Mycological Society of America NEWSLETTER

Vol. 36 No. 1 June 1985 SUSTAINING MEMBERS

ANALYTAB PRODUCTS TED PELLA, INC. (PELCO)

CAMSCO PRODUCE COMPANY,INC. PFIZER, INC.

CAROLINA BIOLOGICAL SUPPLY PIONEER HI-BRED INTERNATIONAL, INC.

DEKALB-PFIZER GENETICS THE QUAKER OATS COYPANY

DIFCO LABORATORIES ROHM AND HAAS COYPANY

HOFFMAN-LA ROCHE INC. SCHERING CORPORATION

LANE SCIENCE EQUIPMENT COMPANY SMITH KLINE & FRENCH LABORATORIES

ELI LILLY & COMPANY SOUTHWEST MOLD AND ANTIGEN LABS

MERCK SHARP AND DOHYE RESEARCH LABS SPRINGER-VERLAG NEW YORK

MILES LABORATORIES SYLVAN SPAWN LABORATORY, INC.

NALGE COMPANY/SYBRON CORPORATION TRIARCH, INC.

NEW BRUNSWICK SCIENTIFIC COMPANY WYETH LABORATORIES

The Society is extremely grateful for the support of its Sustaining Members. These organizations are listed above in alphabetical order. Patronize them and let their representatives know of our appreciation whenever possible.

OFFICERS OF THE MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA

Officers Councilors

Henry C. Aldrich, President Sandra Anagnostakis (1983-85)

Roger D. Goos, President-elect Martha Christiansen (1983-86)

James M. Trappe, Vice-president Alan Jaworski (1983-87)

Harold H. Burdsall, Jr., Secretary Richard E. Yoske (1983-86)

Amy Y. Rossman, Treasurer David Malloch (1985-88)

Richard T.,.Hanlin, Past President (1984) Gareth Morgan-Jones (1983-86)

Harry D. Thiers, Past President (1983) Francis A. Uecker (1 982-85) MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA NEWSLETTER

Volume 36, No. 1, June 1985

Walter J. Sundberg, Editor

Department of Botany Southern Illinois University Carbondal e, I11 i noi s, 62901 (618) 536-2331

TABLE OF CONTENTS Sustaining Members ...... i Uni v. 41 berta Mold Herbarium ...... 45 Officers of the MSA ...... i Computer Software Available ...... 46 Table of Contents ...... 1 MSA Placement Service ...... 46 Editor's Note ...... 1 Travels and Visits ...... 50 General Announcements ...... 2 Assistantships and Fellowships Available . . 51 Calender of Meetings and Forays ... 3 Vacancies for Mycologists ...... 52 Forthcoming Courses ...... 4 Positions Wanted ...... 53 New Mycological Research ...... 5 Changes in Affiliation or Status ...... 54 Fungi for Distribution ...... 6 Papers, Seminars, Symposia, and Workshops . 55 Fungi Wanted ...... 7 Honors, Awards, and Promotions ...... 56 Identi fications ...... 10 Personal News ..+ ...... 57 Publications Available ...... 11 Associations and Clubs ...... 57 New Sooks by MSA Members ...... 12 Notes and Comments ...... 58 Pub1 ications Wanted ...... 13 Changes of Address for Respondence .....60 Annual Yeeti ng Program ...... 14 Affi1 iated Societies ...... 61 Annual Meeting Abstracts ...... 15

EDITOR 'S NOTE

This issue contains the program (pg. 14) and abstracts (pgs. 15-45). Your attention is also called to the announcement and application form for the new MSA Placement Service (pgs. 46-49) and to the advertisement from Far West Fungi on page 53. A special note to a1 1 MSA Newsletter contributors is included on page 54.

Unless otherwise noted, a1 1 creative fi 1lers (art, poetry, etc.) included are heretofore unpublished. Gareth Morgan-Jones prepared the cover "medley". The drawings were done by Jean J. Sang1 ier via J. W. Bennett (pg. 9), Christopher Best (pg. 12), and Yves Renaud (back cover). With permission from David Minter, the poetry (pgs. 9 & 15) is reprinted from the BMS Foray Programne, April 1985. Finally, we thank Royal1 T. Moore for the submission of numerous "my~010gi~m~"(one-1 iners), some of which grace these pages.

In order to conserve space (and reduce cost), readers are encouraged to use the MSA Directory for addresses where thei r response is requested. Mycol ogi sts, however, seem almost nomadic, sometimes making this approach difficult. Therefore, in this issue we are trying a new partial solution this problem (see pg. 60). Please make the included changes in your Directory as they will not appear in future Newsletter issues.

Lastly, I wish to acknowledge the able and pleasant assistance of Linda Neuman who typed most of this issue and helped master our new letter qua1 ity printer. The ever-cooperative labor provided at mailing time by the SIU-C Mycology graduate students is also appreciated. GENERAL ANNOUNCEMENTS

ATTENTION BRITISH MEMBERS

Dave Minter reminds MSA members in sterling areas that they can avoid bank charges in converting their MSA subscription to dollars by sending subscriptions in sterling to him at C.M.I., Ferry Lane, Kew, Surrey, TW9 3AF, U. K. Calculate the value of your subscripion using the dollar/sterling rate in the newspaper of the day you post the subscription, and please make sure your 1986 subscription arrives at the C.Y.I. by 1 January 1986.

MSA PLACEMENT SERVICE

Prospective graduates in mycology seeking employment are urged to register with the MSA Placement Service by completing the Employee Data Form published elsewhere in this issue of the MSA Newsletter. Data on prospective employees are provided to potential employers where thei r qualifications meet job requirements. Likewise, persons seeking employment are provided with a printout of vacant positions that match their training. Inqui ries regarding the service should be addressed to either Gareth Morgan-Jones, Auburn University, or Me1 vin S. Fuller, University of Georgia.

TEACHING CULTURES

Those who teach mycology should be aware that an array of identified fungal cultures are available for teaching purposes from the American Type Culture Collection for $12 a piece. A catalog of these cultures and their uses can be obtained free of charge from the ATCC.

THE MYCOLOGY GUIDEBOOK

For several years we have been working, albeit rather slowly, toward a revision of the Mycology Guidebook. It seems appropriate now that we actual ly start thinking about the organization of the new edition and its contents. This requires that members of the MSA get involved in terms of their ideas and input, as well as writing parts of the text. Below are some questions which are merely guidelines for getting started. Other comments will be welcomed with enthusiasm!

1. Are you interested in writing part(s) of the new edition of the Vycology Guidebook? 2. Did you write one or more sections of the present edition.? 3. How useful have you found the present Guidebook? 4. Which subject areas should be added to the text? 5. Which, if any, subject areas might be deleted? 6. Do you have any suggestions on the organization of the materials included in the text? For example, is the present organization (i.e., the categories of General Information, Taxonomic Groups, Ecological Groups, Fungi as Bi01 ogical Tools, and the accompanying Appendices) a good format? 7. It has been suggested that the new edition of the Guidebook be published in Spanish as well as English. Do you agree or disagree with this idea?

Please send comments to these questions as well as other suggestions, etc. to J. Ammirati, Chair, Mycology Guidebook Committee, Department of Botany, KB-15, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195.

TO ALL MYCOLOGICAL WRITERS

The MYCOLOGIA MEMOIRS Committee wants book-length manuscripts for review. Contact T. M. Hammill for details. CALENDAR OF MEETINGS, FORAYS, AND WORKSHOPS

August 1985

1-4 The Annual Meeting and foray of the NORTH AMERICAN MYCOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (NAMA) will be hosted by the Mycological Association of Washington (MAW), and will be held at Canaan Valley Resort State Park near El kins, West Virginia. Kent H. McKnight will serve as head foray mycologist with numerous other guest speakers and workshop leaders from the YSA membership. Mycological and other resort activities will abound (I plan to bring my roller sk6tes--ed.) Registration: $60.00. Meals $65.00. Room $44-$120.00. Contact Frances Usenik, 2327 49th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20007.

1985 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOCIETY OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY will be held at the Westin Hotel, in Copley Place, Boston, MA. For more information contact: Forrest S. Yoy, Morton Thiokol , Inc., Ventron Division 150 9ndover Street, Danvers, MA 01932; Phone (617) 774-3100 or Stephen W. Queener, Research Associate, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285; Phone (317) 261-7454.

TENTH ANNUAL NORTHEASTERN MYCOLOGICAL FORAY will be held at the State University of New York, Oneonta, NY. Principal mycologists will be David Malloch, University of Toronto, David Pegler, Royal Botani cal Gardens, Kew England, and Currie Marr, State University of New York. For more information contact: Pat and Jim Kronick, 1951 Lowell Lane, Merrick, NY 11566.

BMS SON OF TRUFFLE HUNT will be held at Cotswolds. Contact Jane Ingham, 21 Loughmi 11 Road, Pershore, Worcestershi re.

TELLURIDE MUSHROOM CONFERENCE. Foray in forests surrounding Tell uride, an historic Colorado mining town. Courses include mushroom identification, culti vation, and ethnomycol ogy. For further information contact: Emanuel Salzman, P. 0. Box 5503, Denver, CO 80217-5503. Phone: (303) 296-1218.

1-18 MUSHROOM STUDY TOUR OF THE HIMALAYAS. Organized by Gary Lincoff, Andrew Weil and Emanuel Salzman. Foray in the forests surrounding the hill stations, the beautiful old summer resorts of the British colonial days, in the foothills of the great Himalayas. For more information contact: Emanuel Salzman, P. O.Box 5503, Denver, CO 80217-5503. Phone: (303) 296-1218.

BMS AUTUMN FORAY will be held at Chester. Contact Dave Minter for details.

THE A. H. SMITH FORAY will be held near Baraboo, Wisconsin. Contact Jan Phelps: UWC-Baraboo, 1006 Connie Road, Baraboo, WI 53913.

The Westwater Inn, Olympia, Washington, will be the site of the WESTERN INTERNATIONAL FOREST DISEASE WORK CONFERENCE. For particulars contact: Ken Russel 1 , Dept . of Natural Resources, Di vision of Private Forestry and Recreation, MQ-11, Olympia, WA 98504; (206) 545-0953; or Walt Thies, USDA Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvall is, OR 97331; (503) 757-4396.

32ND CHARLES HORTON PECK ANNUAL MYCOLOGICAL FORAY will be held in the Arnot Teaching and Research Forest of Cornell University, located in Van Etten, New York. For more information and/or reservation forms contact: R. P. Korf, PECK FORAY COORDINATOR, Plant Path01ogy, Cornel 1 University, Ithaca, NY 14853. 4 October- 1985

BMS MINI-FORAY IN SPAIN (Barcelona, Catalonia, and Monseny). Yrite David Minter or Henry Descal s, Department de Botani ca, Facul tat de Bi01 ogi cas, Uni versi tat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, Rarcel ona 08028, Spain.

THE OREGON MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY FALL FORAY will be held along the northern Oregon Coast. Guest mycologist will be Joseph Ammirati. For information on the location contact J. Preston Alexander, Rt. 1, Box 158, Forest Grove, OR 97116.

November 1985

23 BMS Meeting on TOXIC FUNGI at ~odrell'Laboratories, Kew. Contact David Minter to learn more.

April 1986

7-10 THE HKITISH MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY GEhERAL MEETING in Bristol. Topic: "Evolutionary Biology of the Fungi ." Learn more from David Minter. 23-27 BMS SPECIALIST WORKSHOP ON ASCOMYCETES will occur at CMI. Contact David Minter. May- 1986 3-4 MID-ATLANTIC STATES MYCOLOGY CONFERENCE is tentatively set at Towson State College, Towson, Maryland. Interested persons should contact Jerry Motta, Dept. of Botany, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742.

BMS ANNUAL SPRING FORAY (jointly held with the Botanical Society of Edinburgh) wi 11 be in Gal loway, based at Newton Stewart. Write Alan Bennell , Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh.

August 1986

30-Sept. 4 FOURTH INTERNATIONAL FUNGAL SPORE SYMPOSIUM wi 11 be he1 d in Scot1 and (Sti rli ng University). The host wi 11 be John Smith, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scot 1and.

FORTHCOMING COURSES

David Minter and Paul Cannon wi 11 conduct an international course on ASCOPIYCETE TAXONOMY, 7-18 October 1985, at the Universidad Austral de Chi le, Valdivia, Chile. Further information is avai 1able from Dr. H. Peredo, Instituto Silvicultura, Uni versidad Austral, Casi 11 a 567, Valdivia, Chile.

MUSHROOM TOXICOLOGY will be offered by N. S. Weber & K. Cochran, Sept. 15-21 at Dillman's Sand Lake Lodge, Lac Du Flambeau, WI 54538.

N. S. Weber will teach MUSHROOMS OF SLEEPING BEAK DUNES, July 22-26, at the Leelanau Center for Education, Glen Arbor, MI 49636.

WOOD DETERIORATION, Fall Quarter of 1985, (3 cr.). by Elmer L. Schmidt, Department Forest Products, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108

A MUSHRUMF'US - AN MSA FORAY NEW MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH

G. C. ADAMS: Genetics of virulence and hypovirulence of Leucostoma persoonii and --L. cincta (anamorphs : Cytospora spp. ) . J. P. ALEXANDER: The effects of endogenous growth regulators on the growth and differentiation of a range of wild fleshy fungi.

W. C. HAKEWELL: Studies on color guides, color standards, and color dictionaries.

P. R. BECKJORD: Survey of the ectomycorrhizal epigeous fungi of oaks and conifers on surface mines and -in forests of western Mary1 and and factors for their ecology, sociology, and phaenol ogy . T. SEGAN: The genus Amanita in southern Illinois.

S. E. CARPENTER: Revision of the ~hialeoideaeand Ombrophiloideae (Helotiales, Leotiaceae).

M. A. CASTELLANO: Monograph of Hysterangium.

M.-M. CHEN: Epidemiology of white pine blister rust of sugar pine and the study of resistance of Pinus radiata to western gall rust: identification of fungal pathogens; ecology of and resistance to tree rusts; and edible fungi of China.

P. K. DUBLISH: Aeromycological studies of a stud-farm.

D. H. PFISTER: An inventory of the Mycological Literature from 1753 to 1821 with Jean Boise as Research Bibliographer.

G. C. YAYE (with D. H. Pfister & Jean 8oise): Mycological Literature.

R. KENDRICK: Pathogenicity of Hyphomycetes to Spruce Budworm; model ing the impact of herbicides on pond ecosystems; morphology and taxonomy of VAY fungi ; and use of biotechnology and a dual fungal culture to produce lipids from cellulosic wastes.

R. W. YERRIGAN: Relationships in Agaricus (sub) section Hortenses.

R. KOFFMAN: Studies on Aspergi 11 us clavatus and Psi locybe tampanensi s.

R. K. S. KUSHWAHA: Biology of Chrysosporium and allied fungi from soil with special reference to their morphology and taxonomy.

G. LIM: Fungal enzymes; production of aroma chemicals by fungi.

P. D. MILLNER: Interactions among saprophytic root-colonizing bacteria and fungi, and VA mycorrhi zae that affect plant nutrition; protein and enzyme analysis of VA mycorrhizae and Endogone as related to growth, colonization, and nutrient translocation.

G. M. MUELLER (with Stephen Rehner): DNA-DNA hybridization as a means for studying phylogeneti c re1ati onshi ps among species of Laccari a.

M. E. NOOKDELOOS: Taxonomy and ecology of Agarics from Boreal and Arctic regions (esp. Entolomataceae, Tricholomataceae). Entoloma sensu lato in eastern Canada and northeastern USA.

S. L. PEELE: New compounds for anti-tumor and anti-cancer activity from mushrooms.

S. A. REHNER: Taxonomy of A roc be sect. Pediadeae and a phylogenetic analysis (based on mol ecul ar approaches) +b$-o rocybe sect. Pedi adeae including comparisons to selected taxa within the Bolbiticeae. E. L. SCHMIDT: Shiitake yields on red and bur oak, effects of white rot fungi on bonding systems of aspen waferboard, and the influence of aliphatic acids on spore germination of wood decay fungi.

M. SPEAR: Media and techniques for large-scale production of ectomycorrhizal inoculum.

W. J. SUNDBERG (with Raafat Mohamnadkhani ): lJl trastructural development and histochemi stry of clamp connection formation in Cyathus 01- la. 3. M. TRAPPE: Hypogeous fungi and their mycorrhizae--comparison of Spain with Oregon and Cal i fornia (grant from I1.S.-Spain Cooperative Research Awards) ; mycorrhiza-Rhizobium interactions in tropical woody legumes (Indo-U.S. Science & Technology Initiative Awards).

R. C. ULLRICH: The following are studying the aspects of biology in Schizophyllum in Ullrich's Lab; Eunice Fruel iger--0rotidine-5 ' -monophosphate decarboxylase and its gene; Brent Suckner--ri bosomal RNA genes ; Lisa Phel ps--cytochrome oxidase suhuni t II I mi tochondri a1 gene from; Charles Specht--mappi ng mi tochondri a1 genes; and A1 fredo Munoz--tryptophan brosynthesi s.

D. WEBER (with Vic Bundersoa): Development of an interactive video disc for a visual identification key to mushrooms (Exxon Educational Foundation Grant).

W. YUN: Taxonomy of hypogeous fungi in China.

BASIDIOMYCETES

J. P. Alexander can provide Pleurotus ostreatus (wild types from the Pacific Northwest), and other Pleurotus sp., and a1 so cul-calvatia booniana (Pacific Northwest).

M. A. Caste1 lano will send Hysterangium specimens.

M.-M. Chen has stored spores of Endocronartium (western gal 1 rust).

P. K. Dub1 ish offers Phyllacteria dal bergiae on leaves of Dal bergra sisso (preserved material ).

S. L. Peele has dried specimens, cultures, and spores f rom4mani ta phal loides, A. muscari a, Pleurotus sapidus as well as many species of Psilocybe and Panacolus. sea for free information or call Florida Mycology ~esearch--904) 478-3912. I R. E. Tulloss offers specimens of Amanita spp. from the pine Barrens of New Jersey (largely section Lepi della).

MISCELLANEOUS

K. Diebolt has cultures of ectomycorrhizal fungi--send for a list.

A MUSHRUMOR - A HIiVT OF ANOTHER NAME CHANGE FOR THE CO!.!MERCIAL MUSHROOM FUNGI WANTED

ACRASIOVYCETES

R. L. Blanton: Cultures of Copromyxa protea.

MYXOMYCETES

K. L. Rraun: Myxomycete specimens from Mexico.

T. W. Gaither: Collections of any Didymium species.

H. W. Kel ler: Myxomycetes--speci es of the genera Peri chaena and Licea; corticol ous myxomycetes from 1i vi ng trees and vines; myxomycetes from Mexico; specimens of Licea fimicol a (common on dung from herbivorous animal s--cow, bison, horse).

S. L. Stephenson : Myxomycetes, especially col lections from western North America.

OOMYCETES

H. H. Ho: Phytophthora japonica (P.- oryzeae), and Phytophthora areceae (A1 type).

ZYGOYYCETES

B. Yendrick (with M. Srundrett): Wishes to exchange pot cultures or spores of VAM fungi.

J. M. Trappe: Specimens of Endogonaceae.

ASCOMYCETES

G. C. 4dams: Recent collections of Leucostoma and Valsa with host identifications.

S. E. Carpenter: Cultures and specimens of any Phial eoi deae and Ombrophi 1oideae (He1 oti ales, Leot iaceae ) . K. Diebol t : Cultures of Wynnea ameri cana . K. Esser: The perfect stage of the Ascomycete Cochliobolus lunatus.

J. H. Hai nes: Specimens of Hyal oscyphaceae.

M. Harrington: Recently collected, ai r-dried specimens of Sarcoscypha to culture. Please ship . . by overnight delivery system, and they shall gladly reimburse costs. Send c/o L. R. Batra, Rm. 313, Bldg. OllA, USDA, Re1 tsvi 1le, MD 20705. Telephone 301-344-2317 (call collect) for any needed information on how to collect or ship these fungi.

T. Iturriaga: Cultures or specimens or both of Strossmayeria (Helotiales) and its anamorph Pseudospi ropes.

L. M. Kohn: Cultures and specimens of sclerotium-forming Ascomycetes.

H. J. Kronenberg: Cordyceps sinensi s and Cordyceps cicadae

J. M. Trappe: Specimens of hypogeous Ascomycetes. W. Zhuang: Discomycetes (with pigmented apothecia) on fungi.

BASIDIOMYCETES

J. P. Alexander: Cultures of Ramaria botrytis, Sparassis crispa, 2. radicata, HerIcium abieti s, Fistul ina hepatica, Vol variel la bombyci na, and Agari cus augustus.

J. Ammi rati : Corti nari us, subgenera Dermocybe, Leprocybe, and Yyxaci um with notes and/or kodachromes. Yelanotus with note's and/or kodachromes and spore deposits for culture work.

0. Bermudes: Cultures of Amanita spp. He would also like cultures of known ectomycorrhiza formers and dried specimens of amanitin- and phalloidin-containing mushrooms. He will pay postage.

H. H. Surdsall : Armillaria mellea collections with complete notes as to field characters, suspected pathogenicity, and host; cultures, single spore isolates and any other information concerning the col lections.

M. Caste1 lano: Cultures or specimens of Hysterangium (Phal laceae).

K. Diebol t: Cultures of Gyrodon merul ioides and Sui 1lus borinus.

M. F. Doyle: Pacific Island agarics (notes preferred and/or photos, but he's a realist).

R. E. Halling: Collybia and Marasmiellus. Notes on color and odor always helpful.

R. W. Kerrigan: Cultures/spore prints of wild Agaricus bisporus and its close relatives. Vouchers, notes, and kodachromes appreciated.

R. Koffman: Gymnopilus spectabilis. H. J. Kronenberg: Ganoderma lucidum, and Poria-- cocos. A. S. Yethven: Collections of Clavariadelphus from North America with color notes and spore deposits, and cultures of Clavariadelphus from Rorth Ameri ca.

H. P. Mol itoris: Cultures of Yelanotaenium ruppiae (a marine basidiomycete, Ustilaginales). M. E. Noordeloos: Specimens of Entoloma (sensu lato incl . Leptonia; Nolanea: Pouzarel la, Ecci 1 ia; A1 boleptonia). Notes and slides on fresh material are necessary!

S. L. Peele: Cultures or spores of Psilocybe zapotecorum.

J. Pfi ster: Recent exsiccatae and spore prints of Me1 anoleuca gramnopodia, -M. graminicola, -M. verrucipes, -M. subal pina, and -M. subbrevipes for enzymatic studies.

D. Prusso: Specimens of Tulostoma from North America including collection data.

S. Rehner: Cultures and/or spore prints plus voucher specimens (notes & photos; if possible) of Agrocybe, Bol bitius, Conocybe, Gastrocybe (especially Agcocybe pediades, A. subpediades, 4. semiorbiaclaris, A. retigera, A. thinlenta, -A. arval is, -A. cyl indracalaegerita, Gastrocybe lareritia, Conocybm.

M. Spear: Cultures of Agaricus subrufesceus and other unusual Agaricus spp.

W. J. Sundberg: Lepiota spp. (sensu lato; notes and/or photographs helpful ).

J. M. Trappe: Specimens of hypogeous Basidiomycetes. R. E. Tulloss: We1 1-documented collections of Amani ta spp. with slides if possible--please inquire, first.

DEUTEROMYCETES W. D. Jennsen : Tri choderma viri de . R. Koffman : Aspergi 11us clavatus.

R. K. S. Yushwaha: Cultures of Chrysosporium, Arthroderma, and Halbranchea.

J. Y. McPartland: Cultures of any race (1 thru 6) of Fusarium oxysporum F. sp. vasinfectum.

M. Wingfiel d: Leptographi um spp., Verti cicl adiel 1a spp., and Phial ocephal a spp.

MISCELLANEOUS

G. Guzman: Duplicates for the Herbarium of INIREB (XAL).

W. Lanier: Cultures of any fungus which parasitizes pest insects or nematodes. Contact him at BIOSIS, 3788 Fabian Way, Palo Alto, CA 94303.

R. E. Scott: Cultures of psychrophil ic fungi. Please contact him by letter with culturing conditions, etc. before sending (See Changes of Address).

J. F. White & Garry T. Cole: Endophytic fungi from grasses of North America.

To An Unwanted Ascomycete

A fungus by a spore trap grew, A discomycete fresh and new. And, heedless of its likely fate It soon began to sporulate.

Its spores, released, flew in a trice Into my spore trap's orifice. Ah, waste! Its chosen situation Has spoiled all chance of propagation,

And oh! My whole week's record messed With spores from this unwanted guest. Fool ish Pezi za ! Better hide , Or 1'11 deploy the fungicide!

---Fel icity Jackson 10 IDENTIFICATIONS

The following are willing to identify the taxa specified.

MYXOMYCETES

H. W. Kel ler: Myxomycetes--species of Peri chaena and Licea, and corticolous myxomycetes.

ZYGOMYCETES

S. M. Berch: Vesi cular-arbuscul ar mycorrhi zal fungi ,. Endogonaceae

J. M. Trappe: Endogonaceae.

ASCOMYCETES

S. E. Carpenter: Leoti aceae (He1 otiales).

J. H. Haines: Hyaloscyphaceae.

A. Y. Rossman: All members of the Hypocriales including Nectria and Gibberella as specimens or cultures forming ascocarps. Fresh specimens are preferred.

L. J. Spielman: Val sa, Leucostoma, and the anamorphs in Cytospora.

J. M. Trappe: Hypogeous Ascomycetes.

BASIDIOMYCETES

J. P. Alexander: Calvatia sp., and Pleurotus sp.

M. A. Caste1 lano: Hysterangium

G. P. Chamuris: Stereum S.S. or s.1.; temperate or tropical.

M.-M. Chen : Cronartium, Coleosporium, Melampsora, Chrysomyxa; Lenzites, and Daedalea.

R. E. Halling: Collybia and Marasmiellus.

M. E. Noordeloos: Entoloma sensu lato (only possible with notes and slides).

J. M. Trappe: Hypogeous Basidiomycetes.

R. E. Tulloss: Amanita (Please inquire, first).

W. Yun: Me1 anogaster

DEUTEROMYCETES

M.-M. Chen: Cytospora

M. Wingfield: Leptographium spp.

' "What's happened to the truffle hunterslr' rrTheyrvegone underground. " 11 PUBLICATIONS AVAI LABLE--FOR GIVE-AWAY, SALE, OR EXCHANGE

Gaston Guzman has the following for exchange or sale: SULLETIN OF THE MEXICAN SOCIETY OF MYCOLOGY, Vol . 19 (1984), 356 pages and 16 color plates. $15 US (back numbers are a1 so avai 1able) . Machiel E. Noordeloos has reprints on Entoloma for sale or exchange. Send for a list.

Joachim Schl iemann has available: Fries' ICONES SELECTAE HYMENOMYCETUM, 1/11; Persoon Is SYNOPSIS METHODICA FUNGOORUM 111I ; Vai 1lant Is BOTANICON PARISIENSE ; and a 1arger number of other duplicate titles. Send for list or specify desiderata.

Christian Vol bracht has a list of duplicates from his mycological collection.

Harold W. Keller has 4. E. Nannenga-Bremekamp's DE NEDERLANDSE NYXOYYCETEN, 1974, 2nd edition (with supplement).

Richard Rlanton has for sale: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROTANY, Vols. 60 (1973) through 70 (1983) for $4/volume plus postage. Also, JOURNAL OF PROTOZOOLOGY, Vols. 23 (1976) through 31 (1984) for $51~01ume plus postage.

Mo-Mei Chen has for sale PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF THE RUST FLORA IN THE FOREST OF TIBET (abstract in Enqlish); THE GUIDE BOOK ON LABORATORY IDENTIFICATION OF PORE FUNGI (in Chinese); A NEW GENUS, ST~LBECHRYSOMYXACHEN GEN NOV. of Chrysomyxaceae on Rhododendron, and THE INDEX.OF TREE DISEASES OF CHINA.

Hi romi tsu Hagiwara wants to exchange the MYXOMYCETOUS WORLD by Hagiwara & Izawa, including ca. 80 excel lent color photographs with Japanese explanations, for any book(s) or reprint(s) on Myxomycetes . Donald T. Kowal ski has for sale originals of Lister's A MONOGRAPH OF THE MYCETOZOA, Vols. 1, 2, & 3 for $350; and April 1926 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC (Watercolors of Slime Molds) for $10.

Robert E. Macho1 has for sale MYCOTAXON, Vols. 1-20 and some old mushroom books--send for list.

Stephen L. Peele has available one free issue of THE MUSHROOM CULTURE, The Journal of Mushroom Cultivation (see Changes of Address).

Richard W. Kerri gan has free information on easy classroom cultivation of Pleurotus.

Philip A. Orpurt has for sale MYCOLOGIA, Vols. 41-64 (1949-1972) bound (Ch. brown) $8 each ($192); and Vol s. 65-75 (1973-1983) unbound, $5 each ($55).

Walter J. Sundberg will sell Sundberg & Richardson, MUSHROOMS AND OTHER FLESHY FUNGI OF LAND BETWEEN THE LAKES, 64 p., 98 color photos, 1980. Prepay $3.65 (includes postage and padded mai 1 ing envelope).

Jenifer Huang McBeath has a reprint for give away entitled SYYPTOMOLOGY ON SPRUCE TREES AND SPORE CHARACTERISTICS OF A BUD RUST PATHOGEN, Phytopathology 74:456-461, 1984.

Dieter Schierenberg has special lists of books in Botany and Mycology. Write him at Prinsengracht 485-487, 1016 HP, Amsterdam, Holland.

Rodham E. Tulloss has, for the cost of copying & postage, a BIBLIOGRAPHY & INDEX TO NORTH AMERICAN LITERATURE ON AMANITA with over 300 references, approx. 250 indexed, over 200 taxa.

Herbert N. Humphrey has for sale a Periodical Library, chiefly mycological, also plant path01 ogical and botanical journal s dating from 1872. Examples include: ANNALES MYCOLOGICI , Vols. 1-36; BULLETIN DE LA SOCIETE MYCOLOGIQUE DE FRANCE, Vols. 7, 11, 29, 35-55; PHYTOPATHOLOGY, Vol s. 1-59; AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY, Vol s. 16-23; and many more. For a complete list, write to Herbert N. Humphrey, 4040 Maybelle Avenue, Oakland, CA 94619. Bryce Kendrick is offering A YOUNG PERSONS' COLOURING HOOK OF FUNGI, THE FIFTH KINGDOM (avai 1able this summer), THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MUSHROOMS, and several references on Deuteromycetes. Write him for a list.

NEW BOOKS BY MSA MEMBERS

The fol 1owing announcements were recei ved in response to the MSA Newsletter questionnai re:

Alan Bessette. 1985. GUIDE TO SOME EDIBLE AND POISONOUS FUNGI OF NEW YORK. 41 color photographs and descriptions of fungi, many of which are found throughout the United States. A1 though designed for the novice, experienced collectors will also appreciate the color qua1 ity and diversity of specimens. Cost is $3.95 including postage and handl ing. Available from A1 an Bessette, Utica College of Syracuse Uni versity, 1600 Burrstone Road, Utica, NY 13502. Make checks payable to Otica College of Syracuse University.

J. Cramer, has just received the manuscript for the fourth fully revised edition of Rolf Singer's THE AGAKICULES. Typesetting has been started, and publication is scheduled for winter 1985-86.

Nancy S. Weber & Alexander H. Smith. Photographs by Dan Guravich. 1985. A FIELD GUIDE TO SOUTHERN MUSHROOMS. Avai lable from Uni veri sity of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, 48109. $16.50 less 10% professional discount (+ 4% sales tax in MI), + $1.00 handl ing for first copy, $.25 for each additional copy.

Kenneth B. Raper. 1984. THE DICTYOSTELIDS. Princeton University Press. 453 pp., illustrated. $75.00.

Joost A. Stalpers. 1983. A REVISION OF THE GENUS SPOROTRICHUM, Studies in Mycology No. 24. Centraal bureau voor Schimnelcultures, P. 0. Box 273, 3740 AG Baarn, The Netherlands. 105 pp. hfl. 25.

M. A. Schipper and Joost A. Stalpers. 1984. A REVISION OF THE GENUS KHIZOPUS, Studies in Mycology No. 25. Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, P. 0. 273, 3740 AG Baarn, The Nether1 ands. 34pp. hf1. 10.

Randy Yolina. 1985. PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH NORTH AMERICAN CONFERENCE ON MYCORRHIZAE. Published by the Forest Research Laboratory, Oregon State University. 471pp. $20.00 plus $2.25 for postage and handl ing. To order, send check payable to OSU College of Forestry, to Col lege of Forestry, Oregon State Uni versi ty, Corvall is, OR 97331-5704. PUBLICATIONS WANTED 13

P. K. Dub1 ish needs pub1 ications on aeromycol ogical studies.

J. Schl iemann would 1i ke important old books on mushrooms, iconographies, rare titles; he is also interested in all give-away, sale, or exchange lists.

E. W. Smith is in need of the Index of Plant Diseases (USDA Handbook 165).

C. Volbracht is looking for any books on Mycology printed before 1900.

D. Bermudes needs Charles David Badham's ESCULENT FUNGUSES OF ENGLAND 1847.

R. Critchfield, Sr. wants any reprints on identification, taxonomy, morphology, and ecology of myxomycetes, and is willing to reimburse for reprints and/or postage.

R. Koffman would like to obtain a copy of THE GENUS ASPERGILLUS by Raper & Fennell.

R. Y. S. Kushwaha needs publications on taxonomy, ecology of Chrysosporium and members of Gymnoascaceae.

R. E. Macho1 wants old mushroom books, including incomplete, very early works, if the parts on mushrooms are intact.

R. E. Scott would like reprints and any information on microscopic psychrophilic fungi, (e.g.) culture conditions, enzyme purifications, and secondary products (See Changes of Address ) . R. W. Yerri gan needs literature on Agaricus and old spawn catalogs.

S. L. Stephenson would like reprints on Myxomycetes.

J. P. Alexander would like THE FUNGI by Gaumann; Wolf & Wolf's THE FUNGI, Academic Press; PUFFBALLS & THEIR ALLIES..by A. Smith; and A NEW MONOGRAPH ON PLEUROTUS by Yiller (?).

R. L. Tulloss needs both volumes of C. H. Kauffman's AGARICACEAE OF MICHIGAN. T M. Hammi 11 would 1i ke the CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY, 1981, Vol . 59; and Gaumann 's THE FUNGI: A DESCRIPTION OF THEIR MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES AND EVOLUTIONARY DEVELOPMENT.

M. F. Doyle would like reprints, etc. on insular mycology and long-distance fungal dispersal.

Gui 1 lermo Rodri guez-Scherzer wishes reprints or books (princi pal ly on Polyporaceae sensu lato) free or in exchange for mexican fungi (Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes). Contact him at Herbario Metropol itano (UAMIZ), Departamento de Biologia, Uni versidad Autonoma Metropol- itana-Iztapal apa, Apartado Postal 47-017, Mexico, 0. F. 07800.

T-shirts, with this design in white on deep Fusarium purple, are available from:

Mycoproducts, P. 0. Box 3050 P. o. Box 3050 Durham, NC 27705-1050 MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA

1985 ANNUAL MEETING PROGRAM

University of Florida, Gainesvil le, Florida

Saturday, August 10

All Day: Foray to San Felasco Hammock State Preserve and University of Florida's Horticultural Farm, Alachua County.

Morni ng: Yini Symposium. Recent Advances in Cryotechnol ogy

Afternoon: Workshop. Recent Advances in Cryotechnol ogy

Sunday, August 11

Morni nglEarly Afternoon: Foray to Lake Yize, Austin Cary Memorial Forest, Alachua Co.

Late Afternoon and Evening: Foray to Cedar Key on Florida's Gulf Coast isightseeing and dinner included)

All Day: Meeting of the MSA Council

Monday, August 12

Morning: Session 1. Contributed Papers. Taxonomy Session 2. Symposium. Factors Effecting Morphogenesis in Achlya Session 3. Posters. Ecol ogy, Morphol ogy , and Taxonomy

Afternoon: Session 3. (continued) Session 4. Contributed Papers. Siochemistry and Physiology Session 5. Contributed Papers. Ecology Session 6. Symposium. Recent Trends in the Study of Heterobasidi omycetes

Evening: AIBS Plenary Session

Tuesday, August 13

Morning: Session 7. Contributed Papers. Morphology and Taxonomy Session 8. Symposium. Recent Advances in the Biology of the Cultivated Mushroom Session 9. Posters. Biochemistry, Cytology, Genetics, Medical Mycology, Physiology and Ultrastructure

Afternoon: Session 9. (continued) Session 10. Contributed Papers. Cytology and Ultrastructure Session 11. Contributed Papers. Genetics and Taxonomy Session 12. .Symposi urn. Beta-Gl ucans: Thei r Biosynthesi s and Degradation

Evening: Session 13. Nomenclature Open House and Discussion

Wednesday,- August 14

Morni ng : MSA Breakfast and Business Meeting Presidential Address. Henry C. Aldrich. From Taxonomy to Biochemistry - The Odyssey of a Myxomycetologist 15 Afternoon : Annual Lecture. Franz Oberwi nkler. Evolutionary Trends in Basidi omycetes. Session 14: Contributed Papers. Biochemistry and Physiology Session 15: Contributed Papers. Genetics, Taxonomy, and Ultrastructure

Evening: Awards Presentat ion and Soci a1

Thursday, August 15

Morning: Session 16: Contributed Papers. Cytology and Ul trastructure Session 17. Symposium. Observations on the Macromycetes of the Deep South and Gulf Coast Regions

MSA MEETING NOTES

Gerald Benny wants to make all attending this year's MSA Annual Meeting in Gainesville aware of the following points.

It may be possible to arrange for (a) .pick up at the airport or bus station if using these modes of transportation and (b) some pre- or post-meeting field excursions to nearby collecting areas. Write or call Gerald Benny in advance for arrangements.

For those arriving for field trips, appetites can be serviced at the Snack Bar on the second floor of the Reitz Union or off campus on University Avenue (just north of the campus). Several places, which can be reached by car, are a1 so located on Archer Road (south of the campus ) . Bartram Room B-22, which wi11 be used for specimen study, identification, display, etc., will be open Saturday and Sunday evenings and Sunday during the day by arrangement. Jim Kimbrough's room (Bartram 218, West Wing) houses the Mycology Library and will serve as a resource room.

ABSTRACTS

Abstracts of the papers scheduled for presentation at the 1985 MSA Annual Meeting are included a1 phabetical ly by author on the following pages.

Truffle Hunting

The truffle's an elusive chap, 4 we1 1-trained dog or truffle pig (they say) will scent him out and dig he doesn't have a stipe or cap! him up, though with his habits mild He doesn't have a gill or pore, or veil or ring or volva or.. . I still prefer the truffle child! Black, white, or brown our truffles be, skeletal trama, what a miser! too small and soily for your tea. Yet still he makes good mycorrhiza! So gastronomes must go abroad, And if you open him then ee-bah to eat the truffle perigord. gum! He's got a 1ovely gleba! But to the beech woods take your rake With every tree he will not grow, and clear the leaves and start to when Autumn comes, no flashy show. scrape: A modest fungus, that's for sure, they're fun to fine in their own way, all curled up in the forest floor. so come on, join our next foray!

---Jane Ingham Adarns, G. M. W., see Rlackwell, M. species, A. silvicola, A. campestris. A. placomyces, and A. arvensis -yere not clear. I w~lidescribe the use of auxotrophic and drug-resistance aucations as G.R. ALlAGA and J. POMMERVILLE. The Department of markers for selec~ionof interspecies h~!terokoryons B~ology, Texas A&M IJnt versity, College Station, TX in pairings of intact, living mycelia ~ndin fusions 77843. Characterizat~onof the ktnetosomal region in the of protoplasts and I will discuss the DKOSDeCtS of . . - - zoospores of Allomyces macrogynus. overcoming intersterility barriers in Agaricus for breeding purposes. The aquatic fungus, Allomyces macrogynus, possesses unlflagllate zoospores with a slngle functional kinetosome R. A. (basal body) closely associated with the nucleus, the Anderson, C., see Liberta, E. flagellar rootlet, and the basal mitochondr~on. This study G. was undertaken in an effort to determine more precisely Antonopoulos, A. A., see Wene, E. the structure, orientation, and cornposition of the rootlet. Electron micrographs show that the rootlet is located next A.A. ANTONOPOULOS and E.G. WENE, Argonne National Lab- to that portion of the klnetosome which contains the oratory, Energy and Environmental Systems, 9700 South characteristlc cartwheel structure. In longitudinally and Cass Ave., Argonne, IL 60439. Mutagenesis studies on transversely sectioned zoospores, the rootlet is composed Fusariwn oxyspom isolates. of three electron dense bands, each separated by loosely packed fibrillar material. The outer band of the rootlet is Selected Ftlsariwn strains have been studied to deter- adjacent to the basal mttochondrion whlch partially mine their potential for ethanol production from the surrounds the rootlet while the inner band is linked to the decomposition and fermentation of biomass. In addi- kinetosome by short repeating extensions. The posterior tion to screening strains isolated from natural habi- portion of the nucleus is closely associated with the tats, new strains have been developed through W- klnetosome forming an extension Into the most proximal irradiation of microconidia. In several cases W- region. Zoospores were osmotically lysed or mechanically mutants were more effective glucose and xylose fer- disrupted in order to isolate the kinetosome fraction by menters and cellulase enzyme producers than the par- density gradient centrif ugatlon. L~ght and electron ental strains. Methodology and the results of muta- microscopy of thls fraction showed that the kinetosome genesis efforts will be discussed. was separated w~ththe nucleus, nuclear cap, cap-associated mitochondria, basal m~tochondrion, and flagellar rootlet, indicating that these organelles are Arnott, H. J., see Whitney, K. D. associated with the kinetosome. Two-dtmensional polyacrylamide gel electrophores~s was performed on the Austin, W. L., see Wilfred, A., et. a1 kinetosomal fractions in order to characterize the proteins . present. Further puriftcatlon of the kinetosome and the associated rootlet IS needed in order to determine the C. W. BACON and D. M. EINTON. Toxicology and molecular composition of the structures. Biological Constituents Research Unit, Russell Research Center, USDAIARS, Athens, GA 30613. Arnerson, H. V., see Gray, 0. J. Efficacy of Iodonitrotetrazolium violet for determining endophyte infected tall fescue seeds. Arnrnirati , J. F., see Muel ler, G. M., et. a1 . A rapid and simple spectrophotometric method of Anderson, J. R., see Hintz, W. E., et. al. measuring the infection and viability of the fungal endophyte, Acremonium sp., in seed of tall fescue is Anderson, J. R., see Meyer, R. J., et. al. presented and partially characterized. The assay is based on the reduction of a tetrazolium salt, 2-(p-iodopheny1)-3-(p-nitropheny1)-5-phenyl J.B. ANDERSON. Mushroom Research Group, Erindale tetrazolium chloride (INTI, by whole seed in the College, University of Toronto, Mississauga, presence of nitrogen and Triton X-100. The method Ontario, Canada L5L 1C6. Breeding behavior of depends upon dehydrogenase enzyme activity to reduce Agaricus species. the colorless INT into a violet-red compound (formazan) which is made water soluble by the Triton Cultivated strains of Agaricus bisporus are, for the The procedure can be completed in a 24 to 48 most part, genetically uniform. One goal of our re- X-100. search is to use wild populations of Agaricus as a h period; the INT-formazan product is measured at 490 nm, source of genetic variability which can be transfer- and the infection status of the seed lot red into the background of A. bisporus by forced so- assessed. The simplicity and rapidity of this matic hybridization. From the increased range of in- method have many advantages over previously used herited variability in hybrid cells or their deriva- methods (Eliza, seed growth, and microscopy) that tives, strains improved with respect to yield, shelf are either complex, long andlor cannot distinguish life, temperature optima for growth and fruiting, or living from dead fungi in seed. Several inhibitors any other parameter could be selected. Information and substrates of the electron transport system were on the mating systems of wild Agaricus spp. is a pre- used to determine the site of INT reduction in requisite to any breeding program. We have found, noninfected seed and contrasted with the apparent that, consistent with earlier reports, A. bitorquis absence under anaerobic conditions in infected seed. is unifactorially heterothallic, with multiple alleles at the mating-type locus. Although nuclear E. R. BADHAM. Carolina Fungi, Inc. 2736 migration was previously unknown in Agaricus, we Lakeview Dr., Raleigh, NC 27609. The influence of found a strain of bitorquis whose nuclei apparent- A. humidity upon transpiration and growth in the mush- ly migrate within the opposing mycelium of some com- room Psilocybe cubensis. patible mates. A. vaporarius, which is very closely related to bisporus, was also unifactorially A. The influence of humidity upon individual hrterothallic. Further, A. bisporus, -and A. basidiocarps of Psilocybe cubensis was studied using bitorquis, and vaporariuswere intersterile wiTh A. an environmentally controlled wind tunnel and a com- one another. The mating systems of several other puter program which helped to model growth and 17 development. Regression models were developed which shoots and mummification of fruit, e.g. the "mummy were able to explain 77% of the variation in the berry" stage in blueberries, cranberries (Vaccinium) transpiration rate and 68% of the variation in growth and huckelberries (Gaylussacia). Recently we reported rate. Transpiration and growth of this mushroom were a new and unusual mechanism for dispersal of these significantly correlated with the humidity of the air. pathogens where infected shoots, including leaves The fastest growth and the lowest transpiration mimic flowers (2). The pathogen elicits behavior of occurred at the highest humidities. No inhibition of particular insect pollinators so that they are growth was detected at 0 pascals VDD (100% RH). attracted to infected parts where they lick the Misting accelerated growth and transpiration while mantle of conidia, and become contaminated with light had no effect. Although humidity was a very spores. When these insects subsequently visit host important factor influencing transpiration and growth, flowers, the conidia are deposited on their stigmas, the size and shape of the mushroom were also import- resulting in infected ovaries; and other floral ant in water relations. The final water content of parts, to be further dispersed. Here I discuss basidiocarps with thin stipes or those with large significance of comingling of inocula of several surface area/volume ratios was significantly lower sympatric Monilinia spp.: M. azaleae Honey, M. than that of thick stiped mushrooms or those with baccarum (SchrBt. ) Whet. , g. megalospora (Wor .) small surface area/volume ratios even though humidity Whet., fi. oxycocci (Wor.) Honey, M. polycodii was equal. Growth rates under conditions which (Reade) Honey, 1. vaccinii-corymbosi and others. promoted the highest levels of hydration of the At least one pair of Monilinia spp. hybridizes. basidiocarp were rapid (up to estimated 4% increase in dry weight per hour). 1. Batra, L. R. 1983. Mycologia 75: 131-152. 2. Batra, L. R. and S. W. T. Batra. 1985. Barro, S. C., see Dunn, P. H., et. al. Science 226 (May issue).

Barstow, W. E., see Freshour, G. D., et. al. Beattie, S. W., see Hammill, T. M., et. al., a. W.E. BARSTOW, W.L. LINGLE and G.D. FRESHOUR. - - Beattie, S. W., see Hammill, T. Y., et. al., b. Botany Department, The Uni versi ty of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602. The association of tubular and rough ER with gamma particle G. .GIBSON, - -L. -9BENNY J. L. and J. W. KIMBROUGH. proteins in Blastocladiella emersonii , Department of Botany, University of Florida, Blastocladiella britannica, maria Gainesville, FL 32611. anguillulae. Cytochemical observations on the merosporangia, merosporangiospores, and pseudophial ides of The presporulation coenocytic thallus of B. Linderina pennispora. emersonii, E.britannica and

characterized by the ~~~ Young Linderina pennispora merosporangiospores bundles' of tubular elements which ramify have several discernible layers and spines through the cytoplasm. The individual embedded in their walls. Fewer layers are tubules are composed of a single unit produced in the walls of the subtending membrane averaging 8.7 nm in thickness. At pseudophialides, but the septum and an associated this time each individual tubule is lobate structure (the abscission vacuole or surrounded by an 80 to 100 nm ribosome-free labyrinthiform organelle) are chemically different zone. When the tubules occur in bundles than the other walls. Cytochemical studies there is a regular 100 to 150 nm center to revealed the presence of a glucose- or center spacing which results in numerous mannose-containing cell coat on the merosporangia. hexagonal arrays as observed in cross The wall of the merosporangium and section. During the early stages of merosporangiospore, and the neck of the zoosporangium formation the bundles of pseudophialide are chemically different from the tubules lose their ordered re1 ationship to remainder of the wall of the pseudophialide or the each other and the previously clearly labyrinthiform organelle. Polysaccharides appear defined ribosome-f ree area around each to be present in the wall of the merosporangium, tubule becomes less distinct. At this time the spore spines, and the lenticular cavity. there is a rapid increase in rough ER and frequent connections are found between the tubules and cisternae of rough EH. The D. A. BETTERLEY. Spawn Mate, Inc., 555 North cisternae of rough ER contain the protein First St., San Jose, CA 95112. precursors of gamma particles. By the time Biological control of pathogens of of papilla formation the tubules had cultivated mushrooms (Agaricus spp.). disappeared. We assume that the tubule membranes had been converted to rough EK. This paper serves as a brief review of bio- logical control attempts in mushroom culti- vation and discussion of recent progress in L. R. BATRA. U. S. Dept. Agriculture, Beltsville the isolation and introduction of microbial Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland antagonists to reduce disease incidence. In 20705. Deceit and corruption: Ericaceae blights most cases, the antagonist must colonize the caused by Monilinia spp. mimic host flowers and compost and/or casing materials in the exploit pollinators as vectors. presence of pesticides or conditions used to control other pathogens. A group of Monilinia spp. invades diverse Ericaceae Sciarid flies (Lycoriella spp.:Diptera) (1). One species,, M. vaccinii-corymbosi (Reade) have been effectively controlled in small Honey is polytrophic on Vaccinium corymbosum L. and scale trials using several systems, among its several related species. In contrast, most other them isolates of Erynia montana (Entomoph- Monilinia spp. on the Ericaceae are rather species thorales), nematodes parasitic to sciarid specific. They cause' a blight of nascent spring larvae, and Bacillus thuringiensis. Nematodes, both parasitic and saprophytic, firmation of this identification is at present can cause yield reductions. Arthrobotrys being sought utilizing mass spectrometry. It is species can be effective, although proper interesting to note that QAC accumulation, sanitation is a simpler remedy. Work is especially accumulation of glycine betaine, has beginning on the control of Verticillium been associated with salt and water stresses in disease and bacterial mummy disease with the angiosperms. QACs could be of ecological use of bacterial antagonists. The greatest significance in fungi. success to date has been the control of bacterial blotch disease with antagonistic strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens selected MEREDITH BLACKWELL and G. MIKE W. ADAMS. by Dr. Peter Fahy in Australia. Cooperative Department of Botany, Louisiana State University, trials are underway in the U.S. for disease Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803. The exudate of control in mushroom houses and also for Inonotus dryadeus. increased postharvest quality of mushrooms. Inonotus dryadeus is a common root parasite of hardwoods in the Gulf Coast region. Basidiocarp 6. E. & H. V. T. COTiER. Department of Biology, development is characterized by the transport of a Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, watery exudate to the maturing basidiocarp surface. Blacksburg, VA 24061, U. S. A. As much as 5 ml of exudate can be transported in 12 Can sporocarp pattern measure the spatial pattern of hrs. While the mechanism of transport is the vegetative mycelium? - A test using the bolete, uncertain, it is known that the exudate moves in Boletinellus merulioida. thick-walled hyphae which lack cytoplasm and contain few septa; these hyphae end 1-2 mm from the Ecological studies of higher fungi have depended on basidiocarp surface. Cytoplasm is restricted to sporocarps as a measure of fungal presence, thin-walled hyphae which extend to the margin of productivity, or dominance. A major criticism of these the basidiocarp. Similar transport hyphae are also studies has been that the relationship of the present in Laetiporus sulphureus, d. persicinus, sporocarps to the vegetative mycelium is unknown. The and other polypores which produce exudates. accuracy of a sporocarp-determineddistribution pattern Exudate of i. dtiadeus from both living and dead was tested by using sclerotia as a marker of the trees of different species in characterized by low vegetative mycelium of Boletinellus rerulioidea. The pH, high organic salt content, several free amino spatial pattern of the vegetative mycelium was acids in low concentrations, and a variety of determined in 64 2 x 2 q contiguous quadrats and was unidentified proteins. The unconcentrated exudate compared to the spatial pattern of sporocarps produced has antibiotic activity at room temperature against in the quadrats over a 4-year period. Year-to-year all gram positive bacteria tested as well as sporocarp frequency in the quadrats varied greatly, and Pseudomonas aeru~inosa. Activity is confined to a and sporocarp frequency for a single year was an heat stable, low (<10,000) molecular weight unreliable indication of the pattern of the vegetative fraction. Treatment with DEAE Sephadex A-50 mycelium. However, cumulative sporocarp frequency over reduces antibiotic activity. the 4-year period provided a good estimate of the spatial pattern of the mycelium. Sporocarp and sclerotial densities were centered around and declined P. A. BLANZ, Lehrstuhl Spezielle Botanik, Universitat outward from Fraxinus americam trees. In a nearby, Tubingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 1, D-7400 Tubingen, second set of contiguous quadrats, no sporocarps were Fed. Rep. of Germany. observed over the four years; neither were sclerotia Ribosomal RNA nucleotide sequences and DNA/DNA homo- present in the plot despite the presence of E. logies for characterization of relationships within emeric-. The relationship between B. peruliow and the Heterobasidiomycetes. E. meric- is also discussed. Biochemical studies have proven to be a very helpful tool for taxonomy in mycology. This can be demonstra- MEREDITH BLACKWELL, ANTHONY J. KINNEY, PAUL T. ted nicely for the 5s ribosomal RNA as well as for RADFORD, and CATHERINE M. DUGAS. Department of DNA characteristics. Botany, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, At present, the 5s rRNA nucleotide sequences of about Louisiana 70803, and R. L. GILBERTSON. Department 57 basidiomycetous fungi are analysed. Their sequen- of Plant Pathology, University of Arizona, Tucson, ces can be easily distinguished from those of ascomy- Arizona 85721. The chemical basis of Melzer's cetous fungi. With respect to the 5s rRNA, Kabatiella reaction. microsticta proved to be an Ascomycete, while Taphri- -na deformans is closer related to the Basidiomycetes. For the last hundred years mycologists have used Within the Basidiomycetes, two different forms of 5s Melzer's reaction as a taxonomic character. Two rRNAs could be found, dividing this group into one previous studies attribute the blue staining part comprising the smut fungi parasitizing on dicots (amyloid) reaction to the presence of amylose in and the Rhodosporidia, and a second part containing five species of Basidiomycetes. We have verified most of the other Basidiomycetes. Using signature the presence of amylose and a correlated amyloid analysis and number of nucleotide exchanges, these reaction in additional species of Basidiomycetes two main groups can be split into different clusters. and in an ascomycete. Amylose and amylopectin were By this method the latter main group can be differen- not detected in species which showed a red tiated into clusters represented by a) several of the (dextrinoid) reaction. Species with a dextrinoid graminicolous smuts, Exobasidium vaccinii, Graphiola reaction did appear to have high concentrations of phoenicis and Tilletia controversa, b) Auricularia certain quarternary ammonium compounds (QACs), auricula-iudae, several rusts, several Homobasidiomy- which are known to form a red periodide complex cetes and others, as well as into clusters of single with KI The QACs were measured quantitatively, organisms as Farysia thuemenii, Microstroma iu~lan- after extraction of the fungus, by a &A -dis, Tulasnella violea, and Tilletiaria anomala. spectrophotometric technique. They were tentatively DNA/DNA homologies faciliate a more detailed look at identified as choline and glycine betaine by a the Ustilaginales, confirming the deep gap between combination of ion-exchange chromatography and the smuts parasitizing on dicots and those on grasses. 2-dimensional thin layer chromatography. Con- 19 JEAN R. BOISE. The New York Botanical Garden, Resting aporea were eeparate, not organized into a Bronx, NY 10458. A traditional fungal taxonomist cyetoeorue: they were ruet brown in color, amooth tries cladistics. walled, and were 4-4.6 pa in diameter.

Cladistic methodology is employed to avail a fresh perspective on the taxonomy of the melanommataceous Brewer, C., see Iturriaga, T. species named in Trematosphaeria. Congruence testing supports disposition of the taxa in a manner similar to that arrived at by traditional analysis. S.A. BRUNT and J.C. SILVER. Department of Outgroup comparison, using the Lophiostomataceae, Microbiology. University of Toronto, West Hill, provides evidence to reject the proposal that Ontario, Canada, MlClA4. The effect of the steroid Trematosphaeria is a synonym of Melanomma, but more hormone antheridiol on secreted proteins in the fungus detailed statements about species placement are Achlya ambisexualis. severely limited by the lack of studies on intra- familial relationships in the outgroup and by the The steroid hormone antheridiol induced changes in high degree of parallelism that is accepted in the proteins in the secreted fraction of the fungus taxonomy of the two families. Achlya 'ambisexualis. When the 35~-labeledproteins from control and hormone-treated cells were analyzed using SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Boucias, 0. G., see Pendland, J. C. fluorography both qualitative and quantitative changes were observed. The most prominent proteins observed in the secreted protein fraction from control cells S.M. BOYETCHKO and J.P. Tewari. Department of Plant had molecular weights of 57,000 (57K), 54,000 (54K) Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, and 50,000 (50K) respectively. Con A affinity Canada T6G 2P5. A new Glomus with dimorphic chromotography and treatment with the enzyme Endo- chlamydospores. glycosidase H strongly suggested that the latter two proteins were glycoproteins. After hormone treatment A previously unknown species of Glomus mycorrhizal the 54K and 50K proteins were barely detectable but with barley in Alberta was isolated.The proposed there was nearly a two-fold increase in the new species, Glomus dimorphicum sp. nov. is accumulation of a doublet of prominently labeled dimorphic, poTETTng both single (130 - 300 pm in proteins with relative molecular weights of 44,400 diameter) and grouped chlamydospores (50 - 130 pm in (44.4K) and 43,000 (43K) respectively. Neither of diameter). The young single spores possess three these two proteins bound to a Con A column or were wall layers: an outer hyaline wall layer which sensitive to enzymatic cleavage with Endoglycosidase eventually sloughs off, a middle laminated layer and H. Cleavage of the 54K and 50K proteins from control a thin inner wall layer. Older spores of the single cells with Endoglycosidase H produced a 45K protein type lack the outer hyaline wall layer. The spores which migrated close to the 44.4K and 43K protein of the grouped type form discrete radiate doublet from hormone-treated cells. These clusters. The wall layers in these grouped spores observations suggest that the steroid hormone are similar to those of the older single spore in antheridiol may induce changes in glycoprotein having two wall layers. The spores often have soil processing of secreted proteins in Achlya. particles agglutinated to their wall surfaces which (Supported by NSERC, Canada) makes study of the spore surface difficult. X-ray energy dispersive analyses facilitated the identification of the relatively clean areas of the Bunderson, C. V., see Weber, D. J., et. al. outer hyaline wall layer. Examination of the roots of barley has revealed extensive hyphal Sunderson, E. O., see Weber, D. J., et. al. colonization, very few vesicles and no arbuscul es. L. M. CARRIS, D. A. GLAWE, and L. I?. GRAY. Dept. of Plant Pathology, and USDA-ARS, Univ. of Illinois, J. P. BRASELTON. Department of Botany, Ohio Univereity, Athene, OH 45701. Urbana, IL 61801. Isdlation of fungal pathogens of soybeans from cysts of Heterodera glycines in Ultraatructure of Plaemodio~horadi~lantherae, A Illinois.

Plaamodiophoromycete Parasite on the Shoal Graaa.- --- Halodule wriahtii Cysts of Heterodera glycines, the soybean cyst nema- tode, were collected 1983-1984 from soybean fields in Plaemodio~horadi~lantherae (Ferdinandaen et Illinois. Of over 50 species of fungi isolated from Winge) Cook infected shoal graee, Halodule cysts, three were identified as known soybean patho- wriahtii Aecheraon, collected from the Indian gens. Identification of Corynespora cassiicola and Phialophora gregata, causal agents of Target Spot and River in Florida. In actively growing ehoota, color. of galla were white to light creaa near the shoot apex Brown Stem Rot diseases, respectively, was confirmed but light to dark brown beginning three to five nodea by demonstrating their pathogenicity on 'Century' from the apex. The paraeite wae contained within the soybeans. Neocosmospora vasinfecta, causal agent of inner cortex, infected celle of which were enlarged to Neocosmospora Stem Rot, was identified on the basis of morphological and cultural characters. This is ee much aa 250 pm in maximum diameter. All etagee of development appeared to be of the cyetogenoua phaae: the first report of C. cassiicola and N. vasinfecta from soybean fields in Illinois. no eporangie were obaerved. Ultraatructurally P. di~lantheraehad eeveral feature8 coneietent with cystogenoue plasmodia of other Plaemodiophoromycetee: MICHAEL A. CASTELLANO and R. MOLINA Forestry Plaemodia occurred within cytoplaaa of hoet celle, Sciences Laboatory, Pacific Northwest Forest and centrioles were paired end-to-end, and aynaptonemal Range Experiment Station, Corvallis, OR 97331. coaplexee (SCe) occurred in nuclei of transitional Distribution, ecology and mycorrhizal potential of plasmodia. The haploid chromosome number a8 some Pacific Northwest fungi. determined by counting the SCa wae nine, the loweet haploid number reported for Plaaaodiophoromycetee. Mycorrhizae have been synthesized in pure culture 20 for the first time with hypogeous Basidiomycota in fertilizer at the age of one year. The total wood the genera Alpova, Cautieria, Leucogaster, volume today in the fertilized plot is twice that Leucophleps, Mycolevis, Radiigera and Ascomycotina of the unfertilized plot. A greater diversity of in the genus Ceopora. These combinations gave fungi and a greater number of sporophores occurred in positive results: Alpova trappei Fogel with the fertilized plot during each sampling period. Douglas-f ir, lodgepole pine, and Sitka spruce ; Collection data from each subplot have been entered Gautieria monticola Harkn. and g. crispa Stewart L into a computer in such a manner that the spatial Trappe with lodgepole pine and Douglas-fir or Sitka distribution of sporophore production for each spruce, respectively; Cautieria otthii Trog. with species on each collectiondate, along with seasonal lodgepole pine and Sitka spruce; Geopora cooperi or yearly sums, has been preserved. These sum files Harkn. and Leucogaster rubescens Zeller h Dodge were subjected to various statistical tests, such as only with Douglas-fir; Leucophleps spinispora Fogel the Pearson r correlation coefficient, for further and Mycolevis Sicci~leba Smith with Douglas-fir, ~p~- analysis. Species showing good spatial correlations lodgepole pine, ponderosa pine, and western between seasons include Cortinarius semisanguineus, hemlock; Radiigera fuscoaleba Zeller only with Suillus decipiens and Tricholoma flavovirens. western hemlock. In addition, Boletus mirabilis Also,.an algorithm has been developed to calculate Murr., a lignicolous agaric, and Lycoperdon the relationship between the species in a specific pyriforme Pers., a often lignicolous true puffball, subplot with all other species within the subplot. formed mycorrhizae with western hemlock. The Differences in aircraft radiometric remote sensor relationship of these results to the ecology of values between 0.4 & 2.5 pm correlate well with the these taxa is discussed. differences in mycorrhizal involvement demonstrated by the observed field data. Cavender, J. C., see Hammer C. A. W. G. CIBULA, D. P. LEWIS and N. S. WEBER. m~r/~RL,at'l. Space Tech. Lab., NSTL, MS --T.E. CHASE and R.C. ULLRICH. Botany Dept., University VT 39529; Temple-Eastex, Evadale TX 77615; of Vermont, Burlington, 05405. Genetics of inter- Herbarium, Univ. of Mich., Ann Arbor, MI sterility in Heterobasidion annosum. 48109. Observations on the boletes of the Gulf Coast region. Our mating studies using a world-wide collection of strains of this root-rotting basidiomycete provide The diversity of boletes in southeastern data on the genetic system determining intersterile North America is perhaps the greatest on the groups (i.e., biological, species). We have identified continent. These mycorrhizal fungi include a five intersterility (IS) genes. The IS genes and al- number of species which are seldom leles are designated: VI+/Vl-, Vz+/VZ-, V3+/V3-, St/ encountered in other regions of North S-, and P+/P-. To be interfertile, two homokaryons America. Some elements of the bolete flora must each carry a + allele for the same IS gene (e.g., such as Boletellus ananus occur elsewhere in in the case of V1+ VZ- V3- S+ P- x Vl- V2- L13+ S+ P- tropical regions, particularly the Asian the two are interfertile by virtue of St. Homozygos- tropics. Other species such as Boletus ity for the positive alleles of any IS gene suffices and negative alleles do not affect the positive inter- catervatus, described from the Asian tropics, have been found on the Gulf Coast. Species action. These IS genes function to determine inter- diversity in Suillus and Leccinum appears to sterility and interfertility independently of incom- be lower in the Coastal Plain than elswhere patibility (i.e., mating type) alleles. Therefore, in North America while that of Tylopilus, within interfertile groups, compatible homokaryons must be heterozygous for incompatibility alleles Strobilomyces, and Boletus seems to be (e.g., A1 x A?). Many of the first isolates studied greater. from nature carry - alleles for all V genes and are either S+/P- or S-/P+. Consequently, the IS' and 'PI Clark, J., see Hu, F.-S, et. al. - intersterile groups were recognized first. The V genes were implicated subsequently when samples were Clark, J., see Hu, F.-S. increased. Our conclusions are based on analyses of crosses involving progeny from naturally-occurring isolates and interfertile crosses. These data pro- -K.W. OOCHRAN. Departments of Epidemiology and of vide the first model for the genetic basis of inter- ~rmacology,University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI sterility and speciation in higher fungi. 48109, and NAMA Committee. Cases reported to the NAMA Mushroan Poisoning Case Registry in 1984.

Choi, H. T., see Ross, I. K., et. al. In 1984 the Registry received 61 reports involving 87 cases, sane involving earlier events. Most cases Chung, W. C., see Setliff, E. C. (87%) involved mushrcuns ingested for fccd; 8% for non-nutritional recreation; 5% accidently by children Eight cases involved unknown s~ecies: 6 W. G. CIBULA and C. L. OVREBO. Earth Resources Labo- cases, mixed species - all Amanita. ~hlo~o~hyllun ratory, NASA, NSTL Station, MS 39529 and Matthaei mol Mites was the most frequently reported species Botanical Gardens, The University of Michigan, Ann &followed by Annillaria mellea, 6; mnita Arbor, MI 48105. Diversity and distribution of pantherina and Collybia acervata, 4; Amanita mycorrhizal basidiomycetes in two Pinus taeda plots muscaria and Leucoagaricus naucinus, 3. TWO fatal in Mississippi. cases involved Amanita bisporigera and Psi locybe cubensis, the latter anaphylactically. With the Mycorrhizal basidiomycetes were inventoried in 2 newly reported cases, 2 or more incidents have now plots of Pinus taeda on a weekly basis in 1974-1975, been reported to the Registry for the following 1975-76 and 1983-84. The 120 x 120 foot plots have species (syrnptams for all were gastrointestinal and 25 year old trees at 10 foot spacings, resulting in as noted): Amanita muscaria, 5 -2 with very viscous 144 subplots. The two plots differ with seedlings mucus, 1 each ha1 lucination and unconscious; A. of one having received a single dose of N-P-K -Ivirosa 4; millaria mellea, 6; Collybia acervatya 4-a 11 severe GI; Craterellus cornucopioides, 2; J.M. CURLIN, Department of Botany, University of Galerina autumnalis, 2 - severe GI; Lactarius California, Davis, California 95616. Ultra- chelidonius, 2; Leumagarias naucinus, 4; Lepiota structural features of Microstroma juglandis: -rubrotincta, 2; Phaeolepiota aurea, 2f Pleurotus A taxonomic anomaly. ostreatus, 2; Psilocybe plbensis. 2 muscle tremors and CNS; Russula &3ental is, 2; Scleroderma Microstroma juglandis (Heterobasidiomycetes- citrinum, 2. More extensive reporting of cases, Cryptobasidial El-aeaf parasite of several where professiona 1 or amateur mycologists are Juglans species. The life cycle includes a involved, is needed. yeast phase but repetitive germination is unknown. The basidium, which is aseptate, bears S. D. COHEN and J. J. MOTTA. Department of Botany, 8 or more symnetrical ly attached basidiospores University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742. on short, peg-like structures. In the process Associated protein changes with rhizomorph differen- of conducting growth studies under various tiation in Armillaria mellea. environmental conditions, it was observed that some isolates form hyphal strands in culture. Molecular events associated with the differentiation Three fixation techniques have been compared in of rhizomorphs on undifferentiated mycelium of the preparation of this organism for electron Armillaria mellea have not been studied previously. microscopy, including the technique of freeze Undifferentiated mycelium is induced to differentiate substitution. A study of the ultrastructrual rhizomorphs in a minimal medium containing minute features of this fragile organism offers new amounts of alcohol. This transformation is accom- data concerning the taxonomic position of this plished in four distinct stages; induction, initia- obscure pathogen. t ion, differentiation and rhizomorph elongat ion. Inhibitor studies with cycloheximide and actinomycin KURT R. DAHLRERG. Campbell Institute for D indicate that rhizomorph differentiation is regu- Research and Technology. P.O. Box 311. lated at the transcriptional level. Quantitative Napoleon, OH 13545. differences exist between induced and non-induced AGARICUS SOMATIC CELL HYBRIDIZATION. mycelia with respect to the total amount of protein. Protein extracts from induced and non-induced mycelia The commercial mushroom fungus Agaricus were analyzed by one-dimensional polyacrylamide gel bisporus (A. brunnescens) is generally electrophoresis. The number of peptides differed considered to have limited genetic when induced and non-induced mycelia were coinpared. diversity. Extensive inbreeding of commercial strains as well as the inherent difficulties associated with secondary Cole. R. J., see Yates, I. E., et. al. homothallism have led researchers to believe that the upper limit of strain improvement is being approached. J. C. Cooke Biology Group, University of Connecticut at Avery Point, Groton, CT 06340. VA mycorrhizal One alternative to a traditional mushroom fungi associated with Amnophila breviligulata in a breeding program which may hold promise to Connecticut sand dune. increase genetic diversity and result in improved mushroom strains is interspecies Recent studies on VA fungi associated with Ammophila hybridization. Recent efforts have breviligulata from marine sand dunes have shown a attempted to create interspecies hybrids positive correlation between the percent cover of through protoplast fusion. Although this the dune by Ammophila and VA fungal spores from technique has proven to be quite rhizosphere samples. Spore density and spore species successful among other fungal groups, have been shown to increase with the age and stabil- methods to create, fuse, and regenerate ity of the dunes. Samples from a dune-beach area of Agaricus protoplasts are inefficient, and Bluff Point State Preserve in southeastern Connecti- much additional research is needed. cut have produced findings that support the results Research efforts by several groups to reported in other studies. The dune is a tombolo of medium fine sand and is known as Bluff Point Beach achieve successful fusion of Agaricus protoplasts and the advantages of using and Bushy Point Beach. Samples were taken from the protoplast methodologies will be reviewed rhizosphere of Ammophila plants on three parallel and compared to previous attempts to transects at regular intervals. The transects were create improved mushroom strains. 2 meters apart and crossed the dune from the south facing side on Fisher's Island Sound to the north facing side on the Poquonock River. A modified wet- Oashek, W. V., see Taylor, R., et. al. seiving procedure that emphasized counts of VA spores of Gigaspora larger than 0.27 mm was used. The 6. DEML, Lehrstuhl Spezielle Botanik, Universitat results of the findings will be presented. -- Tubingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 1, D-7400 Tubingen, Fed. Rep. of Germany. Cooper, M. O., see Ellzey, J. T., et. al. Recent trends in the taxonomy of the phragmobasidial Ustilaginales. Cotter, D. 4., see Harris, S. D. For a long time the smuts have been considered as a Cotter, H. V. T., see Bills, G. F. more or less uniform group of parasitic fungi. But in truth the term "smut fungi" describes rather a type of infection than a natural group of fungi. Quite recently the phragmobasidial Ustilaginales have been analized by modern techniques, such as enzymatic patterns, siderophore formation under low iron condi- tions, and sequences of 5s ribosomal RNA. As a result of these studies carried out on cultures it can be assumed that even the Ustilaginales s. str. confirm previous studies m bacteria. Ultrasonicaticm seem not to represent a homogeneous taxon. was fmd to be more efficient than shaking in the On that basis a number of species of the genera renwal of transient spores from leaves. Results Anthracoidea, Far sia, ~icrobotr~um,S hacelotheca from sampling waste water for viable transient spores indicated that the duration of washing and the soorisorium.~- ~ a&laao- ~ were restu#kTGTiE; mbrphologicai characteristics and the germinat ion of anperage used with the probe must be adjusted to teliospores. aquire maximm remwal efficiency, but at the saw In consideration of the host plants, the site and time avoid injury to the transient spores and morphology of the sori, tel iospore formation and vegetative mycel im. germination, as well as the criteria cited above, the phragmobasidial Ustilaginales can be divided into at M.J.DYKSTRA and E.J.NOGA. School of Veterinary least three clusters. Medicine, North Carol ina State University, Raleigh, 1) Genera which parasitize monocotyledonous hosts, NC 27606. A Newly Described Oomycete Disease of 2) genera which parasiteze dicotyledonous hosts - Fish, Menhaden Ulcerative Mycosi s (MUM). these groups show an obvious affinity to the heterobasidiomycetous yeast genera Leucosporidium In the spring, summer, and fall of 1984, deep skin and Rhodos oridium -, and ulcers were noted in a large proportion of menhaden 3) Far ria, aPgenus which is unique because of the collected from the estuaries of North Carolina. Wet &on of the tel iospores. mounts of lesion material showed broad, aseptate hyphae in 54 out of 56 lesions. Histopathology Dorner, J. W., see Yates, I. E., et. al. revealed broad, aseptate hyphae in 90% of the lesions to which the fish had mounted an immune response lead- Dugas, C. M., see Blackwell, M., et. al. ing to large granulomas surrounding the hyphae. Lesion material from 39 fish was placed on nutrient media for Dunn, P. H., see Durall, 0. M. 14 hours at room temperature at which time emerging hyphal tips were removed to fresh media. Twelve of the lesions contained Achls or Sa role nia sp., 13 P. H. DUNN, S. C. BARRO, AND M. A. POTH. USDA Forest contained imperfect fuF, and 9$kXdk fungi. Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment In some cases, hyphae were teased from the lesion. After 14 hours, the growing tips were transferred and Station, Forest Fire Laboratory, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr., Achly; sp. was subsequently identified. The intense Riverside, CA 92507. Comparison of physiological granu omatous response to the fungus coupled with the methods to measure soil microbial biomass. absence of any other predominant parasites in the lesions suggests the deep involvement of the fungus Fungi generally account for three-fourths of the with the disease. The ubiquity of the fungal genera microbial biomass in soil. Two of the preferred involved further suggests that other environmental physiological methods of measuring the total microbial factors are the primary cause of the disease with the biomass are the fumigation and incubation technique fungi being heavily involved in the lethal end-stage of Jenkinson and Powlson and the glucose addition of the disease. It is particularly unusual to find technique of Anderson and Domsch. The glucose Oomycetes in the high salinities (up to 1.3 ppt) from addition method gives potential biomass for a site which the fish were collected. while the fumigation technique gives a measure of current biomass. The soil microbial biomass in a chaparral chronosequence (six separate sites) was J. J. ELLIS. Northern Regional Research Center, ARS, evaluated with both methods using soil from beneath USDA, Peoria, IL 61604. Species and varieties in the several Adenostoma fasciculatum (~f)and Ceanothus Rhizopus microsporus group as indicated by their DNA greggii (Cg) shrubs at each site. The two methods complementarity. indicated similar trends in biomass fluctuation with stand age. Regression analysis showed that the two Deoxyribonucleic acid renaturation studies between methods were directly related for both shrub species authenticated strains of Rhizopus species that f om (Af: r= 0.85, Cg: r= 0.62, combined: r= 0.73). short sporangiophores support conclusions that most of those published species should be considered varieties of R. microsporus. Strains of R. chinensis D. M. and P. H. WNN. Pacific Southwest var . liquefaciens , ;: . pseudochinensis, R . oligospor- Forest and mge Experiment Station, Forest Service, us, R. cohnii, R. rhizopodiformis, and R. pygmaeus U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Fire Laboratory, gave high nuclear DNA relatedness with strains of R. 4955 Canyon Crest Drive, Riverside, CA 92507. microsporus and R. chinensis. In contrast, strains of R. tritici and R. niveus showed low relatedness The use of an ultrasonic probe for renwing fungal with R. microsporus and R chinensis, but much higher spores from California bay (mariacal ifornica . relatedness with strains of R . arrhizus . Theref ore, (H. & A.) Nutt.) leaves. nuclear DNA complementarity studies are consistent, for the most part, with conclusions recently based on Root, leaf, and soil washing techniques were developed morphological observations concerning varieties and to facilitate the isolation of fmgi present in the species of Rhizopus vegetative state rather than those in a transient . spore state. These techniques have used shaking and txlbbling mechanics to remwe transient spores, J. T. ELLZEY, M. 0. COOPER and T. H. HAMMONS. leaving behind resident fmgi. The resident fmgi Biological Sciences, University of Texas at can then be isolated by plating leaf, root, and El Paso, El Paso, TX. 79968-0519. Ultra- soil particles onto growing media. The washing structure of membrane-bounded structures efficiency of these methods has been low. In some within hypovirulent strains of Endothia studies, as many as 60 one-minute washings per sanple (Cryphonectria) parasitica. were required. In bacteriological research, an ultrasonic probe has been used to dislodge bacteria from soil. Ramval efficiency is higher than that Transmission electron microscopy of freeze- achieved by shaking mechanics. Results of washing substituted hyphae of virulent and hypoviru- cal if ornia bay leaves and subsequent f ungal isolation lent strains of Endothia (Cryph0nectria)para- sitica has revealed the presence of aggre- the sheath reacts with diaminobenzidine and hydrogen gates of membrane-bounded structures (30-80nm peroxide (DAB/H202) to form a dark product, and exper- in diam) within the hypovirulent and convert iments were performed to determine if the protein com- strains (113; 802 and 713). Such particles ponent of the sheath has peroxidase activity. However, were not observed within the virulent strains the DAB/H202 reaction product accumulates primarily in (67 and 155). Utilizing a polyethylene gly- the fibrillar portion of the sheath, and the intensity col extraction procedure followed by negative of the reaction is not diminished by prior treatment staining with 0.5% uranyl acetate, two sub- with anti-Bipolaris antiserum nor heat. Thus, the populations of spherical particles (21-42 nm proteinaceous patches in the sheath are not directly in diam) and (52-92 nm in diam) were obtain- involved in the DAB/H202 reaction. ed from the hypovirulent and convert strains. No such particles were isolated from the vir- ulent strains. Diphenylamine, orcinol and e- D. F. FARR. Mycology Laboratory, Plant Protection thidium bromide tests are being conducted to Institute,U.S. Department of Agriculture,Beltsville determine if there is an association between Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland nucleic acids and the membrane-bounded struc- 20705. Ccmputerization of the National Fungus tures which were obtained from polyethylene Collections. glycol extractions of hyphae. Over the last five years the Mycology Laboratory has G.W. Erdos Dept. Micro. Cell Sci. C.M. West successfiill~implenazted a ~rojectto computerize -- & & the specimen label data in the National Fungus Dept. Anatomy, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL Collections. Currently about 220,000 specimens of 32611. Use of monoclonal antibodies for the been localization of carbohydrate in Dictyostelium. rusts, smuts, and polypores have catalogued. OLn ex~eriencesduring the project's developent as Glycoproteins (GP) that bind wheat germ agglutinin well as our current procedures will be discussed. We (WGA) are secreted into the medium during have found that to a large extent the overall manage- development in liquid. To determine which of ment of the project is wre brtant than the types these became associated with the insoluble of cquter hardware or software. Factors that we extracel lular matrix during normal development on have found critical to the success of the project, a solid substratum, monoclonal antibodies were such as the addition of unique nunbers to each speci- raised against cellular WGA binding glycoproteins. men, will be briefly discussed. Same general charac- Three clones were chosen which produced anti bodies teristics of the kinds and distributions of the against distinct families of developmentally specimens in the NFC will be ~resented. In addition regulated GPs. The epitopes are carbohydrates to providing research scientists with listings of since they are pronase resistant and periodate various groups of fqifor their own studies, the sensitive. Thin sections of 20 hr. culminants data base is also being utilized in other ways such were labelled indirectly using an ammonium sulfate as the revision of the Index of Plant Diseases in fraction of hybridoma culture supernatant followed the United States (USDA, Agriculture Handbook No. by goat antimouse IgG bound to colloidal gold. 165) . Antibody 81.8 labelled the plasma membrane (PM) & internal vesicles of prespore & prestalk cells & 'and 0. K. Miller Jr. Department of Biology, the PM 81 central vacuole of stalk cells. Secreted VPI & SU, Blacksburg, Va. 24061. A biosystematic study epitopes of this anti body were incorporated into of the AGROCYBE PRAECOX species complex. the slime sheath. Antibody 83.5 was prespore specific being localized on the PM & internally. Certain members of the genus AGROCYBE (Bolbitiaceae, Secreted GPs of this family were incorporated in Basidiomycetes) are highly polymorphic and form species the slime sheath & the stalk tube. Antibody 40 complexes. As a result, considerable taxonomic labelled both prestalk cells & to a lesser extent confusion is associated with these groups of species. prespore cells. This epitope was localized in the The A. PRAECOX species complex is the subject of this slime sheath only in the prespore area. Thoughts study. Biosystematic techniques have been employed to on methodologies for the preservation of help define the range and limits of variation among carbohydrate epitopes are also considered. taxa in this complex. This study focuses on mating compatibility and correlated morphological R. C. EVANS and H. STEMPEN. Biology Department,Rutgers characteristics. Mating relationships of populations University, Camden, NJ 08102. Localization of protein obtained from three disjunct geographic. regions in the hyphal sheath of Bipolaris maydis race T. (western North America, eastern North America, and western Europe) have been examined. Regional mating Previous studies have demonstrated that thesheath-like relationships were analysed by confronting two extension of the cell wall found on germ tubes and hy- compatible single spore isolates per collection in phal tips of Bipolaris maydis race T contains antigen- every unique combination. Out of nine populations ic material. Experiments utilizing rabbit IgG anti- representing w. North America, two intersterile mating serum showed the ferritin label concentrated in dis- compatibility groups were identified. However, only one crete patches within the fibrillar matrix of the mating compatibility group was identified from nine sheath and more evenly distributed on the outer sur- populations representing e. North America. Two face of the hyphal wall proper. When germinated con- intersterility groups were identified from four idia were treated with papain there was a considerable collections representing w. Europe. Mating reduction in the localization of the ferritin label in relationships among populations from the three the sheath, indicating that the antigenic material is geographic regions and their correlated morphological proteinaceous in nature. When germinated conidia were characteristics are compared and discussed. reacted with ~odavue~protein visualization reagents, darkly-staining patches could also be observed in the sheath using light microscopy. Prior treatment with papain reduced or eliminated this staining, lending support to the hypothesis that protein is localized in these regions. Previous studies have also shown that 2 4 L. FREDERICK, IVAN L. ROTlI, and lXETER PEND~~.Fuller, N. S., see Freshour, G. 0.. et. al. Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, and U. S. Forest Service, Mge Tinter and Wildlife Division, Atlanta, GA 30309 J.1:. GEMMA and R.E. KOSKE. Department of Botany, The "peridial platelets" of Clast&m - a clarifi- university of Rhode Island, Kingston, R. I. 02881. cation. Seasonal Spore Dormancy in Gigaspor5 gigantea.

Structures that have been described as "peridial platelets" =present the key diagnostic feature typi- Monthly field collections of Gigaspora gigantea fying the myxcmycete genus Clastodenra. Tnese dis- demonstrated seasonal variation in spore number and crete flattened structures that persist in sporangia percent spore germination. An increase in spore of I17embers of the genus have been reported to be of number in September was correlated with a reduction peridial origin. \Ve have investigated the nature of in percent germination that continued over a 2 month, these "peridial" platelets with scanning electron period. Germination of spores on sand plates increas- microscopy and have found them to be ontogenetically ed from 4.2% in September to 945 in December. This related to the capillitial system instead of being agrees with previously reported evidence for a spore derived from the peridium. Platelets develop from dormancy period that was found for other vesicular the dichotcmised ends of capillitial branches that arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) species grown in pot broaden into oval or elongate, flattened, anastarosed culture. segrrents. They nray have a mthto slightly pitted surface outer and smatveined undersurface. me R. V. GESSNER, R. I\'. SCIIUL:, :lnd bl. :A. RObLXYO. platelets are relatively thick and the expanded por- Department of Bio1ogic:ll Sciences, licstcrn I1 1 ino is tion has a clear uninterrupted continuity with the University, blacomb, IL blJS5. Popul:~tion gcnct ic narm cvlindric ends of the ca~illitialbranches. analysis of blorchel la spp. During the early stages of sporkgial develomnt the capillitial system and sporoplasm are enveloped by a Starch gel electrophoresis was utilized to investi- thin &rano& peridium. When the sporangib gate inheritance patterns and the population matures the peridium disintegrates exposing the structure of blorcllella spp. from west centrill underlying cmillitial platelets and the spore mass. I1 1 inois. Twelve enzymes encoded by 16 presumpr ive The only portion of the-peridium that persists in a loci were analyzed from tissue homogenotes of broth nature sporangium is a collar-like mant at the top grown mycelium and field collected ascocarps. Data of the stalk. were analyzed to determine the extent of intrn- and inter-specific variation within and among populations. Frederick, L., see Howell-Major, Y., et. al. In order to determine the potential for gene flow between individuals, single iiscospore cultures from Frederick, L., see Wilfred, A., et. al. individual ascocnrps of -M. --del iciosa were studied and preliminary data silggcst that the a1 1 eles segregate in a Hendel inn manner. Elect romorph -G.D.FRESHOUR, - W.E.8ARSTUW and M.S.FULLER. differences were greater between M. ~leliciosaand Botany Department, The University of -!I. csculenta than among individual isolates of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602. The either species. These data support the division of ultrastructure of mitosis in Rhizidiomyces these taxa into separate species. apophysatus. Serial sections of the early stages of -J. L. GIBSON. Department of Botany, University of germination and of sporogenesi s in R. FloZdGainesvil le, FL 32611. a o h satus revealed the following features Light and Electron Microscopy of Endogone (I) the angle between the pisiformis. centrioles of prophase nuclei is ca. 135' (2) the nuclear envelope persists and is Sporocarpic tissues, including zygosporangia and fenestrated at the poles (3) the nucleolus zygospores, of Endogone pisiformis were examined disperses into a pocket to the sides of the with both light and electron microscopy. The metaphase chromosomes and is not seen at sporocarps are covered by a peridium of later stages (4) Golgi membranes and thick-walled, branched, tapering hyphae that stain vesicles are abundant adjacent to the reddish-brown in Melzer's reagent. The centrioles and polar fenestrae at prophase zygosporangia develop from the fusion of paired, and metaphase (5) during metaphase vesicles apposed gametangia. A primary zygosporangium is move into the spindle apparatus and are disrupted by an expanding secondary found on either side of the metaphase zygosporangium, within which the zygospore chromosomes. At anaphase these i ntranucl ear develops. Zygosporangial and zygospore walls vesicles move ahead of the advancing contrast in staining properties with both light chromosomes (6) perinuclear ER and and electron microscopy. Gametangial septa are microbodies surround the nuclei during mult iperforate and glebal hyphae possess anaphase and telophase (7) during telophase infrequent septa with single, central the daughter nuclei are formed by the perforations. The primary constituents of the addition of new envelope to existing zygospore cytoplasm are two types of lipid globule membranes (8) the mid-region of the original that differ in their staining properties. nucleus is excluded at telophase. The morphological events of mitosis in K. apophysatus supports the taxonomic --J. L. GIBSON and J. W. Kimbrough. Department of separation of the Hyphochytriomycota from Botany, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL the Oomycota and Chytridiomycota. 32611. Ultrastructure and development of Glaziella Freshour, G. D., see Rarstow, W. E., et. al. aurantiaca. Glaziella aurantiaca is a fungus that has been collected infrequently in lowland tropics and has microplacum produced a hyphomycetous state with sympo- been traditional ly placed in the Endogonaceae. The dially and percurrently proliferating conidiogenous data here from both light and electron microscopy cells and cylindrical conidia; 2. vicinula produced indicate that this fungus is an ascomycete. The soft-walled pycnidia, percurrently proliferating co- septa of sporocarpic hyphae have central pores nidiogenous cells, and filiform conidia; g. angulosa with plugs of electron opaque material and produced irregular, pycnidium-like conidiomata, per- associated Woronin bodies, a septa1 configuration currently proliferating conidiogenous cells, and cyl- typical of ascomycetes. The asci form in locules indrical conidia; G. platystoma produced a of pseudoparenchyma within the thin walls of the Nodulisporium state with sympodially proliferating co- hollow sporocarps. A single, large spore forms nidiogenous cells and obovoid to ellipsoid conidia. within each ascus. By maturity the ascus wall has Similarities in conidial ontogeny and morphology, as disintegrated and the large ascospore lies within well as certain resemblances of teleomorphs, suggest the remnants of the pseudoparenchynatous locule. that the Diatrypaceae and Xylariaceae are relatively Previous researchers have mistaken this unispored closely related. ascus for a terminal chlamydospore and thus erroneously placed this fungus in the Gochenaur, S. E., see last page of abstracts. Endogonaceae.

ROGER D. GOOS, University of Rhode Island, Botany Gibson, J. L., see Benny, G. L., et. al. Department, Kingston, RI 02881. A preliminary survey of aero-aquatic fungi in Rhode Island. R. L. GILBERTSON. Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, and The aero-aquatic fungi are a unique ecological MEREDITH BLACKWELL. Department of Botany, group, adapted to life in aquatic habitats, where Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803. they develop on submerged vegetation and sporulate Host and geographical distribution of Gulf Coast when the substrate becomes exposed to air. Largely wood-rotting fungi. through the work of Webster and his associates, knowledge about the group has expanded markedly in The Gulf Coast is characterized within the United recent years. Relatively little work has been done States by high average summer and winter on the group in North America. Results of surveys temperatures, long frost free periods, high in Rhode Island indicate that the aeroaquatic fungi rainfall and humidity, and a diverse flora of both are well represented in our area, and have revealed hardwood and conifers which act as substrates for some new records for North America. wood-rotting fungi. Temperate, tropical, and presumed endemic species are characteristic of the Gordon, W. R., see Howell-Major, M.. et. al. fungal flora. We have been particularly interested in fungi which are associated with living trees. Grassucci, R. A., see Hammill, T. M., et. a1 Some polypore and agaric species associated with Quercus virginiana (live oak) show a distinct seasonality of fruiting while others are perennial. D. J. GRAY and H. V. AMERSON. University of Two species are restricted to live oak and several Florida, ItAS AREC, P.O. Box 388, Leesburg, FL are more commonly associated with this species than 32749-0388 and Botany Department, North Carolina others in the western gulf region. Species State University, Raleigh, NC 27650. Potential of composition of fungi associated with live oak -in vitro screening for fusiform rust resistance in changes significantly in the western part of the 2. lobmpine embryos. virginiana range. Twenty-five species of polypores, agarics, and corticoid fungi are known Fusiform rust (Cronartium uercuum (Berk.) Miyabe to be associated with Juniperus virginiana (eastern ex Shirai f. sp. fusiformebion of loblolly red cedar) in the gulf coast region. Fungal pine (Pinus taeda -red in vitro in the same species composition and frequency are reduced on manner as inivivo. A numberof tential host this host in central Texas. Only one species responses to infection were identified fi vitro as associated with J. virginiana is known to occur on early as 36 hours after basidiospore inomion species of western juniper. including rapid necrosis, cell wall appositions, periderm and hypertrophy with hyperplasia. The development of rapid necrosis was satistically Ginns, J. H., see Redhead, S. A. correlated with a seed line exhibiting long term field resistance. This suggested that in vitro Glawe, 0. A., see Carris, L. M., et. al. resistance screening could dramatically reTuce the evaluation time needed to select resistant trees and seed lines. In addition, incorporation of fi D. A. GLAWE, and J. D. ROGERS. Dept. of Plant Pathol- vitro screening with tissue culture propagation may ogy, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, and Dept. beed to produce elite genotypes not obtainable of Plant Pathology, Washington State Univ., Pullman, with conventional breeding practices. WA 99164. Conidial states of some species of Diatrypaceae and Xylariaceae. Gray, L. E., see Carris, L. M., et. al. Anamorphs of Eutypa spinosa (Pers.: Fr.) Tul. and Hypoxylon microplacum (Berk. & Curt.) J. H. Yiller C.A. HAMMER AND J.C. CAVENDER. Botany Department. Ohio were studied in culture on uotato dextrose anar-. (PDA) University, Athens, Ohio 15701. Dictyostelids in S.E. and in moist chambers. Diatrype vicinula (Nyl.) Berl. Ohio agricultural soils. Eutypella angulosa (Nits.) Sacc., and Graphostroma latystoma (Schw.) Pirozynski were cultured on Bonar's A survey of dictyostelids in agricultural and forest Prodification of Leonian's medium, or on PDA amended soils of some S.E. Ohio farms and a seasonal study in with yeast extract. Eutypa spinosa produced a soils of four agricultural fields indicate that the Selenosporella-like state with sympodially proliferat- ecolopy of sone species is directly affected by agri- ing conidiogenou~cells and cylindrical conidia; 11. cultural treatment. In both survey (1 25 soil samples) 26 and seasonal study (450 soil samples), Dictvostelium ened areas were formed, suggestive of a support func- sohaerocephalum showed a positive response to pastur- tion. The conical "warts," which ornament mature zy- ing when adjacent woods or old field are used for com- gospores, were electron-opaque. They initiated as e- paris011. A similar but less pronounced response was lectron-opaque thickenings in the developing zygospore noted for 2. mucoroides. Polysphondilium violaceum had wall,. "Mart" initials appeared on fusion septa, and an opposite response. Polysphondilium pallidurn was it appears that fusion septa may only partially dis- found more frequently in the survey from pastures and solve and then evaginate rather than dissolve com- old fields than from tilled fields, hay fields or pletely. More work should clarify this. Zygospore woods. Both Dictvostelium discoideun and 2. polyceph- wal! layers are deposited beneath qametangial wall -alum were restricted to the undisturbed forest sites, layers which rupture as a zygospore inflates. "Wart" while D. aureo-stipes and D. puroureum showed little initials become confluent at their bases. Protoplas- or no response to agricultural treatment. Forest soil mic projections into regions between developing had the greatest diversity of dictyostelid species, "warts" contained numerous vesicles, consistent with followed by old fields, pastures, tilled fields and developmental models for wall deposition. Karyogamy hay fields. The seasonal study indicated that fluc- appears to occur shortly after plasmogamy. Nuclei in tuations in total dictyostelid density closely follow prozygospores often were seen to have variable shapes fluctuations in the soil moisture through time and and to contain microtubules. Zygospores developed were most pronounced in soils of the woods and old numerous lipid qlobules. There is no evidence to date field. The results demonstrate a possible role for the cellular slime molds as indicators of soil conditions which supports a zygospore/zygosporangium dichotomy. which may be relevant for enhancing soil biological input into agricultural systems. Hammons, T. H., see Ellzey, (1. T., et. al.

T. M. HAMMILL, S. W. BEATTIE, and R. A. GRASSUCCI. Harding, K., ,ee Pommerville, J., et. al. SUNY-Oswego Laboratory for Ultrastructural Studies, SUNY College of Arts and Science, Oswego, NY 13126. S. D. HARRIS and D. A. COTTER, Department of Biology, Scanning electron microscopy of zyqosporogenesis in University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada --Mucor mucedo . N9B 3P4. Characterization of Saccharmyces cerevisiae mutants unable to grow in trehalose Mated cultures of Mucor mucedo L. :Fr., NRRL 3634 (-) containing media. X NRRL 3635 (+), w-rm 10 C with a photope- riod of 12 h light alternatinq with 12 h darkness. Haploid vegetative cells of the yeast Saccharomyces Primary fixation for SEF! was done for 3 h in an unbuf- cerevisiae contain two trehalase activities. The fered mixture of 2% ql utaraldehyde and 2% formal de- activity located in the cytoplasm has a neutral pH hyde. Postfixation was in unbuffered 1% 0s04. De- optimum and is responsible for the breakdown of hydration in ethanol was followed by transition to endogenously synthesized trehalose. The activity acetone and critical point drying in a Sorvall CPD located in the vacuole is active at an acidic pH System. value and has not been assigned a cellular function. We have found that growth of vegetative cells on The position of gametangial septa, formed after fu- exogenous trehalose induces the trehalase activity sion of progametangial tips, was determined easily in which functions at the acidic pH value. Cells grown SEM images. Suspensors, delimited as a result of on maltose, as well as stationary phase glucose gametangial septation, contained unequal amounts of grown cells also express this activity. We have protoplasmic contents, sugqesting that gametangia isolated a mutant that does not grow on trehalose contribute disproportionately to zygospores. Branch- or maltose, and fails to express this enzyme activ- ed micronyphae were observed commonly over the surface ity. The mutant grows well on glucose and sucrose, of developing zygospores. The outer wall of gametan- but enters the stationary phase earlier than wild- gia became ruptured and torn as the warty projections, type cells. Preliminary evidence indicates that the characteristic of mature zygospores, developed from mutant is not impaired in trehalose transport. the underside, initially at the position of the fu- Arrested mutant cells appear to accumulate carbo- sion septum. Enlargement of zygospore initials was hydrate material in the vacuole. These results radial in the plane of the fusion septum. Then, suggest that this vacuolar trehalase activity has a zygospores enlarged toward gametangial septa. As a degradative function in glucose depleted cells, result , developing zygospores changed shape from while being specifically induced by growth on oblong-ell iptical to spherical. Warty projections on trehalose or maltose. zyqospores were conical with lonqitudinal ridges. They commonly had remnants of ruptured wall material on their tips. Harrison, J. A,, see Jaworski, A. J.

Haskins, E. F., see McGuinness, M. D. T. M. HAMMILL, S. W. BEATTIE, R. A. GRASSUCCI, D. A. USSMAN, and C. T. WARE. SUNY-Oswego Laboratory for Ultrastructural Studies. SUNY Colleae of Arts and Sci- E. F. HASKINS and M. D. McGUINNESS. Department of ence, Oswego, NY 13126. - ~ransmissionelectron micro- Botany, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195. scopy of zygosporogenesis in Mucor mucedo. I. Early Light and electron microscopical studies on Semimorula stages. liquescens.

Mated cultures of M. mucedo were grown as described Semimorula 1iquescens is a protoplasmodial slime mold above. Fixation fTr msaccording to procedures which produces sessile fruiting bodies. We have published elsewhere by the senior author. Gametangi- recently discovered the occurrence of synaptonemal a1 septa, which divided programetangia into gametangia complexes during sporulation in this species. The and suspensors, contained numerous plasmodesmata con- possible taxonomic affinity of this organism with the necting suspensors and gametangia. Gametangial septa Myxomycetes and Protostelia will be discussed. developed an electron-opaque layer on the suspensor side. They also showed a variety of swellings. At the margins of gametangial septa, conspicuously thick- Heath, M. C., see Meyer, S. L. F. 2 7 W. M. HESS. Department of Botany and Range mainland of China, but the pathogen was identified Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT as p. drechsleri, p. melonis or p. sinensis sp. nov. 84602. 9 comparative study of these isolates with the type or authentic cultures of p. drechsleri, g. melonis Invaginations in plasmalemmas of grass smut and p. sinensis was conducted and they were found teliospores (Ustilaqo bullata) viewed by to be similar in cultural, morphological and patho- stereo projection. logical characteristics. The original description of p. melonis was inaccurate and misleading, be- Invaginations in plasmalemmas of U, bullata cause upon re-examination, the type culture produced teliospores were studied by freeze-fracture distinctly non-papillate and internally proliferat- procedures. More variation was evident in PF ing sporangia in water and chlamydospores could not and EF surfaces when spores were wet for 13 be found. Since P. sinensis was erected solely hr than when spores were only wet for 6 min based on comparison with Katsura's erroneous de- before freezing for f reeze-fracture. Plasma scription, the new epithet is not warranted. When membranes of germinated spores which were not studied under similar cultural conditions, neither fixed prior to freezing had fewer disruptions --P. melonis nor p. sinensis was specifically distinct than plasma membranes of spores which were from p. ,drechsleri. Thus, to avoid further nomen- germinated and fixed. If spores were clatural confusion, both p. melonis and p. sinensis germinated then desiccated before freezing should be treated as synonyms of p. drechsleri which for freeze-fracture, membrane disruptions has priority. were less severe than when spores were germinated then fixed before freeze- fracturing. The only treatment which made it Hocking, A. D., see Pitt, J. I., et. al. possible to get consistent images of both PF and EF plasma membrane surfaces was Horgen, P. A., see Hintz, W. E., et. al. desiccation followed by wetting spores only 6 min before freezing for freeze-fracturing. Horgen, P. A., see Horton, J. S.

Horgen, P. A., see rleyer, R. J., et. al. Hinton, D. M., see Racon, C. W. P.A. HORGEN. Mushroom Research Group, Univ. of WILLIAM E. HINTZ, JAMES B. ANDERSON, PAUL A. HORGEN Toronto, Erindale Campus, Mississauga, Ont. L5L 1C6 Dept. Botany, Univ. Toronto, Erindale Campus, Biotechnological Approaches to Mushroom Strain Mississauga, Ont. L5L 1C6. Mitochondria1 Improvement, Are They Possible? inheritance in Agaricus bitorquis. Three unique plasmid-like DNA components were isol- We have used polymorphisms in mitochondrial (mt) DNA ated from a strain of Agaricus bitorquis. The DNA restriction patterns as phy:ical markers to examine moieties were linear, possessing regions of terminal organelle inheritance in crosses between sexually inverted repeated sequences. Plasmid-like DNAs have compatible strains of Agaricus bitorquis. When two been observed in a number of wild Agaricus isolates; sexually compatible monkaryotic strains are paired, no plasmid-like DNAs have been found in cultivated a fluffy zone of mycelium appears at the confluence strains of A. bisporus. No homology was detected bet- of the two cultures. The cells in the fluffy zone ween the plasmids and the nuclear or mitochondrial are predominately dikaryotic. Usually the zone of genomes of either wild or cultivated Agaricus. The dikaryotic hyphae remains at the line where the three plasmids are distinctly different and appear to cultures meet; nuclear migration generally does not independently replicate. Restriction fragments of occur in Agaricus. However, a variant strain (Ag the mushroom plasmids have been cloned. Inorgennello 8-11 donates nuclei that migrate in the mycelium of transcription and translation of Agaricus mitochon- some compatible mates following hyphal anastomosis. dria will determine if the plasmid DNA sequences In a series of crosses between Ag 8-1 and compatible carry any expressed genetic information. Transforma- mates the mitochondrial types of the compatible tion strategies using antibiotic resistance genes and mates predominated in the dikaryon formed after mushroom plasmid origins of replication will be dis- nuclear migration from Ag 8-1 had occurred. A cussed. Heterologous hybridization approaches have dikaryon (Ag 471, resulting from crossing the been used to isolate specific gene sequences for both variant Ag 8-1 with a recipient strain Ag 34-2, nuclear and mitochondr ial genes for Agaricus. These carries the same mtDNA and mitochondrial plasmids as sequences will provide a preliminary gene bank for strain Ag 34-2 as determined by mtDNA restriction Agaricus. Mitochondria1 DNA studies indicate that analysis, however the copy number of the three Ag considerable restriction pattern heterogeneity exists 34-2 mitochondrial plasmids is greatly increased in in the wild Agaricus while none exists in the culti- the dikaryon (Ag 47). This suggests that in strains vated Agaricus. The genome size of A. bitorquis is isogenic for mtDNAs plasmid copy number is twice that of A. bisporus. Preliminary evidence sug- influenced either by the nuclear genotype or by the gests that mitochondrial genome type and mushroom nuclear status (monokaryotic vs dikaryotic) of the plasmid copy number may be under nuclear control. strain. The feasibility of using recombinant DNA approaches to genetically alter the commercial mushroom will be H. H. HO. Department of Biology, State University discussed. of New York, NY 12561. The validity of Phytoph- --thora melonis and P. sinensis. J.S. HORTON and P.A. HORGEN. Department of Botany, Erindale Campus, Univ. of Toronto, Mississauga, Ont. Phytophthora melonis was erected by Katsura (1968) L5L 1C6. The steroidal regulation of gene products as the causal agent of foot rot of cucumber in in Achlya. Japan. It was characterized by semi-papillate, non-proliferating sporangia and chlamydospores. The addition of antheridiol to undifferentiated cul- Since then, a similar disease known as dieback, tures of Achlya elicits several changes in macro- root rot, crown rot or blight was reported on molecular syntheses during the ontogeny of antheri- various cucurbits in Egypt, Iran, Taiwan and the diol branch initials. There is an enhancement of 28 RNA and protein synthesis suggesting both gene dcdaei s homthallic species, have been compared .L-. activation and gene product accumulation. Both with those of isolates of t!!e wild type and of M. ribosomal and poly (A+) mRNA are stimulated by --terricola. Morpholcqically, the mutant is distin- antheridiol. The pheromone affects the acetylation wished from the wild type and from 3. terricola by of histones prior to mRNA synthesis and branch its round or peanut px?-sha@ ascos-mres t!!at m~y initiation. In vitro measurements indicate that vary in n3unber from 8 to 16 psr ascus. Profiles were antheridiol and a cytosol component (receptor). separated on vertical polyacrylamide gel electro- dramatically stimulate transcription. We have also phoresis. Clear differences have heen found between measured the levels of RNA polymerase I1 during male protein profiles of the wild type, the mutant iso- development utilizing immunological techniques. lates, and N. terricola. Twenty-tm protein bands Changes of protein populations during female appear to distinguish the wild type of the species. development have been examined. Most recently, an Isolates of the mutant have yielded patterns with antheridiol-induced basic polypeptide of 64,000 up to 30 separate banes. Sixteen bands have been daltons (ABP) has been identified. The qualitative comn to all isolates studied. In the protein synthesis of ABP commenced 30-60 minutes after profiles of the different isolates bands were antheridiol addition and continued for 6 hours. ABP present that were unique to each strain. Distinct synthesis in male E87 was detected throughout sexual differences hav? also ken noted in esterase morphogenesis in matings with the female 734. Two patterns of the strains studied. other species of Achlya also synthesized ABP in response to antheridiol. Synthesis of the inducible polypeptide was not associated with a general F.-S. HU and J. CLARK School of Biological Sciences, branching response. Studies using actinomycin D University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506. suggested a transcriptional control of ABP. We are Mitochondria of senescing Physarum polycephalum presently constructing a cDNA library and will be plasmodia. screening this library for ABP sequences using differential colony hybridization. Plasmodia of the myxomycete Physarum polycephalum undergo senescence after a period of growth as macro- plasmodia on agar medium, but appear to be immortal 2. R. HOSFORD. Dept. of Biolopical Sciences, Central when grown as microplasmodia in shake culture. These Llashington University, El lensburn, \.!A SG926. and other culture studies were the basis for a Mutinus xylogenus: a rare phalloid found in the hypothesis that senescence is due to the infectious Amazon Basin. degeneration of an organelle (mitochondrion) similar to that reported in Podospora anserina mycelia. A rare phalloid collected in the Amazon Basin, is Therefore, the mitochondria of young, senesci ng and identified as Mutinus xylogenus. This, the third immortal plasmodia have been examined for differences known report of the species since 1855, extends the in morphological structure and DNA content. For range to Brazil and confirms a very narrow equatorial senescing plasmodia there appears to be an increase distribution. The species is distinquished by its in the number and size of spherical osmophilic bodies 1) minute size (up to 5 mn tall), 2) epixylous habit, and 3) glebal mass covering the apex of the recep- that are present in the mitochondria, but to date no tacle. A1 though some workers have placed the species indication of mi tochondri a1 DNA changes have been found. in the monotypic genus Xylophallus, the author retains it in the genus Mutinus. F.-S. HU, S. STEINER and J. CLARK School of Biolog- R. J. HOWARD. E. I. duPont de Nemours & Co., Inc. ical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Agricultural Chemicals Department, Experimental Kentucky 40506. Station, Wilmington, DE 19898. Phospholipids of Physarum polycephalum and Didymium Freeze-substitution. iridis.

Freeze-substitution is a fixation and dehydration Axenic semi-defined shake cultures of Phjsarum poly- technique for the preparation of specimens for mi- cephalum plasmodia and heat-killed bacteria supple- croscopy. Fixation is initially accomplished by mented corn-meal agar cultures of Didymium iridis rapid freezing. Frozen samples are dehydrated, plasmodia and myxamoeba were labeled with radioactive chemically fixed with OsO at low temperatures, phosphate and the phospholipids extracted with a embedded and thin-secti odd. The technique offers chloroform-methanol system. The individual phospho- the enormous advantages of cryofixation in samples lipids were then isolated by 2-dimensional chromato- that are examined in section: better preservation of graphy on partially EDTA-impregnated silicic acid cellular structure (cf. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 66:224, paper, located by autoradiography and quantitated by J. Cell Sci. 48:89, Protoplasma 103:281, Exp. Mycol. scintillation spectroscopy. The phospholipid compo- 5: 167) and new opportunities for imnunocytochemistry. sition of Didymium iridi s plasmodia is 38% phospha- Freeze-substitution is ideally suited for the prep- tidylethanolamine, 35% phosphatidylchol ine, 12% aration of cells grown in monolayers or suspension phosphatidyli nosi to1 , 5$ phosphatidylserine, 4% but also can be used for the study of some tissues. ~hos~hatidvlalvcerol- -- . 2.5% cardioli~id.0.5% ~hosoha- Each step in the freeze-substitution process will be tidic acid and 4% unidentified lipids. -~hephospho- considered so that the interested investigator is lipids of Didymium iridis myxamoeba and ~hysarum prepared for the afternoon demonstration. polycephalum plasmodia are,similar. A fraction of the unidentified lipids are a1 kaline-stable s~hinaoli~ids. some of which were sugar-contai ning and had t6e chro-- YP:IGAXT i-IQ-PNOR, W. a. CX)RDON, and L. FEDERICK. matographi c properties of sphi ngoglycol i pids. The Howard University, Washington, DC 20059 Protein and a1 kal ine-stable lipid composition of the P. polycep- esterase patterns of isolates of a natural mutant of &plasmodium and Q. iridis myxamoeba were similar Pleuro~radodqei a wi ld twstrain, and te~~i-- in that they each contained four chromatographically .. - -- -- .- -- - - , FJ. c9&- similar sphingolipids, while the D. iridis plasmodium, on the other hand, displayed only a single major Protein 3nd esterasn p.tterns of mycelial extdacts of alkaline-stable lipid. four isolates of a spontaneous mutant of Neurospora 29 somes. Studies using the wheat germ in vitro protein Hubbes, Y., see Spielman, L. J. synthesizing system and aurintricarboxylic acid (an inhibitor of protein synthesis initiation) confirmed R. A. HUMBER. USDA Insect Pathology Research Unit, that both GPmRNA and LSmRNA have completed the Boyce Thompson Institute, Tower Rd., Ithaca, NY 14853. initiation steps of protein synthesis and are blocked PhpZogenetic position of the EntomophthoraZes within from translstion at some stage of elongation. the Zggomycetes. During the first sixty minutes of sporulation, polyribosomes disaggregate into 80s monoribosomes. Several diverse lines of evidence indicate that the During later stages of sporulation these ribosomes Entomophthorales occupy a primitive position anmg re-assemble into polyribosomes. At Tt8 (60 minutes all zygomycete orders. Asexual propagules in the into sporulation) GPmRNA is found on S ribosomes. EntomophthoraLes arise as conidia and cannot be A portion of the GPmRNA re-assembles into polyribo- regarded as sporangioles; further,,theseconidia somes by T180, but from T until zoospore release, develop so rapidly after discharge that they often polyribosomes containing E@%NA disassemble. During behave more like thallic propagules than differenti- this transition. LSmRNA is synthesized and is found ated spores. It appears that the common mucoroid exclusively on zoospore polyribosomes. sporangium did not evolve until after the Entomoph- Analysis of in vitro activity of zoospore thorales had diverged from the ancestral zygomycete monoribosomes and polyribosomes in the wheat germ line. Zygosporogenesis in the Entomophthorales is S150 system revealed that only zoospore pol.yribosomes strictly homothallic.and morphologically simple. The were active. Likewise, only RNA extracted from zoo- heterothallic mating systems of mucoroid fungi and spore polyribosomes was active in the wheat germ S30 hormonally mediated development, unusual behavioral system. The factor(s) responsible for the transla- patterns of approaching gametangia in many genera, tion inhibition of 80s monoribosomes has not been and decorations of the zygophores in genera such as identified. Supported by NSF Grant PCM 83.09775. Phycomyces indicate that these mucoroid fungi are more evolutionarily advanced than entomophthoralean fungi. Nuclei of mucoroid fungi and the Ancylist- D.T.JENKINS. Biolog! Dept., University of Alabama at aceae (the most primitive of the three entomophthor- Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294. The Genus Amanita alean families) are similar in size and appearance. in the Southeastern United States. However, the spindle polar structures of mucoroid fungi have been found to be intranuclear while those In the southeastern U.S. members of the genus Amanita of the Entomophthorales and all other fungi investi- compose one of the rest conspicuous and beautiful seg- gated so far are extranuclear. ments of the mycoflora. The very ornate fruit bodies of Amanita cokeri, the large size of Amanita daucipes or Amanita polypyrmis, the very bright colors of T. ITURRIAGA and C. BREWER. Jardin Botanico de Amanita caesarea or Amanita parcivolvata, the small, Caracas, Apartado. 2156, Caracas, Venezuela and delicate appearance of Amanita farinosa, these and Apartado 1998, Caracas 1010A, Venezuela. many other examples can be used to illustrate the uniqueness of this F.enus among the southern mushrooms. Cerro Neblina Expeditions. Due to the combination of environmental and geographic factors and the variety of forest types, the south- Cerro Neblina is a National Park, with an area of eastern U.S. is recc.gnized as one of the best locali- 1,360,000 hectares, located in the southernmost part ties in the world for collecting and studying members of Venezuela along its border with Brazil. It is of this genus. Coll.ecting seasons are usually long located at 0'40" north of the equator, and its alti- and rainfall more than adequate for their growth. tude is 3.014 meters above sea level. It is the Since it is suspected that most Amanitas are mycorrhi- highest elevation in the Guayana of Venezuela. zal, the great variety of forest types allows for the growth of many different taxa. From the mixed decid- Its interest relies in the fact that it is an unex- uous and pine forests of the Appalachian mountains to plored region, and it is one of the most isolated and the longleaf pine-turkey oak forests of the gulf least known of the mountains of the Guayana Highland. ccastal regions. meribers of this genus are an intri- The Highland area belongs to the Guayana shield, one cate part of the forests systems. The purpose of this of the oldest parts of South America. Flora and Fauna presentation is to provide a panorama of the genus are very poorly known. In Cerro Neblina altitudes Amanita in the sout!leastern U.S. Representative slides extend from 100 meters in the lowland rainforest to from some of the nearly 100 taxa recognized from this 3040 meters on the peaks, in a linear distance of 6 region will be shown. Unique morphological features km. It is considered as one of the most diverse will be highlighted taxonomic relationships will be tepuy-systems in the Guayana because of its biological clarified, and mycolrrhizal possibilities discussed. diversity. Expeditions have continued for one year, and up to now 120 scientists have participated. Zoological and botanical collections amounting to Johnson, J. L., see Vil galys, R., et. a1 . 20,000 specimens from 12 camps. Many new species, some new genera, one new family, and numerous Jones, J. P., see Tuttle, G. A. endemic species to that region have been found. HAROLD W. KELLER and JEAN D. SCHOKNECHT. Department of Biology, The University of Texas at Arlington, A. J. JAWORSKI and J. A. HARRISON, Botany Department Arlington, TX 76019 and Department of Life Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN 47809. Two regulatory classes of messenger RNA in Blastocladiella emersonii zoospores. A new species of Didymium (Myxomycetes) isolated from bovine dung. Previous work had shown that B. emersonii zoo- spores contained messenger RNA that was synthesized Moist chamber cultures of bovine dung collected from during the growth phase (GPrnRNA) and late sporulation the Pawnee National Grassland in Colorado have yielded (LSmRNA). GPmRNA in the zoospore is bound to 80s abundant sporangia of a new species of Didymium. monoribosomes while the LSmRNA is bound to polyribo- Spore to spore cultivation was completed on sterilized bovine dung and on agar under controlled laboratory Current knowledge regarding the nuclear conditions. The phaneroplasmodium is milky white. and/or genetic composition of spores borne This taxon typically forms white, subglobose sporangia upon three- and two-spored basidia will be 0.2 to 0.4 mrn in diameter. occasionally producing presented. straight or branched plasmodiocarps up to 1.5 mm in length. It belongs to the group of Didymia with crystalline, white, eggshell-like peridia. Some of J.L.Kerwin,Christopher A.Simmons and R.K.Washino. the larger fructifications contain crystalline bodies Dept. of Entomology, University of California, Davis, attached to capillitial threads. A columella is CA 95616. Regulation of oosporogenesis by Lagenidium absent, and the fruiting bodies contain abundant, giganteum. typical didymiaceous capillitium. The spores are echinulate, 9-10 pm in diameter, and subglobose, Induction and maturation of Lagenidium giganteum oo- encircled by an equatorial ridge that serves as the spores are complex developmental processes influenced site for spore wall dehiscence at germination. The by exogenous lipid media supplements and a variety of spores are reminiscent to those of Didymium saturnus calcium-dependent events. Sterols, which are necessary Keller. The sporangia of this new taxon resemble for induction of oosporogenesis, enhance uptake of Didymium nullifilum (Kow.) Farr, but differ in the fatty acids from growth media. Unsaturated 16- and abundant capillitium and spores with an equatorial 18-carbon fatty acids increase oospore induction and ridge. maturation. Enrichment of the fatty acyl compounds of the fungus with unsaturated moieties appears to affect cyclic nucleotide metabolism and promotes cellular and R. W. Kerrigan. Department of Biological vesicular fusion events by regulating membrane fluid- Sciences, University of California, Santa ity. Using a variety of inhibitory compounds, the Barbara, CA 93106. Systematics and calcium-binding protein calmodulin and calcium-specif- potential utilization of the genus Agaricus. ic channels have been implicated in L. giganteum oo- sporogenesis. Hypotheses concerning the role of cal- Phenotypic plasticity, apparent polymorphism, cium in regulating cellular and vesicular fusion are and a lack of distinctive microfea tures comp- presented. licate the systematics of Agaricus at the species level. It is less difficult, how- ever, to recognize infrageneric species ST. W. KIMBROUGH. Department of Botany, university groupings. Biochemical features have become of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611. The twilight increasingly important in delimiting sections years of W. A. Murrill in Florida. of Agaricus. The occurrence and properties of mushroom phenoloxidases are particularly After resigning as Director-in-Chief of the New useful in this regard. One section, Horten- York Botanical Garden in August, 1924, W. A. Murrill, -ses, comprises the widely cultivated species after a few years of wandering, settled in Florida -A. bisporus and its allies. The relation- where he spent approximately 30 years around the ships in this group appear to be quite close; University of Florida in Gainesville. As noted by analysis on the basis of morphology alone is Prof. George F. We3er (Mycologia 53: 543-557), Dr. difficult. Complementary biochemical and/or Murrill left the Garden as a very troubled man. molecular approaches would seem well suited Health problems continued to plague him and were to the resolution of such problems. perhaps responsible for his remaining in Gainesville.

The phylogeny of A. bisporus, and the Through the concern and attention of Professors relationship of wild to cultivated strains, George Weber and Erdman West, Curator of the Herbar- is at present unclear. There are indications ium, Dr. Murrill was able to regain his strength that wild strains may have greater disease and composure. In was during his first summer months resistance than do cultivated strains. There in Gainesville that Dr. Murrill became enthused by may exist in nature a large and untapped pool the large number of mushrooms that weremew to him. of genetic variation useful in crop improve- His previous trips to Florida had evidently been ment. Study of the tetrasporic ancestral for short visits during the winter months. complex may indicate how traits such as spore number are controlled, perhaps leading to During my first years in Gainesville, Prof. WeLer cultivated heterothallic strains. Species and I were fortunate to have opportunities to visit with different initiation requirements could with Dr. Fred Seaver in Winter Park, Florida. It help to reveal how initiation proceeds. was during these visits that I learned many interest- ing things about Murrill and his activities. It is these and other undocumented events that I would R. W. Kerrigan and I. K. Ross. Department of like to present to you today. Biological Sciences, University of Californ- ia, Santa Barbara, CA 93106. Further investigations of spore number in Agaricus. Kimbrough, J. W., see Benny, G. L., et. al.

Recent experiments and observations lend Kimbrough, J. W., see Gibson, J. L. further support to the concept of basidio- spore number as a dynamic phenomenon. Kinney, A. J., see Rlackwell, Y., et. al. Earlier hypotheses regarding the influence of sporocarp age and harves t-related stress on spore number may have been incorrect. Low ---M. A. KLICH. U. S. D. A. Southern Regional temperature, on the other hand, has repeated- Research Center, P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, ly been found to cause a pronounced reduction LA 70179. Prediction of the susceptibility of in average spore number. There are indica- cotton plants to invasion by Aspergillus tions of additional factors possibly in- f lavus. fluencing the extent to which three- and two- spored basidia may occur in the hymenium of Cotton grown in the low desert areas of the USA predominately tetrasporic species. is susceptible to invasion by-. Aspergillus flavus 3 1 Link. The 'fungus produces ailatoxin, a potent of increasing average species richness along the carcinogen, in the cotton seed. In order to assess Atlantic Coast dunes with decreasing latitude. Impor- the feasibility of certain control measures, tance values (IV) were calculated for VAMF species by field studies on the ecology of the fungus were sumning their relative frequency, relative density, undertaken. Results have shown that the fungus and relative dominance. The latter parameter is may enter the plant through a variety of natural derived from the product of spore density and spore openings and move up into the seeds of developing volume. The maximum possible value for IV is 300. bolls. Receptivity of the plant to invasion via On the basis of their IV. the dominant species of VAM these natural openings does not remain constant fungi at the site were ~lomustortuosum (1~=90.0), through the growing season. A. flavus inoculated onto the involucral nectaries of flowers caused significant increases in contamination levels in seeds from early season flowers, but not from late season flowers. We found that bolls from early season flowers remained susceptible to mold invasion through the involucral nectaries for 25-30 days Acaulospora scrobiculata. after anthesis. Susceptibility of early season flowers is strongly influenced by drought stress. Plants with noon water potential readings between ~ani'er,J. L., see Yates, I. E., et. al. 1.6 and 1.9 MPa were most susceptible to invasion by A. flavus. A preliminary predictive model for Lewis, 0. P., see Cibula, W. G., et. al. fungal invasion of cotton plants, based on tine of flowering and water potential, has been developed. A.E. LIBERTA and R.C. ANDERSON. Department of Biolog- ical Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL L.M. KOHN. Dept. of Botany, University of Toronto, 61761. Comparison of VM1 species composition, spore Erindale College, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, abundance, and inoculwn potential in an Illinois Canada. Microconidial anamorphs: A new source of prairie and selected agricultural sites. characters in the Helotiales? Three VAbf parameters were compared for five sites at Microconidia produced from phialides are Weston Cemetery Prairie (Nos. 1-S), for adjacent in- characteristic of the Sclerotiniaceae and are organically fertilized corn and oat fields (site Nos. produced by at least one species of the 6 & 7), and for an organically fertilized corn field Dermateaceae. Both in the field and under standard (site No. 8) located in a nearby Illinois county. laboratory conditions, microconidia fail to germinate Sites 1-6 were sampled in July, 1982 & 1984, while vegetatively; in a few cases, they have been sites 7 & 8 were sampled in July, 1984. Spore anal- demonstrated to function as spermatia. Under the ysis showed Gtomub ~adc~~to be the most abun- assumption that they show little morphological or dant taxon at all sample sites in both 1982 & 1984, ontogenetic diversity, previous workers have left a and G. geodpohwn to be present at all sample sites ex- legacy of poor descriptions and illustrations and cept No. 8. Other species represented at two or more have failed to exploit these morphs as a source of of the five prairie sites were G. culedoniwn, G. mod- characters. On the basis of preliminary review, some deae, Gigig~poha~odpo~, and G. m#cgcvr&. Sites microconidial anamorphs, eg., those associates with 6 & 7 also contained spores of G. mahgahita. Oneway the genus Botryotinia Whetzel, show little variation, ANOVA of total spores per site showed no significant while others, eg., that associated with Ciborinia differences between sites in 1984, but significant camelliae Kohn, are distinctive for a single differences between sites 1,2,4, & 6 in 1982. How- teleomorphic species. The possibility that ever, for the 1984 data, oneway ANOVA'S of spore microconidial characters have been highly conserved counts for each species by site revealed significant in some teleomorphic genera yet have diversified in (P < 0.05) differences between sites for G. ~u.~c~cu- others may offer insight into inter- and .k&m and G. mahgahita. Sites 6,7, & 8 had signifi- infra-generic relationships in the Sclerotiniaceae, cantly lower spore counts for G. 6~cicd.eatumthan as well as into familial relationships in the the prairie sites, and sites 6 & 7 had significantly Helotiales. Microconidial anamorphs may be analysed higher counts for G. mc~gatLitathan the other sites. on the following criteria: location of anamorph Spores of G. mchocahyxun and Sc~c~ocyd.tidninuoda within the host, presentation of phialides, phialidic were only isolated from site No. 8. Oneway ANOVA and microconidial morphology, microconidiogenesis, showed that VAbf colonization was significantly lower and presence and color of mucilage. Existing for bioassay plants grown in soil from sites 7 & 8 accommodation of some microconidial anamorphs in than for those grown in soil from other sites. form-genera such as Myrioconium Sydow should be further refined to codify descriptions. Lingle, W. L., see Barstow, W. E., et. al. Koons, K., see Wach, M. P., et. al. W.L. LINGLE* D.J. O'KANE~, D. PORTER*, and Koske, R. E., see Gemma, J. N. J.E. WAMPLER~. "Department of Botany and t~e~artmentof Biochemistry, University of R. E. KOSKE. Department of Botany, Univ. of Rhode Georgia, Athens, GA 30602. Localization of Island, Kingston, RI 02881. The VA mycorrhizal light emitting tissue in the bioluminescent fungal community of Seashore State Park, Virginia. mushroom, PaneZZus stipticus.

Seventeen species of VAM fungi were isolated from the Fruiting bodies of PaneZZus stipticus (Bull. sand dunes at Seashore State Park, Virginia Beach, : Fr.)Kar. emit light steadily for extended Virginia. Average species richness (no. VAMF species1 periods with peak emission at 535 nm. The root zone) was 5.0 for plants of Ammo hila brevil i u bioluminescence capacity develops with the. lata (range 2-8) and 8.5 for Unio+!--(-- a aniculata range fruiting body. Very young caps (plus stipe) m).The average species richnessPfor this site have negligible bioluminescence (5x10' h~/s), (all host species) was 6.11, extending the observation while fresh, mature caps emit 2-3x10~ ~v/s. 32 Long photographic exposures (2-4h) suggested microscopy. 3ulbils, in the broad concept that the major portion of light was emitted of Vittsl (1984) may be undifferentiated, from the gill edges and in some cases from irregularly rounded bodies that serve as the hymenopodium. This was confirmed by low vegetative propagules. ZulSils are form2d light-level video microscopy. The portion in I. corallinum -.hen tv40 or more hyphae of the luminescent hyphae coincides with the meet, exude a suastance through pores, location of the cheilocystidia. In senesc- zdhere and entvrine. The cells shorten and ing fruiting bodies 30-60% of the tbtal light --iden to form the Irregular mass. ll:iost emission could be detected from the pileus literature .:escriptions of n~ulbilsconcern after the removal of the gills, in agreement oasidiomycetous members of ?apulaspora with the observations of Buller (1924). In Preuss. This study documents buloil ' fresh, mature basidiocarps, however, light formation in another presumed ascomycete. emission from the pileus, after removal of Taxonomic implications lklill be considered. the gills was less than 10% of that of the gills. The cheilocystidia. which are cytol- ogically distinct from the basidia, contain D.E. LUSK-NEWMAN. Herbarium, Dept. of Botany, Oregon numerous lipid-like granules and. more mito- State Univ., Corvallis Oregon, 97331. chondria than are found in other hymenial A new operculate discomycete genus from Western North cells. Supported by NSF grants PCM82-08534, America. BRS82-14960 and NIH grant GM-20829. Pseudoaleuria ined., is a monotypic genus in the Pyro- nemataceae of the Pezizales. Externally P. quinaulti- D. J. LODGE. Center for Energy and Environment -ana ined., is similar to Aleuria aurantia (Oed. ex Fr.) Research, G.P.O. Box 3682 San Juan, PR 00936. Fuck., but its spores are smooth and eguttulate. The Colonization of eastern cottonwood roots by endo- and asci are not suboperculate and the spores are uninucle- ectomycorrhizal fungi on a dredge spoil island. ate yet the operculum is eccentric, reminescent of the tropical genera Cookeina and Phillipsia. Colonization of Populus deltoides roots by VA- endo- and ectomycorrhizal fungi was studied on Eagle Island in Wilmington, North Carolina. Viable Luttrell, E. S., see Roberson, R. W. mycorrhizal inoculum was initially absent from the dredge spoils. The frequency of non-mycorrhizal trees R. W. Martin. Jr. and W. W. Martin. Department of was significantly lower than it would have been if P, Botany, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 and deltoides had only been able to form one type of Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, VA 23005. A mycorrhizal association. The increased probability zoosporic endoparasite from freshwater snail eggs. of infection associated with the ability to form both endo- and ectomycorrhizae could have favored the Prel iminary studies on an endob ioti c, holocarpic, evolution of endo-/ectomycorrhrzal species among zoosporic, endoparasite of freshwater snai l (Physa plants which are primary colonizers, assuming that sc.) eggs are described with l ight and electron both groups of fungi facilitate plant establishment. microscopy. Bi f l age1 late zoospores penetrate the The percentage of root length infected by ectomy- corina of the host egg and enter the albumen where corrhizal fungi decreased with distance from the old they are initial ly ameboid but soon become spherical. forest on one end of the island (the nearest source Spherical thalli increase in size and accumulate of inoculum), and increased with tree diameter class. material from the albumen into a central droplet. These two variables accounted for 62% of the varia- The parasite cytoplasm remaini at the periphery of tion in ectomycorrhizal root length. Endomycorrhlzae the enlarging central droplet and a transparent wal 1 were absent from cottonwoods which were not asso- surrounds the thal lus. A portion of the parasite ciated with other potential hosts of endomycorrhzzal thal li undergo mitotic divisions which terminates in fungi, which suggests that root-to-root contacts may the product ion of zoospores by cytoplasmic cleavage. be important in local spread. The percentage of fine The remaining parasite thalli possess a single large root length infected by endomycorrhizal fungi was nucleus and have been observed in a probable resting negatively correlated with distance from the nearest state for a period of months. Possible taxonomic road, which suggests that traffic might have affinities are also presented. dispersed soil containing endomycorrhlzal inoculum along roads. The patterns observed for infection by endo- and ectomycorrhizal fungi were consistent with Martin, W. W., see Martin, Jr., R. W. soil-borne and air-borne dispersal, respectively. May, G., see Taylor, J. W.. et. al. A03 *LIilichens, was observed. cytoplasmic genetic mosaic is formed. Both nuclear iJle thods used for examination of specimens and cytoplasmic components may differ in the original included freezing microtome sections, slide and derived dikaryons formed in dikaryonlmonokaryon cultures, and phase contrast, matings. interference, and scanning electron Results supporting a hypothesis that genetically dif- 33 ferent dikaryons are maintained as individuals are as antheridiol and deoxyantheridiol in female strains follows: of Achlya and of oogoniols in male strains as well, 1. I find that dikaryons differing in one or both par- of course, as hermaphroditic strains. At least ent monokaryons exhibit antagonisms with each other. eight oogoniols have been identified in culture I obtained these results using 4 parent monokaryons to liquids of Achlya heterosexualis. The steroids construct all combinations of dikaryons. designated oogoniol -1, -2 and -3 are isobutyrate, 2. The cytoplasmic (mitochondrial) backround of the di- propionate and acetate esters of the C3 hydroxyl karyons may mediate these interactions; in fact, a of oogoniol. Each compound was originally thought difference in mitochondrial types alone may be enough to be pure but was later found to be a mixture with to cause incompatibility. the dehydro analogue. 3. Once formed, dikaryons produced by dikaryoojmono- Thus dehydrooogoniol is the 7-0x0-lla, 158, 29- karyon matings exhibit antagonism toward the parent dikaryon. trihydroxy derivative of fucosterol and retains the carbon skeleton of fucosterol. Biosynthetic evidence From these studies, I conclude that continuity of mat- indicates that it is the precursor of oogoniol which ing colonies, in either sexual process is short-lived. ,in investigation of the cytological bases of these in- is the C24(28) dihydro derivative. The former teractions is currently underway. compound is about 100 times more active, biologically, than oogoniol and it may be the true female- activating hormone or pheromone in Achlya. The Mayfield, J. E., see Taylor, R., et. al. significance of esterification of the C3 hydroxyl leading to less polar steroids oogoniol-1 etc., McGuinness, M. D., see Haskins, E. F. is unclear since biological activity is not affected.

M.D. MCGUINNESS and E.F. HASKINS. Department of R.J. MEYER, M. MOHAN, J.B. ANDERSON, and P.A. HORGEN Botany, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195. Dept. Botany, Univ. Toronto, Erindale Campus, Fultiple alleles at the mating type locus in Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6. Analysis of plasmids Echinostelium coelocephalum. in Agaricus. Two plasmid-like DNA components are observed when Four isolates of Echinostelium coeloce halum have total DNA from a strain of Agaricus bitorquis is been aeneticall v anal vzed for tF--- e presence of hetero- subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis. One is 4 thall ism. cros;ing experiments involving the parental kb in size; the other is 7.5 kb. The 7.5 kb compon- generation of each isolate have demonstrated they are ent consists of two distinct plasmids; complete res- all heterothallic. The nature of the mating system trictions generate fragments that add up to 15 kb in each isolate is a one locus bi-allelic system (Mohan et al. 1984. Current Genetics 8:615). Our similar to that of the other myxomycetes thus far goal is to clone each of the Agaricus plasmids in a genetically analyzed. When tester clones of different bacterial plasmid vector for use in further mating types from each isolate were crossed in all studies. To date we have cloned several EcoRl res- possible pairwise combinations, protoplasmodia were triction fragments of pEMl into pUC18 and used the produced by every cross. These data establish that recombinant plasmids as probes against mitochondrial each isolate possesses a unique pair of mating alleles. and plasmid DNA preparations from various strains of The presence of multiple mating alleles in these -A. bitorquis and A. brunnescens.The data collected isolates of E. coelocephelum represents the first supports the earlier interpretation of Mohan et al. multiple allelic mating system in the myxomycetes . ~estrictionmaps of pEMl and pEM2 have outside the Physarales. been constructed by analysis of partial restric- tions. In spite of their different restriction McLaughlin, D. J., see O'Donnell, K. L. sites, pEMl and pEM2 have some homology, at least under the stringency used thus far. No homology has been observed between one of the cloned fragments D. J. MCLAUGHLIN and K. L. OIDONNELL. Dept. of and mitochondrial DNA, which suggests that the plas- Botany, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108. mids are not simply fragments of the mitochondrial Nuclear division in the Heterobasidiomycetes: problems genome. No homology has been detected between one and pros'wcts. of the cloned fragments and other plasmids in dif- ferent strainsof fi. bitorquis. Studies with other Nuclear division has been inv'kstigated ultrastructurally in cloned fragments of pEkl and pEM2 will also be relatively few Heterobasidiomycetes. Many orders remain reported. unstudied, and a representative sampling of the genera in those orders which have been studied is still lacking. In the organisms examined a variety of spindle pole body ----S. L. F. MEYER and M. C. HEATH. Botany Dept., forms and nuclear division features have been revealed Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1Al. which may clarify the systematics and provide guidance Comparison of chemically-induced and fungal-induced in interpreting evolution. The following topics will be cell death in epidermal cells of cowpea. discussed: 1, technical problems and advances in methodology; 2, utility of the data, i.e., its limitations The objectives of this study were 1) to determine and its predictive value; and , 3, groups or species where if stages occur during plant cell death that can be studies are needed or may be especially informative. While identified by light microscopy, 2) to see whether nuclear division studies by themselves may not solve the fungal-induced cell death includes stages similar problem of evolution of the Heterobasidiomycetes, they to those that occur when cell death is caused by a hold promise as a part of the solution. nonliving agent, and 3) to correlate stages observed by light microscopy with ultrastructural features of the dying cells. The abiotic factor .C. McMorris, Chemistry of Oogoniols, Department of used to kill cells was copper chloride. The stages Chemistry, University of California, San Diego, in the death process that it initiated in cowpea La Jolla, California 92093. epidernal cells included slowing and cessation of Achlya contains many steroids including cytoplasmic streaming, morphological changes in the fucosterol, 24-methylene cholesterol and cholesterol. cytoplasm such as the appearance of "bubbles", and The major steroid fucosterol is the precursor of shrinkage of protoplasts. The morphological 34 features seen by light microscopy were reflected in to grow toward the inoculum plugs, contact the plugs the distinctive ultrastructural appearance of the and become ectomycorrhizal. The implications of cytoplasm. Studies are underway to compare this ectomycorrhizal formation, ectomycorrhizal morphology chemically-induced cell death with death induced in and anatomy, and host lateral root behavior in the the same cell type by Cochliobolus heterostrophus evolution of the Russulales will be discussed. Race 0, a non~athonenof cowDeas that ~enetrates

and kills epiderrnai cells. A C.W. MIMS ano N.L. NICKERSON. Department of Biology, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, Miller, Jr.. 0. K., see Flynn, T. M. TX 75962, and Research Station, Agriculture Canada, Kentville, Nova Scotia, B4N 155. Ultrastructure of Miller, 0. K., Jr., see Vilgalys, R. the host-pathogen relationship in red leaf disease of lowbush blueberry. Miller, 0. K., Jr., see Vilgalys, R., et. al. Red leaf disease of blueberry is caused by the bas- idiomycetous fungus Exobasidium vaccinii Wor. This STEVEN L. m. Department of Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, fungus produces a pemeliumthat invades the Symptoms VA 24061. Early basidiosporogenesis and spore release rhizomes of Vaccinium angustifolium Ait. mechanisms in the gasteroid and agaricoid Russulales. are seen on infected shoots soon after buds break in the spring and the reddish leaves for which the Ballistosporic discharge appears to be a conservative disease is named soon become apparent. In this phenomenon in most basidiomycetes, resulting from a study TEM was used to examine the host-pathogen prescribed sequence of biochemical and developmental relationship in infected leaves. processes. Ultrastructural characterization of sterigma formation, spore orientation and development, Exobasidium vaccinii produced a system of slender, and spore release mechanisms may provide valuable branched, septate hyphae within infected leaves. systematic information to aid the understanding of Although hyphae were routinely observed within cells evolution in the basidiomycetes. Morphologically and of the lower epidermis, elsewhere hyphae grew almost ecologically the Russulales are a homogeneous group. exclusively in an intercellular fashion. Hyphae ty- However, this order contains both ballistosporic and pically filled the intercel lular spaces near the statismosporic, agaricoid and gasteroid taxa. Spore lower epidermis but were rather sparse elsewhere symmetry and ability to forcibly discharge spores are in the leaf. The haustorial apparatus consisted of therefore fundamental systematic characteristics, yet short, finger-like or lobed structures that arose ballistosporic and statismosporic basidiosporogenesis from intercellular hyphae in close association with has not been critically examined. Early host cells. Each haustorium contained distinctive basidiosporogenesis, spore-wall tegumentation, and membranous inclusions and had one or more electron- differentiation of the hilar appendix were opaque haustorial caps. Haustoria usually appeared ultrastructurally compared in eight genera of agaricoid to be ensheathed by host cell wall material although and gasteroid Russulales. Six layers were present in some haustorial caps appeared to penetrate the host all developing spores, two of which were associated wall. with an evanescent pellicle and four were derived from the sterigma and young spore. Ontogeny of spore-wall Mohan, M., see Meyer, R. et. al. ornamentation was similar in all genera, however J., diversity in the degree of ornamentation resulted from differentiation of the four enduring wall layers. Molina, R., see Castellano, M. 4. Developmental anatomy associated with spore release mechanisms was also examined. Systematic implications GARETH MORGAN-JONES. Department of Botany, of basidiosporogenesis in the evolution of the PlantPmgyMicrobiology, Auburn Russulales and other secotioid and gasteroid University, ~iabama36849. ~oncerning basidiomycetes will be discussed. Dia orthe phaseolorum f.sp. caulivora, and -!+-sov ean stem canker in the southeastern ~n?tedStates. STEVEN L. MILLER. Department of Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Incidence of soybean stem canker has greatly Blacksburg, VA 24061. Ectomycorrhizae in the increased in the southeastern U.S. during Russulales-a systematic interpretation. the last five years and losses from the dis- The morphology and anatomy of ectomycorrhizae reflect ease are estimated at over 40 million dollars. many characteristics present in the fruiting Southeastern biotypes of g. haseol orum f.sp. caulivoia, which have the abi ity to kill the structures and vegetative mycelium of a particular * soybean plant well before harvest, differ fungal symbiont. In addition, ectomycorrhizae may possess characteristics which are not present in the from northern isolates in cultural character- fungus alone or are ignored in the taxonomy and istics in vitro, including colony appearance systematics of the fungus. Ectomycorrhizal and color, growth rate at different temperat- morphology has not been used to evaluate the ures, stroma size and perithecial and asco- systematic position of a particular taxon or group of spore morphology. Some differences in morph- ectomycorrhizal fungi. ology of the anamorphic Phomo sis state, particularly conidiophore77- ranching, are also Ectomycorrhizae of several genera of gasteroid and evident between southeastern and northern agaricoid Russulales were synthesized in the isolates. These facts, together with data laboratory using the growth-pouch technique. from host inoculation experiments, using Mycel ial plugs were used as the source of inoculum. several soybean cultivars, indicate that a Mantle morphology and anatomy were compared using separate, easily distinguishable, forma one micrometer thick cross and longitudinal plastic speciales exists in the s0utheast.r sections. Sulfo-aldehyde staining of the ectomycor- symptoms induced by this organism are demon- rhizal root1ets indicated the presence of sesquiter- strated and an account given of its morphol- penoid lactones. Lateral rootlets showed a tendency ogy Motta, J. J., see Cohen, S. D. F. OBERWINKLER, Lehrstuhl Spezielle Botanik, Universitat Tubingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 1 D-7400 Tubingen, West Germany. G. M. MUELLER', J. F. AMMIRATI, and L. SHIH, Dept. 3 Etany, Field Museum of Natural Hist., Chicago, Mycoparasitic Heterobasidiomycetes. IL 60605-2496 and Dept. of Botany, U. of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195. Intra- and Intercontinental The majority of mycoparasitic Basidiomycetes pairing studies in Laccaria (Agaricales). are represented by the Heterobasidiomycetes. They occur in the auriculariaceous genera The study of incompatibility groups within species Cystobasidium, Platygloea, and Mycogloea, of Laccaria from Sweden by Nils Fries and Greg the tremellaceous genera Tremella, Tetrago- ~uellerrevealed a close correlation between niomyces, Trimorphomyces, and Xenolachne, taxonomic species and biological species. It was and in the holobasidiate genera Carcino- unclear, however, if similar results could be myces, Christiansenia, and Syzygospora. The obtained when using isolates from a larger and more taxonomy of these taxa is discussed. Several diverse geographical area. Studies pairing Laccaria mycoparasitic species develop conspicuous isolates from Sweden with those from east= basidiocarps, but most species have tiny western U.S.A. have established that, at least in fructifications. Some parasites occur in- some cases, taxonomic species from both sides of the trahymenially, i.e. they develop basidia Atlantic are compatible on the basis of clamp and/or conidia within the hymenia of the connection formation when grown in the laboratory. host fungi. There are examples for which it Also, preliminary pairing studies using North is doubtful whether they represent parasites American isolates of L. laccata have not uncovered or saprobes. additional incompati6ilityoups beyond the two The ultrastructural differentiations of cell reported by these workers. This suggests that, interactions between parasites and hosts unlike certain other morphologically variable vary considerably, as is demonstrated in taxonomic species (e.g., Armillaria mellea) in which Platygloa peniophorae and Tremella mycopha- numerous incompatibility groups havedetected, is- -L. laccata probably consists of relatively few Mycoparasitism of Heterobasidiomycetes is incompati6il ity groups. These studies support using compared with that of Homobasidiomycetes and such a study regime in Laccaria. While such a with parasitism of basidiomycetes on plants. comprehensive pairing study is impractical in genera with large numbers of species, pairing studies may prove useful within species complexes. K. L. O'DONNELL and D. J. MCLAUGHLIN. Department of Botanv. University of Minnesota. St. Paul, MN 55108. lprevious address: Dept. of Botany, U. of Washington Nuclear bivision in the ~stila~inackaeand ~illetiaceae. Seattle. WA 98195 Taxonomic treatments of the Ustilaginaceae (smuts) and Tilletiaceae (bunts) are undoubtedly influenced by the J. T. MULLINS. Department of Botany, University of strong probability of convergence (i.e., encysted probasidia Florida. Gainesville, FL 32611. Carbohydrate or teliospores and passive basidiospore liberation) as well hydrolases and morphogenesis in Achlya. as their importance as plant pathogens (Wells 1982). This study was initiated to evaluate the phylogenetic Endocellulase (1,4-beta-D-Glucan-4-glucanohydrolase, relationship of these taxa within the Basidiomycota. EC 3.2.1.4) has been implicated in the regulation of Details of nuclear division appear to be evolutionarily growth and development of Achlya ambisexualis Raper, conservative; therefore, spindle pole body form and cycle, via modifications in the structural integrity of the and nuclear envelope and nucleolar behavior (Taylor 1983) cellulose component of the hyphal wall. The induction together with other mitotic characters (Heath 1980) offer and secretion of endocellulase into the culture medium the potential for evaluating the connection between the is required for hyphal tip growth (Canad. J. Bot. Tilletiales s. str. and Ustilaginales s. str. (Oberwinkler 57:2145, 1979) and for hormonally induced branching 1982) and other basidiomycetous taxa. Nuclear events in (Physiol. Plant. 22:347, 1969; Tissue & Cell 11:585, selected species were examined during basidial and 1979). Fungi capable of growing on cellulose exhibit basidiospore ontogeny and secondary spore andlor yeast- three associated enzyme activities: (1) the endo- like cell formation by light microscopy and electron cellulase; (2) 1,4-Beta-D-glucan cellobiohydrolase (EC microscopy. Electron microscopic analysis employed the 3.2.1.91); and (3) Beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21). The freeze-substitution technique (Howard and Aist 19791, cooperative action of these three enzymes is required where possible, to minimize fixation artifacts (Thielke for the complete hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose. In 1982) together with selection of individual cells from flat Achlya, where cellulase functions in morphogenesis, embedments for subsequent serial section analysis. only one of these activities (the endocellulase) is Preliminary results provide support for some phylogenetic expressed. Thus it is distinctively different from the hypothesis. enzymes found in those fungi which grow on cellulose. The beta-glucosidase when functoning in a cellulase complex, hydrolyzes cellobiose to glucose and is thus a O'Donnell, K. L., see McLaughlin, D. J. cellobiase. In Achlya the beta-glucosidase will not cleave cellobiose, but instead hydrolyzes a storage O'Kane, D. J., see Lingle, W. L., et. al. cytoplasmic glucan. It is also active against laminaribiose . Ovrebo, C. L., see Cibula, W. G. D. PEKKALL and J.C. SILVER. Department of Nickerson, N. L., see Mims, C. W. Microbiology, University of Toronto, West Hill, Ontario, Canada. M1C 1A4. Changes in ribosomal Noga, E. J., see Dykstra, M. J. protein phosphorylation during heat shock of the filamentous fungus Achlya ambisexualis.

Heat shock in the fungus Achlya ambisexualis resulted in a rapid reduction in the rate of total 36 protein synthesis followed by a slight increase surprising, for example the total absence of the I1dunt1 (to 30% of control levels) at the time that heat mould Wallemia sebi, traditionally regarded as the principal shock proteins were detected. When proteins from cause of spoilage of salt fish Equally unexpected was 500 mM KC1-dissociated ribosomes from 32~-labeled control (28'C) and heat-shocked (37.C) cells were that the dominant spoilage fungus was an undescribed spe- analysed by SDS gel electrophoresis and auto- cies, which we have named Polypaecilum w. Other sig- radiography, several major changes in the phos- nificant spoilage fungi included Eurotium spp, Aspergillus phorylation of ribosome-associated proteins were seen. penicilloides and Basipetospora halophila (= Scopulariopsis A basic 30 Kd small ribosomal subunit protein highly phosphorylated in controls exhibited markedly halophilica). The number and variety of Penicillia encoun- decreased 32~-labellingafter heat shock. This tered from a tropical environment was also surprising, and protein may be analogous to mammalian ribosomal these included several new species. Known mycotoxigenic protein S6. In those ribosomes which were stable fungi were isolated only in low numbers. Preliminary in 500 mM KC1, however, decreased labelling of the studies on factors influencing growth of these fungi, espe- 30 Kd protein during heat shock was not detected. cially water activity, temperature and NaCl concentration, This observation suggests that changes in ribosomal protein phosphorylation may be different in will also be discussed. ribosomes active in protein synthesis and in those which are inactive. Heat shock also induced a J. POMMERVILLE, K. HARDING, and B. STRICKLAND. marked increase in the 32~-labellingof a 32 Kd The Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Texas A&M protein and a marked decrease in the 32p-labslling Univers~ty,College Station, TX 77843. Slrenin analogs for of a 50 Kd protein. These proteins may be the study of receptor recognition during male gamete initiation or elongation factors and their chemotaxis in Allomyces. modification may be involved in the rapid changes observed in the rate of protein synthesis during Sirenin, the sexual pheromone of the aquatic fungus, heat shock. Allomyces macrogynus (Burma 3-35), is produced by female (Supported by NSERC, Canada) gametes and acts as an attractant for the male gametes. In order to better understand the nature of thls Pekkala, D., see Silver, J. C. communication system, we have synthesized and examined by chemotactic assay the structure of several sirenin Pendergrass, L, see Frederick, L., et. al. analogs several of which exhibit strong male attraction. The synthesis of a dl01 compound containing the blcyclic structure of sirenin but lacking a hydroxymethyl group on J. C. PENDLAND and D. G. BOUCIAS. Department the SIX-membered ring, exhibited activity comparable to of Entomology and Nematolo@y, University of Florida, natural slrenln. This led us to test structures lacking the Gainesville, FL 32611. b~cyclicstructure but possessing the diol relationship of Lectin-binding characteristics of several the above compound. Such diols were found to be qulte entomogenous hyphomycetes. active, demonstrating that the bicyclic structure is not necessary for chemotact~cactivity. From the results of The hyphomycetous insect pathogens, Nomuraea other compounds tested, ~t is evident that the structural rileyi, Paecilowces farinosus - ATCC 2b319, requirements of the receptor site can be met by molecules Meta~hiziumanisopliae and Beauveria bassiana were with structures varying considerably from the structure of tested with FITC labeled lectins. Concanavalin A, natural sirenin. The evidence suggests that the synthetic specific for glucose and mannose residues, bound to diols are active because the two hydroxyl groups can bind cell walls (hyphal body and/or mycelium) of all to the receptor site in the same manner as the two fungi examined. Soybean and wheat germ agglutinins hydroxyl groups in sirenin. Such preliminary studles will (affinities for 8-acetylgalactosamine and make it possible to determine in detail the spec~ficityof N-acetylglucosamine, respectively) bound the receptor sites, examine the mechanisms of pheromone inconsistently to some cell wall areas. Peanut inactivation by the male gametes, and investigate the agglutinin, specific for galactose residues, bound location, number, and nature of the receptor sltes. to walls of only 2. farinosus and B. bassiana. Knowledge of the composition of fungal surface residues may be important with respect to insect Pommerville, J., see Aliaga, 6. R. defense mechanisms against the invading cells. Lectins produced by insects (e-g. Anticarsia Pommerville, J., see Sewall, T. gemmatalis) are known to be specifically inhibited by galactose (or higher concentrations of glucose). Porter, D., see Lingle, W. L., et. al. Fungal cells (P. farinosus, E. bssiana)a which bear exposed galactose residues as detected by Poth, M. A., see Dunn, P. H., et. al. FITC peanut agglutinin appear to be especially efficient in removing hemagglutination activity Radford, P. T., see Blackwell, M., et. al. from Anticarsia hernolymph indicating absorption of this insect lectin to fungal surfaces. S.A. REDHEAD and J.H. GINNS. Biosystematics fiesearch Institute, Agricult~ireCanada, Ottawa, Ont., Canada, J. L PITT, K. A. WHEELER and A. D. HOCKING. CSIRO KIA OC6. Divn of Food Research, P.O. Box 52, North Ryde N.S.W. 2113, Australia Fungi from Indonesian dried fish Agaric geners causing brown rots.

Involvement in a project on fish drying in the tropics pro- Relatively Few species of agarics are capable of causing a brown rot of wood. Species in the genera vided the opportunity to survey the occurrence of spoilage Coprinus, Hygrophoropsis, Hypsizygus, Lentinus, and other fungi in salted and dried fish in Indonesia and Paxillus have been considered brown rotters. About 50 samples of a variety of fish types have been ex- The aSility to cause a brown rot is a generic amined. As was to be expected, Eurotium and Aspergillus feature in tile aphyllophorales in refined species were frequently encountered. Other results were taxonomic schemes correlating this physiological 37 character with morphological or anatomical branches arising from generative cells ir~ the stromal characters. A reevaluation of the list of brown- layer project into the cavity. The tips of these rot agaric qenera resu1.ted in the removal of sporogenous branches swell into pyriform teliospore Coprinus as suspect, and the exclusion of Lentinus initials. The primary wall of the spore is continuous sensu stricto and Paxillus sensu stricto. Two with the wall of the sporogenous hypha. As the proto- new genera, Neolentinus and Heliocybe, are proposed plasm of the sporogenous hyphae moves toward its tip for :,rown-rot species formerly treated in Lentinus, a series of empty cells is cut off by septa, and a and a third new genus, Ussicaulis, for one final septum delimits the binucleate spore initial. previously considered to be a Pleurotus. The The two nuclei Fuse and the initial expands enor- brown-rot genus Tapinella is resurrected as a mously into the globose spiny teliospore. This type link between the hrown-rot family Coni~phoraceae of development contrasts with the endogenous forma- and the mycorrhizal genus Paxillus, both in tion of teliospores in intercalary hyphal cells with the order Roletales. Recognition of the white-rot swollen gelatinous walls reported in Ustilaginaceae.. genus Lentinula for the Shiitake and allies is sl~pportedI))( decay studies. Six genera of agaricoid hyrnenomycetes in at least two orders R.G. ROBERTS. Field and Horticultural Crops Research now arc consider~d to be brown-rot taxa. Among Unit, USDA:ARS, R. B. Russell Agricultural Research agaric genera the formation of a brown-rot is a Center, P. 0. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30613. The anamorph of Microascus intermedius Emmons & Dodge qerler I c rea t :re. During mycofloral studies of sunflower seeds, an DON R. REYNOLDS. Natural History Museum, ascomycete morphologically indistinguishable from noExposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, Microascus intermedius was frequently isolated from California 90007. low quality seeds. Von Arx erected the genus A phylogenetic view of the Capnodiaceae Pithoascus for g. nidicola, g. intermedius and other sensu lato. species lacking anamorphs, with no ascospore germ pores and with papillate ascomata. The sunflower The Capnodiaceae sensu lato is analyzed isolates of M. intermedius were consistently associ- with cladistic technique. The hypothesis ated with an undescribed Scopulariopsis anamorph, being tested is that the sexual states especially when grown on sunflower seeds. Conidia and the asexual states of monophyletic were globose to subglobose, hyaline and measured pleoholomorphs will have similar trees. 4-6(8) X 4-5.5(7.5) micrometers. Annelides measured 4-13 X 2-2.5 micrometers. Fungus-free sunflower seeds inoculated with ascospores of g. intermedius ROBERT H. RIEHL* AND DAVID 0. TOFT. Department of Cell Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55950. The consistently produced both the anamorphic and teleo- Antheridiol Receptor of Achlya ambisexualis E87. morphic states. Conidial isolates consistently pro- We have detected a high affinity bindinz protein duced cultures with fertile ascomata of g. in the cytosol of A. ambisexualis male cells ;hat is intermedius. Both papillate and rostrate ascomata of specific for antheridiol and a tritium-labeled -M. intermedius and g. intermedius were observed in analog. Studies have revealed that, in the presence culture. The identity of 8. intermedius was con- of sodium molybdate, this macromolecule has a firmed by comparison with the type culture of g. intermedius, which is derived from Emmons and Dodge's sedimentat ion coefficient of 8.3s in sucrose gradieqts of low ionic strength, a Stokes radius of original isolate. In light of this study, the acceptance of the genus Pithoascus and the family 56.6 A (Sephacryl 5-300 columns), a molecular weight of approximately 192,000, a frictional ratio Pithoascaceae should be re-examined . of 1.5, and an axial ratio of 8.9. The binding protein can be eluted with 0.24 M KC1 as a single Rogers, J. D., see Glawe, D. 4. peak from DEAE-Sephadex A-25 columns. When sucrose gradients are prepared containing 1 M KC1 without Romaine, C. P., see Wach, M. P., et. al. molybdate, a shift in sedimentation c.oefficient from 8.3s to 3.6s occurs. Recently, we have produced a Romano, M. A., see Gessner, R. V., et. al. monoclonal antibody to one component of ,the antheridiol receptor that cross-reacts with a similar Ross, I. K., see Kerrigan, R. W. component of the steroid receptors of birds and mammals. These results indicate that this steroid I. K. Ross, H. T. Choi, and R. L. Wilks. Dept. of binding protein from Achlya has in vitro biochemical Biological Sciences, University of California, Santa properties that are similar to those of the steroid Barbara, CA 93106. sclerotia and phenoloxidase prod- receptors in other organisms and that these uction in liquid cultures of Coprinus congregatus. properties may have been evolutionarily conserved. The lack of uniformity of mycelial balls (pellets) ROBERT W. ROBERSON, E. S. LUTTRELL, Department of growing in liquid shake culture is well known, but Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA usually consists of physiological differences among 30602, and NORMA L. CASHION, formerly CIMMYT. Londres populations of relatively similar cells of different 40, Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600 Mexico. D.F. Formation ages and environmental conditions. Such cultures of of exogenous terminal teliospores in Neovossia indica higher fungi are not normally known to undergo diff- (Tilletiaceae). erentiation to form structures composed of cells of different type and function. On agar cultures, 5. Teliospores of the karnal bunt fungus, Neovossia congregatus may form either mushrooms or sclerotia. indica, develop in extensive shallow cavities The initial development of the early stages of both resulting from dissolution of the middle layers of mushrooms and sclerotia are virtually identical aggr- the pericarp of the wheat grain. The cavity is egations of hyphae and are probably governed by the bounded on the outside by the epidermal and hypo- same genetic and biochemical pathways. Phenoloxidases dermal layers of the pericarp and on the inside by have been implicated in the first light response of the layer of cross cells and tube cells. The inter- -C. congregatus and are now known to be associated with cellular hyphae of the fungus line the cavity with a the very early stages of primordium formation. This hymenium-like stroma of compacted cells. Short hyphal oaDer reports the development of well-defined scler- 38 .otia in liquid shake cultures and the association with NITIN SAKSENA and H.H.S. Tripathi. Department of the format ion of the sclerotia of developmentally Botany, Univeristy of Saugar, Sagar (M.P.) 470 003, regulated phenoloxidases. The phenoloxidase associa- India. ted with the hyphal tip light response appears to be Fungistatic activity of Trichoderma volatiles against different from those associated with sclerotial form- plant pathogens. ation. Since sclerotia and primordia may share the same pathways, and phenoloxidases are associated with The effect of volatitles from six cultures of Tricho- both kinds of development, the liquid shake culture derma (L aureoviride, L, harzianum, T. lon ibrachi- system may be a convenient method for studying the atum, T. konin ii, T. v~rideand T regulation of the earliest stages of morphogenesis in TZiTat3-5iiAlTe Aiid~s~an~or~,was seen on this fungus. four plant pathogens i.e. Curvularia lunata, Helminthosporium or zae, Alternaria soland Rhozopus nodosus. -&-e percentage of spore germina- A. Y. ROSSMAN. Mycology Laboratory, Plant Protection tion wasdetermined and it was found that spore Institute, U.S. Oepartment of Agriculture, Be1 tsville germination was inhibited when the spores were in Agricultural Research Center, Be1 tsville, Maryland contact with the volatiles from Trichoderma species. 20705. Recent developments at the National Fungus Collections. NITIN SAKSEIIA and H.H.S. Tripathi. Oepartment of The National Fungus Collections houses almost one Botany, Univeristy of Saugar, Sagar (M.P.) 470 003, mill ion fungal specimens comprising the largest India. mycological herbarium in the world. In the last Antagonistic effects of volatiles of Saccharornyces several years the Alexopoulos myxomycetes have been against some human pathogenic fungi. acquired, curated by Or. M. L. Farr, and incorporated into the general myxomycete collection which now Ten species of Saccharomyces (S, bis orus consists of about 40,000 specimens. Initially in carlsber ensis, ra ilis, T%TFFT: -% several parts, the Ames herbarium has been organized diastitick trksk,S. tvrbidans, S. and is available for loan. The herbarium of Walter uvarum, S. rouxii, and S. chevalieq were screenea Snell, acquired in 1980, has now been incorporated forlai?mainst =me five human ~athoaenic into the general collections. Although housed separately up to now, the herbarium of West Virginia University will be incorporated shortly. The rare books of the John Stevenson Reference Room have been cleaned and oiled for preservation, damaged bindings Saccharom ces and that the gas mixtures produced in have been reparied, and pamphlets reorganized. ditedthe sporulation of the pathogens to a large extent. Roth, I. L., see Frederick, L., et. al. Schlagnhaufer, B., see Wach, M. P., et. al.

D. J. ROYSE. Department of Plant Pathology, Mushroom Schoknecht, J. D., see Keller, H. W. Research Center, 211 Buckhout Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA Schulz, R. W., see Gessner, R. V., et. al. 16802. Use of isozyme variation for cell line identification, homokaryon detection and hybrid confirmation of cultivated mushrooms. M. A. SHERWOOD-PIKE. Geology Department, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403. Most electrophoretic studies of fungi have focused Taxonomy of dispersed fossil fungus spores from primarily on general protein patterns, using some Clarkia, northern Idaho. specific enzymes. The electrophoretic phenotypes were evaluated on the presence or absence of particu- A diverse assemblage of fungal spores was recovered lar bands. Other workers, however, postulated genetic from Miocene lakebed sediments from Clarkia, Idaho bases for the specific enzyme phenotypes observed. using standard palynological techniques. Approxim- This latter type of approach provides far more infor- ately 150 distinct taxa are present. Of those which mation on genetic variability and its inheritance. have modern analogues, the greatest number are dema- Applications for genetic-based isozyme electrophoresis tiaceous hyphomycetes. Ascospores of Xylariaceae in selective breeding programs for edible mushrooms and loculoascomycetes are also abundant. Although include: cell line authentication, homokaryon detec- small spores resembling basidiospores occur, they tion, and hybrid confirmation. Cell line authentica- are not common. While conditions of preservation at tion can be accomplished by assessing specific Clarkia are exceptionally good, thin-walled and alleles at specific loci. Genotypic classes of iso- hyaline spores have undoubtedly been selectively lates can be recognized by a series of loci having destroyed. The absence of Uredinales is a striking electrophoretic phenotypes with interpretable genetic feature of this and other Tertiary assemblages. bases. For examole.. , in the common cultivated mush- Among the most spectacular spores found are several room, Agaricus brunnescens, over 20,000 genotypic cheiroid types and conidia essentially identical to classes may be recognized on the basis of possible those of the modern aquatic hyphomycete Helicoon genotypes from the allelic variability exp;essed at giganteum. six polymorphic loci. Incorporation of breeding stock genomes into a single hypha can be confirmed by dimeric enzymes. Mycelial mixtures of parental breed- M. A. SHERWOOD-PIKE, Geology Department, University ing stocks are easily differentiated from crosses. of Oreeon.-- Eunene. -. OR 97403. The heterodimer can only be produced when both alleles Paleoecology of a Miocene Mycoflora. are present in their separate nuclei in the same mycelium. Fungal spores and fruitbodies are abundant in many Tertiary fossil assemblages. A detailed census of isolated spores extracted using palynological tech- niques and fruitbodies occurring on leaves provided 39 a data set for analysis and comparison with observa- wood-destroying fungi could decay fungal cell tions on the tracheophyte flora of the site. A walls. In a soil block test, the wood-destroying depauperate flora of epiphyllous fungi (e.g. Micro- fungi Coriolus versicolor (L. : Fr.) QuGl., Poria thyriaceae, Meliola) correlates with a cooling cli- subvermispora PilZt and d placenta (Fr. Cke. mate and predominantly deciduous flora. Species were grown on Pomitopsis pinicola (Pr.) Karst. and composition and relative frequencies of dispersed -G. gplanatum fungal substrates and on Alnus rubra fungal spores underwent significant changes during Bong. wood. Based on this preliminary test, it the lacustrine cycle represented by the Clarkia sedi- appears that these fungi are capable of causing ments. Very large spores are more numerous in the substantial decay in fungal cell walls. upper, oxidized layers of the sediments, possitly because of in situ degradation as the lake became shallower. Other changes in fungal species composi- Shih, L., see Muel ler, G. M., et. a1 . tion may be related to local changes in the tracheo- phyte flora or to a changing decompositional environ- ment due to altered moisture relations. A number of -N. SHISHKOFF, Dept. Plant Pathology, Cornell Univer- highly distinctive spores found at Clarkia have not sity, Ithaca, N.Y., 14853. Pattern of suberization of been reported elsewhere in the Tertiary; conversely. the,hypodermis of onion roots and its relation to pat- there are several spore types characteristic of early tern of infection by root invading fungi. Tertiary assemblages which do not occur at Clarkia. This supports the view that there are fungal spores The hypodermis of roots is a differentiate3 layer of whose biogeographic and/or stratigraphic distribution cells beneath the epidermis. In some plant families, is limited enough to render them useful tools in such as the Compositae, Liliaceae, Primulaceae, and biostratigraphy. Scrophulariaceae, among others, members have a hypo- dermis made up of two kinds of cells -- long rectang- ular ones, and short, sometimes isodiametric ones -- --T. SEWALL and J. POMMERVILLE. The Department of which are arranged in a regular pattern. Endomycor- B~ology,Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843. rhizal fungi and certain plant pathogenic fungi usual- Experimental stud~es of gamete cleavage in Allomyces ly penetrate the short cells. Of 124 hypodermal pene- macrogynus. trations on differentiated onion (~lliumcepa L.) root by. Glomus albidus Walker & Rhodes, 99% occurred The process by which gametes of the Chytridlomycete, through short cells. Of 438 hypodermal penetrations Allomyces macrogynus, are formed is not clearly by Pyrenochaeta terrestris Gorenz, Walker & Carson, understood and the problem of the orlgin and assembly of 99% were through the short cells. Toluidine blue, gamete plasma membrane has not been adequately Sudan black B, Sudan IV, and phloroglucinol with HC1 addressed in previous studies. Because the Golgl complex were used to identify suberin in the hypodermis- - of has not been structurally demonstrated and endomembrane onion, Hoya carnosa L., and Maianthemum canadense functions have not been elucidated in .4Ilomyces,we used Desf. The Casparian strip develops first, in the rad- gametangia grown in droplets of culture med~umto follow ial walls of all hypodermal cells. Then the long development, cleavage, and release of uninucleate rectangular cells become completely suberized. Late planogametes. Transmission electron microscopic in development, the short cells may become completely observations of cytoplasmic cleavage were conducted using suberized. Until then, the inner and outer tangen- fixations for enhancement of membrane contrast. tial walls are permeable to a number of stains, in- Gametangia induced to sporulate with dllute salts (DS) cluding aniline blue, calcofluor white, neutral red, containing the ionophore, monensin, took much longer to and alizarin red sulfate. release gametes than those induced with DS only. Induction with DS containrng 50 fl monensin resulted in Shortle, W. C., see Taylor, R., et. al. attenuation of cleavage membrane assembly and subsequent release of abnormal gametes with multiple flagella and nuclei. Monensin is known to affect the ion M. E. Silliker. Department of Botany, University of gradlent of the trans (mature) clsternae of the Golgi California, Berkeley, CA 94720. complex causing them to dilate and be released as swollen Mitochondrial inheritance in the Myxomycete, vacuoles. Although the structural equivalent of the Golgi Didymium iridis. complex has not been shown in Allomyces, cytochemistry has indicated its functional equivalent does exrst as Didymium iridis (Ditmar) Fries (Order Physarales) scattered cr sternal or vesicular elements. It appears that is an isogamous organism; presumably both parents Golgl complex-l~kefunctions play a major role in gamete contribute equally to the mitochondrial population cleavage in 4. macrogynus. in the zygote. A large coenocytic plasmodium is established, precluding cell division as a mechanism E.C. SETLIFF and W.C. CHUNG. Forintek Canada of segregating parental mitochondrial types. What Corp., Western Laboratory, 6620 N.W. Marine Drive, is the fate of the two parent's mitochondria in Vancouver, B.C. V6T 1x2. the life cycle? Restriction enzyme digest profiles The decay of Ganoderma applanatum hyphae. of the mitochondrial DNA were used to trace the relative survival of each mitochondrial type in When basidiocarp tissue of the white-rot fungus crosses. The following results were obtained. Ganoderma applanatum (Pers : S.F. Gray) Pat. was (1) Haploid strains have a distinct and character- examined from field collections, some samples were istic restriction pattern although some bands are found to have turned from their original dark brown conserved between strains. (2) Both parental mito- color to white. Microscopic observations showed chondrial types can be detected in plasmodia after that the bleaching phenomenon was associated with prolonged growth although one parental type is more hyphal discoloration, disintegration, and abundant than the other in each cross. Based on disappearance. It was hypothesized that this these results, I conclude that there is a high bleaching and disintegration of fungal tissue may tolerance for mixed mitochondrial populations in have been due to the same decay processes that the plasmodium although selection and/or drift occurs. Mitochondrial inheritance in Didymium will occur in wood with advanced white-rot. be compared to different patterns of organelle This led to the question as to whether or not inheritance in other isogamous organisms. The 40 relationship of these results to the life cycle and cycle may now be used to identify relationships the phylogeny of D. iridis will be discussed. between flagellate and non-flagellate Eumvcetozoa. Supported by NSF grant BSR 83-07376 J.C. SILVER and D. PEKKALA. University of Toronto, Scarborough Campus, 1265 Military Trail, West Hill, L. J. SPIELMAN and M. HUBBES. Faculty of Forestry, Canada M1C 1A4. Environmentally induced alterations University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada MSS 1Al. in chromatin and protein synthesis in Achlya. Variation in virulence and isozyme patterns of Septoria musiva, agent of Septoria canker of hybrid Cell stress such as heat shock, results in several poplar. changes at both the cellular and the molecular levels in both the oomycete Achlya ambisexualis and in the Septoria musiva Pk. causes a serious canker disease zygmocyte Entomophthora aulicae. In both organisms a in hybrid poplar plantations and nurseries in the characteristic set of "stress proteins" is induced United States, but is insignificant in Ontario plan- which can be found associated with specific cytoplas- tations and nurseries planted with the same clones. mic and/or nuclear fractions. Interestingly, two of The objective of this study was to determine whether the characteristic Achlya heat-shock proteins i.e. genetic differences between the fungal populations the 74kD and the 86kD proteins appear similar to two in Ontario and the U.S. could be responsible for the Achlya developmentally regulated nuclear proteins in- low level of disease in Ontario. Isozyme patterns duced by the steroid hormone antheridiol. In Achlya and virulence on hybrid poplars were compared among heat-shock results in changes in chromatin structure isolates of 5. musiva from 4 states in the U.S. and and in the sensitivity of Achlya chromatin to the 5 locations in Ontario. Patterns of acid phospha- enzyme DNase I. The changes in chromatin structure tase, alkaline phosphatase, hexokinase, peroxidase, appear related to the increased histone phosphory- peptidase, and other enzymes, revealed a high level lation which accompanies heat-shock. Heat shock also of genetic variation but showed little regional appears to alter the deposition of actin in Achlya. differentiation among isolates. IVhen inoculated For example, nuclei in heat-shocked cells contain into hybrid poplar clones by placement of a mycelial large bundles of parallel-oriented filaments and, plug over a small wound in the stem, some isolates studies with NBD-phallocidin, an actin specific varied in virulence depending on the clone, but stain, indicate that these intranuclear filaments other isolates consistently showed either high or contain actin. With heat-shock, the dephosphorylation low virulence. Isolates with high virulence origi- of a major group of 30kD Achlya phosphoproteins was nated from both the U.S. and Ontario, and there was noted. These proteins could be isolated from Achlya no difference in the distribution of high and low ribosomes and appear analogous to mammalian ribosomal virulence among isolates from the two countries. protein S6. Changes in the phosphorylation of these There was no correlation between isozyme patterns and other ribosome-associated proteins may be in- and virulence. Based on these results, we conclude volved in the changes observed in the rate of protein that 2. musiva exhibits low regional variation in synthesis during heat shock. genotypes, and that populations in Ontario are gene- (Supported by grants from NSERC Canada to J.C.S.) tically similar to populations in other poplar- growing regions of North America. Silver, J. C., see Rrunt, S. A. Sriskantha, 4., see Wach, M. P., et. al. Silver, J. C., see Pekkala, D. Steiner, S., see Hu, F.-S, et. al. Simmons, C. A., see Kerwin, J. L., et. al. Stempen, H., see Evans, R. C. Smol ich, B. D., see Taylor, J. W., et. a1 . Strickland, R., see Pommerville, J., et. al. F. W. SPIEGEL, Department of Botany and Microbiology, Suryanarayana, K., see Thomas, des S. University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701. The D. obligately amoeboid cells of Eumycetozoa - evidence for several unique evolutionary origins. Sussman, D. A., see Hammill, T. M., et. al.

Several of the flagellate protostelids and the J. B. SUTHE~ND. BioSource Institute and the Insti- myxomycetes have an obligately amoeboid state in the tute of Wood Research, Michigan Technological Univer- life cycle which will not become flagellate when sity, Houghton, MI 49931. Cellulase and B-glucosi- placed in liquid. A well known example of such a dase regulation in Ischnoderma resinosum. state is the plasmoddiun of myxomycetes. Among the protostelids obligate amoebae may be plasmodia, The white-rot fungus Ischnoderma resinosum, a member plurinucleate amoebae, or uninucleate amoebae. In of the Poly-ooraceae, was grown with various carbohy- order to determine the phy1ogeneti.c significance of drates in stationary liquid media. Extracellular this state of the life cycle, it Is necessary to filter paper activity, carboxymethyl cellulase, and determine whether it is homologous for all members 8-glucosidase were determined by the 2,4-dinitrosali- of the group or if it has evolved independently cylic acid method. Filter paper activity and carbox- several times. Evidence for common origin would only ymethyl cellulase were higher in cultures grown on support data gathered on the flagellar apparatus and carboxymethyl cellulose than on either xylan or D- mitosis of amoebo-flagellate cells; evidence for glucose. In succinate-grown cultures, the addition separate origins would help to define some of the of either D-cellobiose or carboxymethyl cellulose re- major clades of Eumycetozoa. Ultrastructure of the sulted in the induction of carboxymethyl cellulase. cytoskeleton and, in some cases, mitosis in the Cultures grown with carboxymethyl cellulose plus a obligate amebae of Cavostelium apophysatum, second carbohydrate were tested for catabolite re- Protosporangium articulatum, and Ceratiomyxella pression of cellulase activity. Both filter paper tahitiensis suggests that the obligately amoeboid activity and carboxymethyl cellulase were repressed state has evolved independently in each of these by D-xylose, L-arabinose, L-fucose, and D-glucuronic species. The characters of these states of the life acid. Carboxymethyl cellulase was also repressed by 41 D-glucose, D-galactose, L-rhamnose, D-mannose, D-cel- from medium for cultures grown either in CT's pre- lobiose, pectin, D-galacturonic acid, and xylan. B- sence or absence will be detailed. Glucosidase activity was induced in succinate-grown cultures of I. resinosum by D-cellobiose. Although xylan did not induce B-glucosidase in succinate-grown Tewari, J. P. see Royetchko, S. M. cultures, 6-glucosidase activity was higher in car- boxymethyl cellulose-grown cultures if xylan was in- D. des S. THOMAS and K. SURYANARAYANA, Depart- cluded. ment of Biology, University of Windsor, Wind- sor, Ont. Canada N9B 3P4. Calmodulin and J.W. TAYLOR, B.D. SMOLICH and G. MAY. Depart- actin during asexual sporulation of Achlya. ment of Botany, University of California, Berkeley, CA Recently, we reported the isolation and char- 94720. Mitochondria1 DNA evolution in the genus Neu- acterization of a ca2+-dependent activator rospora protein (Calmodulin, CM) from the water mold Achlya ambisexualis. This protein, as visua- Our study of the evolution of heterothallic Neurospora spp. lized bv Indirect Immunofluorescence is loca- by restriction endonuclease analysis of mitochondrial lized throughout the cytoplasm as a diffuse array of filaments. Fluorescence is particu- DNA aims to determine the occurrence of ca. 150 sites larly intense at the hyphal apex. Yhen the recognized by 15 endonucleases in 20 isolates of N. crassa, vegetative tip is induced to differentiate 6 isolates of N. intermedia, 5 isolates of N. sitophila, and 4 into an asexual sporangium, CM becomes con- isolates of N. tetrasperma In N. crassa we find ten mito- centrated in the apical papilla. A band of chondrial types, eight of which are very similar (separated CM persists as a collar around the exit pore by three or less length mutations and 1 site change). The after spore release. Collars of CM are also associated with exit pores of both achlyoid other two types are distinct (at least 5 length mutations and dictyuchoid cysts of Achlya. This sug- and 1 site change). Assuming the absence of mitochon- gests that CM may be associated with spor- drial recombination, the distribution of mutations indi- angial and cyst lysis (secretion-related cates that length mutations can arise independently. phenomena). We also localized F-actin in Comparison of the N. crassa mitochondrial types with Achlya using rhodamine-conjugated phalloidin. preliminary analyses of Eco RI restriction fragments of the Peripheral actin plaques are aggregated at other isolates shows that both N. sitophilaand N. the growing tip. This aggregation disappears when the tip is induced to become a sporan- tetrasperma form distinct groups but that N. crassa and N. gium. The maturing sporangia contain intra- intermedia isolates are very similar. These results are con- nuclear actin that remains even in fresh sistent with mating data that suggest a hybrid origin for N. cysts. Concentrations of actin plaques are intermedia with N. crassa as the protoperitheciating parent. also associated with the sites of germ tube Our results suggest that this approach to the study of fun- and branch emergence. We believe that actin gal evolution will be very useful at the population and plaques may be a cytoskeletal link between species level. Our information permits selection of the plasma membrane and the cell wall. appropriately variable DNA fragments for studies at higher taxonomic levels. Toft, D. O., see Riehl, R. M.

Tripathi, H. H. S., see Saksena, Y., a. R. Ta lor, W.V. Dashek, W.C. Shortle and J.E. & Biology Department, Atlanta University, Tripathi, H. H. S., see Saksena, N., b. Atlanta, GA 30314 and Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Durham, NH 03824. Polyphenol oxidase: A possible regulator of the bimodal growth response of B. E. TUCKER. Dept. of Plant Pathology, N.Y. State Coriolus versicolor to polyphenols in culture. Agr. Exp. Sta., Geneva NY 14456. The adhesive secondary-. mores (letiferis~ores)of Growth of C. versicolor, a wood-decay fungus, in Macrobiotophthora vermicola, a nematophagous Ento- culture is either inhibited or stimulated by catechol mophthorales (Zygomycetes): Factors affecting spore (CT) dependin9 uDon the ~0lv~hen01's addition time.-. formation and adhesion to the host cuticle. whereas' CT inhibited growthvat early log phase, it stimulated growth during either stationary or decline The formation of the letiferispore, by resporulation phases. Early CT provision (3 day) both altered mito- of a forcibly discharged primary spore (conidium), chondrial profiles and reduced RER and electron-dense is a central event in the life cycle of M. vermicola. coated vesicle quantities but late CT supplementation The life cycle of this nematode destroying Entomoph- (13 day) yielded hvphae with abundant electron dense thorales is presented, and the ultrastructure of granules.- To test the hypothesis that these CT- letiferispore formation is described. induced effects could be due to an extracellular The material responsible for adhesion is muci- polyphenoloxidase (PPO) yielding a growth modulating lagenous, histologically positive for protein and compound, we examined the time-dependent appearance carbohydrate, and appears fibrillar when fixed con- of extracellular PPO emanating from C. versicolor ventionally for TEM. grown upon a defined medium. ExtracXlular PPO was Various physical, chemical, and enzymatic treat- detected 8 days after inoculation provided that the ments of host nematodes failed to prevent adhesion enzyme was assayed at 30' with lOOmM CT in 100mM, of the letiferispores. The presence of a lectin- pH 5.0 acetate buffer. This activity was linear mediated host recognitionlattachment system (as with increasing enzyme concentration and was affected found in the Deuteromycetes) is contraindicated by by boiling. Sephadex 6-100 gel filtration of medium these results. from cultures grown in CT's absence revealed multiple peaks exhibiting PPO activity. Whereas one eluted within the void volume, others were retarded. A comparison of extracellular PPO elution profiles B. E. TUCKER. Dept. of Plant Pathology, N.Y. State value for Basidiomycetes. Methods for isolation of Agr. Exp. Sta.. Geneva NY 14456. whole-cell DNA will be presented. The significance of The Nucleus-Associated Organelle of Macrobiotoph- DNA homology to systematics of Collvbia will be thora vermicola, a nematophagous Entomophthorales. discussed.

The morphology of the nucleus-associated organelle is an important character for current attempts to p. VILGALYS and 0. K. MILLER, JR. Dept. of Biology, elucidate the phylogenetic relationships within the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, order Entomophthorales (Zygomycetes). To date, only Blacksburg, VA 24061. Evolutionary systematics of Collvbia ~rvoohila five members have been examined, representing three . families, revealing four different morphologies in NAO ultrastructure. This poster reports the ultra- The Collvbia glrvo~hilacomplex consfsts of at least six structural morphology of the NAO of Macrobiotoph- intersterile groups worldwide. Mating compatibility thora vermicola, which in conventional fixation within each group is regulated by bifactorial incompatibility with multiple alleles. In addition, appears as a simple hollow cylinder measuring 170 crosses within one group show heterogenic x 90 nm with the internal channel measuring 60 nm in diamter. The intranuclear component of the NAO incompatibility between geographically separated consists of electron opaque material occluding the populations. Nuclear migration is reduced or absent in nuclear pores. Intranuclear spindle microtubules all groups examined. Europe and North America each emanate directly from the NAO-INC. contain four intersterile groups. Within either The NAO of 5. vermicola is morphologically most continent, different groups can be distinguished by one similar to those observed in Basidiobolus ranarum, to several reliable morphological features. Groups and are significantly smaller and lack the fibrillar existing sympatrically thus behave as good biological taillhandle that is found in Erynia neoaphidis and and taxonomic species. Three of the European groups Strongwellsea magna. are each intercompatible with one of three groups from North America, suggesting conspecificity. Basidiocarps from intercompatible allopatric populations, however, G.A. Tuttle and J.P. Jones. Dept. Plant Pathology are morphologically dissimillar. Electrophoretic and Crop Physiology, Louisiana Agricultural evidence indicates that these allopatric populations Experiment Station. Louisiana State University are genetically divergent at a number of isozyme loci. Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge. LA 70803. Studies of isozyme inheritance in laboratory Cultural and cytological studies of the Hysteriales. synthesized dikaryons also suggest that divergent populations of the same group show differential Members of the Hysteriales (Loculoascomycetidae) have expression of isozyme loci. Mating compatibility been collected from the Gulf Coast area of the U.S., between allopatric populations may therefore not be a mainly southern Louisiana, for the past two years. good criterion of conspecificity. A geographic Commonly collected orgainsms include Rhytidhysterium component to genetic variation in the drvoohile --rufulum. Glonium stellatum, Gloniopsis praelonga, g. group is consfstent with allopatric models of curvata, Hysterographium & and Hysterium insidens. evolution. The significance of the results to fungal Cultural studies have been initiated to attem~t to systematics and evolution wi 11 be discussed. produce the anamorphs of these organinsms. S'ingle ascospore cultures were established, when possible, on potato dextrose agar or corn meal agar amended H.S. VISHNIAC. Dept. Botany and Microbiology, Oklahoma with two percent glycerin. The anamorph of G. State University, Stillwater OK 74078. Ribosomal RNA stellatum (Sphaeronaema byssoideum Lohman ?) could be homologies in the definition of basidiobl astomycete induced to form when cultures were grown in taxa. continuous light but cultures grown in continuous darkness failed to fruit. Cytological studies have The dogma of molecular phylogeny states that base been conducted with Glonium stellatum and Gloniopsis changes in rRNA occur, on average, at constant rates, sp. Ascus development in these organisms is similar so that differences numerous enough to represent an to that reported for other ascomycetes. Crozier average rate are proportional to evolutionary distance formation is followed by karyogamy, meiosis and The 5s rRNA sequence comparisons of Walker and Doo- mitosis, resulting in eight uninucleate ascospores. little and of Huysmans and co-workers indicate an In g. stellatum one additional mitotic division early divergence of Teliomycetes from other fungal occurs in the ascospore followed by septun formation, groups, separating those heterobasidiomycetous yeasts resulting in a two-celled ascospore with one nucleus which are doliporous (Filobasidium and a1 1ies) from per cell. In Gloniopsis sp. repeated mitotic adoliporous yeasts such as Sporidi'obolus and Rhodo- divisions with concomitant septum formation in the sporidium. The larger information content ofZ5SrRNA ascospore results in a muriform hyaline spore. permits superior systematic resolution (to the 1eve1 of genus). Although it also inhibits sequencing, rRNA-DNA hybridization yields average base sequence Ull rich, R. C., see Chase, T. E. homologies as precisely as required for determining relatedness. Were the dogma valid, the phylogeny of basidiomycetous yeasts should be the same by either B. VILGALYS, J. L- JOHNSON, and 0. K. MILLER, JR. method. 255 rRNA homoloav within the aenera Filo- Departments of Biology and Anaerobic Microbiology, basidiella, Fi1obasidium;- ~eucos~oridi;m, andTEdo- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, sporidium and within the form-genera Cryptococw Blacksburg, VA 24061. Preliminary characterization of Rhodotorul a. and Vanriia is conaruent with suaaested DNA' s from Col lvbia species. morphological definition of the;e genera, butdieither with the weight given to dolipores in this group nor Nucleic acid studies involving DNA homology can provide with assimilation characters. Since these yeasts are valuable information for fungal systematics. We have more homologous with each other than with Sporidio- characterized several fungal DNA' s isolated from bolus or Ustilago, the 5s rRNA phylogeny is in blatant species of ollvbia. Collvbia drvoohil* and c. EFEFadiction to 255 rRNA phylogeny. Ribosomal RNA bubsul~hureaare two closely related, yet intersterile, homology is not an evolutionary yardstick, but a com- species common in North America. Both species possess plex and conservative character useful in conjunction DNA with a base composition of 45% G+C, a relatively low with other, preferably morphological, characters. 43 M.P. WACH, A. SRISKANTHA, K. KOONS, B. SCHLAGNHAUFER, W.F. WALKER. Department of Biochemistry, and C.P. ROMAINE, Department of Plant Pathology, The Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA S3H 4H7. 5s ribosomal RNA sequences and 16802. An analysis of the viruses associated with ascomycete phylogenetics. LaFrance disease of Agaricus bisporus. A phylogenetic tree for ascomycete 5s rRHA The name LaFrance disease is used to describe a ser- sequences is constructed. The endomycetales ious malady of the cultivated mushroom, Agaricus yeast sequences form a diverse main branch. bisporus (Lange) Imbach which is associated with sev- All sequences from mycelial ascomycetes form eral types of virus-like particles (VLPs). Sporophore another main branch of about equal diversity. isolates were analyzed for double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) Sequences from Pl ectomycetes, Pyrenomycetes by gel electrophoresis and for VLPs and a bacilliform and Discomycetes appear to be about equi- virus by two seroassays and/or electron microscopy to distant from each other. Sequences from further clarify the etiology of the disease. DsRNA Schizosaccharomyces pombi and Protomyces was detected in 19 of 65 isolates and was correlated inundatus clearly form the most isolated with reduced yields and, in some cases, deformed spor- sequence lineages. The P. inundatus ophores. From 2 to 12 dsRNA species xith molecular sequence is nearly equidistant from weights ranging from 4.3 to 0.21 x 10 were associated ascomycete and ba~idiom~cetesequences. with the disease. Solid support hybridization experi- Prel imi nary results from 5.8s sequence ments suggested that most dsRNAs represent unique data more clearly indicate a closer nucleotide sequences. Diseased sporophore isolates clustering of the P. inundatus sequence also contained predominantly 19 nm and 25 nm spherical with basidiomycete sequences. Thus, particles. The dsRNAs most frequently isolated from present RNA sequence data are consistent intact sporophores copurified with these two particles with an origin of the basidiomycetes Additionally, an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity from an ascomycete somewhat resembl i ng was detected in spherical particle-enriched prepara- Protomycetales or presumably Taphri nales. tions. Also, a single-stranded RNA bacilliform virus was encountered in ca. 70% of diseased sporophore isolates. A 280 bp copy DNA of the genomic RNA was Wampler, J. E., see Lingle, W. L., et. al. cloned to establish a spot test for the detection of the bacilliform virus and in an effort to construct a Ware, C. T., see Hammill, T. M., et. al., a. gene vector for A. bisporus. Washino, R. K., see Kerwin, J. L., et. al. 'present address : Monterey Mushrooms, Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 189, Watsonville, CA.95077. D. J. WEBER, E. D. BUNDERSON, and C. V. BUNDERSON Department of Botany and Range Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602. C.A. WAGNER.. Department of Botany, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 4570i. Fine structure of the zoospores of Woronina Interactive videodisc as a tool in teaching pythii (~lasmodiophoromycetes). mycological laboratories. Free-swimming primary and secondary zoo- Preparing quality teaching laboratories in mycology can present unique challenges. Actively growing spores of ~oronina - thii , an endoparasite and/or sporulatinq fungi are rarely accessible in the of Pythium (Oomycetpbere examined with field. Living laboratory specimer.~are difficult to electron microsco~v. The two tv~esof zoo- maintain, and preserved collections are of limited spores are ~ltrasiructurall~inhistinqish- value. able. Nuclei are electron-opaque with An intelligent interactive videodisc, with still and electron-translucent re~ions. Kinetosomes motion pictures, audio commentary and interactive are 5OOnm long and occur in pairs that de- capacity for student control has been prepared to teach scribe an angle ranping from 70-105 devees the identification and classification of fleshy fungi. with respect to each other. Kinetosome Over 1500 species have been included on the disc with cores contain clusters of dense-staining illustrations, graphics and descriptive material. material. The kinetosomes are demarcated by Principles of morphology, taxonomy, physiology and a terminal plate at the distal end, proximal ecology are presented in an instructionally designed to the transition zone. A second plate, format. The videodisc can be used as a complete comparable to the axosomal plate described laboratory experience for students, as review and in many protozoans, defines the proximal end practice to complement laboratories, as supplementary of the flagellum. Each kinetosome is asso- lnaterial for teaching mycological principles, or as a ciated with two simple microtubular rootlets. "field guide" for anyone interested in identifying One consists of a pair of microtubules which fleshy fungi. The videodisc requires a videodisc appear to end at the plasmalemma a short player, a TV mo~itorand a n~icrocomputer. Software distance from where the flagellum emerges. should be available for several microcmputers including The second consists of three parallel micro- the IBM-PC and the Apple Placintosh. tubules which curve and follow the plasma- lemma two-thirds of the way around the zoo- Weber, N. S., see Cibula, W. G., et. al. spore. The fine structure of g. pythii ZOO- spores is compared with existing accounts of zoospore ultrastructure in other taxa of the A. L. WELDEN. Department of Biology and Mesoamerican Plasmodiophoromycetes. Ecology Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118. Some distributional Patterns of the Higher Fungi of the Gulf Coast.

The higher fungi of the Gulf Coast of the United States compose an unusual population of tropical, subtropical, and temperate zone species. Probably the main reason for this mixture is the lack of any of Fusariwn oqsporwn efficiently ferment D-xylose to great geographical barriers separating the different ethanol, with yields up to 85% of theoretical. Con- zones. Six distributional patterns are exposed in trolling the dissolved oxygen concentration in liquid this study. Three might be considered as variations cultures is necessary to maximize ethanol production on a single pattern of northward migration of rates and efficiency. The effect of different aera- tropical species. A fourth pattern is the incursion tion rates and D-xylose concentrations on ethanol of temperate species into the subtropics, the fifth productivity will be discussed, is the cosmopolitan pattern; and, finally, the irrational pattern. This last pattern is undoubted- ly a collection artifact, e.g., Dichopleuropus Wene, E. G., see Antonopoulos, A. A. spathulatus Corner was discovered in Malaysia and is now known from its type locality and Lake George, Wheeler, K. A., see Pitt, J. I., et. al. Florida only. K. 0. WHITNEY and H. J. ARNOTT. Department of Imposed over these patterns are the least three Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, factors: (1) substrate requirements, (2) critical TX 76019. Calcium oxal ate crystal devel oprnent in temperature requirements for growth, and (3) hyphae of Agaricus bi sporus. altitudinal variation. For the fungi these factors are ill-understood. Aerial hyphae of Agaricus bis orus grown in agar culture produce abundant ca?- cium oxalate crystals. Approximately 25-30 Basidiomycetes, and a few These deposits, when first formed, consist of Ascomycetes are shown as examples of these distribu- elongate, acicular, "raphide-1 ike" crystals that tion patterns. The Basidiomycete examples are drawn ensheath the hypha, giving the elements of the aerial mainly from thelephoroid and stereoid species, with mycelium a bottle-brush appearance. SEM examination a few polyporaceous and tremellaceous fungi added to of the crystal-bearing hyphae reveals that the demonstrate the wide applicability of the patterns. crystals are arranged tangenti a1 1 y on the hyphal surface. The crystals appear to originate within the wall of the hyphae and increase in length as K. WELLS. Department of Botany, University of additional calcium oxalate is added to the crystal California, Davis, CA 95616. Inter- and intracol- within the hyphal wall. Scanning electron micrographs lection matings of several species of Exidiopsis and energy-di spersive x-ray elemental analysis of (Tremellaceae). these crystal s will be presented. Intracollection crosses of single-spore isolates of Exidiopsis plumbescens (Burt) Wells, E. diversa nom. ANlTMA WILFRED, L. FREDERICK, and W. LENA AUSTIN. prov., E. paniculata E. prov., E. punicea x. HmdUniversity, Washington, DC 20059 Nuclear prov., E. calcea (Pers.) Wells, E. effusa (Bref. ex behavior during ascospomgenesis in a natural mutaht Sacc.) A. Mbller, E. grisea (Pers.) Bourd. et L. of Neuxvspra dodgei, a hmthallic species. Maire, and an undesczbed species of Exodiopsis demon- strated that all species are bifactorial. In approxi- A mutant strain of NeuroSpora dodgei that appem in mately 50% of the mating~, hyphae with simple septa two corn ma1 amr culture plates is characterized by and uninucleate hyphal segments developed from the the formtion of round, oval, or peanut pod-shw plugs taken from the contact zones (A=B= or A=Bf). In ascospores that vary in nmber from 8 to 16 per ascus. approximately 25% of the matings, hyphae with false Asci in which spores of the mtant form are greatly clamps at most septa grew from the plugs. Such hyphae enlarged and are, in sm instances, branched. The usually had binucleate terminal segments and uninucle- nuclear events that occur during the formation of ate subterminal segments (A#=). In the remaining 25% asci of the mtant have been studied with light of the crosses, hyphae with true clamps and binucleate microscopy and canpared with those that occur in cul- hyphal segments grew from the plugs taken from the tures of the wild type. Single ascospow isolates contact zones ( AfBf) . Intercollection matings within of the rmtant were used in the study. Nuclear events a species gave rise to hyphae with true clamps and follow the sam pattern in isolates of the mutant and binucleate hyphal segments except in those cases of the wild type through the first mitotic division. involving duplicate A or B factors. Plugs from the In the ascus of the wild type, after the first mitot- contact zones of crosses between isolates from collec- ic division, ascospores are delimited. In isolates tions of 2. plumbescens from Vancouver, B.C. south to of the mtant a second mitotic division usually takes northern California and isolates from collections east place in the ascus prior to the delimitation of asco- of Vancouver, B.C. and from northern Idaho usually spores and results in a 16-nucleated ascal stage. grew out into the two monokaryons and a narrow zone between the monokaryons in which true clamp connec- Subsequently ascospore delimitat ion occurs and re- tions were formed. Clamp connections were absent in sults in the developrrent of 8 binucleate peanut pod- the contact zones of all interspecific crosses. The shaped ascuspom, 16 round uninucleate ascospores , morphology of the contact zones of the interspecific or a mixture of from 9 to 15 round, oval, or peanut crosses varied considerably. pod-shaped uninucleate or binucleate ascospo~s. Following delimitation round or oval ascuspores be- cane binucleate. Peanut pod-shaped ascospores were E.G. WENE and A.A. ANTBNOPO1TLOS, Argonne National Lab- not noted to be- quadrinucleate after delimitation. oratory, Energy and Environmental Systems, 9700 South Cass Ave., Argonne, IL 60439. Ethanol production by Wilks, R. L., see Ross, I. K., et. al. Fusariwn oxyspom on D-xylose under aerobic condi- tions. GEORGE J. WONG. Department of Botany, 3190 Maile Xylose is a major component of monosaccharides in hy- Way, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822. drolyzates of lignocellulose. The efficient conver- Interfertility between Auricularia polytricha and sion of xylose to ethanol is a major factor in deter- Auricularia t enuis. mining the economic feasibility of utilizing ligno- celluloses for ethanol production. Selected strains Three collections of Auricularia were collected 45 from Hawaii. Based on the morphology of the terium ~hos~horeumwas to cause a reversion to the basidiocarps in transverse section, it was bioluminescent condition after 10 h treatment. CPA determined that two of the collections were did not generate such a response but at higher doses referable to Auricularia polytricha and the third inhibited the low level bioluminescence observed in to A. tenuis. Single spores were isolated from the control by 20 h incubation. The mutant was each collection and self-crossed. Both species treated with stimulatory doses of AFBl and simultane- were found to be bifactorial, producing true clamps ously with CPA at low concentrations which had no in AZB# crosses and false clamps in A#B= crosses. effect on bioluminescence or at high concentrations However, the bifactorial system in the two which inhibited bioluminescence. Low doses of CPA had Auricularia species differs from the one observed no effect on the stimulation of biolumineecence by in agarics such as Schizophyllum commune and AFBl but high doses decreased the stimulation. These Coprinus lagopus in that nuclear migration, results imply that in this bioassay system, high apparently, does not occur and AZB= crosses are levels of CPA depress the effect of AFB1. The com- stable. Crosses performed between A. polytricha bined activity of the two mycotoxins were examined in and A. tenuis produced dikaryons and fruiting of a bacterial bioluminescent system designed to measure selected hybrid dikaryons produced basidiocarps cytotoxicity. that are morphologically referable to -A. polytricha. These preliminary results indicate that A. polytricha and A. tenuis may be synonymous. S. E. Gochenaur, Biology Department, Adelphi Uni- versity, Garden City, Long Island, New York 11530. I. E. YATES~, R. J. COLE^, J. L. UNIER~ AND J. W. Comparative carbon nutrition of members of the DORNER~. l~oxicol.& Biol. Constit. Res. Unit, EupeniciZ Zim javanica, E. Zapidosa, and E. pine tom Russell Research Cen., USDAIARS, Athens, GA 30613, Sections in relation to their taxonomy and ecology. *National Peanut Res. Lab., USDA/ARS, Dawson, GA 31742. Bacterial luminescent bioassays of aflatoxin A EupeniciZZiwn species isolated from an oak-birch B1 and cyclopiazonic acid toxicities. forest is believed to be a member of the E. Zapidosa Section. It has several distinctive features that Aflatoxin B1 (AFBl), a mycotoxin whose toxicity, hepa- include osmophilic growth, a genetically unstable tocarcinogenicity and mutagenicity are well charac- holomorph, an inability to utilize di- and poly- terized, is produced by only a few strains of Asper- saccharides, and an extremely slow development with gillus flavus and A. parasiticus. A. flavus can also colony diameters of less than 7 mm after 14 da produce cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), a mycotoxin whose incubation at room temperature. In spite of these acute toxicity in laboratory animals though not as features, this organism is the most abundant severe as AFBl does cause deleterious effects. Since cleistothecial ascomycete and one of only five broad both toxins can be produced by A. flavus, CPA and AFBl amplitude species in the A horizon. A comparison of could occur simultaneously in the food supply and its carbon nutrition on 35 compounds to the nutrition interact to alter the toxic expression of one another. of 18 other Eupenicillia will be presented along with The effect of AFBl and other mutagens known to attack some thoughts on the relationship of nutrition to the the guanine sites in DNA of a dark mutant of Photobac- taxonomy and ecology of these species.

THE UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA MICROFUNGUS COLLECTION AND HERBARIUM

Established in 1960, the University of Alberta Yicrofungus Collection and Herbarium (UAMH) is now the second largest collection of filamentous fungi in Canada, and has become nationally and internationally recognized as an important reference and research facility. Recognizing the significance of UAMH to scientists in Canada and elsewhere, the University of Alberta, on January 1, 1985, made a major commitment to the future of the collection by transferring it to the University's Devonian Botanic Garden, a facility with which it shares a common role in the preservation of living organisms. The Devonian Botanic Garden, one of six interdisciplinary units within the Office of the Vice-President (Research), is directed by P. N. D. Seymour. This amalgamation consolidates mycological expertise and facilities currently available at each of the two centres and will improve the collection's eligibility for obtaining funding from non-medical granting agencies.

The UAMH preserves a large and unique collection of medically important fungi as well as fungi of importance to agriculture, forestry and industry. With an increasing emphasis in Canada on development of industrial and applied research (9iotechnology), there will be an increasing requirement for accurately identified and properly maintained fungal genotypes. The objectives of the UAMH are to meet this requirement, to maintain the liason with the biological and medical communities, and to provide improved services to agriculture, forestry and industrial research.

Fungi in the collection include all groups, but particular emphasis has been placed on mold fungi (Hyphomycetes). Current acces'sions number over 5000, the majority being represented by living cultures and herbarium specimens. Many cultures are derived from type collections, and are useful for verification of identifications.

Completion in 1985 of an on-line data base containing UAMH strain records, will facilitate data distr.ibution and retrieval. This data retrieval system, when fully implemented and made public, will be accessible for on-line searches by any researcher in North America, and will facilitate selection of strains appropriate to particular research applications. Publication of a new edition of the UAMH catalogue is planned for 1985. Enquiries regarding UAMH services and cultures should be directed to the Curator, Lynne Sigler, University of Alberta Microfungus Collection and Herbarium, Devonian Botanic Garden, 1-31 Med. Sci. Bldg., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H7. 4 6 COMPUTER SOFTWARE AVAILABLE--FOR GIVE-AWAY, SALE, OR EXCHANGE

Gary W. Moorman has an illustrated key to diseases of dogwood (Cornus florida) for Macintosh computer users who have Telos "Filevision" software.

Fred Rhoades offers PC-TAXONIASKATAXA. It generates synoptic keys and provides rapid microcomputer access and editing, including hard-copy key printing. Define keys to 128 taxa, using 400 character-states. Requirements: IBM PCIXTIAT with 192k memory (128k for ASKATAXA which does not have editing routines), DOS 2.0 or higher, monitor capable of displaying 80 column text. Specify version for IBM color adapter (card) or other adapter (non-color- compatible cards and monochrome). $50 for full version. $5 for shortened demo version.

Walter J. Sundberg has available a MYCOLOGICAL DICTIONARY DISK for use with Sensible Speller (Apple, IIe DOS 3.3), includes most terms in Snell and Dick's "A Glossary of Mycology" and more. $20.00/copy, disk included (available as of July 1).

Edmund E. Tylutki would 1ike to correspond with anyone interested in developing an expert system for Agaricales, including the application of the interactive video disk technology in the system.

Rod Tul loss has two programs avai 1able: 1) TAXON wi11 , given specific or subspeci f ic epithet or a syllable from such an epithet, find all occurrences of that epithet (masculine, feminine, or neuter endings; capitalized or not) in a dataset. This has been implemented to search for previous applications of epithets. The program wi11 a1 so provide information on type locality (where known to the constructor of the data files). The program is implemented in UNIX (Trademark of Bell Laboratories) shell on an IBM PC XT running PCIIX. I will charge a nominal amount per floppy disk copy depending upon whether or not the inquirer supplies hislher own floppies, and 2) AMANITA.EXPERT is implemented in Univ. of New South Wales PROLOG under UNIX and makes use of the UNIX shell in part. If you're interesting in a listing, a copy on tape, or more detail about the implementation, make inquiry. The project was developed by me whi le teaching mysel f PROLOG in my job at AT&T Technologies, Engineering Research Center, Princeton, NJ. A formal release from AT&T may be necessary before the material can be shared in full.

MSA PLACEMENT SERVICE The Society's placement service has been established and is operating well to the extent that it has been used. Only ten people have placed material on file for seven positions that have been listed with the service. Prospective employers have been provided with the records of appropriate candidates. In some cases we have not been able to recommend suitable candidates for the position listed. Persons seeking placement have been sent job descriptions that fit their qualifications. For Dur placement service to be effective, we need many more records on file. There must be more than ten people who are looking for jobs at the present time! All members of the MSA need to assist in getting potential employers to list positions with our service. With more positions and candidates listed, the service should be valuable to all concerned. EMPLOYER DATA FORM MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF mRICA PLACEMENT SERVICE Please type or print all entries clearly. 1. Record Number: (leave blank) 2. Organization Name: 3. Position Title: 4. Interests. Circle letters from the following: A. Morphology B. Taxonomy C. Physiology D. Cytology E. Biochemistry F. Cell Biology G. Genetics H. Ecology I. Molecular Biology J. Pathology K. Mycorrhizae L. Medical M. Development N,O = other 5. Fungal Group. Circle one or more letters from list: A. Mycetozoa B. Zoosporic Fungi C. Zygomycetes D. Ascomycetes E. Basidiomycetes F. Deuteromycetes G. Trichomycetes H. Pathogenic Fungi I. General

J,K,L,M,N,O = other 6. Degree or Training Desired: 7. Skills Desired. Circle one or more from list: A. Teaching B. Research C. Administration D. Public Service E. Curatorial

E-K = other. Please specify. Terms Appointment: 9. Closing Date: 10. Contact Person: 11. Dept. or Organization:

12. University or Company : 13. Street:

14. City: State Province : 16. Zip or Postal: 17. Country: 17. Telephone Contact:

Return to: Dr. M. S. Fuller. MSA Placement. Dept. of Botany. University of Georgia. Athens, GA 30602. EMPLOYEE DATA FORM MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA PLACEMENT SERVICE

Please type or print all entries clearly.

, 1. Record Number : (leave blank) 2. Name: last first initial 3. Department or Organization: - - 4. University or Street: ----- 5. City:

6. State or Province (abbrev.) : - 7. Zip or Postal Code: - 8. Country (abbrev. if >10 characters): - 9. Phone Number: 10. .Degree 1 (M.S. or B.s./B.A.) , Year, Professor, Institution:

11. Degree 2 (Ph.D.), Year, Professor, Institution:

12. Postdoctoral experience. Year, Professor, Institution:

13. Interests. Circle letters from the following: A. Morphology B. Taxonomy C. Physiology D. Cytology E. Biochemistry F. Cell Biology G. Genetics H. Ecology I. Molecular Biology J. Pathology K. Mycorrhizae L. Medical M. Development N,O = other 14. Organisms of interest. Circle one or more letters from list: . . A. Mycetozoa B. Zoospor ic Fungi C. ~ygomycetes D. Ascomycetes E. Basidiomycetes F. Deuteromycetes G. Trichomycetes H. Pathogenic Fungi I. General 15. Job preference. Circle one or more letters from list: A. Industry B. Univ. teaching C. Univ. research D. Both B and C E. Governnent F. Curatorial G. Other than above Order of preference in above by letter: ---- - 16-22. Narrative about job applicant. Use this space to write anything you would like to have submitted with our report to a potential employer. Write in the third person. This is the only place where you can enter special experience. You have seven lines, each with 65 characters including spaces and punctuation. You nay hyphenate at the end of a line if it saves you space. Count the number of characters per line or print on graph paper in a rectangle 7 squares by 65 squares. The print out will read as text if you follow these directions. Program will not underline. Send completed form to: Dr. Melvin S. Fuller MSA Placement Service Department of Botany University of Georgia Athens, GA, 30602 USA 5 0 TRAVELS AND VISITS

JEAN R. BOISE joined the 8riti sh Yycological Society in their annual Upland Foray, this year at Bettyhill, Sutherland on the northern shore of Scotland. Then, back at Kew she visited the Royal Botanic Gardens and Commonwealth rlycol ogical Institute.

Teresita I. Iturriaga lists the following visitors to her lab in 1984: AMY ROSSMAN in February, ROY HALLING in February, and GARY SAMUELS in April.

ALVIN L. ROGERS is on sabbatical leave (3120-8120185) working in the laboratory of G. T. Cole on immunology of the cell wall of Candida albicans (with G. T. Cole) and on gastrointestinal and systemic candidosis in the infant mouse (with G. T. Cole and Pope).

DAN ROYCE and LEE SCHISLER from Penn State were guests of Orson K. Miller, Rytas Vilgalys, and Tim Flynn and addressed the conference on cultivating Shiitake held on May 4th at the Donaldson Brown Conference Center at Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University.

A. L. J. COLE, Department of Botany, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, visited with Gareth Morgan-Jones at Auburn University, April 4-9 and presented a seminar entitled "Mycology and plant pathology in the Antipodes."

FLORENCE H. NISHIDA participated in Fall 1984 Project Flora Amazonica. She collected fungi in Acu, Brasil , and will be returning to Brazil in August-September 1985 to visit herbaria, collect fungi in the Alantic forest and Northeast.

TOMIAR TOKITA, Aseptic Cultivation Research Center of Japan, stopped by for two days to acquire a list of live cultures to take back to Japan.

JAMES M. TRAPPE and SHANNON BERCH visited Y. G. Mukerji of Delhi University, India, March 29. Trappe visited David Pegler, Derek Reid, and Bryan Spooner, Royal Botanic Gardens, Yew, on March 23; and Tom Alexander, University of Marburg, Germany, March 30-April 1.

ALFRED0 YUNOZ has extended his postdoctoral study at the University of Vermont.

MIKE IVORY from University of Oxford visited Mike Wingfield during November to survey pine diseases, particularly needle diseases.

DAVE JENKENS presented a seminar on the genus Amanita to the Botany Faculty of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Spring Quarter, 1985.

Visitors to INIREB in 1984 were A. L. WELDEN in July; and H. C. EVANS from the Commonwealth Mycologic Institute at Kew in November. Biologist DANIEL MARTINEZ from IVIREB visited the lab of S.-T. Chang in Hong Kong in August 1984.

SCOTT REDHEAD attended the second International Symposi urn on Arctic and A1 pine Mycology at Ftan, Switzerland and the Symposium on the Tricholomataceae held in Borgotaro, Italy last fa1 1 . Papers were presented on arctic-a1 pine basidiol ichens and on Crinipell is in Canada. Visitors to the Mycology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, National Fungus Coll ections, Be1 tsville, MD, during the 1ast six months included: Rot4 PETERSEN, University of Tennessee; CHARLES HODGES, USDA-FS, temporarily in Washington, DC; MARIA MARGANTA LEON, Bogota, Colombia; UDORU IJNAHAWUTHI, Bangkok, Thailand; and BEATRICE ANYANGO, Nairobi, Kenya.

To learn current freeze substitution and associated techniques for electron microscopy, JANELLE CURLIN and WALTER J. SUNDBERG worked with Kerry O'Donnell and David McLaughlin at the University of Minnesota for two weeks in March.

ROYALL T. MOORE spent an Autumn term (1984) in Gerlind Eger-Hummel's Laboratory in Marburg. MELVIN S. FULLER spent May and June working with Dr. Kenneth Sederhall at the Institute of Physiological Botany in Uppsal a, Sweden.

Visitors to the Farlow Reference Library were: ZUEI-CHIVG CHEN, National University, Taipei; CHRISTINE YANVILLE, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia; YICHAEL VINCENT, Miami IJni versi ty, Ohio; and SHIMON TZAHAS, London.

GERARD C. ADAMS travel led to Kibale Rainforest Preserve near Fort Portal, Uganda, to diagnose the cause of high tree mortality.

YICHAEL F. DOYLE visited the following areas and institutions in Hawaii during late Maylearly June, 1985: Hawaii Volcano National Park, The Sishop Yuseum (Honolulu), George Wong's laboratory at the University of Hawai i at ~anoa, and the Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden (Kawai ) .

ASSISTANTSHIPS AND FELLOWSHIPS AVAILABLE

University of Texas: Research Assistantships in mycology. Contact Dr. G. T. Cole, Department of Botany, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712.

Kansas State University: Assistantship for Y.S. or Ph.D. students to work on population genetics of Fusarium monil iforme from corn and sorghum in Kansas. Contact Dr. John F. Leslie, Dept. of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, YS 66506. Phone: (913) 532-6176.

Uni versi ty of Vermont: Teaching and/or Research Fellowshi ps, stipend ca. $6,000112 mo., tuition remission. Contact Dr. Robert C. Ullrich, Dept. of Botany, Life Science Building, Univ. of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405. Phone: (802) 656-2930.

Brigham Young University: Teaching Assistantships. Contact Darrell Weber, Department of Botany, Rrigham Young University, Provo, IJT 84602. Phone: (801) 378-2237.

National University of Singapore: Research Schol arshi ps for outstanding university graduates for research leading to a master's or doctoral degree in various disciplines at the University. Scholarships are tenable for one year in the first year and, subject to sati sfactory progress, renewable annual ly for another two years. The Schol arshi ps carry monthly emoluments ranging from S$800 to $1,100 (US$1.00 = S82.13 approximately); actual emolument is determined on the candidate's qualifications and experience. Applications are invited twice a year, in August and February and dead1 ines are October 31 and April 30 respecti vely. Appl ication forms may be obtained from: The Registrar, National Yni versi ty of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 0511, Republic of Singapore, and they should be sent to Dr. G. Lim, Botany Department, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 0511, Republ ic of Singapore.

Southern Ill inoi s University: Doctoral Fellowship, for 1986-1987, with $8,500 stipend plus tuition waiver for each of 3 years (Universi ty-wide competi tion, 5 available). A1 so Teaching 4ssi stantship (avail able on Departmental competitive basis) for Y.A. or Ph.0. aspirant in SYSTEMATIC MYCOLOGY. Duties of Gen. Biology, Gen. Botany andlor Forest Pathology. Write W. J. Sundberg, Dept. of Botany, SIU, Carbondale, IL 62901.

University of A1 aska: Assistantships avail able in FUNGAL PHSIOLOGY, DISEASE ASSESSMENT, etc. Contact Dr. Jenifer Huang YcBeath, Agricultural & Forestry Experiment Station, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99701. VACANCIES FOR MYCOLOGISTS

The Northern Regional Research Center (USDA) seeks the following:

1. An individual with a Ph.D. degree and research experience in insect-microbe interactions for a RESEARCH SCIENTIST (Insect-Microbial Ecologist) position (GS-11/12 [$25,489 to $39,7111). The individual wi 11 be responsible for conducting research involving the interactions of insects and toxigenic fungi in cereal agrocosystems. The research will examine the role of seed-infesting fungi and their secondary metabolites as these influence insect behavior and population dynamics. Specific emphasis will be given to mechanisms of insect resistance to fungal toxins. Knowedge of and experience in insect chemical ecology, insect digestive physiol ogylgut microbiology, or natural products chemistry will be factors in selecting the successful candidate. Send resume to: D. T. Wicklow, Insect/Microbi a1 Ecologist Search Committee, Northern Regional Research Center, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604.

2. An individual with a Ph.D. degree and research experience in correlative ~nicroscopic and histochemi cal studies of the fungal infection process, for a POSTDOCTORAL SCIENTIST (Plant Pathologist) position not to exceed 4 years, in the Vycotoxins in Agricultural Systems Research group, Fermentation Laboratory (GS 11/12 [$25,489 to $39,7111). The individual will be responsible for conducting research involving the process of fungal infection and role of extracell ular fungal enzymes and pathotoxins in the histopathol ogy of common ear and kernel rotting molds. Knowledge of and experience in transmission electron microscopy, cytochemistry, and the biochemical basis of host-parasi te interactions wi 11 be factors selecting the successful candidate. Send resume to: 0. T. Wick1 ow, Northern Regional Research Center, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL 61604.

3. SIOLOGICAL TECHNICIAN (Fungal Ecol ogy/Pl ant Path01ogy) for a position in the Mycotoxins in Agricultural Systems Research Group (GS 517 [$14,390 to $17,8243). Send brief resume to D. T. Wicklow, Northern Regional Research Center, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, and submit both a Personal Qualification Statement (U.S. Govt. Form SF-171) and a copy of college transcripts to Office of Personnel Yanagement, Chicago Area Office, Rm. 1402, 55 E. Jackson, Chicago, IL 60604.

Monterey Mushrooms, Inc. is seeking to fill an ENTRY-LEVEL PH.D. POSITION with the incumbent expected to work as part of an interdisciplinary research team on new and innovative projects related to yield and qual ity. They are looking for individuals who are strongly motivated, innovative and have leadership capabi 1 ity coupled with the ability to work with others. Monterey Yushrooms, Inc. (an Amfac Company) is a national firm based in Santa Cruz, California, special izing in production and sale of high qual ity, edible mushrooms (Agaricus -bi sporus). A new 5,500 square foot research faci 1 ity was completed near Watsonvill e, California in March of 1985. The successful candidate must demonstrate the ability to investigate aspects of physiological , genetic, or path01 ogical problems in fungal systems, with an organismal orientation. This scientist will be responsible for research in the areas of mushroom growth, reproduction, and qual ity. Know1 edge of nutritional supplements and composti ng science is he1 pul . The company offers growth potential, competitive salaries and a full benefit package including re1ocati on expense reimbursement. Send your resume or curricul um vitae with three references to: Dr. Perry Yulleavy, Monterey Mushrooms, Inc., Mushroom Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 189, Watsonville, CA 95077.

SOYBEAN PLANT PATHOLOGIST (Yycol ogist)--i n connection with the Zambia Agricultural Research and Extension (ZAMARE) project. Non-tenure track position at the Assistant Professor rank with the University of Illinois, dealing with fungal diseases of soybean and other field crops near Lusaka, capital of Zambia. For information, contact J. B. Sinclair, Dept. of Plant Pathology, University of Illinois, 1102 South Goodwin, Urbana, IL 61801. POSITIONS WANTED

PETER R. SECKJORU is seeking employment in forestrylmycorrhi zal research (see Changes of Address).

JEYSON DANIEL is interested in a position in a Vycology or Plant Pathology lab. Ph.D. Mycology (Agaricales) , Y.Sc. (Ag.) in Plant Pathology. Experienced in Plant Pathology and Mycology lab methods (see Changes of Address).

R. K. S. YUSHWAHA is searching for a post-doctoral research fellowshi? for 10-12 months. Y.S. and Ph.0. with S. C. Agrawal ; taxo-ecology of keratinophil ic and copropilous fungi.

FRED RHOADES is seeki ng a position in Yycol ogylGenera1 BiologylSotany undergraduate teachi ng. 4vailable Fall, 1985. Ph.D., 1978, llniversity of Oregon, under George Carroll. Considerable teaching experience for the 1ast eight years. Research interests: population biology of 1ichens and 1i tter-decomposing basidiornycetes.

BRY3EN JONES seeks a position in Forest Insect Pathology. He will receive his M.Sc. in January 1986 under W. S. Kendrick and his research interests are fungi and biocontrol. His address is the nepartment of Biology, University of Waterloo, Water1 00, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1.

GEORGE P. CHAMURIS seeks a research andlor academic post in Mycology. Ph.D. 1985. With a speci a1 ty in Wood-decay Basidiornycetes; he has broad biological training and faculty training.

SHOW THE GROWTH OF MUSHROOMS IN YOUR CLASSROOM

Our Mushroom MiniFarms arrive mature and ready to produce their first of several crops of edible mushrooms. Reliable and guaranteed, each MiniFarm comes complete with simple instructions. These "kits" provide a fascinating demonstration of reproduction in the higher basidiomycetes.By using several MiniFarms simultaneously, it is also possible to illustrate phototropism, geotropism, atmospheric control of basidiocarp morphology, mass sporulation, and many other phenomena (including the culinary abilities of the instructor! J The following varieties are presently available: Shiitake (Lentinus edodes), Tree-Oyster (Pleurotus ostreatus ).

Price: 516.95 each, ppd.; substantial discount for full cases. Please order well in advance. Specify desired week of arrival and date of class demonstration. Thank you! FAR WEST FUNGI PO Box 1333 ( M Goleta, CA 931 16

Your support of this business aids and abets a graduate student in mycology. 5 4 CHANGES OF AFFILIATION OR ST9TUS

SHANNON M. BERCH will continue work on mycorrhi zae when she takes up her position as assistant professor, Department of Soil Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada on September 1, 1985.

JEAN R. BOISE, having completed her Yuseum Internship at New York, will move to Farlow Herbarium to work with Don Pfister on the Early Mycological Literature Project.

THOYAS E. CHASE will be joining Jim Van Etten's laboratory in the Dept. of Plant Pathology at the University of Nebraska, in Lincoln, NE, at the end of August to work on viruses that infect Chlorell a--1 ike Algae.

LINDA Y. YOHN will assume an assistant professorship in the Botany Department, University of Toronto, Erindale College as a NSERC University Research Fellow on July 1, 1985.

SANDRA NEEDHAM, was recently appointed Curator of the Canadian Culture Collection of Fungi and Non-medical Bacteria, housed at the Biosystematics Research Institute, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa. This is a new position in the Yycology Section. Previously, the position of Curator was a part-time responsibility for one of the B.R.I. mycologists.

GREGORY M. MUELLER has accepted a position as Assistant Curator of Botany (Mycology) at the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago beginning August 1, 1985.

ZAMIR K. PUNJA, formerly visiting assistant professor, Dept. of Plant Pathology, North Carol ina State University, Raleigh, is now a Research Scientist with the Campbell Soup Company, Davis, CA.

WAYNE LANIER is now Research Director at Siosis, a biological pest control company. Qiosis research projects are aimed at developing new biorational pest-control agents; emphasis is on the use of organisms already present in the soil, rather than "engineering" novel strains. See Funqi Wanted for more.

LINDA J. SPIELMAN is now a Research Associate, Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York.

J. PRESTON ALEXANDER is now at the University of Oregon Health Sciences Center in Portland; he also maintains a workspace at Portland State University.

HAROLD J. LARSEN moved to western Colorado as of 4pri.l 1, 1985, to become the orchard tree and fruit path01 ogist for Colorado State University and the Department of Horticulture.

GERARD C. 4DAYS joined Michigan State University as an Assistant Professor in the Department Botany and Plant Path01ogy in September 1984.

MICHAEL F. DOYLE will begin study for Ph.D. degree at Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden in September, 1985.

WANG YUN will be returning to China at the end of July 1985 where he will begin work on hypogeous fungi in China.

HELP THE EDITOR (PLEASE). IN ORDER TO INCREASE OUR EFFECTIVENESS IN PREPARING THE NEWSLETTER, I ENCOURAGE OUR READERS TO CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING POINTS WHEN PREPARING MATERIAL FOR SUBMISSION TO THE EDITOR ON THE NEWSLETTER QUESTIONNIARE: (A) WRITE NEATLY AND CLEARLY (PLEASE), (B) USE PREVIOUS ISSUES ASA GUIDE TO FORMAT, CONTENT, AND DEPTH, AND (C) MAIL THE QUESTIONNAIRE WITH SUFFICIENT TIME TO REACH THE EDITOR BY THE DEADINE (MANYARE CURRENTLY ARRIVING 5-/2 DAYS AFTER THE DEADLINE) . 55 PAPERS, SEMINARS, SYMPOSIA, AND WORKSHOPS

KARL LEO BRAUN JR. made a film and slide presentation on the Myxomycetes, on Varch 21, to the Glen Helen Association, Yellow Springs, Ohio.

The mycological group at INIREB and in related institutions (Univ. of Yorelos, Ilniv. of Guadalajara, Univ. of Baja--CA, and Univ. of Metropol itana) has 16 young mycologists working on the mycoflora of Mexico. In two years they have pub1 ished 25 papers.

CLETUS P. KURTZMAN gave a seminar on "Molecular Taxonomy of the Fungi" and visited at the Plant Pathology Dept., University of Illinois at Urbana, in February 1985.

ORSON Y. YILLER JR. presented a lecture on "The Fungi of Western Australia" to the New York Mycol ogical Society in March.

ROYALL T. MOORE presented a paper entitled "Neohaplont analysis of the basidiomycete anamorph ~ntrom~co~sis broussonetiae" to the annual veeti ng of the Irish ~otanists,-queens llniv., Belfast, Ireland on April 3, 1985.

Sir EDWARD ABRAHAM presented a lecture on "Historical Aspects of Penicillins and Cephalosporins", at the University of Wisconsin on May 8.

FREDERICK W. SPIEGEL presented seminars at Ohio IJni versi ty, University of Southwestern Louisiana, and Louisiana State University this past year.

STEVEN L. STEPHENSOI4 gave a seminar "Myxomycete Ecology" to the Department of Plant Pathology, West Virginia University on March 20, 1985.

JAMES !4. TRAPPE presented "Ectomycorrhizae of Leucaena and Cajanus" workshop on biological nitrogen fixation, Indo-U.S. Science & Techno1 ogy Initiative Program, New Del hi, on March 27; and "Ecological interactions of fungi, mammals and trees" at the University of Yarburg, Germany, April 1.

RORERT C. ULLRICH presented a paper "Transforming Sasidiomycetes" at the April 13-19 UCLA Symposium on Molecul ar Biology of Filamentous Fungi.

LUNG-CHI NU, presented an invited seminar on the biology of cultivated mushrooms at the University of Toledo, Department of Biology, February 22. He also led a round table discussion on current research on developmental biology of higher fungi prior to the seminar.

C. W. HESSELTINE presented a symposium paper entitled "Fermented Foods" at the American Oil Chemists' Society meeting May 6 in Philadelphia, PA. This was one of four papers devoted to vegetable proteins. He will a1 so present the keynote address "Global Significance of Yycotoxins" at the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry meeting July 23 in Pretoria, South Africa.

GERALDINE C. KAYE presented a paper "J. B. Ellis, Pioneer ~lycologist"at the Northeastern Mycologists' spring meeting at the New York State Museum, Albany, NY on April 20.

DONALD H. PFISTEK presented "Mycology Universities and 19th Century Science" to the New England Mycol ogi sts.

A. L. J. COLE presented a seminar entitled "Mycology and Plant Pathology in the Antipodes" to the Deparatment of Botany at Auburn University.

A MUSHRUMMAGE SALE - A KERBARIUM CLEAN OUT HONORS, AWARDS, AND PROMOTIONS

LINDA M. YOHN was awarded one of fifty University Research Fellowships by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.

P. K. DUBLISH was elected Fellow of the Indian Phytopathological Society.

TIM BEGAN was given the Voigt Natural History of Plants Award from Southern Illinois University in Carbondal e.

EVERETT S. BENEKE received the President's Certificate of Appreciation presented by the Medical Mycological Society of the Americas in recognition .of outstanding support and commitment to the organization at the annual YMSA banquet on March 2, 1985.

JAMES F. WHITE, JR. received a Sigma Xi research award, and has been advanced to candidacy for the Ph.D. degree in mycology under Dr. G. T. Cole's supervision.

ANDREW S. METHVEN and MICHAEL DOYLE have been nominated for the Honor Society of Phi Kappa Phi.

STEPHEN A. REHNER received grants from Sigma Xi, University of Washington Graduate School , and NSF (Dissertation Improvement Grant) in support of dissertation research. He was also the recipient of The 1985 Student Award from the Puget Sound Mycological Society.

IRA F. SALKIN was recently promoted from Research Scientist IV (G-27) to Research Scientist V (6-31). He was a1 so selected to serve as representative of the Medical Yycological Society of the Americas to the Mycological Society of America.

CARROLL W. DODGE was awarded a medal for "Meritorious Contributions to bledical Mycology" by the Medical Mycological Society of the Americas on March 2, 1985.

ING. BENJAMIN AGUILAR of the Inst. Politecnico Nacional at Mexico City is the President of the Mexican Society of Mycology (1985-1986). G. GUZMAN continues as the President of the Editorial Board.

BRYCE KENDRICK has been appointed Associate Dean of Graduate Studies at the University of Waterloo, and has also been appointed Honorary Secretary of The Academy of Science of The Royal Society of Canada. He informs us that he accepted these two appointments only because he now has a full-time secretary!!

CHRISTOPHER BEST was given the Best Student Paper Award by the Rotany Section at the Illinois State Academy of Science annual meeting in April for his presentation on mycorrhizal root frequency in acid and non-acid revegetated strip mine spoils.

KENNETH B. RAPER was elected Honorary Member of the British Mycological Society in Autumn of 1984.

JOHN S. KARLING, former Head of the Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University and John Wright Distinguished Research Professor of Bi 01 ogy, Emeritus, has been elected a Fellow of The Royal Society of Arts, London. A special Yarling Distinguished Lectureship in biology has been established in his honor at Purdue University.

TERRENCE M. HAMMILL received the SUNY Chancellor's Award for Excellence in Teaching in May 1985.

MOSELIO SCHAECHTER, president of FRIENDS of the FARLOW and Bulletin Editor for the Boston ~ycologicalClub, has added to his collection of titles that of President of the American Society of Microbiology for 1985. We expect him to raise the mycological consciousness of the 34,000 members of ASM! 57 MICHAEL F. DOYLE was awarded the first American Society of Plant Taxonomists Graduate Student Herbarium Travel Grant to enhance his work on a preliminary agaric flora of the Hawaiian Is1ands.

PERSONAL NEWS

EUGENE W. SMITH, who was a first time grandfather as of February 1985, will be retiring from teaching in June 1985.

DAVE MINTER announces the birth of William John Ynox 'Yinter on November 19, 1984.

SCOTT and JUDY REDHEAD are happy to announce the adoption of their third child, Ramona, age 2, maki ng 1ife busy indeed.

Sarah Emily Spiegel was born to CHRISTIE and FRED SPIEGEL on April 18, 1985.

ROBERT and ANGELA BELT of Albany, C4, announce the birth of their second son, David Andrew, on May 2, 1985.

We regret to report the following death:

NORYA L. CASHION was involved in a fatal auto accident in Mexico City on December 15, 1984. A native of South Carol ina, she received her undergraduate degree from Furman University and her graduate degrees from the University of Georgia. In 1983, Dr. Cashion received her Ph.D. from the Department of Plant Pathology under the direction of E. S. Luttrell. After graduation she joined the wheat improvement program at CIMMYT, and had recently been transferred to the corn improvement program.

ASSOCIATIONS AND CLUBS

These enthusiastic groups form grassroots types of mycological organizations which provide education, enjoyment, edification, and edibles for many. A number of these groups are affiliated with the MSA (see page 61); this involves joining the Society on the same terms as a Personal Member, i.e., dues of $25.00, and receipt of MYCOLOGIA and the semi-annual MSA NEWSLETTER.

THE ROSTON MYCOLOGICAL CLUB has just printed a Frequency of Occurence Study for 250 species of fungi. This work, which covers the New England area and represents data obtained during the 17-week annual collecting season over a period of 20 years, consists of 24 pages of text and 250 graphs. Each graph illustrates the frequency of a single species on a week by week basis. Price: $4.00, postaged included. Write to: Ron Trial, 98 Pembroke Street, Boston, MA 02118.

Several clubs, including the SAN FRANCISCO MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY, are currently enhancing the dialogue, both pro and con, on the subject of hunting wild mushrooms for commercial preparation and/or sale. , Ecological impact, potenti a1 health and/or safety regulation by governmental agencies, and licensing (for commercial purposes) of wild mushroom pickers are some of the issues currently bei ng addressed by individuals, clubs, and government.

A MUSHRHOMB - AN EQUILATERAL MUSHROOM 5 8 NOTES AND COMMENTS

ON ANNOTATING SPECIMENS

Amy Y. Rossman offers the following comments and suggestions on the proper annotation of herbarium specimens. Whenever a borrowed specimen is examined microscopically, it should be annotated. This is particularly true of the type specimens which are partially destroyed in the process of microscopic examination; each worker has thi s obl igation to future mycol ogists. (The micros1ide of type material must be returned with the specimen!)

1. Write your evaluation of the materi a1 on special annotation slips or small pieces of paper, preferably paper with a high rag content. This slip will be permanently included with the specimen. 2. WRITE LEGIBLY! If your annotation is not legible or is so cryptically abbreviated that no one can crack the code, your words are worthless. 3. Use a pen with permanent ink or pencil . 4. Write the specimen number or note something about the specimen on the annotation slip so that if separated, the specimen and slip can be reunited. 5. Place the annotation slip inside the packet or attach it to the packet with a paper clip. Do not glue the slip to the packet or sheet.

A FOREIGN VISITOR AWARD

P. K. Dub1 ish informs us that every year, one MSA member outside the IJSA will be selected to visit various laboratories in America at the expense of the Indian Phytopathological Society. Duration of the visits are yet to be decided, and funding source(s) are currently bei ng devel oped.

SUMMARY--YID-ATLANTIC STATES MYCOLOGY CONFERENCE

The Mid-At1 antic States Yycol ogy Conference was held at George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia May 4-5. Thirty mycologists from the region met for a day of contributed papers followed by a foray. The featured speaker was Amy Rossman from the Mycology Laboratory of the Agricultural Research Service at Beltsville, MD. She spoke on her recent Smithsonian Institution-sponsored trip to study microfungi in tropical southern Venezuela. The 1986 conference is scheduled for Yay. See Calendar for more.

SPECIMENS TEMPORARILY UNAVAILABLE

During the installation of compactors, 15 April 1985 to about 31 March 1986, the Mycological and Vascular Plant Herbaria of the Biosystematics Research Institute, Agriculture Canada (DAO, DAOM) specimens will be moved into storage and will not be available for consul tation. For further information contact: J. A. Parmelee, Curator, Yycol ogical Herbarium, or W. J. Cody, Curator, Vascular Plant Herbarium.

HELP, PLEASE

Don Prusso, has specimens collected by Gilman Waldee, J. H. Standen, and G. R. Swank from 1936-1938 in "North Woods". He would appreciate hearing from someone who has knowledge of the location of "North Woods".

To grace the walls of his lab, Terry W. Hill is interested in obtaining a picture of Anton de Bary or, if no originals can be found, any information on where such a picture may be available (perhaps as a frontispiece?) for making a photographic copy. See Changes of Address. J. Preston Alexander would like to know of attempts and results of efforts to culture the following: Ramaria botrytis, Calvatia gigantea, Sparassis radicata, and Herecium abietes. He would also like any information on the toxicity of Ygaricus subrufescens.

From Oavid Minter: "I'm fascinated by an intriguing social phenomenon: in the U. Y. many gardens ha= plastic gnomes in them, sitting on 1ittle plastic toadstools. Stan Hughes (pers. comm. i .e., over coffee one day at CMI!) tells me that in North America there are 1ittle plastic jockeys in gardens, not gnomes!! What I want to know is this: do North American plastic garden jockeys sit on toadstools too? Come on, American readers, rally round, and find me the answer!"

HOW TO MAKE DRIED CllLTURES

Several articles have been pub1 ished on how to make dried cultures. 411 require specially manufactured boxes or slide containers. Amy Y. Rossman suggests this handy way to make dried cultures from materials always present in the laboratory. Cut one or two strips of agar with the fungus from a Petri plate to a size that will fit in the slide compartment of a single or a double slide mailer. Glue the strips into the mailer using water-soluble glue such as herbarium or Elmer's glue and let it dry. If the agar is thick, you may need to prop the lid of the mailer open until the agar dries down. Recause agar is mostly water it always dries very thin thus allowing you to close the cover of the slide mailer and protect any delicate structures that protrude above the surface of the agar. I routinely make dried cultures of isolates derived from single ascospores or those that are currently sporulating but may change with time and transferring. Dried cultures should be made as vouchers for future identification. Dried specimens are required for types of species; thus, even if a fungus is known primarily as a living culture, a dried culture must be deposited as a type specimen.

A SINGLE SPORE ISOLATION TECHNIgUE

For those struggling with single-spore isolations, Amy Y. Rossman offers the following advice. Rehydrate the specimen with sterile water (usually only a minute or two is necessary). Pick off pereithecia or other fungal material and place in a drop of sterile water in a hanging drop slide that has been sterilized. I keep hanging drop slides in a jar of alcohol and flame them as needed. Smush (love that description--ed.) the fungal material thoroughly in the drop of water with a not-so-fine needle so that the spores are outside the asci, separated from each other, and floating freely around in the water. Knock the drop of water from the slide onto a plate of agar (I use CMD + antibiotics). Smear the drop around with the flamed rounded end of a testube. Don't bother to smear them to the edges of the Petri plate; picking spores from that area is difficult. The next day look for germinated spores with the 50x lens of the dissecting microscope using transmitted light. Pick off single and/or mass germinated spores with an insect pin inserted into a needle holder and transfer them to agar plates with routinely-used media. I always make a slide with 4-6 germinated spores in order to make sure that the germinated spores are those I want.

FRIENDS OF THE FARLOW WANT YOU!

The Library and Herbarium of the Farlow, at Harvard University, house one of the world's most complete collections of materials related to systematic mycology (and 1ichenology, bryology, and phycology as we1 1). FRIENDS of the FARLOW is an international group of amateur and professional botanists concerned with supporting the programs and resources of the Farlow. Members receive a discount on Farlow publications, participate in book sales and other events, have speci a1 rates for photocopies of 1i brary materi a1 s, and receive a semiannual News1 etter. Yembership categories are: Associate member, $5-815; Full member, $25; Sponsor, $50-1000; 60 Benefactor, over $1000. Contributions are tax-deductible. For more information please contact Farlow Reference Library & Herbaruim of Cryptogamic Botany, Harvard University, 20 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138. Phone: (617) 495-2368.

CHANGES OF ADDRESS FOR RESPONDENCE

The following individuals have moved or changed address since the printing of the 1984 YSA Directory and are requesting response to an announcement with this issue of the MSA Newsletter. Please make these changes in your Directory as they will not appear in future Newsletter issues.

Gerard C. Adams, Dept. of Botany & Plant Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824. J. Preston Alexander, Rt. 1, Box 158, Forest Grove, OR 97116. Feter R. Reckjord, Dept. of Horticulture, University of Maryland, College Park, YD 20742. David Bermudes, Boston University, Dept. of Biology, 2 Cumrnington St., Boston, MA 02215. Richard L. Slanton, Dept. of Botany, Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX 78713. Jean R. Boise, Farlow Herbarium, Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA 02138. Michael Caste1 1ano, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Corval 1is, OR 97331. Benjamin H. Davis, Rldg. 25, Apt. 6, Quails Run Blvd., Englewood, FL 33533. -Kent Diebol t, 48-D Plant Science Rldg., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853. -Michael F. Doyle (after September 1, 1985), Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, 1500 North College Avenue, Cl aremont , CA 91771. Terry W. Hill, Dept. of Biology, Rhodes College, 2000 North Parkway, Memphis, TN 38112. Teresi ta Iturriaga, Apartado 62018, Caracas-Venezuel a. Richard W. Yerrigan, Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106. Linda M. Kohn, Dept. of Botany, Univ. of Toronto, Erindale College, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6. Canada. Hananya J. Kronenberg, 1418 NW 179th St., Ridgefield, WA 98642. -Harold J. Larsen, Orchard Mesa Research Center, 3168 0-112 Road, Grand Junction, CO 81501. John F. Lesl ie, Dept . of Pl ant Path01ogy, Kansas State Uni versi ty, Throckmorton Hal 1 , Manhattan, KS 66506. John M. YcPartland, 4800 S. Lake Park #1701A, Chicago, IL 60615. Gregory Mueller (after August 1, 1985), Dept. of Rotany, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605-2496. Machiel E. Woordeloos, Rijksherbarium, Schelpenkade 6, P. 0. Box 9514, NL 2300 RA, Leiden, Nether1ands. -Stephen L. Peele, Curator, Florida Vycology Research Center, P. 0. Box 8104, Pensacola, FL 32505. Jacques Pfister, Uni versi te de Lausanrie, Institut de botanique systematique, Ratiment de Biologie, CH - 1015, Lausanne, Switzerl and. Zamir K. Punja, Campbell Institute for Research and Technology, Sox 1314, Route 1, Davis, CA 95616. -Elmer L. Schmidt, Dept. of Forest Products, University of P!innesota, 2004 Folwell , St. Paul , MN 55108. Richard E. Scott, Division or Biochemistry, Dept. of Chemistry, Univ. of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4. After September 1985: Section of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905. Mark Spear, Sylvan Spawn Laboratory Inc., West Hi11 s Industrial Park, Kittanning, PA 16201. Linda J. Spielman, Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, State University of New York Coll ege of Envi ronmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210. Phone: (315) 470-6786. Wang Yun, Institute of Forestry & Soil Science, Academia Sinica, Shenyang, China (P.R.C.) . Wenying Zhuang, Dept. of Plant Pathology, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853. AFFILIATED SOCIETIES

The Boston Mycological Club, c/o E. H. Halliwell, 855 Commonwealth Avenue, Newton, MA 02159

Colorado Mycological Society, Joan L. Setz, Secretary, 501 Clermont Parkway, Denver, CO 80220

The Mycological Society of San Francisco, Steve Cochrane, President, P. 0. Box 11321, San Francisco, CA 94101

The North American Yycological Association,. Gary Lincoff, President, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458

The Ohio Mushroom Society, 288 E. North Avenue, East Palestine, OH 44413

Societe Mycologique de France, 36 Rue Geoffroy-Ste. Hilaire, Paris V, France

THE MYCOLOGICAL SOCETY OF AMERICA AppWcalion for Membersh4p

NAME: AREA OF INTEREST (check one) MAIUNG ADDRESS: Taxonomy-Morphology - Ecology-Pathology - Physiology-Biochemistry - Cytology-Genetics

ZIP CODE: TELEPHONE (include area code):

Date on which you wish your membership to begin: January 1,19 Signature of member endorsing your application:

DUES INFORMATION (check one) - Associate Member .... S 5.00 (Newsletter only) - Regular Member ...... $25.00 (Includes MYCOLOGIA and Newsletter) - Emeritus Member with MYCOLOGIA ...... $12.00 - Student Member ...... $12.00 (Maximum eligibility - Syears) - Affiliated Society ..... $25.00

Completed form and dues are to be sent to Dr, Amv Rossman. Treasurer. National Fungus Collections, %om 313. Bldg. 01 1A. 8ARC-West. Beltsville. MD 20705. PHONE: (301) 344.3366.

In the U.K. send payment to Dr. David Minter. CMI. Ferry Lane. Kew. Richmond. Surrev. TW9 3AF. # NONPROFIT ORG. WALTER J. SUNDBERG, EDITOR U.S. POSTAGE MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA NEWSLETTER PAID DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY PERMIT NO. 15 SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY CARBONDALE, IL CARBONDALE, ILLINOIS 62901 USA 4

ROGER GOOS : DEPTo OF BOTANY ' UNIV* OF RHOOE IS, KJNGSTON, RoI. 02881