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Contribución Al Estudio De Los Pezizales (Ascomycotina) De Costa Rica

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Contribución Al Estudio De Los Pezizales (Ascomycotina) De Costa Rica CONTRIBUCIÓN AL ESTUDIO DE LOS PEZIZALES (ASCOMYCOTINA) DE COSTA RICA por 1 F. D. CALONGE , T. ITURRIAGN, M. MATA' & J. CARRANZA' I Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2. E- 280 l4 Madrid, España. e-mail: [email protected] 2 Dpto. Biología de Organismos, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas, Venezuela. e-mail: [email protected] ) INBio, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, A.P. 22-3100, Santo Domingo, Heredia, Costa Rica. e-mail: [email protected] , Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica. e-mail: [email protected] Summary. CALONGE, F. D., T. ITURRIAGA, M. MATA & J. CARRANZA (2003). Contribution to the study ofthe Pezizales (Ascomycotina) ofCosta Rica. Bol. Soco Micol. Madrid 27: 21-32. More than 400 herbarium collections ofPezizales have been observed during the confection ofthis work. As a result ofthis research on the taxonomy, chorology and ecology ofthese fungi, 46 taxa have been identified, and within them the following six species represent new records to Costa Rica: Aurophora dochmia, Glaziella allrantiaca, Gyromitra esculenta, Morchella esculenta, Plectania rhytidia and Winnea gigantea. Key words: Pezizales, taxonomy, chorology, ecology, Central America, Costa Rica. Resumen. CALONGE, F. D., T. ITURRIAGA, M. MATA & J. CARRANZA (2003). Contribución al estudio de los Pezizales (Ascomycotina) de Costa Rica. Bol. Soco Micol. Madrid 27: 21-32. Se han revisado más de 400 colecciones de herbario pertenecientes a los Pezizales, y se ha seguido una investigación de la taxonomía, corología y ecología de los mismos. Como resultado de este tra­ bajo se han identificado 46 táxones, entre los cuales pensamos que los seis siguientes representan nuevos registros para Costa Rica: Aurophora dochmia, Glaziella aurantiaca, Gyromitra esculenta, Morchella esculenta, Plectania rhytidia y Winnea gigantea. Palabras clave: Pezizales, taxonomía, corología, ecología, América Central, Costa Rica. INTRODUCCIÓN contenida en la base de datos ATTA (INBio), así como los datos de las colecciones realizadas por El motivo de este trabajo se debe, básicamente, a Luis Diego Gómez y por Teresa Iturriaga. una estancia de seis meses en Costa Rica, que tuvo No son muchos los trabajos publicados sobre el primer autor, financiada por el Ministerio de Ascomycotina de Costa Rica, pero las aportacio­ Educación de España. En ese tiempo se revisaron nes más interesantes, llevadas a cabo hasta el mo­ los Pezizales de los tres herbarios más importantes mento, se podrían resumir como exponemos a del país. Además, se ha incluido la información continuación. Bol. soco Micol. Madrid 27. 2003 21 F. D. CALONGE, T. ITURRIAGA, M. MATA & J. CARRANZA Sin lugar a dudas, GÓMEZ (1971, 1972, 1974, Tal vez se trate de variedades o formas de A. au­ 1983); HERÑÁNDEZ & GÓMEZ (1975); PFIS­ rantia (DENISON, 1963). TER & GÓMEZ (1978) y DENISON (1963, 1965, 1967, 1969,1972) son los autores que mejores Antllracobia melanoma (Alb. & Schw.: Fr.) aportaciones han hecho en pro de la micología Boud., Hist. Class. Discom. d'Europe : 65 (1907) costarricense y, por supuesto, en el estudio de los Pezizales. En menor cuantía se deben citar los tra­ Colecciones: San José, km. 56 Carretera bajos de PFISTER (1979); PADEN (1977) y CA­ Panamericana Sur, 2700-2900 m. L. D. Gómez LONGE & MATA (2002). 22092a, CR. El orden seguido en la presentación de los táxo­ nes es el alfabético simple, tomando como refe­ Iodopllanus carneus (Pers.: Fr.) Korf, apud rencia los rangos de género y especie. No conside­ Kimbr. & Korf, Am. J. Bot. 54: 19 (1967) ramos el rango de familia por ser un concepto en =Ascophanus carneus (Pers.: Fr.) Boud. continuo estado de cambio. Como datos adiciona­ les se incluyen, en la medida de 10 posible, nombre Colecciones: Apotecio circular, carnoso, rojizo, del recolector, localidad, ecología, substrato, fe­ 2-3 mm diam., sobre tronco muerto. Raro. Bosque cha de recolección y números de herbario y cua­ de Bahía Iglesias (GÓMEZ, 1983). derno personal de campo del recolector. AuropllOra doc/zmia (Berk. & M. A.Curtis apud Catálogo de especies estudiadas Berk.) Rifai, in The Australasian Pezizales in Herb. Kew., Verh. Konink. Nederl. Ak. Wetens. Aleuria aurantia (Pers.) Fuckel, Jahrb. Nass. AFD. Natuurk. 57:52-52. (1968) Vereins Naturk. 23-24 : 325 (1870) Colecciones: Limón, Área de Conservación La Colecciones: San José, Villa MilIs, La Amistad Caribe, Reserva Biológica de Hitoy Georgina, 13 Octubre 1964, W. C. Denison Cerere, Sendero Espavel, sobre madera muerta, 16 (CR43393); San José, Carretera Panamericana, Mar. 2000, M. Umaña 888(INB 3099307). km. 94, 28 Agosto 1964, W. C. Denison (CR43392); San Isidro, km 24 dirección Norte, El material estudiado coincide con la descrip­ Carretera Panamericana, W. C. Denison, 23 Junio ción de RIFAI (1968) para esta especie, a excep­ 1962, W. C. Denison (CR58770); Heredia, El ción de las estrías longitudinales de las esporas, Gallito, 8 Septiembre 1964, W. C. Denison que no hemos podido distinguir con claridad; tal (CR43395). Cartago, Volcán Irazú, en bosque de vez debido a que estén inmaduras. Con respecto a roble aislado utilizado para el cultivo de papas, su distribución, DENISON(1969) la menciona 2900 m, abundante. L. D. Gómez 2222, CR, FM. para Cuba, Puerto Rico, Madagascar y Australia, y es posible que tambien esté presente en Es una especie cosmopolita, frecuente en Costa Centroamérica. De momento, pensamos que es Rica, y por tanto de innecesaria descripción. nueva para Costa Rica. Dignas de comentar son varias colecciones, del herbario CR, de aspecto similar, no muy bien con­ Cllei/ymeniafimicola (de Not. & Bagl.) Dennis, servadas, que responden a los nombres siguientes: British Ascomycetes :45 ( 1978) Aleuria costaricence, 23 Jun. 1962, W. C. Denison =Chei/ymenia coprinaria (Cooke) Boud. CR58773; Aleuria rubra, 28 Ago. 1964 CR43389; 29 Oct. 1964, W. C. Denison CR43391; Aleuria Los apotecios son disciformes, sésiles, de 4-6 sanguinea, 25 Jun. 1962, W. C. Denison mm de diámetro y de color anaranjado. Es una es­ CR58774; CR58775 . pecie frecuente en Costa Rica, que crece sobre es­ Como no hemos podido localizar la descripción tiércol de herbívoros. Existen numerosas coleccio­ de estos táxones, recolectados por Denison, no nes en el herbario CR, y en el trabajo de DENI­ queremos definimos sobre su posible identidad. SON (1963). 22 Bol. Soco Mico!. Madrid 27. 2003 CONTRIBUCIÓN AL ESTUDIO DE LOS PEZ/ZALES (ASCOMYCOT/NA) DE COSTA RICA Chei/ymenia theleboloides (Alb. & Schw.:Pers.) pelos hialinos o coloreados, a modo de tricomas, Boud., Hist. Class. Discom. Europ.: 62 (1907) en la cara externa y margen del apotecio; mientras que C. speciosa posee únicamente una fila de pe­ Colecciones: Cartago, Parque Nacional Volcán los muy cortos, hialinos, en hilera, en el margen. Irazú, valle del cráter del volcán, sobre estiércol de Presenta también distribución pantropical (DENI­ vaca, 19 Jun. 1962, W. C. Denison CR58795. SON, 1967), Y se encuentra en todos los bosques Los apotecios son parecidos a los de la especie húmedos de Costa Rica, también sobre madera anterior, algo más pequeños, pero la diferencia en­ muerta, como la anterior. tre ambas está en los pelos de la cara externa del apotecio; pardos en C. jimicola e hialinos en C. Cookeina venezuelae (Berk. & M. A. Curtis ex theleboloides. Crecen de forma gregaria, forman­ Cooke) Le Gal, Les Discomycetes de Madagascar do céspedes, sobre estiércol de vaca, y presentan : 239 (1953) un color más claro, amarillento. Parece ser una es­ pecie igualmente frecuente en Costa Rica (DENI­ Colecciones: Puntarenas, Área de Conserva­ SON, 1963), fácil de confundir con la anterior. ción La Amistad-Pacífico Zona Protectora Tablas, Cerro Pelón, sobre madera muerta, 14 Jun. 1999, Cookeina colensoi (Berk.) Seaver ss. Le Gal, E. Navarro 1044 INB 1546107; Alajuela, San Mycologia 5: 191 (1913) Ramón, 13 Sept. 1964, W. C. Denison CR43396; Colecciones: Isla de Cocos, Bahía Iglesias, en Reserva Leonel Oviedo, San Pedro, Montes de bosque aclarado con Rhynchospora, por encima Oca, 9 Nov. 1998, A. Jiménez USJ66l83; de la primera catarata del río Genio. L. D. Gómez Puntarenas, Coto Brus, Las Mellizas, 5 JuI. 1998, IC-1032, Mar. 1970. Esta muestra debe estar en R. E. Halling USJ66002; Puntarenas, Área de los herbarios F y K (GÓMEZ, como pers.). Conservación La Amistad-Pacífico, Estación Esta es la única referencia que hemos encontra­ Biológica Las Alturas, 27 Sept. 2000, E. Navarro do de C. colensoi en Costa Rica. GÓMEZ (1983) 2580,INB 3113541; Área de Conservación La afirma que se parece mucho a C. speciosa externa­ Amistad-Pacífico, Fila Chiquizá, Las Tablas, JuI. mente, pero sus esporas carecen de estrías longitu­ 2001, E. Navarro 3537,INB 3494917. dinales. Nosotros no hemos podido examinar nin­ guna colección de este hongo. Cookeina venezuelae es una especie fácil de identificar porque sus apotecios son sésiles y las Cookeina speciosa (Fr.: Fr.) Dennis, Mycotaxon esporas presentan estrías longitudinales y trans­ 51: 237 (1994) versales. Sin embargo, LE GAL (1953) cuando =Peziza speciosa Fr. propuso la combinación nueva no dibujó las es­ = Cookeina sulcipes (Berk.) Kuntze trias transversales en la lámina de la fig. 109, dedi­ cada a este taxon; lo cual sugiere que no las vió en Hasta hace poco este hongo era mundialmente las muestras que ella examinó. Hecho que nos ha conocido bajo la denominación de C. sulcipes, sucedido a nosotros también en la colección de E. pero DENNIS (1994) comprobó que debía llamar­ Navarro 3537 (INB), donde las ascas presentan se C. speciosa, tomando como basiónimo Peziza mayor tamaño: 400-440 x 18-21 ~m, frente a las speciosa. Junto a C. tricholoma, es la especie más medidas que da DENISON (1967) 275-325 x 10­ frecuente de este género en Costa Rica, se puede 15 ~m para el material tipo. Cookeina venezuelae decir que es pantropical (DENISON, 1967), cre­ es una especie neotropical, registrada hasta ahora ciendo siempre sobre madera muerta. Se encuen­ en América Central, Venezuela y el Caribe (DENI­ tra muy repartida por toda Costa Rica.
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