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Žarni Grob Vinkovačke Kulture S Lokaliteta Vinkovci – Duga Ulica 40 a Vinkovci Culture Urn Grave from the Site at 40 Duga Ulica in Vinkovci

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Žarni Grob Vinkovačke Kulture S Lokaliteta Vinkovci – Duga Ulica 40 a Vinkovci Culture Urn Grave from the Site at 40 Duga Ulica in Vinkovci Žarni grob vinkovačke kulture s lokaliteta Vinkovci – Duga ulica 40 A Vinkovci Culture Urn Grave from the site at 40 Duga Ulica in Vinkovci Izvorni znanstveni rad HRVOJE KALAFATIĆ Prapovijesna ar heo lo gi ja Institut za arheologiju Ulica grada Vukovara 68 Ori gi nal scien tifi c pa per HR - 10000 Zagreb Prehistoric archaeo lo gy [email protected] UDK/UDC 903’13(497.5 Vinkovci) „6377“ Primljeno/Recieved: 02. 05. 2006. Prihvaćeno/Accepted: 03.10. 2006. U radu se objavljuje žarni grob vinkovačke kulture otkriven prilikom zaštitnih istraživanja u Vinkovcima. Cjelovitost nalaza i dobra dokumentacija iskopavanja omogućuju njegovo postav- ljanje u širi kontekst istodobnih nalaza na slavonsko-srijemskom i transdanubijskom prostoru. Antropološka analiza osteoloških ostataka i 14C analiza ugljena iz žare omogućuju razmatranje pogrebnih običaja i apsolutne kronologije vinkovačke kulture. Ključne riječi: vinkovačka kultura, rano brončano doba, Karpatska kotlina, žarni grob, Vinkov- ci, radiokarbonsko datiranje, kronologija This work presents an urn grave of the Vinkovci Culture discovered during rescue excavations in Vinkovci. The integrity of the fi nds and good research documentation make it possible to position the site in a wider context of other fi nds dating from the same period in the area of Slavonia, Syrmia and Transdanubian region. The anthropological analysis of the osteological remains and radiocarbon dating of charcoal from the urn allow an interpretation of the burial customs and absolute chronology of the Vinkovci Culture. Key words: Vinkovci Culture, Early Bronze Age, Carpathian Basin, urn grave, Vinkovci, radio- carbon dating, chronology U zaštitnom istraživanju koje je proveo Gradski mu- During the rescue excavations carried out by Vinkovci Munici- zej Vinkovci tijekom rujna 1999. u Dugoj ulici 40 na k. pal Museum in September 1999 in the street named Duga Ulica, č. 2692 unutar arheološke zone Vinkovaca, istraženo je at number 40, in the cadastral unit 2692, within the archaeologi- 2 400 m2 površine (Plan 1). Utvrđena je kulturna stratigra- cal zone of Vinkovci, a surface area of 400 m was explored (Plan fi ja dubine 2,00 m, u značajnoj mjeri poremećena suvre- 1). It was determined that the cultural stratigraphy to a depth of 2.00 m had been considerably disturbed by modern construction menom izgradnjom. Otkriveno je više srednjovjekovnih i activities. Several medieval and Roman wells were discovered. rimskih bunara. Do dubine 0,80 m nalazi se recentni sloj Up to a depth of 0.80 m, the recent layer is full of construction pun građevinskog otpada. Do dubine 1,70 m javlja se waste. Further down, to a depth of 1.70 m, there are several lay- više slojeva s izmiješanom srednjovjekovnom, rimskom i ers with mixed medieval, Roman and Starčevo pottery fragments, starčevačkom keramikom te rijetkim ulomcima keramike and a few fragments belonging to Vinkovci Culture pottery. The vinkovačke kulture. Rimski materijal i opeka uglavnom su Roman material and bricks mostly belong to the period of the pripadali kasnijem carskom razdoblju, dok je srednjovjeko- Late Empire, while the medieval pottery has been dated to the vna keramika datirana od 10. do 15. st. Nađeno je i nekoliko 10th – 15th century. Several small dirt fl oor surfaces belonging to manjih površina zemljanih podnica srednjovjekovnih kuća medieval houses were also found (Janošić 2000, 62). (Janošić 2000, 62). At a depth of 1.70 m, the bottom layer started to appear, and Na dubini od 1,70 počinje se javljati predzdravični sloj, at 2.00 m the soil was sterile. In the northern part of the trench at a depth of 2.00 m the Starčevo stratum was discovered, containing a na 2,00 m zdravica. U sjevernom dijelu sonde na dubi- house daub and demolished fl oor, while in the eastern part there was ni od 2,00 m otkriven je starčevački sloj s kućnim lijepom i a Vinkovci Culture grave, dug into sterile soil. razrušenom podnicom, a u istočnom dijelu grob vinkovačke The grave pit for the urn was circular and 55 cm in diam- kulture ukopan u zdravicu. eter. No traces of grave architecture were recorded. The cremated Ukop za žaru bio je kružnog oblika promjera 55 cm. Nisu bones of the deceased were placed in the urn and covered by a zabilježeni nikakvi tragovi grobne arhitekture. Spaljene ko- deep bowl (Pl. 3). There were no other grave goods. Both the urn sti pokojnika bile su položene u žaru i poklopljene dubokom and the bowl that served as the lid were discovered in a very frag- 17 H. KALAFATIÊ, ŽARNI GROB VINKOVA»KE KULTURE S LOKALITETA VINKOVCI - DUGA ULICA 40, Pril. Inst. arheol. Zagrebu, 23/2006, str. 17-28. zdjelom (T. 3). Drugih priloga nije bilo. I žara i poklopljena mented state. The earth from the urn was collected and fl oated. zdjela nađene su jako fragmentirane. Zemlja iz žare je sku- The results of the fl otation were 2 g of charcoal and 620 g of pljena te je fl otacijom iz sedimenta izdvojeno 2 g ugljena i 620 cremated bones. The urn contained the bones of a male individua g spaljenih kostiju. U žari je bio pokopan muškarac starosti of between 45 and 60 years of age. između 45 i 60 godina. FINDS NALAZI 1. Urn (Pl. 1-2) 1. Žara (T. 1-2) A large storage vessel with rounded body and vertical, sli- ghtly prolonged neck with a wide opening on the top, served as Funkciju žare imala je velika posuda za zalihe zaobljenog an urn. At the contact between the body and the neck there are trbuha i vertikalnog, blago izvučenog vrata sa širokim otvo- four band handles, one on each side. The lower part of the vessel rom. Na prijelazu trbuha u vrat posude nalaze se 4 nasuprot- is decorated with barbotine. On one part of the neck there are ne trakaste ručke. Donja polovica trbuha posude ukrašena oblique traces of polishing. The vessel is 56 cm high, and 42.5 cm je barbotinom. Na dijelu vrata posude naziru se kosi tragovi wide. The base diameter is 15 cm. The neck is asymmetrical, as glačanja. Posuda je visoka 56 cm, a široka 42,5 cm. Dno ima is the entire vessel, and its diameter is 26 x 29.5 cm (Pl. 2). The promjer 15 cm. Vrat je nesimetričan kao uostalom i cijela thickness of the wall varies between 4 and 8 mm, while the base posuda, i ima promjer 26 x 29,5 cm (T. 2). Debljina stijenki is 12 mm thick. varira između 4 i 8 mm, a dno ima 12 mm. 2. Bowl – the lid (Pl. 1-2) 2. Zdjela - poklopac (T. 1-2) A deep bowl with a slightly protruding rim was used as the Kao poklopac žare upotrijebljena je duboka zaobljena urn lid. It was 17.5 cm high and 30 cm wide, with a base diame- zdjela s blago izvučenim rubom. Visoka je 17,5 cm i široka ter of 9 cm. It was fi red well, and its surface is grey-yellowish 30 cm, a promjer dna joj je 9 cm. Dobro je pečena, mrljaste brown. The lower part of the bowl is coated with something simi- sivo- žućkastosmeđe površine. Donji dio posude ima pre- lar to barbotine, but it is not so prominent. maz sličan barbotinu, ali ne toliko izražajan. The grave discovered at 40 Duga Ulica on the western edge Grob otkriven u Dugoj ulici 40, na zapadnom rubu pra- of prehistoric tell Tržnica in Vinkovci (Map 1) is the fourth dis- povijesnog tella Tržnica u Vinkovcima (Karta 1) je četvrti covered fi nd of its kind in Croatia and belongs to the group of rare graves from the Early Bronze Age and just several graves of the otkriveni nalaz te vrste u Hrvatskoj i pripada skupini Vinkovci Culture. rijetkih grobova ranog brončanog doba i nekolicini grobo- Two graves of the Vinkovci Culture were discovered in Osi- va vinkovačke kulture uopće. jek in 1961, when a road was constructed in the eastern part of U Osijeku su otkrivena 2 groba vinkovačke kulture godi- Pristanište in the Donji Grad district. The workers damaged and ne 1961. pri izgradnji ceste na istočnom kraju donjogradskog dug out the graves, so the archaeologist M. Bulat could only re- Pristaništa. Radnici su oštetili i iskopali grobove tako da je construct the circumstances in which the fi nds were discovered, arheolog M. Bulat mogao samo rekonstruirati okolnosti nala- which he did in a quite detailed manner (Bulat 1977, 13). za, što je dosta detaljno i učinio (Bulat 1977, 13). Grave 1 from Osijek contained a dark grey-brown urn, with a Grob 1 iz Osijeka činila je žara tamne sivosmeđe boje, rounded body decorated with barbotine and a slightly prolonged zaobljenog barbotiniziranog trbuha, blago izvučenog vrata, neck. The urn is 35 cm high and there are two pairs of band visine 35 cm s jednim parom nasuprotnih trakastih ručki na handles on it, one on its shoulder and another on its body. In the ramenu, a drugim na trbuhu. U žari su nađeni ulomci tam- urn there were the remains of a dark grey rounded bowl with nosive zaobljene zdjele s izvučenim rubom koji je malim tu- protruding rim, linked to the shoulder with small tunnel handles. nelastim ručkama spojen s ramenom. Žara je vjerojatno bila The bowl probably served as the urn lid. Apart from the cre- poklopljena zdjelom. U žari se, uz spaljene kosti, nalazila lu- mated bones, the urn contained a deer scull, and a small jug with banja jelena i mali vrč niskog trbuha i visokog vrata s jednom a low-positioned body, high neck and one handle (Bulat 1977, ručkom (Bulat 1977, 14, T 3,1).
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