John O. Koehler Papers
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The Victims at the Berlin Wall, 1961-1989 by Hans-Hermann Hertle/Maria Nooke August 2011
Special CWIHP Research Report The Victims at the Berlin Wall, 1961-1989 By Hans-Hermann Hertle/Maria Nooke August 2011 Forty-four years after the Berlin Wall was built and 15 years after the East German archives were opened, reliable data on the number of people killed at the Wall were still lacking. Depending on the sources, purpose, and date of the studies, the figures varied between 78 (Central Registry of State Judicial Administrations in Salzgitter), 86 (Berlin Public Prosecution Service), 92 (Berlin Police President), 122 (Central Investigation Office for Government and Unification Criminality), and more than 200 deaths (Working Group 13 August). The names of many of the victims, their biographies and the circumstances in which they died were widely unknown.1 This special CWIHP report summarizes the findings of a research project by the Center for Research on Contemporary History Potsdam and the Berlin Wall Memorial Site and Documentation Center which sought to establish the number and identities of the individuals who died at the Berlin Wall between 1961 and 1989 and to document their lives and deaths through historical and biographical research.2 Definition In order to provide reliable figures, the project had to begin by developing clear criteria and a definition of what individuals are to be considered victims at the Berlin Wall. We regard the “provable causal and spatial connection of a death with an attempted escape or a direct or indirect cause or lack of action by the ‘border organs’ in the border territory” as the critical factor. In simpler terms: the criteria are either an attempted escape or a temporal and spatial link between the death and the border regime. -
Überseehafen Rostock: East Germany’S Window to the World Under Stasi Watch, 1961-1989
Tomasz Blusiewicz Überseehafen Rostock: East Germany’s Window to the World under Stasi Watch, 1961-1989 Draft: Please do not cite Dear colleagues, Thank you for your interest in my dissertation chapter. Please see my dissertation outline to get a sense of how it is going to fit within the larger project, which also includes Poland and the Soviet Union, if you're curious. This is of course early work in progress. I apologize in advance for the chapter's messy character, sloppy editing, typos, errors, provisional footnotes, etc,. Still, I hope I've managed to reanimate my prose to an edible condition. I am looking forward to hearing your thoughts. Tomasz I. Introduction Alexander Schalck-Golodkowski, a Stasi Oberst in besonderen Einsatz , a colonel in special capacity, passed away on June 21, 2015. He was 83 years old. Schalck -- as he was usually called by his subordinates -- spent most of the last quarter-century in an insulated Bavarian mountain retreat, his career being all over three weeks after the fall of the Wall. But his death did not pass unnoticed. All major German evening TV news services marked his death, most with a few minutes of extended commentary. The most popular one, Tagesschau , painted a picture of his life in colors appropriately dark for one of the most influential and enigmatic figures of the Honecker regime. True, Mielke or Honecker usually had the last word, yet Schalck's aura of power appears unparalleled precisely because the strings he pulled remained almost always behind the scenes. "One never saw his face at the time. -
Conspiracy of Peace: the Cold War, the International Peace Movement, and the Soviet Peace Campaign, 1946-1956
The London School of Economics and Political Science Conspiracy of Peace: The Cold War, the International Peace Movement, and the Soviet Peace Campaign, 1946-1956 Vladimir Dobrenko A thesis submitted to the Department of International History of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, October 2015 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 90,957 words. Statement of conjoint work I can confirm that my thesis was copy edited for conventions of language, spelling and grammar by John Clifton of www.proofreading247.co.uk/ I have followed the Chicago Manual of Style, 16th edition, for referencing. 2 Abstract This thesis deals with the Soviet Union’s Peace Campaign during the first decade of the Cold War as it sought to establish the Iron Curtain. The thesis focuses on the primary institutions engaged in the Peace Campaign: the World Peace Council and the Soviet Peace Committee. -
Interview with J.D. Bindenagel
Library of Congress Interview with J.D. Bindenagel The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project AMBASSADOR J.D. BINDENAGEL Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview date: February 3, 1998 Copyright 2002 ADST Q: Today is February 3, 1998. The interview is with J.D. Bindenagel. This is being done on behalf of The Association for Diplomatic Studies. I am Charles Stuart Kennedy. J.D. and I are old friends. We are going to include your biographic sketch that you included at the beginning, which is really quite full and it will be very useful. I have a couple of questions to begin. While you were in high school, what was your interest in foreign affairs per se? I know you were talking politics with Mr. Frank Humphrey, Senator Hubert Humphrey's brother, at the Humphrey Drugstore in Huron, South Dakota, and all that, but how about foreign affairs? BINDENAGEL: I grew up in Huron, South Dakota and foreign affairs in South Dakota really focused on our home town politician Senator and Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey. Frank, Hubert Humphrey's brother, was our connection to Washington, DC, and the center of American politics. We followed Hubert's every move as Senator and Vice President; he of course was very active in foreign policy, and the issues that concerned South Dakota's farmers were important to us. Most of farmers' interests were in their wheat sales, and when we discussed what was happening with wheat you always had to talk about the Russians, who were buying South Dakota wheat. -
Schießbefehl and the Issues of Retroactivity Within the East German Border Guard Trials Keegan Mcmurry Western Oregon University, [email protected]
Western Oregon University Digital Commons@WOU Student Theses, Papers and Projects (History) Department of History 2018 Schießbefehl and the Issues of Retroactivity Within the East German Border Guard Trials Keegan McMurry Western Oregon University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wou.edu/his Part of the Diplomatic History Commons, European History Commons, Legal Commons, and the Political History Commons Recommended Citation McMurry, Keegan, "Schießbefehl and the Issues of Retroactivity Within the East German Border Guard Trials" (2018). Student Theses, Papers and Projects (History). 264. https://digitalcommons.wou.edu/his/264 This Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of History at Digital Commons@WOU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Student Theses, Papers and Projects (History) by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@WOU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Schießbefehl1 and the Issues of Retroactivity Within the East German Border Guard Trials Keegan J. McMurry History 499: Senior Seminar June 5, 2018 1 On February 5th, 1989, 20-year old Chris Gueffroy and his companion, Christian Gaudin, were running for their lives. Tired of the poor conditions in the German Democratic Republic and hoping to find better in West Germany, they intended to climb the Berlin Wall that separated East and West Berlin using a ladder. A newspaper account states that despite both verbal warnings and warning shots, both young men continued to try and climb the wall until the border guards opened fire directly at them. Mr. Gaudin survived the experience after being shot, however, Mr. -
On the Origin and Composition of the German East-West Population Gap
DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES IZA DP No. 12031 On the Origin and Composition of the German East-West Population Gap Christoph Eder Martin Halla DECEMBER 2018 DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES IZA DP No. 12031 On the Origin and Composition of the German East-West Population Gap Christoph Eder Johannes Kepler University Linz Martin Halla Johannes Kepler University Linz, CD-Lab Aging, Health, and the Labor Market, IZA and Austrian Public Health Institute DECEMBER 2018 Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but IZA takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The IZA Institute of Labor Economics is an independent economic research institute that conducts research in labor economics and offers evidence-based policy advice on labor market issues. Supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation, IZA runs the world’s largest network of economists, whose research aims to provide answers to the global labor market challenges of our time. Our key objective is to build bridges between academic research, policymakers and society. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. IZA – Institute of Labor Economics Schaumburg-Lippe-Straße 5–9 Phone: +49-228-3894-0 53113 Bonn, Germany Email: [email protected] www.iza.org IZA DP No. 12031 DECEMBER 2018 ABSTRACT On the Origin and Composition of the German East-West Population Gap* The East-West gap in the German population is believed to originate from migrants escaping the socialist regime in the German Democratic Republic (GDR). -
Confronting the Holocaust in Philip Kerr's Bernie Gunther Novels
ATLANTIS Journal of the Spanish Association of Anglo-American Studies 38.1 (June 2016): 89-107 issn 0210-6124 “But What’s One More Murder?” Confronting the Holocaust in Philip Kerr’s Bernie Gunther Novels Anthony Lake Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates [email protected] Philip Kerr’s Bernie Gunther series of Nazi Germany-set historical crime novels use irony in the exploration of themes of complicity, guilt and redemption in relation to the Holocaust. The use of irony enables Kerr’s protagonist Bernie Gunther to confront and describe the Holocaust and establish his sense of selfhood as an anti-Nazi. However, it does not empower him to resist the Nazis actively. Bernie seeks to confront the Holocaust and describe his experiences as an unwilling Holocaust perpetrator when he led an SS police battalion at Minsk in 1941. Later, his feelings of guilt at his complicity with the Nazis in the Holocaust haunt him, and he seeks redemption by pursuing justice to solve conventional murders. The redemption that Bernie Gunther pursues is called into question in the ninth novel in the series, A Man Without Breath (2013), when the possibility of active resistance to the Nazis is revealed to him when he witnesses the Rosenstrasse Protests in Berlin in 1943. This revelation raises the questions of agency and choice, and forces an ordinary German like Bernie Gunther to confront the possibility that he might have actively opposed the Nazis, rather than allow himself to become their accomplice. Keywords: detective fiction; Holocaust; Philip Kerr; irony; guilt; redemption . “¿Qué supone un asesinato más?” Afrontando el Holocausto en las novelas de Philip Kerr sobre Bernie Gunther En las novelas policiacas de Philip Kerr sobre Bernie Gunther, ambientadas en la Alemania Nazi, el autor recurre con frecuencia a la ironía para explorar temas como la complicidad, la culpa o la redención en relación con el Holocausto. -
No. 589, December 3, 1993
25«1: No.S89 3 December 1993 After NAFTA, Clinton Strongarms Japan, Europe Wilson/NY Times Clinton and leaders of Pacific Rim countries meeting in Seattle at "Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation" forum. U.S. wants to use spectre of Pacific "free trade" as club against European imperialist rivals. u.s. Gears UP lor Trade War Hours after the North American Free Workers marched with red flags to protest ernment. The international airport at that the major unions in Belgium have Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was passed a three-year freeze on real wages and Brussels was shut down by pickets who called a general strike. by the U.S. Congress on November 17 massive cuts in social security decreed put up flaming barricades on the access • Spain: On November 25, hundreds by an unexpectedly wide margin, Presi by the Christian Democrat/Socialist gov- roads. This is the first time since 1936 of thousands of workers demonstrated dent Clinton shuttled off to Seattle where across Spain against "Socialist" prime he had convoked a meeting of the heads minister Felipe Gonzalez' proposed labor of government of the Pacific Rim coun law "reform" which would make it easier tries. The purpose: to use his NAFTA to fire workers at a time when official "win" to extract trade concessions from unemployment is almost 23 percent. The the Asian leaders, to be used in turn as workers' demonstrations, supported by a battering ram against the Europeans. students and community organizations, The aim of Clinton's pact with Canada were called by the Socialist Party-led and Mexico is to reinforce the American General Workers Union and the Work bourgeoisie's economic muscle against ers Commissions as a dry run for a its imperialist trade rivals by creating a general strike. -
Bstu / State Security. a Reader on the GDR
Daniela Münkel (ed.) STATE SECURITY A READER ON THE GDR SECRET POLICE Daniela Münkel (ed.) STATE SECURITY A READER ON THE GDR SECRET POLICE Imprint Federal Commissioner for the Records of the State Security Service of the former German Democratic Republic Department of Education and Research 10106 Berlin [email protected] Photo editing: Heike Brusendorf, Roger Engelmann, Bernd Florath, Daniela Münkel, Christin Schwarz Layout: Pralle Sonne Originally published under title: Daniela Münkel (Hg.): Staatssicherheit. Ein Lesebuch zur DDR-Geheimpolizei. Berlin 2015 Translation: Miriamne Fields, Berlin A READER The opinions expressed in this publication reflect solely the views of the authors. Print and media use are permitted ON THE GDR SECRET POLICE only when the author and source are named and copyright law is respected. token fee: 5 euro 2nd edition, Berlin 2018 ISBN 978-3-946572-43-5 6 STATE SECURITY. A READER ON THE GDR SECRET POLICE CONTENTS 7 Contents 8 Roland Jahn 104 Arno Polzin Preface Postal Inspection, Telephone Surveillance and Signal Intelligence 10 Helge Heidemeyer The Ministry for State Security and its Relationship 113 Roger Engelmann to the SED The State Security and Criminal Justice 20 Daniela Münkel 122 Tobias Wunschik The Ministers for State Security Prisons in the GDR 29 Jens Gieseke 130 Daniela Münkel What did it Mean to be a Chekist? The State Security and the Border 40 Bernd Florath 139 Georg Herbstritt, Elke Stadelmann-Wenz The Unofficial Collaborators Work in the West 52 Christian Halbrock 152 Roger Engelmann -
Criminal Law II
Criminal Law II Teaching Material Prepared by: Mrs. Glory Nirmala. k & Mr. Amha Mekonnen Prepared under the Sponsorship of the Justice and Legal System Research Institute 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS UNIT-I CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY ……………………………………………………. 1 Section. 1. Criminal Responsibility and Irresponsibility …………………………… 5 1.1. Absolute Irresponsibility ………………………………………………………… 6 1.1.1. Insanity …………………………………………………………………… 7 1.1.2. Proving Insanity ……………………………………………………………... 13 1.1.3. Legal Effects of Criminal Irresponsibility ………………………………….. 14 1.2. Limited Responsibility: Art. 49 …………………………………………………… 15 1.2.1. Characteristics of Limited Responsibility ……………………………………. 16 1.2.2. Legal Effects of Limited Responsibility ……………………………………… 17 Section.2. Intoxication-Intentional or Culpable Irresponsibility: Art. 50 ………… 18 2.1. Voluntary and Involuntary Intoxication …………………………………………... 19 2.1.1. Doubtful Cases ……………………………………………………………….. 25 2.1.2. The Relation between the Court and the Medical Expert ……………………. 27 Section. 3. Infancy/Immaturity: Art. 52 ……………………………………………... 29 3.1. Infancy under Ethiopian Law …………………………………………………… 31 3.1.2. Classification of Young offenders under the Code …………………………. 32 3.1.2.1. Infancy …………………………………………………………………... 32 3.1.2.2. Young Persons …………………………………………………………… 33 3.1.2.3. Transitory Age …………………………………………………………… 35 3.2. Special Provisions Applicable to Young Persons ……………………………… 35 3.3. Reasons for Young Persons Criminal Liability …………………………………. 36 3.4 Assessment of Sentence in case of Young offenders ……………………………. 36 -
Bridge of Spies
BRIDGE OF SPIES by Matt Charman and Ethan Coen & Joel Coen Final Shooting Script 12.17.14 12.17.14 FINAL SHOOTING SCRIPT 1. TITLE OVER BLACK: 1957. The height of the Cold War. The United States and the Soviet Union fear each other’s nuclear capabilities - and intentions. Both sides deploy spies - and hunt for them. INSPIRED BY TRUE EVENTS CLOSE ON AN ELDERLY MAN Reflected in a grimy mirror. The mirror is propped up on a chair next to an open window looking out from the fourth floor onto a Brooklyn skyline. Pull back to show the man sitting in a shabby workshop/studio. He looks from the mirror down at a canvas in front of him as he daubs paint onto a self-portrait. The telephone rings. The old man rests his brush on the easel and walks to a table cluttered with papers and shortwave radios. He picks up the phone and listens but doesn’t say anything. FULTON STREET The old man, Rudolf Abel, emerges from the building, walks along the street. TITLE: BROOKLYN An Agent follows Abel. SUBWAY TRAIN INTERIOR The Agent watches Abel as the train stops at Broad Street. The Agent, now joined by a second Agent, follows him at a distance. Abel dabs at his nose with a handkerchief. The agents lose him in the crush of commuters. They emerge from the station and consult two other Agents. No sign of Abel. First Agent heads back down the stair, smashing BANG right into Abel, who’s coming up the stairs. Abel looks up, surprised. -
February 10, 1966 Note on a Meeting of Minister Erich Mielke with Nguyen Minh Tien on 1 February 1966
Digital Archive digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org International History Declassified February 10, 1966 Note on a Meeting of Minister Erich Mielke with Nguyen Minh Tien on 1 February 1966 Citation: “Note on a Meeting of Minister Erich Mielke with Nguyen Minh Tien on 1 February 1966,” February 10, 1966, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, BStU, MfS Abt X 652, 50-63. Obtained and translated for CWIHP by Martin Grossheim. http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/120720 Summary: Notes from a 1966 meeting between Erich Mielke, Nguyen Minh Tien, and several other East German officials. Tien summarizes the results of recent East German/North Vietnam collaboration, including laying the groundwork for the establishment of a Technical Operations Department in North Vietnam and makes several requests, including assistance with training of cadres. Mielke expresses East Germany’s intent to help North Vietnam, indicates that East Germany will buy advanced technology for North Vietnam, and proposes sending OTS (Operational-Technical Sector) and other specialists to Vietnam to learn more about the conflict. Credits: This document was made possible with support from the Leon Levy Foundation. Original Language: German Contents: English Translation Berlin, 10 February 1966 5 Copies Note on a Meeting of Comrade Minister with the Vietnamese comrades on 1 February 1966 from 15:00 until 17:00. Participants: Comrade Minister [Mielke] Comrade Lieutenant General BEATER [1] Comrade Lieutenant General WOLF [2] Comrade Lieutenant Colonel SCHMIDT [3] Comrade Captain HANEWALD [4] Comrade Lieutenant Colonel DAMM [5] Comrade TIEN: Please allow me to report on the results of my mission. Comrade Minister: You don’t have to report to me, you have to report to your [own] Minister.