-tube postal system in the later part of the 19th century (EE) (Hist) Cards, Pokémon Cards, Wall BT Letter cards USE Pokémon cards USE Wall cards Cartes porcelaine Cards, Postal Cards, Wreath SN Cards produced primarily for advertising USE Postal cards USE Wreath cards purposes but also as collectables. Printed on enamelled card, particularly in France and Cards, Prostitutes’ Caricatures Belgium. Mid-19th century. (Hist) USE Prostitutes’ cards SN Portraits that exaggerate or distort the UF Enamelled cards essence of a person, creature or thing to BT Advertising cards Cards, Punctuality create easily identifiable visual likenesses. RT View cards USE Punctuality cards (Wikipedia) BT Pictures Cartons Cards, Punishment RT Cartoons SN Paper or cardboard containers that can USE Detention cards RT Satirical prints be folded flat and are flange glued or interlocked to be ready for filling. Cards, QSL Carol sheets BT Boxes USE Ham radio cards SN Sheets containing the words only of carols, RT Packets for group singing. Cards, Rail UF Sheets, Carol Cartoons USE Rail cards BT Song sheets SN In the context of ephemera, drawings or prints intended for satire, caricature, or Cards, Rewards Carriage-arrangement diagrams humour. USE Loyalty cards USE Train diagrams BT Pictures RT Caricatures Cards, Sailing Carriage window labels RT Comic cards USE Sailing notices USE Railway carriage labels RT Satirical prints 18 | Cartouches

Cartouches RT Burial-right deeds BT Cards SN Ornamental frames containing an RT Cemetery plans RT Change of proprietor cards inscription, monogram, or coat of arms. BT Marks Cemetery plans Change of proprietor cards SN Plans of cemeteries, indicating the places of SN Notifications of change of business Cash cards specific graves. ownership. USE Payment cards BT Plans (Diagrams) BT Cards RT Cemetery cards RT Change of address cards Cassette insert cards USE Insert cards Censors’ labels Change packets SN Intended to reseal letters after SN Envelopes in which change or a substitute Cast lists interceptionWorld Wars I and II. (EE) for change was given to customers. (Hist) SN Brief lists of the cast of plays or other UF Labels, Censors’ UF Farthing change packets theatrical events. BT Postal labels BT Envelopes BT Lists RT Change pin-papers RT Playbills Census forms RT Programmes SN Forms sent to individuals or households Change pin-papers RT Theatre programmes on which details of residents are recorded SN Pins in strips or in folder wallet offered as to provide information for government alternative to farthing coin change. Latter Casualty lists statistics and planning. part of 19th century to early 20th century. SN Lists of those dead or wounded in war, BT Forms (EE) (Hist) disaster or accident. BT Alternative currency BT Lists Ceremonial addresses RT Change packets RT Bills of mortality SN Texts of thanks and appreciation given at RT Farthing novelettes retirement or reward ceremonies. Their RT Sales tax tokens Catalogs text panel is usually surrounded with a USE Catalogues decorative border. In the past, frequently Chap books illuminated. (EE) USE Chapbooks Catalogues UF Addresses, Ceremonial SN Lists of items arranged systematically with UF Addresses, Illuminated Chapbooks descriptive details. Often with separate UF Illuminated addresses SN Popular tales, ballads, tracts, etc., in small price lists. May include actual examples. RT Keepsakes format, hawked on the streets. (Hist) (TGM amended) RT Presentation books UF Chap books UF Catalogs RT Speeches BT Books NT Dealers’ catalogues NT Exhibition catalogues Certificates Character references NT Gift catalogues SN Documents containing certified statements USE References NT Trade catalogues of, e.g., ownership, membership, fulfilled RT Books requirements, legal status or achievements. Charge cards RT Lists BT Forms USE Payment cards RT Price lists NT Agency certificates RT Sample books NT Airworthiness certificates Charity appeal materials RT Samples NT Attendance certificates SN Printed materials from designated charities; NT Authenticity certificates may be in a variety of forms, mailed or Catalogues, Auction sale NT Award certificates delivered, soliciting financial or other USE Auction sale catalogues NT Baptismal certificates contributions. NT Birth certificates BT Appeals Catalogues, Mail order NT Burial certificates RT Charity gift envelopes USE Mail order catalogues NT Chimney sweep certificates NT Civil partnership certificates Charity badges Catalogues, Manufacturers’ NT Death certificates SN Pin or lapel badges or stickers, made of USE Manufacturers’ catalogues NT Degree certificates paper, fabric or metal, given to donors in NT Diplomas acknowledgment of gifts during street or Catchpennies NT Discharge certificates house-to-house collections. USE Street literature NT Health certificates UF Charity flags NT Insurance certificates UF Charity stickers Caterers’ hats NT Marriage certificates UF Flag-day emblems USE Service caps NT Master mariners’ certificates BT Badges NT Medical certificates RT Charity seals Caterers’ menus NT Membership certificates RT Letter seals SN Menus provided by commercial caterers for NT MOT certificates organisers of events, weddings, etc. NT Proficiency certificates Charity election cards BT Menus NT Quality assurance certificates SN Cards soliciting support for particular NT Rewards of merit individuals to be admitted to an orphanage, CD insert cards NT Stock certificates charity school, hospital or asylum. 19th USE Insert cards NT Tyburn certificates century. (Hist) RT Frakturs BT Cards Cemetery cards RT Licences NT Asylum cards SN Cards issued by cemeteries to help visitors RT Prize cards RT Charity tickets locate specific numbered or identifiable RT Hostel admission tickets grave plots. May also give opening hours. Change of address cards RT Recommendation forms BT Cards SN Notifications of a sender’s change of address. Cigarette card albums | 19

Charity event tickets Checklists BT Advertisements SN Admission tickets to charity fund raising SN Use for formal, job-related lists of tasks to RT Fabric labels events. be done to ensure safety, compliance or BT Admission tickets completion of activity. Chorioramas RT Benefit tickets UF Tick lists USE Myrioramas BT Lists Charity flags Christmas cards USE Charity badges Checks SN Greetings cards that are sent or given as USE Cheques expressions of goodwill at Christmas time. Charity gift envelopes UF Cards, Christmas SN Envelopes left at doors, soliciting charity Chemists’ labels BT Greetings cards donations, to be collected later. USE Medicine labels BT Call-back literature Christmas decorations BT Envelopes Cheques BT Festival decorations RT Charity appeal materials SN Signed and dated requests to the signatory’s bank to pay a stated sum to a Christmas pieces Charity seals specific recipient. (EE) USE Writing blanks SN Decorative paper seals resembling postage UF Checks stamps, sold in sheets mostly at Christmas, BT Forms Christmas round robins to support charities. BT Negotiable instruments SN Christmas letters produced on computer or BT Cinderella stamps NT Bankers’ drafts photocopier and sent with Christmas cards. RT Charity badges NT Travellers’ cheques BT Letters RT Letter seals RT Bills of exchange RT Round robins RT Money Charity stickers RT Postal orders Chromos USE Charity badges SN Do not use. Use specific types of cards, e.g. Chewing gum wrappers Advertising cards, Religious cards, Liebig Charity subscription lists USE Gum wrappers cards, Collecting cards. SN Appeals for money by institutions, listing existing subscribers and soliciting more Child lost / found forms Chronologies subscribers. Mainly 19th century. (Hist) USE Child lost / found notices SN Documents displaying the arrangement of BT Appeals events, with their dates, etc., in the order of BT Subscription lists Child lost / found notices their occurrence. SN Notices, handwritten or preprinted, UF Time lines Charity tickets advertising details of children concerned; UF Timelines SN Tickets given to the poor by charities, in London they were posted up. (Hist) For RT Charts entitling them to specific amounts of certain 20th/21st century notices use Missing RT Family trees commodities, such as soup, coal, meat, persons notices. bread. (EE) (Hist) UF Child lost / found forms Church briefs BT Tickets BT Lost and found notices SN Letters of authority licensing a nationwide RT Charity election cards RT Missing persons notices church collection for a designated charitable RT Recommendation forms purpose. 16th to early 19th centuries. (EE) Children’s games (Hist) Charter parties SN Board, card or other games designed UF King’s letters USE Hire contracts specifically for children. UF Letters, King’s BT Games BT Letters Charters RT Puzzles SN Instruments in writing, creating and defining RT Toys Cigar bands the franchises of an educational institution, SN Loops made of paper or foil fitted around or corporation. (TGM amended) Chimney sweep certificates the body of a cigar to denote its brand or BT Legal documents SN Proof that the chimneys had been swept, variety. Often highly decorated. given by a sweep to a householder. Part of BT Bands Charts attempts to improve fire safety. US. (Hist) BT Product labels SN Information presented in graphic form, e.g. BT Certificates RT Collectables pictorial, diagrammatic, tabular, for easy RT Tobacco packaging assimilation of information. Chocolate box keys NT Calendars SN Legends identifying the different types of Cigar box labels NT Colour charts chocolate in a box. SN Use for wrappers and the various kinds of NT Distance charts UF Chocolate box menus labels attached to cigar boxes. NT Eye test charts UF Menus, Chocolate box UF Cigar box wrappers NT Gantt charts BT Keys (Legends) UF Labels, Cigar box NT Organisational charts UF Wrappers, Cigar box RT Chronologies Chocolate box menus BT Product labels RT Diagrams USE Chocolate box keys RT Tax stamps RT Maps RT Tobacco packaging RT Tables Chop papers RT Wallcharts SN Printed sheets inserted in bales of raw silk Cigar box wrappers and other commodities by Asian merchants USE Cigar box labels Charts, Paint in the latter part of the 19th century. They USE Paint charts usually bear the name of the supplier, brief Cigarette card albums promotional text and distinctive image, and SN Albums specially produced for collectors of Charts, Wall were originally folded in envelopes. (EE) cigarette cards. USE Wallcharts UF Papers, Chop BT Albums 20 | Cigarette card books

Cigarette card books about the players. May be sold or issued as Clandestine newspapers SN Similar to cigarette card albums but souvenirs. For programmes of performances SN Newspapers secretly produced by designed to house specific sets of cards, at individual cinemas use Entertainment resistance groups particularly in wartime, reproducing the information on the backs of guides. but also by groups resisting governing the cards. BT Programmes regimes. BT Albums RT Entertainment guides UF Underground newspapers NT Cigarette cards RT Souvenirs BT Newspapers RT Clandestine magazines Cigarette card silks Circuit diagrams RT Propaganda posters SN Printed textiles included in cigarette SN Simplified conventional graphical packets; the pictures covered a wide range representations of electrical circuits. May be Clipper ship cards of subjects. (Hist) pictorial or schematic. SN Printed cards made to attract freight BT Silks BT Diagrams consignments or passengers to clipper ships RT Cigarette cards preparing to depart; chiefly 1850s–1860s; Circuit plans commonly 100 × 160 mm. (TGM) American Cigarette cards SN Schedules for the group of preachers in a version of sailing notices; larger and bolder SN Cards containing pictures of flora, particular Methodist circuit, showing who than British equivalent. (Hist) fauna, sportsmen, celebrities, or other is preaching, when and where. Usually UF Cards, Clipper ship general interest subjects, packaged by arranged in tabular form. BT Sailing notices manufacturers of cigarettes with their UF Plans, Circuit product during the 19th to mid-20th UF Preaching plans Clippings centuries. (Hist) BT Tables USE Cuttings UF Cards, Cigarette RT Duty rotas BT Cigarette card books RT Itineraries Cloakroom tickets BT Collecting cards SN Receipts given by cloakroom attendants, to RT Cigarette card silks Circular letters be handed over when retrieving item. RT Give-aways SN Letters sending the same information to BT Tickets a number of people, usually individually RT Left luggage tickets Cigarette coupons addressed and sometimes personalised. RT Raffle tickets SN Coupons issued with packets of cigarettes, BT Letters or otherwise available, to obtain discounts RT Round robins Clock cards on cigarettes. SN Cards for use in clocking-in machines, BT Coupons Circulars recording times of arrival and departure of SN Printed promotional pieces, sometimes employees. Cigarette packets announcing sales; may be several pages in UF Cards, Clock UF Cigarette packs length. Distributed widely through the mail, BT Record cards BT Packets door to door, as newspaper and magazine NT Timesheets RT Tobacco packaging inserts, or at commercial establishments. (TGM amended) Cloth Cigarette packs BT Advertisements SN Substrate used for a wide range of USE Cigarette packets RT Advertising supplements ephemera, either for practical purposes or RT Brochures to be distinctive. Gathering term. Do not use Cinderella stamps RT Dealers’ catalogues for indexing. SN Virtually anything resembling a postage RT Direct mail UF Fabrics, Printed stamp, but not issued for postal purposes RT Flyers UF Textiles, Printed by a government postal administration. RT Magazine inserts NT Fabric samples Includes, e.g. fiscal stamps, stamps of NT Handkerchiefs non-governmental postal services, trading, Circus posters NT Pennants insurance and advertising stamps. UF Posters, Circus NT Ribbons BT Stamps BT Performing arts posters NT Sashes NT Advertising stamps NT Silks NT Charity seals Civil partnership certificates NT College stamps SN Certificates issued to gay couples on Clothing, Paper NT Copyright royalty stamps registering their civil partnerships. USE Paper clothing NT Poster stamps BT Certificates NT Railway stamps RT Marriage certificates Club cards NT Savings stamps USE Loyalty cards NT Tax stamps Claim forms NT Telephone stamps SN Forms to be filled in for claiming benefits, Club flyers NT Trading stamps allowances, pensions, compensation, SN Advertising flyers for popular music events, RT Collectables expenses, etc. underground and non-mainstream events. RT Stickers BT Forms BT Flyers

Cinema lobby cards Clandestine magazines Co-op stamps USE Lobby cards SN Magazines secretly produced by resistance SN Trading stamps offered by the British groups, particularly in wartime but also by Co-operative Society as an alternative to Cinema posters groups resisting governing regimes. their dividend scheme. (Hist) USE Film posters BT Magazines BT Trading stamps RT Clandestine newspapers Cinema programmes RT Propaganda posters Coach tickets SN Programmes for individual films, containing RT Protest magazines SN Use for long-distance, buy-in-advance one or more of the following: cast lists, tickets. For short journeys use Bus tickets. plot summaries, stills, and information Complaint forms | 21

For horse-drawn coaches use Coaching Collectibles Commemorative newspapers tickets. USE Collectables SN Special editions of newspapers produced to UF Tickets, Coach commemorate a specific event. BT Travel tickets Collecting cards BT Newspapers SN Cards issued singly or in sets from the RT Keepsakes Coaching tickets mid-19th century, primarily to be collected, SN Use for horse-drawn coaches both stage covering a wide variety of types of images, Commemorative postal covers and post. (Hist) and usually containing advertising. (AAT SN Envelopes produced on the occasion of an UF Tickets, Coaching amended) exhibition, fair, festival, etc., and posted, BT Travel tickets UF Trading cards often specially cancelled, from the site of BT Cards the event. (EE) Coasters BT Collectables UF Souvenir postal covers SN Small mats usually of paper or card, used NT Album cards BT Postal covers to protect a surface from being scratched NT Cigarette cards or damaged by heat or moisture. (AAT NT Comic cards Commemorative prints amended) NT Pokémon cards SN Prints bearing an allegorical or narrative BT Mats RT Advertising cards image commemorating an important event NT Beermats RT Liebig cards or occasion, such as a decisive battle or RT Sports cards the founding of an institution. Usually text Coats of arms on or accompanying the print indicates its SN Heraldic devices consisting of a shield College bills commemorative nature, e.g. in honour of, in bearing the arms of the person or USE Educational invoices memory of. (TGM amended) organisation in question, with or without BT Prints various other parts: the crest, the wreath, College stamps RT Keepsakes the mantling, the motto and the supporters. SN Stamps used by Oxford and Cambridge BT Marks colleges for internal mail, 1871–86. (Hist) Commercial directories NT Crests UF Stamps, College USE Trade directories RT Armorial bookplates BT Cinderella stamps RT Postage stamps Commodity labels Cobwebs USE Product labels SN Printed images cut so that when lifted from Colour charts the centre by a tassel they can be pulled SN Diagrams of colours assembled to illustrate Commonplace books into a ‘birdcage’ shape to reveal another a scheme of colour nomenclature or SN Books in which individuals record favourite decoration or verse, through the narrow classification, to demonstrate a colour quotations, poems, recipes, comments or strips of paper. Usually found on valentines. theory, or to show the colours available in a thoughts, etc. (Hist) manufacturer’s line of goods. (AAT) BT Books UF Beehives BT Charts RT Albums UF Birdcages NT Paint charts UF Flowercages Communications BT Mechanical works Colouring books SN Gathering term. Do not use for indexing. BT Paper novelties SN Books produced for children with preprinted NT Correspondence RT Valentines outline drawings or designs for colouring in. NT Notices BT Books NT Press releases Cockades NT Magic colouring books NT Speeches SN Rosettes or knots of ribbon worn in hats RT Colouring sheets RT Signal codes as badges of office or party, or as part of a livery. May be semi-circular or round. Colouring sheets Communion cards BT Rosettes SN Sheets with preprinted designs or pictures SN Cards issued by the Presbyterian Church to for colouring in. those members of congregations who were Cocks BT Pictures considered worthy of receiving communion. USE Street literature BT Sheets The cards came into use towards the end RT Colouring books of the 19th century, replacing metal tokens. Codes, Signal (Hist) USE Signal codes Comic cards BT Cards SN Cards other than postcards, issued RT Passes Coin discs individually or in sets, that bear a caricature USE Mock money or cartoon. Popular 1850s–1900. Usually Compact disc insert cards smaller than a postcard. USE Insert cards Coin stickers UF Cards, Comic USE Mock money BT Collecting cards Company prospectuses RT Cartoons SN Documents released by businesses to Coins, Advertising inform the public and investors of the USE Advertising coins Comics various securities that are available from the SN Sequences of pictures with a story line company. They are generally accompanied Collectables laid out in a series of panels across a page by basic performance and financial SN Items produced specifically to be collected. or sheet, usually in a flimsy format, and information about the company. UF Collectibles concerning a continuous character or set of BT Prospectuses NT Collecting cards characters. (TGM amended) RT Annual reports NT Scraps RT Magazines RT Cigar bands RT Newspapers Complaint forms RT Cinderella stamps RT Pictures USE Evaluation forms RT Give-aways 22 | Compliments slips

Compliments slips Contracts Correspondence books SN Slips of paper printed with the name and SN Legally enforceable agreements between SN Books in which people wrote out copies address of an individual or business, often two or more parties with mutual obligations, of the letters they had sent, for their own worded ‘with compliments’ and with formulated to be binding. records. Personal or business. (Hist) space for a short handwritten message to BT Agreements BT Books be added. Used in correspondence with BT Legal documents RT Letters enclosures. Occasionally pictorial. NT Employment contracts UF Slips, Compliment NT Hire contracts Corrigenda slips BT Business stationery NT Indentures USE Errata slips NT Tenancy contracts Compound plate printing RT Business stationery Counter display boxes SN A printing process devised to hinder forgery. RT Deeds SN Boxes which both contain and display small In essence it involved making a printing items such as sweets or biscuits on shop plate in two parts, which could be engraved Conversation cards counters. as though they were one piece, divided for SN Cards giving ideas for encouraging BT Boxes inking in different colours, and then brought conversation (20th/21st centuries). Can also RT Point-of-sale advertising together for printing at one pass through be language teaching aids. For late 19th and the press. early 20th century light-hearted versions of Coupons RT Security devices visiting cards use Acquaintance cards. SN Printed slips of paper redeemable for BT Cards goods or services. (TGM) Often separate, Concealed name cards RT Acquaintance cards detachable forms in advertisements, USE Hidden name cards RT Flashcards newspapers, magazines, etc., or printed RT Teaching aids from online sources, entitling the holder to Concert bills a gift or discount, or for further information USE Concert posters Copy books from the advertiser. USE Copybooks NT Cigarette coupons Concert posters NT Discount tea tickets UF Concert bills Copybooks NT Ration coupons BT Performing arts posters SN Originally books containing styles and RT Trading stamps examples of handwriting for students to RT Vouchers Concert programmes emulate. Later versions provide guidelines BT Programmes and space within the book for copying Couriers’ packaging examples. SN Packaging and labelling used by non-Post Concertina cards UF Copy books Office couriers. SN Collections of, usually, views presented in UF Writing books BT Packaging concertina form, sometimes within covers. BT Books May be paper or card. RT Drawing books Coverings, protective UF Cards, Concertina RT Exercise books USE Protective coverings BT Viewbooks RT Postcards Copyright royalty labels Covers, Advertising RT Souvenirs USE Copyright royalty stamps USE Advertising envelopes

Condolence cards Copyright royalty stamps Covers, Airmail SN Cards with suitable messages to send to the SN Stamps or labels fixed to gramophone USE Postal covers bereaved. records to indicate that royalty payments UF Cards, Condolence had been made. (Hist) Covers, Album BT Greetings cards UF Copyright royalty labels USE Record covers UF Record royalty labels Congratulations cards UF Royalty labels Covers, Crash SN Cards sent to congratulate the recipient on BT Cinderella stamps USE Crash covers a significant achievement or life event. RT Tax stamps UF Cards, Congratulations Covers, First day BT Greetings cards Corner cards USE First day covers USE Advertising envelopes Consent forms Covers, Magazine SN Forms to be signed by a participant Correspondence USE Magazine covers acknowledging conditions and risks, usually SN Any form of addressed and written associated with research or medical communication sent or received, including Covers, Matchbook treatment; also parental permission for letters, postcards, memoranda, notes, USE Matchbook covers children’s participation in activities. telegrams. (AAT) Use a more specific term BT Forms where appropriate. Covers, Plant pot BT Communications USE Plant pot covers Consignment notes NT Emails USE Waybills NT Greetings cards Covers, Postal NT Letters USE Postal covers Constitutions NT Memos SN Written records of the principles or NT Notes Covers, Record precedents according to which a state or NT Postcards USE Record covers an organisation is acknowledged to be NT Telegrams governed. RT Mail Covers, Sheet music BT Records (Documents) USE Sheet music covers RT Laws RT Rules and regulations Date labels | 23

Covers, Wreck Currency as that submitted with a job application. USE Wreck covers USE Money (AAT) UF Curricula vitae Cracker mottoes Currency cards RT Job descriptions USE Mottoes SN Cards that have been credited with sums in a specific currency normally not the home Cycle maps Crash covers currency of the owner, e.g. dollars or euros SN Maps showing cycle routes in towns, SN Envelopes salvaged from a railway or for UK owner. enjoyable routes through the country, or aircraft accident, generally bearing an UF Cards, Currency dedicated cycle paths and lanes. official handstamp cachet naming the BT Prepaid cards UF Bicycle maps accident concerned. RT Travellers’ cheques UF Bike maps UF Covers, Crash BT Maps BT Postal covers Currency, Emergency RT Road maps RT Postal cachets USE Emergency currency Cypher labels Crate labels Currency, Improvised SN Labels affixed to parchment documents to SN Labels for food packed in crates, mostly USE Improvised currency provide a secure method of receiving and fruit or vegetables, or fish. Often brightly retaining the impression of an embossing coloured and advertising the grower. Curricula vitae tax stamp. They bore the cypher of the UF Labels, Crate USE CVs reigning monarch and code marks. BT Product labels BT Labels NT Fish crate labels Customs declarations RT Seals NT Fruit crate labels SN Forms to be filled in when bringing items RT Tax stamps or currency into a foreign country, or to be Credit cards attached to parcels being sent abroad by USE Payment cards post, detailing contents and their value. BT Postal labels Credit notes SN Forms or letters sent by a seller to a buyer, Cut-paper works stating that a certain amount has been SN Patterns, or images produced by cutting credited to the buyer’s account. interior areas and/or outline shapes to form D BT Business stationery a design. Examples include silhouettes, cobweb valentines, paper snowflakes. (TGM Crest albums amended) Dance cards SN Specially designed albums for collectors of UF Paper cuts USE Dance programmes stationery crests and monograms. UF Papercuts BT Albums UF Works, Cut-paper Dance posters BT Paperwork (Crafts) UF Posters, Dance Crests RT Cutouts BT Performing arts posters SN Heraldic devices originally borne on top of RT Doilies a helmet, particularly in tournaments, but Dance programmes latterly used to decorate stationery, signet Cut outs SN Cards, usually folded and often with pencil rings, cutlery, silverware, crockery, etc., as USE Cutouts attached, listing, in order, the names of the a mark of ownership by a family. (Burke’s partners with whom a woman has agreed Peerage) Cutlery pockets to dance at a formal ball or party. (Hist) BT Coats of arms SN Paper or card pockets in which cutlery is (AAT amended). Use also for programmes RT Emblems (Symbols) sometimes brought to restaurant tables. listing the dances to be performed during an BT Pockets Critical path analysis charts evening (particularly Scottish dancing). UF Dance cards USE Gantt charts Cutouts BT Programmes SN Shapes, normally preprinted and with tabs, Crochet patterns cut from, or intended to be cut from paper Dance tokens SN Instructions for the making of items by or cardboard. Often used for children’s SN Paper tickets sold in American dance halls crocheting. pastimes or in miniatures or scale models. to patrons, to be offered instead of cash to BT Pattern sheets (TGM amended) the partner of choice. (EE) (Hist) UF Cut outs UF Tokens, Dance Crossed letters RT Cut-paper works BT Vouchers SN Handwritten letters in which the lines RT Scraps overlap each other usually at right-angles. Dart flights BT Letters Cuttings SN Paper dart flights usually printed flat, with SN Illustrations, pages, articles, or columns advertising matter, for folding and inserting Cuban wrappers of text removed from books, newspapers, into darts. SN Decorative printed paper wrappers periodicals, or other publications. (TGM) BT Promotional materials produced by Cuban cigarette companies UF Clippings c.1865–70. Forerunner of paper cigarette UF Press cuttings Date labels packs. (Hist) RT Newspapers SN Labels affixed inside library books on which BT Wrappers RT Scrapbooks the date due back is stamped. RT Tobacco packaging RT Tear sheets UF Labels, Date Cups, Paper CVs BT Library labels USE Paper cups SN Brief records of one’s personal history, career, qualifications, and experience, such 24 | Dealers’ catalogues

Dealers’ catalogues NT Title deeds calendar and other useful information. SN Catalogues produced by dealers in RT Contracts Include notebooks that have been used as second-hand or antiquarian items such as personal records of events and experience. books, art works, stamps, ephemera, etc. Degree certificates RT Almanacs For catalogues of, e.g. wholesalers, retailers, SN Certificates awarded to university students RT Calendars use Trade catalogues. on successful completion of their course RT Notebooks BT Catalogues of study. NT Auction sale catalogues BT Certificates Diaries of events RT Circulars RT Diplomas USE Calendars of events

Death certificates Deposit labels Die-cuts SN Includes certificates issued by doctor SN Labels offering a sum of money on the SN The products of a process whereby a die is confirming the death and the cause of return of bottles. (EE) used to stamp out shapes. Frequently called death; and those issued by a government UF Labels, Deposit scraps. official or registrar for statistical purposes. BT Bottle labels RT Scraps Usually required before funerals can take place. Designs Diet sheets BT Certificates SN Schemes for the organisation or appearance SN Sheets produced by health professionals RT Burial certificates of objects, structures, systems or graphic and others providing dietary advice for works. patients, sports people, etc. Death notices NT Paper lithophanes BT Sheets SN Notices posted up in public to announce NT Storyboards RT Dietary tables deaths, or found as newspaper cuttings. RT Artwork, Original RT Institutional menus BT Notices RT Layouts RT Menus RT In memoriam cards RT Pattern sheets RT Pictures Dietaries Debit cards RT Plans (Diagrams) USE Dietary tables USE Payment cards RT Visuals Dietary tables Decalcomania Dessert papers SN Tables indicating the day by day, meal by USE Transfer sheets USE Doilies meal arrangements in institutions such as workhouses and prisons, schools and the Decals Destination tags armed forces. They specify what was to be USE Transfer sheets USE Air transport labels served and the amounts per individual. 18th and 19th centuries. (EE) (Hist) Deck plans Detention cards UF Dietaries SN Plans of the layout of ships showing SN Cards or slips of paper issued in schools UF Scales of rations passenger cabins and other facilities. requiring recipient to attend detention for BT Tables UF Cabin plans some misdemeanour. RT Diet sheets BT Plans (Diagrams) UF Cards, Detention RT Institutional menus RT Seating plans UF Cards, Punishment RT Menus UF Punishment cards Decorations, Festival Digital video disc insert cards USE Festival decorations Devotional cards USE Insert cards SN Small devotional pictures, usually Decorative posters mass-produced. They usually depict a saint Dime novels SN Posters intended for personal display often or other holy figure, typically ithw a prayer USE Penny dreadfuls consisting of a single image, e.g. of pop beneath or on the reverse. stars, photographs, views, reproductions UF Cards, Devotional Dioramas, Paper of art works. Also includes motivational UF Holy cards USE Paper dioramas posters, cartoon and some text-based BT Religious cards posters. NT In memoriam cards Diplomas UF Posterprints SN Certificates attesting to an academic, BT Posters Diagrams professional or craft achievement. NT Rock posters SN Delineations whose principal purpose is to BT Certificates RT Prints explain rather than represent pictorially. RT Award certificates May provide directions or schematic RT Degree certificates Decorative stationery outlines for construction, assembly, repair, RT Proficiency certificates SN Personal letter paper or envelopes that are or operation, as for electrical circuits or decorated with floral and other designs, or traffic flow. (TGM) Direct mail more elaborately with embossing, filigree, NT Anatomical diagrams SN Printed matter prepared to solicit trade or textiles, scraps. NT Branching diagrams contributions and sent directly through the UF Fancy stationery NT Circuit diagrams mail to individuals. (AAT) BT Stationery NT Flow diagrams UF Junk mail RT Pictorial writing paper NT Lighting plots BT Mail RT Writing paper NT Mind maps RT Advertisements RT Charts RT Circulars Deeds RT Plans (Diagrams) RT Flyers SN Evidence of legal transactions, signed and RT Spam sealed. Diaries BT Legal documents SN Books for the recording of daily events Directional maps NT Burial-right deeds or thoughts, and for noting future SN Maps giving directions to a specific location. engagements. Usually printed with a UF Location maps Drip shields | 25

UF Route maps Display cards Domestic showcards UF Wayfinding maps SN Combined show-and-display cards on which SN Cards placed in windows of domestic BT Maps the product (usually small and lightweight) houses, advertising services offered, e.g. RT Directions is threaded or pasted in quantity, e.g. pen board and lodging. For commercial window nibs, buttons. (EE) cards use Showcards. Directions UF Cards, Display UF Showcards, Domestic SN Guidance on how to reach a destination, BT Point-of-sale advertising BT Advertisements often of an informal kind. NT Haberdashery cards RT Showcards BT Instructions RT Advertising cards RT Directional maps RT Showcards Donation forms RT Railway journey guides SN Forms suggesting or proposing the size Disposal bags of donations to a cause, charity, etc., and Directories SN Bags provided for the disposal of unwanted appropriate means of payment. SN Published lists of names, addresses and waste. BT Forms other data about specific groups of persons BT Bags or organisations. NT Sickness bags Donation lists BT Books SN Lists of donors to a cause, with the amounts NT Directory advertisements Dissected maps they have given. Use Gift lists for lists of NT Street directories SN Maps mounted on wood and cut up to act items requested by, e.g. charities, schools, NT Telephone directories as jigsaw puzzles (which they preceded), marrying couples. NT Trade directories intended as geographical instruction for UF Donor lists RT Membership lists children. Originally 18th century. (Hist) BT Lists RT Staff lists BT Jigsaw puzzles RT Subscription lists BT Maps Directory advertisements Donor cards SN Advertisements on flimsy paper with Dissected puzzles SN Cards held by those who are willing to give evidence of removal from a trade or other USE Jigsaw puzzles blood or to donate their organs on death. directory. Sometimes erroneously described UF Cards, Donor as trade cards. Distance charts BT Cards BT Advertisements SN Charts showing the distances between NT Blood donor cards BT Directories different locations, typically displayed in the NT Organ donor cards form of a table. Disabled parking permits UF Mileage charts Donor lists SN Documents to be displayed in the vehicles BT Charts USE Donation lists of disabled drivers to allow use of specified parking spaces. Distraint papers Doyleys BT Parking permits SN Documents associated with the USE Doilies appropriation of goods and chattels, usually Discharge certificates from debtors or in redress for wrong done. Drafts SN Certificates given to services personnel on UF Papers, Distraint SN Preliminary stages of a document (book, leaving. BT Legal documents letter, design, etc.) BT Certificates NT Distress warrants RT Layouts RT Tickets of leave RT Warrants RT Manuscripts

Disclaimer notices Distress warrants Drawing books SN Notices abrogating responsibility for, e.g., SN Warrants empowering bailiffs to take goods SN Books or sheets containing images to be theft in car parks, accidents. Typically when fines or other debts are unpaid. copied as tuition. worded ‘members of the public do ... at UF Warrants of distress UF Drawing sheets their own risk’. BT Distraint papers BT Books BT Notices RT Copybooks Dog licences Discount cards SN Licences permitting the ownership of a dog. Drawing sheets USE Loyalty cards BT Licences USE Drawing books

Discount tea tickets Doilies Dress patterns SN Tickets in tea packets that could be SN Small ornamental mats made of paper, SN Paper templates from which the parts of a exchanged for ornamental articles. This linen, etc., used on a plate beneath garment are transferred onto fabric before is the first recorded use in Britain of a gift sandwiches, cakes, etc. (OED) cutting out and assembling. coupon (1876). (Hist) UF Dessert papers UF Sewing patterns UF Tickets, Discount tea UF Doyleys BT Pattern sheets BT Coupons UF Papers, Dessert BT Table stationery Drinks licences Disinfected mail RT Cut-paper works USE Alcohol sales licences SN Letters treated in times of plague and other RT Paper lace epidemics, marked with seals, handstamps, RT Place mats Drip discs labels or handwritten notes. (Hist) USE Candle shields BT Mail Dolls, paper USE Paper dolls Drip mats Dispensary labels USE Beermats USE Medicine labels Domestic accounts USE Household accounts Drip shields USE Candle shields 26 | Drivers’ licences

Drivers’ licences Easter cards RT Election manifestos SN Official documents that state that a person SN Greetings cards sent at Easter time. RT Election posters may operate a motorized vehicle, such as a UF Cards, Easter motorcycle, car, truck or a bus, on a public BT Greetings cards Election manifestos roadway. SN Documents setting out the beliefs, policies BT Licences Economy labels and intentions of political parties or other RT Master mariners’ certificates SN Labels mostly with an adhesive coating for groups standing for election. For manifestos RT Pilots’ licences re-using envelopes. Usually with illus. or text of individuals use Election addresses. and provided by Civil Service departments BT Manifestos Driving offence notifications or sold by organisations, e.g. conservation RT Election addresses SN Documents including fixed penalty notices groups, charities, museums. RT Election leaflets and Notifications of Intention to Prosecute UF Re-use labels RT Election posters for road traffic offences. BT Labels UF Traffic tickets RT Address labels Election posters NT Penalty charge notices SN Posters promoting individual candidates or RT Summonses Edmondsons parties at election times. SN Small railway tickets made of card, c. 25 x BT Political posters Dummies (Bookselling) 51mm, introduced in UK in 1842 and used RT Election addresses SN Sets of bound blank pages used as models into 1980s. (Hist) RT Election leaflets to show the size of a book being published, BT Railway tickets RT Election manifestos specifically to calculate the size of the book jacket.. Education vouchers Election souvenirs RT Books SN Vouchers issued by the government SN Largely American and referring mostly to or employers, that parents can apply presidential elections. They include a wide Dunces’ caps toward tuition at a private school, nursery variety of items such as posters, leaflets, SN Typically made of paper and often marked education, or to reimburse home schooling and paper lanterns and hats. with a D or the word ‘dunce’, given to expenses, rather than attending a state UF Campaign souvenirs schoolchildren to wear as punishment by school. BT Souvenirs public humiliation for misbehaviour or, as BT Vouchers the name implies, perceived stupidity. (Hist) Electoral lists BT Paper hats Educational aids SN Lists of those entitled to vote in specific RT Neck papers USE Teaching aids elections. UF Electoral registers Dust jackets Educational invoices UF Voters’ lists USE Book jackets SN Invoices from schools or colleges setting BT Lists out fees for tuition, accommodation, extras, RT Poll lists Dust wrappers etc. RT State-of-the-poll notices USE Book jackets UF College bills UF School bills Electoral registers Duty rotas BT Invoices USE Electoral lists SN Lists of times at which designated people NT Battels are required to be available or to undertake Electoral roll forms specific tasks. Educational prospectuses SN Application forms for those who wish to be UF Rosters SN Prospectuses for schools, colleges, included in electoral lists. UF Rotas, Duty universities, etc. BT Application forms BT Lists BT Prospectuses RT Circuit plans Emails RT Job instructions Election addresses SN Printouts of email messages. RT Timetables SN The material sent out by an individual BT Born digital items candidate during a local or national political BT Correspondence Duty stamps campaign, normally only during the election RT Faxes USE Tax stamps period itself. RT Mail UF Addresses, Election DVD insert cards RT Election leaflets Embellishments USE Insert cards RT Election manifestos USE Penmen’s flourishes RT Election posters RT Speeches Emblems (Allegorical pictures) SN Allegorical pictures, often inscribed with Election envelopes mottoes, common especially in the 16th SN Envelopes supplied for enclosing ballot and 17th centuries. (AAT) (Hist) For emblems papers, to ensure anonymity. Also envelopes in the form of symbols use Emblems for postal voting. (Symbols). E BT Envelopes BT Pictures Election leaflets Emblems (Symbols) E-tickets SN Leaflets produced by national and local SN Representations of objects, symbolizing and branches of political parties during suggesting other objects, ideas, institutions SN Tickets for travel or events that have been election campaigns. For materials sent or individuals, such as a balance as an bought online, delivered by email and out by individual candidates use Election emblem of justice. For allegorical pictures printed out by the purchaser. addresses. with mottoes, use Emblems (Allegorical BT Born digital items BT Leaflets pictures). (AAT amended) BT Tickets RT Election addresses BT Marks Excise stamps | 27

RT Crests Entertainment guides loose, tipped in, or, rarely, bound in with the RT Logos SN Documents listing the events organised pages. (AAT amended) either at a particular venue, by a specific UF Corrigenda slips Embossing group or organisation, or in a particular site UF Slips, Corrigenda SN The process of creating raised images or or area. May be in a variety of formats. UF Slips, Errata designs in paper and other materials. UF Guides, Entertainment RT Addenda slips RT Cameo cards UF What’s on guides RT Cameos BT Guides Escape maps RT Handstamps RT Cinema programmes SN Maps printed on silk to aid wartime RT Marks escapees. (Hist) RT Paper lace Entertainment posters BT Maps USE Performing arts posters Embroidered cards Escort cards SN Cards embroidered with silk, popular during Envelopes USE Acquaintance cards World War I as postcards from soldiers to SN Rectangular containers (usually) flat and their women at home, but also religious and made of paper or card, intended for small Estimates souvenir cards. (Hist) objects or documents, and most often for SN Written predictions of the cost of work to UF Cards, Embroidered posting letters. For envelopes that have be done. RT Postcards been through a postal system use Postal UF Quotations covers. BT Business stationery Embroidery cards NT Advertising envelopes SN Colour printed cards, perforated, ready for NT Airgraph envelopes Etiquettes working in silk or wool. (EE) NT Change packets USE Postal labels UF Cards, Embroidery NT Charity gift envelopes RT Pattern sheets NT Election envelopes Evaluation forms NT Gift aid envelopes SN Forms inviting people to evaluate a service, Embroidery patterns NT Parliamentary envelopes occasion or event. SN Designs for embroidery. May be provided NT Pay packets UF Complaint forms as iron-on sheets, or as plain designs for NT Pictorial envelopes UF Feedback forms transfer by various methods. NT Prescription envelopes BT Forms BT Pattern sheets NT Security envelopes RT Questionnaires NT Berlin patterns NT Stationers’ envelopes RT Transfer sheets NT Window envelopes Events, Calendars of RT Packaging USE Calendars of events Emergency currency RT Pockets SN Money issued under abnormal financial RT Postal covers Evidence, Notes of conditions, such as wartime or economic RT Stationery USE Notes of evidence panic. (AAT) RT Wrappers UF Currency, Emergency Ex-dono labels BT Money Envelopes, Mulready USE Book donor labels NT Assignats USE Mulready envelopes RT Improvised currency Ex libris Envelopes, Propaganda USE Bookplates Emergency newspapers USE Propaganda envelopes USE Improvised newspapers Examiners’ reports Envelopes, Wage SN Reports produced by examiners giving an Employee records USE Pay packets overall assessment of results and (in the SN Documents on which employees’ case of undergraduates) often advice for performances are entered, usually with Épinal prints staff and future candidates. details of fines, deductions and the final SN French popular prints published in Épinal, BT Reports balance of wages due. (EE) often sold by itinerant pedlars. Originally UF Service records woodcuts and subsequently lithographs, Exchange tickets BT Records (Documents) the prints are brightly coloured and naïve SN Post-horse duty tickets, exchanged at the RT Pay packets in style. They usually show sequences first toll-gate on journey for a ticket that RT Payslips of words and images in the manner of took the bearer through all subsequent RT Timesheets the comic strip. They were often brought turnpikes. (Hist) together and published in bound volumes. UF Tickets, Exchange Employment contracts UF Imagerie d’Épinal BT Post horse tickets SN Agreements between employers and UF Prints, Épinal RT Turnpike tickets employees, setting out their employment BT Popular prints rights, responsibilities and duties. Excise licences BT Contracts Equivoques SN Licences permitting the purchaser to deal SN Passages of text in which two different in taxed goods or activities, especially fuel, Enamelled cards meanings appear if one portion is folded out alcohol and gambling. USE Cartes porcelaine of sight. BT Licences USE View cards BT Mechanical works RT Flap images Excise marks Enclosure badges USE Tax stamps SN Issued to be worn as visible sign of Errata slips entitlement to be present in selected areas SN Slips or leaves bearing a list of corrections, Excise stamps at race meetings and other public events. typographic or content based, to the text USE Tax stamps BT Badges of a book or similar item. They are inserted BT Passes 28 | Excise tickets

Excise tickets commemorative messages. (TGM amended) USE Post horse tickets If the fan contains advertising index also under Promotional materials. Execution broadsides SN Sheets printed on one side for sale around F Fanzines the time of public hangings. They usually USE Fan magazines included accounts of the crime, the court proceedings, the bearing of the convicted Fabric labels Farthing change packets persons and a supposed rendering of the SN Labels used to identify material in bulk, in USE Change packets gallows scene. (Hist) bolts and in individual fabric lengths. May BT Broadsides vary from heavily embossed, cut out or Farthing novelettes BT Street literature otherwise decorated colour printed labels, SN 8-page miniature format printed stories to ones printed in a single colour. (EE) used as substitute for a farthing change by Exercise book covers UF Labels, Fabric drapers and haberdashers 1870–1914. They SN Advertising book jackets produced mainly UF Textile labels are not identified as such on the item. (Hist) in France to protect school exercise books. BT Product labels BT Alternative currency (Hist) NT Bale labels BT Booklets UF Protège cahiers RT Chop papers RT Change pin-papers BT Protective coverings RT Garment labels RT Penny dreadfuls RT Exercise books RT Sales tax tokens RT Promotional materials Fabric samples SN Individual swatches of fabric, often with Father’s day cards Exercise books a label attached; or smaller swatches UF Cards, Father’s day SN Notebooks of usually ruled pages used by displayed on a single sheet or leaf of a BT Greetings cards school children for the presentation of their catalogue. work to teachers for marking. Sometimes BT Cloth Faxes with the name of the school on the front. BT Samples SN Documents sent over telephone lines from (AAT amended) one machine and printed out on another. BT Notebooks Fabrics, Printed BT Facsimiles RT Copybooks USE Cloth BT Printouts RT Exercise book covers RT Emails Facsimiles Exhibition catalogues SN Exact copies of an original object, usually Feather letters SN Publications that document the works in the same dimensions as the original, SN Letters with a feather fixed in the wax of displayed in an exhibition. (AAT) especially of books, documents, prints, the seal to indicate special urgency. Rare. BT Catalogues and drawings. Today often reproduced Scandinavia 1780s. (EE) (Hist) photographically, photomechanically or BT Letters Exhibition posters digitally; in the past, reproduced by manual RT Express labels BT Posters printmaking processes. (AAT amended) For documents sent over telephone lines Use Feedback forms Export licences Faxes. USE Evaluation forms USE Import/Export licences NT Faxes RT Forgeries Ferry rate notices Express labels SN Notices displaying the cost of journeys (for SN Labels attached to postal items indicating Fake money people/vehicles/animals) on ferry boats. that additional payment has been made to SN Use Forgeries for items intended to deceive. UF Notices, Ferry rate ensure fast delivery. Use Mock money for items used in games BT Tariff notices UF Labels, Express or rituals. BT Postal labels USE Forgeries Ferry tickets RT Feather letters USE Mock money UF Tickets, Ferry BT Travel tickets Eye masks Family trees USE Eyeshades SN Charts representing family relationships in a Ferry timetables branching diagram. BT Travel timetables Eye test charts UF Genealogies SN Charts containing a series of letters, figures BT Branching diagrams Festival decorations or short passages of text, graded in size, RT Chronologies SN Decorations, in the context of ephemera used to test visual acuity. mainly of paper or card, put up in the home UF Opticians’ test charts Fan magazines and public buildings to celebrate religious BT Charts SN Commercially written and published and other festivals. magazines intended for the amusement of UF Decorations, Festival Eyeshades fans of the popular culture subject matter NT Christmas decorations SN Devices to protect the eyes from strong that they cover; e.g. football, pop music. RT Bunting light, often carrying advertising matter. UF Fanzines Includes masks to cover the eyes to aid BT Magazines Festival programmes sleep. RT Zines SN Programmes for, e.g. cultural, musical, UF Eye masks literary, local festivals. UF Shades, Eye Fancy stationery BT Programmes UF Sleep masks USE Decorative stationery RT Masks Field service postcards Fans SN Field service postcards were an early form SN Flat, splayed or concertina folded of controlling messages sent by troops from fans with advertisements, souvenir or the Front during World War I. The messages Flow diagrams | 29

could only be compiled by crossing out First flight covers Flash cards pre-printed lines of copy that were not SN Covers recording by special label, cachet USE Flashcards relevant. (Hist) or other mark, an inaugural flight between BT Postcards specified points. (EE) Flashcards BT Postal covers SN Sets of cards bearing information, as words, Film posters RT Postal cachets pictures or numbers, used in classroom UF Cinema posters drills or in private study. Often with a UF Movie posters Fiscal stamps question on one side and the answer on its UF Posters, Film USE Tax stamps reverse. BT Performing arts posters UF Cards, Flash RT Film stills Fiscal wrappers UF Flash cards RT Lobby cards USE Tax wrappers UF Lesson cards RT Standees UF Picture lesson cards Fish crate labels BT Teaching aids Film stills SN Printed paper labels bearing the name and RT Conversation cards SN Photographs taken on or off the set of a film port code number of a fishing vessel, to or television programme during production identify the source of crates of fish sent for Fleet marriage certificates for promotional purposes. auction. SN Certificates of marriages performed in the UF Publicity stills UF Fish tallies Fleet area of London (mostly 17th century UF Stills, Film BT Crate labels to mid-18th century) at any hour, often by BT Photographs unqualified parsons and without banns or RT Film posters Fish fortune papers licences. (Hist) RT Lobby cards SN Papers in the shape of a fish that curl up BT Marriage certificates RT Production stills when warm. Usually accompanied by an RT Standees envelope and/or explanatory note. Flicker books UF Fortune papers, Fish USE Flip books Film wallets BT Paper novelties USE Photograph wallets Fliers Fish tallies USE Flyers Financial records USE Fish crate labels SN Documents relating to money matters. (AAT) Flight manifests BT Records (Documents) Fishing licences USE Aircraft manifests NT Accounts SN Authorisations to fish. May include specific NT Budgets limitations as to type of fish, type of rod, Flip books NT Financial statements permitted locations and seasons. SN Illustrations bound together in a small NT Negotiable instruments BT Licences format book that create an animated NT Payslips scene when the pages are flipped in rapid NT Stock certificates Fitas succession. (TGM amended) RT Business stationery SN Colourful thin ribbons on sale outside UF Flicker books churches in Brazil since the early 19th BT Books Financial statements century, with the name of the locality BT Optical novelties SN Reports summarizing the financial condition originally embroidered, now printed on of an organization or individual on any date them. Imported and sold in Europe in the Flirtation cards or for any period. (AAT) early 21st century, the proceeds going USE Acquaintance cards BT Financial records towards planting trees in the rain forest. NT Bank statements UF Wish bracelets Floor plans NT Tax vouchers BT Ribbons SN Plans representing one or more horizontal RT Accounts sections through a building showing the RT Reports Fixture lists enclosing walls, interior spaces, doors, and RT Statements of accounts SN Lists of a sporting organisation’s current windows. season of matches. BT Plans (Diagrams) Firearms licences BT Calendars of events SN Licences authorising an individual to own a Florists’ cards firearm. Flag-day emblems SN Cards bearing a message to accompany UF Gun licences USE Charity badges gifts of flowers. BT Licences BT Cards RT Hunting licences Flags, Paper NT Wreath cards USE Paper flags First communion cards Flow charts SN Cards commemorating a first communion. Flap images USE Flow diagrams May be given to the communicant by the SN Illustrations in which a part or parts of a church or be a good wishes card from picture can be lifted to reveal a different Flow diagrams family or friends. Often dated. image underneath, thereby changing the SN Diagrams that represent an algorithm or UF Cards, First communion sense of the whole image. May originate process, showing each step as a graphic box BT Religious cards from books of such illustrations. (or similar shape) containing information, UF Harlequinades the sequence of reading the boxes being First day covers BT Mechanical works determined by lines or arrows. SN Envelopes posted and franked on the day of RT Advent calendars UF Flow charts issue of the stamp they bear. (EE) RT Equivoques UF Flowcharts UF Covers, First day RT Metamorphic pictures BT Diagrams BT Postal covers RT Rose souvenirs RT Algorithms RT Postal cachets RT Special issue stamps 30 | Flowcharts

Flowcharts Food wrappers Forms, Airgraph USE Flow diagrams BT Wrappers USE Airgraph forms BT Wrapping paper Flower pot covers NT Fruit wrappers Forms, Membership USE Plant pot covers NT Provision papers USE Membership forms NT Sugar wrappers Flowercages NT Sweet wrappers Fortune papers, Fish USE Cobwebs RT Food packaging labels USE Fish fortune papers

Flowers, paper Football pools coupons Fortune telling cards USE Paper flowers SN Printed forms containing lists of football SN Playing cards made specifically for matches set to take place over the coming forecasting the future. (TGM) Fly-wagon bills week. Users predict the likely outcome by BT Cards USE Carriers’ bills marking specific boxes. Prizes are given for NT Tarot cards accurate predictions. RT Playing cards Fly papers BT Forms SN Sticky or insecticide-infused papers hung RT Betting tickets Frakturs up in rooms to kill flies, usually with some SN Decorative documents introduced into product information. For sale notices America by German and Swiss immigrants UF Papers, Fly SN Use for notices advertising specific items for in latter part of 18th century; usually BT Paper types sale, e.g. houses, cars, eggs. hand-drawn in ink with blackletter RT Impregnated papers UF Notices, For sale writing and brightly coloured. May be BT Sale notices birth certificates, house blessings, school Flyers certificates, bookplates, valentines, etc. SN Single, unfolded printed sheets such as Forgeries (Hist) notices or advertisements intended for SN Copies of, e.g. money, documents, art works, RT Baptismal certificates distribution to the public by hand or by mail. produced with the intention of deceiving. RT Certificates (AAT amended) UF Fake money UF Fliers RT Facsimiles Frame cards UF Handbills RT Mock money SN Mounts for photographs, in memoriam BT Advertisements RT Money cards, etc. NT Club flyers UF Cards, Frame RT Broadsides Forms UF Photo frame cards RT Brochures SN Printed, typed or electronically produced UF Photo insert cards RT Circulars documents soliciting information or BT Mounts RT Direct mail responses from user. Often with blank RT In memoriam cards RT Leaflets spaces for insertion of requested information or boxes for ticking. (TGM Free franks Folded paper works amended) SN Letters of designated persons having the SN Items made by the craft of folding paper. UF Blank forms benefit of free use of the postal service. UF Origami NT Application forms The letters had to be identified by being UF Paper folding NT Ballot papers marked on the front by a seal or signature. UF Works, Folded paper NT Census forms The system was abolished in the UK in 1840. BT Paperwork (Crafts) NT Certificates (Hist) RT Paper novelties NT Cheques BT Letters NT Claim forms BT Mail Food labels NT Consent forms RT Parliamentary envelopes SN Use for labels or cards that identify food laid NT Donation forms RT Postal cachets out in buffets, at parties, on food counters, NT Evaluation forms etc. For labels used on food packaging NT Football pools coupons Freebies to indicate, e.g. contents, safety, cooking NT Gift aid forms USE Give-aways instructions, use Food packaging labels. NT Incident report forms UF Labels, Food NT Landing cards Frontispieces BT Product labels NT Order forms SN Illustration, sometimes a plate, facing a NT Questionnaires book’s title page. Food packaging labels NT Recommendation forms BT Leaves SN Labels used on food packaging to indicate NT Record cards contents, safety, cooking instructions, etc. NT Summonses Frost fair papers For labels used to identify food laid out in NT Tax forms SN Papers printed on the ice at periods when buffets, at parties, on food counters etc., NT Telegrams rivers, especially the Thames, froze over. use Food labels. NT Timesheets Usually dated. (Hist) BT Labels NT Warrants UF Papers, Frost fair RT Food wrappers RT Business stationery BT Keepsakes RT Packaging RT Hire contracts RT Licences Fruit crate labels Food sachets RT Passports BT Crate labels SN Use for packaging of, e.g. salt, pepper, sugar and sauces, as found in restaurants, with Forms of prayer Fruit labels take-away food and on aircraft. Use Sugar SN Prayers written and presented for use on SN Small self-adhesive labels stuck onto wrappers for the packaging of cube sugar. specific occasions. individual pieces of fruit. BT Sachets BT Prayers UF Fruit stickers RT Orders of service UF Labels, Fruit Give-aways | 31

BT Product labels Game cards BT Bags RT Fruit wrappers USE Card games RT Gift wraps

Fruit stickers Game money Gift cards USE Fruit labels USE Board game money SN Prepaid cards issued by retailers or banks to be given as a present, in lieu of cash or a Fruit wrappers Game pieces material gift. SN Colourful tissue paper wrappers usually USE Board game pieces UF Cards, Gift with images of the fruit, brand names, the BT Prepaid cards grower’s name, and the country of origin. Game record cards RT Gift vouchers BT Food wrappers SN Records of shooting for game. RT Fruit labels UF Cards, Game record Gift catalogues BT Record cards SN Use for catalogues of gifts that are offered Funeral attendance cards RT Score cards in exchange for collected coupons. For SN Small cards to be filled in by mourners at a catalogues advertised as offering ‘gifts’ for funeral to provide the family with a record Gameboards sale use Mail order catalogues. of those present. USE Game boards BT Catalogues UF Attendance cards, Funeral RT Mail order catalogues BT Cards Games BT Funeral stationery SN Activities providing entertainment or Gift coupons amusement; pastimes. USE Gift vouchers Funeral notices NT Beetle drive cards SN Notifications of deaths, giving details of the NT Bingo cards Gift lists funeral arrangements. NT Board games SN Lists of items requested as gifts, e.g. by BT Funeral stationery NT Card games marrying couples, charities, schools. NT Children’s games BT Lists Funeral service cards NT Playing cards SN Orders of service for funerals. NT Puzzles Gift tokens UF Cards, Funeral service RT Toys USE Gift vouchers BT Funeral stationery BT Orders of service Games of goose Gift vouchers USE Board games SN Paper vouchers of specified value, and often Funeral stationery for specific products (e.g. books) or services, SN Items such as mourning cards, in memoriam Gantt charts offered as gifts, which can be redeemed cards, thank you cards, orders of service. SN Charts illustrating the sequence of tasks by the recipient for items of their own BT Stationery needing to be undertaken for a project, with choosing. Increasingly being replaced by NT Funeral attendance cards their start and finish dates. plastic cards. NT Funeral notices UF Critical path analysis charts UF Gift coupons NT Funeral service cards BT Charts UF Gift tokens NT In memoriam cards BT Vouchers NT Wreath cards Garment labels NT Book tokens SN Cloth labels sown into garments bearing NT Record tokens Furniture makers’ labels manufacturer’s name, also labels including NT Theatre tokens SN Printed paper labels used by cabinet and care and washing instructions. RT Gift cards furniture makers on their products. UF Labels, Garment UF Labels, Furniture makers’ BT Product labels Gift wrapping tape BT Trade labels RT Fabric labels SN Decorated wrapping tape, either for tying or self-adhesive. Sometimes carries Gauge cards advertising. SN Cards usually with holes to gauge sizes. BT Parcel tape UF Cards, Gauge RT Gift wraps RT Knitting registers RT Ribbons

Genealogies Gift wraps G USE Family trees SN Decorative paper made and used for wrapping gifts. Gift aid envelopes BT Paper types Galley proofs SN Envelopes, especially in churches, in which RT Gift bags contributions may be enclosed and that RT Gift wrapping tape SN Proofs taken from composed type before include a form of consent to the relevant RT Plant pot covers page make-up to allow for the detection and church or charity claiming back Gift Aid. RT Wrapping paper correction of errors. Traditionally a stage BT Envelopes before page proofs. Give-aways BT Proofs Gift aid forms SN Merchandise offered sometimes with Game boards SN Forms provided by charities for donors to a product for the purpose of attracting sign, to allow charity to claim tax relief. purchasers. Often produced in collectable SN Boards provided for games with counters, BT Forms series. (AAT amended) often laid out in spiral, checkerboard UF Freebies or racetrack layout, with information or Gift bags UF Premiums instructions on various squares or sections. SN Bags, usually decorative, to use as an NT Liebig cards UF Gameboards alternative to wrapping paper. Usually have RT Cigarette cards BT Board games handles and sometimes a tag. RT Collectables 32 | Gramophone record covers

RT Promotional materials Greetings telegrams RT Silks SN Colourful ‘special occasion’ telegram forms. In operation by BT in the UK 1935–1982. Gramophone record covers Now available through commercial USE Record covers providers. H BT Telegrams Gramophone record labels SN The round labels attached to the centres of Gretna Green marriage certificates Haberdashery cards vinyl and earlier gramophone records giving SN Certificates of marriages, often between SN Cards on which are fixed small items such details of contents. (Hist) eloping couples, taking place in Scotland as buttons, safety pins, hooks & eyes. BT Product labels where there was no need for banns or UF Cards, Haberdashery RT Insert cards consent. (Hist) BT Display cards RT Record covers BT Marriage certificates Hackney cab licences Gratuity almanacs Grocery papers USE Taxi licences SN Cheap calendars or almanacs hawked by USE Provision papers postmen and others at Christmas or New Hackney carriage fare maps Year seeking gratuities. Guarantees USE Taxi fare maps BT Almanacs SN Assurances of the quality of a product BT Gratuity requests offered for sale, often with a promise of Ham radio cards reimbursement or replacement. Usually SN Cards sent by amateur radio operators to Gratuity requests have a time limit, and caveats. record successful radio contact. SN Requests for gratuities from, e.g. newspaper RT Quality assurance labels UF Cards, Ham radio deliverers, often implicit in seasonal cards. UF Cards, QSL UF Seasonal appeals Guest lists UF QSL cards BT Appeals SN Lists of invitees to events such as weddings, BT Postcards NT Bellmen’s verses parties, clubs. For lists of people attending NT Gratuity almanacs open events use Visitor lists. Hand-made greetings cards RT Ballad appeals BT Lists BT Greetings cards RT Carriers’ addresses RT Table seating plans RT Visitor lists Hand stamps Grave cards USE Handstamps SN Cards designed to be fixed to gravestones, Guides on anniversaries, etc. SN Guides to exhibitions, places, buildings, etc. Handbills BT Cards Briefer than guidebooks. Format may vary. USE Flyers RT In memoriam cards NT Entertainment guides NT Railway journey guides Handkerchiefs Green Shield stamps NT River boat guides SN Pieces of cloth, usually square, and intended SN Trading stamp scheme operating in Britain RT Instructions for wearing; printed with commemorative between 1958 and 1991. (Hist) RT Itineraries designs for use as souvenirs, or with UF Stamps, Green Shield RT Plans (Diagrams) political slogans. (TGM amended) BT Trading stamps UF Bandanas Guides, Entertainment UF Kerchiefs Greeting cards USE Entertainment guides UF Printed handkerchiefs USE Greetings cards BT Cloth Guides, Railway journey RT Japanese paper souvenirs Greetings cards USE Railway journey guides RT Keepsakes SN Cards sent to celebrate or commemorate life events such as anniversaries, birthdays, Guides, User Handstamps or religious festivals (all religions) or to wish USE Manuals SN Marks left by a hand stamping device. recipient well, e.g. ‘Get well, Sorry you’re UF Hand stamps leaving’. Gum wrappers BT Marks UF Cards, Greetings SN Wrappers for sticks of bubble- or chewing RT Embossing UF Greeting cards gum. RT Tax stamps BT Correspondence UF Bubblegum wrappers NT Birthday cards UF Chewing gum wrappers Hanging cards NT Blank greetings cards BT Wrappers USE Showcards NT Christmas cards RT Sweet wrappers NT Condolence cards Harlequinades NT Congratulations cards Gun licences USE Flap images NT Easter cards USE Firearms licences NT Father’s day cards Hats, Paper NT Hand-made greetings cards Gunmakers’ labels USE Paper hats NT Hindu greetings cards UF Labels, Gunmakers’ NT Insult cards BT Trade labels Hawker’s licences NT Jewish greetings cards USE Traders’ licences NT Mother’s day cards NT Muslim greetings cards Head rest covers NT New Year cards SN Protective coverings for the backs of chairs NT Poisson d’avril cards or seats. May be promotional. NT Valentines UF Antimacassars RT Cards UF Headrest covers RT Stationery BT Protective coverings Hymn sheets | 33

Headrest covers Hire agreements Hotel stationery USE Head rest covers USE Hire contracts SN Stationery printed with details of hotel, left in rooms for the use of guests. Health and safety notices Hire contracts BT Stationery SN Use for advice and warnings on health risks, SN Documents setting out the terms and and for instructions on safety issues. conditions of hire where the owner of Hotel vouchers UF Bandos equipment (such as plant and machinery, SN Vouchers indicating pre-payment provided UF Welfare notices tools, vehicles, etc.) hires out such by tour operators or travel agents for BT Notices equipment to a third party without an presentation at hotel. RT Quality assurance certificates operator. UF Hotel coupons RT Warning notices UF Charter parties UF Vouchers, Hotel UF Hire agreements BT Travel vouchers Health certificates BT Contracts SN Documents certifying that an individual RT Forms House journals has not had an infectious disease; or (for USE Institutional magazines immigration/travel) that a person has been Hold-to-light works vaccinated against a specific disease; or SN Cards or sheets of paper that reveal a House organs certification that an animal is healthy, hidden picture when held up to a light USE Newsletters before travel or import/export. May also be source. certificates required by pilots, train drivers, UF Cards, Transparency Household accounts etc., to guarantee their fitness for the job. UF Transparency cards SN Forms or books recording household UF Vaccination certificates UF Works, Hold-to-light income and expenditure. BT Certificates BT Hidden image works UF Domestic accounts RT Health records BT Paper novelties UF Housekeeping accounts RT Watermarks BT Accounts Health insurance cards RT Window transparencies SN In the European Union, plastic cards bearing Household regulations the holder’s name and indicating that they Holograms SN Detailed instructions for the performance are covered for certain health treatments in SN Pictures that present a three-dimensional of duties by servants in a household; also other EU countries. image of a subject that changes according family rules. BT Cards to the viewing angle. Produced with laser BT Rules and regulations technology; after 1960. (TGM amended) RT Job instructions Health records BT Marks SN Documentation of a single patient’s Housekeeping accounts long-term individual medical history and Holy cards USE Household accounts care. USE Devotional cards UF Medical records Hunting licences BT Records (Documents) Hornbooks SN Licences to control hunting with guns; RT Blood donor cards SN Small alphabet sheets pasted on flat required in many countries. RT Health certificates wooden bases with handles, and covered BT Licences RT Organ donor cards with a sheet of transparent horn. 15th to RT Firearms licences early 19th centuries. (Hist) Heraldic bookplates BT Alphabets Hurrah bands USE Armorial bookplates BT Learning aids USE Vivat ribbons RT ABC primers Hidden image works RT Battledores Hymn board number cards SN Works in which images or text are hidden SN Cards bearing a single digit, used in until revealed by an action, such as holding Horse-hire tickets combination and slotted into a display them to the light, heating them, or rubbing USE Post horse tickets board, to indicate the numbers of hymns or away a covering surface. (TGM) psalms to be sung at a church service. UF Works, Hidden image Hospital menus BT Cards NT Hold-to-light works BT Institutional menus NT Scratch cards Hymn sheets RT Mechanical works Hostel admission tickets SN Sheets containing words only of hymns for SN Tickets allowing admittance to hostels for public participation. Hidden name cards workless/homeless. Could be purchased UF Sheets, Hymn SN Type of calling card novelty that carried a cheaply or dispensed by church workers or BT Song sheets hinged scrap concealing the bearer’s name. other charitable agencies. (Hist) RT Orders of service (Hist) BT Admission tickets UF Cards, Hidden name RT Charity election cards UF Concealed name cards BT Novelty visiting cards Hotel coupons USE Hotel vouchers Hieroglyphic letters USE Rebuses Hotel labels SN Promotional luggage labels offered by Hieroglyphic puzzles hotels. USE Rebuses UF Labels, Hotel BT Luggage labels Hindu greetings cards BT Greetings cards 34 | Ice-cream tub lids

Impress warrants process or purposes; or the compatibility of SN Documents authorising the bearer to computer printer ink cartridges. forcibly seize men for the armed forces. BT Samples (Hist) I BT Warrants Inn tallies USE Innkeeper’s bills Improvised currency Ice-cream tub lids SN Unorthodox materials used as temporary Innkeeper’s bills SN Cardboard discs with a tab to assist substitutes for currency, e.g. playing cards, SN Originally handwritten, but early in the opening, used to seal ice-cream tubs. Often stamps. Not the same as emergency coaching era became more-or-less with a recess to contain a plastic spoon. currency. standardized printed forms. Sometimes BT Lids (Covers) UF Currency, Improvised included a mileage guide. (EE) (Hist) BT Money UF Inn tallies ID cards RT Alternative currency BT Invoices USE Identity cards RT Emergency currency Inscriptions Identity cards Improvised newspapers SN Lettering marked on something, especially SN Cards issued to individuals by governments, SN Newspapers produced under particularly for identification, documentation or firms or organisations to allow verification difficult conditions such as siege commemoration. (AAT amended) of status. newspapers or trench newspapers. BT Marks UF ID cards UF Emergency newspapers BT Cards UF Siege newspapers Insert cards NT Tramping cards UF Trench newspapers SN Use for cards inserted into the cases RT Passports BT Newspapers of sound or video recordings bearing information about the contents. Illuminated addresses In memoriam cards UF Cards, Insert USE Ceremonial addresses SN Devotional cards that include details and UF Cassette insert cards sometimes a photograph of the person UF CD insert cards Illustrated envelopes whom they commemorate. UF Compact disc insert cards USE Pictorial envelopes UF Cards, In memoriam UF Digital video disc insert cards UF Cards, Memorial UF DVD insert cards Illustrated letter paper UF Memorial cards UF Video insert cards USE Pictorial writing paper UF Mortuary cards BT Product labels UF Mourning cards RT Gramophone record labels Imagerie d’Épinal BT Devotional cards RT Record covers USE Épinal prints BT Funeral stationery RT Death notices Inserts, Magazine Imagerie populaire RT Frame cards USE Magazine inserts USE Popular prints RT Grave cards Insets, Magazine Immigration documents Incident report forms USE Magazine inserts SN Documents required by immigration SN Forms for reporting incident or accidents; regulations; they vary from country to may be work related or medical. Institutional magazines country. UF Accident report forms SN Magazines produced for internal UF Immigration vouchers BT Forms distribution by bodies such as educational establishments, churches or businesses. Immigration vouchers Income tax forms UF House journals USE Immigration documents SN Any forms sent to or returned by individuals BT Magazines relating to income tax matters. NT Parish magazines Import licences BT Tax forms NT School magazines USE Import/Export licences Indentures Institutional menus Import/Export licences SN Documents recording legally enforceable SN Menus, often covering a week or month, SN Licences permitting the import/export of agreements between two or three parties. indicating the food to be provided by specified commodities or products. The documents were originally cut particular institutions. UF Export licences indentwise into two or three pieces, the BT Menus UF Import licences matching parts establishing authenticity. NT Hospital menus BT Licences Frequently used to record apprenticeship or NT School menus labour agreements. (Hist) RT Diet sheets Impregnated papers BT Contracts RT Dietary tables SN In the context of ephemera, small leaves of paper impregnated with a variety of Indulgences Instructions products, such as soap, scent, sugar, usually SN In the Roman Catholic Church, papers SN Printed information explaining how to do or for ease of use. offering the full or partial remission of use something. UF Papers, Impregnated outstanding penance for sins that have NT Assembly instructions BT Paper types already been forgiven. NT Directions NT NCR paper NT Job instructions NT Papiers d’Arménie Ink charts NT Manuals NT Powder papers SN Charts indicating the range of coloured NT Pattern sheets NT Soap leaves inks supplied by a manufacturer; or the NT Recipes NT Sugar leaves suitability of inks for different surfaces, RT Algorithms RT Fly papers RT Guides RT Magic colouring books Knitting registers | 35

Insult cards Japanese paper souvenirs SN Greetings cards that contain insulting SN Square handkerchiefs with elaborate messages; sometimes intended humorously. borders printed on Japanese crêpe paper. BT Greetings cards BT Souvenirs RT Vinegar valentines RT Handkerchiefs K

Insurance certificates Jewish greetings cards SN Documents describing the insurance SN Greetings cards for Jewish life or religious Keepsakes policies maintained by the insured, giving events. SN Specially printed pieces of paper, card or the policy number, effective and expiration BT Greetings cards fabric produced as mementos of a visit or dates and name of the insurance company other occasion. affording coverage. Jigsaw puzzles UF Mementos BT Certificates SN Puzzles of irregularly shaped and NT Frost fair papers interlocking pieces of pasteboard or wood RT Ceremonial addresses Inventories that, when fitted together, typically form RT Commemorative newspapers SN Lists of property compiled for some formal pictures or designs. RT Commemorative prints purpose, such as the details of an estate UF Dissected puzzles RT Handkerchiefs going to probate, or the contents of a house BT Puzzles RT Peal cards to be let furnished. For lists of the contents NT Dissected maps RT Procession diagrams of businesses or shops use Stock lists. RT Picture puzzles RT Souvenirs BT Lists RT Auction sale catalogues Job descriptions Kerchiefs RT Stock lists SN Outline descriptions of the requirements of USE Handkerchiefs specific posts. For detailed instructions on Invitations the performance of specific tasks use Job Keycards SN Cards or letters inviting one or more instructions. SN Flat, rectangular plastic cards the size of persons to attend or participate in an event RT CVs a credit card, frequently used in hotels or occasion; often individually addressed. RT Job instructions to unlock doors, as an alternative to NT Artists’ invitations mechanical keys. NT Private view cards Job instructions UF Card keys RT Admission tickets SN Documents defining the jobs to be BT Machine-readable cards performed by a particular person or group RT Swipe cards Invoices of people, sometimes detailing how they are SN Documents listing, or intended for listing, to be performed, and/or timetables for the Keys (Legends) goods supplied or services rendered, to a tasks. For outlines of a postholder’s role use SN Texts or diagrams that identify specific consignee or purchaser, with their value or Job descriptions. features or people in a picture or map; may prices, and charges. UF Servants’ timetables be on a separate sheet from the picture; UF Bills (Invoices) UF Work instructions usually on or accompanying prints and BT Business stationery BT Instructions illustrations. (TGM amended) NT Billheads RT Duty rotas NT Chocolate box keys NT Educational invoices RT Household regulations NT Innkeeper’s bills RT Job descriptions King’s letters NT Receipted invoices RT Timesheets USE Church briefs RT Battels RT Tallies Jokes Kite bags RT Trade cards SN Use for jokes printed on wrappers, or on SN Conical paper bags formerly used by small slips of paper inserted into crackers or shopkeepers for dispensing small quantities Iridescent printing other products. of powders, sweets, and similar goods. (EE) SN Printing in ink that changes colour when the RT Mottoes (Hist) angle of view or illumination changes. Often RT Spoofs UF Bags, Kite on enamelled card. BT Paper bags Jumping jacks RT Snuff papers Itineraries SN Articulated figures, printed or hand-painted RT Tobacco packaging SN Documents outlining a proposed journey. and animated by a wire or string. (EE) (AAT) UF Pantins Knitting patterns RT Circuit plans BT Paper toys SN Instructions for making knitted garments or RT Guides other items. RT Railway journey guides Junk mail BT Pattern sheets RT Travel timetables USE Direct mail RT Waybills Knitting registers Jury lists SN Devices to help knitters keep track of the SN Papers containing the names of jurors rows they have completed. selected to try a case, or containing the RT Gauge cards names of all the jurors summoned to attend court. BT Lists J Jury summonses SN Papers requiring the recipient to attend for jury duty. Jackets, Book BT Summonses USE Book jackets 36 | Labels

Labels, Fabric UF Passenger cards USE Fabric labels BT Forms

Labels, Food Lapel ribbons L USE Food labels SN Coloured ribbons usually worn on the lapel to indicate support for a particular cause or Labels, Fruit issue; e.g. breast cancer, tsunami victims. Labels USE Fruit labels UF Awareness ribbons SN Slips of paper, card, plastic, metal, fabric BT Ribbons or other material; originally attached Labels, Furniture makers’ to an object to identify its contents, USE Furniture makers’ labels Laundry lists nature, ownership, destination or other SN Lists of items sent to the laundry, to ensure characteristics. May be adhesive. Use Labels, Garment correct return. Stickers for self-adhesive slips with slogans, USE Garment labels BT Lists designs or advertising. NT Address labels Labels, Gunmakers’ Lavatory paper NT Air transport labels USE Gunmakers’ labels USE Toilet paper NT Book labels NT Cypher labels Labels, Hotel Laws NT Economy labels USE Hotel labels SN Documents stating or outlining rules NT Food packaging labels of action or conduct prescribed by a NT Luggage labels Labels, Library controlling authority and having binding NT Medicine labels USE Library labels legal force. NT Name labels NT By-laws NT Plant labels Labels, Matchbox RT Constitutions NT Postal labels USE Matchbox labels RT Legal documents NT Product labels RT Rules and regulations NT Railway carriage labels Labels, Musical instrument makers’ NT Safety check labels USE Musical instrument makers’ labels Layouts NT Security labels SN Designers’ drafts or roughs, often with NT Tags (Labels) Labels, Parcel post specifications for production, given to NT Trade labels USE Parcel post labels printers. NT Wagon labels RT Artwork, Original RT Badges Labels, Picture framers’ RT Designs RT Packaging USE Picture framers’ labels RT Drafts RT Signs (Notices) RT Visuals RT Stickers Labels, Postal strike USE Postal strike covers Leaflets Labels, Airmail SN Freely distributed items, unbound, not USE Airmail labels Labels, Prize stapled or sewn and without a cover. Often USE Prize labels a single sheet folded or unfolded. Use for Labels, Bale non-advertising matter. For advertising USE Bale labels Labels, Ream leaflets use Flyers, Circulars or Brochures. USE Ream labels NT Campaign leaflets Labels, Book donor NT Election leaflets USE Book donor labels Labels, Shaker RT Aerial propaganda USE Shaker labels RT Booklets Labels, Booksellers’ RT Books USE Booksellers’ labels Labels, Union RT Flyers USE Union labels RT Pamphlets Labels, Bottle USE Bottle labels Labels, Wine Learning aids USE Wine labels SN Items produced for use by learners (often Labels, Can children) with or without the aid of a USE Can labels Labour accounts teacher. USE Timesheets UF Reading aids Labels, Censors’ NT Anatomical diagrams USE Censors’ labels Lace paper NT Battledores USE Paper lace NT Hornbooks Labels, Cigar box NT Spelling aids USE Cigar box labels Lampoons NT Teaching aids USE Satirical prints RT Activity sheets Labels, Crate RT Alphabet letters USE Crate labels Landing cards RT Alphabets SN Forms that travellers are required to RT Pictorial alphabets Labels, Date complete on entry to a foreign country. USE Date labels The traveller must present the completed Leaves form at the immigration desk at the point SN Loose leaves extracted from bound Labels, Deposit of entry. The form is usually supplied by the documents. USE Deposit labels airline, train or ferry company. UF Loose leaves UF Cards, Landing UF Pages, Loose Labels, Express UF Migration cards NT Album pages USE Express labels NT Frontispieces Lids (Covers) | 37

NT Title pages Letterheads Liberty cards NT Trade directory pages SN Printed headings on business or USE Passes RT Tear sheets professional stationery; may include a name, device, address or illustration. Not Library bookplates Lecture lists always at the top of the paper. For personal USE Library labels SN Lists of the lectures to be given on a letterheads use Writing paper. particular subject, or a series of related BT Business stationery Library cards topics, over a specified period. RT Billheads SN Cards indicating membership of a particular BT Calendars of events RT Letters library. Occur in a variety of formats. RT Stamped papers BT Membership cards Lecture tickets RT Writing paper NT Borrowers’ cards SN Tickets ensuring admission to a lecture, especially in 19th century medical faculties Letters Library labels and teaching hospitals. These tickets often SN Use for letters of particular interest for SN Any labels on or inside library books, bore the name of the student and the their content. If the stationery itself is of including library bookplates. signature of the head or secretary of the more interest, use Letterheads (for business UF Labels, Library faculty. (Hist) stationery) or Writing paper (for personal UF Library bookplates UF Tickets, Lecture stationery). BT Book labels BT Admission tickets BT Correspondence NT Book donor labels NT Anonymous letters NT Date labels Left baggage tickets NT Christmas round robins USE Left luggage tickets NT Church briefs Libretti NT Circular letters SN Booklets or books giving the words of Left luggage tickets NT Crossed letters operas, or similar extended musical SN Receipts for luggage left at storage facilities NT Feather letters compositions. Normally fairly basic, not in stations, airports, etc. NT Free franks containing programme information. UF Left baggage tickets NT Prisoners’ letters UF Books of words BT Tickets NT References UF Librettos RT Cloakroom tickets NT Round robins UF Wordbooks RT Correspondence books BT Booklets Legal documents RT Letterheads RT Programmes SN Documents that have legal status, often RT Lettersheets with marks of authority. RT Mail Librettos NT Affidavits RT Newsletters USE Libretti NT Bills of sale RT Petitions NT Charters RT Stationery Licences NT Contracts RT Suicide notes SN Formal permissions from constituted NT Deeds RT Writing paper authorities to do something that would NT Distraint papers otherwise be illegal. NT Living wills Letters, Air UF Licenses NT Powers of attorney USE Air letter sheets NT Alcohol sales licences NT Wills NT Buskers’ permits RT Laws Letters, Alphabet NT Dog licences USE Alphabet letters NT Drivers’ licences Lesson cards NT Excise licences USE Flashcards Letters, Begging NT Firearms licences USE Appeals NT Fishing licences Letter cards NT Hunting licences SN Sheets of paper or card folded and sealed at Letters, Hieroglyphic NT Import/Export licences the edges with a perforated and/or gummed USE Rebuses NT Marriage licences border. May or may not be prepaid. NT Performance licences UF Cards, Letter Letters, King’s NT Permits BT Postal stationery USE Church briefs NT Pilots’ licences NT Cartes pneumatiques NT Radio licences Letters, Scholars’ NT Taxi licences Letter pictures USE Writing blanks NT Television licences USE Calligrammes NT Traders’ licences Letters, Transfer NT Vehicle licences Letter seals USE Transfer letters RT Certificates SN Wax discs or paper slips with or without RT Forms words; usually smaller than a postage Lettersheets RT Passports stamp. SN Single sheets of folded paper used for RT Warrants BT Seals letters before the introduction of envelopes NT Sealing wafers in 1840. The first three sides were available Licenses RT Charity badges for correspondence; the last side was used USE Licences RT Charity seals for the address and formed the wrapping of RT Stamps the letter, which was generally sealed with Lids (Covers) wax. (Hist) SN Covers for containers, such as boxes, pots Letter sheets UF Letter sheets or bottles. May be hinged or otherwise USE Lettersheets BT Stationery attached. May be paper, card, plastic or foil. RT Letters NT Ice-cream tub lids RT Writing paper NT Milk bottle tops 38 | Liebig cards

Liebig cards BT Legal documents UF Cards, Discount SN Pre-eminent European advertising cards RT Wills UF Cards, Points issued in sets, and appearing in different UF Cards, Rewards languages. Other similar famous producers Lobby cards UF Club cards include Bon Marché, Cibils, Memmenich, SN Advertisements for films intended for UF Discount cards Suchard, Van Houten. (Hist) display in a cinema lobby or showcase UF Points cards UF Cards, Liebig window. Often small versions of movie UF Rewards cards BT Advertising trade cards posters. The standard size is 279 × 356 mm. BT Cards BT Give-aways (TGM amended) RT Trading stamps RT Collecting cards UF Cards, Lobby UF Cinema lobby cards Luggage labels Lighting plots BT Point-of-sale advertising SN Labels affixed to luggage usually to identify SN Documents similar to architectural RT Film posters owner, but can be with advertisements. blueprints, used specifically by theatrical RT Film stills UF Baggage labels lighting designers to illustrate and RT Production stills BT Labels communicate the lighting design. RT Standees NT Hotel labels BT Diagrams RT Address labels Location maps Lists USE Directional maps Luncheon vouchers SN Numbers of connected items, names, USE Meal vouchers etc., written or printed together, usually Logos consecutively, to form a record or aid to SN Graphically distinctive names, sets of memory. letters, unique symbols, or other devices NT Agendas for identifying a business or organisation. NT Bills of lading Distinguish whenever possible from NT Calendars of assizes Trademarks which were usually registered NT Calendars of events with a government agency to assure their NT Cast lists use exclusively by the owner. M NT Casualty lists BT Marks NT Checklists RT Emblems (Symbols) NT Donation lists RT Monograms Machine-readable cards NT Duty rotas RT Trademarks SN Plastic cards usually 85 x 54mm on which NT Electoral lists information can be encoded via either a NT Gift lists Loose leaves magnetic strip or an electronic chip. NT Guest lists USE Leaves BT Cards NT Inventories NT Keycards NT Jury lists Lost and found notices NT Payment cards NT Laundry lists SN Notices usually posted in the streets NT Swipe cards NT Mailing lists seeking or providing information on items NT Manifests lost or found. Magazine covers NT Membership lists UF Lost and found posters UF Covers, Magazine NT Participants lists BT Notices BT Magazines NT Passenger lists NT Animal lost / found notices NT Poll lists NT Child lost / found notices Magazine inserts NT Price lists RT Missing persons notices SN Items placed within the pages of a NT Prisoners’ lists RT Reward notices magazine or newspaper, or occasionally NT Reading lists a book, for distribution; may be loose NT Reminder lists Lost and found posters (inserts and not always distinguishable NT Ships’ stores lists USE Lost and found notices from other advertising matter) or bound NT Staff lists in (strictly speaking called insets and NT Stock lists Lost cat notices distinguished from inserts by glue, notches NT Subscription lists USE Animal lost / found notices or perforations). NT Trade lists UF Inserts, Magazine NT Visitor lists Lost dog notices UF Insets, Magazine NT Visitors’ registers USE Animal lost / found notices BT Magazines NT Wine lists RT Circulars RT Catalogues Lottery tickets SN Numbered slips of paper, cardboard, or Magazines Lists, School other material that represent chances for SN Periodicals containing articles, essays, USE School lists winning a prize in a lottery. poems, or other writings by different BT Tickets authors, usually on a variety of topics and Lists, Shopping RT Betting tickets intended for a general reading public or USE Shopping lists RT Raffle tickets treating a particular area of interest for a RT Sweepstake tickets Lithophanes, Paper popular audience. Often illustrated. Usually issued serially and numbered. Academic USE Paper lithophanes Loyalty cards and professional journals are not regarded SN Plastic or paper cards issued by retailers as ephemera. Living wills and other businesses offering the holder UF Periodicals SN Legal documents that set out the medical discounts or free items when purchases NT Clandestine magazines care an individual wants or does not want in have reached a specified amount or NT Fan magazines the event that he or she becomes incapable number. NT Institutional magazines of communicating his or her wishes. UF Advantage cards NT Magazine covers UF Advance directives UF Cards, Club Match boxes | 39

NT Magazine inserts Mandates Marconigrams NT Protest magazines SN Official commands or instructions by SN Messages sent by wireless telegraph using NT Tear-outs authorities; commissions to act for another the Marconi system. NT Tear sheets person. BT Ships’ telegrams NT Unstamped periodicals NT Bank mandates NT Zines Marks RT Book and magazine posters Manifestos SN Items that appear on the surface of paper RT Bookazines SN Public declarations in any graphic form artefacts either as identification, decoration RT Comics of the intentions, motives or views of or serving some other purpose. RT Newsletters an individual, group, political party or UF Stamps (Marks) RT Penny dreadfuls government. NT Autographs NT Election manifestos NT Cameos Magazines, Parish NT Cartouches USE Parish magazines Manifests NT Coats of arms SN Lists of cargo or passengers. NT Emblems (Symbols) Magic colouring books BT Lists NT Handstamps SN Colouring books in which the paper of NT Aircraft manifests NT Holograms designated parts of an image is already NT Ships’ manifests NT Inscriptions impregnated with colouring agents. The RT Bills of lading NT Logos colours are revealed when water is applied. RT Passenger lists NT Monograms BT Colouring books RT Waybills NT Ownership marks RT Impregnated papers NT Penmen’s flourishes Manuals NT Perforations Magic slates SN Documents containing instructions for, e.g. NT Postal cachets SN Thin cardboard pads with a dark bottom operating a machine, performing a task or NT Serial numbers layer and a thin sheet of opaque plastic on playing a video game. The format may vary. NT Trademarks top. They can be drawn on with a stylus to UF Guides, User NT Watermarks create dark lines, which can then be erased UF User guides RT Embossing by separating the two layers. BT Instructions BT Toys Marriage certificates RT Stylus tablets Manufacturers’ catalogues SN Certificates that serve as evidence of RT Writing tablets SN Lists of the products made by a firm, marriage, and are executed by the persons whether in book, booklet, leaflet or officiating at the marriage. (AAT) Magicians’ cards wallchart form. BT Certificates SN Playing cards specifically produced for UF Catalogues, Manufacturers’ NT Fleet marriage certificates magicians. BT Trade catalogues NT Gretna Green marriage certificates UF Cards, Magicians’ RT Civil partnership certificates BT Playing cards Manufacturers’ certificates RT Tarot cards USE Agency certificates Marriage licences SN Documents issued, either by a church or Mail Manufacturers’ labels state authority, authorizing a couple to SN Anything sent through the postal system. USE Product labels marry; they may also serve as the record of UF Post the marriage itself if signed by the couple NT Airgraph forms Manuscripts and witnessed. NT Direct mail SN Handwritten documents in their original BT Licences NT Disinfected mail form. Also typed, word-processed or NT Free franks handwritten documents submitted for Masks NT Postal covers publication. For preliminary stages of SN Articles normally worn usually on the NT Postal stationery documents use Drafts. face, typically for protection, disguise, RT Correspondence NT Music manuscripts performance or entertainment. RT Emails RT Drafts RT Eyeshades RT Letters RT Paper toys RT Postage stamps Maps RT Postal cachets SN Ordnance Survey maps and other major Mass cards national series, also atlases, are not SN Cards certifying that a Mass has been Mail order catalogues normally to be classed as ephemera. said for the benefit of sick or dead people, SN Publications containing a list of general NT Battlefield maps usually sold. merchandise that can be purchased from a NT Cycle maps UF Cards, Mass company and mailed to the customer. NT Directional maps BT Religious cards UF Catalogues, Mail order NT Dissected maps BT Trade catalogues NT Escape maps Master mariners’ certificates RT Gift catalogues NT Pictorial maps SN Documents certifying that the named holder NT Road maps is qualified to be in charge of a vessel. Mailing lists NT Street maps BT Certificates SN Collections of names and addresses used NT Strip maps RT Drivers’ licences by an individual or organization to send NT Tourist maps RT Pilots’ licences material to multiple recipients. NT Transport maps BT Lists RT Charts Match booklets RT Plans (Diagrams) USE Matchbook covers

Match boxes USE Matchboxes 40 | Match covers

Match covers NT Equivoques Mementos USE Matchbook covers NT Flap images SN Do not use. Use Keepsakes for items NT Metamorphic pictures produced as mementos of a visit or Match folders NT Volvelles other occasion. Use Souvenirs for items USE Matchbook covers RT Anatomical diagrams associated with travel or with particular RT Hidden image works events, usually bought rather than received Matchbook covers RT Mobiles as a gift. SN Card or wooden chip matches joined RT Novelty works USE Keepsakes together at the base and enclosed in a RT Paper novelties USE Souvenirs tuck-in cover. Frequently provided as free RT Perpetual calendars advertising. Where this is the case, index Memoranda also under Promotional materials. Medical certificates USE Memos UF Book-matches SN Certificates issued by a medical practitioner UF Book matches attesting to a patient’s state of health; they Memorial cards UF Bookmatches may indicate a condition which entitles the USE In memoriam cards UF Covers, Matchbook patient to benefits or concessions, attest to UF Match booklets their fitness for a particular job, or confirm Memos UF Match covers that they are too ill to work. SN Preprinted small sheets of paper used for UF Match folders UF Sick notes communication within an organisation. BT Packaging BT Certificates UF Memoranda NT Pull-matches BT Correspondence RT Matchboxes Medical prescription envelopes RT Notes USE Prescription envelopes RT Post-it notes Matchbox labels RT Reminder lists SN Labels intended to be fixed to the outer box Medical records or sleeve of the matchbox. Use for labels USE Health records Menus that have been detached from the boxes or SN Lists of the dishes that may be ordered from never been fixed to them. Medicine labels restaurants, including hotel restaurants, UF Labels, Matchbox SN Includes labels for branded commercial cafes or takeaways, or that are to be served BT Matchboxes products and labels produced for individual at a banquet or other occasion. BT Product labels chemists. UF Bills of fare UF Apothecaries’ labels NT Banquet menus Matchboxes UF Chemists’ labels NT Caterers’ menus SN Boxes for holding matches; used especially UF Dispensary labels NT Institutional menus with reference to small, pocket-sized, UF Pharmaceutical labels NT Room service menus rectangular boxes. Usually made of UF Pillbox labels NT Take-away menus cardboard and comprising a sliding BT Labels NT Travel menus compartment, and a roughened strip or RT Prescriptions NT Wedding menus strips for striking matches. (AAT amended) RT Diet sheets UF Match boxes Medleys RT Dietary tables BT Boxes SN Trompe l’oeil visual collages, mostly of RT Price lists NT Matchbox labels documents; occasionally found on trade RT Tariff cards RT Matchbook covers cards relating to printing and stationery. RT Wine lists They have a long history. Mats Menus, Chocolate box SN Coverings of paper or card laid on tables Membership cards USE Chocolate box keys for protection, advertising or decoration, SN Paper or plastic cards, usually small, used especially to keep food or liquid from given to members of a club, society or Metamorphic pictures surfaces. Where these contain advertising organisation as a means of identification, SN Items especially pictures that can be index also under Promotional materials. and/or a record of membership. transformed into other pictures by turning, BT Protective coverings BT Cards folding, or sliding a section. Also, pictures NT Coasters NT Library cards with interchangeable parts, such as sets NT Place mats RT Membership certificates of heads, torsos, and legs, which can be RT Season tickets (Events) combined to make different figures. (TGM Meal vouchers amended) SN Vouchers provided by employers as an Membership certificates UF Transformation pictures employee benefit; used in payment for food SN Documents certifying membership of a BT Mechanical works in restaurants/cafes. professional or other organisation. BT Pictures UF Luncheon vouchers BT Certificates NT Myrioramas BT Vouchers RT Membership cards RT Flap images RT Optical novelties Mechanical works Membership forms RT Scratch cards SN Items with moving parts, such as pop-up or SN Application forms for membership of clubs, sliding sections, turning wheels, levers or societies, professions or organisations. Meter reading cards flaps that unfold to reveal something new. UF Forms, Membership SN Cards left with householders to record Also, works that require the movement BT Application forms utility consumption in order to provide of one or more parts to reveal the whole billing information for the supplier. image or another image. If the item is a Membership lists BT Cards picture, then use Metamorphic pictures. SN Lists of members of a club, society or UF Movable works organisation. Micrographical portraits UF Works, Mechanical BT Lists SN Pictures of people or objects formed of UF Works, Moveable NT School lists letters or words, usually with the content NT Cobwebs RT Directories appropriate to the subject. Music sheets | 41

UF Portraits, Micrographical RT Forgeries Mottoes BT Pictures RT Money SN Brief messages inserted in paper crackers. RT Calligrammes Originally contained love verses, later Money cartoons and mottoes and, later still, jokes Migration cards SN Anything in general circulation that by and riddles. In some parts of the world USE Landing cards common agreement serves as a medium messages, when cut up, are placed in of exchange as payment for goods and desserts and baked goods. Mileage charts services and for the settlement of debts. UF Cracker mottoes USE Distance charts (AAT) UF Mottoes, Cracker UF Currency UF Mottos Milk bottle tops UF Paper money RT Jokes SN Tops for securing milk bottles. Once made NT Alternative currency of recessed cardboard discs, more recently NT Banknotes Mottoes, Cracker made of aluminium foil, different colours NT Emergency currency USE Mottoes designating the type of milk, especially its NT Improvised currency fat content. RT Bankers’ drafts Mottos BT Lids (Covers) RT Cheques USE Mottoes RT Forgeries Mind maps RT Mock money Mounts SN Diagrams used to outline information RT Negotiable instruments SN Secondary surfaces on or within which visually. Usually created around a single RT Payment cards works, often drawings, photographs or word or text, to which associated ideas, RT Postal orders prints, are mounted. (AAT amended) words and concepts are added. Used, e.g. RT Promissory notes NT Calendar mounts to take notes in lectures, at brainstorming NT Frame cards meetings, to explain relationships. Money bags BT Diagrams SN Small bags made of paper, cloth or plastic, Mourning cards provided by banks for sorting coinage. USE In memoriam cards Miniature theatres BT Bags USE Toy theatres Movable works Money orders USE Mechanical works Minutes USE Postal orders SN Structured records of what was said and Movie posters done at meetings or conferences. (AAT Monograms USE Film posters amended) SN Characters or ciphers composed of two BT Records (Documents) or more combined or interwoven letters; Mulreadies RT Agendas usually represent a name or part of a name. USE Mulready envelopes RT Notes (TGM amended) RT Notes of evidence BT Marks Mulready envelopes RT Logos SN Early pictorial postage-prepaid envelopes Missal cards designed by William Mulready. Sometimes USE Religious cards Moral lesson cards plagiarised. Very rare. (Hist) SN Usually smaller than a postcard with rich UF Envelopes, Mulready Missing persons notices colour prints and a verse or scriptural text. UF Mulreadies SN Notices posted up with details of persons Often with elaborately decorative border. BT Pictorial envelopes believed to be missing who are sought by 2nd half of 19th century on. (Hist) BT Postal stationery relatives, police or other authorities. UF Cards, Moral lesson BT Notices BT Religious cards Music RT Child lost / found notices SN Music works on paper, represented by RT Lost and found notices Mortuary cards some graphic notation either manuscript or RT Wanted notices (Crime) USE In memoriam cards printed. NT Music manuscripts Mobiles MOT certificates NT Sheet music SN Delicately balanced constructions of SN UK certificates indicating that a vehicle has movable parts made to be suspended passed the annual test of automobile safety, Music hall posters in such a way that parts will be set in roadworthiness and exhaust emissions. SN Posters for Variety shows. motion by the movement of air. In the BT Certificates UF Posters, Vaudeville context of ephemera, often produced as RT Airworthiness certificates UF Variety show posters advertisements. (AAT amended) UF Vaudeville posters RT Mechanical works Mother’s day cards BT Performing arts posters RT Toys UF Cards, Mother’s day BT Greetings cards Music manuscripts Mock money SN Handwritten music. SN Imitation money not intended to deceive; Motion sickness bags BT Manuscripts used in games and in Chinese religious USE Sickness bags BT Music rituals. For forged money use Forgeries. For mock money containing advertising, index Motto cards Music sheet covers also under Promotional materials. SN Cards with a motto or saying, available USE Sheet music covers UF Advertising banknotes commercially. Also cards produced by UF Coin discs churches, printed with a year, and a Music sheets UF Coin stickers religious motto. (Hist) SN Sheets printed with stave lines, sometimes UF Fake money BT Cards with decorative elements. NT Advertising coins BT Sheets NT Board game money RT Writing blanks 42 | Music title pages

Music title pages Navy signal codes NT Clandestine newspapers USE Sheet music covers SN Books or sheets giving details of the NT Commemorative newspapers signalling codes, using flags or other means, NT Improvised newspapers Music, sheet of various national navies. NT Ships’ newspapers USE Sheet music BT Signal codes NT Strike newspapers NT Tear-outs Musical instrument makers’ labels NCR paper NT Tear sheets UF Labels, Musical instrument makers’ SN Impregnated paper always found in sets of RT Comics BT Trade labels two or more; when the top copy is written RT Cuttings or typed on a copy is produced on the RT Unstamped periodicals Muslim greetings cards underlying sheets. BT Greetings cards UF No carbon required paper Newspapers, Unstamped BT Impregnated papers USE Unstamped periodicals Myrioramas RT Carbon paper SN Printed panoramic views divided vertically Newssheets into strips and capable of rearrangement to Neck labels USE Newsletters give a very large number of different scenes. SN Labels intended to be applied to or slipped (Hist) over the necks of bottles and shaped No carbon required paper UF Chorioramas accordingly. USE NCR paper UF Polyoramas BT Bottle labels BT Metamorphic pictures RT Wine labels Notebooks RT Panoramas SN Books of blank pages, usually ruled, used Neck papers for taking notes, keeping simple accounts, SN Notices, commonly derogatory, worn round writing diaries, etc. (AAT amended) For the neck by alleged wrong-doers, often in notebooks specifically designated for school schools. (EE) (Hist) pupils use Exercise books. UF Papers, Neck BT Blankbooks BT Notices NT Exercise books N RT Dunces’ caps RT Diaries Needle packets Notelets SN Folded paper packets, in a variety of small SN Folded cards with a printed design or Name badges formats, sometimes with a slip of fabric illustration on the front, for writing a short pasted to the paper to hold the needles in informal letter. Usually sold in packs with SN Badges or stickers worn on the outermost place. envelopes. clothing as a means of displaying the BT Packets BT Stationery wearer’s name for others to view. Those RT Pin wrappers RT Writing paper intended for temporary ones may have the wearer’s name handwritten or printed. More Negotiable instruments Notepaper permanent name tags are usually made of SN Transferable, saleable and unconditional USE Writing paper lightweight metal or plastic. signed documents promising to pay a sum UF Name tags of money at a future date or on demand. Notes BT Badges BT Financial records SN Brief statements of a fact or experience, RT Name cards NT Bills of exchange written down for later consideration, as an RT Name labels NT Cheques aide memoire, or to inform someone else; Name cards NT Promissory notes also include short, informal letters, and RT Money summaries of books, meetings or lectures. SN Cards bearing an individual’s name, BT Correspondence provided at meetings, conferences, etc. New Year cards NT Post-it notes and placed in front of the individual to aid UF Cards, New Year NT Suicide notes identification. BT Greetings cards RT Memos UF Cards, Name RT Minutes RT Name badges News sheets USE Newsletters Notes of evidence Name labels SN Notes taken at a coroner’s inquest; may SN Cloth labels with the owner’s name woven Newsletters also include notes taken at judicial hearings, in or written on, and sewn or stuck into SN Brief documents that communicate enquiries, etc. garments for identification. news, often issued by societies, business UF Evidence, Notes of UF Name tapes organizations, or communities. BT Reports BT Labels UF Bulletins RT Minutes RT Name badges UF House organs UF News sheets Notices Name tags UF Newssheets SN Sheets produced and designed for display, USE Name badges RT Letters normally in a public place or within an Name tapes RT Magazines organisation, conveying information, RT Reports warning, regulations, etc. Mainly textual. USE Name labels BT Communications Newspapers NT Announcements Napkins, Paper SN Serials published at regular frequent NT Death notices USE Paper napkins intervals, such as daily or weekly, and NT Disclaimer notices containing news, editorials, features, NT Health and safety notices advertisements, and other items of current NT Lost and found notices interest. (AAT amended) NT Missing persons notices Packaging | 43

NT Neck papers Ordination cards NT Personal notices SN Notifications of the ordination of a NT Polite notices candidate requesting prayers for them; may NT Proclamations also be invitations to the ceremony, or cards NT Recruitment notices O wishing the candidate well on the occasion NT Reward notices of their ordination. NT Sale notices UF Cards, Ordination NT State-of-the-poll notices Oaths BT Religious cards NT Wanted notices (Crime) SN Solemnly sworn declarations made in the NT Wanted notices (Goods) presence of a duly authorised officer. Organ donor cards NT Warning notices RT Affidavits SN Cards carried by individuals signifying their RT Broadsides willingness to donate body organs in the RT Posters Optical novelties event of their sudden death. RT Rules and regulations SN Items that use moving images to create the BT Donor cards RT Signs (Notices) illusion of actual movement. RT Health records RT Stud notices UF Novelties, optical UF Optical toys Organisational charts Notices, Auction sale NT Flip books SN Charts, usually in tree form, that make clear USE Auction sale notices NT Phenakistoscope discs the hierarchy and lines of responsibility in a NT Thaumatropes business or organisation. Notices, Ferry rate NT Zoetrope discs BT Charts USE Ferry rate notices NT Zoetrope strips RT Metamorphic pictures Origami Notices, For sale RT Novelty works USE Folded paper works USE For sale notices Optical toys Ownership marks Notices, Tariff USE Optical novelties SN Marks identifying an item as the property USE Tariff notices of an individual, library, museum, archive, or Opticians’ test charts other institution. (AAT amended) Notices, Toll-rate USE Eye test charts BT Marks USE Toll rate notices RT Bookplates Order books Novelties, Advertising SN Books of detachable order forms, produced Oyster cards USE Advertising novelties by manufacturers for use by representatives SN Payment cards for use originally on services of firms and retailers. offered by London Transport. Novelties, optical BT Business stationery UF Cards, Oyster USE Optical novelties RT Order forms BT Prepaid cards RT Railway tickets Novelties, Paper Order forms RT Travel tickets USE Paper novelties SN Pre-formatted forms on which a consumer may indicate a required product or service Novelty visiting cards to a supplier. (AAT amended) May have been SN American visiting cards, more elaborate torn from an order book. than British cards; designs could include BT Business stationery unusual typefaces, borders, cropped BT Forms corners, textile trimmings or photographs. RT Order books (Hist) P BT Visiting cards Orders of proceedings NT Hidden name cards USE Programmes Packaging Novelty works Orders of service SN Materials for the packing or protective SN Works produced on unusual substrates, SN Cards or leaflets detailing the order of wrapping of products, displaying information e.g., cork, celluloid, wood, fabric; with proceedings, given to the congregation / or otherwise conveying a message about unusual attachments, such as feathers audience at weddings, funerals or other the product; usually designed to attract or buttons; with unusual shapes; or with services, whether religious or secular. attention. (AAT amended) other uncommon features. Examples UF Service cards NT Bands include leather postcards, postcards that UF Service sheets NT Boxes squeak, wooden bookmarks, and perfumed UF Service, Orders of NT Couriers’ packaging advertisements. (TGM amended) Index also NT Funeral service cards NT Matchbook covers under the names of individual types of item. NT Wedding service cards NT Packets UF Works, Novelty RT Forms of prayer NT Record covers RT Advertising novelties RT Hymn sheets NT Sachets RT Mechanical works RT Programmes NT Tobacco packaging RT Optical novelties NT Wallets RT Paper novelties Ordinance broadsides NT Wrappers SN Lists of local by-laws produced by newly RT Bags established townships in the American west RT Envelopes in the 1850s and 60s. (EE) (Hist) RT Food packaging labels BT Broadsides RT Labels Ordinances RT Parcel tape RT Product labels USE By-laws 44 | Packets

Packets Paper bags UF Hats, Paper SN Small, thin containers often of paper or card SN Bags in which retailers (or customers) BT Paper clothing and similar in form to envelopes or small put purchases. May have the name of NT Dunces’ caps boxes. the retailer, or other message. Often with NT Printers’ hats BT Packaging decoration. NT Service caps NT Cigarette packets BT Bags NT Needle packets NT Kite bags Paper lace NT Razor blade packets NT Winkle bags SN Hand- or more usually machine-produced NT Seed packets RT Provision papers pierced decoration often used for the RT Cartons RT Snuff papers borders of small cards. May also be RT Pockets embossed. RT Sachets Paper clothing UF Lace paper SN Garments made of disposable substances, BT Paperwork (Crafts) Page proofs e.g. paper or cellulose, for use in work RT Doilies SN Final proofs of a text reproduced by a environments, such as hospital gowns, RT Embossing printer for a customer’s approval. scrubs and coveralls. BT Proofs UF Clothing, Paper Paper lithophanes RT Specimen pages NT Paper hats SN Designs created by different thicknesses of paper as in watermarks. Often used in Pages, Album Paper cup sleeves security printing. USE Album pages SN Reusable sleeves, with or without a handle, UF Lithophanes, Paper to protect against hot liquids in paper cups. BT Designs Pages, Loose BT Table stationery RT Security devices USE Leaves RT Watermarks Paper cups Pages, Sample SN Throwaway drinking vessels. Index items Paper money USE Sample pages with advertising also under Promotional USE Money materials. Pages, Specimen UF Cups, Paper Paper napkins USE Specimen pages BT Table stationery SN Square pieces of paper of varying sizes, usually stored and distributed in folded Pages, Title Paper cuts form. When displaying advertising, index USE Title pages USE Cut-paper works also under Promotional materials. UF Napkins, Paper Paint charts Paper dioramas UF Serviettes, Paper SN Charts of paint colours produced by SN Miniature paper dioramas displaying partly BT Table stationery manufacturers to enable the customer to three-dimensional models and landscaping make a choice. to create historical or fictional scenes. Paper novelties UF Charts, Paint UF Dioramas, Paper SN Small manufactured or handmade paper BT Colour charts RT Panoramas articles that are decorative or amusing and BT Samples intended primarily for personal or household Paper dolls use. Pall bearers’ cards SN Dolls made from paper, issued on sheets UF Novelties, Paper SN Cards bearing plan of coffin to indicate to to be cut-out, and supplied with items of NT Cobwebs pall-bearers where they should stand. paper clothing that can be attached with NT Fish fortune papers UF Pallbearers’ cards paper flaps. NT Hold-to-light works BT Cards UF Dolls, paper RT Folded paper works BT Paper toys RT Mechanical works Pallbearers’ cards RT Novelty works USE Pall bearers’ cards Paper flags RT Puzzles SN Small hand-held flags to be waved at RT Rose souvenirs Pamphlets demonstrations, processions. SN Brief independent publications, with or UF Flags, Paper Paper plates without a self or other paper cover. Usually RT Banderoles SN Throwaway plates, plain or decorated, 16 pp or fewer. Often a brief treatise RT Banners usually coated and sometimes embossed. on a particular subject. For advertising RT Bunting UF Plates, Paper publications use Flyers, Circulars or RT Pennants BT Table stationery Brochures. RT Booklets Paper flowers Paper samples RT Leaflets SN Flowers, most often roses, made from SN Samples provided by paper manufacturers paper by folding and/or gluing. Frequently a to aid customer choice. May come as loose Panoramas handicraft item, but can also be purchased sheets, or in binders. SN Continuous displays, often rolled or folded, commercially. BT Samples of views or related themes. UF Flowers, paper BT Pictures BT Paperwork (Crafts) Paper soldiers RT Myrioramas SN Sheets of paper, cardboard or other material RT Paper dioramas Paper folding with preprinted outlines that can be cut and RT Procession diagrams USE Folded paper works folded to make soldiers. Made-up toys are included. Pantins Paper hats UF Soldiers, paper USE Jumping jacks SN Used for protection (e.g. when serving food) BT Paper toys or recreation; when displaying advertising, index also under Promotional materials. Pay packets | 45

Paper toys arts of drawing and painting on paper. (AAT Passenger cards SN Sheets of paper, cardboard or other material amended) USE Landing cards with preprinted outlines that can be cut UF Papyrography and folded to make toys. Made-up toys are NT Cut-paper works Passenger lists included. NT Folded paper works SN Lists of the passengers on a specific journey. UF Toys, Paper NT Paper flowers BT Lists BT Toys NT Paper lace RT Attendance records NT Jumping jacks NT Pinprick work RT Manifests NT Paper dolls NT Silhouettes NT Paper soldiers Passenger tickets RT Masks Papiers d’Arménie USE Travel tickets SN A deodorizing product made by coating Paper types paper with benzoin resin, the dried sap of Passes SN Gathering term. Types of paper styrax trees. Sold in packets, as individual SN Badges or cards allowing bearer access to manufactured for specific purposes other sheets or in the form of booklets. specific location or occasion, e.g.for press, than as substrates. BT Impregnated papers employees. NT Blotting paper UF Liberty cards NT Carbon paper Papyrography BT Permits NT Fly papers USE Paperwork (Crafts) NT Boarding cards NT Gift wraps NT Enclosure badges NT Impregnated papers Parcel post labels RT Communion cards NT Provision papers SN Labels indicating that an item is to go by NT Toilet paper parcel post. May have spaces designated for Passports NT Wrapping paper affixing stamps. SN Official documents issued usually by the UF Labels, Parcel post government of a country to one or more of Papercuts BT Postal labels its citizens, which may authorize them to USE Cut-paper works travel to foreign countries, and authenticate Parcel tape their identity, citizenship, right to protection Papers, Ballot SN Adhesive tape, some carrying while abroad, and right to re-enter their USE Ballot papers advertisements or messages. native country. NT Gift wrapping tape BT Permits Papers, Chop RT Packaging RT Forms USE Chop papers RT Identity cards Parish magazines RT Licences Papers, Dessert SN Magazines produced by churches for their RT Visas USE Doilies parishioners. UF Magazines, Parish Pattern sheets Papers, Distraint BT Institutional magazines SN Sheets drawn or printed with designs used USE Distraint papers as outlines or guides to make something. Parking fine tickets Examples include dress making, embroidery, Papers, Fly USE Penalty charge notices and carpentry patterns. USE Fly papers UF Patterns Parking permits BT Instructions Papers, Frost fair SN Documents issued to or paid for by BT Sheets USE Frost fair papers individuals to be displayed in their vehicles NT Crochet patterns permitting them to park in designated NT Dress patterns Papers, Impregnated places, e.g. the workplace, residential NT Embroidery patterns USE Impregnated papers streets or a disabled parking bay. NT Knitting patterns BT Permits NT Shoe patterns Papers, Neck NT Disabled parking permits RT Designs USE Neck papers RT Parking tickets RT Embroidery cards

Papers, Pin Parking tickets Patterns USE Pin wrappers SN Tickets bought, usually from a machine, USE Pattern sheets permitting parking for a limited period. For Papers, Powder notice of a parking infringement use Penalty Pawn tickets USE Powder papers charge notices. USE Pawnbrokers’ tickets BT Tickets Papers, Prescription RT Parking permits Pawnbrokers’ tickets USE Prescription envelopes RT Penalty charge notices SN Pawnbroker’s receipts issued for articles taken as security. Papers, Snuff Parliamentary envelopes UF Pawn tickets USE Snuff papers SN Pre-printed envelopes provided free for MPs BT Tickets to sign and use. Accepted only if posted at Papers, Watch the Palace of Westminster. (Hist) Pay advices USE Watchpapers BT Envelopes USE Payslips RT Free franks Paperwork (Crafts) Pay packets SN Decorative work made entirely or primarily Participants lists SN Envelopes containing wages, preprinted or of paper, e.g. decorative folding, stamping, SN Lists of people attending or taking part in a stamped with outline information. card making, stencilling, or decorative particular occasion, event or training. UF Envelopes, Wage punching or cutting, but excluding the fine BT Lists UF Wage envelopes BT Envelopes 46 | Pay slips

RT Employee records BT Driving offence notifications NT Passports RT Payslips RT Parking tickets NT Tickets of leave NT Visas Pay slips Penmen’s flourishes NT Work permits USE Payslips SN Elaborate line decorations, often pictorial, produced by calligraphers, originally Perpetual calendars Payment cards with quill pens, and later interpreted SN Displays of information, often involving SN Plastic cards that can be used instead of by engravers. May be used purely as mechanical devices, for calculating the day cash either via link with bank account (e.g. decoration or as a security device, e.g. on of the week corresponding to any given credit, debit, cash) or on which money can indentures. date over a period of many years in the be credited (e.g. prepaid cards, foreign UF Embellishments future. (AAT amended) currency, Oyster, telephone, gift). BT Marks BT Calendars UF Cards, Credit RT Calligrammes RT Mechanical works UF Cards, Debit RT Security devices UF Cards, Payment Personal notices UF Cash cards Pennants SN Use for notices put up by individuals rather UF Charge cards SN Small flags, usually triangular, originally than by an authority or organisation. UF Credit cards naval now mainly for sports events. BT Notices UF Debit cards BT Banners NT Public apologies UF Store cards BT Cloth RT Animal lost / found notices BT Machine-readable cards RT Banderoles NT Prepaid cards RT Bunting Personalised stationery RT Money RT Paper flags USE Writing paper

Payslips Penny dreadfuls Perspective view prints SN Individual pay statements provided to SN Cheap novels usually filled with violent SN Prints intended for viewing through an employees at the time of payments being adventure or crime and issued in optical system, such as a zograscope, that made. instalments. 19th to 20th centuries. (Hist) enhances the effect of perspective. Because UF Pay advices UF Dime novels the viewing device included a mirror, the UF Pay slips RT Farthing novelettes lettering and image are usually laterally BT Financial records RT Magazines reversed. (TGM) (Hist) RT Employee records UF Peep show prints RT Pay packets Perforations UF Peepshow prints SN Series of small holes, puncturing the paper, UF Prints, Peepshow Peal cards usually intended to allow the paper to be UF Vues d’optique SN Cards produced to record the successful torn easily along the line. Also used to BT Prints completion of a peal. They show the date, produce a mark as a form of ownership. nature and duration of the peal, and the BT Marks Petitions names of participants. SN Written requests to governments or BT Cards Performance licences other official bodies requesting a change, RT Keepsakes SN Historically in the UK, permission from the accompanied by a collection of signatures Lord Chamberlain to perform a particular of those supporting the request. Pedlar’s certificates play. Also a record of permission granted for RT Appeals USE Traders’ licences any kind of performance in a public place; RT Letters for children under 11 (in the UK) to perform; RT Round robins Pedlar’s licences to use firearms on the stage, etc. USE Traders’ licences BT Licences Pharmaceutical labels USE Medicine labels Peep show prints Performing arts posters USE Perspective view prints SN Posters intended for public display Phenakistiscope discs advertising performing arts events. For USE Phenakistoscope discs Peepshow prints single image posters intended for domestic USE Perspective view prints display, e.g. of rock bands, use Decorative Phenakistoscope discs posters. SN Rotatable discs bearing a series of separate Peepshows UF Entertainment posters but related pictures of motion. Viewed SN A series of receding scenic layers, mounted BT Posters successively through slits in a second on concertina-folded retaining strips of cloth NT Circus posters rotatable disc, which acts as a shutter or paper, between card covers. A spy-hole NT Concert posters between pictures, the individual images in the front cover allows the viewer to see a NT Dance posters blend and give the appearance of motion. deep perspective view when the layers are NT Film posters (EE) (Hist) fully extended. NT Music hall posters UF Phenakistiscope discs UF Books, Tunnel NT Theatre posters BT Optical novelties UF Teleoramas RT Zoetrope discs UF Tunnel books Periodicals UF Tunnel views USE Magazines Phone books USE Telephone directories Penalty charge notices Permits SN Printed indications from police or traffic SN Documents allowing the holder access Phone cards wardens that a fine has been incurred for to particular events or areas or to pursue USE Telephone cards a parking or bus lane infringement. Also, particular activities. in London, issued for failure to pay the BT Licences Phone directories Congestion Charge. NT Parking permits USE Telephone directories UF Parking fine tickets NT Passes Plant labels | 47

Photo frame cards BT Maps Pin buttons USE Frame cards RT Picture puzzles USE Badges

Photo insert cards Pictorial writing paper Pin papers USE Frame cards SN Use for personal stationery illustrated USE Pin wrappers commonly with views often from vignetted Photocopy cards steel engravings. For other forms of Pin wrappers SN Cards for operating photocopying machines. illustrated writing paper, use Decorative SN Folded paper wrappers for pins, bearing the They may be stored value cards that stationery. name of the supplier or manufacturer. (Hist) have been purchased, or cards given to UF Illustrated letter paper UF Papers, Pin authorised employees to enable them to BT Writing paper UF Pin papers use the photocopier. RT Decorative stationery BT Wrappers UF Cards, Photocopy RT Needle packets BT Prepaid cards Picture framers’ labels UF Labels, Picture framers’ Pinprick work Photograph albums BT Trade labels SN A fine multiple piercing of paper in SN Albums containing or specifically designed patterns for decorative effect, or for hidden to contain photographs. Picture lesson cards messages. Sometimes combined with BT Albums USE Flashcards cut-work. (EE) UF Work, Pinprick Photograph wallets Picture postcards BT Paperwork (Crafts) SN Specially designed envelopes (later with two USE Postcards pockets) used by photographic developers Placards and printers to supply prints and negatives Picture puzzles SN Signs or notices, usually of stiff paper or to retailer and/or customer. Usually carrying SN Puzzles based on pictures other than cardboard, usually carried in public, e.g. by photographers’ advertising. rebuses or jigsaw puzzles. Include those campaigners, picketers or demonstrators. UF Film wallets where an image is artfully concealed inside (AAT amended) BT Wallets a larger one. RT Banners BT Puzzles RT Posters Photographs RT Jigsaw puzzles RT Protest posters SN Pictures formed by means of the chemical RT Pictorial maps action of light or other radiation on sensitive Place cards film. Items bearing a photograph which is Pictures SN Small cards bearing the name of an attached to another item, e.g. a postcard or SN Gathering term. Use a more specific term if individual diner, placed on the table to a greetings card, should be indexed under possible. indicate where they should sit. both terms. This thesaurus is not suitable NT Bird’s eye views BT Cards for specialist or extensive photographic NT Calligrammes BT Table stationery collections. NT Caricatures BT Pictures NT Cartoons Place mats NT Aerial photographs NT Colouring sheets SN Paper mats for individual place settings NT Cabinet photographs NT Emblems (Allegorical pictures) provided by restaurants and cafes. When NT Cartes-de-visite NT Metamorphic pictures these display advertising, index also under NT Film stills NT Micrographical portraits Promotional materials. NT Polyphotos NT Panoramas BT Mats NT Production stills NT Photographs BT Table stationery RT Postcards NT Prints RT Doilies RT Stereographs NT Stereographs NT Storyboards Plans (Diagrams) Pictorial alphabets RT Artwork, Original SN Two dimensional delineations of the layout SN Alphabets, that may be in sheet or book RT Comics or arrangement of things. form, in sets of cards or on wallcharts, RT Designs NT Cemetery plans providing an illustration for each letter. RT Rubbings NT Deck plans Usually a learning aid for children, but may NT Floor plans also be artistic fancies. Pilgrimage cards NT Railway carriage diagrams UF Alphabet books SN Devotional cards acquired on a pilgrimage NT Seating plans BT Alphabets as evidence of participation; also greetings NT Site plans RT ABC primers cards proffering good wishes to an NT Train diagrams RT Learning aids intending pilgrim. RT Designs RT Type specimen sheets UF Cards, Pilgrimage RT Diagrams BT Religious cards RT Guides Pictorial envelopes RT Souvenirs RT Maps SN Popular in 19th century. The subject matter of the illustrations varies widely. Pillbox labels Plans, Circuit UF Illustrated envelopes USE Medicine labels USE Circuit plans BT Envelopes NT Mulready envelopes Pilots’ licences Plans, Town NT Propaganda envelopes SN Licences indicating that the holder has USE Street maps qualified to fly one or more types of aircraft, Pictorial maps or certain ships. Plant labels SN Maps with pictorial features. They may be BT Licences SN May come in a variety of forms and satirical, educational, political; maps and RT Drivers’ licences materials, preprinted, or for individual pictures may be fused as in a puzzle. RT Master mariners’ certificates gardeners to inscribe. BT Labels 48 | Plant pot covers

Plant pot covers NT Shelf strips BT Prints SN Decorative paper or plastic covers to gift NT Standees NT Épinal prints wrap plant pots. NT Window bills NT Religious prints UF Cache pots RT Counter display boxes RT Ballads UF Covers, Plant pot RT Showcards RT Broadsides UF Flower pot covers RT Strutted cards RT Posters RT Gift wraps RT Satirical prints Points cards RT Song sheets Plastic bags USE Loyalty cards SN Pre-printed bags usually displaying Portraits, Micrographical advertising, but sometimes decorations. Poisson d’avril cards USE Micrographical portraits BT Bags SN French greeting cards for 1st April. UF Cards, Poisson d’avril Post Plates, Paper BT Greetings cards USE Mail USE Paper plates Pokémon cards Post-it notes Playbills SN Cards forming part of the trading card game SN Small, usually coloured and originally yellow, SN Use for items produced up to mid-19th developed from the video game Pokémon. self-adhesive pieces of paper produced century advertising plays, usually Widely collected in the late 20th century. in blocks, that can be attached to and announcing the cast. (Hist) Use Theatre UF Cards, Pokémon easily removed from other pieces of paper; posters for items intended for public BT Collecting cards intended for brief notes to self or others. display, sometimes multi-sheet, and Theatre RT Card games May come with preprinted words or images, programmes for items intended to be given or in different shapes. or sold to patrons. Polite notices BT Notes UF Bills (Posters) SN Unofficial notices, in imitation of police RT Memos RT Cast lists notices, usually starting ‘Please’. Often RT Theatre posters requests not to park. Post cards RT Theatre programmes BT Notices USE Postcards

Playing cards Political posters Post horse tickets SN Cards issued in sets of a specific number of SN Use for ‘political’ in a broad sense to SN Tickets relating to the payment of post cards. Used in playing one or more games or include posters issued by government horse duty; include mileage tickets, day telling fortunes. (TGM amended) Use Board and political parties, also campaigning and tickets, exchange tickets. (Hist) game cards for cards produced for use in protest groups. Use a narrower term when UF Excise tickets board games. appropriate. UF Horse-hire tickets BT Cards BT Posters BT Tickets BT Games NT Campaign posters NT Exchange tickets NT Magicians’ cards NT Election posters RT Tax stamps RT Board game cards NT Propaganda posters RT Fortune telling cards NT Protest posters Postage stamps RT State-of-the-poll notices SN Small, usually adhesive and perforated Pledge cards RT Wartime posters labels issued by a government and sold SN Cards or certificates bearing a signatory’s in various denominations to be affixed to pledge usually, but not exclusively, Poll lists items of mail as evidence of the payment to abstain from alcohol. May also be SN Lists of people who voted in elections of postage. Also used on receipts, under a membership certificates of temperance revealing how they voted. 17th to 19th signature. societies. For certificates awarded to those centuries. (Hist) BT Stamps who have fulfilled pledges, use Award BT Lists NT Airmail stamps certificates. RT Electoral lists NT Special issue stamps UF Pledge certificates RT State-of-the-poll notices RT College stamps UF Temperance cards RT Mail BT Cards Polling cards RT Postal covers RT Award certificates USE Ballot papers RT Postal strike covers RT Railway stamps Pledge certificates Polyoramas USE Pledge cards USE Myrioramas Postal cachets SN Printed or handstamped designs or Pockets Polyphotos messages on an envelope denoting some SN Flat rectangular containers open on one or SN Multiple portraits taken and printed as a special feature of the postal cover. Cachets two sides. contact sheet for the sitter to choose the appear on modern first-day covers, first- NT Cutlery pockets best one for enlarging as a portrait. flight covers and special event covers. NT Vide poches BT Photographs UF Cachets, postal RT Envelopes BT Marks RT Packets Popular prints BT Postal covers RT Wallets SN Prints, largely pictorial but sometimes with RT Crash covers text, produced in large numbers without RT First day covers Point-of-sale advertising any pretensions to being works of art. Early RT First flight covers SN Use for advertising material intended for examples are usually woodcuts, increasingly RT Free franks display in retail outlets, e.g. on counters, in in the 19th century lithographs. They may be RT Mail windows. Use a narrower term if possible. broadly educational or religious in content; RT Postal labels BT Advertisements or, in the case of Currier and Ives prints, RT Wreck covers NT Display cards scenes of everyday life. NT Lobby cards UF Imagerie populaire Prayers | 49

Postal cards BT Mail UF Stamps, Poster SN Postcards with pre-paid postage. BT Stationery BT Cinderella stamps UF Cards, Postal NT AQ lettersheets RT Advertising stamps BT Postal stationery NT Letter cards RT Stickers BT Postcards NT Mulready envelopes NT Postal cards Posterprints Postal covers NT Postal lettersheets USE Decorative posters SN Outer wrappings or containers in which RT Postal wrappers correspondence or packages have been Posters posted, usually envelopes. Sometimes Postal strike covers SN Single or multiple sheet advertisements to produced to mark an event with specific SN Postal covers delivered during postal strikes promote events, activities, causes, goods or stamps or designs, making them collectable. by private organisations, bearing either services, for display usually in a public place; (EE) substitute stamps or labels, manuscript from the mid-19th century increasingly UF Covers, Postal annotations or handstamps. pictorial. Intended to make an immediate BT Mail UF Labels, Postal strike impression from a distance. For posters NT Commemorative postal covers UF Strike covers consisting of a single image for personal / NT Crash covers BT Postal covers domestic display, such as pop stars, views, NT First day covers RT Postage stamps photographs, use Decorative posters. NT First flight covers RT Postal labels UF Bills (Posters) NT Postal cachets NT Book and magazine posters NT Postal strike covers Postal wrappers NT Decorative posters NT Wreck covers SN Printed wrappers, prepaid or otherwise, for NT Exhibition posters RT Airmail envelopes posting newspapers, magazines, etc. NT Performing arts posters RT Envelopes BT Wrappers NT Political posters RT Postage stamps RT Postal stationery NT Product posters NT Sports posters Postal labels Postcard albums NT Stock posters SN Official labels of information or instruction BT Albums NT Travel and transport posters affixed to postal items in addition to NT Wartime posters postage stamps, e.g. By airmail. Excludes Postcard books RT Advertisements propaganda, advertising, commemorative SN Books made up of detachable postcards RT Broadsides and other non-official and postally irrelevant usually, on a theme. RT Notices labels. BT Books RT Placards UF Etiquettes NT Postcards RT Popular prints BT Labels RT Viewbooks RT Poster slips NT Airmail labels RT Proclamations NT Censors’ labels Postcards NT Customs declarations SN Cards on which a message may be Posters, Circus NT Express labels handwritten or printed for mailing without USE Circus posters NT Parcel post labels an envelope; usually pictorial on one side. RT Postal cachets (TGM amended) For advertising postcards Posters, Dance RT Postal strike covers index also under Advertisements. USE Dance posters UF Picture postcards Postal lettersheets UF Post cards Posters, Film SN Sheets of paper with prepaid postage that BT Cards USE Film posters can be folded, usually sealed and mailed BT Correspondence without the use of an envelope. BT Postcard books Posters, Theatre BT Postal stationery NT Field service postcards USE Theatre posters RT Writing paper NT Ham radio cards NT Postal cards Posters, Vaudeville Postal money orders NT Propaganda postcards USE Music hall posters USE Postal orders RT Concertina cards RT Embroidered cards Powder papers Postal notes RT Photographs SN Small sheets of paper impregnated with USE Postal orders RT View cards face powder, which can be easily carried in RT Viewbooks a handbag and used discreetly without the Postal orders use of a mirror. SN A type of promissory note, similar to a Poster slips UF Papers, Powder cheque but used specifically for sending SN Strips of paper, usually printed, for BT Impregnated papers money through the mail. pasting as addenda across posters or UF Money orders announcements, e.g. Cancelled, Tonight. (EE) Powers of attorney UF Postal money orders UF Slips, Poster SN Written authorisations to represent or UF Postal notes RT Posters act on another’s behalf in private affairs, BT Promissory notes RT Stock posters business, or other legal matters. RT Bankers’ drafts BT Legal documents RT Bills of exchange Poster stamps RT Cheques SN Promotional stickers on correspondence Prayer cards RT Money with a reproduction in miniature of a poster, USE Religious cards or designed in the poster idiom. Used Postal stationery extensively at the turn of the 19th and 20th Prayers SN Cards, envelopes, aerogrammes and other centuries to publicise current events and SN Addresses made to a deity. stationery, printed with a postage mark celebrate historic anniversaries. NT Forms of prayer indicating prepayment. UF Stamp posters 50 | Preaching plans

Preaching plans Pressbooks Private view cards USE Circuit plans SN Manuals to instruct cinema owners how to SN Invitations sent out by artists or galleries conduct advertising campaigns promoting inviting the recipient to attend the private Premium plates particular films. (TGM amended) view of an exhibition. They serve also as USE Prize labels BT Books advertisements for the exhibition. BT Invitations Premiums Price lists USE Give-aways SN Statements, often presented as lists, of the Prize cards current prices of services and merchandise. SN Cards or certificates awarded to prize Prenuptial agreements BT Lists winners at agricultural, horticultural or other SN Agreements drawn up by couples intending NT Tariff cards shows or exhibitions. to marry, setting out how property is to NT Tariff notices UF Stock show cards be divided in the event of a separation or RT Catalogues BT Cards divorce. They are legally binding in some RT Menus RT Certificates countries. RT Trade lists RT Prize rosettes BT Agreements Price tags Prize draw tickets Prepaid cards SN Tag labels to be hung on items to indicate USE Raffle tickets SN Payment cards loaded with a specific their price. If the labels contain much more amount of money, which are therefore information than the price consider using Prize labels independent of a bank account. Product labels. SN Book labels indicating that a book was UF Stored value cards BT Tags (Labels) presented as a prize. BT Payment cards UF Labels, Prize NT Currency cards Printed handkerchiefs UF Premium plates NT Gift cards USE Handkerchiefs BT Book labels NT Oyster cards RT Bookplates NT Photocopy cards Printers’ hats NT Telephone cards SN Traditional, box-shaped, folded paper hats, Prize rosettes formerly worn by printers. (Wikipedia) (Hist) SN Rosettes awarded as prizes at horticultural, Prescription envelopes BT Paper hats agricultural, equestrian or baby shows. SN Papers or envelopes in which medical BT Rosettes prescriptions were given to the customers Printers’ labels RT Prize cards of pharmacies. (Hist) USE Booksellers’ labels UF Medical prescription envelopes Procession diagrams UF Papers, Prescription Printouts SN Produced to show the sequence of those UF Prescription papers SN Any items originating from fax machines, processing at coronations, funerals, jubilees, BT Envelopes teleprinters, computer printers, etc. peace and victory celebrations. May RT Prescriptions NT Faxes take a variety of forms: booklets, folded broadsheets, scrolls; often long and thin, Prescription papers Prints sometimes with a key. Frequently produced USE Prescription envelopes SN Gathering term; do not use for indexing. For as keepsakes. art prints (not regarded as ephemera) use UF Procession keepsakes Prescriptions terms from relevant subject thesauruses. BT Programmes SN Handwritten or printed instructions for the Otherwise use narrower terms. RT Keepsakes composition and use of a medicine. BT Pictures RT Panoramas RT Medicine labels NT Commemorative prints RT Prescription envelopes NT Perspective view prints Procession keepsakes NT Popular prints USE Procession diagrams Presentation albums NT Satirical prints USE Presentation books NT Tinsel prints Proclamations RT Decorative posters SN Formal expressions of the will of a central Presentation books authority, publicly announced or posted up SN Unique volumes specially compiled for Prints, Épinal in public places, usually citing the authority. presentation to a person to celebrate his or USE Épinal prints Often associated with a message delivered her life, work, retirement, etc. by a town crier. UF Presentation albums Prints, Peepshow BT Notices BT Books USE Perspective view prints RT Broadsides RT Ceremonial addresses RT Posters Prints, Religious Press cuttings USE Religious prints Product labels USE Cuttings SN Labels attached directly to the product, Prisoners’ letters e.g. broom labels, or more frequently to its Press releases SN Letters or messages from prisoners, packaging. Index also under the name of the SN Written communications directed at sometimes on official forms provided by the product. members of the news media for the gaol. Include letters from prisoners of war. UF Commodity labels purpose of announcing something. BT Letters UF Manufacturers’ labels BT Communications BT Labels RT Announcements Prisoners’ lists NT Bottle labels SN Lists of the prisoners held in a particular NT Can labels institution. NT Cigar bands BT Lists NT Cigar box labels RT Calendars of assizes NT Crate labels NT Fabric labels Pull-matches | 51

NT Food labels BT Advertisements UF Vice cards NT Fruit labels NT Beermats BT Advertising cards NT Garment labels NT Blotters NT Gramophone record labels NT Dart flights Protective coverings NT Insert cards RT Advertising novelties SN Use for items that are not packaging. If NT Matchbox labels RT Exercise book covers they contain advertising, index also under NT Quality assurance labels RT Give-aways Promotional materials. NT Ream labels UF Coverings, protective NT Shaker labels Proofs NT Book jackets RT Packaging SN Trial printings for checking; may be marked NT Exercise book covers RT Trade labels or unmarked. NT Head rest covers NT Galley proofs NT Mats Product posters NT Page proofs NT Toilet seat covers SN Posters advertising products for sale. RT Books NT Watchpapers BT Posters RT Specimen pages Protège cahiers Production stills Propaganda envelopes USE Exercise book covers SN Photographs of theatre productions usually SN Illustrated envelopes bearing propaganda for display in the theatre foyer. images and/or text, promoting a cause Protest magazines BT Photographs or making a protest; e.g. anti-slavery, SN Magazines produced by and/or for RT Film stills temperance, gay rights, ban the bomb. groups such as anarchists, hippies RT Lobby cards UF Envelopes, Propaganda and marginalised groups. They have a BT Pictorial envelopes specific target audience, one that is not Proficiency certificates RT Propaganda posters controlled by the dominant culture. Can SN Certificates attesting to the attainment of also refer to magazines that put forward levels of skill or proficiency as distinct from Propaganda postcards alternative views within particular fields, e.g. academic qualifications; e.g.lifesaving, SN Postcards produced, mainly in wartime, architecture, education. cycling, health and safety. with propaganda messages. Sometimes BT Magazines BT Certificates they promoted other causes, e.g. the RT Clandestine magazines RT Diplomas anti-absinthe campaign in France. RT Zines BT Postcards Programmes RT Propaganda posters Protest posters SN Outlines of the order to be followed, of SN Posters expressing criticism, negative features to be presented, and of persons Propaganda posters social commentary or dissent; sometimes participating in a public event, performance, SN Posters produced by the state or by issued as propaganda or in support of a or entertainment. campaigning groups, to spread ideas or revolutionary movement. (TGM amended) UF Orders of proceedings information, often biased or untrue, with the UF Revolutionary posters UF Programs purpose of influencing public opinion to gain BT Political posters NT Cinema programmes support for a cause or to discourage support RT Campaign posters NT Concert programmes for another. For wartime propaganda RT Placards NT Dance programmes posters use Wartime posters. NT Festival programmes BT Political posters Provision papers NT Procession diagrams RT Campaign posters SN Single sheets of wrapping paper, sometimes NT Theatre programmes RT Clandestine magazines greaseproof, intended for the wrapping of RT Calendars of events RT Clandestine newspapers butter, cheese, bacon, etc.; often printed RT Cast lists RT Propaganda envelopes with retailer’s details. Occasionally used for RT Libretti RT Propaganda postcards pharmaceutical supplies. RT Orders of service RT Wartime posters UF Grocery papers BT Food wrappers Programmes of events Propaganda, Aerial BT Paper types USE Calendars of events USE Aerial propaganda RT Paper bags RT Wrapping paper Programs Property deeds USE Programmes USE Title deeds Public apologies SN Printed handbills or notices apologising for Promissory notes Prospectuses some offence committed; accepted as a SN Documents, signed and sometimes dated, SN Descriptions or accounts of the chief form of restitution. (Hist) containing an unconditional promise by the features of a forthcoming work or BT Personal notices maker to pay a definite sum of money to a enterprise. payee on demand or at a specified future BT Brochures Public service accounts date. NT Book prospectuses SN Accounts of public service bodies, e.g. BT Negotiable instruments NT Company prospectuses schools, hospitals, colleges, charities and NT Banknotes NT Educational prospectuses other non-profit organisations. NT Postal orders BT Accounts RT Bankers’ drafts Prostitutes’ cards RT Bills of exchange SN Prostitutes’ advertising cards. From c. Publicity stills RT Money 1984 mostly placed in UK telephone boxes. USE Film stills http://www.stbride.org/friends/conference/ Promotional materials twentiethcenturygraphiccommunication/ Pull-matches SN Use as an additional indexing term for items ViceCards.html SN A type of matchbook cover that leads to a having normal everyday use, e.g. mats, UF Cards, Prostitutes’ match igniting when pulled from it. (Hist) hats, napkins, calendars, that have printed UF Cards, Vice BT Matchbook covers advertising on them. 52 | Punctuality cards

Punctuality cards Quiz sheets Railway carriage panels SN Wall cards or sheets of paper, sometimes SN Sheets containing a series of questions; SN Panels displayed in railway carriages. Mainly decorated, propounding the virtues of mainly for entertainment, but also used as views but can be maps, photographs, punctuality. 1830s to 1860s. (Hist) fund-raisers, with a deadline for answers reproductions, advertising, poems. From late UF Cards, Punctuality and a prize. 19th century. BT Wall cards BT Sheets RT Railway carriage labels RT Activity sheets RT Showcards Punishment cards RT Puzzles RT Travel and transport posters USE Detention cards RT Questionnaires Railway journey guides Puzzles Quotations SN In 19th century, pictorial guides to specific SN Games, toys or problems designed to test USE Estimates routes in booklet or concertina form. In later ingenuity or knowledge. 20th /21st centuries may be printed lists of BT Games the stops on a journey, scheduled times and NT Jigsaw puzzles available connections. NT Picture puzzles UF Guides, Railway journey NT Rebuses UF Railway travelling charts RT Children’s games BT Guides RT Paper novelties RT Directions RT Quiz sheets R RT Itineraries RT Strip maps RT Tourist maps Radio licences Railway menus SN Permission to use a wireless; required for USE Travel menus UK radio owners from 1920s to 1971. Also licences required by radio stations wishing Railway stamps to broadcast. SN Stamps used to pay the cost of conveyance Q UF Wireless licences of parcels or letters by rail. (Hist) BT Licences UF Stamps, Railway QSL cards Raffle tickets BT Cinderella stamps RT Postage stamps USE Ham radio cards SN Numbered tickets sold usually to raise funds for charities, each ticket having the chance Railway tickets Quality assurance certificates of winning a prize. Sometimes simple UF Tickets, Railway SN Certificates for public display, usually numbered tickets in pairs, one retained UF Train tickets in retailers, restaurants or workshops, by purchaser, the other put into the draw. BT Travel tickets certifying that the business in question has Often not identifiable uto of context. NT Edmondsons passed relevant inspections, usually relating UF Prize draw tickets RT Oyster cards to health and safety or hygiene. BT Tickets BT Certificates RT Betting tickets Railway timetables RT Health and safety notices RT Cloakroom tickets SN Use for examples intended for wall display, RT Quality assurance labels RT Lottery tickets in pocket and a variety of other formats. RT Sweepstake tickets Quality assurance labels BT Travel timetables NT Bradshaws SN Labels to be attached to a product Rail cards indicating any of a number of stages in SN Cards available for purchase by specific Railway travelling charts the quality assurance process; e.g. passed categories of people giving them discounts USE Railway journey guides labels, return to stock labels, reject labels, on rail travel for a limited period of time. visually inspected labels, failed labels. UF Cards, Rail Ration books BT Product labels BT Travel cards SN Sets of ration coupons issued to individuals. NT Union labels RT Travel tickets The coupons were either removed or signed RT Guarantees when the ration (mostly food or clothes) RT Quality assurance certificates Railway carriage diagrams was purchased. (Hist) SN Diagrams showing the internal layout of BT Books Questionnaires railway carriages. RT Ration coupons SN Forms containing sets of questions and BT Plans (Diagrams) other prompts for the purpose of gathering RT Seating plans Ration coupons information from respondents. RT Train diagrams SN Stamp-like coupons, often contained in a BT Forms book, entitling an individual to a share of RT Evaluation forms Railway carriage labels rationed food or other goods. (Hist) RT Quiz sheets SN Labels mostly affixed to windows giving BT Coupons a train’s destination and route; include RT Ration books Queue tickets compartment labels and other interior SN Numbered tickets provided in sequence labels. Razor-blade wrappers from a machine in shops, post offices, etc., UF Carriage window labels SN Small paper wrappers for individual razor to ensure that customers are dealt with in UF Route cards blades, bearing a wide range of designs. order of arrival. Often not identifiable out of UF Route labels BT Wrappers context. BT Labels BT Tickets RT Railway carriage panels Razor blade packets RT Serial numbers RT Wagon labels SN Packets of razor blades, each individually wrapped. BT Packets Religious prints | 53

Re-use labels Record album covers Recruitment notices USE Economy labels USE Record covers SN Use for notices, posters or leaflets offering employment, or seeking volunteers. For Readers’ cards Record cards wartime recruitment posters use War USE Borrowers’ cards SN Cards, usually preprinted, for the purpose posters. of systematically recording information on UF Recruitment posters Reading aids payments, progress or changes in health, BT Notices USE Learning aids education, wildlife surveys, etc. RT Wartime posters BT Forms Reading lists NT Burial club cards Recruitment posters SN Lists of recommended books either for NT Clock cards USE Recruitment notices academic courses or for recreational NT Game record cards reading. RT Reports References BT Lists RT Score cards SN Letters or forms, sent privately at the RT Servicing records request of a potential employer, providing Ream labels RT Weight cards information testifying to the suitability of a SN Labels for reams of paper bearing a candidate. Until mid-20th century usually manufacturer’s mark; may include part of Record covers manuscript. the ream wrapper. SN Containers for vinyl sound recordings, UF Character references UF Labels, Ream printed with lettering and/or graphic BT Letters UF Ream wrappers designs. For later sound recordings, e.g. RT Testimonials BT Product labels cassettes and CDs use Inset cards. UF Album covers Registers Ream wrappers UF Covers, Album USE Attendance records USE Ream labels UF Covers, Record UF Gramophone record covers Regulations Rebuses UF Record album covers USE Rules and regulations SN Representations of words or syllables by UF Record jackets pictures of objects or by symbols whose UF Record sleeves Release warrants names resemble the intended words or UF Record slip cases SN Documents giving authority to release syllables in sound. (AAT) UF Sleeves, record particular prisoners; may be civil or military. UF Hieroglyphic letters BT Packaging BT Warrants UF Hieroglyphic puzzles RT Gramophone record labels UF Letters, Hieroglyphic RT Insert cards Reliefs BT Puzzles USE Scraps Record jackets Receipted invoices USE Record covers Religious calendars SN Invoices overwritten or stamped Paid, and SN Calendars featuring religious festivals, sent as receipt of payment. From 1891 to Record royalty labels saints’ days, etc. 1964 stamp duty was payable in the form of USE Copyright royalty stamps BT Calendars postage stamps affixed to the invoice and RT Almanacs signed. Record sleeves BT Invoices USE Record covers Religious cards RT Receipts SN Small cards, usually with a religious image, Record slip cases and/or prayer, or with a scriptural or moral Receipts USE Record covers text, often found as markers in bibles or SN Handwritten or printed acknowledgements prayer books. For larger religious images of payment made for goods or services. In Record tokens use Religious prints. the past this term was sometimes used for SN Gift vouchers restricted to the purchase of UF Missal cards recipes. sound recordings. UF Prayer cards BT Business stationery UF Tokens, Record UF Scripture cards RT Receipted invoices BT Gift vouchers BT Cards RT Tickets NT Bible cards Records (Documents) NT Devotional cards Recipes SN Information created, received, and NT First communion cards SN Instructions, including ingredients and maintained by an agency, institution, NT Mass cards procedures, for the creation of a culinary organization, or individual in pursuance of NT Moral lesson cards dish, drink, medicine, etc. In the past its legal obligations or in the transaction NT Ordination cards sometimes called receipts. of business, regardless of medium. (AAT NT Pilgrimage cards BT Instructions amended) NT Sunday school cards NT Attendance records RT Altar cards Recommendation forms NT Bills of mortality RT Religious prints SN Printed documents, e.g. tickets, letters NT Constitutions RT Religious texts or cards, commonly issued to governors NT Employee records and supporters of hospitals, infirmaries NT Financial records Religious prints and dispensaries, to be issued to indigent NT Health records SN Prints depicting scenes from religious texts patients as a means of controlling NT Minutes or images of the religious life. acceptances for treatment. UK 18th century NT Reports UF Prints, Religious up to 1930s. (Hist) NT Resolutions BT Popular prints BT Forms NT Servicing records RT Religious cards RT Charity election cards NT Vehicle registration documents RT Charity tickets 54 | Religious texts

Religious texts Rewards cards of awards in competitions especially by SN Use for religious or moral texts intended for USE Loyalty cards prize-winning animals. Also sometimes wall display. provided as souvenirs of royal occasions. UF Scriptural texts Rewards of merit NT Cockades RT Religious cards SN Small cards produced in a variety of formats NT Prize rosettes RT Wall cards and presented to children as a reward for RT Badges good attendance or behaviour; often with RT Ribbons Reminder lists the name of the specific pupil and signed by SN Lists (may be preprinted or handwritten) the teacher. Rosters of items or activities, as aide-memoires. UF Awards of merit USE Duty rotas For formal job-related reminder lists use BT Certificates Checklists. RT Award certificates Rotas, Duty UF To do lists RT Bible cards USE Duty rotas BT Lists RT Sunday school cards NT Shopping lists Round robins RT Memos Ribbon badges SN Letters signed by a group of people, RT Reminders USE Badges so called because the signatures were originally arranged in a circle to conceal the Reminders Ribbon maps identity of the originators. SN Letters or leaflets reminding people of USE Strip maps BT Letters approaching or expired deadlines for RT Christmas round robins payments, offers, decisions to be made, etc. Ribbons RT Circular letters RT Reminder lists SN Long, thin, flat, flexible strips of material RT Petitions used as decoration, and tokens of Rental agreements celebration. Printed ribbons appear from the Route cards USE Tenancy contracts early 19th century, some carrying various USE Railway carriage labels types of legend including advertising. Reports BT Cloth Route labels SN Official or formal records of investigations, NT Fitas USE Railway carriage labels enquiries, events, or of the progress of an NT Lapel ribbons individual or organisation. NT Vivat ribbons Route maps BT Records (Documents) RT Bookmarks USE Directional maps NT Annual reports RT Gift wrapping tape USE Transport maps NT Examiners’ reports RT Rosettes NT Notes of evidence RT Sashes Royalty labels NT School reports RT Silks USE Copyright royalty stamps NT School returns RT Financial statements River boat guides Rubbings RT Newsletters SN Guides to what may be seen during a river SN Impressions made by rubbing heel ball, RT Record cards trip or cruise. graphite, or a similar substance across BT Guides a sheet of paper placed on a surface, Resolutions RT Tourist maps portions of which are recessed or in relief. SN Formal and approved expressions of Usually of coins, medals, church brasses or opinion, will, or intent by official bodies or Road maps inscriptions. assembled groups. (TGM) SN Maps intended for drivers showing the RT Pictures BT Records (Documents) classification and numberings of roads, and sometimes distances. Rules Retail show cards BT Maps USE Rules and regulations USE Showcards RT Cycle maps Rules and regulations Retail showcards Rock posters SN Use for sets of rules prescribed by an USE Showcards SN Posters of rock stars or bands. For posters organisation, business, society, household, advertising pop concerts use Concert etc. Sometimes for hanging or posting on Retailers’ catalogues posters. walls, but may be in any format. USE Trade catalogues BT Decorative posters UF Regulations UF Rules Revenue stamps Room service menus NT Household regulations USE Tax stamps BT Menus RT By-laws RT Constitutions Revolutionary posters Rose souvenirs RT Laws USE Protest posters SN Souvenirs, usually die-cut and rose-shaped, RT Notices which unfold to display an image on each Reward certificates petal; images may be views, humorous, USE Award certificates valentines. (Hist) BT Souvenirs Reward notices RT Flap images SN Notices offering rewards for information RT Paper novelties about lost/stolen goods, criminals, etc.; or to those who apprehend criminals. Rosettes BT Notices SN Rose-shaped ornaments usually made of RT Lost and found notices ribbon, with a cardboard centre bearing a RT Wanted notices (Crime) text or symbol. They are worn especially as supporters’ badges or as awards or symbols Scorecards | 55

BT Books Schedules BT Samples USE Timetables RT Catalogues Scholars’ letters S USE Writing blanks Sample pages SN Pages from forthcoming books used by publishers as advance publicity; may be School accounts Sachets accompanied by publication details or BT Accounts SN Small sealed containers for products such invitations to subscribe. as lavender, shampoo, moth-repellent, UF Pages, Sample School attendance records sauce. BT Book prospectuses SN Records of pupil attendance kept in various BT Packaging RT Samples formats, formal or informal, until printed NT Food sachets RT Specimen pages registers became compulsory in the UK NT Teabag sachets from 1870. RT Bags Samples BT Attendance records RT Packets SN Books, sheets or packages containing RT School returns samples of designs or materials that can be Safety check labels purchased from particular manufacturers School bills SN Labels for affixing to pieces of equipment or printers; examples include single USE Educational invoices to indicate that they have passed safety sheets made to exhibit the type of work checks; may be self-adhesive or tag. a commercial printer produces, and small School lists BT Labels packages of advertising samples. (TGM) SN Lists of pupils in attendance at a particular RT Servicing records NT Fabric samples school. NT Ink charts UF Lists, School Sailing cards NT Paint charts BT Membership lists USE Sailing notices NT Paper samples NT Sample books School magazines Sailing notices NT Type specimen sheets BT Institutional magazines SN Notices of freight or passenger sailings, NT Wallpaper samples regardless of format, e.g. advertising cards, RT Catalogues School menus posters, leaflets. RT Sample pages BT Institutional menus UF Cards, Sailing UF Sailing cards Sashes School pieces UF Ship cards SN Shoulder-to-hip printed sashes for charity USE Writing blanks NT Clipper ship cards fundraising collectors, shop assistants RT Advertising cards advertising in-store product promotions, School reports RT Trade cards political parties during elections, and SN Reports, usually termly, given by schools to RT Travel timetables hostesses at exhibitions and sporting and parents on the progress of their children. entertainment events. Also worn by winners BT Reports Sale notices of beauty competitions. SN Use for general sales notices, e.g. closing BT Cloth School returns sale, car boot sale, end-of-season sale. For RT Ribbons SN Reports on schools, required by authority, notices advertising sales of specific items giving general or detailed information on use For sale notices. Satirical prints school facilities in a given region. (Hist) BT Notices SN Individual prints, sometimes in series, BT Reports NT Auction sale notices passing comment on or lampooning current RT School attendance records NT For sale notices affairs and personalities, often political. UF Lampoons School timetables Sales tax receipts BT Prints BT Timetables USE Sales tax tokens RT Caricatures RT Cartoons Score books Sales tax tokens RT Popular prints SN Bound volumes or pads of sheets for SN Coin-shaped monetary tokens made from recording scores in sports or games. metal, fibre, plastic or card; used in the US, Savings stamps BT Books primarily in the 1930s and 1940s, to pay SN Stamps issued by governments or other NT Score cards sales tax, or give change, when the relevant bodies, such as utility and other large amounts were in fractions of 1 cent. Include companies, to enable small amounts of Score cards also the paper receipts issued instead of money to be saved over time. They may be SN Printed cards or sheets for recording scores tokens by the state of Ohio in the 1930s. cashed in, or used in lieu of cash to make a in sports or games. (Hist) purchase or to pay large upcoming bills. UF Cards, Score UF Sales tax receipts UF Stamps, Savings UF Score sheets BT Alternative currency BT Cinderella stamps UF Scorecards RT Change pin-papers UF Scoresheets RT Farthing novelettes Scales of rations BT Score books USE Dietary tables RT Game record cards Sample books RT Record cards SN Albums or other volumes that include actual Scent cards RT Tallies examples of products, produced primarily SN Cards for trying out perfumes from for representatives and wholesalers; may sample spray bottles; may be blanks, blind Score sheets have printed or handwritten annotations embossed or die-cut, printed on one or both USE Score cards such as references to prices. sides. UF Books, Specimen BT Cards Scorecards UF Specimen books USE Score cards 56 | Scoresheets

Scoresheets Search warrants Security labels USE Score cards SN Court orders authorising police to search a SN Labels affixed to products to ensure that person or location in pursuit of evidence of their contents have not been tampered Scrap albums a crime. with. USE Scrapbooks BT Warrants BT Labels

Scrapbooks Season tickets (Events) Seed packets SN Blank books or albums designed so that SN Season tickets for cultural or sporting SN Small sachets or envelopes containing plant a variety of items may be affixed to the events give the purchaser a discount for seeds, with the name and/or picture of the pages, including photographs, postcards, buying tickets to all or a specific number relevant plant; some are preprinted, some cuttings, greetings cards, scraps, and of the events in question. They come in a with a pictorial label. other memorabilia. Often containing items variety of formats, with varying amounts of BT Packets reflecting a life or an event. information. UF Scrap albums BT Admission tickets Sentiment cards BT Blankbooks RT Membership cards SN Tokens of attachment, bearing a floral motif, RT Cuttings a pictorial illustration or a motto, verse or Season tickets (Transport) greeting; mid-19th century, usually about Scraps SN Small cards to be used by the designated 60 × 199mm. (Hist) SN Decorations, produced mainly for holder only and bearing his or her name and BT Cards pasting into albums, often die-cut and a date. They allow the purchaser to travel an RT Valentines chromolithographed, printed in sheets from unlimited number of times within the period which each scrap can be removed; can also specified by the ticket, sometimes with Serial numbers be found pasted onto other surfaces for restrictions. SN Unique numbers assigned for identification. decoration, e.g. boxes, screens; sometimes UF Tickets, Season Can now refer to any unique alphanumeric used for educational purposes. Popular in BT Travel tickets identifier for one of a large set of items. the 19th and early 20th centuries. RT Bus passes BT Marks UF Reliefs RT Travel cards RT Queue tickets BT Collectables RT Cutouts Seasonal appeals Servants’ timetables RT Die-cuts USE Gratuity requests USE Job instructions

Scratch cards Seat reservation tickets Service caps SN Small items usually made of cardboard, with SN Either tickets affixed to a seat in a train, or SN Paper hats worn by staff in fast food one or more areas containing concealed other means of transport, indicating that it restaurants, etc. information or pictures. They are covered by is reserved, or tickets given to the traveller UF Caterers’ hats an opaque substance that can be scratched indicating which seat has been reserved BT Paper hats away. Uses include lottery games, parking for them. permits, quizzes, and telephone and other BT Tickets Service cards prepaid service cards. USE Orders of service UF Cards, Scratch Seating charts BT Hidden image works USE Seating plans Service records RT Metamorphic pictures USE Employee records Seating plans Scriptural texts SN Diagrams illustrating the layout of seats Service sheets USE Religious texts for events, in auditoriums or on means of USE Orders of service transport. Scripture cards UF Seating charts Service, Orders of USE Religious cards BT Plans (Diagrams) USE Orders of service NT Auditorium seating plans Sealing wafers NT Table seating plans Servicing records SN Small, thin, gummed leaves that could be RT Deck plans SN Records of servicing performed on vehicles, bought from stationers; some were made RT Railway carriage diagrams electrical equipment, etc. to order, some advocated special causes. BT Records (Documents) Used for sealing letters before adhesive Security devices RT Record cards envelopes. (Hist) SN Elaborate patterns, and other decorations, RT Safety check labels UF Wafer seals designed to thwart forgers, e.g. on UF Wafers, Sealing banknotes, cheques, share certificates, Serviettes, Paper BT Letter seals passports. USE Paper napkins RT Seals NT Siderography RT Compound plate printing Sewing patterns Seals RT Paper lithophanes USE Dress patterns SN Pieces of wax, lead or paper bearing a RT Penmen’s flourishes stamped design; either attached to a Shades, Eye document as a guarantee of authenticity, Security envelopes USE Eyeshades or attached to a receptacle, envelope, etc., SN Envelopes incorporating features that affording security by having to be broken to indicate whether they have been tampered Shadow pictures allow access to its content. with, or that have strong printed designs, USE Silhouettes NT Letter seals linings or other means to prevent their RT Cypher labels contents being seen. Shaker labels RT Sealing wafers BT Envelopes SN Labels for the products of Shaker cottage industries; usually printed in black on coloured paper. Site plans | 57

UF Labels, Shaker Ships’ newspapers Sickness bags BT Product labels SN Include as items of special interest SN Reinforced paper bags, sometimes with newspapers printed on board ship. closures, provided by airlines and ships Share certificates BT Newspapers for the use of passengers; often bearing USE Stock certificates designs or advertising. Ships’ stationery UF Motion sickness bags Sheet music SN Include as items of special interest UF Sick bags SN Popular publications issued in loose sheets, stationery printed on board ship. BT Disposal bags consisting of 4–16 pp; often with decorative BT Stationery or pictorial covers. Siderography UF Music, sheet Ships’ stores lists SN Printing process applied to security BT Music BT Lists printing, whereby designs, particularly NT Sheet music covers machine-generated patterns could be RT Ballads Ships’ telegrams multiplied on steel as decorative borders RT Song sheets SN Telegrams received from or sent to ships. and backgrounds. Used for the production BT Telegrams of documents requiring long runs with the Sheet music covers NT Marconigrams need for precise replication, e.g. banknotes, SN Decorative or pictorial covers dating mainly cheques or postage stamps. Used from the from the early 19th century, displaying the Shoe patterns early 19th century. (AAT amended) title of the work, the name of the composer SN Cut-out brown paper patterns for shoes that BT Security devices and the publisher, and often also the author are made by hand for individual wearers. of the words, price, and information about BT Pattern sheets Siege newspapers where to obtain a copy. Printed as the front USE Improvised newspapers page of the publication they serve as both Shop lists cover and title page. (EE) USE Trade lists Signal codes UF Covers, Sheet music SN Lists of code terms or symbols used in UF Music sheet covers Shop window cards transmitting messages, e.g. by the police, UF Music title pages USE Showcards railway personnel, or naval personnel. UF Sheet music title pages Includes Morse, semaphore and other BT Sheet music Shop window mottoes signalling codes. USE Showcards UF Codes, Signal Sheet music title pages NT Navy signal codes USE Sheet music covers Shopping lists RT Communications SN Lists made by individuals, usually Sheets handwritten. Signs (Notices) SN Gathering term. Do not use. UF Lists, Shopping SN Lettered panels used for wayfinding or NT Activity sheets BT Reminder lists to identify a location. Usually textual or NT Colouring sheets symbolic rather than pictorial. For smaller NT Diet sheets Show cards identifying items, e.g. for rooms, display NT Music sheets USE Showcards cases, use Labels (TGM amended) NT Pattern sheets RT Labels NT Quiz sheets Showcards RT Notices NT Song sheets SN Advertisements on cards made for placing NT Tear sheets on a counter, in a window, or other Silhouettes NT Transfer sheets commercial setting; also for display in SN Portraits or scenes cut from paper or NT Uncut sheets buses, underground trains, post offices. otherwise produced in solid areas, usually NT Worksheets Larger than advertising cards, and smaller black. (AAT amended) than most posters designed for external UF Shadow pictures Sheets, Carol use. BT Paperwork (Crafts) USE Carol sheets UF Hanging cards UF Retail show cards Silks Sheets, Hymn UF Retail showcards SN Printed textile items especially give-aways; USE Hymn sheets UF Shop window cards most commonly as a form of cigarette card UF Shop window mottoes in cigarette packets, but also in women’s Shelf pelmets UF Show cards magazines. (Hist) USE Shelf strips UF Window cards BT Cloth BT Advertisements NT Cigarette card silks Shelf strips RT Advertising cards NT Stevengraphs SN Narrow strips for use on the fronts RT Display cards RT Give-aways of shelves. Can be decorative and/or RT Domestic showcards RT Ribbons informative. (EE) RT Point-of-sale advertising UF Shelf pelmets RT Railway carriage panels Site maps BT Point-of-sale advertising RT Wall cards USE Site plans RT Window bills Ship cards Site plans USE Sailing notices Showcards, Domestic SN Architectural plans, landscape architecture USE Domestic showcards documents, and detailed engineering Ships’ manifests drawings of proposed improvements to BT Manifests Sick bags given lots. A site plan ‘usually shows a USE Sickness bags building footprint, travelways, parking, Ships’ menus drainage facilities, sanitary sewer lines, USE Travel menus Sick notes water lines, trails, lighting, and landscaping USE Medical certificates and garden elements’. (AAT amended) 58 | Sketchbooks

UF Site maps Songsheets Spoofs BT Plans (Diagrams) USE Song sheets SN Items that appear to be one sort of communication and turn out to be another. Sketchbooks Songsters For example: a facsimile dollar bill which, SN Books of blank drawing paper intended for USE Song sheets when turned over, advertises the services of sketching. May be used or unused. a prostitute; a black-edged mourning card BT Books Souvenir albums for 1912 ‘In memory of the Radicals who RT Autograph albums USE Viewbooks lost at Taunton’; and similar sombre cards for lost football games. Sleep masks Souvenir booklets RT Advertising novelties USE Eyeshades USE Viewbooks RT Jokes

Sleeves, record Souvenir postal covers Sports cards USE Record covers USE Commemorative postal covers SN Advertising or collecting cards issued by bubblegum and tobacco companies since Slips, Addenda Souvenirs the 1880s to encourage or satisfy interest in USE Addenda slips SN Objects generally associated with travel sports and their players. Examples include or with particular events such as visits to cricket, football, baseball, and basketball Slips, Compliment heritage sites or amusement parks; usually cards, often featuring portraits of individual USE Compliments slips acquired through purchase rather than athletes or teams. (TGM amended) received as a gift. UF Bubblegum cards Slips, Corrigenda UF Mementos BT Cards USE Errata slips NT Election souvenirs NT Baseball cards NT Japanese paper souvenirs RT Advertising cards Slips, Errata NT Rose souvenirs RT Collecting cards USE Errata slips NT Viewbooks RT Cinema programmes Sports posters Slips, Poster RT Concertina cards SN Posters advertising sporting events. USE Poster slips RT Keepsakes BT Posters RT Pilgrimage cards Snuff papers Staff lists SN Early wrapping papers for snuff. Usually Spam SN Lists of members of staff of an organisation included a crude woodcut, a simple joke or SN Printouts of unsolicited bulk electronic or business. rhyme about tobacco. (Hist) messages, sent indiscriminately via email or BT Lists UF Papers, Snuff other electronic messaging services. RT Directories BT Tobacco packaging BT Born digital items RT Kite bags RT Direct mail Stamp posters RT Paper bags USE Poster stamps Special issue stamps Soap leaves SN Postage stamps issued to commemorate a Stamped papers SN Small sheets of paper impregnated with particular person, event, anniversary, etc. SN Sheets of blank paper with a preprinted or soap. UF Zeppelin stamps embossed tax stamp, used since the 16th BT Impregnated papers BT Postage stamps century for some documents such as leases, RT First day covers agreements, receipts, court documents, Society cards etc., where a tax is due. In some countries SN US calling cards, usually Specimen books and in some periods stamped paper had chromolithographed, and bearing the USE Sample books to be used for all printing. Currently can be insignia of organisations such as the purchased from stationers, lawyers’ offices, Oddfellows, the Freemasons, etc. (EE) (Hist) Specimen pages etc. UF Cards, Society SN Pages produced for approval prior to RT Letterheads BT Visiting cards production. RT Tax stamps UF Pages, Specimen Society programmes RT Page proofs Stamps SN Annual (usually) lists of programmes of RT Proofs SN Small, preprinted, pieces of paper for events organised by particular societies. RT Sample pages adhesion, usually to indicate payment for BT Calendars of events RT Title pages services or of tax. NT Cinderella stamps Soldiers, paper Speeches NT Postage stamps USE Paper soldiers SN Documents containing the text or outline RT Letter seals text of any public address or talk. (AAT Song sheets amended) Stamps (Marks) SN Sheets containing the words only of songs, UF Addresses (Speeches) USE Marks carols, etc., for group singing. BT Communications UF Songsheets RT Ceremonial addresses Stamps, Advertising UF Songsters RT Election addresses USE Advertising stamps BT Sheets NT Carol sheets Spelling aids Stamps, Airmail NT Hymn sheets SN Wallcharts, cards, sheets or other printed USE Airmail stamps RT Ballads items designed to help children with RT Broadsides spelling. Stamps, College RT Popular prints BT Learning aids USE College stamps RT Sheet music NT ABC primers Street ballads | 59

Stamps, Green Shield examples in ledgers can be as large as advertising messages. (AAT amended) USE Green Shield stamps postcards. (EE) (Hist) For charity stickers use Charity badges. UF Stationers’ advertising labels For stickers providing information or Stamps, Poster UF Stationers’ tickets identification use Labels. USE Poster stamps BT Book labels NT Advertising stickers NT Car stickers Stamps, Railway Stationers’ tickets RT Cinderella stamps USE Railway stamps USE Stationers’ labels RT Labels RT Poster stamps Stamps, Savings Stationery RT Transfer sheets USE Savings stamps SN Materials on which letters and similar communications are typed or handwritten Stills, Film Stamps, Tax and distributed, sometimes having some USE Film stills USE Tax stamps pre-printed element perhaps a letterhead or decorative design. Stock cards Stamps, Telephone NT Airmail stationery SN Advertising cards, usually coloured or USE Telephone stamps NT Blotting paper embossed, printed with an area left blank NT Business stationery for local retailers to add their name or other Stamps, Television licence NT Carbon paper information. USE Television licence stamps NT Decorative stationery UF Cards, Stock NT Funeral stationery BT Advertising cards Stamps, Trading NT Hotel stationery USE Trading stamps NT Lettersheets Stock certificates NT Notelets SN Legal documents that certify ownership Standees NT Postal stationery of a specific number of stock shares in a SN Three-dimensional advertisements, NT Ships’ stationery corporation. sometimes very large. Often found in NT Wedding stationery UF Share certificates cinemas, but may also be political or retail. NT Writing paper BT Certificates BT Point-of-sale advertising RT Envelopes BT Financial records RT Film posters RT Greetings cards NT Bearer bonds RT Film stills RT Letters RT Lobby cards RT Table stationery Stock lists RT Strutted cards SN Lists of the contents of a business, shop Stencils or other retail outlet used for checking for State-of-the-poll notices SN Thin sheets of material, such as metal, sales, replenishment. SN Printed notices or handbills, produced paper or plastic, in which letters or designs BT Lists in the period when voting was held over have been stamped or cut; used to produce RT Inventories several days, indicating the state of the poll a corresponding pattern on an underlying RT Trade lists at a particular time and date. Often with surface by applying pigment through the manuscript figures. (Hist) holes in the material. Stock posters BT Notices RT Transfer letters SN Posters with generic images, and blank RT Electoral lists spaces, so that text for a specific event can RT Political posters Stereograph pictures be added at a later date (overprinted or RT Poll lists USE Stereographs provided with a poster-slip) to customize the poster. Statements of accounts Stereographs BT Posters SN Documents, issued by suppliers to their SN Two nearly identical photographs or RT Poster slips customers, listing transactions over a given photomechanical prints, paired to produce period, normally monthly. They will include the illusion of a single three-dimensional Stock show cards details of invoices, payments received image; usually viewed with a stereoscope. USE Prize cards and any credits approved with a resultant (Hist) balance. UF Stereograph pictures Store cards BT Business stationery UF Stereoscopic cards USE Payment cards RT Accounts UF Stereoscopic pictures RT Financial statements BT Pictures Store catalogues RT Photographs USE Trade catalogues Stationers’ advertising labels USE Stationers’ labels Stereoscopic cards Stored value cards USE Stereographs USE Prepaid cards Stationers’ envelopes SN Stationers’ equivalent of shopkeepers’ Stereoscopic pictures Story boards paper bags produced from thin, low-grade USE Stereographs USE Storyboards paper, and printed with advertising messages, leaving little or no room for an Stevengraphs Storyboards address. UK, Victorian/Edwardian period. SN Machine-woven silk items produced as SN Sequences of illustrations or images (Hist) bookmarks, keepsakes and souvenirs, drawn up to assist in the planning of films, BT Envelopes popularised in 19th century by Thomas animations or other narrative creations. Stevens. (Hist) UF Story boards Stationers’ labels BT Silks BT Designs SN Similar in function to booksellers’ labels, BT Pictures stationers’ labels can also be found in Stickers diaries, on pen boxes, etc. Mostly small SN Adhesive-backed slips of paper or similar Street ballads (<20 × 10mm) and often shaped, but thin material, usually bearing political or USE Ballads 60 | Street directories

Street directories BT Writing tablets Swing labels SN Directories of town or cities organised by RT Magic slates USE Tags (Labels) street and listing residents, businesses, and tradesmen according to their address. Often Subscription lists Swing tags with a map or plan. SN Lists or records of subscriptions and USE Tags (Labels) BT Directories subscribers (AAT). May relate to charities, libraries or to the publication of a volume. Swing tickets Street literature Subscription lists originally published with a USE Tags (Labels) SN Popular, primitive printed matter sold in the book may get detached from it. open air by hawkers, often illustrated. Up to BT Lists Swipe cards c.1850. (Hist) NT Charity subscription lists SN Plastic cards with a magnetic strip used to UF Catchpennies RT Donation lists make transactions or to provide access to UF Cocks restricted or secure areas. NT Ballads Subway maps UF Cards, Swipe NT Execution broadsides USE Transport maps BT Machine-readable cards RT Unemployed appeals RT Keycards Sugar leaves Street maps SN Sweetener-impregnated leaves of paper SN Maps of towns showing the names of used during World War I. (Hist) individual streets, and sometimes significant BT Impregnated papers buildings, and other practical information. Often with an index of streets and important Sugar wrappers services. SN May be paper wrappers for lump sugar or UF Plans, Town sachets for ground sugar. Usually decorative, T UF Town plans sometimes in series, often containing BT Maps advertising. BT Food wrappers Table games Strike covers USE Board games USE Postal strike covers Suicide notes BT Notes Table seating plans Strike newspapers RT Letters SN Seating plans for formal dinners, banquets, SN Newsletters / newspapers produced by weddings, etc. or for groups of striking workers. Can also Summonses BT Seating plans be special issues of regular newspapers SN Documents directing a named individual RT Guest lists that focus on strike news especially the UK to appear at a given time and place for a General Strike of 1926. specific judicial purpose. (EE) Table stationery BT Newspapers BT Forms SN Gathering term: do not use. Covers paper- NT Jury summonses based items relating to the serving of food Strip maps RT Driving offence notifications and drink. SN Long, narrow maps that illustrate the course NT Cake frills of a road, river or railway and the places Sunday school cards NT Doilies adjacent to it. (AAT amended) SN In the US Sunday school cards often include NT Paper cup sleeves UF Ribbon maps a colourful bible illustration on the front, NT Paper cups BT Maps with a scriptural reference and a verse NT Paper napkins RT Railway journey guides for the child to memorize; the reverse NT Paper plates prints a short explanation of the scripture NT Place cards Strutted cards and a series of questions for the child to NT Place mats SN Cards with struts at the back to enable answer. In the UK such cards are not always RT Beermats them to be displayed free-standing. distinguishable from general religious cards. RT Stationery Usually advertising a product, but can also UF Cards, Sunday School be greetings or other cards. For three- BT Religious cards Tables dimensional items use Standees. RT Rewards of merit SN Orderly arrangements of primarily numerical UF Cards, Strutted and/or verbal data in columns and rows. RT Point-of-sale advertising Supplements, advertising NT Circuit plans RT Standees USE Advertising supplements NT Dietary tables Stud cards Sweepstake tickets NT Timetables RT Charts USE Stud notices SN In sweepstakes participants pay to select and back a team in a sports tournament, Tag labels Stud notices or a horse in a horse race. In the UK USE Tags (Labels) SN Cards or notices circulated to announce sweepstakes are informal and usually that a named stud animal is available to limited to office workers, residents’ groups, Tags (Labels) service females during a given period; or private societies. SN Labels, usually of a stiff substance attached usually refers to horses but can be other BT Tickets to an article by one end or otherwise animals. RT Betting tickets loosely, and bearing some information UF Stud cards RT Lottery tickets relevant to the article. (AAT) BT Advertisements RT Raffle tickets UF Swing labels RT Notices Sweet wrappers UF Swing tags UF Swing tickets Stylus tablets SN Small paper or foil wrappers for individual UF Tag labels SN Wooden tablets with a coating of wax for sweets or chocolates. UF Tie-on labels inscribing with a stylus. (Hist) BT Food wrappers RT Gum wrappers Thaumatropes | 61

BT Labels Tax wrappers Telephone cards NT Price tags SN Packaging, for e.g. playing cards, tobacco, SN Prepaid cards for use with public paper, that incorporates into its printing an telephones. Take-away menus indication that tax has been paid. (Hist) UF Cards, Telephone BT Menus UF Fiscal wrappers UF Phone cards BT Wrappers BT Prepaid cards Tallies RT Tax stamps SN Recorded reckonings or accounts of items, Telephone directories charges or scores. In the past referred to Taxi fare maps SN Lists of names (addresses) and telephone innkeepers’ bills. SN Maps, usually zoned, indicating the numbers of individuals and businesses in a RT Invoices distances and/or fares for journeys from a specific area, or organisation; sometimes in RT Score cards specific point to the various zones. more than one volume. UF Cab fare maps UF Phone books Tariff cards UF Hackney carriage fare maps UF Phone directories SN Cards or leaflets detailing the services BT Transport maps UF Telephone books offered and charges made by, e.g. hotels, BT Directories laundries, dry cleaning establishments. Taxi licences UF Cards, Tariff SN Licences issued by local authorities to Telephone stamps BT Price lists specific vehicles to permit them to be used SN Stamps introduced in 1884 by the National RT Menus for hire. Telephone Company for use in payment for UF Hackney cab licences calls made at a public call office. Withdrawn Tariff notices BT Licences 1891. (Hist) SN Notices posted up detailing tariffs for ferries, UF Stamps, Telephone tolls, excursions, etc. Teabag sachets BT Cinderella stamps UF Notices, Tariff SN Small paper envelopes containing a teabag. BT Price lists BT Sachets Television licence stamps NT Ferry rate notices SN Revenue stamps issued in two parts, one NT Toll rate notices Teaching aids to be attached to the licence held by the SN Items produced for use by teachers in the television owner and the other returned Tarot cards classroom. to the licencing authority. For TV licence SN Packs of cards (most commonly numbering UF Educational aids savings stamps use Savings stamps. 78), used from the mid-15th century in BT Learning aids UF Stamps, Television licence various parts of Europe to play a group of NT Flashcards UF TV licence stamps card games. Also used for divination. RT Conversation cards BT Tax stamps UF Cards, Tarot RT Wallcharts BT Fortune telling cards RT Worksheets Television licences RT Magicians’ cards SN Official licences, required in many countries, Tear-outs for the reception of television (and Tax discs SN Pages or sections in a newspaper or sometimes also radio) broadcasts. Normally USE Vehicle licences magazine designed to be easily torn out. used to fund public broadcasting. BT Magazines UF TV licences Tax forms BT Newspapers BT Licences SN Any forms relating to tax. RT Tear sheets BT Forms Temperance cards NT Income tax forms Tear sheets USE Pledge cards SN Pages cut or torn from a magazine or Tax stamps newspaper and used chiefly to provide Tenancy contracts SN Adhesive labels (rather than handstamps) evidence to an advertiser of the purchase or SN Contracts between tenants and landlords. used to indicate the payment of taxes or use of the publication. UF Rental agreements fees on documents, tobacco, alcoholic BT Magazines BT Contracts drinks, drugs and medicines, playing cards, BT Newspapers hunting licenses, firearm registration, and BT Sheets Term cards many other items. RT Cuttings USE Calendars of events UF Duty stamps RT Leaves UF Excise marks RT Tear-outs Term programmes UF Excise stamps USE Calendars of events UF Fiscal stamps Telegrams UF Revenue stamps SN Messages sent by telegraph and delivered Testimonials UF Stamps, Tax on paper by hand. SN Semi-public character/work references BT Cinderella stamps BT Correspondence to be given to subject, as opposed to NT Television licence stamps BT Forms references sent confidentially to a potential RT Cigar box labels NT Greetings telegrams employer. RT Copyright royalty stamps NT Ships’ telegrams RT References RT Cypher labels RT Air letter sheets RT Handstamps RT Airgraph forms Textile labels RT Post horse tickets USE Fabric labels RT Stamped papers Teleoramas RT Tax wrappers USE Peepshows Textiles, Printed USE Cloth Tax vouchers Telephone books SN Paper advice slips issued by UK companies USE Telephone directories Thaumatropes when paying dividends to shareholders. SN Optical toys consisting of cardboard discs BT Financial statements threaded on string having related images on 62 | Theatre bills

each side (e.g. parrot and cage). When the Tickets, Airline Timesheets discs are spun, the two images blend. (Hist) USE Airline tickets SN Records of times worked filled in by BT Optical novelties employees or on their behalf by employers. BT Toys Tickets, Benefit UF Labour accounts USE Benefit tickets UF Time sheets Theatre bills BT Clock cards USE Theatre posters Tickets, Bus BT Forms USE Bus tickets RT Employee records Theatre posters RT Job instructions SN Posters intended for public display to Tickets, Coach advertise plays and similar performances, USE Coach tickets Timetables sometimes multi-sheet. For single-sheet SN Schedules of the times at which successive items produced up to mid-nineteenth Tickets, Coaching things are to be done or happen, or of the century advertising plays, and usually USE Coaching tickets time to be taken over the parts of some announcing the cast use Playbills. process. UF Posters, Theatre Tickets, Discount tea UF Schedules UF Theatre bills USE Discount tea tickets UF Time-tables BT Performing arts posters UF Time tables RT Playbills Tickets, Exchange BT Tables USE Exchange tickets NT School timetables Theatre programmes NT Tide tables SN Printed or handwritten lists of the acts, Tickets, Ferry NT Travel timetables scenes, selections, or other features USE Ferry tickets RT Carriers’ bills composing a theatre performance, including RT Duty rotas the names of the performers. (AAT) Tickets, Lecture RT Waybills BT Programmes USE Lecture tickets RT Cast lists Tin labels RT Playbills Tickets, Railway USE Can labels USE Railway tickets Theatre seating plans Tinsel prints USE Auditorium seating plans Tickets, Season SN Hand-coloured prints embellished with USE Season tickets (Transport) metallic foil and other materials. Closely Theatre tokens associated with toy theatres. (Hist) SN Gift vouchers valid only for theatre tickets. Tickets, Toll BT Prints In the past, presentation tokens in metal or USE Toll tickets RT Toy theatres ivory gave access to a particular theatre. USE Travel tickets UF Tokens, Theatre Title deeds BT Gift vouchers Tickets, Tram SN Legal documents confirming the ownership USE Tram tickets of a property. Tick lists UF Property deeds USE Checklists Tickets, Trolleybus BT Deeds USE Trolleybus tickets Tickets Title pages SN Slips of paper or cardboard serving as Tickets, Turnpike SN To be used only for specimens and proofs evidence that the holder has paid a fare or USE Turnpike tickets of title pages and for title pages removed admission fee or is entitled to some service. from books. (AAT) Tickets, Tyburn UF Pages, Title NT Admission tickets USE Tyburn certificates BT Books NT Betting tickets BT Leaves NT Charity tickets Tide tables RT Specimen pages NT Cloakroom tickets SN Tables giving the times of high and low tides NT E-tickets on specific dates and in specific places. To do lists NT Left luggage tickets BT Timetables USE Reminder lists NT Lottery tickets NT Parking tickets Tie-on labels Tobacco packaging NT Pawnbrokers’ tickets USE Tags (Labels) SN Use for any form of packaging of loose NT Post horse tickets tobacco. NT Queue tickets Time-tables BT Packaging NT Raffle tickets USE Timetables NT Snuff papers NT Seat reservation tickets RT Cigar bands NT Sweepstake tickets Time lines RT Cigar box labels NT Travel tickets USE Chronologies RT Cigarette packets NT Weighbridge tickets RT Cuban wrappers RT Receipts Time sheets RT Kite bags USE Timesheets RT Wrappers Tickets of leave SN Part-printed forms given to convicts Time tables Toilet paper released before their term was up USE Timetables SN Paper in sheet or roll form, which may be permitting them to seek paid work. thin and sanitised or soft and absorbent, BT Permits Timelines used in bathrooms for personal cleanliness. RT Discharge certificates USE Chronologies Some with promotional or ownership printing. Traders’ licences | 63

UF Lavatory paper Toy theatre scenery UF Retailers’ catalogues BT Paper types BT Toy theatres UF Store catalogues BT Catalogues Toilet seat covers Toy theatres NT Mail order catalogues SN Disposable paper covers in the shape of SN Early 19th century miniature kits NT Manufacturers’ catalogues the toilet seat, intended to provide hygienic for performing plays. They supplied RT Trade lists protection. prosceniums, backcloths and characters, BT Protective coverings printed on paper for cutting out, with Trade directories NT Toilet seat seals simplified scripts. SN Publications listing residents, professions UF Miniature theatres and businesses, some classified by trade, Toilet seat seals BT Toys with addresses. They were organised by SN Strips of paper placed over toilet seats in NT Toy theatre figures county, town and adjacent area, class and hotels, etc. as indication that they have NT Toy theatre scenery trade/occupation. Some were specific been cleaned. RT Tinsel prints to individual occupations; some include BT Toilet seat covers advertising; some include maps or theatre Toys seating plans. Tokens (Vouchers) SN Objects of an ephemeral nature, contrived UF Commercial directories USE Vouchers for amusement rather than for practical BT Directories use, mainly for children, or as collectables NT Trade directory pages Tokens, Dance for adults. Often miniature versions of real USE Dance tokens beings or objects. Trade directory pages NT Magic slates SN Advertising pages torn or cut from trade Tokens, Record NT Paper toys directories; often with images and assumed USE Record tokens NT Thaumatropes to be trade cards. NT Toy theatres BT Leaves Tokens, Theatre RT Children’s games BT Trade directories USE Theatre tokens RT Games RT Mobiles Trade labels Toll rate notices SN Slips or tickets identifying the handiwork of SN Lists of prices to be paid for vehicles, people Toys, Paper a trade craftsman and intended to remain and animals at toll roads, bridges, etc. USE Paper toys on the object. (EE) UF Notices, Toll-rate BT Labels BT Tariff notices Trade advertisers NT Furniture makers’ labels SN Free sheets distributed locally to advertise NT Gunmakers’ labels Toll tickets local businesses. NT Musical instrument makers’ labels SN Receipts for cash paid at toll gate or BT Advertisements NT Picture framers’ labels barriers. Sometimes found in sheet form. RT Binders’ labels UF Tickets, Toll Trade cards RT Product labels BT Travel tickets SN Printed papers used from the mid-18th RT Turnpike tickets century by tradesmen to promote their Trade lists services. In the early 19th century they SN Lists of the items sold by a particular Tour coupons began to be replaced by pasteboard cards, shopkeeper, often extensive. Flourished USE Travel vouchers which are generally smaller. Originally multi- at the end of 18th century through to the purpose, trade cards developed into more mid-19th century. Usually without prices. Tour vouchers specialised business stationery such as (Hist) USE Travel vouchers billheads, price lists, letterheads, etc. (Hist) UF Shop lists For cards made later, bearing the name UF Tradesmen’s lists Tourist maps and address of a business concern with BT Lists SN Maps intended to introduce a region or or without the name of its representative, RT Price lists locality to tourists, showing places of and intended more for information than RT Stock lists interest. for advertising, use Business cards. For RT Trade catalogues BT Maps cards issued primarily to be collected and RT Railway journey guides usually in colour, with or without overt Trade marks RT River boat guides advertisements on them, use Collecting USE Trademarks cards. For larger cards intended to be Tourist posters displayed as public advertisements, use Trademarks USE Travel and transport posters Showcards. (AAT amended) SN The names, symbols, figures, letters, UF Cards, Trade words, or other marks adopted and Town plans BT Business stationery used by manufacturers or merchants in USE Street maps NT Advertising trade cards order to designate their goods and to RT Advertising cards distinguish them from any others; from the Toy books RT Business cards mid-19th century usually registered with a SN Flimsy, cheap picture books for children, RT Cameo cards governmental agency to assure their use mainly in colour; normally 16pp or less, and RT Invoices exclusively by the owner of the mark. (AAT often in a quarto format; produced from the RT Sailing notices amended) second half of the 19th century to World UF Trade marks War I. (Hist) Trade catalogues BT Marks BT Books SN Catalogues issued by manufacturers, RT Logos retailers, and wholesalers to sell their Toy theatre figures products. They usually have illustrations Traders’ licences BT Toy theatres and textual descriptions of items for sale. SN Licences permitting the holder to trade Sometimes accompanied by separate price in public places, whether markets, on the lists. street or peddling to individual houses. 64 | Tradesmen’s lists

UF Hawker’s licences RT Transfer letters NT Railway tickets UF Pedlar’s certificates RT Window transparencies NT Season tickets (Transport) UF Pedlar’s licences NT Toll tickets BT Licences Transformation pictures NT Tram tickets RT Buskers’ permits USE Metamorphic pictures NT Trolleybus tickets NT Turnpike tickets Tradesmen’s lists Transparencies, Window RT Oyster cards USE Trade lists USE Window transparencies RT Rail cards RT Travel cards Trading cards Transparency cards RT Travel warrants USE Collecting cards USE Hold-to-light works Travel timetables Trading stamps Transport maps BT Timetables SN Stamps, normally adhesive and perforated, SN Maps indicating the routes of transport NT Airline timetables given with purchases and collected to be networks. NT Airship timetables redeemed against catalogue items. UF Bus route maps NT Bus timetables UF Stamps, Trading UF Route maps NT Ferry timetables BT Cinderella stamps UF Subway maps NT Railway timetables NT Co-op stamps UF Underground maps NT Tram timetables NT Green Shield stamps BT Maps RT Itineraries RT Coupons NT Taxi fare maps RT Sailing notices RT Loyalty cards RT Waybills Transportation warrants Traffic tickets SN Warrants authorising the transport of Travel vouchers USE Driving offence notifications convicts to the colonies. (Hist) SN Vouchers redeemable against hotels, flights, BT Warrants tours, etc.; may be gifts or offered as part of Train diagrams a pre-booked holiday. SN Diagrams showing the sequence of the Travel and transport posters UF Tour coupons carriages of trains. SN Posters advertising travel destinations, UF Tour vouchers UF Arrangement of carriages diagrams transport companies or travel agents. BT Vouchers UF Carriage-arrangement diagrams UF Tourist posters NT Hotel vouchers BT Plans (Diagrams) UF Travel posters RT Visitors’ cards RT Railway carriage diagrams BT Posters RT Railway carriage panels Travel wallets Train tickets SN Wallets supplied by travel agents containing USE Railway tickets Travel cards travel documents, and sometimes ancillary SN Cards issued free, e.g. to Senior Citizens, information. Tram tickets or purchased, enabling the holder to travel BT Wallets UF Tickets, Tram free or at a discount. Some apply to specific BT Travel tickets means of transport, e.g. rail cards, bus Travel warrants passes; others apply to a range of transport SN Vouchers that can be exchanged for travel Tram timetables options within a specified region. tickets. Issued to service personnel; also BT Travel timetables UF Travel passes available to businesses to provide their staff BT Cards with a means of paying for their travel. Tramping cards NT Bus passes BT Vouchers SN Tradesmen’s identity cards used by itinerant NT Rail cards RT Travel tickets members of workers’ groups/associations. RT Season tickets (Transport) (Hist) RT Travel tickets Travellers’ cheques UF Cards, Tramping RT Visitors’ cards SN Preprinted, pre-paid, fixed-amount cheques UF Cards, Travelling designed to allow the person signing UF Travelling cards Travel menus them to make payments to someone else. BT Identity cards SN Menus provided by caterers on any means (Wikipedia) of transport. BT Cheques Transfer letters UF Airline menus RT Currency cards SN Lettering that can be applied to various UF Railway menus surfaces, by floating, rubbing or the UF Ships’ menus Travelling cards application of heat. BT Menus USE Tramping cards UF Letters, Transfer BT Alphabet letters Travel passes Trench newspapers RT Stencils USE Travel cards USE Improvised newspapers RT Transfer sheets Travel posters Trolleybus tickets Transfer sheets USE Travel and transport posters UF Tickets, Trolleybus SN Images, many in colour, made on paper BT Travel tickets specially treated so that the image can be Travel tickets transferred to another surface by various UF Passenger tickets Tunnel books methods. UF Tickets, Toll USE Peepshows UF Decalcomania BT Tickets UF Decals NT Airline tickets Tunnel views BT Sheets NT Bus tickets USE Peepshows RT Embroidery patterns NT Coach tickets RT Stickers NT Coaching tickets Turnpike tickets NT Ferry tickets SN Receipts for cash paid at turnpikes. (Hist) Visitors’ cards | 65

UF Tickets, Turnpike Unstamped newspapers View books BT Travel tickets USE Unstamped periodicals USE Viewbooks RT Exchange tickets RT Toll tickets Unstamped periodicals View cards SN Newspapers and periodicals published SN Use for cards printed on enamelled stock TV licence stamps in defiance of Britain’s Stamp Duty laws. with engraved and vignetted illustrations. USE Television licence stamps Mostly from between 1830 and 1836, but Produced for tourists in the 19th century, started in 1712 and abolished in 1855. (Hist) sometimes in sets and usually smaller than TV licences UF Newspapers, Unstamped a postcard. (Hist) USE Television licences UF Unstamped newspapers UF Enamelled cards BT Magazines BT Cards Tyburn certificates RT Newspapers RT Cartes porcelaine SN Certificates awarded for the successful RT Postcards prosecution (ending in hanging) of a felon. User guides (Hist) USE Manuals Viewbooks UF Tickets, Tyburn SN Published sets of images of particular UF Tyburn tickets places, events and activities. Later ones are BT Certificates usually photographically based and printed in sepia; may be in a concertina format or Tyburn tickets spiral bound. USE Tyburn certificates UF Souvenir albums UF Souvenir booklets Type specimen sheets V UF View books SN Specimen sheets produced by type BT Books manufacturers and printers to display the BT Souvenirs various typefaces available to customers. V-mail NT Concertina cards Sometimes brought together in book form. RT Postcard books USE Airgraph forms BT Samples RT Postcards RT Alphabet sheets Vaccination certificates RT Alphabets Vinegar valentines USE Health certificates RT Pictorial alphabets SN Insulting or offensive valentines intended Valentines to upset or provoke the recipient. Victorian ones were chosen mainly with the trade or SN Greetings cards sent to sweethearts, usually occupation of the recipient in mind. Mainly on Saint Valentine’s Day. 1840s but have been revived recently. BT Greetings cards BT Valentines NT Vinegar valentines RT Insult cards RT Cobwebs U RT Sentiment cards Visas Variety show posters SN Official authorisations stamped in or appended to a passport, permitting entry USE Music hall posters Uncut sheets into and travel within a particular country or region. SN Printed sheets showing multiple items, Vaudeville posters BT Permits often many of the same design, intended USE Music hall posters RT Passports to be cut up for use. Index also under the RT Work permits individual item. Vehicle licences BT Sheets SN Small paper documents usually to be Visiting cards displayed on the vehicle, indicating that the SN Small cards bearing a person’s name, Underground maps necessary licensing fee has been paid. status and sometimes address. May have USE Transport maps UF Car tax discs a portrait, scene or decoration; may be UF Tax discs accompanied by an envelope. Not to be Underground newspapers BT Licences confused with Cartes-de-visite. USE Clandestine newspapers Vehicle registration documents UF Calling cards BT Cards Unemployed appeals SN Use for any kind of vehicle registration form NT Acquaintance cards SN Appeals for financial help. May take the including motor vehicles, boats, aircraft. NT Novelty visiting cards form of ballads, call back cards, postcards or BT Records (Documents) NT Society cards leaflets, or packets of small items for sale. RT At home cards BT Appeals Vice cards RT Business cards RT Street literature USE Prostitutes’ cards RT Cartes-de-visite Union labels Vide poches Visitor lists SN Labels attached to a product by the SN Wall-mounted cardboard pockets for filing SN Lists of visitors to events. employees of a company as an assurance of domestic papers esp. bills. Often decorative, BT Lists quality and of an employer’s good working sometimes in the form of calendars. (Hist) RT Attendance records conditions. (EE) In the US, identifying marks BT Pockets RT Guest lists attached to goods indicating they have been RT Calendars RT Visitors’ registers produced by union labour. (AAT) UF Labels, Union Video insert cards Visitors’ cards BT Quality assurance labels USE Insert cards SN Cards sold by tourist information offices often allowing free or discounted travel and entrance to museums, etc. 66 | Visitors’ registers

BT Cards employees or volunteers use Recruitment RT Travel cards notices. RT Travel vouchers UF Wanted posters BT Notices W RT Missing persons notices Visitors’ registers SN Published lists of visitors to hotels RT Reward notices in popular resorts, as a form of hotel advertising in newspapers or magazines. Wafer seals Wanted notices (Goods) (Hist) USE Sealing wafers SN Posters advertising goods wanted, e.g. rags, BT Lists scrap metal. For notices seeking employees RT Visitor lists Wafers, Sealing or volunteers use Recruitment notices. USE Sealing wafers UF Wanted posters Visuals BT Notices SN Simulations of a finished design to be Wage envelopes shown to clients for approval. USE Pay packets Wanted posters RT Artwork, Original USE Wanted notices (Crime) RT Designs Wagon labels USE Wanted notices (Goods) RT Layouts SN Labels affixed to railway wagons indicating their contents and/or destination. Warning notices Vitrauphanies BT Labels SN Notices warning of danger, including danger USE Window transparencies RT Railway carriage labels of theft, or of the risk of committing an offence, e.g. Trespassers will be prosecuted. Vitrophanies Wall cards BT Notices USE Window transparencies SN Cards, essentially for domestic display RT Health and safety notices on walls, carrying images, improving Vivat ribbons messages, etc. For advertising wall cards Warrants SN Printed silks sold in aid of war charities use Showcards; for educational wall cards SN Documents conferring authority for specific during World War I. (Hist) use Teaching aids. actions, usually where no such authority UF Hurrah bands UF Cards, Wall normally exists. UF Vivatbaender UF Wallcards BT Forms BT Ribbons NT Punctuality cards NT Arrest warrants RT Calendar mounts NT Impress warrants Vivatbaender RT Religious texts NT Release warrants USE Vivat ribbons RT Showcards NT Search warrants NT Transportation warrants Volvelles Wall charts RT Distraint papers SN Mechanicals consisting of two or more USE Wallcharts RT Licences cards, at least one of them circular, the upper one having apertures that display Wallcards Warrants of distress information or pictures when rotated over USE Wall cards USE Distress warrants the lower one. Some are double-sided. BT Mechanical works Wallcharts Wartime posters SN Poster-like items displaying information SN Includes such themes as propaganda Voters’ lists essentially for educational use; often directed at the enemy, domestic USE Electoral lists provided on card or supplied with rollers, propaganda, recruitment and posters aimed and usually designed for distance viewing. at the home front concerning industrial Voting papers UF Charts, Wall production, morale, security, austerity, USE Ballot papers UF Wall charts health and safety, etc. RT Charts BT Posters Vouchers RT Teaching aids RT Political posters SN Documents that can be exchanged for RT Year planners RT Propaganda posters goods or services as a token of payment RT Recruitment notices already made. Wallets UF Tokens (Vouchers) SN Relatively small, flat, often folding Watch papers NT Dance tokens containers, designed with pockets, USE Watchpapers NT Education vouchers and compartments, for holding travel NT Gift vouchers documents, photographs, negatives, etc. Watchpapers NT Meal vouchers BT Packaging SN Paper or silk roundels inserted in pocket NT Travel vouchers NT Photograph wallets watches as protection or advertising. (Hist) NT Travel warrants NT Travel wallets UF Papers, Watch RT Coupons RT Pockets UF Watch papers BT Protective coverings Vouchers, Hotel Wallpaper samples RT Advertisements USE Hotel vouchers SN Small pieces of wallpaper given or sent to customers to assist in choosing wallpapers. Watermarks Vues d’optique BT Samples SN Faint designs or text created by different USE Perspective view prints thicknesses of paper, visible when held Wanted notices (Crime) against the light, often identifying the maker, SN Single sheet items intended for display date, etc. describing criminals sought by law BT Marks enforcement agencies, sometimes with RT Hold-to-light works offers of rewards. For notices seeking RT Paper lithophanes Wrappers | 67

Waybills White feather letters Wireless licences SN Records of the carriage of freight SN Letters sent, usually anonymously with USE Radio licences (earlier ones can include passengers) a white feather, to those accused of showing goods in transit, their route, cowardice for not volunteering for service Wish bracelets dates of despatch and arrival, charges during World War I. (Hist) USE Fitas for carriage and payments made. May BT Anonymous letters include instructions for handling difficult Word art or hazardous contents. For earlier waybills Wills USE Calligrammes listing the route to be taken by a traveller, SN Witnessed, legal documents in which people use Itineraries. (EE) declare the disposition of their property, to Wordbooks UF Consignment notes take effect after their death. USE Libretti NT Carriers’ bills BT Legal documents RT Bills of lading RT Living wills Work instructions RT Itineraries USE Job instructions RT Manifests Window bills RT Timetables SN Advertisements or notices on paper rather Work permits RT Travel timetables than card intended for posting on shop SN Documents giving permission for foreign windows. Sometimes supplied ready nationals to work in another country. Wayfinding maps gummed. BT Permits USE Directional maps BT Point-of-sale advertising RT Visas RT Showcards Wedding albums RT Window transparencies Work, Pinprick SN Albums specifically made to contain USE Pinprick work photographic and other records of a Window cards wedding. USE Showcards Workhouse accounts BT Albums BT Accounts RT Wedding stationery Window envelopes SN Envelopes in which a transparent panel Works, Cut-paper Wedding menus is inserted allowing the address on the USE Cut-paper works BT Menus enclosure to be read. BT Envelopes Works, Folded paper Wedding service cards USE Folded paper works SN Cards detailing the order of service for Window transparencies weddings, including the words of hymns, SN Sheets of transparent material such as thin Works, Hidden image and congregational prayers. Usually paper or plastic, bearing printed images USE Hidden image works including the names of the bride and groom in colour. Produced for decorative or and sometimes of bridesmaids and other advertising purposes, for applying to glass Works, Hold-to-light participants. so they can be viewed with the light shining USE Hold-to-light works BT Orders of service through them; some in imitation of stained BT Wedding stationery glass. Works, Mechanical UF Transparencies, Window USE Mechanical works Wedding stationery UF Vitrauphanies SN Includes invitations, table plans, thank you UF Vitrophanies Works, Moveable cards, place cards, cake boxes, etc. RT Hold-to-light works USE Mechanical works BT Stationery RT Transfer sheets NT Wedding service cards RT Window bills Works, Novelty RT Wedding albums USE Novelty works Wine labels Weighbridge tickets SN Labels attached to bottles of wine including Worksheets SN Documents giving the weight of a vehicle some or all of the following information: SN Sheets of paper on which problems that has been weighed on a weighbridge. the country and region of origin, the are worked out or solved and answers Early examples take the form of a small grape(s), type of wine, alcoholic content, recorded. Usually in an educational context. card, later ones may give much fuller year, producer, bottler, or importer. There For Employees’ records use Timesheets. information about the contents of loads, are three types of labels - front, back and BT Sheets with times, dates, etc. neck; the back label usually contains more RT Activity sheets BT Tickets technical information, the neck label the RT Teaching aids date of the vintage. Weight cards UF Labels, Wine Wrappers SN Cards displaying a person’s weight, usually BT Bottle labels SN Paper and other packaging materials from weighing machines; they were offered NT Back labels intended to wrap around a product. originally by weighing machine owners, later RT Neck labels Normally containing information and/or produced automatically by the machines. advertising. May be fastened in various BT Cards Wine lists ways. Also used to describe the temporary RT Record cards SN Lists of wines available from restaurants. covers of some publications issued in parts. For lists of wines from retailers use (Hist) Welfare notices Catalogues. BT Packaging USE Health and safety notices BT Lists NT Book jackets RT Menus NT Cuban wrappers What’s on guides NT Food wrappers USE Entertainment guides Winkle bags NT Gum wrappers SN Paper bags printed with winkle stallholders’ NT Pin wrappers name and sometimes doggerel verse. (Hist) NT Postal wrappers BT Paper bags NT Razor-blade wrappers 68 | Wrappers, Book

NT Tax wrappers RT Letters RT Bags RT Lettersheets RT Envelopes RT Notelets RT Tobacco packaging RT Postal lettersheets RT Wrapping paper RT Writing blanks

Wrappers, Book Writing tablets USE Book jackets SN Very thin sheets of wood that can be written on, either through a wax coating Wrappers, Cigar box (stylus tablets) or in ink (leaf tablets). (Hist) USE Cigar box labels NT Stylus tablets RT Magic slates Wrappers, Dust USE Book jackets

Wrapping paper SN Strong brown paper for wrapping parcels. For decorative paper for wrapping gifts use Gift wraps. For wrapping paper intended specifically for food (i.e. greaseproof, or Y labelled as such) use Food wrappers. BT Paper types NT Food wrappers Year planners RT Gift wraps SN Calendars presented as a single sheet, often RT Provision papers for mounting on a wall, and usually to share RT Wrappers information in the workplace. Wreath cards BT Calendars RT Almanacs SN Cards accompanying funeral wreaths or RT Wallcharts flowers carrying a message from the donor. UF Cards, Wreath BT Florists’ cards BT Funeral stationery

Wreck covers SN Envelopes that have been recovered from a wreck; indicated by official handstamps or handwritten messages. Z UF Covers, Wreck BT Postal covers RT Postal cachets Zeppelin stamps USE Special issue stamps Writing blanks SN Published between about 1660 and 1900, Zines also known as school pieces or Christmas SN Alternative magazines, usually protest pieces, these were single sheets issued by magazines, produced using low level printsellers. They were intended as a form of technology; not distributed through sampler, the child filling in the blank space commercial channels, mostly focussed on a in the centre of a sheet with a set piece in cause. 1960s on. her or his best penmanship. (Hist) BT Magazines UF Christmas pieces RT Fan magazines UF Letters, Scholars’ RT Protest magazines UF Scholars’ letters UF School pieces Zoetrope discs RT Music sheets SN Printed discs placed on the base of the RT Writing paper zoetrope drum. (Hist) BT Optical novelties Writing books RT Phenakistoscope discs USE Copybooks RT Zoetrope strips

Writing paper Zoetrope strips SN Paper for writing letters on. May be SN Strips of paper bearing images of figures in personalised, including name, monogram, various stages of motion. Placed inside the address of individual or family. For drum of a Zoetrope, so that they give the headed business paper use Letterheads. illusion of motion when the drum is rotated. For prestamped lettersheets use Postal (Hist) lettersheets. BT Optical novelties UF Notepaper RT Zoetrope discs UF Personalised stationery BT Stationery NT Pictorial writing paper RT Decorative stationery RT Letterheads