Madagascar Location Geography
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Final Report
FINAL REPORT MADAGASCAR: Country Gender Profile February 2005 Consultants: Rakotoarison Bodolalao Angèle Rakotoarisoa Hajavonjiniaina The information presented here was gathered from on-site sources. And therefore JICA is not responsible for its accuracy. FINAL REPORT Country Gender Profile Madagascar February 2005 Japan International Cooperation Agency Consultants : Rakotoarison Bodolalao Angèle Rakotoarisoa Hajavonjiniaina 2 Gender Country Profile - Madagascar Table of Contents Madagascar LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS...................................................................................................................................... 4 1. BASIC PROFILE..................................................................................................................................................... 8 1-1 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE .................................................................................................................................. 8 1-2 HEALTH PROFILE................................................................................................................................................ 11 1-3 EDUCATION PROFILE.......................................................................................................................................... 12 2. GENERAL SITUATION OF WOMEN AND GOVERNMENT POLICY ON WID/GENDER.................... 14 2-1 GENERAL SITUATION OF WOMEN IN MADAGASCAR...................................................................................... 14 2.2 GOVERNMENT POLICY ON WID/GENDER -
Madagascar Case Study
CASE STUDY 7 Madagascar Case Study MAURITIUS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................................2 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................4 Background to Political Crisis in Madagascar ..................................................................................4 ITI Involvement in Madagascar ...........................................................................................................6 LESSONS LEARNT ............................................................................................................................................9 Building Trust ...........................................................................................................................................9 Ensuring Inclusion ................................................................................................................................10 Promoting Ownership .........................................................................................................................11 Accessing the Political Elite and Engaging with Stakeholders .....................................................12 Offering Technical and Capacity-Building Support .......................................................................13 Hosting Delegations in South Africa .................................................................................................14 -
SECURITY COUNCIL CONSEIL DE Seeuritb
UNITED NATIONS I NATIONS UNIES SECURITY COUNCIL OFFICIAL RECORDS FIFTEENTH YEAR th MEETING: 29 JUNE 1960 S70 Wi.e SEANCE: 29 JUIN 1960 QUINZIEME ANNEE CONSEIL DE SEeURITB DOCUMENTS OFFICIBLS NE W YORK TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Provisional agenda (S/Agenda/870) D I Adoption of the agenda .........................•...I Admission of new Members to the United Nations: Telegram dated 26 June 1960 from the President of the Malagasy Republic addressed to the Secretary-General (S/43 52/Rev.1, S/4353, S/4354, S/4358) ~ .................I If I TABLE DES MATIERES Ordre du jour provisoire (S/Agenda/870). ................I Adoption de I'ordre du jour. .........................I Admission de nouveaux Membres a.l'Organisation des Nations Unies: T~l~gramme, en date du 26 juin 1960, adress~ au Secr~taire g~n~ral par le Pr~sident de la R~pub1ique malgache (S/4352/ Rev.I, S/4353, S/4354, S/4358). ....................I S/PV.870 ( 15 p. ) EIGHT HUNDRED AND SEVENTIETH MEETING Held in New York, on Wednesday, 29 ,June 1960, at 3 p.m. HUIT CENT SOIXANTE..DIXIEME SEANCE Tenue aNew York, le mercredi 29 juin 1960, a 15 heures. - President: Mr. T. F. TSIANG (China). President: M. T. F. TSIANG (Chine). Present: The representatives ofthefollowing States: Presents: Les representants des Etats suivants: Argentina, Ceylon, China, Ecuador, France, Italy, Argentine, Ceylan, Chine, Equateur, Etats-Unis Poland, Tunisia, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, d'Amerique, France, Italie, Pologne, Royaume-Unide United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northen Ireland, Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord, Tunisie,Union United States of America. -
Country Codes and Currency Codes in Research Datasets Technical Report 2020-01
Country codes and currency codes in research datasets Technical Report 2020-01 Technical Report: version 1 Deutsche Bundesbank, Research Data and Service Centre Harald Stahl Deutsche Bundesbank Research Data and Service Centre 2 Abstract We describe the country and currency codes provided in research datasets. Keywords: country, currency, iso-3166, iso-4217 Technical Report: version 1 DOI: 10.12757/BBk.CountryCodes.01.01 Citation: Stahl, H. (2020). Country codes and currency codes in research datasets: Technical Report 2020-01 – Deutsche Bundesbank, Research Data and Service Centre. 3 Contents Special cases ......................................... 4 1 Appendix: Alpha code .................................. 6 1.1 Countries sorted by code . 6 1.2 Countries sorted by description . 11 1.3 Currencies sorted by code . 17 1.4 Currencies sorted by descriptio . 23 2 Appendix: previous numeric code ............................ 30 2.1 Countries numeric by code . 30 2.2 Countries by description . 35 Deutsche Bundesbank Research Data and Service Centre 4 Special cases From 2020 on research datasets shall provide ISO-3166 two-letter code. However, there are addi- tional codes beginning with ‘X’ that are requested by the European Commission for some statistics and the breakdown of countries may vary between datasets. For bank related data it is import- ant to have separate data for Guernsey, Jersey and Isle of Man, whereas researchers of the real economy have an interest in small territories like Ceuta and Melilla that are not always covered by ISO-3166. Countries that are treated differently in different statistics are described below. These are – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland – France – Spain – Former Yugoslavia – Serbia United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. -
The South African Institute of International Affairs
THE SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS Brief Report 10/91 A French possession since 1896, the island of Madagascar, the fourth largest in the world, acceded to autonomous statehood within the French Community in October 1958, as the Malagasy Republic. In May 1959 Philibert Tsiranana, leader of the Parti Social Democrate (PSD), became President. The country achieved full independence in June 1960. Universally famous for its oddities in the animal and plant kingdom - notably, the mouse lemurs, the smallest of all primates, and a dozen species of vanga shrikes - Madagascar has known conflict since its independence. Conflict between the coastal people (cotiers) and the traditional ruling group of the island, the Merina, underlies the islands recent political history. ECONOMIC DECLINE After 1967 the economy, based principally on agriculture, forestry, fishing and - more recently - mining, went into deep decline. Political opposition to the Government's alleged authoritarianism and subservience to the interests of metropolitan France, also mounted. The embattled President transferred power to the military, who initiated the "Malagasization" of industry and education, and strengthened ties with the more progressive mainland African states. The crisis deepened, following an attempted military coup in December 1974, the assassination of the new Head of State and the imposition of martial law in February 1975. In June 1975, Lt-Commander Didier Ratsiraka, a cotier (a group long-favoured by the French) and a former Minister of Foreign Affairs, became the new Head of State and Chairman of the Supreme Revolutionary Council (SRC). |an Smuts House P.O. Box 31596 University of the Witwatersrand Braamfontein Braamfontein Johannesburg 2017 South Africa Tel: 339-2021 Telex: 4-27291 SA Fax: 339-2154 In a referendum in December 1975, a new constitution won overwhelming approval from the voters. -
West Africa from Franco CFA to Eco: Economic Issues
ISSN: 2278-3369 International Journal of Advances in Management and Economics Available online at: www.managementjournal.info REVIEW ARTICLE West Africa from Franco CFA to Eco: Economic Issues Palumbo Vincenzo*, Villani Chiara Universita’ di Napoli Federico II Italy. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Abstract: Born 73 years ago, exactly on December 26, 1945, the day France ratified the Bretton Woods agreements, the CFA franc is the currency adopted by 14 African states and for years the subject of controversy at the local level as well as in France itself. For some months the debate has become international and now this often criticized currency will give way to a new common currency called Eco. Keywords: West Africa, Economic issue, Franco CFA. Article Received: 01 Jan 2021 Revised: 24 Jan 2021 Accepted: 15 Feb. 2021 Introduction First of all, we need to take a big step back in single and independent currency it finally time: It was December 1945 when a decree appears to them as a concrete step in the signed by General Charles de Gaulle actually instituted a currency. Thus was born the direction of real autonomy. But the reality is CFA franc, which at the time when Paris more complex and beyond ideological and ratified the Bretton Woods accords meant political positions there is an objective way in Franco of the French colonies of Africa. which it is possible to approach the issue: economic science. Thus a monetary union was born. The 14 nations that are part of it today are in fact CFA: Economic Technicisms between divided into the Economic and Monetary Advantages and Disadvantages Union of West Africa (UEMOA) and the Substantially, the Economic Technical Economic and Monetary Community of Characteristics on Which the CFA Central Africa (CEMAC). -
International Currency Codes
Country Capital Currency Name Code Afghanistan Kabul Afghanistan Afghani AFN Albania Tirana Albanian Lek ALL Algeria Algiers Algerian Dinar DZD American Samoa Pago Pago US Dollar USD Andorra Andorra Euro EUR Angola Luanda Angolan Kwanza AOA Anguilla The Valley East Caribbean Dollar XCD Antarctica None East Caribbean Dollar XCD Antigua and Barbuda St. Johns East Caribbean Dollar XCD Argentina Buenos Aires Argentine Peso ARS Armenia Yerevan Armenian Dram AMD Aruba Oranjestad Aruban Guilder AWG Australia Canberra Australian Dollar AUD Austria Vienna Euro EUR Azerbaijan Baku Azerbaijan New Manat AZN Bahamas Nassau Bahamian Dollar BSD Bahrain Al-Manamah Bahraini Dinar BHD Bangladesh Dhaka Bangladeshi Taka BDT Barbados Bridgetown Barbados Dollar BBD Belarus Minsk Belarussian Ruble BYR Belgium Brussels Euro EUR Belize Belmopan Belize Dollar BZD Benin Porto-Novo CFA Franc BCEAO XOF Bermuda Hamilton Bermudian Dollar BMD Bhutan Thimphu Bhutan Ngultrum BTN Bolivia La Paz Boliviano BOB Bosnia-Herzegovina Sarajevo Marka BAM Botswana Gaborone Botswana Pula BWP Bouvet Island None Norwegian Krone NOK Brazil Brasilia Brazilian Real BRL British Indian Ocean Territory None US Dollar USD Bandar Seri Brunei Darussalam Begawan Brunei Dollar BND Bulgaria Sofia Bulgarian Lev BGN Burkina Faso Ouagadougou CFA Franc BCEAO XOF Burundi Bujumbura Burundi Franc BIF Cambodia Phnom Penh Kampuchean Riel KHR Cameroon Yaounde CFA Franc BEAC XAF Canada Ottawa Canadian Dollar CAD Cape Verde Praia Cape Verde Escudo CVE Cayman Islands Georgetown Cayman Islands Dollar KYD _____________________________________________________________________________________________ -
Madagascar's Political Crisis
Madagascar’s political crisis Standard Note: SN05962 Last updated: 1 May 2012 Author: Jon Lunn Section International Affairs and Defence Section In March 2009, backed by large parts of the military and in the context of street protests in the capital, Antananarivo, current interim President Andre Rajoelina seized power from the incumbent, Marc Ravalomanana, who fled into exile in South Africa. The international community viewed it as an illegal coup d’état and took steps to isolate Rajeolina and his government. Since September 2011, a regionally-brokered agreement, signed by all the contending Malagasy parties, has been in place. Amongst other things, it provides for a one-year transition to new parliamentary and presidential elections. However, at just over the half-way point, the agreement is looking fragile and could yet collapse. The key unresolved issue is whether ex-president Marc Ravalomanana, who has been convicted in absentia on charges of complicity in murder in connection with the shooting of protestors in 2009, should be covered by an unconditional amnesty and allowed to return to Madagascar from abroad. Ravalomanana and his supporters allege that the conviction was unjustified and politically-motivated. In April 2012 an Amnesty Law was passed which appears designed not to apply to him. Click here for further background information about Madagascar. This information is provided to Members of Parliament in support of their parliamentary duties and is not intended to address the specific circumstances of any particular individual. It should not be relied upon as being up to date; the law or policies may have changed since it was last updated; and it should not be relied upon as legal or professional advice or as a substitute for it. -
The Big Reset: War on Gold and the Financial Endgame
WILL s A system reset seems imminent. The world’s finan- cial system will need to find a new anchor before the year 2020. Since the beginning of the credit s crisis, the US realized the dollar will lose its role em as the world’s reserve currency, and has been planning for a monetary reset. According to Willem Middelkoop, this reset MIDD Willem will be designed to keep the US in the driver’s seat, allowing the new monetary system to include significant roles for other currencies such as the euro and China’s renminbi. s Middelkoop PREPARE FOR THE COMING RESET E In all likelihood gold will be re-introduced as one of the pillars LKOOP of this next phase in the global financial system. The predic- s tion is that gold could be revalued at $ 7,000 per troy ounce. By looking past the American ‘smokescreen’ surrounding gold TWarh on Golde and the dollar long ago, China and Russia have been accumu- lating massive amounts of gold reserves, positioning them- THE selves for a more prominent role in the future to come. The and the reset will come as a shock to many. The Big Reset will help everyone who wants to be fully prepared. Financial illem Middelkoop (1962) is founder of the Commodity BIG Endgame Discovery Fund and a bestsell- s ing author, who has been writing about the world’s financial system since the early 2000s. Between 2001 W RESET and 2008 he was a market commentator for RTL Television in the Netherlands and also BIG appeared on CNBC. -
FAO Country Name ISO Currency Code* Currency Name*
FAO Country Name ISO Currency Code* Currency Name* Afghanistan AFA Afghani Albania ALL Lek Algeria DZD Algerian Dinar Amer Samoa USD US Dollar Andorra ADP Andorran Peseta Angola AON New Kwanza Anguilla XCD East Caribbean Dollar Antigua Barb XCD East Caribbean Dollar Argentina ARS Argentine Peso Armenia AMD Armeniam Dram Aruba AWG Aruban Guilder Australia AUD Australian Dollar Austria ATS Schilling Azerbaijan AZM Azerbaijanian Manat Bahamas BSD Bahamian Dollar Bahrain BHD Bahraini Dinar Bangladesh BDT Taka Barbados BBD Barbados Dollar Belarus BYB Belarussian Ruble Belgium BEF Belgian Franc Belize BZD Belize Dollar Benin XOF CFA Franc Bermuda BMD Bermudian Dollar Bhutan BTN Ngultrum Bolivia BOB Boliviano Botswana BWP Pula Br Ind Oc Tr USD US Dollar Br Virgin Is USD US Dollar Brazil BRL Brazilian Real Brunei Darsm BND Brunei Dollar Bulgaria BGN New Lev Burkina Faso XOF CFA Franc Burundi BIF Burundi Franc Côte dIvoire XOF CFA Franc Cambodia KHR Riel Cameroon XAF CFA Franc Canada CAD Canadian Dollar Cape Verde CVE Cape Verde Escudo Cayman Is KYD Cayman Islands Dollar Cent Afr Rep XAF CFA Franc Chad XAF CFA Franc Channel Is GBP Pound Sterling Chile CLP Chilean Peso China CNY Yuan Renminbi China, Macao MOP Pataca China,H.Kong HKD Hong Kong Dollar China,Taiwan TWD New Taiwan Dollar Christmas Is AUD Australian Dollar Cocos Is AUD Australian Dollar Colombia COP Colombian Peso Comoros KMF Comoro Franc FAO Country Name ISO Currency Code* Currency Name* Congo Dem R CDF Franc Congolais Congo Rep XAF CFA Franc Cook Is NZD New Zealand Dollar Costa Rica -
The Franc Zone
The franc zone The franc zone is an economic, monetary and cultural area that is equivalent to none other in the world. It is made up of very diverse states and territories and results from developments and changes in the former French colonial empire. After attaining their independence, most of the newly-created African states decided to remain within a homogenous group characterised by a new institutional framework and a common exchange rate mechanism. Fact Sheet The franc zone is made up of France and 15 African states: Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea Bissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo in West Africa, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon in Central Africa, and the Comoros. The franc zone is a rare example of close institutionalised cooperation between countries from two continents that share a common language and history. The Banque de France has developed close ties with the franc zone central banks, with which it works towards ensuring the smooth functioning of the area’s shared institutions. This Fact Sheet describes the franc zone’s institutional structures and the changes they are undergoing, and brings to the fore the franc zone countries’ determination to forge ahead with regional integration in order to support growth and reduce poverty. The franc zone annual report provides detailed information on the eco- nomic and financial situation of the franc zone. It is published by the Banque de France and available on its website www.banque-france.fr n° 127 April 2002 updated July 2010 Communication Directorate 1. HISTORY OF THE FRANC ZONE 1.1. -
Download File
Detailed timeline: Madagascar Rick de Satgé This timeline provides additional information to the Land Portal profile on Madagascar. Land related content is shaded in green and tagged using Landvoc metadata categories. Version 1.0 last updated 1 June 2021 Year Event Context Landvoc metadata tags 700CE Mariners from Indonesia settle in Madagascar has only had human settlement for 1300 years. Language Madagascar and culture derived from Indonesian origins although there is debate Afro Arab settlers inhabit the coasts before about how the first settlers came to the island and a precise settlement 1000 CE chronology has yet to be reliably established. 1000 CE “Slaves probably made an important part of the population of Madagascar as early as in the 10th century”. 1 1 (Regnier and Somda 2018) Year Event Context Landvoc metadata tags Madagascar has a fragmented population made up of 20 ethnic groups. The island was visited by Diaz Portuguese navigator in 1500 Figure 1: Encyclopaedia Britannica2 1600 to Portuguese navigators trade and raid Afro 1625 Arab coastal towns 1642 The French invade and establish Port Dauphin in the south-east which they maintain until 1674 1810 - 1861 Formation of the Kingdom of Madagascar In this period Andriana Merina expand their The economy of the Merina kingdom was dependent on domestic influence to control much of the island. slavery supplemented by the import of slaves from the African mainland.3 1810 Radama I rises to head what became known Radama 1 the Merina sovereign (1810-28) allied himself with the British as the Merina kingdom. governor of Mauritius. 2 (Kent 2020) 3 (Campbell 1981) Year Event Context Landvoc metadata tags 1820 British-Merina treaty of I820 in which Radama I signs the agreement with Farquhar the British governor – Radama I, the Merina sovereign, pledged to himself the owner of the largest slave run plantation in Mauritius.