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December 14, 1965 Memorandum of a Meeting of Minister Erich Mielke with Nguyen Minh Tien on 13 December 1965

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December 14, 1965 Memorandum of a Meeting of Minister Erich Mielke with Nguyen Minh Tien on 13 December 1965 Digital Archive digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org International History Declassified December 14, 1965 Memorandum of a Meeting of Minister Erich Mielke with Nguyen Minh Tien on 13 December 1965 Citation: “Memorandum of a Meeting of Minister Erich Mielke with Nguyen Minh Tien on 13 December 1965,” December 14, 1965, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, BStU, MfS Abt X 652, 31-49. Obtained for CWIHP by Martin Grossheim and translated for CWIHP by Sean O'Grady. http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/120719 Summary: The East German Minister of State Security, Erich Mielke, meets with the head of North Vietnam’s Technical Operations Sector, Nguyen Minh Tien. Tien requests the transfer of expertise from East Germany in a number of different areas, including covert photography, remote surveillance (e.g. “bugging”) and counterfeiting. Credits: This document was made possible with support from the Leon Levy Foundation. Original Language: German Contents: English Translation Berlin, on 14. December 1965 Da/Ehr 5 Copies M E M O R A N D U M Regarding a meeting of the Comrade Minister With the Vietnamese Comrades NGUYEN MINH-TIEN Director of the OTS of the MfS of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam [REDACTED] Interpreter On 13 December 1965 from 16:00 until 19:00 Comrade Nguyen Minh-Tien Our Comrade Minister has written a letter to you, that you have already received, conveying the warmest greetings to you and your family. In the letter, our Minister could not write everything that he wanted to express. Therefore, he instructed me to explain this in detail. I asked to be allowed to explain things regarding [our] situation and: + regarding the general situation + regarding the situation of the security institutions We believe that you have already heard much about Vietnam. I would like to report once more about something. Firstly, some information about the situation in South Vietnam. As you know, in 1954 our armed forces were brought out of the south and into the north in accordance with the Geneva Accords. Only the foundations of the party remained behind in order to carry on with the movement. We wished to strictly observe the Geneva Accords. However the Americans destroyed much of the foundation of the party organizations. In many areas, only 10 of 100 party organizations remain. Beyond this, they terrorized the masses very gruesomely. The masses could not forever bear such acts of terror, therefore they rose up to fight the aggressors. You see, if they lead the fight, we can then defend our own forces and organize. At first only political battles were conducted – but with political battle alone, one cannot fight against terror. The Americans, as well as their South Vietnamese lackeys, have continued to kill the people. The Americans are the advisors and they command the lackeys that carry out the orders. The advisors are based in the center as well as in the neighborhoods and districts. After completing the political battle, one moves to armed warfare. The hatred of the population is so strong that they sometimes spontaneously wage battle and therefore it is considered urgent by the Party that they take leadership into their hands. From this battle one draws the conclusion that whom fights lives and whom does not fight dies. One also draws the conclusion that with armed war one can also defend oneself with one’s own power. After that, the National Liberation Front was founded to consciously guide and lead the battle. So it was that the battle fronts were combined in South Vietnam, that is, the armed battle and the political battle – the illegal war and the legal war. In this way we could defend our fighters and eliminate the forces of the enemy. In South Vietnam, many new forms of warfare were imported, hence the political and armed groups. The political methods are mass demonstrations through which political pressure is exerted on the enemy. There are also demonstrations that many people took part in. The puppet troops also have great fear of such demonstrations. However there must be armed forces for the political battle to have a core. There are also cases where enemy tanks and type M 113 amphibious vehicles began to destroy the crops of the population. However, the population drove back these tanks and amphibious vehicles through demonstration alone. There are also cases where women with bare hands went to the solders and grabbed their weapons with their bare hands so that they could not shoot. In South Vietnam, the armed forces were established in three groups: a) Partisans and Militia; b) Local army units; c) The regular liberation army. In South Vietnam, a people’s war is breaking out. The partisan war in South Vietnam has also taken on new steps in its development. In the Soviet Union the partisan war was a tactical question, in China it was a strategic question, in South Vietnam it has taken on the form of a people’s uprising. In South Vietnam there is fighting everywhere – in the plains, in the highlands, in the country, in the cities, and in the midst of the enemy. Therefore the enemy is confused and the battle movement has developed very quickly. The American imperialists support themselves by the following three elements: a) Strategic hamlets; b) The puppet authorities; c) The puppet troops. The Americans adopted the experiences of the English. The English have built such strategic hamlets in Malaysia to fight against the communist movement. The Americans wanted to build 15,000 strategic hamlets. They have planned to attack the north after the construction of the strategic hamlets. They have calculated that when they have built only two thirds of the strategic hamlets, [the attack] would be successful. They have built 8,000 strategic hamlets in South Vietnam. However the population has begun to destroy these strategic hamlets. The Americans concentrate the population in these strategic hamlets and want thus separate them from the Army. In Malaysia the imperialists were successful in using these strategic hamlets, however in South Vietnam the imperialists have not successfully built these strategic hamlets. They were destroyed. Under the leadership of the National Liberation Front the population has already destroyed 7,000 strategic hamlets. There remain only 1,000 more, however even these do not all fight for the purposes of the imperialists. There are areas where these strategic hamlets were converted into our battle-villages. These politics with the strategic hamlets have not succeeded. In many areas the puppet authorities are not secure. They were destroyed. The puppet troops are currently on the way to destruction. Many desert and defect. The Americans are very concerned. If these troops collapse, it will give them very great difficulties. Therefore the Americans send their troops to South Vietnam to 1. occupy different strongholds; 2. raise the morale of the puppet troops; However they cannot save the puppet troops. They go further along the way to their downfall. The Americans have [taken over] many strongholds to free up the puppet troops from these strongholds to make battle against the National Liberation Front. However this cannot compensate for the destroyed troops. The American troops that were sent to South Vietnam are attacked by the Liberation Army. They have brought very modern weapons with them, however the Liberation Army has developed tactics of man against man, that is, close quarters battle. Therefore these modern weapons lose their effect. Under these circumstances the air force cannot attack, as they would strike their own troops. Therefore they have used the B 52 strategic aircraft. However, they also cannot strike the liberation troops with these, as they are always close to the enemy. Therefore they have flung their bombs onto the population and not on the troops. The liberation forces continue to further develop and the puppet troops are forced further into the ground. The Americans have fallen into much confusion in South Vietnam. They meet many contradictions and many difficulties. If they do not raise the number of American soldiers, they fear that the puppet troops will collapse, but if they raise the number of these troops, they then worry about being able to support them. Furthermore, we strike at the contradiction between the American troops and the puppet troops. A further contradiction is that if they widen the occupied area, they must spread their forces across a broader area and cannot as effectively strike back against the Liberation Army. But if they concentrate their forces, then they widen the area controlled by the Liberation Army. That is also a contradiction. One tactic of the Liberation Army is to encircle the strongholds in order to destroy the reinforcements. If the enemy does not send reinforcements to the stronghold the stronghold will be destroyed, yet if they do send reinforcements, then these [reinforcements] will be destroyed. Thereby they fall into confusion. It is very hard for the Americans to go on further, but the retreat is also difficult. They think the forces in South Vietnam are so strong only because of the aid from North Vietnam that they have received. Therefore they want to attack there, so that North-Vietnam will fear sending further aid to South Vietnam. They think that through the bombardment fewer people in South Vietnam will fight. Therefore they want to make it such that the population of North Vietnam will not help South Vietnam. They want to make the battle in South Vietnam go no further. Therefore the American imperialists have bombarded the transportation links in North Vietnam so that no more aid can be sent. They bombard our military strongholds in the North, so that our military forces will be somewhat weaker.
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