Marija Ljuština
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Modelling Obsidian Trade Routes During Late Neolithic in the South-East Banat Region of Vr[Ac Using Gis*
MIROSLAV MARI] Institute for Balkan Studies, Serbian Academy of Science and Arts, Belgrade MODELLING OBSIDIAN TRADE ROUTES DURING LATE NEOLITHIC IN THE SOUTH-EAST BANAT REGION OF VR[AC USING GIS* UDK: 903.3"634"(497.11) ; 903.03"634"(497.11) e-mail: [email protected] 903"63":528.856(497.11) Received: February 10, 2015 DOI: 10.2298/STA1565037M Accepted: May 29, 2015 Original research article Abstract. – The aim of this paper is to reconstruct the possible trajectory of the movement of the obsidian that was brought to the region of present day Vr{ac from Carpathian 1 and Carpathian 2 sources, located between Ko{ice and Mi{kolc (the present day border area between Hungary and Slovakia). This objective has been fulfilled using computer aided modelling performed within the constraints of geographic information system software based on the physical characteristics of the terrain and the reconstruction of paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic conditions in the period of the late Neolithic. The second largest obsidian collection in the territory of Vin~a culture originates from the site of Potporanj, south of Vr{ac. The abundance of finds indicates the importance this region had in the distribution of this resource during late Neolithic. In the paper the modelling of two different possibilities of land based distribution from the flow of the river Tisza are shown; the first from Perlez/Opovo (western route) and the other from Mureº (northern route), i.e. present day Arad and Timiºoara. The modelled results indicate the existence of a settlement patterning close to the modelled pathways in the period of Vin~a culture. -
Bronze Age Tell Communities in Context: an Exploration Into Culture
Bronze Age Tell Kienlin This study challenges current modelling of Bronze Age tell communities in the Carpathian Basin in terms of the evolution of functionally-differentiated, hierarchical or ‘proto-urban’ society Communities in Context under the influence of Mediterranean palatial centres. It is argued that the narrative strategies employed in mainstream theorising of the ‘Bronze Age’ in terms of inevitable social ‘progress’ sets up an artificial dichotomy with earlier Neolithic groups. The result is a reductionist vision An exploration into culture, society, of the Bronze Age past which denies continuity evident in many aspects of life and reduces our understanding of European Bronze Age communities to some weak reflection of foreign-derived and the study of social types – be they notorious Hawaiian chiefdoms or Mycenaean palatial rule. In order to justify this view, this study looks broadly in two directions: temporal and spatial. First, it is asked European prehistory – Part 1 how Late Neolithic tell sites of the Carpathian Basin compare to Bronze Age ones, and if we are entitled to assume structural difference or rather ‘progress’ between both epochs. Second, it is examined if a Mediterranean ‘centre’ in any way can contribute to our understanding of Bronze Age tell communities on the ‘periphery’. It is argued that current Neo-Diffusionism has us essentialise from much richer and diverse evidence of past social and cultural realities. Tobias L. Kienlin Instead, archaeology is called on to contribute to an understanding of the historically specific expressions of the human condition and human agency, not to reduce past lives to abstract stages on the teleological ladder of social evolution. -
Average Annual Daily Traffic - Aadt in 2019
NETWORK OF IB CATEGORY STATE ROADS IN REPUBLIC OF SERBIA AVERAGE ANNUAL DAILY TRAFFIC - AADT IN 2019 Section Section A A D T No S e c t i o n length Remark Mark (km) PC BUS LT MT HT TT Total Road Number: 10 1 01001/01002 Beograd (štamparija) - Interchange Pančevo 5.2 22 054 250 444 556 450 1 696 25 450 INT 2 01003/01004 Interchange Pančevo - Border APV (Pančevo) 3.0 12 372 70 278 384 196 1 389 14 689 PTR 2077/78 3 01005/01006 Border APV (Pančevo) - Pančevo (Kovin) 4.9 12 372 70 278 384 196 1 389 14 689 INT 4 01007/01008 Pančevo (Kovin) - Pančevo (Kovačica) 1.3 5 697 78 131 138 60 471 6 575 INT 5 01009 Pančevo (Kovačica) - Alibunar (Plandište) 31.8 4 668 79 108 100 39 329 5 323 PTR 2009 6 01010 Alibunar (Plandište) - Ban. Karlovac (Alibunar) 5.2 2 745 27 70 66 25 229 3 162 PTR 2033 7 01011 Ban. Karlovac (Alibunar) - B.Karlovac (Dev. Bunar) 0.3 no data - section passing through populated area 8 01012 Banatski Karlovac (Devojački Bunar) - Uljma 11.6 3 464 78 83 70 30 237 3 962 PTR 2035 9 01013 Uljma - Vršac (Plandište) 14.9 4 518 66 92 55 33 185 4 949 INT 10 01014 Vršac (Plandište) - Vršac (Straža) 0.7 no data - section passing through populated area 11 01015 Vršac (Straža) - Border SRB/RUM (Vatin) 12.5 1 227 11 14 6 4 162 1 424 PTR 2006 Road Number: 11 91.5 12 01101N Border MAĐ/SRB (Kelebija) - Subotica (Sombor) 12.8 undeveloped section in 2019 13 01102N Subotica (Sombor) - Subotica (B.Topola) 4.9 1 762 23 46 29 29 109 1 998 PTR 14 01103N Subotica (B.Topola) - Interchange Subotica South 6.0 2 050 35 50 35 35 140 2 345 INT 23.7 Road 11 route -
Puni Tekst: Engleski, Pdf (497
Nives Majnarić-Pandžić BRONčANO I ŽELJEZNO DOBA OBRAĐIVANO U čASOPISU OPUSCULA ARCHAEOLOGICA THE BRONZE AND IRON AGES AS COVERED IN THE JOURNAL OPUSCULA ARCHAEOLOGICA Pregledni članak / Review article Nives MajnarićPandžić UDK: 903(497.5)”637” Odsjek za arheologiju 903(497.5)”638” Filozofski fakultet Primljeno / Received: 29. 01. 2007. Sveučilište u Zagrebu Prihvaćeno / Accepted: 10. 02. 2007. Ivana Lučića 3 HR–10000 ZAGREB U članku se navode studije, rasprave i članci koje su This article cites the studies, deliberations and arti- razni autori objavljivali tijekom pola stoljeća postoja- cles by various authors published over the past fifty nja časopisa Opuscula archaeologica (1–29). Nadalje years in the journal Opuscula archaeologica (1–29). se spominje i opći doprinos poznavanju brončanoga It furthermore mentions the general contribution to i željeznoga doba u kontinentalnoj Hrvatskoj postig- the understanding of the Bronze and Iron Ages in nut radom i objavama suradnika ovoga časopisa. U continental Croatia made by the work and publica- njemu su u daleko manjoj mjeri objavljivani radovi s tions of the contributors to this journal. The journal temama iz primorske Hrvatske. had far less published articles dealing with themes from coastal Croatia. Ključne riječi: brončano i željezno doba u časopisu Opus cula archaeologica, kontinentalna Hrvatska, doprinos Key words: Bronze and Iron Age in the journal Opus- pojedinih autora, znanstveni projekti Zavoda i Odsjeka cula archaeologica, continental Croatia, contribution za arheologiju of individual authors, research projects of the Ar- chaeology Institute and Department. Objavljena prapovijesna istraživanja u Hrvatskoj i Published research on prehistory in Croatia and njihovi rezultati nakon Drugoga svjetskog rata do its results after the Second World War have so far sada, nažalost, nisu sustavno sabrani. -
Placer Tin Ores from Mt. Cer, West Serbia, and Their Potential Exploitation During the Bronze Age
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/264499384 Placer Tin Ores from Mt. Cer, West Serbia, and Their Potential Exploitation during the Bronze Age ARTICLE in GEOARCHAEOLOGY · NOVEMBER 2014 Impact Factor: 1.77 · DOI: 10.1002/gea.21488 READS 47 7 AUTHORS, INCLUDING: Andrea Huska Wayne Powell City University of New York - Brooklyn College City University of New York - Brooklyn College 1 PUBLICATION 0 CITATIONS 22 PUBLICATIONS 253 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, Available from: Wayne Powell letting you access and read them immediately. Retrieved on: 10 December 2015 Research Article Placer Tin Ores from Mt. Cer, West Serbia, and Their Potential Exploitation during the Bronze Age A. Huska,1,2,* W. Powell,1,2 S. Mitrovic,´ 3 H. A. Bankoff,3 A. Bulatovic,´ 4 V. Filipovic,´ 4 and R. Boger1,2 1Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 2Earth and Environmental Sciences Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 3Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 4Arheoloskiˇ Institut, Srpska Akademija Nauka i Umetnosti, Belgrade, Serbia Correspondence Tin is a rare metal that is essential for making bronze, the defining technology *Corresponding author; E-mail: of the Bronze Age. The source(s) of tin for Aegean bronze is undetermined [email protected]; but several small Bronze Age tin mines have been documented in the circum- [email protected] Aegean region. -
Bronze Age Amber in Western and Central Balkans Bronastodobni
Arheološki vestnik 71, 2020, 133–172; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3986/AV.71.03 133 Bronze Age amber in Western and Central Balkans Bronastodobni jantar na zahodnem in srednjem Balkanu Mateusz CWALIŃSKI Izvleček V članku se avtor ukvarja s problematiko dotoka jantarja na zahodni in srednji Balkan v času bronaste dobe (natanč- neje okoli 1600–900 pr. n. št.) ter njegovim kroženjem med regijami tega območja. Razpoložljivi podatki, povezani s to temo, so bili analizirani z uporabo različnih računskih metod. Predhodno tipološko opredeljene jantarne jagode kažejo kronološke razlike, kar omogoča delitev na dva glavna sklopa, ki ju je mogoče pripisati srednji in mlajši oz. pozni bro- nasti dobi. Nekatere oblike so v uporabi v obeh obdobjih. Za številne tipe je značilen omejen obseg razprostranjenosti, ki verjetno govori za lokalno proizvodnjo. Tipe jantarnih jagod avtor primerja tudi z jantarnimi izdelki s sosednjih ob- močij z jantarjem. Izbrani predmeti, ki se pojavljajo skupaj z jantarjem, dodatno osvetljujejo notranjo dinamiko kroženja jantarja in kažejo na potencialne udeležence izmenjave. Ključne besede: Balkan; bronasta doba; jantar; nakit; menjava; trgovina; analiza stikov; analiza mrež Abstract The paper touches upon the issue of amber inflow to Western and Central Balkans, and its circulation between in- dividual regions situated in this zone, during the Bronze Age (more specifically around 1600–900 BC). By using several computational methods, currently available data related to this topic is re-analysed. Previously distinguished types of amber beads show chronological differentiation that allows separating them into two major assemblages assignable to the Middle and Late Bronze Age respectively, with some forms having a prolonged use, overlapping both periods. -
MONITORING ARSENA U VODI BUNARA ZA VODOSNABDEVANJE STANOVNIŠTVA NA PODRUČJU JUŽNOG BANATA (Decembar 2008)
MONITORING ARSENA U VODI BUNARA ZA VODOSNABDEVANJE STANOVNIŠTVA NA PODRUČJU JUŽNOG BANATA (decembar 2008) Analiza sadržaja arsena u podzemnoj vodi je vršena u bunarima za vodosnabdevanje stanovništva na teritoriji Južnog Banata (ukupno 228 bunara). Analizu je vršio Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, Departman za hemiju, Katedra za hemijsku tehnologiju i zaštitu životne sredine. Uzorkovanje vode iz bunara je izvršeno u skladu sa „Pravilnikom o načinu uzimanja uzoraka i metodama za laboratorijsku analizu vode za piće“, Sl. List SFRJ br. 33/87. Za određivanje sadržaja As primenjena je grafitna tehnika na atomskom apsorpcionom spektrofotometru (Perkin Elmer Analyst 700). Praktična granica kvantitacije (eng. Practical Quantitation Limits, PQL) metode je 0,50 μg/l. ARSEN- poreklo u vodi za piće i toksikološki uticaj Sva jedinjenja arsena su toksična. U zemljinoj kori je zastupljen u obliku svojih minerala, od kojh je najzastupljeniji arsenopirit. Arsen dospeva do podzemnih i površinskih voda prirodnim procesima rastvaranja minerala, usled biološke aktivnosti, erozionim procesima i sl. U Evropi, problem arsena je najveći u Mađarskoj, Srbiji (Vojvodina) i Hrvatskoj. Veliki deo Vojvodine sadrži neprihvatljivo visoku koncentraciju arsena u vodi za piće (MDK 10 μgAs/l prema Pravilniku o higijenskoj ispravnosti vode za piće, Sl. list SRJ, 42/98). Pojava arsena u podzemnim vodama zavisi od hidrogeoloških i hemijskih faktora (starost akvifera, brzine protoka vode u akviferu, pH vrednosti i redoks potencijala sistema). Takođe, prisustvo arsena u prirodnim vodama može biti i posledica antropogenog uticaja. Jedinjenja arsena se upotrebljavaju u medicini, pri preradi kože i krzna, u proizvodnji stakla, porcelana, kao pigment u proizvodnji vatrometa i farbi i sl. Najznačajnija oblast njegove primene je u poljoprivredi, gde razni derivati arsena ulaze u sastav pesticida, a pored toga se još koristi i u farmaceutskoj, drvnoj i rudarskoj industriji. -
Studia Archaeologica 34 2020
ZIRIDAVA STUDIA ARCHAEOLOGICA 34 2020 MUSEUM ARAD ZIRIDAVA STUDIA ARCHAEOLOGICA 34 2020 Editura MEGA Cluj‑Napoca 2020 MUSEUM ARAD EDITORIAL BOARD Editor‑in‑chief: Florin Mărginean, Victor Sava. Editorial Assistants: Norbert Kapcsos. EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Vitalie Bârcă (Institute of Archaeology and Art History, Cluj‑Napoca, Romania) Adina Boroneanț (“Vasile Pârvan” Institute of Archaeology, Bucharest, Romania) Marin Cârciumaru (Valahia University of Târgovişte, Romania) Sorin Cociş (Institute of Archaeology and Art History, Cluj‑Napoca, Romania) Dragoș Diaconescu (The National Museum of Banat, Timișoara, Romania) Daria Loznjak Dizdar (Institute of Archaeology, Zagreb, Croatia) Alin Frînculeasa (Prahova County Museum of History and Archaeology, Ploiești, Romania) Erwin Gáll (“Vasile Pârvan” Institute of Archaeology, Bucharest, Romania) Florin Gogâltan (Institute of Archaeology and Art History, Cluj‑Napoca, Romania) Adrian Ioniţă (“Vasile Pârvan” Institute of Archaeology, Bucharest, Romania) Hrvoje Kalafatić (Institute of Archaeology, Zagreb, Croatia) Aleksandar Kapuran (Institute of Archaeology, Belgrade, Serbia) Rüdiger Krause (Johann Wolfgang Goethe‑Universität Frankfurt, Germany) Tobias Kienlin (Universität zu Köln, Germany) Valéria Kulcsár (University of Szeged, Hungary) Sabin Adrian Luca (Lucian Blaga University, Sibiu, Romania) Barry Molloy (University College Dublin, Ireland) Sorin Nemeti (Babeş‑Bolyai University, Romania) John O’Shea (University of Michigan, USA) Karl Zeno Pinter (Lucian Blaga University, Sibiu, Romania) Ioan Stanciu (Institute of Archaeology and Art History, Cluj‑Napoca, Romania) Imre Szatmári (Munkácsy Mihály Museum, Békéscsaba, Hungary) Miklos Takács (Institute of Archaeology of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary) Ioan Marian Țiplic (Lucian Blaga University, Sibiu, Romania) In Romania, the periodical can be obtained through subscription or exchange, sent as post shipment, from Museum Arad, Arad, Piata G. Enescu 1, 310131, Romania. -
Programme Thursday, 24 September 2014
14TH INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM OF FUNERARY ARCHAEOLOGY “Funerary Practices during the Bronze and the Iron Ages in the Central and Southeast Europe” NATIONAL MUSEUM ČAČAK (SERBIA) 24th-27th September 2015. PROGRAMME THURSDAY, 24 SEPTEMBER 2014 - 10.00-15.00 - Welcome and registration of the participants - 17.00 – Official Opening Ceremony of the 14th International Colloquium - Speakers: officials, organizers and participants - 19.00 – Dinner FRIDAY, 25 SEPTEMBER 2014 SESSION: 9.00-13.00 CHAIRPERSON:Miloš JEVTIĆ Mitja GUŠTIN (Koper - Slovenia) - RastkoVasić and his favorites Manuel FERNANDEZ-GÖTZ (University of Edinburgh - UK) -The power of the past: Ancestral cult and collective memory in the Central European Iron Age Aleksandar KAPURAN (Belgrade - Serbia), New discoveries of burial practice during the Iron Age in Eastern Serbia - 10.30-10.45. Coffee break Jan BOUZEK (Praha - Czech Rep.) - The Ring Pendants and other EIA Symbols Marija LJUŠTINA (Belgrade - Serbia), Katarina DMITROVIĆ (Čačak – Serbia)- Between Everyday Life and Eternal Rest: Middle Bronze Age in Western Morava Basin, Central Serbia 1 Miroslav LAZIĆ (Belgrade-Serbia) – Magura - la nécropole de l’âge du Bronze à Gamzigrad (Nord-est de la Serbie) Dragan JOVANOVIĆ (Vršac- Serbia) - State of Preservation of Archaeological Sites after formation of Djerdap Hydroelectric Power Plant Reservoir: a Case Study of the site Djurica. Importance of Ornamentation on the Dubovac-Žuto Brdo Culture Funerary Vessels. - Discussions • - 13.00-14.30.Lunch SESSION:15.00-19.00 CHAIRPERSON: Hrvoje POTREBICA Daria LOŽNJAK DIZDAR (Zagreb – Croatia), Petra RAJIĆ-ŠIKANJIĆ (Zagreb – Croatia) - Funerary Practices at the End of the Late Bronze Age in southern Middle Danube Region Vojislav FILIPOVIĆ (Belgrade - Serbia) - Late Bronze Age Particularities in Burial Customs in the Lower Drina Region Antoniu Tudor MARC (Deva – Romania) – Mortuary practices in the Wietenberg Culture from Transylvania - 16.30. -
Leap Dokument.Indd
1 LEAP Opštine Vršac LEAP Opštine Vršac LEAP Opštine Vršac itanje očuvanja životne sredine ima višestruku važnost. To nije samo pitanje očuvanja eko sistema, tako važnih za čoveka, ili obezbeđenja zdravlja ljudi, to je pitanje koje zadire u samu suštinu egzistencije i s toga određuje, ne samo fizički, već i psihički život svakog pojedinca, odnosno, stanje društvene zajednice. Pitanje spremnosti da pojedinac ili zajednica budu solidarni sa prirodom Ppravi je okvir za utvrđivanje spremnosti na odnose solidarnosti među ljudima u okviru zajednice ili prema drugim zajednicama, bez čega ne može biti revitalizacije društva ili, čak, civilizacije. Svaki doprinos rešavanju ekoloških problema predstavlja svojevrsnu podršku boljitku, bilo to na globalnom ili lokalnom planu. Ovakvi napori u opštini Vršac rezultirali su donošenjem značajnog dokumenta za tu oblast delovanja. Nakon više od godinu dana rada pred nama je „LOKALNI EKOLOŠKI AKCIONI PLAN“ opštine Vršac“ – dokument od izuzetne važnosti za dalji razvoj naše lokalne zajednice. U njegovom stvaranju učestvovao je ne samo tim ovog projekta, već i Radna grupa sastavljena od mnogobrojnih stručnjaka i posvećenika zaštite životne sredine. Podeljeni u šest Tehničko-stručnih timova: za vodu – koordinator Nataša Biočanin, za ekološku svest – koordinator Svetlana Radojković, za biodiverzitet – koordinator Mr Predrag Sučević, zemljište - koordinator Dr Radomir Popović, vazduh – koordinator Saša Popov i otpad i zagađujuće materije – koordinator Vladimir Vitomirović. Predan rad i ozbiljno zalaganje krasilo je većinu članova Radne grupe, koju su pored navedenih još činili: Slavica Ardeljan, Nikola Olujić, Ildiko Nemet, Biljana Stanić, Orhideja Štrbac, Željko Petrović, Todor Groza, Dragoslav Varićak, Dejan Ilanić, Dr. Biljana Jeličić, Milorad Viduljević, Slavko Radosavljev, Maja Petrović, Tamara Maksimović, Rade Mišković, Aleksandar Živković, Milica Doslop, Vasilj Milović, Čedomila Krivokapić, Jelica Rašajski, Milivoj Vučanović, Milica Vurdelja, Jovan Basta, Aleksandra Ićitović, Branislav Nedeljkov i Dimitrije Gajački. -
Programme & Abstract Book
PROGRAMME & ABSTRACT BOOK Josip Juraj Strossmayer Square 14 ORGANIZERS Darija Ložnjak Dizdar Institute of Archaeology Petra Rajić Šikanjić Institute for Anthropological Research SCIENTIFIC BOARD Marie Louise Stig Sørensen University of Cambridge Carola Metzner-Nebelsick Ludwig Maximillian University of Munich Stašo Forenbaher Institute for Anthropological Research Marko Dizdar Institute of Archaeology PROGRAMME Thursday, 9th February 2017 Keynote lecture 9.30-10.10 Louis D. Nebelsick Warsaw, Poland Sparagmos. Ritual violence as a communicative agent in Late Bronze Age Europe A view from the grave 10.10-10.30 Aleksandar Kapuran, Belgrade, Serbia Raško Ramadanski, Senta, Serbia Velebit, Tumulus culture necropolis in the southern Carpathian Basin 10.30-10.50 Vojislav Filipović, Belgrade, Serbia Belotić-type bronze pins and the phenomenon of long pins 10.50-11.10 discussions 11.10-11.40 coffee break 11.40-12.00 Katarina Dmitrović, Čačak, Serbia Late Bronze horizon in Stapari necropolis and its relation with the neighbouring areas 12.00-12.20 Szilvi Guba, Szécsény, Hungary Ändernde Riten. Untersuchungen im Pilinyer Brandgräberfeld von Zagyvapálfalva, Nordostungarn LATE BRONZE AGE MORTUARY PRACTICES AND SOCIETY IN THE CARPATHIAN BASIN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 3 12.20-12.40 Friday, 10th February 2017 Katalin Jankovits, Budapest, Hungary Die Reste des Textiliensackes aus dem spätbronzezeitlichen Hügelgrab (Bz D1) von 9.30-9.50 Jánosháza in Westtransdanubien Brina Švor Jernejčič, Berlin, Germany First cremation burials in south-eastern Alpine region. -
39 I. Introduction the Site Vinča-Belo Brdo Is Situated on The
A C T A A R LIVINGC H AWITH E oA VLIEW o OF G CARPATHIAN I C A C BASIN...A R P A T H I C 39A VoL. LII, 2017 PL ISSN 0001-5229 MARIJA Ljuština LIVING WITH A VIEW OF CARPATHIAN BASIN: Vinča-BELO BRDO, SERBIA, IN THE MIDDLE BRONZE AGE ABSTRACT Marija Ljuština 2017. Living with a View of Carpathian Basin: Vinča-Belo Brdo, Serbia, in the Middle Bronze Age, AAC 52:39–63. The focus of the article is the Vatin culture settlement at the site of Vinča-Belo Brdo in Northern Serbia. The general idea is that this settlement, whose existence was relatively short in time, benefited from being established by the Danube — a great connective factor in the world of the Middle Bronze Age. It shares many characteristics with the contemporary settlements in the south- ernmost part of the Carpathian basin, starting from the position in the vicinity of the Danube, at the places which had already been settled in prehistory, prior to the Middle Bronze Age. Not only do they have pottery style in common, but the wider repertoire of finds illustrating the material culture. What’s more, comparison of the material remains from Vinča with the neighbouring sites from the left Danube bank enlightens how the Vatin culture was integrated into a wider space of the Bronze Age cultures of the Carpathian basin, influencing the Balkans hinterland, too. K e y w o r d s: Middle Bronze Age; Vatin culture; Vinča-Belo Brdo; pottery; settlement Received: 15.07.2017; Revised: 10.12.2017; Revised: 16.02.2018; Accepted: 16.02.2018 I.