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Grobovi Iz Kasnoga Bakrenog I Ranoga Brončanog Doba S Nalazišta Osijek

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Grobovi Iz Kasnoga Bakrenog I Ranoga Brončanog Doba S Nalazišta Osijek Grobovi iz kasnog bakrenog ..., VAMZ, 3. s., XLIX (2016) 59 M. KRMPOTIĆ, L. ČATAJ, P. RAJIĆ ŠIKANJIĆ, Z. PREMUŽIĆ: Hrvatski restauratorski zavod Institut za antropologiju Marijana Krmpotić GajevaPetra Rajić 32 Šikanjić HR-10 000 Zagreb HR-10 000 Zagreb Nike Grškovića 23 [email protected] [email protected] Hrvatski restauratorski zavod Institut za antropologiju Lea Čataj GajevaZrinka Premužić32 HR-10 000 Zagreb HR-10 000 Zagreb Nike Grškovića 23 [email protected] [email protected] Grobovi iz kasnoga bakrenog i ranoga brončanog doba s nalazišta Osijek – Ciglana i Zeleno polje Late Eneolithic and Early Bronze Age graves at the site Osijek–Ciglana and Zeleno polje UDK / UDC: 904:726.821(497.5 Osijek)’’636/6373’’ Izvorni znanstveni rad / Original scientific paper Tijekom zaštitnih arheoloških istraživanja During the archaeological excavations at the na nalazištu Osijek – Ciglana i Zeleno polje site Osijek–Ciglana and Zeleno polje in 2015, 2015. godine pronađeni su ostaci višeslojnog the remains of a multi-layered settlement were naselja. Izdvaja se nalaz četiriju kosturnih found. Finds of four skeletal graves stand out, grobova, od kojih se jedan nalazio izdvoje- with one grave found isolated on the north- no na sjevernome dijelu istražene površine, ern part of the excavated area, while the other a preostala su tri grupirana 260 m južnije. three were grouped some 260 m to the south. Svi su pokojnici bili pokopani u zgrčenom All the bodies were laid in a crouched position položaju na boku. S obzirom na činjenicu da on their side. Since no grave goods or parts of u grobovima nisu nađeni prilozi ni dijelovi garment were registered in the graves and nošnje pokojnika, kao ni arheološki nalazi u there were no archaeological finds in the grave njihovim zapunama, grobovi su datirani na fill, the graves are dated based on the results of osnovi rezultata radiokarbonskih analiza ko- the radiocarbon analysis of the inhumed bones. stiju pokojnika. Grob smješten na sjevernom The grave situated on the northern part of the dijelu nalazišta (grob 1) datiran je u razdo- site (grave 1) is ascribed to the Late Eneolitihic blje kasnoga bakrenog doba i pripisan kasno- and attributed to the late classical phase of the klasičnoj fazi vučedolske kulture. Tri groba Vučedol Culture. The three graves recorded on evidentirana na južnome dijelu nalazišta the southern part of the site (graves 2, 3, and 4) (grobovi 2, 3 i 4) datirana su u rano brončano were dated to the Early Bronze Age. On the basis VAMZ_3_49_2016.indd 59 02.05.2017 13:25:35 60 Grobovi iz kasnog bakrenog ..., VAMZ, 3. s., XLIX (2016) M. KRMPOTIĆ, L. ČATAJ, P. RAJIĆ ŠIKANJIĆ, Z. PREMUŽIĆ: doba. Na temelju radiokarbonskog datuma i of radiocarbon dates and elements of the burial elemenata pogrebnog rituala, grobovi su pri- practice, they are attributed to the Kisapostag pisani Kisapostag kulturi. Spomenuti grobovi Culture. The mentioned graves represent the predstavljaju jedine kasnoeneolitičke i rano- only Late Eneolithic and Early Bronze Age finds brončanodobne nalaze s lokaliteta, a može se from the site, and the existence of concurrent pretpostaviti postojanje istovremenih naselja settlements nearby can be assumed. An analysis u blizini. Analiza je ljudskih kosturnih ostata- of human skeletal remains revealed the presence ka pokazala da je u grobu 1 pokopana žena of a female over 50 years of age in grave 1, males starija od 50 godina, u grobovima 2 i 4 muš- 35 to 50 years of age in graves 2 and 4, as well as karci u dobi od 35 do 50 godina, a u grobu 3 a juvenile aged 10 to 15 in grave 3. dijete u dobi od 10 do 15 godina. Late Eneolithic, Early Bronze Age, Kasno bakreno doba, rano skeletal graves, Osijek brončano doba, kosturni grobovi, Osijek Key words: Ključne riječi: 1. UVOD 1. INTRODUCTION U razdoblju od travnja do lipnja 2015. godi- - ne provedena su zaštitna arheološka istra- - outIn the at theperiod site between Osijek–Ciglana April and and June Zeleno 2015, polje, ar leno polje, na trasi cjevovoda za transport atchaeological the pipeline rescue route excavations for the transportation were carried of rashladneživanja na vodelokalitetu za KKE Osijek Osijek – Ciglana500.1 Tom i Ze je 1 On that oc- - - - cooling water for KKE Osijek 500. ju,prigodom smještenog potvrđeno na povišenoj postojanje gredi višeslojno uz obalu oncasion, an elevated the existence plateau of aalong multi-layered the Drava archae River, ga arheološkog nalazišta na ovome položa inological the eastern site was suburb confirmed. of Osijek. The siteIn addition is situated to the remains of the Bronze and Iron Age set- rijeke Drave, na istočnoj periferiji grada Osijeka. Uz ostatke naselja iz brončanog- sturnai željeznog groba. doba Kako te nekolicineu grobovima objekata nije bilo iz tlements, and few buildings from the Roman priloga,razdoblja a antike,njihove pronađena su zapune su bile i četiri sterilne, ko period, four skeletal graves were found. Since grobovi su datirani radiokarbonskom anali- there were no grave goods in the burials, and zom uzoraka kosti pokojnika. Jedan je grob their fills were sterile, the graves were dated datiran u razdoblje kasnoga bakrenog doba, Latebased Eneolithic on the results period, of radiocarbonand the other analysis three toof the inhumed bones. One grave was dated to the objekti, koji bi pripadali spomenutim raz- a preostala tri u rano brončano doba. Drugi the Early Bronze Age. Other features of these periods were not found at the site. m long corridor, from Vukovarska Street to the dobljima, nisu zabilježeni na lokalitetu. - south,The excavations across Vinogradska included a Street10 m wide and theand rail710- kovarskeIstraživanjima ulice jena obuhvaćen jugu, preko koridor Vinogradske širine ulice10 m ii dužinepruge 710za Luku m, koji Osijek, se protezao do naplavne od Vu the Drava River to the north. Skeletal grave 1 zone rijeke Drave na sjeveru. Kosturni grob way tracks to Luka Osijek, to a flood zone of- - površine, na vrhu grede uz Dravu. Kosturni was situated on the northern part of the exca grobovi1 nalazio 2, se3 i u4 bilisjevernom su smješteni dijelu oko istražene 260 m vated area, on the very top of the plateau. Skel jugozapadno od groba 1, na ravnici koja se etal graves 2, 3, and 4 were located some 260 m1 to the southwest from grave 1, on the plain Croatian Conservation Institute, Division for Archaeological 1 - Archaeological rescue excavations were carried out by the- - Zaštitna arheološka istraživanja proveo je Hrvatski resta Heritage, Department for Archaeology. The head of the exca uratorski zavod, Služba za arheološku baštinu, Odjel za ko vations was A. Janeš. pnenu arheologiju. Voditelj je istraživanja bio A. Janeš. VAMZ_3_49_2016.indd 60 02.05.2017 13:25:35 Grobovi iz kasnog bakrenog ..., VAMZ, 3. s., XLIX (2016) 61 M. KRMPOTIĆ, L. ČATAJ, P. RAJIĆ ŠIKANJIĆ, Z. PREMUŽIĆ: Karta / Map 1. Trasa cjevovoda za KKE Osijek istražena 2015. godine, s položajem kosturnih grobova / Pipeline route for the KKE Osijek excavated in 2015 with the position of the skeletal graves (uredila / edited by M. Krmpotić). tok rijeke Drave (karta 1). Zapune su se gro- bovaproteže ocrtale južno nakon od povišene uklanjanja grede površinskog koja prati outlinedsouth of theafter plateau removing which the follows uppermost, the flow 0.5 mof sloja oranja, debljine do 0,5 m na sjevernom the Drava River (Map 1). The grave fills were dijelu nalazišta, odnosno sloja naplavine thick, ploughed layer on the northern part of- evidentirani na nivou zdravice. teredthe site, at sterileand the soil about level. 1 m thick alluvial layer debljine oko 1 m na južnom dijelu. Ukopi su on the southern part. The burials were regis 2. OPIS GROBOVA 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE GRAVES Kosturni grob 1 Skeletal grave 1 Grob se nalazio u sjevernom dijelu nalazi- šta, na vrhu povišene grede uz rijeku Dravu, River,The grave at an was altitude situated of 92in them. northernThe skull part of the of pri uklanjanju površinskog sloja humusa the site, on the top of the plateau by the Drava- na 92,00 mnv. Lubanja je pokojnika uočena iskopa, i manjim je dijelom uništena. Kako buried individual was discovered while remov sedebljine ostatak 0,4 kostura do 0,5 nalazio m, uz izvan jugoistočni trase istra rub- ing the 0.4–0.5 m thick layer of humus along the south-eastern edge of the excavated area, and was partially destroyed. Since the rest of VAMZ_3_49_2016.indd 61 02.05.2017 13:25:35 62 Grobovi iz kasnog bakrenog ..., VAMZ, 3. s., XLIX (2016) M. KRMPOTIĆ, L. ČATAJ, P. RAJIĆ ŠIKANJIĆ, Z. PREMUŽIĆ: Slika / Fig. 1. Kosturni grob 1 / Skeletal grave 1 (izradila / drafted by L. Čataj). širini od 2,2 m. Grobna je raka u zapadnom živanja, iskop je proširen u dužini od 2 m i the skeleton was outside of the excavated area, 1,3 m i širini od 0,75 m, dok joj relativna excavation was expended to the length of 2 m dubinadijelu uništena, iznosi 0,12 a otkrivena do 0,15 m. je Ukopana u dužini je od u and width of 2.2 m. The western part of the burial pit was destroyed, and it was explored in throughthe length the of sterile1.3 m and soil, a andwidth discovered of 0.75 m, underwhile zdravicu, a pronađena je ispod humusnog- its relative depth was 0.12–0.15 m. It was dug lozisloja. niti Ukop bilo je kakvi bio zapunjen tragovi nošnje. svijetlosmeđom Pokojnik zemljom u kojoj nisu utvrđeni grobni pri- the layer of humus. The grave was filled with- light brown soil in which no grave goods or any je ležao na desnom boku, u zgrčenom po traces of garment were found. The buried indi ložaju, orijentiran u smjeru zapad – istok.
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