Proto-Elamite
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Bibliography
Bibliography Many books were read and researched in the compilation of Binford, L. R, 1983, Working at Archaeology. Academic Press, The Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology: New York. Binford, L. R, and Binford, S. R (eds.), 1968, New Perspectives in American Museum of Natural History, 1993, The First Humans. Archaeology. Aldine, Chicago. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Braidwood, R 1.,1960, Archaeologists and What They Do. Franklin American Museum of Natural History, 1993, People of the Stone Watts, New York. Age. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Branigan, Keith (ed.), 1982, The Atlas ofArchaeology. St. Martin's, American Museum of Natural History, 1994, New World and Pacific New York. Civilizations. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Bray, w., and Tump, D., 1972, Penguin Dictionary ofArchaeology. American Museum of Natural History, 1994, Old World Civiliza Penguin, New York. tions. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Brennan, L., 1973, Beginner's Guide to Archaeology. Stackpole Ashmore, w., and Sharer, R. J., 1988, Discovering Our Past: A Brief Books, Harrisburg, PA. Introduction to Archaeology. Mayfield, Mountain View, CA. Broderick, M., and Morton, A. A., 1924, A Concise Dictionary of Atkinson, R J. C., 1985, Field Archaeology, 2d ed. Hyperion, New Egyptian Archaeology. Ares Publishers, Chicago. York. Brothwell, D., 1963, Digging Up Bones: The Excavation, Treatment Bacon, E. (ed.), 1976, The Great Archaeologists. Bobbs-Merrill, and Study ofHuman Skeletal Remains. British Museum, London. New York. Brothwell, D., and Higgs, E. (eds.), 1969, Science in Archaeology, Bahn, P., 1993, Collins Dictionary of Archaeology. ABC-CLIO, 2d ed. Thames and Hudson, London. Santa Barbara, CA. Budge, E. A. Wallis, 1929, The Rosetta Stone. Dover, New York. Bahn, P. -
The Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Language Was Created by Sumerian Turks
Advances in Anthropology, 2017, 7, 197-250 http://www.scirp.org/journal/aa ISSN Online: 2163-9361 ISSN Print: 2163-9353 The Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Language Was Created by Sumerian Turks Metin Gündüz Retired Physician, Diplomate ABEM (American Board of Emergency Medicine), Izmir, Turkey How to cite this paper: Gündüz, M. (2017). Abstract The Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Lan- guage Was Created by Sumerian Turks. The “phonetic sound value of each and every hieroglyphic picture’s expressed Advances in Anthropology, 7, 197-250. and intended meaning as a verb or as a noun by the creators of the ancient https://doi.org/10.4236/aa.2017.74013 Egyptian hieroglyphic picture symbols, ‘exactly matches’, the same meaning” Received: August 2, 2017 as well as the “first letter of the corresponding meaning of the Turkish word’s Accepted: October 13, 2017 first syllable” with the currently spoken dialects of the Turkish language. The Published: October 16, 2017 exact intended sound value as well as the meaning of hieroglyphic pictures as Copyright © 2017 by author and nouns or verbs is individually and clearly expressed in the original hierog- Scientific Research Publishing Inc. lyphic pictures. This includes the 30 hieroglyphic pictures of well-known con- This work is licensed under the Creative sonants as well as some vowel sounds-of the language of the ancient Egyp- Commons Attribution International tians. There is no exception to this rule. Statistical and probabilistic certainty License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ beyond any reasonable doubt proves the Turkish language connection. The Open Access hieroglyphic pictures match with 2 variables (the phonetic value and intended meaning). -
Egyptian Hieroglyphs CEEG 0909 a Workbook for an Introduction to Egyptian Hieroglyphs
An Introduction to Egyptian Hieroglyphs CEEG 0909 A Workbook for An Introduction to Egyptian Hieroglyphs C. Casey Wilbour Hall 301 christian [email protected] April 9, 2018 Contents Syllabus 2 Day 1 11 1-I-1 Rosetta Stone ................................................. 11 1-I-2 Calligraphy Practice 1 { Uniliterals ..................................... 13 1-I-4 Meet Your Classmates ............................................ 16 1-I-5 The Begatitudes ............................................... 17 1-I-6 Vocabulary { Uniliterals & Classifiers ................................... 19 Day 2 25 2-I-1 Timeline of Egyptian Languages ...................................... 25 2-I-2 Calligraphy Practice 2 { Biliterals ..................................... 27 2-I-3 Biliteral Chart ................................................ 32 2-I-4 Vocabulary { Biliterals & Classifiers .................................... 33 2-II-3 Vocabulary { Household Objects ...................................... 37 Day 3 39 3-I-1 Calligraphy Practice 3 { Multiliterals & Common Classifiers ....................... 39 3-I-2 Vocabulary { Multiliterals & Classifiers .................................. 43 3-I-3 Vocabulary { Suffix Pronouns, Parts of the Body ............................. 45 3-I-4 Parts of the Body .............................................. 47 3-II-3 Homework { Suffix Pronouns & Parts of the Body ............................ 48 Day 4 49 4-I-1 Vocabulary { Articles, Independent Pronouns, Family, Deities ...................... 49 4-I-4 Gods and Goddesses ............................................ -
2 the Assyrian Empire, the Conquest of Israel, and the Colonization of Judah 37 I
ISRAEL AND EMPIRE ii ISRAEL AND EMPIRE A Postcolonial History of Israel and Early Judaism Leo G. Perdue and Warren Carter Edited by Coleman A. Baker LONDON • NEW DELHI • NEW YORK • SYDNEY 1 Bloomsbury T&T Clark An imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc Imprint previously known as T&T Clark 50 Bedford Square 1385 Broadway London New York WC1B 3DP NY 10018 UK USA www.bloomsbury.com Bloomsbury, T&T Clark and the Diana logo are trademarks of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc First published 2015 © Leo G. Perdue, Warren Carter and Coleman A. Baker, 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Leo G. Perdue, Warren Carter and Coleman A. Baker have asserted their rights under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as Authors of this work. No responsibility for loss caused to any individual or organization acting on or refraining from action as a result of the material in this publication can be accepted by Bloomsbury or the authors. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN: HB: 978-0-56705-409-8 PB: 978-0-56724-328-7 ePDF: 978-0-56728-051-0 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Typeset by Forthcoming Publications (www.forthpub.com) 1 Contents Abbreviations vii Preface ix Introduction: Empires, Colonies, and Postcolonial Interpretation 1 I. -
Writing Systems Reading and Spelling
Writing systems Reading and spelling Writing systems LING 200: Introduction to the Study of Language Hadas Kotek February 2016 Hadas Kotek Writing systems Writing systems Reading and spelling Outline 1 Writing systems 2 Reading and spelling Spelling How we read Slides credit: David Pesetsky, Richard Sproat, Janice Fon Hadas Kotek Writing systems Writing systems Reading and spelling Writing systems What is writing? Writing is not language, but merely a way of recording language by visible marks. –Leonard Bloomfield, Language (1933) Hadas Kotek Writing systems Writing systems Reading and spelling Writing systems Writing and speech Until the 1800s, writing, not spoken language, was what linguists studied. Speech was often ignored. However, writing is secondary to spoken language in at least 3 ways: Children naturally acquire language without being taught, independently of intelligence or education levels. µ Many people struggle to learn to read. All human groups ever encountered possess spoken language. All are equal; no language is more “sophisticated” or “expressive” than others. µ Many languages have no written form. Humans have probably been speaking for as long as there have been anatomically modern Homo Sapiens in the world. µ Writing is a much younger phenomenon. Hadas Kotek Writing systems Writing systems Reading and spelling Writing systems (Possibly) Independent Inventions of Writing Sumeria: ca. 3,200 BC Egypt: ca. 3,200 BC Indus Valley: ca. 2,500 BC China: ca. 1,500 BC Central America: ca. 250 BC (Olmecs, Mayans, Zapotecs) Hadas Kotek Writing systems Writing systems Reading and spelling Writing systems Writing and pictures Let’s define the distinction between pictures and true writing. -
DRAFT Arabtex a System for Typesetting Arabic User Manual Version 4.00
DRAFT ArabTEX a System for Typesetting Arabic User Manual Version 4.00 12 Klaus Lagally May 25, 1999 1Report Nr. 1998/09, Universit¨at Stuttgart, Fakult¨at Informatik, Breitwiesenstraße 20–22, 70565 Stuttgart, Germany 2This Report supersedes Reports Nr. 1992/06 and 1993/11 Overview ArabTEX is a package extending the capabilities of TEX/LATEX to generate the Perso-Arabic writing from an ASCII transliteration for texts in several languages using the Arabic script. It consists of a TEX macro package and an Arabic font in several sizes, presently only available in the Naskhi style. ArabTEX will run with Plain TEXandalsowithLATEX2e. It is compatible with Babel, CJK, the EDMAC package, and PicTEX (with some restrictions); other additions to TEX have not been tried. ArabTEX is primarily intended for generating the Arabic writing, but the stan- dard scientific transliteration can also be easily produced. For languages other than Arabic that are customarily written in extensions of the Perso-Arabic script some limited support is available. ArabTEX defines its own input notation which is both machine, and human, readable, and suited for electronic transmission and E-Mail communication. However, texts in many of the Arabic standard encodings can also be processed. Starting with Version 3.02, ArabTEX also provides support for fully vowelized Hebrew, both in its private ASCII input notation and in several other popular encodings. ArabTEX is copyrighted, but free use for scientific, experimental and other strictly private, noncommercial purposes is granted. Offprints of scientific publi- cations using ArabTEX are welcome. Using ArabTEX otherwise requires a license agreement. There is no warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. -
D Igital Text
Digital text The joys of character sets Contents Storing text ¡ General problems ¡ Legacy character encodings ¡ Unicode ¡ Markup languages Using text ¡ Processing and display ¡ Programming languages A little bit about writing systems Overview Latin Cyrillic Devanagari − − − − − − Tibetan \ / / Gujarati | \ / − Armenian / Bengali SOGDIAN − Mongolian \ / / Gurumukhi SCRIPT Greek − Georgian / Oriya Chinese | / / | / Telugu / PHOENICIAN BRAHMI − − Kannada SINITIC − Japanese SCRIPT \ SCRIPT Malayalam SCRIPT \ / | \ \ Tamil \ Hebrew | Arabic \ Korean | \ \ − − Sinhala | \ \ | \ \ _ _ Burmese | \ \ Khmer | \ \ Ethiopic Thaana \ _ _ Thai Lao The easy ones Latin is the alphabet and writing system used in the West and some other places Greek and Cyrillic (Russian) are very similar, they just use different characters Armenian and Georgian are also relatively similar More difficult Hebrew is written from right−to−left, but numbers go left−to−right... Arabic has the same rules, but also requires variant selection depending on context and ligature forming The far east Chinese uses two ’alphabets’: hanzi ideographs and zhuyin syllables Japanese mixes four alphabets: kanji ideographs, katakana and hiragana syllables and romaji (latin) letters and numbers Korean uses hangul ideographs, combined from jamo components Vietnamese uses latin letters... The Indic languages Based on syllabic alphabets Require complex ligature forming Letters are not written in logical order, but require a strange ’circular’ ordering In addition, a single line consists of separate -
An Introduction to Old Persian Prods Oktor Skjærvø
An Introduction to Old Persian Prods Oktor Skjærvø Copyright © 2016 by Prods Oktor Skjærvø Please do not cite in print without the author’s permission. This Introduction may be distributed freely as a service to teachers and students of Old Iranian. In my experience, it can be taught as a one-term full course at 4 hrs/w. My thanks to all of my students and colleagues, who have actively noted typos, inconsistencies of presentation, etc. TABLE OF CONTENTS Select bibliography ................................................................................................................................... 9 Sigla and Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................... 12 Lesson 1 ..................................................................................................................................................... 13 Old Persian and old Iranian. .................................................................................................................... 13 Script. Origin. .......................................................................................................................................... 14 Script. Writing system. ........................................................................................................................... 14 The syllabary. .......................................................................................................................................... 15 Logograms. ............................................................................................................................................ -
United States RBDS Standard Specification of the Radio Broadcast Data System (RBDS) April, 2005
NRSC STANDARD NATIONAL RADIO SYSTEMS COMMITTEE NRSC-4-A United States RBDS Standard Specification of the radio broadcast data system (RBDS) April, 2005 Part II - Annexes NAB: 1771 N Street, N.W. CEA: 1919 South Eads Street Washington, DC 20036 Arlington, VA 22202 Tel: (202) 429-5356 Fax: (202) 775-4981 Tel: (703) 907-7660 Fax: (703) 907-8113 Co-sponsored by the Consumer Electronics Association and the National Association of Broadcasters http://www.nrscstandards.org NOTICE NRSC Standards, Bulletins and other technical publications are designed to serve the public interest through eliminating misunderstandings between manufacturers and purchasers, facilitating interchangeability and improvement of products, and assisting the purchaser in selecting and obtaining with minimum delay the proper product for his particular need. Existence of such Standards, Bulletins and other technical publications shall not in any respect preclude any member or nonmember of the Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) or the National Association of Broadcasters (NAB) from manufacturing or selling products not conforming to such Standards, Bulletins or other technical publications, nor shall the existence of such Standards, Bulletins and other technical publications preclude their voluntary use by those other than CEA or NAB members, whether the standard is to be used either domestically or internationally. Standards, Bulletins and other technical publications are adopted by the NRSC in accordance with the NRSC patent policy. By such action, CEA and NAB do not assume any liability to any patent owner, nor do they assume any obligation whatever to parties adopting the Standard, Bulletin or other technical publication. Note: The user's attention is called to the possibility that compliance with this standard may require use of an invention covered by patent rights. -
On the Western Edge of the Iranian Plateau: Susa and El Ymais
CHAPTER THREE ON THE WESTERN EDGE OF THE IRANIAN PLATEAU: SUSA AND EL YMAIS Susa Refounded by Seleucus as a Greek polis under the name Seleucia-on-the-Eulaeus 1, Susa was never to regain its former rank of imperial capital; but down to the end of the Parthian period it remained an important city, the head of a satrapy whose bound aries corresponded-at least originally-to the present-day prbv ince of Khuzistan. Unlike Persepolis, it had not been deprived of its former royal splendour, and its palaces were maintained, with a veneer of Greek decoration, for the use of the Macedonian satrap and occasional visits by the Seleucid court2; an inscription datable to the end of the third century B.C. mentions "Timon, the chief of the royal palace" 3• As a military stronghold Susa kept a great strategic importance; in 222 Molon, the rebellious satrap of Media, occupied the lower town ( the " craftsmen's town" of the archaeolo gists), but was unable to capture the upper town.4 Susa continued to play a major economic role, the tributes brought from all parts of the Persian empire being now replaced by a trade conducted by merchants, predominantly along the Mesopo tamian axis. It has even been argued that the Seleucid kings deliberately favoured this development, the new foundation of Susa going together with the creation of a direct waterway between the 1 The fundamental work on Susa during this (and the subsequent) period is Le Rider, Suse, 1965. (Tarn, GBI, 27, considers that Seleucia-on-the-Eulaeus was first founded as a military colony, and became a polis only under Antiochus III; but see Le Rider, o.c., pp. -
Marten Stol WOMEN in the ANCIENT NEAR EAST
Marten Stol WOMEN IN THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST Marten Stol Women in the Ancient Near East Marten Stol Women in the Ancient Near East Translated by Helen and Mervyn Richardson ISBN 978-1-61451-323-0 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-1-61451-263-9 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-1-5015-0021-3 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivs 3.0 License. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-nd/3.0/ Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. Original edition: Vrouwen van Babylon. Prinsessen, priesteressen, prostituees in de bakermat van de cultuur. Uitgeverij Kok, Utrecht (2012). Translated by Helen and Mervyn Richardson © 2016 Walter de Gruyter Inc., Boston/Berlin Cover Image: Marten Stol Typesetting: Dörlemann Satz GmbH & Co. KG, Lemförde Printing and binding: cpi books GmbH, Leck ♾ Printed on acid-free paper Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com Table of Contents Introduction 1 Map 5 1 Her outward appearance 7 1.1 Phases of life 7 1.2 The girl 10 1.3 The virgin 13 1.4 Women’s clothing 17 1.5 Cosmetics and beauty 47 1.6 The language of women 56 1.7 Women’s names 58 2 Marriage 60 2.1 Preparations 62 2.2 Age for marrying 66 2.3 Regulations 67 2.4 The betrothal 72 2.5 The wedding 93 2.6 -
The Arabi System — TEX Writes in Arabic and Farsi
The Arabi system | ] ¨r` [ A\ TEX writes in Arabic and Farsi Youssef Jabri Ecole´ Nationale des Sciences Appliqu´ees, Oujda, Morocco yjabri (at) ensa dot univ-oujda dot ac dot ma Abstract In this paper, we will present a newly arrived package on CTAN that provides Arabic script support for TEX without the need for an external pre-processor. The Arabi package adds one of the last major multilingual typesetting capabilities to Babel by adding support for the Arabic ¨r and Farsi ¨FCA languages. Other languages using the Arabic script should also be more or less easily imple- mentable. Arabi comes with many good quality free fonts, Arabic and Farsi, and may also use commercial fonts. It supports many 8-bit input encodings (namely, CP-1256, ISO-8859-6 and Unicode UTF-8) and can typeset classical Arabic poetry. The package is distributed under the LATEX Project Public License (LPPL), and has the LPPL maintenance status \author-maintained". It can be used freely (including commercially) to produce beautiful texts that mix Arabic, Farsi and Latin (or other) characters. Pl Y ¾Abn Tn ®¤ Tr` ¤r Am`tF TAk t§ A\ ¨r` TEC .¤r fOt TEX > < A\ Am`tFA d¤ dnts ¨ n A\ (¨FCA ¤ ¨r)tl Am`tF TAk S ¨r` TEC , T¤rm rb Cdq tmt§¤ ¯m ¢k zymt§ A\n @h , T§db @n¤ Y At§ ¯ ¢ Y TAR . AARn £EA A \` Am`tF® A ¢± ¾AO ¾AA ¨r` dq§ . Tmlk ¨ ¤r AkJ d§dt ¨CA A` © ¨ ¨t ªW d Am`tF ¢nkm§ Am Am`tF¯ r ªW Tmm ¯¤ ¨A ¨r` , A\n TbsnA A w¡ Am .