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The Stasi at Home and Abroad the Stasi at Home and Abroad Domestic Order and Foreign Intelligence

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The Stasi at Home and Abroad the Stasi at Home and Abroad Domestic Order and Foreign Intelligence Bulletin of the GHI | Supplement 9 the GHI | Supplement of Bulletin Bulletin of the German Historical Institute Supplement 9 (2014) The Stasi at Home and Abroad Stasi The The Stasi at Home and Abroad Domestic Order and Foreign Intelligence Edited by Uwe Spiekermann 1607 NEW HAMPSHIRE AVE NW WWW.GHI-DC.ORG WASHINGTON DC 20009 USA [email protected] Bulletin of the German Historical Institute Washington DC Editor: Richard F. Wetzell Supplement 9 Supplement Editor: Patricia C. Sutcliffe The Bulletin appears twice and the Supplement usually once a year; all are available free of charge and online at our website www.ghi-dc.org. To sign up for a subscription or to report an address change, please contact Ms. Susanne Fabricius at [email protected]. For general inquiries, please send an e-mail to [email protected]. German Historical Institute 1607 New Hampshire Ave NW Washington DC 20009-2562 Phone: (202) 387-3377 Fax: (202) 483-3430 Disclaimer: The views and conclusions presented in the papers published here are the authors’ own and do not necessarily represent the position of the German Historical Institute. © German Historical Institute 2014 All rights reserved ISSN 1048-9134 Cover: People storming the headquarters of the Ministry for National Security in Berlin-Lichtenfelde on January 15, 1990, to prevent any further destruction of the Stasi fi les then in progress. The poster on the wall forms an acrostic poem of the word Stasi, characterizing the activities of the organization as Schlagen (hitting), Treten (kicking), Abhören (monitoring), Spionieren (spying), and Inhaftieren (arresting). Bulletin of the German Historical Institute 52 | Supplement 9 2014 The Stasi at Home and Abroad: Domestic Order and Foreign Intelligence 3 List of Abbreviations 7 Preface and Acknowledgments CONTEXTS 11 Introduction: The Stasi and the HV A: Contemporary Research and Contemporary Resonance Uwe Spiekermann 33 The Context: America’s Relationship with the GDR Robert Gerald Livingston THE STASI AND EAST GERMAN SOCIETY 47 Participatory Repression? Refl ections on Popular Involvement with the Stasi Gary Bruce 59 The Stasi and East German Society: Some Remarks on Current Research Jens Gieseke 73 Between Myth and Reality: The Stasi Legacy in German History Konrad Jarausch THE STASI AND THE SED STATE 87 The Socialist Unity Party (SED) and the Stasi: A Complex Relationship Walter Süß 99 The Stasi and the Party: From Coordination to Alienation Jefferson Adams THE HAUPTVERWALTUNG A: INSIGHTS 115 SA-CIA-HV A: Dr. Emil Hoffmann and the “Jungle of the Secret Services” (1934-1985) Douglas Selvage 139 Aspects of Crisis and Decline of the East German Foreign Intelligence in the 1980s Georg Herbstritt THE HAUPTVERWALTUNG A AND THE KGB 151 Bruderorgane: The Soviet Origins of East German Intelligence Benjamin B. Fischer 171 Cooperation between the HV A and the KGB, 1951-1989 Paul Maddrell 2 GHI BULLETIN SUPPLEMENT 9 (2014) LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AM Active measures APN Außenpolitischer Nachrichtendienst (Foreign Political Intelligence Service, APN) BB Betriebsberichterstattung/erstatter (worker correspondence/correspondents) BBOIS Berichte des Bundesinstitutes für Ostwissenschaft liche und Internationale Studien BdiP Blätter für deutsche und internationale Politik (Magazine for German and International Politics) BfV Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz (Federal Offi ce for the Protection of the Constitution) BGS Bundesgrenzschutz (Federal Border Security) BKA Bundeskriminalamt (Federal Criminal Offi ce) BND Bundesnachrichtendienst (Federal Intelligence Service) BRD Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Federal Republic of Germany) BStU Bundesbeauft ragter für die Unterlagen des Staatssicherheitsdienstes der ehemaligen Deutschen Demokratischen Republik (Federal Commissioner for the Records of the State Security Service of the Former German Democratic Republic) BV Bezirksverwaltung (regional administration) CIA Central Intelligence Agency CIC Counterintelligence Corps COB Chief of Base CPSU Communist Party of the Soviet Union CSU Christlich-soziale Union (Christian Social Union of Bavaria) DDR Deutsche Demokratische Republik (German Democratic Republic, GDR) DIA Defense Intelligence Agency EE Eastern Europe EEC European Economic Community FCD First Chief Directorate GHI BULLETIN SUPPLEMENT 9 (2014) 3 FDJ Freie Deutsche Jugend (Free German Youth) FRG Federal Republic of Germany FSB Field Station Berlin GB Gesetzblatt (law gazette) Gestapo Geheime Staatspolizei (Secret State Police) GI Geheimer Informator (secret informant) GMS Gesellschaft licher Mitarbeiter für Sicherheit (Societal collaborator for security, informer who reported more generally to Stasi about GDR society) GRU Glavnoye Razvedivatelnoye Upravleniye (Main Intelligence Directorate of the Soviet Union) HA Hauptamt (Main offi ce) HICOG High Commission for Occupied Germany HV A Hauptverwaltung A (Main Directorate A, the foreign intelligence division of the Stasi) IIP International Institute for Peace IM Informeller Mitarbeiter (unoffi cial collaborator) IMA Inoffi zieller Mitarbeiter mit besonderen Aufgaben (unoffi cial collaborator with special tasks) IMF International Monetary Fund IMK Inoffi zieller Mitarbeiter zur Sicherung der Konspiration und des Verbindungswesens (unoffi cial collaborator for aiding conpiracy) INSCOM Intelligence and Security Command IOJ International Organization for Journalists IPN Instytut Pamięci Narodowej (Institute of National Remembrance in Poland) IPW Internationale Politik und Wirtschaft (International Politics and Economics) IRBM Intermediate-range ballistic missiles IWF Institut für wirtschaft swissenschaft liche Forschung (Institute for economics research, code name for the APN) JFK John Fitzpatrick Kennedy KGB Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti (Committee for State Security) 4 GHI BULLETIN SUPPLEMENT 9 (2014) KI Komitet Informatsii (Committee of Information) KL Kreisleitung (district administration) KoKo Kommerzielle Koordinierung KPD Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (German Communist Party) LfV Landesamt für Verfassungsschutz (State Offi ce for the Protection of the Constitution) MAD Militärischer Abschirmdienst (Military Counterintelligence) MFN Most Favored Nation MfS Ministry for State Security MGB Ministerstvo Gosudarstvennoi Bezopasnosti (Ministry of State Security) MI6 Military Intelligence Section 6 (British foreign intelligence agency) MRMB Medium-range ballistic missiles MVD Ministerstvo Vnutrennikh Del (Ministry of the Interior of the Russian Federation) NARA National Archives and Records Administration NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NKVD Narodnyy Komissariat Vnutrennikh Del (People’s Commissariat for Internal Aff airs) NPD Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands (National Democratic Party of Germany) NSA National Security Agency NVA Nationale Volksarmee (National People’s Army) NWIO New World Information Order OibE Offi zier im besonderem Einsatz (Offi cer with special tasks) OSS Offi ce of Strategic Services OV Operative-Vorgänge (Operational Procedures) PID Political-Ideological Diversion PLO Palestine Liberation Organization PRC People’s Republic of China Rabkor Rabochii korrespondent (worker correspondent) GHI BULLETIN SUPPLEMENT 9 (2014) 5 RFE Radio Free Europe RG Record Group RGW Rat für gegenseitige Wirtschaft shilfe (Council for Mutual Economic Assistance) RIAS Radio in the American Sector RL Radio Liberty RoHo Rosenholz fi les RYaN Raketno-Yadernoe Napadenie (Russian acronym for Nuclear Missile Attack) S&TI Scientifi c and technological intelligence SA Sturmabteilung (Assault Division) SD Sicherheitsdienst (Security Service) SdM Sekretariat des Ministers (Secretariat of the Minister) SED Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (Socialist Unity Party) SG Sicherungsgruppe (Security group) SIRA System zur Informationsrecherche der HV A (Strategic Information Research Analysis database of the HV A) SS Schutzstaff el (Protection Squadron) Stasi Ministerium für Staatssicherheit (Ministry for State Security) SvZ Studien von Zeitfragen (Studies of Contemporary Questions) SWT Sektor Wissenschaft und Technik (Sector for Science and Technology) Tb Tonband (audiotape) VA Volksarmee (People’s Army) VEB Volkseigener Betrieb (Publicly owned operation, the principle form of industrial enterprise in the GDR) UfG Untersuchungsausschuss freiheitlicher Juristen (Independent Jurists’ Investigative Committee) ZAIG Zentrale Auswertungs- und Informationsgruppe (Central Evaluation and Information Group) ZK Zentralkomitee (Central Committee of the SED) 6 GHI BULLETIN SUPPLEMENT 9 (2014) PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This volume is the fi nal outcome of a cooperative eff ort between the Woodrow Wilson Center’s Cold War International History Project and the German Historical Institute, Washington, DC, which led to a workshop in April 2010. The main credit for this common endeavor goes to Robert Gerald Livingston. He suggested an event on the history of the GDR’s foreign intelligence service. Due to the oft en quite sensational nature of debates about espionage both among the public and in some scholarship, we decided aft er some internal discussion to integrate this topic into both the history of the Stasi and the history of the GDR. The workshop’s program resulted from engaged discussions among the four conveners, Robert Gerald Livingston, Christian Ostermann, Mircea Munteanu (both from the Woodrow Wilson Center’s Cold War International History Project), and the editor, as well as Benjamin B. Fischer. I am very grateful to the Woodrow Wilson Center, namely, to Christian Ostermann,
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