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Glossary Glossary
Glossary Glossary Albedo A measure of an object’s reflectivity. A pure white reflecting surface has an albedo of 1.0 (100%). A pitch-black, nonreflecting surface has an albedo of 0.0. The Moon is a fairly dark object with a combined albedo of 0.07 (reflecting 7% of the sunlight that falls upon it). The albedo range of the lunar maria is between 0.05 and 0.08. The brighter highlands have an albedo range from 0.09 to 0.15. Anorthosite Rocks rich in the mineral feldspar, making up much of the Moon’s bright highland regions. Aperture The diameter of a telescope’s objective lens or primary mirror. Apogee The point in the Moon’s orbit where it is furthest from the Earth. At apogee, the Moon can reach a maximum distance of 406,700 km from the Earth. Apollo The manned lunar program of the United States. Between July 1969 and December 1972, six Apollo missions landed on the Moon, allowing a total of 12 astronauts to explore its surface. Asteroid A minor planet. A large solid body of rock in orbit around the Sun. Banded crater A crater that displays dusky linear tracts on its inner walls and/or floor. 250 Basalt A dark, fine-grained volcanic rock, low in silicon, with a low viscosity. Basaltic material fills many of the Moon’s major basins, especially on the near side. Glossary Basin A very large circular impact structure (usually comprising multiple concentric rings) that usually displays some degree of flooding with lava. The largest and most conspicuous lava- flooded basins on the Moon are found on the near side, and most are filled to their outer edges with mare basalts. -
General Index
General Index Italicized page numbers indicate figures and tables. Color plates are in- cussed; full listings of authors’ works as cited in this volume may be dicated as “pl.” Color plates 1– 40 are in part 1 and plates 41–80 are found in the bibliographical index. in part 2. Authors are listed only when their ideas or works are dis- Aa, Pieter van der (1659–1733), 1338 of military cartography, 971 934 –39; Genoa, 864 –65; Low Coun- Aa River, pl.61, 1523 of nautical charts, 1069, 1424 tries, 1257 Aachen, 1241 printing’s impact on, 607–8 of Dutch hamlets, 1264 Abate, Agostino, 857–58, 864 –65 role of sources in, 66 –67 ecclesiastical subdivisions in, 1090, 1091 Abbeys. See also Cartularies; Monasteries of Russian maps, 1873 of forests, 50 maps: property, 50–51; water system, 43 standards of, 7 German maps in context of, 1224, 1225 plans: juridical uses of, pl.61, 1523–24, studies of, 505–8, 1258 n.53 map consciousness in, 636, 661–62 1525; Wildmore Fen (in psalter), 43– 44 of surveys, 505–8, 708, 1435–36 maps in: cadastral (See Cadastral maps); Abbreviations, 1897, 1899 of town models, 489 central Italy, 909–15; characteristics of, Abreu, Lisuarte de, 1019 Acequia Imperial de Aragón, 507 874 –75, 880 –82; coloring of, 1499, Abruzzi River, 547, 570 Acerra, 951 1588; East-Central Europe, 1806, 1808; Absolutism, 831, 833, 835–36 Ackerman, James S., 427 n.2 England, 50 –51, 1595, 1599, 1603, See also Sovereigns and monarchs Aconcio, Jacopo (d. 1566), 1611 1615, 1629, 1720; France, 1497–1500, Abstraction Acosta, José de (1539–1600), 1235 1501; humanism linked to, 909–10; in- in bird’s-eye views, 688 Acquaviva, Andrea Matteo (d. -
Martian Crater Morphology
ANALYSIS OF THE DEPTH-DIAMETER RELATIONSHIP OF MARTIAN CRATERS A Capstone Experience Thesis Presented by Jared Howenstine Completion Date: May 2006 Approved By: Professor M. Darby Dyar, Astronomy Professor Christopher Condit, Geology Professor Judith Young, Astronomy Abstract Title: Analysis of the Depth-Diameter Relationship of Martian Craters Author: Jared Howenstine, Astronomy Approved By: Judith Young, Astronomy Approved By: M. Darby Dyar, Astronomy Approved By: Christopher Condit, Geology CE Type: Departmental Honors Project Using a gridded version of maritan topography with the computer program Gridview, this project studied the depth-diameter relationship of martian impact craters. The work encompasses 361 profiles of impacts with diameters larger than 15 kilometers and is a continuation of work that was started at the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston, Texas under the guidance of Dr. Walter S. Keifer. Using the most ‘pristine,’ or deepest craters in the data a depth-diameter relationship was determined: d = 0.610D 0.327 , where d is the depth of the crater and D is the diameter of the crater, both in kilometers. This relationship can then be used to estimate the theoretical depth of any impact radius, and therefore can be used to estimate the pristine shape of the crater. With a depth-diameter ratio for a particular crater, the measured depth can then be compared to this theoretical value and an estimate of the amount of material within the crater, or fill, can then be calculated. The data includes 140 named impact craters, 3 basins, and 218 other impacts. The named data encompasses all named impact structures of greater than 100 kilometers in diameter. -
Vorráðstefna
Vorráðstefna Ágrip erinda og veggspjalda Haldin í Öskju, Náttúrufræðahúsi Háskóla Íslands 28.apríl 2009 Dagskrá Vorráðstefnu JFÍ 28.apríl 2009 08:30-09:00 Skráning Fundarstjóri Þorsteinn Sæmundsson 09:00-09:05 Setning Andri Stefánsson 09:05-09:25 10+ ár samfelldra GPS mælinga á Íslandi – hvað höfum við lært? Halldór Geirsson 09:25-09:45 Fluid geochemistry and surface alteration associated with rhyolitic rocks, Torfajökull Iceland Júlía Katrín Björke 09:45-10:05 Sulfur chemistry in natural hydrothermal waters, Iceland Andri Stefánsson 10:05-10:25 Rekbeltastökk og Njörður, megineldstöð á Reykjaneshrygg. Ármann Höskuldsson Kaffi Fundarstjóri Andri Stefánsson 10:50-11:10 Orravatnsrústir á Hofsafrétt Þorsteinn Sæmundsson 11:10-11:30 Skaftárhlaup: Athugun á jökulhlaupi frá Vestari Skaftárkatli Bergur Einarsson 11:30-11:50 Jarðhiti á Grænlandi og rannsóknir á Diskóeyju Árni Hjartarson 11:50-12:10 Hvers vegna gýs Askja aðeins súrri kviku og basalti? Olgeir Sigmarsson 12:10-14:00 Aðalfundur Jarðfræðafélags Íslands og hádegismatur í Öskju Fundarstjóri Sóley Unnur Einarsdóttir 14:00-14:20 Stöðugar samsætur: Áhrif sjávarættaðrar fæðu á 14C aldursgreiningar íslenskra beina. Árný E. Sveinbjörnsdóttir 14:20-14:40 Hver eru tengsl efnahvarfaveðrunar og loftslags Eydís Salóme Eiríksdóttir 14:40-15:00 CarbFix – binding kolefnis í basalti: Efnafræði bergs og vatns á niðurrennslissvæðinu í Þrengslum, Hellisheiði. Helgi Arnar Alfreðsson 15:00-15:20 Stefnuhneigð jarðskjálftabylgna í skorpu og möttli Íslands Ingi Þorleifur Bjarnason 15:30 Pósterseta í Öskju Erindi 10+ ár samfelldra GPS mælinga á Íslandi – hvað höfum við lært? 1 Halldór Geirsson, Þóra Árnadóttir, Sigrún Hreinsdóttir, Judicael Decriem, Sabrina Metzger, Peter LaFemina, Rick Bennett, Sigurjón Jónsson, Austin Holland, Erik Sturkell, Thierry Villemin, Freysteinn Sigmundsson, Páll Einarsson og Þorgils Ingvarsson. -
Volcano House Register Volume 2
Haw VolcanoesNa al Park National Service Park The Volcano House Register, Volume 2 1873-1885 In this volume, on almost every page, there are entries in which a writer merely gives his name, date, times of arrival and departure, and destination. In the other volumes, whenever this occurs, I mention that I omitted such an entry, and give the page number. But because there are so many such entries in this particular volume, it would become tedious both for the transcriber to record and the reader to read every case of such omission; so I am doing it once only, here at the beginning of the document. On the page facing page 1, there is a rough table of contents, listing the page numbers of various maps and signatures of Kalakaua, Louis Pasteur, etc. In addition, there is a poem: Index Some good Some mediocre And much rotten For the Lord's sake Don't write unless You have somethingHawai'i Volcanoes Park To say & can say it. National Park Ser no signature and no date Between 11 and 12 last night Mokuaweoweo started action again. The wind has been from the southward, and the whole day a dense body of smoke has been passing over Kilauea and across Puna, off to sea. Evidently a much greater portion of the crater is in action than in the eruption of August last. Had a heavy thunder shower about dusk with hail and this evening there is considerable lightning. Weather hazy and top of mountain seldom visible. Kilauea quite active but no lava flowing. -
Water on the Moon, III. Volatiles & Activity
Water on The Moon, III. Volatiles & Activity Arlin Crotts (Columbia University) For centuries some scientists have argued that there is activity on the Moon (or water, as recounted in Parts I & II), while others have thought the Moon is simply a dead, inactive world. [1] The question comes in several forms: is there a detectable atmosphere? Does the surface of the Moon change? What causes interior seismic activity? From a more modern viewpoint, we now know that as much carbon monoxide as water was excavated during the LCROSS impact, as detailed in Part I, and a comparable amount of other volatiles were found. At one time the Moon outgassed prodigious amounts of water and hydrogen in volcanic fire fountains, but released similar amounts of volatile sulfur (or SO2), and presumably large amounts of carbon dioxide or monoxide, if theory is to be believed. So water on the Moon is associated with other gases. Astronomers have agreed for centuries that there is no firm evidence for “weather” on the Moon visible from Earth, and little evidence of thick atmosphere. [2] How would one detect the Moon’s atmosphere from Earth? An obvious means is atmospheric refraction. As you watch the Sun set, its image is displaced by Earth’s atmospheric refraction at the horizon from the position it would have if there were no atmosphere, by roughly 0.6 degree (a bit more than the Sun’s angular diameter). On the Moon, any atmosphere would cause an analogous effect for a star passing behind the Moon during an occultation (multiplied by two since the light travels both into and out of the lunar atmosphere). -
Appendix I Lunar and Martian Nomenclature
APPENDIX I LUNAR AND MARTIAN NOMENCLATURE LUNAR AND MARTIAN NOMENCLATURE A large number of names of craters and other features on the Moon and Mars, were accepted by the IAU General Assemblies X (Moscow, 1958), XI (Berkeley, 1961), XII (Hamburg, 1964), XIV (Brighton, 1970), and XV (Sydney, 1973). The names were suggested by the appropriate IAU Commissions (16 and 17). In particular the Lunar names accepted at the XIVth and XVth General Assemblies were recommended by the 'Working Group on Lunar Nomenclature' under the Chairmanship of Dr D. H. Menzel. The Martian names were suggested by the 'Working Group on Martian Nomenclature' under the Chairmanship of Dr G. de Vaucouleurs. At the XVth General Assembly a new 'Working Group on Planetary System Nomenclature' was formed (Chairman: Dr P. M. Millman) comprising various Task Groups, one for each particular subject. For further references see: [AU Trans. X, 259-263, 1960; XIB, 236-238, 1962; Xlffi, 203-204, 1966; xnffi, 99-105, 1968; XIVB, 63, 129, 139, 1971; Space Sci. Rev. 12, 136-186, 1971. Because at the recent General Assemblies some small changes, or corrections, were made, the complete list of Lunar and Martian Topographic Features is published here. Table 1 Lunar Craters Abbe 58S,174E Balboa 19N,83W Abbot 6N,55E Baldet 54S, 151W Abel 34S,85E Balmer 20S,70E Abul Wafa 2N,ll7E Banachiewicz 5N,80E Adams 32S,69E Banting 26N,16E Aitken 17S,173E Barbier 248, 158E AI-Biruni 18N,93E Barnard 30S,86E Alden 24S, lllE Barringer 29S,151W Aldrin I.4N,22.1E Bartels 24N,90W Alekhin 68S,131W Becquerei -
Alactic Observer Gjohn J
alactic Observer GJohn J. McCarthy Observatory Volume 5, No. 4 April 2012 B “Sometime they'll send more astronauts to the Moon —and I want to be one of them!” The John J. McCarthy Observatory Galactic Observvvererer New Milford High School Editorial Committee 388 Danbury Road Managing Editor New Milford, CT 06776 Bill Cloutier Phone/Voice: (860) 210-4117 Production & Design Phone/Fax: (860) 354-1595 Allan Ostergren www.mccarthyobservatory.org Website Development John Gebauer JJMO Staff Marc Polansky It is through their efforts that the McCarthy Observatory has Josh Reynolds established itself as a significant educational and recreational Technical Support resource within the western Connecticut community. Bob Lambert Steve Barone Allan Ostergren Dr. Parker Moreland Colin Campbell Cecilia Page Dennis Cartolano Joe Privitera Mike Chiarella Bruno Ranchy Jeff Chodak Josh Reynolds Route Bill Cloutier Barbara Richards Charles Copple Monty Robson Randy Fender Don Ross John Gebauer Ned Sheehey Elaine Green Gene Schilling Tina Hartzell Diana Shervinskie Tom Heydenburg Katie Shusdock Phil Imbrogno Jon Wallace Bob Lambert Bob Willaum Dr. Parker Moreland Paul Woodell Amy Ziffer In This Issue THE YEAR OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM .................................... 3 ASTRONOMICAL AND HISTORICAL EVENTS ...................... 11 OUT THE WINDOW ON YOUR LEFT ................................... 4 REFERENCES ON DISTANCES ........................................ 13 BILLY AND MONS HANSTEEN ............................................. 5 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION/IRIDIUM -
Ebook < Impact Craters on Mars # Download
7QJ1F2HIVR # Impact craters on Mars « Doc Impact craters on Mars By - Reference Series Books LLC Mrz 2012, 2012. Taschenbuch. Book Condition: Neu. 254x192x10 mm. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Neuware - Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 50. Chapters: List of craters on Mars: A-L, List of craters on Mars: M-Z, Ross Crater, Hellas Planitia, Victoria, Endurance, Eberswalde, Eagle, Endeavour, Gusev, Mariner, Hale, Tooting, Zunil, Yuty, Miyamoto, Holden, Oudemans, Lyot, Becquerel, Aram Chaos, Nicholson, Columbus, Henry, Erebus, Schiaparelli, Jezero, Bonneville, Gale, Rampart crater, Ptolemaeus, Nereus, Zumba, Huygens, Moreux, Galle, Antoniadi, Vostok, Wislicenus, Penticton, Russell, Tikhonravov, Newton, Dinorwic, Airy-0, Mojave, Virrat, Vernal, Koga, Secchi, Pedestal crater, Beagle, List of catenae on Mars, Santa Maria, Denning, Caxias, Sripur, Llanesco, Tugaske, Heimdal, Nhill, Beer, Brashear Crater, Cassini, Mädler, Terby, Vishniac, Asimov, Emma Dean, Iazu, Lomonosov, Fram, Lowell, Ritchey, Dawes, Atlantis basin, Bouguer Crater, Hutton, Reuyl, Porter, Molesworth, Cerulli, Heinlein, Lockyer, Kepler, Kunowsky, Milankovic, Korolev, Canso, Herschel, Escalante, Proctor, Davies, Boeddicker, Flaugergues, Persbo, Crivitz, Saheki, Crommlin, Sibu, Bernard, Gold, Kinkora, Trouvelot, Orson Welles, Dromore, Philips, Tractus Catena, Lod, Bok, Stokes, Pickering, Eddie, Curie, Bonestell, Hartwig, Schaeberle, Bond, Pettit, Fesenkov, Púnsk, Dejnev, Maunder, Mohawk, Green, Tycho Brahe, Arandas, Pangboche, Arago, Semeykin, Pasteur, Rabe, Sagan, Thira, Gilbert, Arkhangelsky, Burroughs, Kaiser, Spallanzani, Galdakao, Baltisk, Bacolor, Timbuktu,... READ ONLINE [ 7.66 MB ] Reviews If you need to adding benefit, a must buy book. Better then never, though i am quite late in start reading this one. I discovered this publication from my i and dad advised this pdf to find out. -- Mrs. Glenda Rodriguez A brand new e-book with a new viewpoint. -
The Western Qaidam Basin As a Potential
PUBLICATIONS Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets RESEARCH ARTICLE The western Qaidam Basin as a potential Martian 10.1002/2017JE005293 environmental analogue: An overview Key Points: Angélica Anglés1 and Yiliang Li1 • Martian analogues are still needed to understand the surface of Mars and 1Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong interpret the data received from rovers and landers • The Qaidam Basin contains many geomorphological structures and Abstract The early Martian environment is interpreted as warmer and wetter, before a significant change mineral materials comparable to those in its global climatic conditions irreversibly led to the current hyperarid environments. This transition is one of of modern Mars • The remarkable similarities make the the most intriguing processes of Martian history. The extreme climatic change is preserved in the salt Qaidam Basin a potential valuable deposits, desiccated landscapes, and geomorphological structures that were shaped by the evaporation of Martian analogue to study modern water. However, until a manned journey to Mars is feasible, many Martian materials, morphological geomorphic processes on Mars structures, and much of its evolutionary history will continue to be poorly understood. In this regard, searching and investigating Martian analogues are still meaningful. To find an Earth environment with a whole set of Martian structures distributed at a scale comparable to Mars is even more important to test Correspondence to: landing crafts and provide optimized working parameters for rovers. The western Qaidam Basin in North Y. Li, [email protected] Tibetan Plateau is such a Martian analogue. The area harbors one of the most extreme hyperarid environments on Earth and contains a series of ancient lakes that evaporated at different evolutionary stages during the rise of the Tibetan Plateau. -
Habitability Models for Planetary Sciences
White Paper for the Planetary Science and Astrobiology Decadal Survey 2023–2032 (July 14, 2020) Habitability Models for Planetary Sciences Abel Méndez, Planetary Habitability Laboratory, University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo, USA ([email protected]) Edgard G. Rivera-Valentín, Lunar and Planetary Institute, USRA, USA Dirk Schulze-Makuch, Technical University Berlin, Germany Justin Filiberto, Lunar and Planetary Institute, USRA, USA Ramses Ramírez, Earth-Life Science Institute, Japan Tana E. Wood, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service, Puerto Rico, USA Alfonso Dávila, NASA Ames Research Center, USA Chris McKay, NASA Ames Research Center, USA Kevin Ortiz Ceballos, Planetary Habitability Laboratory, University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo, Puerto Rico, USA Marcos Jusino-Maldonado, Planetary Habitability Laboratory, University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo, Puerto Rico, USA Guillermo Nery, University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo, Puerto Rico, USA René Heller, Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Germany Paul Byrne, North Carolina State University, USA Michael J. Malaska, Jet Propulsion Laboratory / California Institute of Technology, USA Erica Nathan, Brown University, USA Marta Filipa Simões, State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, China André Antunes, State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, China Jesús Martínez-Frías, Instituto de Geociencias (CSIC-UCM), Spain Ludmila Carone, Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Germany Noam R. Izenberg, Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, USA Dimitra Atri, Center for Space Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Humberto Itic Carvajal Chitty, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Venezuela Priscilla Nowajewski-Barra, Fundación Ciencias Planetarias, Chile Frances Rivera-Hernández, Dartmouth College, USA Corine Brown, Macquarie University, Australia Kennda Lynch, Lunar and Planetary Institute, USRA, USA David Catling, University of Washington, USA Jorge I. -
Mars: the Viking Discoveries
Mars: The Viking Discoveries Mars: The Viking Discoveries Bevan M. French Chief, Extraterrestrial Materials Research Program Office of Lunar and Planetary Programs Office of Space Sciences, NASA EP-146 October 1977 NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration Table of Contents The New Arrival 5 Why Mars? 5 Viking to Seek Answers 6 The Viking Spacecraft 6 A Viking's-Eye View 8 The Winds of Mars 12 The Chemistry of Mars 18 Three Chances for Life 20 From Mars to Einstein 22 What Next? 24 Appendix Suggestions for Further Reading 32 Experiments and Activities 33 Suggested Viewing 36 Cover photo: Twilight on Mars; from Viking 1 Lander, processed by computer. Inside front cover: Dawn on Mars; Viking 1 orbiter photo found early-morning fog filling this network of canyons on a high Martian plateau. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 Stock No. 033-000-00703-5 Preface Mars: The Viking Discoveries is the For assisting the author with helpful 17th NASA educational publication to advice, comments, and criticism, we outline the results of NASA's research thank the following: Dr. Richard S. activities in space sciences. Young, Director, Planetary Biology and Prepared in a format that will be Quarantine, Office of Space Science, useful to the teacher of basic courses NASA; Loyal G. Goff, Program in Earth science, Earth-space science, Scientist, and Walter Jakobowski, astronomy, physics, and geology, they Manager, Viking Program, Office of are also written in a style that will Space Science, NASA; Dr. Harry appeal to the well-informed, Herzer, Senior Specialist, NASA intellectually curious layman.