Plot 2, Broadland Gate, Norwich

Preliminary Ecological Assessment Report

Plot 2, Broadland Gate,

PREPARED FOR Norwich Rapleys LLP

ISSUE JULY 2020 REF: 202002

QUALITY MANAGEMENT

Project: Plot 2, Broadland Gate

Project reference: 202002

Report title: Preliminary Ecological Appraisal

Report author: Tom Moore MCIEEM

Document history Draft: 05/07/2020 Issue: 09/07/2020 Client Rapleys LLP

Contact details BASEcology Ltd, 103A Beulah Road, Walthamstow, London, E17 9LD

This report was written in compliance with British Standard 42020:2013 ‘Biodiversity — Code of practice for planning and development’, the Chartered Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management’s (CIEEM) Code of Professional Conduct, and CIEEM’s ‘Guidelines for Ecological Report Writing’. The copyright of this document rests with BASEcology Ltd, all rights reserved.

ISSUE PLOT 2, BROADLAND GATE PEA REF: 202002

CONTENTS

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ...... 1 NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY ...... 2 1 INTRODUCTION ...... 3 1.1 Overview ...... 3 1.2 Aims & Objectives ...... 4 1.3 Legislation ...... 4 1.4 Planning & Biodiversity ...... 4 1.5 UK Post-2010 Biodiversity Framework ...... 4 1.6 Broadland District Council Local Plan ...... 5 2 METHODOLOGY ...... 6 2.1 Desk Study ...... 6 2.2 UK Habitat Classification & Preliminary Ecological Appraisal ...... 6 2.3 Caveats & Limitations ...... 7 3 BASELINE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS ...... 8 3.1 Designated Sites ...... 8 3.2 Habitats ...... 8 3.3 Species & Species Groups ...... 9 4 ECOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS AND OPPORTUNITIES, AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MITIGATION AND FURTHER SURVEY ...... 13 4.2 Designated Sites ...... 13 4.3 Habitats ...... 13 4.4 Species & Species Groups ...... 13 4.5 Summary of Key Issues & Recommendations ...... 15 5 CONCLUSIONS ...... 16 APPENDIX A – LEGISLATION ...... 17 APPENDIX B – SITE PHOTOS ...... 18 APPENDIX C – FIGURES ...... 20

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

BAP Biodiversity Action Plan

CSZ Core Sustenance Zone

CWS County Wildlife Site

EcIA Ecological Impact Assessment

EPSL European Protected Species Licence

ES Environmental Statement

GCN Great Crested Newt

MMU Minimum mapping unit

NBAP Norfolk Biodiversity Action Plan

NBIS Norfolk Biodiversity Information Service

NE Natural England

NERC The Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006

NPPF National Planning Policy Framework 2019

PEA Preliminary Ecological Appraisal

RL Red List

S41 Section 41 Habitats / Species

SSSI Site of Special Scientific Interest

UKHab UK Habitat Classification

WCA The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981, as amended

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NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY

To identify the habitats and species present or potentially present and evaluate their importance, Purpose of the assess the impact of the development proposal and describe any measures necessary to avoid report impacts, reduce impacts or compensate for impacts so that there is no net harm to ecological features. This report is prepared in support of a S73 application submission for the variation of condition 10 of planning permission planning permission 20081773 as amended by 20170827 which forms Description of the a separate reserved matters application specifically for a Lidl foodstore. scheme

The survey involved classifying and recording habitat types and features of ecological interest and identified the potential for protected and priority species to be present by assessing habitat Methodology suitability for those species. The survey was undertaken by appropriately qualified and experienced personnel. There are no constraints as the primary habitat on-site (g3c other grassland) is not considered of high conservation value as it is common and widespread at all geographic levels. Potential Constraints indirect effects on nearby mature trees with bat potential can also be avoided/mitigated with the Institute of Lighting Professionals Guidance. The following opportunities for the Plot 2 site have been identified although it is acknowledged that opportunities are somewhat limited given the spatial limitations of the site and that habitat enhancements and planning consent were originally designed and secured for the wider Broadland Gate site (and not individual plots such as Plot 2): Opportunities • Soft landscape to include diverse areas of planting using species of known value to pollinators, and new species-rich hedgerow(s) and scattered trees • Provision of new bird boxes such as Eco Sparrow Tower (https://www.nestbox.co.uk/products/eco-sparrow-tower) and/or Eco Starling Nest Box (https://www.nestbox.co.uk/products/eco-starling-nest-box) Potential impacts upon bats and birds will avoided/reduced by ensuring works follow the following best practice methods of work: Mitigation / Avoidance • Institute of Lighting Professionals Guidance Notes for the Reduction of Obtrusive Light Measures GN01:2011 • Institute of Lighting Professionals Guidance Notes for the Reduction of Obtrusive Light GN08:2018

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1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Overview

BASEcology was commissioned by client (Rapleys LLP) on behalf of Lidl Great Britain Ltd to undertake a Preliminary Ecological Appraisal (PEA) and provide Environmental Statement (ES) commentary for a revised Section 73 application for a commercial development of Broadland Gate, Norwich1. This report focuses on Plot 2 (Lidl) although the accompanying ES commentary provides a reassessment for the wider Broadland Gate site as per guidance from the Local Planning Authority.

Figure 1: Broadland Gate Masterplan

Broadland Gate is located to the east of Thorpe St Andrew town, on the eastern outskirts of Norwich. The Plot 2 (Lidl) site and surrounding land within Broadland Gate is largely characterised by unmanaged farmland that gently slopes towards the A47 road, which bounds the southern boundary of Broadland Gate. The approximate central Ordnance Survey National Grid Reference of the Plot 2 (Lidl) site is TG 2898 0901.

The immediate surrounds of the wider Broadland Gate site feature farmland with scattered villages to the north and east, the junction of the A47 and A1042, the Postwick Park and Ride site, and the Norwich to Great Yarmouth railway line to the south, and Broadland Business Park to the west. The wider environs support numerous statutory and non-statutory designated sites of local, regional, national and European significance associated with the Broads on the far side of the A47 to the south.

1 The wider site (i.e. Broadland Gate Business Park) had previously received planning consent in 2011 and 2017 and the new application is designed to provide ‘Variation of condition 10 of planning permission 20081773 as amended by 20170827’. The existing condition states – ‘the A1 element of the Business Park use shall not exceed 2,400sqm and no individual Class A1 unit for the sale of convenience or comparison goods (as identified in the Schedule to the Town and Country Planning (Use Classes) Order 1987) shall exceed 500sqm’. This is to be varied within the new application to – ‘the A1 element of the Business Park use shall not exceed 2,400sqm’.

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1.2 Aims & Objectives

The purpose of this appraisal is to provide commentary on the ecological features present, or potentially present, within Plot 2 (Lidl) of the Broadland Gate site and its surrounding area (the zone(s) of influence in relation to the proposed development described above. Detailed objectives are to:

• Identify the likely ecological constraints associated with a project; • Identify any mitigation measures likely to be required, following the ‘Mitigation Hierarchy’; • Identify any additional surveys that may be required to inform an Ecological Impact Assessment (EcIA) within the Environmental Statement (ES) prepared for the wider Broadland Gate application site; and • Identify the opportunities offered by a project to deliver ecological enhancement.

1.3 Legislation

Legislation relating to biodiversity that has been considered in this assessment (based on the habitat character and/or likelihood or confirmed presence of species on-site) is detailed below:

• The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017, as amended • Countryside and Rights of Way Act (CRoW) 2000 • The Wildlife and Countryside Act (WCA) 1981, as amended • The Hedgerow Regulations 1997

1.4 Planning & Biodiversity

The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) (2019) sets out policies for, inter alia, biodiversity and geological conservation directing that schemes should seek to protect and enhance, where possible, designated and non-designated nature conservation sites and features.

Section 40 of the Natural Environment and Rural Communities (NERC) Act 2006 requires public bodies “to have regard to” the importance of conserving biodiversity in England when undertaking their functions. Local planning authorities should use the list of species and habitats of principal importance (section 41) to identify those that require special consideration when making decisions.

Circular 06/05 on Biodiversity and Geological Conservation - Statutory Obligations and Their Impact Within the Planning System provides administrative guidance on the application of the law relating to planning and nature conservation as it applies in England. It complements NPPF.

1.5 UK Post-2010 Biodiversity Framework

The 'UK Post-2010 Biodiversity Framework' succeeded the UK Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP). The Implementation Plan for the Framework was first published in 2013, with a revised plan published in 2018. The post-2010 framework is underpinned by the biodiversity and environment strategies of the four countries of the UK and sets out their common purpose and shared priorities. The UKBAP list of priority species, however, remains as a reference source and has been used to help draw up statutory lists of priorities.

The Natural Environment and Rural Communities (NERC) Act 2006 also imposes a duty to conserve biodiversity and Section 41 (S41) of the Act requires the Secretary of State to publish a list of habitats and species which are of principal importance for the conservation of biodiversity in England. The list (including 56 habitats and 943 species) has been drawn up in consultation with Natural England and draws upon the UK BAP List of Priority Species and Habitats. The Section 41 list should be used to guide decision-makers such as local and regional authorities when implementing their duty: to have regard to the conservation of biodiversity in the exercise of their normal functions – as required under Section 40 of the NERC Act 2006.

‘Biodiversity 2020: A strategy for England’s wildlife and ecosystem services’, published in 2011, is the most recent biodiversity strategy for England, and has as its mission to halt overall biodiversity loss, support healthy well-functioning ecosystems, and establish coherent ecological networks, with more and better places for nature for the benefit of wildlife and people.

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1.6 Broadland District Council Local Plan

Policy 1: Addressing climate change and protecting environmental assets

The environmental assets of the area will be protected, maintained, restored and enhanced and the benefits for residents and visitors improved. Development and investment will seek to expand and link valuable open space and areas of biodiversity importance to create green networks. Where there is no conflict with biodiversity objectives, the quiet enjoyment and use of the natural environment will be encouraged and all proposals should seek to increase public access to the countryside.

All new developments will ensure that there will be no adverse impacts on European and Ramsar designated sites and no adverse impacts on European protected species in the area and beyond including by storm water runoff, water abstraction, or sewage discharge. They will provide for sufficient and appropriate local green infrastructure to minimise visitor pressures. Development likely to have any adverse effect on nationally designated sites and species will be assessed in accordance with national policy and legislation.

In areas not protected through international or national designations, development will:

• Minimise fragmentation of habitats and seek to conserve and enhance existing environmental assets of acknowledged regional or local importance. Where harm is unavoidable, it will provide for appropriate mitigation or replacement with the objective of achieving a long-term maintenance or enhancement of the local biodiversity baseline • Contribute to providing a multifunctional green infrastructure network, including provision of areas of open space, wildlife resources and links between them, both off site and as an integral part of the development • Help to make provision for the long-term maintenance of the green infrastructure network

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2 METHODOLOGY

2.1 Desk Study

A desk study was undertaken on 24th June 2020 to review records of designated sites and protected/priority/rare species and habitats within a defined search area from the centre of the Plot 2 (Lidl) site. Details of the data sources and search radii used to inform the desk study and subsequent ecological assessment are presented in the table below.

Table 2.1: Desk study data sources

Receptor Search radius Data source

Statutory designated sites of national and 2km Multi Agency Geographic Information for the international value Countryside (MAGIC)2

Statutory designated sites of national and 1km Norfolk Biodiversity Information Services (NBIS) county value Non-statutory sites 1km NBIS

Priority habitats 500m MAGIC / Priority Habitat Inventory3 Bats 2km NBIS / MAGIC (for granted European Protected Species Licences) / previous Broadland Gate Environmental Statements (2011 4 & 2017 5 ) / Plot 8 Ecological Assessment6 Protected/priority/rare species (excluding 1km NBIS / Great Crested Newts eDNA Pond Surveys for bats) District Level Licensing (England) 7 / previous Environmental Statements

2.2 UK Habitat Classification & Preliminary Ecological Appraisal

A field survey was undertaken by a Suitably Qualified Ecologist (Tom Moore, MCIEEEM, 15 years’ professional experience) on 30th June 2020. The survey followed standard methodology published in the UK Habitat Classification User Manual8 and CIEEM’s Guidelines for Preliminary Ecological Appraisal9.

The principal aim of UK Habitat Classification (UKHab) is to provide a rapid system for recording and classifying habitats. The system comprises a principal hierarchy (the Primary Habitats) - which include ecosystems, broad habitats, priority habitats and Annex 1 habitats - and non-hierarchical Secondary Codes. All habitats present on-site were recorded on a UKHab map (Appendix C).

2 http://magic.defra.gov.uk accessed 24/06/2020 3 https://naturalengland-defra.opendata.arcgis.com/datasets/priority-habitat-inventory-central- england?geometry=1.145%2C52.282%2C1.194%2C52.292 4 Mott MacDonald (2011) Broadland Gate - Environmental Statement - Revised June 2011. Prepared for Ifield Estates Limited and Norfolk County Council 5 Bidwells (2017) Environmental Statement – Addendum Volume 1 – Main Report. Prepared for Broadland Gate Land Ltd. 6 Hopkins Ecology (2019) Plot 8 Broadland Gateway – Ecological Assessment. Prepared for RG Carter 7 https://naturalengland-defra.opendata.arcgis.com/datasets/great-crested-newts-edna-pond-surveys-for-district-level-licensing-england - accessed 24/06/2020 8 UK Habitat Classification Working Group (2018). UK Habitat Classification User Manual at http://ecountability.co.uk/ukhabworkinggroup-ukhab 9 CIEEM (2017) Guidelines for Preliminary Ecological Appraisal, 2nd edition. Chartered Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management, Winchester. http://www.ieem.net/data/files/Resource_Library/Technical_Guidance_Series/GPEA/GPEA_July2012_web.pdf

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A Preliminary Ecological Appraisal (PEA) was carried out alongside UKHab in order to ascertain possible presence of protected, priority or rare species, and (where relevant) an assessment of the likely importance of habitat features present for such species.

Table 2.2: Survey meta-data

Scope and purpose of the survey Baseline habitat survey / PEA

Area surveyed Plot 2 (Lidl) site and all accessible extents of the wider Broadland Gate site

Edition of UKHab used UKHab-Professional

Minimum Mapping Unit (MMU) 25m2

Level of UKHab Primary Hierarchy Level 4 used List of Secondary Code groups UKHab-P – habitat mosaic, habitat complex, origin, and management recorded Additional attributes recorded None

Map projection and units EPSG:27700 / metres

Year of survey 2020

Organisation and individual BASEcology; Tom Moore MCIEEM undertaking the survey References for any existing datasets MAGIC / Priority Habitat Inventory that have been used

2.3 Caveats & Limitations

Desk Study

An absence of desk study records does not necessarily convey an absence of such species in that area, but is often a facet of under-recording. The desk study is designed to give an overview of the species already recorded in the local area, and merely provides indicative data prior to more detailed surveys.

Historic records pre-2000 (excluding veteran tree records) have not been included in the desk study, as it is considered sufficient time has passed to reduce the relevance of the respective record(s); they do not also account for likely habitat changes overtime (to the site and/or local environs) which inevitably effects the likelihood of species presence/likely influence.

UK Habitat Classification & Preliminary Ecological Appraisal

Survey was carried out in suitable weather conditions (17°C, moderate wind - 29mph west-southwest, overcast, no rain) on one visit during the month of June. As such, seasonal variations could not be observed and potentially only a selection of all species that occur within the survey area will have been noted. Parts of the wider Broadland Gate site which are currently under construction were also inaccessible for safety reasons. Previous habitat maps and aerial images were therefore used to complete a full picture of the site. Furthermore, the combination of the biological records from the desk study and the baseline data from the site visits (including previous ecological studies of the site) is considered to provide an accurate representation of the various habitat types and species present or potentially present within the survey area.

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3 BASELINE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS

3.1 Designated Sites

Statutory Sites

One statutory designated site, Whittingham Marshes, Whittingham Local Nature Reserve (LNR), was noted within the search area. A summary of this site is provided in the table below. The development site does not lie within any Impact Risk Zone (IRZ) for commercial development.

Table 3.1: Statutory sites within 2km

Site Name Status Value Site Summary Location

Whiltingham Marshes, LNR County This site is an area of inundated swamp, 1km SW Whittingham consisting mostly of sedgebeds, in a spur of land between the River Yare which forms runs parallel to the site to the north, and the A47 trunk road to the south. The marsh is bisected from north to south by a line of alders Alnus glutinosa and a small pond lies close to the centre of the site. The entire site is dominated by greater pond-sedge Carex riparia, with a greater degree of diversity in the western half than to the east. Whittingham Marsh is also a County Wildlife Site (CWS).

Non-Statutory Sites

No non-statutory sites were identified within the search area.

3.2 Habitats

Priority Habitats

Previous survey of the wider Broadland Gate site recorded several species-rich hedgerows (priority habitat) along the field edges. A summary of this habitat is provided in the table below. No priority habitats were identified from MAGIC within the search area.

Table 3.2: Priority habitats within 500m

Policy Habitat Value Description Location Context

Hedgerow (priority S41/NBAP Local Previous survey of the wider Broadland Gate site 125m SW habitat) recorded several species-rich hedgerows, some of which are classified as ‘Important’ in accordance with the Hedgerow Regulations 1997 criteria.

Non-Priority Habitats

Two main primary (non-priority) habitats were identified within the immediate environs of Plot 2 (Lidl), and a further two within the wider confines of the Broadland Gate site during the UKHab survey. Further details of each primary habitat and their significance are provided below.

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Table 3.3: Non-priority habitats

UKHab Habitat primary Value Description and UKHab secondary codes Location code

Other neutral g3c Less than The site is formed from a small field that has been Across grassland local released from arable cultivation. The field site supports and mosaic of successional ephemeral (present and annual vegetation with patches of bare within Plot ground. Secondary codes: 17 (ruderal/ephemeral); 2) 80 (unmanaged). Other hedgerow h2b Less than The north-western site corner features short NW corner local lengths of species-poor hedgerow. of Broadland Gate Mixed scrub h3h Less than The western boundary along Broadland Way W local features a mix of planted species commonly used boundary for roadside landscaping/ screening. Secondary of codes: 71 (earth bank). Broadland Gate Developed land; ub1 Negligible Existing hardstanding road infrastructure to the Across sealed surface immediate north and west (Poppy Way). site (bounds N&W boundary of Plot 2)

3.3 Species & Species Groups

Protected, priority and rare flora and fauna species records obtained from the data trawl within 1km of the proposed site (2km for bats) are summarised in the sections and associated tables below along with species surveys (where these have been undertaken). The number of records, date range and nearest record (where known – ‘unk’ is added where the record data is not sufficiently precise to calculate proximity to the site) are provided for each species/species group record to help inform the overall likelihood of presence/likely absence and inform the selection of target species groups for assessment. The full desk study obtained from NBIS is available on request.

Plants & Fungi

No records were returned for higher plants or fungi. Common cudweed Filago vulgaris, listed as Near Threatened in the Red Data Book for England, was recorded during the field survey. It is a widespread species in terms of its distribution; however, when changes in its ‘area of occupation’ over different time periods are analysed it falls into the Near Threatened Red List category. This means that it may be threatened with extinction in the near future, although it does not currently qualify for the threatened status categories (Critically Endangered, Endangered and Vulnerable). It is a common plant in suitable habitat in East Anglia and is therefore not considered to be a significant constraint in that it is of low value at site level.

Invertebrates

Records were returned for the following protected and priority invertebrates:

• RL Rare: Five-banded weevil-wasp Cerceris quinquefasciata – two records (2011; 975m west) (also Breck Special spp and S41); • RL Lower Near Threatened: Swallowtail butterfly Papilio machaon – one record (2001; 950m southeast) (also WACA Schedule 5); wall butterfly Lasiommata megera – one record (2006; unk) (also S41). • Nationally Notable/Scarce: Large gorse mining bee Andrena (Plastandrena) bimaculate – one record (2012; 975m west); grey-gastered mining bee Andrena (Plastandrena) tibialis – one record (2012; 975m west); large yellow-face bee Hylaeus (Prosopis) signatus – one record (2011; 975m

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west); swollen-thighed blood bee Sphecodes crassus – one record (2012; 975m west); painted nomad bee Nomada fucata – two records (2011-2012; 975m west). • S41: blood-vein Timandra comae – one record (2016; unk); cinnabar Tyria jacobaeae – two records (2001-2003; unk); red-shanked carder-bee Bombus ruderarius – five records (2000-2014; 825m west);

The Plot 2 (Lidl) site is considered unlikely to support important populations of protected, priority or rare invertebrates. Any invertebrates present are considered likely to minor components of my widespread populations. The likelihood of specialist bare ground invertebrates is considered low due to the previous (recent) arable management, and poor surrounding habitat connectivity of the site.

Reptiles

Three common lizard records (2002-2008; 275m west-southwest) and one grass snake (2008; 825m south) were returned from the search radius. Reptiles are, however, considered likely absent from the site due to the previous negative survey results from 2008 (relating to presence/absence surveys of the wider Broadland Gate site) and the existing habitat character of the site which precludes dense low-down cover. Although the previous survey results have long expired, the present habitat conditions indicate there is no risk of colonization.

Amphibians

No records were returned for any protected/priority amphibians including great crested newt (GCN) Triturus cristatus. No previous EPSL applications were furthermore noted on MAGIC nor positive eDNA surveys from NE’s Great Crested Newts eDNA Pond Surveys for District Level Licensing tool7. GCN are considered likely absent from the site due to the previous negative survey results of the nearby ponds from 2011 within the centre of Broadland Gate site. Although the survey results have expired, there is no risk of colonization due to the low surrounding pond density.

Birds

A large number of protected/priority bird species records were returned. Those associated with farmland habitat are summarised below in accordance with the Birds of Conservation Concern (BoCC) list which details the population status of birds in the UK; accordingly, each species categorised onto the Green (only provided if otherwise protected or notable such as Schedule 1 or species of local conservation concern), Amber or Red list – indicating an increasing level of conservation concern. Species recorded from previous (2008) surveys that are notably missing from NBIS records have also been added for completeness.

• Red List: Grey partridge Perdix perdix – one record (2008; on-site); lapwing Vanellus vanellus – two records (2010; unk); turtle dove Streptopelia turtur – one record (2005; unk); cuckoo Cuculus canorus – three records (2009-2012; unk); skylark Alauda arvensis – one record (2008; on-site); grey wagtail Motacilla cinerea – four records (2006-2012; 725m southwest); song thrush Turdus philomelos – one record (2008; on-site); redwing Turdus iliacus – one record (2012; unk); mistle thrush Turdus viscivorus – one record (2008; on-site); starling Sturnus vulgaris – one record (2008; on-site); lesser redpoll Acanthis cabaret – two records (2012; unk); linnet Linaria cannabina – one record (2008; on-site); yellowhammer Emberiza citronella – one record (2008; on-site); corn bunting Miliaria calandra – one record (2008; on-site); house sparrow Passer domesticus - one record (2008; on-site); tree sparrow Passer montanus - one record (2008; on-site); • Amber List: House martin Delichon urbicum – one record (2009; unk); kestrel Falco tinnunculus – one record (2010; unk); stock dove Columba oenas – two records (2008; on-site); willow warbler Phylloscopus trochilus – five records (2009-2012; unk); dunnock Prunella modularis – one record (2008; on-site); bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula – seven records (2008-2012; on-site); firecrest Regulus ignicapillus - one record (2008; on-site); • Green List but protected/priority status: Brambling Fringilla montifringilla – one record (2008; on- site); barn owl Tyto alba – five records (2003-2013; 800m northwest).

None of the species listed above are likely to be breeding within the Plot 2 (Lidl) site. The site is no longer considered suitable for ground nesting birds due to the new hardstanding road infrastructure which bisects the site (reducing the previous field size) and the disturbance associated with the ongoing construction works on-site. However, those associated with hedgerows and trees such as dunnock, house sparrow and

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yellow hammer, are considered likely breeding nearby within these habitats (south and east of the site) and may still use the site for foraging purposes.

All birds are protected under the WCA (1981). Various bird species are also listed as S41 and NBAP priority species. Schedule 1 species (i.e. brambling and barn owl from the list above) are afforded additional protection in that it is an offence to intentionally or recklessly disturb these species at, on, or near an active nest site.

Bats

The following records were returned from NBIS from the search radius. Two previous EPSL applications (EPSM2013-5673 and 2015-15870-EPS-MIT) were also listed on MAGICError! Bookmark not defined..

Table 3.4: Bat records

No of Date range and most Common name Scientific name Roost(s) present records recent location

Barbastelle Barbastella 9 2012-2015; 925m N Maternity roost (2012) 1.8km north barbastellus Serotine Eptesicus 10 2008-2015; on-site None serotinus Daubentons’ Myotis 6 2009-2015; 1km E None daubentonii Natterers’ Myotis nattereri 6 2006-2015; 975m W Unknown roost type – 2015-15870- EPS-MIT (2015) 550m S Noctule Nyctalus noctula 33 2008-2018; on-site None

Common Pipistrellus 55 2007-2017; on-site • Unknown roost type – (2000) unk pipistrelle pipistrellus • Unknown roost type - EPSM2013- 5673 (2013) 1.5km W • Unknown roost type – 2015-15870- EPS-MIT (2015) 550m S Nathusius Pipistrellus 8 2012-2016; 1.4km S None nathusii Soprano Pipistrellus 51 2006-2017, on-site • Unknown roost type (2010) unk pipistrelle pygmaeus • Unknown roost type (2011) unk • Unknown roost type - EPSM2013- 5673 (2013) 1.5km W • Unknown roost type – 2015-15870- EPS-MIT (2015) 550m S Brown long- Plecoutus 16 2012-2017, 975m N • Unknown roost type - EPSM2013- eared auritus 5673 (2013) 1.5km W • Unknown roost type – 2015-15870- EPS-MIT (2015) 550m S

Previous survey of the site identified three roosts (summarised below) and nine further trees with high roosting potential. The roosts are described in the previous ES as probable transient roosts for male or non- breeding female bats. No maternity or hibernaculum roosts were found during the surveys.

• Mature English Oak (T3610) - confirmed roost (1 or 2 noctule bats) • Mature E. Oak (T35) - possible roost (1 or 2 noctule bats) • Mature E. Oak (T72) - confirmed roost (single soprano pipistrelle)

10 Tree references are kept the same as those used within Appendix 7.1 of 2011 ES for cross-reference

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One of the three roost sites (T72) detailed above is located within proximity of the Plot 2 (Lidl) site. The tree is located c.70m southwest of the site corner on the far-side of the new hardstanding access road that bisects the wider Broadland Gate site. Two further mature trees (also E. Oak) were also identified within the immediate Plot 2 (Lidl) surrounds (c.30m east and 60m south-southwest). The closest tree (east) features a dead limb with knot holes and vertical cracks in addition to two bat boxes. The other tree (south-southwest) features no notable features.

Previous activity surveys carried out to inform the previous ES revealed the network of hedgerows across the wider Broadland Gate site were frequently used for foraging and commuting by the following species: noctule, common pipistrelle, soprano pipistrelle, nathusius pipistrelle, daubenton’s, natterers’, and brown long-eared. Serotine activity was also noted to a lesser extent on an occasional basis.

No further survey of the wider Broadland Gate site for bats has been undertaken since 2011. Although the existing level of activity and usage of confirmed/potential roost sites is unknown, the construction of the new hardstanding road infrastructure, scheduled removal of hedgerow habitat, and disturbance associated with the ongoing construction works on-site will have likely reduced activity levels and use of the wider Broadland Gate site.

All UK bat species are protected under the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations (2017) as amended and under the WCA (1981). All species are also listed as NBAP priority species; noctule and soprano pipistrelle are recognised in addition as S41 priority species.

Other mammals

Records were returned for otter Lutra lutra (two records – 2016-2018; 650m southeast), water vole Arvicola amphibius (2012; UNK); and brown hare Lepus europaeus (2012; 675m northeast). Both otter and water vole and considered absent from the Broadland Gate site and immediate environs based on the absence of suitable hydrological features. Brown hare is also considered likely absent based on the existing level of disturbance and habitat character of the site.

No records were returned for badger and no signs of badger activity (i.e. setts, latrines, pathways and snuffle holes) were noted during the survey. Badger are therefore considered likely absent from the Plot 2 (Lidl) site and immediate environs. No records were similarly returned for hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus. Plot 2 (Lidl) affords sub-optimal conditions for the species although occasional through passage cannot be discounted due to presence of suitable hedgerow and shrub habitat nearby.

Non-native invasive plant species

No records of invasive plants were returned from the search radius. However, recent survey to support the reserved matters application for Plot 8 revealed the presence of a Schedule 9 species, Yellow Archangel Lamium galeobdolon, within the south-eastern corner of Broadland Gate. Under Section 14 of the WCA (1981) it is an offence to allow or cause Schedule 9 Part II plants to grow in the wild. No non-native plant species were noted within or surrounding the Plot 2 (Lidl) site.

12 © BASECOLOGY LTD. JULY 2020 ISSUE PLOT 2, BROADLAND GATE PEA REF: 202002

4 ECOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS AND OPPORTUNITIES, AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MITIGATION AND FURTHER SURVEY

The following section has been written from the perspective of best practice methods of work having already been applied as incorporated into the project proposals as standard practice, irrespective of any effects there may or may not be on sensitive ecological receptors. As standard practice, the following best practice methods of work will be implemented/adhered to during the construction and operational (where relevant) phases:

• BS 5228-1 & 2: 2009 +A1:2014 ‘Code of practice for noise and vibration control on construction and open sites’ • Environment Agency’s Pollution Prevention Guidelines • CIRIA C532 ‘Control of water pollution from construction sites. Guidance for consultants and contractors’

Ecological constraints and opportunities, and recommendations for mitigation and further survey are detailed below for each receptor considered likely present, although these have not been reported if not applicable – e.g. constraints/opportunities are not individually referenced if these do not exist.

4.2 Designated Sites

Statutory and Non-Statutory Sites

No direct or indirect effects are foreseen on any of the designated sites highlighted within the baseline conditions due to the intervening distance and absence of hydrological pathways for effects between these and the site. Furthermore, there are no IRZs on-site in relation to commercial development.

4.3 Habitats

Priority & Non-Priority Habitats

Constraints

The proposed development of Plot 2 (Lidl) will result in the unavoidable loss of g3c ‘other grassland’ habitat. The habitat is considered common and widespread at all geographic levels and is therefore not considered of high conservation value. No impact is similarly foreseen for those priority habitats detailed within the baseline conditions as these as considered outside of the zone of influence once best methods of working practice are taken into consideration.

Opportunities

Although there is no potential for significant effects, it is recommended the soft landscaping design for Plot 2 (Lidl) incorporates suitable planting to help achieve a net biodiversity gain (although it is acknowledged this might be difficult to achieve given the spatial limitations of the site and that habitat enhancements and planning consent were originally designed and secured for the wider Broadland Gate site and not individual plots such as Plot 2).

4.4 Species & Species Groups

Invertebrates

Opportunities

Although protected/priority/rare species are considered likely absent from the Plot 2 (Lidl) site, this species group is included in this section to outline the opportunity to include pollinators with the soft landscape in order to benefit the wider eco-system.

• Soft landscaping to include structurally diverse areas of planting using species of known value to pollinators

Birds

Constraints

As per information detailed within the baseline conditions, the Plot 2 (Lidl) site and immediate environs are considered suitable for priority species such as dunnock (Amber List), house sparrow (Red List), and yellowhammer (Red List). However, there are no nesting opportunities for these species on-site; use of the Plot 2 (Lidl) site is, therefore, restricted to foraging only. The potential impact upon birds is, therefore, considered de minimis due to small site size and widespread availability of g3c ‘other grassland’ habitat at all geographic scales. No indirect effects are similarly anticipated providing best methods of work are adopted to limit potential emissions (further information in relation to site lighting is provided below).

Opportunities

Opportunities for habitat enhancement on-site are considered limited due to spatial limitations of the site. The following measures would potentially help improve the nesting capacity of the immediate site environs.

• Soft landscape to include new species-rich hedgerow(s) and/or scattered trees • Provision of new bird boxes such as Eco Sparrow Tower (https://www.nestbox.co.uk/products/eco-sparrow-tower) and/or Eco Starling Nest Box (https://www.nestbox.co.uk/products/eco-starling-nest-box)

Mitigation

Potential impacts upon birds will avoided/reduced by ensuring works follow the following best practice methods of work:

• Institute of Lighting Professionals Guidance Notes for the Reduction of Obtrusive Light GN01:2011

Bats

Constraints

The immediate Plot 2 (Lidl) site environs feature two trees with bat roost potential (c.30m east and c.70m southeast). The nearest tree could potentially be adversely affected by adversely affected by construction lighting in the absence of mitigation. However, it is assumed in accordance with best practice that the Root Protection Zone will be adequately fenced off during the construction phase which reduces the risk of illumination. No operational effects are foreseen as there are no predicted emissions in the vicinity of the tree in accordance with the lighting plan11.

It is noted that the tree described above will be later removed as part of a separate application for Plot 3 once the next stage of the access road infrastructure is developed. Further survey work will therefore be required in a separate application to this one on behalf of the Plot 3 applicant/contractor appointed to construct the new road to ensure works to ascertain roost presence/likely absence and comply with protective legislation. If a roost is discovered, a European Protected Species Licence (EPSL) must be sought from Natural England to lawfully remove the tree and destroy the roost.

The nearby tree to the southeast (T72) of the Plot 2 (Lidl) site, which is known to have previously supported a transient soprano pipistrelle roost (single individual) is not considered within the likely zone of influence of Plot 2 construction lighting. This is due to the intervening distance between the tree and the Plot 2 (Lidl) site, the existing street lighting along the new road, the aspect of the roost feature (facing away southwards towards the neighbouring dwelling), and the absence of the any strong flight lines in-between (it is located on the far-side of the newly constructed road), No adverse impacts are similarly foreseen upon bat activity due to the small site size and widespread availability of g3c ‘other grassland’ habitat at all geographic scales.

11 Signify (2020) Lidl Norwich, Poppy Way. Prepared for Lidl.

Opportunities

Opportunities for habitat enhancement on-site are considered limited due to spatial limitations of the Plot 2 (Lidl) site. The following measures would potentially help improve foraging opportunity (for light tolerant species such as pipistrelle) within the immediate site environs.

• Soft landscape design to include a new species-rich hedgerow with trees and/or scattered trees

Mitigation

Avoidance and reduction of potential impacts on bats will be achieved by ensuring works adhere to the following best practice methods of work:

• Institute of Lighting Professionals Guidance Notes for the Reduction of Obtrusive Light GN08:2018

4.5 Summary of Key Issues & Recommendations

A summary of the ecological constraints and opportunities, and recommendations for mitigation and further survey are provided in the table below. In the absence of mitigation, the overall ecological impact of the proposal is considered de minimis, although mitigation is still required to adhere to legislation and best practice guidance.

Table 4.1: Summary of key issues and recommendations

Recommendations for further Receptor Constraints Opportunities survey/mitigation

Non-priority None – g3c is not considered Suitable planting incorporated None habitat (g3c of high conservation value as it in the soft landscape design to ‘other is common and widespread at help achieve a net biodiversity grassland’) all geographic levels gain Invertebrates None - Any invertebrates Soft landscaping to include None present are considered likely structurally diverse areas of to minor components of my planting using species of widespread populations known value to pollinators Birds None – no nesting Soft landscape to include new Comply with best practice to opportunities on-site. species-rich hedgerow(s) limit light emissions (Institute Potential loss of foraging and/or scattered trees. New of Lighting Professionals habitat is considered de bird boxes (installed either on Guidance Notes for the minimis due to site size and the building fabric or nearby Reduction of Obtrusive Light widespread availability of g3c retained trees) would also GN01:2011) habitat help increase the nesting capacity of the immediate site environs Bats None – no foreseen direct New species-rich hedgerow Comply with best practice to impacts and potential indirect with trees and/or scattered limit light emissions (Institute impacts can be controlled with trees incorporated into the soft of Lighting Professionals mitigation landscape design to provide Guidance Notes for the foraging opportunity for light Reduction of Obtrusive Light tolerant species GN08:2018)

5 CONCLUSIONS

The purpose of this report is to update the ecological baseline information and provide a preliminary ecological appraisal (PEA) for a new commercial development within Plot 2 of Broadland Gate, which in turn will be used to inform and update the previous Environmental Statement prepared for the wider Broadland Gate site.

The results of the updated PEA revealed there are few constraints associated with the proposed Plot 2 (Lidl) application. The anticipated ecological impacts and effects of the development are considered de minimis due to small site size and widespread availability of the primary habitat (g3c ‘other grassland’) at all geographic scales. However, mitigation is required to limit light emissions as there are trees within the site surrounds with bat roosting potential, one of which will be later removed as part of a separate application for Plot 3 once the next stage of the access road infrastructure is developed.

Opportunities for enhancement on-site are somewhat limited given the spatial limitations of the site. It is also acknowledged that habitat enhancements and planning consent were originally designed and secured for the wider Broadland Gate site and not individual plots such as Plot 2. Regardless, careful consideration of the soft landscape design to incorporate new areas of habitat for invertebrates, birds and bats whilst also addressing inevitable biodiversity losses, will help maximise the post construction ecological value of the site in accordance with Section 40 of the NERC Act (2006), NPPF (2019), and Policy 1 of the Local Plan. The inclusion of new bird boxes would also create new opportunity for priority species on site, and therefore, help contribute towards an ecological net gain.

APPENDIX A – LEGISLATION

The following Appendix sets out details of key pieces of international and national legislation.

Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017, as amended

The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017 consolidate the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010 with subsequent amendments. The Regulations transpose Council Directive 92/43/EEC, on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora (EC Habitats Directive), into national law. They also transpose elements of the EU Wild Birds Directive in England and Wales. The Regulations came into force on 30th November 2017, and extend to England and Wales (including the adjacent territorial sea) and to a limited extent in Scotland (reserved matters) and Northern Ireland (excepted matters). In Scotland, the Habitats Directive is transposed through a combination of the Habitats Regulations 2010 (in relation to reserved matters) and the and the Conservation (Natural Habitats &c.) Regulations 1994. The Conservation (Natural Habitats, &c) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1995 (as amended) transpose the Habitats Directive in relation to Northern Ireland.

The Regulations provide for the designation and protection of 'European sites', the protection of 'European protected species', and the adaptation of planning and other controls for the protection of European Sites.

Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981, as amended

The WCA 1981 (as amended) is the principle mechanism for the legislative protection of wildlife in Great Britain. However, it does not extend to Northern Ireland, the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man. This legislation is the means by which the Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (the 'Bern Convention') and the European Union Directives on the Conservation of Wild Birds (79/409/EEC) and Natural Habitats and Wild Fauna and Flora (92/43/FFC) are implemented in Great Britain.

Countryside and Rights of Way Act (CRoW) 2000

The Countryside and Rights of Way (CRoW) Act 2000 extends the public’s ability to enjoy the countryside whilst also providing safeguards for landowners and occupiers. It gives a statutory right of access to open country and registered common land, modernises the rights of way system, gives greater protection to SSSIs, provides better management arrangements for Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONBs) and strengthens wildlife enforcement legislation.

Hedgerows Regulations 1997

The regulations make provision for the protection of important hedgerows in England and Wales affect hedgerows which are 20 m or more in length, or connected at both ends to another hedgerow of any length. It is an offence to intentionally or recklessly remove or cause or permit another person to remove a hedgerow or intentionally or recklessly remove, or cause or permit another person to remove, a hedgerow without planning permission or without prior notification to the local planning authority.

APPENDIX B – SITE PHOTOS

Photo Description

Overview of the site looking northwards from across the new access road that bounds the southern boundary.

Primary habitat on-site (g3c ‘other grassland) is formed from common grasses intermixed with ephemeral/annual vegetation that lacks a clear dominant species, but consists of a mixture of low- growing plants. Secondary codes: 17 (ruderal/ephemeral) and 80 (unmanaged).

Nearby E. Oak earmarked for removal as part of a separate application for Plot 3 once the next stage of the access road infrastructure is developed. PBRFs include dead limb with knot holes and narrow vertical cracks in addition to two bat boxes. Further survey work required on behalf of the Plot 3 applicant/contractor appointed to construct the new road to ensure works to ascertain roost presence/likely absence and comply with protective legislation. Secondary code: 11 (scattered trees).

Bramble scrub east of Plot 2 that will be removed once the new access road to Plot 3 is created. Secondary code: 10 (scattered scrub).

Species-poor embankment that bounds new access road to the immediate south of Plot 2 (and residential dwellings within the wider Application Site centre). Secondary code: 71 (earthbank).

Mature E. Oak, c.70m southwest of the site corner on the far-side of the new hardstanding access road that bisects the wider Broadland Gate site. Previous survey revealed confirmed roost (single soprano pipistrelle). Tree ref from previous ES – T72. PBRFs (dead limbs with narrow vertical cracks and flaking bark) face away southwards towards the neighbouring dwelling. Secondary code: 11 (scattered trees).

APPENDIX C – FIGURES

g3c - other neutral grassland

h2a - hedgerow (priority habitat)

POPPY WAY h2b - other hedgerow

h3h - mixed scrub

ub1 - developed land. sealed surface

10 / 11 10 Secondary codes 17 / 80

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71 39 230

A1194 39 17 / 80

71 Y A

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