THE INTERNATIONAL COCONUT GENETIC RESOURCES NETWORK (COGENT) AND ITS POVERTY REDUCTION IN COCONUT GROWING COMMUNITIES’ INITIATIVE

Carlos B. Carpio1, Pons Batugal2, Rudy Coronel3, Jeffrey Olliver4 and Kanniah Jayashree5

Abstract

The International Coconut Genetic Resources Network (COGENT) is a global research network organized in 1992 to improve coconut production on a sustainable basis, increase income in developing countries through improved cultivation of the coconut and efficient utilization of its products' and promote a worldwide programme for the conservation and use of coconut genetic resources. Such an international network allows member countries to share experiences, best practices and technologies more efficiently and to find solutions to common problems more effectively for the common good. COGENT has grown to 38 member countries which have been actively coordinating international research in collaboration with member countries. Priority activities include the conservation and use of coconut genetic resources through establishing an International Coconut Genetic Resource Database; encouraging and utilization of existing germplasm collection, promoting safe germplasm exchange, information and technology sharing, and trainings.

In an effort to help reduce poverty in existing resource-poor coconut communities, eight developing member countries (DMCs) of the Asia-Pacific region, through the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute’s International Coconut Genetic Resources Network (IPGRI- COGENT), requested the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to support a three-year project entitled “Poverty Reduction in Coconut Growing Communities'. The project will empower resource-poor coconut farmers’ and socio-economically disadvantaged women to become village-level entrepreneurs. High-yielding, adapted and high-value coconut varieties will be identified, characterized and deployed to enhance genetic diversity and products from coconut; intercrops and livestock will be diversified to increase incomes, enhance food security and improve nutrition of the rural poor. The ovemding aim is to develop sustainable, coconut-based and village-level technologies that would increase farm mcomes and promote food security in 24 rural communities in 8 countries (Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Fiji Islands, Papua New Guinea (PNG), Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam) to help reduce poverty in these coconut­ growing communities. Using these successful communities as models, the project will convince individual country governments, development organizations and donors to replicate the project nationwide. With the help of county governments and donors, the project is envisioned to expand to 15 countries in 2005 and 25 countries by 2006.

1 Deputy Administrator, Philippines Coconut Authority (PCA) Quezon City, Philippines. 2 Senior Scientist, COGENT Coordinator, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia 3 Country Coordinator, COGENT, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia 4 COGENT Staff Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia 5 COGENT Staff, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

91 1. Introduction

Coconut farmers are suffering because their traditional products derived from the coconut, like copra, are currently suffering from unstable markets and decreasing international prices. As a result, the gross incomes of families who depend on it for their livelihoods average less than US $200 a year. The crop directly supports about 50 million resource-poor people. About 90 percent of the world coconut production comes from the Asian and Pacific region. In several Asia-Pacific countries, coconut contributes 15 to 50 percent of export earnings. Despite the low returns, farmers continue to grow coconut as it provides them a regular, although currently marginal source of income when fruits are harvested every 45 days. Likewise, coconut is traditionally a part of the rural food system and is a major source of nutrition for many rural communities. While there is tremendous potential to tap idle community labour, including women, to generate income from high-value coconut products and other income-generating technologies, these activities and strategies have yet to be put in place. Due to this low income, which is below the poverty line, farmers cannot afford to manage and conserve their precious diversity, nor invest more in improving coconut production, if they continued to produce the low-income raw materials like copra. There are opportunities for higher incomes in the other stages of the commodity chain such as in processing, marketing and consumption.

But poor coconut farmers cannot engage in these more profitable activities because they do not have access to village-level technologies, machineries, capital and markets. COGENT's "Poverty reduction in coconut growing communities" project illustrates opportunities to overcome these constraints. Though this project, promising village-level income-generating activities are sourced worldwide, introduced in coconut growing communities, tested and their viability assessed by community members. Viable technologies, which are identified after adequate testing, are supported with five capitals to make them sustainable, namely the natural, physical, social, financial and human capitals that are explained below.

Previous COGENT research projects demonstrated that incomes in poor growing coconut communities can be increased from five to ten times through a four-pronged strategy: 1) Increase coconut yields by deploying high-yielding and adapted varieties; 2) Increase incomes through the production and marketing of high-value coconut products from the kernel, husk, shell, water, wood and leaves; 3) Enhance food security and total farm productivity through intercropping with cash and food security crops; and 4) Enhance income and nutrition through livestock/fodder production.

However, the previous research projects also identified technical, institutional and market constraints that hinder the effective utilization of research results to benefit the poor, namely: 1) Affordable processing equipment, technological know-how and extension materials are not readily available from local sources and especially from other countries; and coconut growing communities are not receiving adequate support in this regard from government agencies; 2) Coconut growing communities are not organized and there is a need to strengthen leadership and increase participation of community members and women in income­ generating projects; 3) Lack of trained researchers and extension officers and inadequate collaborative linkages between these two groups and with farmers to source, introduce, adapt and sustain income-generating technologies;

92 4) Lack of access to high-yielding varieties and good-quality planting materials in adequate numbers and at affordable cost; 5) Lack of affordable credit to support the application of promismg socioeconomic interventions; and 6) Lack of markets for small volume of products and weak access to market information and market linkages.

2. The poverty reduction in coconut growing communities project The implementing agencies of the initial project are Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI); Peekay Tree Crop Development Foundation (PK Tree) and the Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI), India; Coconut Research Institute (CRI), Sn Lanka; Indonesia Centre for Estate Crops Research and Development (ICERD), Indonesia; Philippine Coconut Authority (PCA), Philippines; Oil Plants Institute (OPI), Vietnam; Ministry of Agriculture, Sugar and Land Resettlement (MASLR), Fiji; and Cocoa and Coconut Institute (CCI), Papua New Guinea. The locally based National Agricultural Research System (NARS) have adopted three project sites each as their research and extension service areas. The project is implemented by the NARS and extension service using participatory approach involving farmers and women. The project has five components which are, (1) capacity building through the development of community based organizations (CBOs) and training of farmers, women members, research and extension officers; (2) developing simple equipment, pilot production and marketing of high-value products for CBOs and women; (3) introduction of promising intercropping and livestock/fodder production technologies to augment farm incomes and food security; (4) development of community-managed income-generating coconut nursenes and deployment and conservation of promising selected local and introduced coconut varieties; and (5) dissemination and promotion of research results. At the community level, the project is implemented by the CBOs, which have been trained and empowered to manage and make decisions. To identify efficient village level income-generating technologies, COGENT documented these technologies and their income-earning level/profitability levels and these served as the basis for identifying promising technologies to be tested in the eight countries. Examples of the potential of high-value products are shown in Tables 1-3 below. Table 1. High-value coconut products from Vietnam Net income/unit/person/ No. Products Household (USS) 1 Handicraft from Coconut Shells 34.50/ person/ month 2 Handicraft from Coconut Wood 2.33/person/day 3 Coconut Shell Charcoal 62.10/person/month 4 Coconut Midrib Baskets 1,24/person/day 5 Coconut Single Ropes (Yams) 1.14/person/day 6 Coconut Coir Tapes 1.20/person/day 7 Door Mats from Coir Fiber 1.20/person/day 8 Snow Mats 1.00/person/day 9 Geotextile 1.40/person/day 10 Coconut Fiber Panel 11 Coconut Candies 1.30/person/day 12 Coconut Paper Cakes 1.30/person/day 13 Nata de Coco 42.20/household/month 14 Coconut Cheese 5 5.25/household/month 15 Coconut Yoghurt 49.12/household/month

93 Table 2. High-value coconut products from the Philippines

Net income / unit / Net income / factory No. Products person/household (US$) (USS) 1 Coconut Furniture Manufacture ROI of 20% 2 Coconut Wood Parquet Flooring ROI of 15% 3 Coir-wood-cement Board (CWCB) 36 000/yr 4 Stitched Fiber from Mixed Coir Fiber 24 000/yr 5 Beds from Manually Produces Coir Fiber 51 064/yr 6 Mixed Fiber (CH-3Grade) from Coconut Husk 120 000/yr 7 Coconut Water Vinegar 559/mo 8 Coconut Sap Sugar 226/ha/mo 9 Macaroons 4.00/per./dav 10 Coco Sap Syrup 826/mo 11 Nata de Coco 720/mo 12 Bukavo 11.80/hsld/dav 13 Lambanog (coconut toddy) 562/ha/mo 14 Dehydrated Buko ROI of 18% 15 Coconut Burger 80/dav 16 “Buko” Pie 23/hsld/dav 17 "Buko” Drink ROI of 70% 'O 4 ^ O 18 Maja Blanca s & ■ o ' 19 Coco Jam 59.36/per./mo. 20 Coconut Cookies 50.00/per./mo.

Table 3. Comparative profitability of a one-hectare coconut farm with & without intercrops

Fanning Practice Intercrops Province/Region Profit (USS)1 Coconut Alone2 181.80 Local Variety with Gabi Davao 68.87 Pineapple Laguna 90.91 Coffee Batangas 91.49 Papaya Cavite 127.27 Mustard Laguna (selected farms) 178.96 Pechay 198.96 African Daisy Cavite, Batangas 272.73 Coconut With Coffee + Papaya + Cavite 306.55 Pineapple

Coconut With Black Pepper Region 9 1124.38 Black Pepper Regions 10 and 11 1127.35 Coconut With Ampalaya,Upo, Patola, Cavite 1218.31 Squash, Banana, Cacao Coconut With' Sitao, Ampalaya, Quezon 1465.22 Squash, Papaya, Cacao SCTNP ZRC/ DRC 6 3 7 - 1274 Hybrid Coconut Alone ZRC 1090.91 (-31.82) 1059.10 ‘ Exchange rate: US$ 1 = Php 55.00 ^38 nuts/tree per year at Php 10.00/kg (US$ 0.20/kg) copra and 5 nuts/kg of copra ' 115 nuts/tree per year

94 To ensure that technologies are adopted, these are tested to make them technically feasible, financially viable, socially acceptable and environmentally safe. Viable technologies will be incorporated into village-level livelihoods activities of resource-poor farmers and women and the natural (genetic resources), physical (technologies and efficient village-level equipment), social (CBO), financial (microcredit system and revolving fund) and human capitals (trainings and capacity building) are developed to make them sustainable. The project will convince country governments, development agencies to support the replication of successful livelihoods intervention nationwide.

To date, the achievements of the project after two years of actual operation are as follows: • 24 CBOs established; • 5505 project participants trained on CBO members' responsibilities and 144 CBO officers trained on cooperative and microcredit system management; • Microcredit system and revolving fund established and strengthened in 28 communities; • 28 coconut nurseries producing and selling high-quality seedlings established; • 29 023 seednuts of local and introduced high-value varieties propagated in nurseries; • 21 846 high-quality seedlings planted and conserved on farm; • 777 farmers and women involved in livestock trials; • 1039 farmers and women involved in intercropping trials; • 647 farmers and women involved in the production of high-value products; • 37 public awareness materials published; • 13 technical articles published in participating countries; and • 10 999 farmers and women trained in various income-generating activities.

Annex 1 presents in more detail the achievements of the project in the last two years.

Documentation of the project’s framework and workplan, mobilization activities and achievements and impact are and will be described in the following publications: • Poverty reduction in coconut growing communities, Vol. I: The framework and project workplan. IPGRI-APO, Serdang, Malaysia 337 pp. (published in Dec 2003)

• Poverty reduction in coconut growing communities, Vol. IT: Mobilizing for Action. 2004. IPGRI-APO, Serdang, Malaysia (In press)

• Poverty reduction in coconut growing communities, Vol. HI: Achievements and impact. IPGRI-APO, Serdang, Malaysia (for release in September 2004) •

• COGENT Newsletter - Special edition on "Poverty reduction in coconut growing communities" with banner article entitled "Bringing international research to the villages" (for release in September 2004).

95 Annex 1

Table 1. Number of members in each CBO

No. of CBOs No. of Country Names of CBOs established members • Real (Quezon Province) Philippines 3 344 • Cauayan (Negros Occidental) • Balingasag (Misamis Oriental) • Dodanduwa Sri Lanka 3 683 • Thuththinpitigama • Wilpotha • Bandabila Bangladesh 3 450 • Chandrapara • Jamira • Vayalar India 3 1,593 • Pallikkara • Ariyankuppam • Hung Phong Vietnam 3 368 • Xu an Dong • Tam Quan • Won Indonesia 3 714 • Nonapan • Bongomeme • Tukavesi Fiji 3 454 • Belego Wailevu • Cicia Island • Murukanam Papua New Guinea 3 900 • T ransgogol • Karkar Island TOTAL for all 24 5505 countries

The 24 coconut-based rural communities were selected as project sites based on agroclimatic and socio-economic conditions in the eight participating countries (Table 1). The three CBOs were strengthened through training in each of the eight countries

Table 2. Number and types of varieties established in community nurseries

No. of No. of coconut seedlings/ Country Varieties propagated integrated seednuts nurseries propagated 183 mother palms, 125 of elite & India 2 458 dwarf + 150 seednuts BARI Nankel-1 (300), BARI Nankel- Bangladesh 3 2 (300), 10 seeednuts each from 5100 members

96 No. of No. of coconut seedlings/ Country Varieties propagated seednuts integrated propagated nurseries 3,000 seeds of Ran Pol, Thatin Pol, Juan Pol, Bhotal Thembili, 20 Dikiri Sri Lanka 6/2 3020 Pol, black pepper, cashew, vegetables, fruit trees MRD x MAKT, Aromatic, Pilipog Philippines 3/2 Laguna Tall, Synvar, fruit trees, 13 945 fodder, sweet potato, grasses/forages Aromatic coconut; other high-value, Vietnam 4/1 high yielding local varieties; fruit 500 crops 500 Won tall, 1,500 Mapanget tall, Indonesia 9 3500 1,500 Local tall Papua New Local tall, Markam tall, Renell tall, 3 3000 Guinea Sepik tall, 3 Hybnd, 10,000 cocoa Fiji 2 Local tall 20 TOTAL 28/5 29 523

Existing farmers’ varieties were characterized using a farmer participatory approach, propagated in the community-managed nurseries (Table 2) and planted by CBO members (Table 3). The community-managed coconut seedling nurseries were established to produce seedlings for sale to community members. High yielding palms were marked, from which seednuts were harvested then transferred and germinated in the nursery. Other high-yielding, adapted and high-value varieties are also being introduced. When germinated, seedlings from the nursery were sold to the CBO members to allow them to each plant at least five coconut seedlings a year. The profit from selling these seednuts/ seedlings will be divided among the project participants and the CBO. Selected high-yielding adapted and high-value varieties were also introduced and conserved on-farm. Molecular marker characterization using microsatellite kits are also being initiated on farmers’ varieties in the eight countries and in Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana, Tanzania, Brazil and Mexico. Important farmers and introduced varieties were conserved on- farm to enrich the diversity in farmers’ fields. A sustainable informal seed system has been established.

Table 3. Number and types of coconut seedlings planted by farmers

Number Country Varieties Seedlings Farmers

India To be earned out - - Bangladesh BARI Nankel 1 and 2 2255 300 Sn Lanka Ran Pol, Thatin Pol, Juan Pol, Bhotal 1951 323 Thembili, Dikiri Pol Philippines MRDxMAKT, Pilipog, Aromatic, 14317 209 local variety, Baybay tall, TACxTAG, CATxTAG, TAGxMRD Vietnam Aromatic variety, SOC (striped) 1515 209 variety

97 Indonesia Won Tall, Mapanget Tall, Local Tall 1808 205

Papua New Guinea To be carried out - -

Fiji To be carried out - - TOTAL 21 846 1246

Table 4. Types of livestock identified and being raised in the participating countries

No. of Country Kind/Type of livestock raised farmers involved Philippines 141 Poultry, fish (tilapia), water buffalo, goat, swine Sri Lanka 132 Poultry, bees, goat Bangladesh 191 Goat, poultry, duck India 61 Poultry, duck, pigeon, cattle, goat, rabbit, turkey Vietnam 130 Chickens, fish, goat, shnmps, swine, sow, cows Indonesia 102 Swine, poultry Fiji To be provided with young ewes, rams and 10 chickens (10), young sow and boar (10) Papua New Guinea Each farmer to be provided with two rabbits, 10 10 astrolabe birds and two ducks TOTAL 777

Table 5. Intercrops (annual, perennial and food security crops) identified by and being grown in the eight participating countries

No. of Country farmers Kind/Type of crop grown involved Philippines 202 Cassava, banana, vegetables, sweet potato, taro ginger, yam, watermelon, com, peanut Banana, papaya, cashew, sweet orange, pepper, Sri Lanka 180 vegetables, Solarium spp, maize, groundnut Banana, papaya, guava, bitter gourd, nbbed gourd, snake Bangladesh 100 gourd, teasel gourd, aroid, bean, bottle gourd, tomato, potato, chilli, ginger, turmeric, local fodder, upland rice Banana, pineapple, snake gourd, bottle gourd, bitter gourd, chili, arecanut palm, beetle leaf, foodcrops, ridge India 52 gourd, amaranthus, ladyfinger, tomato, brinjal, cassava, ragi, rice, stylosanthes, turmeric, tapioca, colocasia, yam Fodder: guinea grass, bajra napier grass, sorghum, Vietnam 96 Cash crops , food security crops, fodder Indonesia 77 Banana, peanut, com Capsicum, tomatoes, eggplant, carrots, watermelon, Fiji French beans, papaya, cabbage, cucumber, long beans Yam, taro, sweet potato, cassava, maize Vanilla, cocoa, sweet potato, com, taro, yam, banana, Papua New Guinea 332 vegetables TOTAL 1039

98 Table 6. Various high-value products produced by farmers in the participating countries

No. of farmers Country High-value products involved Philippines 88 Bukayo, buko pie, boat tart, vinegar, coconut-shell trays, coco sugar and coco sap Sn Lanka 148 coconut bracts handicrafts, brooms and doormats, virgin oil, coconut sweets, shell products, thawashi brushes, sp products, soap, ekel Bangladesh 79 Rope and doormat India 75 Shell-handicraft, wood products, coconut chips, vinegar, coir-products, snow-ball tendemut, vermicompost Vietnam 157 Coconut leaves baskets, basket frames, coconut shell bags, coconut dolls, coconut shell products, single rope, organic fertilizer from coir dust, copra, coconut candy Indonesia 80 Nata de coco, coconut candy, coco virgin oil, coconut shell charcoal Fiji 20 Doormats, geotextile, coconut toffee, ropes, coconut vinegar, coconut shell products, virgin oil, buko pie and coconut candy

Papua New Guinea - - TOTAL 647

Simple equipments for the production of high-value products from the coconut kernel, husk, shell, water, wood and leaves involving CBOs and women’s groups were installed and operational. To date, each participating country have produced and marketed various types of high-value products.

Table 7. Summary of regional and national training organized under the project

Participant Venue Title of training s/ country represented Philippine Coconut Authority, Training Course on Poverty Reduction in 33/3 Davao, Philippines Coconut Growing Communities Oil Plant Institute of Vietnam, Training Course on Communication, Vietnam Documentation, Public Awareness and 23/1 Facilitation Skills Development Sarangam, Philippines Training Course on Machineries and Equipment for Producing High-value Products 116/1 from Coconut Fiber Serdang, Malaysia Training Course for the Production of Coconut 32/1 Candy Manado, Indonesia Training Course for the Production of Coconut 20/1 Candy Manado, Indonesia Training Course on Communications and 11/1 Public Awareness Skills Development

99 Davao, Philippines Training Course on Producing Coconut-based Food Products (Bokaya, Buko Pie, Sugar, 75/8 Candies, Ice cream) Davao, Philippines Training Course on Producing Coconut Fiber- based Products

Researchers and extension officers were trained to enable them to effectively provide technical support in implementing various village-level income-generating activities. Farm productivity is also maximized through coconut-based intercropping by planting annual cash crops, food security crops and perennial cash crops as well as producing livestock feed/fodder (Table 8).

Table 8. Summary of marketable products identified based on market survey

Country Products identified Bangladesh HVP: vinegar, coconut milk, chutney powder, aromatic coco oil, roasted coconut grating & confectionery products, coir products/handicrafts, rope, doormats, tender nut Bandabila, Bagharpara, in Intercrops: banana, papaya, guava, vegetables (bitter gourd, Jessore ribbed gourd, snake gourd, teasel gourd, aroid, bean, bottle gourd tomato etc), potato, spices (chilli, zinger, turmeric) Livestock: goat, chicken HVP: vinegar, coconut milk, chutney powder, aromatic coco oil, roasted coconut grating & confectionery products, coir products/handicrafts, tender nut Chandrapara, Babugonj, in Bansal Intercrops: banana, papaya, guava, vegetables (bitter gourd, nbbed gourd, snake gourd, teasel gourd, aroid, bean, bottle gourd tomato etc), potato, spices (chilli, zmger, turmeric) Livestock: goat, chicken HVP: vinegar, coconut milk, chutney powder, aromatic coco oil, roasted coconut grating & confectionery products, coir products/handicrafts, tender nut Jamira, Phultalam, in Khulna Intercrops: banana, papaya, guava, vegetables (bitter gourd, ribbed gourd, snake gourd, teasel gourd, aroid, bean, bottle gourd tomato etc), potato, spices (chilli, zinger, turmeric) Livestock: goat, chicken, duck Fiji Tukavesi Community HVP: coconut shell products, coconut oil Intercrops: vegetables, taro Livestock: poultry, pork, sheep Belego Wailevu Community HVP: coconut shell products, doormats, ropes Intercrops: taro, other vegetables Livestock: sheep, poultry, cattle Cicia Island Community HVP: coconut shell products, doormats, ropes Intercrops: vegateables Livestock: pork, poultry (eggs, meat) India

100 Country Products identified HVP: coco chips, coconut milk, snowball tender nut, coconut candies Pallikkere Intercrops: Turmenc, pineapple, banana, tapioca, colocasia, yam banana, pachouli, pepper,and other vegetables Livestock: eggs, poultry, goat, chicken HVP: coco chips, coconut milk, snowball tender nut, coconut candies Ariyankuppam in Pondicherry Intercrops: Cassava, Ragi, nee and vegetables Livestock: eggs, goat, turkey, chicken HVP: vinegar, tender nut juice, coco milk, chutney powder, homemade aromatic coco oil, roasted coconut grating & confectionery, coconut shell-based products Vayalar in Kerala Intercrops: Turmenc, pineapple, banana, tapioca, colocasia, yam banana, pachouli, pepper,and other vegetables Livestock: eggs, goat, cows, chicken Indonesia Won Village in Won Distnct HVP: cooking oil, nata de coco Intercrops: lakatan, peanu Livestock: chicken, swine Nonapan Village in the Poigor HVP: nata de coco, shell charcoal, Distnct Intercrops: banana, peanut Livestock: chicken, duck Huntu Village in the HVP: nata de coco, shell charcoal Bongomeme Distnct Intercrops: com, banana, peanut Livestock: chicken Papua New Guinea Mukukanam Community HkT: virgin oil Intercrops: vanilla, banana, vegetable crops Livestock: rabbit, astrolabe birds & ducks Transgogol Community HVP: virgin oil Intercrops: vanilla, banana, vegetable crops Livestock: rabbit, astrolabe birds & ducks Karkar Community HVP: virgin oil Intercrops: vanilla, banana, vegetable crops Livestock: rabbit, astrolabe birds & ducks Philippines Barangay Malapad in Real, HVP: bukayo, buko pie, white oil, coco milk, coco lumber, Quezon Province coco shell products, broomsticks Intercrops: string beans, eggplant, bitter gourd, squash, cassava, banana, citrus, mango Livestock: pork, chicken, carabao, beef Barangay Cabling in Cauayan, HVP: vinegar, bukayo, boat tart, young tender nut juice, coco Negros Occidental milk, coco oil, toddy, coco shell products Intercrops: squash, potato, sayote, bitter gourd, latundan, saba, pineapple, jackfruit, papaya, mango, carrots Livestock: broiler, beef, pork, eggs, native chicken

101 Country Products identified Barangay Linabu in HVP: young tender nut, toddy, bukayo and other food Balingasag, Misamis Oriental products, sugar, sap products, shell products, dehusked nuts, dned copra Intercrops: sayote, bitter gourd, string beans, eggplant, squash, rambutan, lanzones, solo papaya, mango, cabbage, onions, pineapple, melon, carrots Livestock: eggs, pork, beef, native chicken, broiler, (goat) Sri Ixinka Dodanduwa in the Galle HVP: doormats, geotextiles, thawashi brushes Distnct Intercrops: banana, papaya, vegetables, pineapple Livestock: goat, chicken Thuththinpitigama, Hettipola in HVP: broom/broomstick, toddy, coconut oil, soap, treacle, the Kurunagala Distnct coir and ekel products, husk chips, thawashi brushes, doormat Intercrops: vegetables, banana, papaya, maize Solanum xanthorcarpum (medicinal plant) Livestock: beekeeping, chicken Wilpotha in the Puttalam HVP: bracts handicrafts, shell handicrafts, coconut oil, Distnct coconut candy and confectionery products Intercrops: ground nut, papaya, vegetables Solanum xanthorcarpum, Livestock: chicken, goat Vietnam Hung Phong Community in HVP: art-crafts from leaves, shell & fibers, caramel from ripe Giong Trom Distnct coconut water, glutinous nee with coco milk Intercrops: dunan, pomelo, mangoesteen, cocoa Livestock: shnmp, goat, chicken, honeybee Xuan Dong Community, in HIT: coir/fiber products, coco candy, copra, charcoal Tien Giang Province Intercrops: pomelo, cocoa, banana, lanzones Livestock: shnmp, fish, cow, goat, duck, pig Tam Quan Community in Binh HVP: coir products, coco candy, snow mats Dinh Province Intercrops: lanzones, legumes, cocoa Livestock: cow, chicken, goat, rabbit

Table 9. Publications and other PA materials produced

No. of Country No. of publications PA materials developed* produced** Philippines 7 1 Sn Lanka 2 2

Bangladesh 2 - India 9 5 Vietnam 8 3 Indonesia 6 2

Fiji - -

Papua New Guinea 3 - TOTAL for all countries 37 13

102 Initial research results of the project activities were developed and disseminated in appropriate extension and public awareness (brochures, newspaper articles, extension guides, bulletins, etc) and media materials to the farmers, extension workers, private sector and development agencies and publications (scientific papers, books, etc) to researchers

Table 10. List of training activities conducted for the members of the cooperatives / farmers (2002 and 2003)

Topic/Subject and number of participants Coconut CBO and Nursery Livestock high- Country Project site microcredit management Inter­ raising & value system and plant cropping feed/fodder products management propagation production processing Pallikkara in 212 100 9 0 100 8 K asa ra g o d India Ariyankuppam in 322 175 50 100 108 Pondicherry Vavalar in Kerala 661 100 119 2 2 2 223 Bandabila, Bagharpara. in 30 0 2 0 0 104 3 0 0 3 0 0 Jc sso rc B an g lad esh Chandrapara, Babugonj, in 30 0 2 0 0 104 3 0 0 3 0 0 B arisal Jamira, Phultalam, 3 0 0 2 0 0 104 3 0 0 3 0 0 in K h u ln a Dodanduwa in 39 3 0 50 182 45 Galle District Thuththinpitigama. Sri L an k a in Kurunagala 49 3 4 116 4 0 110 D istrict Wilpotha in 55 33 79 2 0 0 50 Puttalam District Barangav Malapad in Real, Quezon 38 14 46 132 41 P ro v in ce Philippines Barangav Cabling 129 10 41 13 18 in C a u a v a n Barangav Linabu 164 24 40 17 17 in Balingasag Hung Phong community in 112 100 93 25 27 G io n g T ro m Xu an Dong V ietn am community, in 107 10 100 51 53 T ien G ian g T am Q u an community in Binh 120 100 240 20 32 D inh In d o n esia Won Village in 138 6 7 53 50 3 6 Wori District Nonapan Village in the Poigor 233 74 53 53 3 0 D istrict

103 Topic/Subject and number of participants Coconut CBO and Nursery Livestock high- Country Project site microcredit management Inter­ raising & value system and plant cropping feed/fodder products management propagation production processing Huntu Village in B o n g o m em e 144 35 46 4 6 4 7 D istric t M u k u k a n am 11 11 11 11 11 P a p u a N ew co m m u n ity G u in e a T ra n sg o g o l 11 11 11 11 11 co m m u n ity Karkar community 11 11 11 11 11 Tukavcsi Dev't 138 138 50 138 150 Association Bclcgo Multi- Fiji 116 116 50 116 113 Racial Farmers Cicia Women's 243 243 50 243 218 Association TOIfAL 3953 2036 1711 2681 2259

104