DOCSLIB.ORG

7. the Family Pratylenchidae Thorne, 1949(1) Michel Luc* Laboratoire Des Vers, Mztse'um National D'histoire Naturelle, 61, Rue De Buffon, 75005 Paris, France

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
7. the Family Pratylenchidae Thorne, 1949(1) Michel Luc* Laboratoire Des Vers, Mztse'um National D'histoire Naturelle, 61, Rue De Buffon, 75005 Paris, France A reappraisal of Tylenchina (Nemata). 7. The family Pratylenchidae Thorne, 1949(1) Michel Luc* Laboratoire des Vers, Mztse'um national d'Histoire naturelle, 61, rue de Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. SUMMARY The classification of the family Pratylenchidae is revised. The family Nacobbidae is considered as a subfamily under Praty- lenchidae and the family Radopholidae is synonymized with the second subfamily, Pratylenchinae(= Radopholinae, Hoplotylinae and Hirschmanniellinae). Genera included in Pratylenchinae are : Pratylenchus (type genus), Apratylenchoides, Hirschtnanniella, Hoplotylus, Pratylenchoides, Radopholus (= Radopholoides n. syn.) and Zygotylenchus. The subfamily Nacobbinae contains only Nacobbus. A table of characters is given which permits identification of genera. RÉSUMÉ Réévaluation des Tylenchina (Nemata). 7. La fanzille des Pratylenchidae Thorne, 1949 (Tylenchoidea) La classification de la famille des Pratylenchidaeest révisée. La famille des Nacobbidae est considérée comme une sous-famille des Pratylenchidaeet la famille des Radopholidae est synonymisée avecla seconde sous-famille, Pratylenchinae(= Radopholinae, Hoplotylinae et Hirschmanniellinae). Les genres compris dans les Pratylenchinae: PratyZenchus sont (genre type),Apratylenchoides, Hirschtnanniella,Hoplotylus, Pratylenchoides, Radopholus (= Radopholoides n.syn.) et Zygotylenchus. La sous-familledes Nacobbinae contient le seul genre Nacobbus. Il est donné une table des caractères permettant l'identification des genres. Thorne (1949) proposed the subfamily Pratylenchi- from Pratylenchidae as a doubtful genus, andHoplotylus nae, under Tylenchidae with five genera : Pratylenchus as showing more affinities with Hoplolaimidae; follow- (typegenus), Radopholus,Chitinotylenchus, Nacobbus ing Allen (1960), he suggested that Rotylenchulus may and Rotylenchulus. be removed from Pratylenchidae as having more re- Chitwood (1950), apparently not aware of Thorne's semblance to Hoplolaimidae. action, placed Pratylenchus and Radopholus in the sub- Allen and Sher (1967) did not recognize pratylenchids family Hoplolaiminae, together with other generahaving at family level, and placed this group inthree different vermiform females (Hoplolaimz, HelicotyZenchus, Roty- subfamilies under Tylenchidae; genera with vermiform lenchus,Tylenchorhynchus); he recognized othersub- females having only one genital branch (Pratylenchus, families as having saccate or globose females : Hetero- Hoplotylus) were placed in Pratylenchinae; those with derinae (Heterodera, Meloidogyne) and a new subfam- vermiform females having two genital branches (Rado- ily Nacobbinae (Nacobbus, Rotylenchulus). pholus, Pratylenchoides, Hirschmanniella and Zygotylen- Goodey (1963) considered, under Hoplolaimidae, the chus) where placed in thenew subfamily Radopholinae; subfamilies Pratylenchinae (Pratylenchus, Pratylenchoi- whereas Nacobbus alone constitutedthe subfamily des, Hoplotylus, Radopholus, Hirschmannia) and Nacob- Nacobbinae. They excluded Rotylenchulus as showing binae (Nacobbus together with Rotylenchulus). more affinities with Hoplolaiminae. Siddiqi (1963) was the first to give a clear concept of Golden (1971) accepted two subfamilies, Pratylenchi- the Pratylenchidae : he elevated Pratylenchinae to family nae and Radopholinae, as defined by Allen and Sher rank, recognized two subfamilies and pl'aced five genera (1967) and with the same generic content, under the in Pratylenchinae (Pratylenchus, Radopholus,Pratylen- family Pratylenchidae, whereas Nacobbus, because of its choides, Hirschmannia, Zygotylenchus) and one in Na- saccate female, was placed in Heteroderoidea. Nacobbi- cobbinae (Nacobbus); he also excluded Chitinotylenchus nae was elevated to family rank (Nacobbidae) withtwo (1) This article is a part of a study onthe classification of Tylenchina by the present author and R. Fortuner (CDFA, Sacramento, USA), E. Geraert (Rijksuniversiteit, Gent, Belgie), andA. R. Maggenti and D. J. Raski (University of California, Davis, USA). * Netnatologist fronz ORSTOM. Revue Nématol. IO (2) :203-218 (1987) 203 M. Luc ~ ~~ subfamilies, Nacobbinae (Nacobbus) and Rotylenchuli- authors, as eachuses various characters and various nae (Rotylenchulus). hierarchization of them to define the suprageneric taxa. The same year Siddiqi (1971) recognized three sub- These characters are : i) female vermiforme vs saccate; ., families in Pratylenchidae; he used the same subfamily ii) presence of one or two female genital branches; iii) names as Allen and Sher (1967) but with a different position of oesophageal overlap; iv) presence or absence generic content as differentiated by the position of of secondarysexual dimorphism; a) tail shapeand oesophageal overlap :i. e. Pratylenchinae, with oesopha- position of phasmids. geal overlap mainlyventral (Pratylenchus, Zygotylenchus, Only the first character cited appears as being of a Hirschmanniella) and Radopholinae, with oesophageal suprageneric level; and this is because in Nacobbus the overlap mainly dorsal (Radopholus, Radopholoides, Pra- saccate female differs from vermiform ones not only tylenchoides); the third subfamilywas Nacobbinae (Na- morpho-anatomically, but also biologically byits seden- cobbus). Hoplotylus was placed, together with Acontylus tary life with associated phenomena such as develop- in a new subfamily Hoplotylinaeunder Hoplolaimidae. ment of nurse cells in the host, eggs protected with a Andrassy (1976) in his concept of Tylenchina placed gelatinous matrix (or eggs partiallyretained in body) etc. a great emphasis on the female character, one genital Other cited characters, even though they show a corre- branch vs two, even at family level; consequently he lation, such as the position of the oesophageal overlap placed in Pratylenchidae (one branch)Hoplotylus, Praty- and secondarysexual dimorphism, do notpermit clearly lenchus and Radopholoides which, together with Aconty- separating genera into two or more groups (subfamilies lus, constituted the subfamily Pratylenchinae. Nacobbus, or even families); this is evident by the conflicting together with Nucobbodera, constituted the subfamily definitions and genericcontent offered by different Nacobbinae. The genera with two genital branches authors in these groups of pratylenchids. None of the (Apratylenchoides, Hirschmanniella, Pratylenchoides and combinations cited appear as founded, or necessary. Radopholus) together with Rotylenchoides and Rotylen- It is for this reason thathere we choose to consider the chulus were placed inthe subfamilyRadopholinae, pratylenchids as consisting of a single family, Pratylen- under Hoplolaimidae. chidae, dividedinto two subfamilies : Pratylenchinae Fotedarand Handoo (1978) produced a rather (migratory forms) and Nacobbinae (sedentary forms). confusive classification of Tylenchida as the characters used in family keys do not correspond always to those The family PRATYLENCHIDAE Thorne, 1949 given in the diagnoses; they followed Khan and Nan- = Nacobbidae Chitwood, 1950 jappa (1 972)Who elevated Radopholinae to family rank, = Radopholidae Allen & Sher, 1967 Radopholidae (Tylenchoidea), whichcontains Radopho- lus and Radopholoides; Pratylenchidae were dividedinto three subfamilies : Pratylenchinae with only Pratylen- Diagnosis chus, two new subfamilies Hirschmanniellinae (Hirsch- manniella, Pratylenchoides, Zygotylenchus and Apraty- Tylenchoidea. Marked sexual dimorphism frequent, lenchoides)and Hoplotylinae(Hoplotylus); Nacobbuswas concerning males (regression of oesophagus and stylet) placed in Heteroderoidea, Nacobboderidae, Nacobbi- or female (Nacobbinae : mature female inflated). Am- nae. phidial apertures short, slit-like. Deirids absent (except At least, Siddiqi (1986) used at the subfamily level, Prutylenchoides). Phasmids pore-like,always on tail. as a differentiel character, the presence or the absence Labial framework heavily sclerotized. of a secondarysexual dimorphism; consequently he Lip region lew, rounded or flattened anteriorly, no grouped in Radopholinae genera showing sucha dimor- longitudinal striations, not orweakly set-off from body, phism (Radopholus, Pratylenchoides, Hoplotylus,Apraty- one half to three fifthsas wide as length of spear. Spear lenchoides, Radopholoides); Pratylenchinae (Pratylen- strong; basal knobs welldeveloped, roundedor flat otylenchus) and Hirschmanniellinae (Hirsch- anteriorly (except some species of Hoplotylzu). Median manniella) were separated mainly on the bases of tail oesophageal bulb strong, rounded or oval, clearly dis- shapeand position of the phasmids; Nacobbus was tinct from procorpus, with valve prominent. Oesopha- considered as constituting a separate family, Nacobbi- geal glands lobe-like overlapping anterior end of intes- dae. tine (except some species of Pratylenchoides with oeso- From this history, it can be stated that : phageal glandsabutting with almost no overlap overthe - there is a consensus among the authors on the intestine). Oesophago-intestinal valve not welldevel- genera that constitute the pratylenchids, except for Na- oped (except Prutylenchoides and Apratylenchoides). cobbus, because of its saccate female, and Hoplotylus Female genital tract singleor double. ‘Tricolumellar which for some authors shows more affinities with uterus. No vulval flaps, or epiptygmata. Sperms globu- Hoplolaimidae; lar or more rarely rod-like. Spicules plain. - the divisionof pratylenchids into subfamilies Gubernaculum plain, not protruding (except Rado- and/or families appears very controversial among these pholus). Caudal
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Population Variability of Rotylenchulus Reniformis in Cotton Agroecosystems Megan Leach Clemson University, [email protected]
    Clemson University TigerPrints All Dissertations Dissertations 12-2010 Population Variability of Rotylenchulus reniformis in Cotton Agroecosystems Megan Leach Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations Part of the Plant Pathology Commons Recommended Citation Leach, Megan, "Population Variability of Rotylenchulus reniformis in Cotton Agroecosystems" (2010). All Dissertations. 669. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/669 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. POPULATION VARIABILITY OF ROTYLENCHULUS RENIFORMIS IN COTTON AGROECOSYSTEMS A Dissertation Presented to the Graduate School of Clemson University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Plant and Environmental Sciences by Megan Marie Leach December 2010 Accepted by: Dr. Paula Agudelo, Committee Chair Dr. Halina Knap Dr. John Mueller Dr. Amy Lawton-Rauh Dr. Emerson Shipe i ABSTRACT Rotylenchulus reniformis, reniform nematode, is a highly variable species and an economically important pest in many cotton fields across the southeast. Rotation to resistant or poor host crops is a prescribed method for management of reniform nematode. An increase in the incidence and prevalence of the nematode in the United States has been reported over the
    [Show full text]
  • Description of Pratylenchus Dunensis Sp. N. (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae
    Nematology, 2006, Vol. 8(1), 79-88 Description of Pratylenchus dunensis sp.n.(Nematoda: Pratylenchidae), a root-lesion nematode associated with the dune grass Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link ∗ Eduardo DE LA PEÑA 1, , Maurice MOENS 1,2, Adriaan VA N AELST 3 and Gerrit KARSSEN 4,5 1 Agricultural Research Centre, Crop Protection Department, Burg. van Gansberghelaan 96, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium 2 Gent University, Laboratory for Agrozoology, Coupure 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium 3 Wageningen University & Research Centre, Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Arboretumlaan 4, 6703 BD Wageningen, The Netherlands 4 Plant Protection Service, Nematology Section, P.O. Box 9102, 6700 HC Wageningen, The Netherlands 5 Wageningen University & Research Centre, Laboratory of Nematology, Binnenhaven 5, 6709 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands Received: 4 April 2005; revised: 7 November 2005 Accepted for publication: 7 November 2005 Summary – A root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus dunensis sp. n., is described and illustrated from Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link, a grass occurring abundantly in coastal dunes of Atlantic Europe. The new species is characterised by medium sized (454-579 µm) slender, vermiform, females and males having two lip annuli (sometimes three to four; incomplete incisures only visible with scanning electron microscopy), medium to robust stylet (ca 16 µm) with robust stylet knobs slightly set off, long pharyngeal glands (ca 42 µm), lateral field with four parallel, non-equidistant, lines, the middle ridge being narrower than the outer ones, lateral field with partial areolation and lines converging posterior to the phasmid which is located between the two inner lines of the lateral field in the posterior half of the tail, round spermatheca filled with round sperm, vulva at 78% of total body length and with protruding vulval lips, posterior uterine sac relatively short (ca 19 µm), cylindrical tail (ca 33 µm) narrowing in the posterior third with smooth tail tip and with conspicuous hyaline part (ca 2 µm).
    [Show full text]
  • Influence of Pratylenchus Vulnus and Meloidogyne Hapla on the Growth of Rootstocks of Rose~ G
    influence of Pratylenchus vulnus and Meloidogyne hapla on the Growth of Rootstocks of Rose~ G. S. SANTO 2 and BERT LEAR '~ Abstract: Pratylenchus vulnus is involved in a disease of Rosa noisettiana 'Manetti" rose rootstock characterized by darkening of roots, death of feeder toots, and stunting of entire plants. The disease is more severe when plants are grown in silt loam soil than when they are grown in sandy loam soil. The nematodes reproduce best in silt loam soil at 20 C. Meloidogyne hapla did not affect the growth of Manetti. Rosa sp. 'Dr. Huey', Manetti, and R. odorata rose rootstocks were found to be good hosts for P. vulnus whereas R. multiflora was less suitable. M. hapla re- produced well on R. odorata, Dr. Huey, and R. multi[lora, but not on Maneni. Key Words: root- lesion nematode, root-knot nematode, reproduction, soil temperature, soil type. Pratylenchus vulnus Allen and Jensen roses was associated with a reduction in the was first reported from rose roots in Cali- population of M. hapla and Xiphinema fornia in 1953 (14). A 1970 survey of com- arnericanum Cobb as a result of multiple mercial rose greenhouses in northern Cali- applications of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropro- fornia shows that this nematode is now pane (DBCP) (8). widely distributed (9), and Allen and Jen- Rosa noisettiana Thory 'Manetti' is the sen (l) also report that P. vulnus is widely most popular rootstock used in growing distributed on field-grown roses in southern greenhouse roses for cut flowers. R. odorata California. Sweet and Rosa sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Use of the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus Intraradices As Biological Control Agent of the Nematode Nacobbus Aberrans Parasitizing Tomato
    668 Vol.57, n.5: pp. 668-674, September-October 2014 BRAZILIAN ARCHIVES OF http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-8913201402200 ISSN 1516-8913 Printed in Brazil BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL Use of the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus intraradices as Biological Control Agent of the Nematode Nacobbus aberrans Parasitizing Tomato Nicolás Marro 1*, Paola Lax 2, Marta Cabello 3, Marcelo Edmundo Doucet 2 and Alejandra Gabriela Becerra 1 1Laboratorio de Micología; Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; CONICET- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Córdoba - Argentina. 2Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (CONICET-UNC) y Centro de Zoología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina. 3Instituto Spegazzini, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Buenos Aires, Argentina ABSTRACT The plant-parasitic nematode Nacobbus aberrans is an endoparasite that induces gall formation in the roots and causes severe losses to diverse crops. Some populations of this nematode show preference for certain hosts, revealing the existence of “races/groups” with different behaviour and making nematode management difficult. A possible biological control alternative to reduce the damage caused by this species may be the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). In the present work, the effect of Glomus intraradices on tomato plants inoculated with the nematode at transplanting and three weeks later was tested. At 60 days, the following parameters were estimated: percentage of AMF colonization, root and aerial dry weight, number of galls and egg masses, and reproduction factor (RF=final population/initial population) of N. aberrans . AMF colonization was higher in the presence of the nematode.
    [Show full text]
  • The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of the Columbia Lance Nematode
    Ma et al. Parasites Vectors (2020) 13:321 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04187-y Parasites & Vectors RESEARCH Open Access The complete mitochondrial genome of the Columbia lance nematode, Hoplolaimus columbus, a major agricultural pathogen in North America Xinyuan Ma1, Paula Agudelo1, Vincent P. Richards2 and J. Antonio Baeza2,3,4* Abstract Background: The plant-parasitic nematode Hoplolaimus columbus is a pathogen that uses a wide range of hosts and causes substantial yield loss in agricultural felds in North America. This study describes, for the frst time, the complete mitochondrial genome of H. columbus from South Carolina, USA. Methods: The mitogenome of H. columbus was assembled from Illumina 300 bp pair-end reads. It was annotated and compared to other published mitogenomes of plant-parasitic nematodes in the superfamily Tylenchoidea. The phylogenetic relationships between H. columbus and other 6 genera of plant-parasitic nematodes were examined using protein-coding genes (PCGs). Results: The mitogenome of H. columbus is a circular AT-rich DNA molecule 25,228 bp in length. The annotation result comprises 12 PCGs, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 19 transfer RNA genes. No atp8 gene was found in the mitog- enome of H. columbus but long non-coding regions were observed in agreement to that reported for other plant- parasitic nematodes. The mitogenomic phylogeny of plant-parasitic nematodes in the superfamily Tylenchoidea agreed with previous molecular phylogenies. Mitochondrial gene synteny in H. columbus was unique but similar to that reported for other closely related species. Conclusions: The mitogenome of H. columbus is unique within the superfamily Tylenchoidea but exhibits similarities in both gene content and synteny to other closely related nematodes.
    [Show full text]
  • Nematodes and Agriculture in Continental Argentina
    Fundam. appl. NemalOl., 1997.20 (6), 521-539 Forum article NEMATODES AND AGRICULTURE IN CONTINENTAL ARGENTINA. AN OVERVIEW Marcelo E. DOUCET and Marîa M.A. DE DOUCET Laboratorio de Nematologia, Centra de Zoologia Aplicada, Fant/tad de Cien.cias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Casilla df Correo 122, 5000 C6rdoba, Argentina. Acceplecl for publication 5 November 1996. Summary - In Argentina, soil nematodes constitute a diverse group of invertebrates. This widely distributed group incJudes more than twO hundred currently valid species, among which the plant-parasitic and entomopathogenic nematodes are the most remarkable. The former includes species that cause damages to certain crops (mainly MeloicU:igyne spp, Nacobbus aberrans, Ditylenchus dipsaci, Tylenchulus semipenetrans, and Xiphinema index), the latter inc1udes various species of the Mermithidae family, and also the genera Steinernema and Helerorhabditis. There are few full-time nematologists in the country, and they work on taxonomy, distribution, host-parasite relationships, control, and different aspects of the biology of the major species. Due tO the importance of these organisms and the scarcity of information existing in Argentina about them, nematology can be considered a promising field for basic and applied research. Résumé - Les nématodes et l'agriculture en Argentine. Un aperçu général - Les nématodes du sol représentent en Argentine un groupe très diversifiè. Ayant une vaste répartition géographique, il comprend actuellement plus de deux cents espèces, celles parasitant les plantes et les insectes étant considèrées comme les plus importantes. Les espèces du genre Me/oi­ dogyne, ainsi que Nacobbus aberrans, Dùylenchus dipsaci, Tylenchulus semipenetrans et Xiphinema index représentent un réel danger pour certaines cultures.
    [Show full text]
  • Burrowing Nematode Radopholus Similis (Cobb, 1893) Thorne, 1949 (Nematoda: Secernentea: Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae: Pratylenchinae)1 Nicholas Sekora and William T
    EENY-542 Burrowing Nematode Radopholus similis (Cobb, 1893) Thorne, 1949 (Nematoda: Secernentea: Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae: Pratylenchinae)1 Nicholas Sekora and William T. Crow2 Introduction by fine textured soils rich in organic matter. However, soil texture plays a less important role on nematode population Radopholus similis, the burrowing nematode, is the most levels on banana (O’Bannon 1977). economically important nematode parasite of banana in the world. Infection by burrowing nematode causes toppling disease of banana, yellows disease of pepper and spreading Life Cycle and Biology decline of citrus. These diseases are the result of burrowing Burrowing nematode is an endoparasitic migratory nema- nematode infection destroying root tissue, leaving plants tode, meaning it completes its life cycle within root tissue. with little to no support or ability to take up water and All motile juvenile stages and females can infect root tissue translocate nutrients. Because of the damage that it causes at any point along the length of a root. After root penetra- to citrus, ornamentals and other agricultural industries, tion, these life stages mainly feed and migrate into the worldwide, burrowing nematode is one of the most regu- cortical parenchyma and also into the stele. Mature males lated nematode plant pests (Hockland et al. 2006). of burrowing nematode are not infective. As the mature females migrate through root tissue, they lay eggs that are Distribution produced through either sexual reproduction with males or by hermaphroditistim (Thorne 1961, Kaplan and Burrowing nematode is native to Australasia, but is found worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Opperman 2000). Once an egg hatches, the emergent Asia, Australia, North and South America, and many second-stage juvenile can migrate within the root and island regions.
    [Show full text]
  • ENTO-364 (Introducto
    K. K. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, NASHIK DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY THEORY NOTES Course No.:- ENTO-364 Course Title: - Introductory Nematology Credits: - 2 (1+1) Compiled By Prof. T. B. Ugale & Prof. A. S. Mochi Assistant Professor Department of Agricultural Entomology 0 Complied by Prof. T. B. Ugale & Prof. A. S. Mochi (K. K. Wagh College of Agriculture, Nashik) TEACHING SCHEDULE Semester : VI Course No. : ENTO-364 Course Title : Introductory Nematology Credits : 2(1+1) Lecture Topics Rating No. 1 Introduction- History of phytonematology and economic 4 importance. 2 General characteristics of plant parasitic nematodes. 2 3 Nematode- General morphology and biology. 4 4 Classification of nematode up to family level with 4 emphasis on group of containing economical importance genera (Taxonomic). 5 Classification of nematode by habitat. 2 6 Identification of economically important plant nematodes 4 up to generic level with the help of key and description. 7 Symptoms caused by nematodes with examples. 4 8 Interaction of nematodes with microorganism 4 9 Different methods of nematode management. 4 10 Cultural methods 4 11 Physical methods 2 12 Biological methods 4 13 Chemical methods 2 14 Entomophilic nematodes- Species Biology 2 15 Mode of action 2 16 Mass production techniques for EPN 2 Reference Books: 1) A Text Book of Plant Nematology – K. D. Upadhay & Kusum Dwivedi, Aman Publishing House 2) Fundamentals of Plant Nematology – E. J. Jonathan, S. Kumar, K. Deviranjan, G. Rajendran, Devi Publications, 8, Couvery Nagar, Karumanolapam, Trichirappalli, 620 001. 3) Plant Nematodes - Methodology, Morphology, Systematics, Biology & Ecology Majeebur Rahman Khan, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecology and Pathogenicity of the Hoplolaimidae (Nemata) from the Sahelian Zone of West Mrica
    Fundam. appl. Nematol., 1995,18 (6), 513-522 Ecology and pathogenicity of the Hoplolaimidae (Nemata) from the sahelian zone of West Mrica. 8. Senegalonema sorghi Germani, Luc & Baldwin, 1984 and comparison with Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford & Oliveira, 1940 Pierre BAuJARD* and Bernard rvtARTINY ORSTOM, Laboratoire de Nématologie, B.P. 1386, Dakar, Sénégal. Accepted for publication 29 August 1994. Summary - The geographical distribution, host plants, population dynamics and vertical distribution were srudied for the nematode Senegalonema sorghi in Senegal. The observations of sorghum roots parasitized by S. sorghi showed the absence of gelatinous matrix and the presence of a shell around the marure females. The development of the female inside the roots induced the bursting and tearing of the cortical tissues of the roots. The factors influencing the multiplication rate and the effects of anhydrobio­ sis were srudied in the laboratory for S. sorghi and ROlylenchulus ren~formis. The results showed that the highest multiplication rates of both species were recorded at relatively low soil temperarure and high soil moisrure. Both species were able to enter anhydrobiosis during the dry season, with survival rates of 20-40 %. S. sorghi parasitized only wild and cropped cereals. During the dry season, it was under hydrobiotic conditions at depth in cropped soils and under anhydrobiosis in the upper layers of the soils under fal1ow. The restricted distribution of R. reniformis in the vegetable crops under irrigation might be explained by its narrow host range; ail other ecological characteristics were the same as for S. sorghi. Résum.é - Écologie et nocuité des Hoplolaimidae (Nemata) de la zone sahélienne de ['Afrique de l'Ouest.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Analysis of Nematodes of the Genus Pratylenchus Using Nuclear 26S Rdna
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of February 1997 Phylogenetic Analysis of Nematodes of the Genus Pratylenchus Using Nuclear 26S rDNA Luma Al-Banna University of Jordan, [email protected] Valerie M. Williamson University of California, Davis, [email protected] Scott Lyell Gardner University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs Part of the Parasitology Commons Al-Banna, Luma; Williamson, Valerie M.; and Gardner, Scott Lyell, "Phylogenetic Analysis of Nematodes of the Genus Pratylenchus Using Nuclear 26S rDNA" (1997). Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology. 52. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs/52 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Published in Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (ISSN: 1055-7903), vol. 7, no. 1 (February 1997): 94-102. Article no. FY960381. Copyright 1997, Academic Press. Used by permission. Phylogenetic Analysis of Nematodes of the Genus Pratylenchus Using Nuclear 26S rDNA Luma Al-Banna*, Valerie Williamson*, and Scott Lyell Gardner1 *Department of Nematology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95676-8668 1H. W. Manter Laboratory, Division of Parasitology, University of Nebraska State Museum, W-529 Nebraska Hall, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0514; [email protected] Fax: (402) 472-8949.
    [Show full text]
  • Theory Manual Course No. Pl. Path
    NAVSARI AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY Theory Manual INTRODUCTORY PLANT NEMATOLOGY Course No. Pl. Path 2.2 (V Dean’s) nd 2 Semester B.Sc. (Hons.) Agri. PROF.R.R.PATEL, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR Dr.D.M.PATHAK, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR Dr.R.R.WAGHUNDE, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE NAVSARI AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY BHARUCH 392012 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION What are the nematodes? Nematodes are belongs to animal kingdom, they are triploblastic, unsegmented, bilateral symmetrical, pseudocoelomateandhaving well developed reproductive, nervous, excretoryand digestive system where as the circulatory and respiratory systems are absent but govern by the pseudocoelomic fluid. Plant Nematology: Nematology is a science deals with the study of morphology, taxonomy, classification, biology, symptomatology and management of {plant pathogenic} nematode (PPN). The word nematode is made up of two Greek words, Nema means thread like and eidos means form. The words Nematodes is derived from Greek words ‘Nema+oides’ meaning „Thread + form‟(thread like organism ) therefore, they also called threadworms. They are also known as roundworms because nematode body tubular is shape. The movement (serpentine) of nematodes like eel (marine fish), so also called them eelworm in U.K. and Nema in U.S.A. Roundworms by Zoologist Nematodes are a diverse group of organisms, which are found in many different environments. Approximately 50% of known nematode species are marine, 25% are free-living species found in soil or freshwater, 15% are parasites of animals, and 10% of known nematode species are parasites of plants (see figure at left). The study of nematodes has traditionally been viewed as three separate disciplines: (1) Helminthology dealing with the study of nematodes and other worms parasitic in vertebrates (mainly those of importance to human and veterinary medicine).
    [Show full text]
  • Silencing Parasitism Effectors of the Root Lesion Nematode, Pratylenchus Thornei
    Silencing parasitism effectors of the root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus thornei. This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Murdoch University by Sameer Dilip Khot B.Sc. (Botany) & M.Sc. (Plant Pathology & Mycology), University of Mumbai, India M.S. (Plant Pathology), North Dakota State University, USA Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University Perth, Western Australia 2018 1 DECLARATION I declare that this thesis is my own account of my research and contains as its main content work which has not previously been submitted for a degree at any tertiary education institution. Signature: Sameer D. Khot Date: 22-01-2018 2 ABSTRACT The root lesion nematode (RLN), Pratylenchus thornei, is a biotrophic migratory pest of plant roots and its infestation causes losses in many economically important crops. RNA interference (RNAi) is a naturally occurring eukaryotic phenomenon and can be used to silence parasitism effector genes of P. thornei using host-mediated RNAi. This may be developed as an environmentally friendly and a cost-effective control strategy. The overall aims of this research were to investigate the effects of in vitro and in planta RNAi silencing of putative P. thornei parasitism effector genes, and their nematicidal effects in two host plants. Five putative target parasitism genes vital for nematode entry into roots (Pt-Eng-1, Pt- PL), feeding (Pt-CLP) and suppressing host defence responses (Pt-UEP, Pt-GST) were identified, validated in silico using comparative bioinformatics, cloned into suitable in vitro transcription and binary vectors, and advanced to RNAi studies.
    [Show full text]