COCONUT Post-Harvest Operations
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4.1 Cocos Nucifera Coconut
4.1 Cocos nucifera Coconut Valerie Hocher, [ean-Luc Verdeil and Bernard Malaurie IRD/CIRAD Coconut Program, UMR 1098 BEPC, IRD, BP 64501-911 Av. Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France 1. Introduction length and 30-120 cm deep and continu ously generate adventitious roots (Reynolds, 1.1. Botany and history 1988; Persley, 1992). Nutrients and water are absorbed by the rootlets. The coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.) is a rela The coconut palm 'trunk' is a stem with tively slow growing woody perennial species. no true bark, no branches and no cambium. It is the only species in the genus Cocos. All Secondary growth (increased stem diameter) forms known to date are diploid (2n = 2x = is by secondary enlargement meristem 32). No closely related species with even par located below the shoot meristem. Growth tial interfertility has been reported (Bourdeix depends on age, ecotype and edaphic condi et al., 2001). The lifespan of a coconut palm tions, but is generally between 30 and 100 cm can be > 60 years under favourable ecological per annum. The stem is surmounted by a conditions. Coconuts can grow to a height of crown of approx. 30 compound leaves, approx. 25 m (Ohler, 1999). which protect the terminal vegetative bud Optimum growing conditions for coconut and whose destruction causes the death of are in the lowland humid tropics at altitudes the palm. An adult coconut has virtually as < 1000 m near coastal areas in sandy, weII many unopened (20-30) as opened leaves. drained soils (Persley, 1992); however, Leaves are produced continuously at approx. -
Coconut Oil and Coconut Water: Are Coconuts the New Superfood?
DIVISION OF AGRICULTURE RESEARCH & EXTENSION Family and Consumer Sciences University of Arkansas System FSFCS90 Coconut Oil and Coconut Water: Are Coconuts the New Superfood? Jamie I. Baum, PhD Products containing coconut (e.g., population studies) that show a Assistant Professor continue to increase in popularity. link between high coconut-consuming Nutrition Products such as coconut oil and coco countries and longevity [1-2]. nut water are flooding the market. It is difficult to walk into a grocery store Coconut oil is considered a Rosemary Rodibaugh, without seeing a coconut-containing saturated fat and contains 9 calories PhD product on display. There are hundreds per gram. There are two basic types of fats – saturated and unsaturated. Professor - Nutrition of blogs and diets that sing the praises of health benefits they claim are linked Unsaturated fats are healthy fats and to coconut products, including weight include plant-based fats (such as loss, cancer prevention and improved vegetable oils and fats found in nuts, brain function in Alzheimer’s disease. avocados and seeds) and fish oils. Does this mean that coconuts are the These fats should be the primary fats next superfood? in your diet because they either do not affect cholesterol levels or they raise HDL (good) cholesterol without Coconut Oil raising LDL (bad) cholesterol. Coconut oil is an edible oil Saturated fats found in animal fats extracted from the “meat” of matured and tropical oils, including coconut oil, coconuts. It has several applications should be consumed only in small in the food industry. It is used in amounts because they raise both processed foods because it is relatively HDL (good) and LDL (bad) cholesterol. -
Coconut Water
COMPOSITION OF YOUNG COCONUT PRESERVATION TECHNIQUES FPDD Guide No. 5 - Rev. 2, Series of 2019 WATER Proximate g/100 g To prolong the shelf-life of coconut water, PHILIPPINE Energy 109 kJ various preservation techniques are recom- COCONUT Moisture 95.2 mended: Protein 0.2 AUTHORITY Fat 0.0 Ultra High Temperature (UHT) involves Ash 0.2 heating the water to 130 oC to 150 oC for 2-45 Fructose 2.4 ALBAY RESEARCH seconds; the product is aseptically packaged Glucose 2.7 ENTER Sucrose 1.5 in order to obtain a stable shelf -life (1 to 2 C Total Sugar 5-6.6 years at ambient temperatures), but affects the coconut water’s natural flavor. Minerals mg/100 g Calcium 12.0 Microfiltration is a type of physical filtration COCONUT PROCESSING Chlorine 118 process where a contaminated fluid is passed TECHNOLOGIES Magnesium 10-11.0 through a special pore-sized membrane to Manganese 1,020.0 separate microorganisms and suspended Phosphorus 9.0 Potassium 186-294 particles from the liquid Sodium 5-25 YOUNG Cold Preservation is the process that Vitamins Content involves filtration, bottling and temperature Nicotinic acid 0.64 µg/mL control ((0-4°C), allowing the bottled coconut COCONUT Riboflavin (Vit. B2) 0.01 µg/mL water to stay fresh from 10 days to 3 weeks Niacin (Vit. B3) 0.10 mg/100g and retain its natural flavour. This is the most Ascorbic Acid (Vit. C) 2.2-3.7 mg/mL preferred method for extending the shelf-life ATER of the coconut water W Amino Acids Mg/100mL Alanine 10 Arginine 32 Aspartic Acid 18 Glutamic Acid 43 Glycine 10 Isoleucine 8 FOOD PRODUCT -
SNACKS) Tahu Gimbal Fried Tofu, Freshly-Grounded Peanut Sauce
GUBUG STALLS MENU KUDAPAN (SNACKS) Tahu Gimbal Fried Tofu, Freshly-Grounded Peanut Sauce Tahu Tek Tek (v) Fried Tofu, Steamed Potatoes, Beansprouts, Rice Cakes, Eggs, Prawn Paste-Peanut Sauce Pempek Goreng Telur Traditional Fish Cakes, Egg Noodles, Vinegar Sauce Aneka Gorengan Kampung (v) Fried Tempeh, Fried Tofu, Fried Springrolls, Traditional Sambal, Sweet Soy Sauce Aneka Sate Nusantara Chicken Satay, Beef Satay, Satay ‘Lilit’, Peanut Sauce, Sweet Soy Sauce, Sambal ‘Matah’ KUAH (SOUP) Empal Gentong Braised Beef, Coconut-Milk Beef Broth, Chives, Dried Chili, Rice Crackers, Rice Cakes Roti Jala Lace Pancakes, Chicken Curry, Curry Leaves, Cinnamon, Pickled Pineapples Mie Bakso Sumsum Indonesian Beef Meatballs, Roasted Bone Marrow, Egg Noodles Tengkleng Iga Sapi Braised Beef Ribs, Spicy Beef Broth, Rice Cakes Soto Mie Risol Vegetables-filled Pancakes, Braised Beef, Beef Knuckles, Egg Noodle, Clear Beef Broth 01 GUBUG STALLS MENU SAJIAN (MAIN COURSE) Pasar Ikan Kedonganan Assorted Grilled Seafood from Kedonganan Fish Market, ‘Lawar Putih’, Sambal ‘Matah’, Sambal ‘Merah’, Sambal ‘Kecap’, Steamed Rice Kambing Guling Indonesian Spices Marinated Roast Lamb, Rice Cake, Pickled Cucumbers Sapi Panggang Kecap – Ketan Bakar Indonesian Spices Marinated Roast Beef, Sticky Rice, Pickled Cucumbers Nasi Campur Bali Fragrant Rice, Shredded Chicken, Coconut Shred- ded Beef, Satay ‘Lilit’, Long Beans, Boiled Egg, Dried Potato Chips, Sambal ‘Matah’, Crackers Nasi Liwet Solo Coconut Milk-infused Rice, Coconut Milk Turmeric Chicken, Pumpkin, Marinated Tofu & -
Ofero A. Caparino, Ph.D. Division Chief, Bioprocess Engineering Division Philmech
Ofero A. Caparino, Ph.D. Division Chief, BioProcess Engineering Division PHilMech Philippine Center for Postharvest Development and Mechanization CLSU Compound Science City of Munoz Nueva Ecija Tel: 044-4560-213 68 out of 79 3.61 B provinces are nuts coconut areas 2.7 B nuts 340 M bearing trees 8.92 B 15.31 B nuts/year nuts Reference: PCA, 2013) WORLD TOP TEN COCONUT PRODUCERS (FAOSTAT, 2013) 15.31 B nuts/year 20,000,000 18,000,000 (Average 2007-2011) 16,000,000 14,000,000 12,000,000 10,000,000 8,000,000 6,000,000 4,000,000 2,000,000 ‐ PRODUCTION COCONUT MACHINERY, PRIMARY VALUE‐ADDED MARKET SALES EQUIPMENT for INCOME INPUTS PARTS PROJECT PRODUCT PRODUCTS R&D, COOKING OIL OILMILLS OIL SOAPS PRODUCTION MEAT DETERGENTS RESOURCES KERNEL PROCESSING COPRA LIVESTOCK FEEDS MACHINERY MEAL Nursery/Seed Gardens ROPES, GEOTEXTILES BEATING MACHINE, FIBER DOORMATS, BASKETS HUSK DECORTICATOR, BALER, 1‐ & 2‐PLY ORGANIC FERTILIZER ROPE TWINER, Farmers/ COIR DUST ROOTING MEDIA Planting DOORMAT EQUIPMENT HORTICULTURE POTS DOMESTIC AND …creating new JAGGERY, COCONECTAR, EXPORT TODDY Fertilization SAP COCOSUGAR, LUMBANOG MARKETS WINE, VINEGAR Pest demands in the Management COCONUT Coconut COCONUT JUICE, VINEGAR, NATA emerging markets WATER WaterWATER DE COCO, WINE LATHE, CUTTER, ACTIVATED worldwidePOLISHER, CHARCOAL CHARCOAL SHELL HANDICRAFT Harvest FORMED FASHION ACCESSORIES, MACHINERY PRODUCTS BELTS, BUTTONS, HANDICRAFTS WOOD WOOD, WOOD, HANDICRAFTS, LUMBER LUMBER FURNITURES LEAVES, LEAF SHEATHS, HATS, SLIPPERS, BASKETS, STIPULES BAGS, HANDICRAFTS FRUIT TRAYS, PICTURE INFLORESCENCE FRAMES, PLACE MATS, BLINDS, ARTIFICIAL FLOWERS Flowchart of Supply and Value of Coconut and Coconut Products in the Philippines , Coconut industry strategic plan for Philippine Agriculture 2010 Sources of cocowater – Large desiccated coconut processing plants Some health benefits of coconut water Use for intravenous hydration of patients in remote areas (Campbell‐Falck et al.,2000). -
STB Singapore Insider 2017
39036SIAG_Brand13_Venice_148x210_SG Insider_Apr17_Inc.indd 1 28/3/17 10:19 AM HANDY TIPS 02 Useful information Happy about Singapore birthday, WHAT’S ON 04 Exciting events in Singapore! the months ahead The Lion City turns 52 on 9 August, and you’re about to witness a slew of fun-filled festivities across the island RETAIL THERAPY during this period. 20 Singapore’s shopping hotspots and what to Aside from celebrating buy from there Singapore’s birthday at the National Day Parade with COVER STORY spectacular firework displays 11 Illustrator Eeshaun to look out for, the 2017 shares his favourite spots FORMULA 1 SINGAPORE in Singapore ARILINES SINGAPORE GRAND PRIX rolls into town – DAY TRIPPER bringing you a thrilling weekend 12 These day and night tours of electrifying live performances will show you alternative and exhilarating action on and sides of Singapore THE EAT LIST off the track. 24 Hawker highlights and the hottest tables in town What’s more? Revel in the celebrations of art at the Singapore Night Festival BY NIGHT and Singapore International 28 Cool bars and clubs to Festival of Arts. Also, not to be drink and be merry missed is the oh-so-popular Epicurean Market where a rare gastronomic affair awaits at Marina Bay Sands. But the fun doesn’t stop there – with plenty more exciting gigs, parties, shopping events and new restaurants on the ESSENTIAL 14 SINGAPORE horizon, Singapore will leave you FAMILY FUN breathless, that’s for sure! City must-dos and neighbourhood guides 30 Things to do with for every visitor the little ones FOUNDER Chris Edwards THE HONEYCOMBERS STB is not responsible for the accuracy, completeness [email protected] or usefulness of this publication and shall not be MANAGING DIRECTOR Hamish Mcdougall liable for any damage, loss, injury or inconvenience HO PRINTING SINGAPORE PTE LTD arising from or in connection with the content of EDITOR Zakaria Muhammad 31 Changi South Street 1 Singapore 486769 this publication. -
FIC-Prop-65-Notice-Reporter.Pdf
FIC Proposition 65 Food Notice Reporter (Current as of 9/25/2021) A B C D E F G H Date Attorney Alleged Notice General Manufacturer Product of Amended/ Additional Chemical(s) 60 day Notice Link was Case /Company Concern Withdrawn Notice Detected 1 Filed Number Sprouts VeggIe RotInI; Sprouts FruIt & GraIn https://oag.ca.gov/system/fIl Sprouts Farmers Cereal Bars; Sprouts 9/24/21 2021-02369 Lead es/prop65/notIces/2021- Market, Inc. SpInach FettucIne; 02369.pdf Sprouts StraIght Cut 2 Sweet Potato FrIes Sprouts Pasta & VeggIe https://oag.ca.gov/system/fIl Sprouts Farmers 9/24/21 2021-02370 Sauce; Sprouts VeggIe Lead es/prop65/notIces/2021- Market, Inc. 3 Power Bowl 02370.pdf Dawn Anderson, LLC; https://oag.ca.gov/system/fIl 9/24/21 2021-02371 Sprouts Farmers OhI Wholesome Bars Lead es/prop65/notIces/2021- 4 Market, Inc. 02371.pdf Brad's Raw ChIps, LLC; https://oag.ca.gov/system/fIl 9/24/21 2021-02372 Sprouts Farmers Brad's Raw ChIps Lead es/prop65/notIces/2021- 5 Market, Inc. 02372.pdf Plant Snacks, LLC; Plant Snacks Vegan https://oag.ca.gov/system/fIl 9/24/21 2021-02373 Sprouts Farmers Cheddar Cassava Root Lead es/prop65/notIces/2021- 6 Market, Inc. ChIps 02373.pdf Nature's Earthly https://oag.ca.gov/system/fIl ChoIce; Global JuIces Nature's Earthly ChoIce 9/24/21 2021-02374 Lead es/prop65/notIces/2021- and FruIts, LLC; Great Day Beet Powder 02374.pdf 7 Walmart, Inc. Freeland Foods, LLC; Go Raw OrganIc https://oag.ca.gov/system/fIl 9/24/21 2021-02375 Ralphs Grocery Sprouted Sea Salt Lead es/prop65/notIces/2021- 8 Company Sunflower Seeds 02375.pdf The CarrIngton Tea https://oag.ca.gov/system/fIl CarrIngton Farms Beet 9/24/21 2021-02376 Company, LLC; Lead es/prop65/notIces/2021- Root Powder 9 Walmart, Inc. -
Batavia Arrack Van Oosten Batavia Arrack Van Oosten
Batavia Arrack van Oosten Batavia Arrack van Oosten An Indonesian spirit essential to colonial-era Punch. An Indonesian spirit essential to colonial-era Punch. Made from fresh sugar-cane juice and fermented Made from fresh sugar-cane juice and fermented red rice, resulting in a spirit that combines a smoky red rice, resulting in a spirit that combines a smoky fruitiness with a vegetal funk. fruitiness with a vegetal funk. v Unique flavor profile soaks up tea, lemon and v Unique flavor profile soaks up tea, lemon and sugar in the traditional Punch bowl sugar in the traditional Punch bowl v Bottled at elevated proof without aging v Bottled at elevated proof without aging v Adds depth to cocktails; try as the base of a v Adds depth to cocktails; try as the base of a long drink with ginger beer or tonic long drink with ginger beer or tonic Raffles Cocktail Raffles Cocktail Build in a collins glass Build in a collins glass filled with ice: filled with ice: 1.5 oz Batavia Arrack 1.5 oz Batavia Arrack van Oosten van Oosten 3 oz ginger ale 3 oz ginger ale 0.75 oz lime juice 0.75 oz lime juice More at alpenz.com More at alpenz.com Batavia Arrack van Oosten Batavia Arrack van Oosten An Indonesian spirit essential to colonial-era Punch. An Indonesian spirit essential to colonial-era Punch. Made from fresh sugar-cane juice and fermented Made from fresh sugar-cane juice and fermented red rice, resulting in a spirit that combines a smoky red rice, resulting in a spirit that combines a smoky fruitiness with a vegetal funk. -
Oilseeds and Products Update
Required Report: Required - Public Distribution Date: November 30,2020 Report Number: ID2020-0039 Report Name: Oilseeds and Products Update Country: Indonesia Post: Jakarta Report Category: Oilseeds and Products Prepared By: Arif Rahmanulloh Approved By: Garrett Mcdonald Report Highlights: Weaker demand due to COVID-19 has reduced palm oil exports by 2 million tons. 2020 biodiesel distribution falls short of allocation as the diverging diesel price spread continues to threaten Indonesia’s B30 mandate. Senior Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) officials suggest new restrictions on soybean imports in the government regulations to implement an Omnibus Jobs Creation Law. THIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY USDA STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICY Commodity: Oil, Palm Production Post maintains 2020/21 palm oil production at 42.5 million tons, an increase from 41.5 million tons in 2019/20 (see GAIN ID2020-0009). The national weather agency (BMKG) projected a La Nina event will impact Indonesia, causing higher than normal rainfall during the final quarter of 2020 before subsiding in February 2021. The higher levels of rainfall are expected to improve yields in areas where other inputs such as fertilizer are maintained. Consumption Based on the latest Biofuels Producer Association (APROBI) data, year-to-date biodiesel distribution reached 6.4 billion liters through September 2020, slightly lower than previous estimates. Annualized, total biodiesel distribution in 2020 is expected to reach 8.5 billion liters, 88 percent of total government allocation. Biodiesel exports have declined significantly to 24 million liters due to strong competition from cheaper fossil diesel. -
Coconut/Cashew Feni
5 COCONUT/CASHEW FENI PRODUCT CODE : N. A. QUALITY AND STANDARDS : The unit may produce the products as per the following B.I.S. Specifications:— 1. Country Spirit (Distilled) IS 5287:1978 2. Methods of Sampling for Alcoholic Drinks IS 3753:1967 3. Methods of test for alcoholic drinks IS 3752:1967 PRODUCTION CAPACITY : Cashew/Coconut Feni 65000 bottles @Rs.130 per bottle Value : Rs. 84.50 MONTH AND YEAR : March, 2003 OF PREPARATION PREPARED BY : Small Industries Service Institute, 65/1 GST Road, Guindy, Chennai -600 032. Phone Nos: 2341011-13 Fax: 2341014 E-mail: [email protected] INTRODUCTION manufacturing ‘Cashew Feni’ and ‘Cashew Arrack’ can be encouraged. Cashew Feni unlike Indian Made Since, this is a seasonal product, Foreign Liquor (IMFL) viz.; Brandy, coconut taddy can also be distilled in the Whisky, Rum, Gin etc, is not made by unit during off season to manufacture blending of spirits but is distilled coconut feni and coconut arrack. exclusively from the pure fermented juice of cashew apples, without addition MARKET POTENTIAL of any extraneous matter. Similarly, coconut feni is a product distilled from Cashew apple is a valuable source of pure coconut taddy. sugar, vitamins and minerals. It is It is estimated that about 22 lakhs observed that the Vitamin-C content in tonnes of cashew apple fruits are Cashew apple is five times more than available in the country. Most of the that in citrus fruits. The cashew feni has fruits are at present wasted and proved to be a foreign exchange earner practically not utilised by the industry in in Goa. -
Report Name: Oilseeds and Products Annual
Required Report: Required - Public Distribution Date: March 19,2020 Report Number: ID2020-0004 Report Name: Oilseeds and Products Annual Country: Indonesia Post: Jakarta Report Category: Oilseeds and Products Prepared By: Arif Rahmanulloh Approved By: Garrett Mcdonald Report Highlights: Palm oil production is expected to reach 43.5 million tons in 2020/21 as increased area is partially offset by lower yields resulting from fewer inputs and sub-optimal rainfall during 2018-2019. Palm oil exports and soybean imports for 2019/20 are revised downward due to expected weaker demand overseas and domestically as a result of the coronavirus pandemic. THIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY USDA STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICY Commodities Oil, palm Production In January 2020, the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) officially released updated oil palm plantation area data through the publication of MOA Decree 833/2019 (see Oilseeds January 2020 update). Based on updated data, planted area for Indonesia palm increased significantly from 14.67 million hectares (MOA Ditjenbun, June 2019) to 16.38 million hectares. Figure 1: Indonesia Palm Planted Area Update (left) and Harvested Area (right), thousand ha 18,000 16,000 16,000 14,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 12,000 8,000 10,000 6,000 8,000 4,000 6,000 2,000 4,000 0 200200200201201201201201201201201201201 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 MOA Ditjenbun (June, 2019) Post, Updated Updated USDA Official Source: Post calculation, MOA, Seed Producer’s Association Although the increased area suggests larger overall production, Post expects total production to increase by only one million tons over the previous marketing year due to lower yields resulting from decreased use of fertilizers and sub-optimal rainfall in key growing regions (Figure 2). -
Arrack, Arak, Raki, Arkhi. This
Oft-overlooked and very much misunderstood, arrack has played a key role in drinks history, say Anistatia Miller and Jared Brown arrack rrack, arak, raki, arkhi. This claim to the island in 1619. (The city was should be confusing. These are not renamed Djakarta following the Japanese A all the same spirit, and people have occupation in 1942). been getting them mixed up for as long Batavia arrack was immensely popular as international travel has brought them in early 18th century London. Considered to the attention of international travellers. superior to Caribbean rum, it was a higher- Arak and raki are Middle Eastern, grape- priced option for tavern-goers ordering based spirits that are flavoured with anise. punch. Punch came from India, brought Arkhi, from Mongolia, is distilled from to Britain, in the late 1500s, by sailors who koumis, fermented mare’s milk that is were enamoured of its remarkable flavour. frequently described as one of the least- Punch’s original base spirit was arrack. pleasant beverages ever consumed for A 1737 illustration of a satirically pleasure. And arrack was once a Hindi proposed monument to notorious Covent umbrella-term for all distilled spirits: Garden coffee house owner Tom King one intrepid explorer wrote, in 1825, featured casks of arrack and brandy, but ‘The natives call our gin, English arrack.’ no gin. Arrack was the drink of those who But arrack is not all spirits. It is one could afford better than the basics. very pleasant – and almost completely forgotten – liquor produced in India, CEYLON ARRACK Sri Lanka, Java, and the Philippines.