DOCSLIB.ORG

Metadata on the Exchange Rate Statistics

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Metadata on the Exchange Rate Statistics Metadata on the Exchange rate statistics Last updated 26 February 2021 Afghanistan Capital Kabul Central bank Da Afghanistan Bank Central bank's website http://www.centralbank.gov.af/ Currency Afghani ISO currency code AFN Subunits 100 puls Currency circulation Afghanistan Legacy currency Afghani Legacy currency's ISO currency AFA code Conversion rate 1,000 afghani (old) = 1 afghani (new); with effect from 7 October 2002 Currency history 7 October 2002: Introduction of the new afghani (AFN); conversion rate: 1,000 afghani (old) = 1 afghani (new) IMF membership Since 14 July 1955 Exchange rate arrangement 22 March 1963 - 1973: Pegged to the US dollar according to the IMF 1973 - 1981: Independently floating classification (as of end-April 1981 - 31 December 2001: Pegged to the US dollar 2019) 1 January 2002 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with no predetermined path for the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 5 September 2010: Floating (market-determined with more frequent modes of intervention) 6 September 2010 - 31 March 2011: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 1 April 2011 - 4 April 2017: Floating (market-determined with more frequent modes of intervention) 5 April 2017 - 3 May 2018: Crawl-like arrangement (moving central rate with an annual minimum rate of change) Since 4 May 2018: Other managed arrangement Time series BBEX3.A.AFN.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.AFN.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.AFN.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.AFN.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.AFN.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.AFN.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.AFN.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.AFN.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.AFN.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.AFN.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.AFN.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.AFN.USD.CA.AC.A01 Albania Capital Tirana Central bank Bank of Albania Central bank's website http://www.bankofalbania.org/ Currency Albanian lek ISO currency code ALL Subunits 100 qindarka Currency circulation Albania Legacy currency Albanian lek Conversion rate 10 Albanian lek (old) = 1 Albanian lek (new); with effect from 16 August 1965 Currency history 16 August 1965: Introduction of the new Albanian lek (ALL); conversion rate: 10 Albanian lek (old) = 1 Albanian lek (new) IMF membership Since 15 October 1991 Exchange rate arrangement 10 September 1991 - 30 June 1992: Pegged to a currency basket according to the IMF 1 July 1992 - 29 April 2008: Independently floating classification (as of end-April 30 April 2008 - 14 February 2009: Free floating (market-determined 2019) with intervention in exceptional cases only) Since 15 February 2009: Floating (market-determined with more frequent modes of intervention) Time series BBEX3.A.ALL.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.ALL.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.ALL.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.ALL.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.ALL.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.ALL.USD.CA.AC.A01 Algeria Capital Algiers Central bank Banque d'Algerie Central bank's website http://www.bank-of-algeria.dz/ Currency Algerian dinar ISO currency code DZD Subunits 100 centimes Currency circulation Algeria Legacy currency Algerian new franc Conversion rate 1 Algerian new franc = 1 Algerian dinar; with effect from 10. April 1964 Currency history 1 January 1960: Introduction of the Algerian new franc; conversion rate: 100 Algerian franc = 1 Algerian new franc 10 April 1964: Introduction of the Algerian dinar (DZD); conversion rate: 1 Algerian new franc = 1 Algerian dinar IMF membership Since 26 September 1963 Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF's 15 September 1997 Articles of Agreement) Exchange rate arrangement 21 January 1974 - 30 September 1994: Pegged to a currency basket according to the IMF 1 October 1994 - 31 December 1998: Other managed floating classification (as of end-April 1 January 1999 - 31 December 2008: Floating (market-determined 2019) with more frequent modes of intervention) 1 January 2009 - 14 June 2018: Other managed arrangement (oriented to a currency basket) Since 15 June 2018: Crawl-like arrangement (moving central rate with an annual minimum rate of change) Algeria maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the US dollar. Time series BBEX3.A.DZD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.DZD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.DZD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.DZD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.DZD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.DZD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.DZD.EUR.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.DZD.EUR.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.DZD.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.DZD.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.DZD.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.DZD.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.DZD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.DZD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.DZD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.DZD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.DZD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.DZD.USD.CA.AC.A01 Angola Capital Luanda Central bank Banco Nacional de Angola Central bank's website https://www.bna.ao/ Currency Kwanza ISO currency code AOA Subunits 100 cêntimos Currency circulation Angola Legacy currency Readjusted kwanza Legacy currency's ISO currency AOR code Conversion rate 1,000,000 readjusted kwanza = 1 kwanza; with effect from 13 December 1999 Currency history 20 January 1954: Introduction of the Angolan escudo; conversion rate: 1 Angolar = 1 Angolan escudo 8 January 1977: Introduction of the kwanza (AOK); conversion rate: 1 Angolan escudo = 1 kwanza 1 October 1990: Introduction of the new kwanza (AON); conversion rate: 1 kwanza = 1 new kwanza 3 July 1995: Introduction of the readjusted kwanza (AOR); conversion rate: 1,000 new kwanza = 1 readjusted kwanza 13 December 1999: Introduction of the kwanza (AOA); conversion rate: 1,000,000 readjusted kwanza = 1 kwanza IMF membership Since 19 September 1989 Exchange rate arrangement 8 January 1977 - 24 April 1994: Pegged to the US dollar according to the IMF 25 April 1994 - 30 June 1996: Other managed floating classification (as of end-April 1 July 1996 - 29 September 1998: Pegged to the US dollar 2019) 30 September 1998 - 24 January 1999: Crawling peg (moving central rate without a band) 25 January 1999 - 30 March 2001: Independently floating 31 March 2001 - 31 May 2005: Managed floating with no predetermined path for the exchange rate 1 June 2005 - 29 April 2008: Other conventional fixed peg arrangement 30 April 2008 - 1 October 2009: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 2 October 2009 - 31 October 2010: Other managed arrangement 1 November 2010 - 16 September 2014: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 17 September 2014 - 4 June 2015: Crawl-like arrangement (moving central rate with an annual minimum rate of change) 5 June 2015 - 14 April 2016: Other managed arrangement 15 April 2016 - 8 January 2018: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) Since 9 January 2018: Other managed arrangement Comment Independent (from Portugal) since 11 November 1975 Time series BBEX3.A.AOA.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.AOA.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.AOA.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.AOA.USD.CA.AC.A01 Antigua and Barbuda Capital St John's Central bank Eastern Caribbean Central Bank Central bank's website https://www.eccb-centralbank.org/ Currency East Caribbean dollar ISO currency code XCD Subunits 100 cents Currency circulation Antigua and Barbuda, Anguilla, Dominica, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and (since 17 July 1968) Grenada Legacy currency British West Indies dollar Conversion rate 1 British West Indies dollar = 1 East Caribbean dollar; with effect from 6 October 1965 Currency history 6 October 1965: Introduction of the East Caribbean dollar (XCD); conversion rate: 1 British West Indies dollar = 1 East Caribbean dollar IMF membership Since 25 February 1982 Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF's 22 November 1983 Articles of Agreement) Exchange rate arrangement 6 October 1965 - 6 July 1976: Pegged to the British pound sterling according to the IMF (Eastern Caribbean Currency Union) classification (as of end-April Since 7 July 1976: Pegged to the US dollar (Eastern Caribbean 2019) Currency Union) Comment Antigua and Barbuda participates in the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union. Independent since 1 November 1981 (formerly: British colony) Time series BBEX3.A.XCD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XCD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.USD.CA.AC.A01 Argentina Capital Buenos Aires Central bank Banco Central de la República Argentina Central bank's website https://www.bcra.gob.ar/default.asp Currency Argentine peso ISO currency code ARS Subunits 100 centavos Currency circulation Argentina Legacy currency Austral Legacy currency's ISO currency ARA code Conversion rate 10 000 austral = 1 Argentine peso; with effect from 1 January 1992 Currency history 1 January 1970: Currency changeover from the Argentine peso (peso moneda nacional) to the Argentine peso (peso; ISO code ARP) at the rate of 100:1 1 June 1983: Currency changeover from the Argentine peso (peso) to the Argentine peso (peso argentino; ISO code ARP) at the rate of 10,000:1 14 June 1985: Introduction of the austral (ARA); conversion rate: 1,000 Argentine peso = 1 austral 1 January 1992: Introduction of the Argentine peso (ARS); conversion rate: 10,000 austral = 1 Argentine peso IMF membership Since 20 September 1956 Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF's 14 May 1968 Articles of Agreement) Exchange rate arrangement 31 July 1975 - 30 January 1976: Pegged to the US dollar according to the IMF 31 January 1976 - 11 May 1978: Adjusted according to a set of classification (as of end-April indicators 2019) 12 May 1978
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Comparison of North Korea with Czech Republic and Czechoslovakia Focused on Economic Reforms in Both Countries
    A COMPARISON OF NORTH KOREA WITH CZECH REPUBLIC AND CZECHOSLOVAKIA FOCUSED ON ECONOMIC REFORMS IN BOTH COUNTRIES By Radim Vaculovic THESIS Submitted to KDI School of Public Policy and Management in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF PUBLIC POLICY 2004 A COMPARISON OF NORTH KOREA WITH CZECH REPUBLIC AND CZECHOSLOVAKIA FOCUSED ON ECONOMIC REFORMS IN BOTH COUNTRIES By Radim Vaculovic THESIS Submitted to KDI School of Public Policy and Management in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF PUBLIC POLICY 2004 Professor Jin Park 2 ABSTRACT A COMPARISON OF NORTH KOREA WITH CZECH REPUBLIC AND CZECHOSLOVAKIA FOCUSED ON ECONOMIC REFORMS IN BOTH COUNTRIES By Radim Vaculovic North Korea (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea) and Czech Republic or Czechoslovakia - is it possible to compare these two countries? Is there anything what is common for both countries? Many people will answer to this question probably „NOT“. Czech Republic is the country in the middle of Europe, (the Capital – Prague is very often called „the heart of Europe“), which quite successfully transferred social planned economy to market economy. North Korea is on the other hand a country with very central planned economy in North East Asia, where to talk about market economy is something not really possible. So two countries – no geographical connection, (the geographical distance between the two countries is about 8.000 km), no economic connection, each of the state is really in total different pole. Well if a person is satisfied with this explanation it is true there is probably not so much common and these two countries are not really comparable.
    [Show full text]
  • Currency Symbol for Indian Rupee Design Philosophy
    Currency Symbol for Indian Rupee Design Philosophy The design philosophy of the symbol is derived from the Devanagari script, a traditional script deeply rooted in our Indian culture. The symbol also seamlessly integrates the Latin script which is widely used around the world. This amalgamation traverses boundaries across cultures giving it a universal identity, at the same time symbolizing our cultural values and ethos at a global platform. Simplicity of the visual form and imagery creates a deep impact on the minds of the people. And makes it easy to recognize, recall and represent by all age groups, societies, religions and cultures. Direct communication The symbol is designed using the Devanagari letter ‘Ra’ and Roman capital letter ‘R’. The letters are derived from the word Rupiah in Hindi and Rupees in English both denote the currency of India. The derivation of letters from these words conveys the association of the symbol with currency rupee. The symbol straightforwardly communicates the message of currency for both Indian and foreign nationals. In other words, a direct relationship is established between the symbol and the rupee. Shiro Rekha The use of Shiro Rekha (the horizontal top line) in Devanagari script is unique to India. Devanagari script is the only script where letters hang from the top line and does not sit on a baseline. The symbol preserves this unique and essential feature of our Indian script which is not seen in any other scripts in the world. It also clearly distinguishes itself from other symbols and establishes a sign of Indian origin. It explicitly states the Indianess of the symbol.
    [Show full text]
  • Bank of Albania
    BANK OF ALBANIA 1 OUR NATIONAL CURRENCY IN BRIEF The history of our national currency starts concurrently with the creation of the National Bank of Albania, established on 2 September 1925. The Bank was created upon the signing of the convention between an Italian financial group led by Mario Alberti and the government of Ahmet Zogu. The convention defined that the bank, apart from lending, had the exclusive right to issue legal tender banknotes, gold and other metal coins for payments in Albania. This may be called the first currency issuing national institution, but our history shows that the coins had first been struck since IV century B.C., in the Illyrian cities of Dyrrachium (Durrës) and Apollonia (Pojan near Fier). Albania had a central bank for the first time in 1913, following the agreement of the Government of Ismail Qemali with Karol Pitner and Oskar Pollak, representatives of the Austro-Hungarian banking group Weiner Bank Verein, as well as with Pietro Fenolio and Guido Ansbaher, representatives of the Italian banking group Banca Commerciale Italiana. This institution was short lived, due to the political instability of the time and the beginning of World War I. When the bank was created in 1925, many currencies from different countries were circulating in Albania, thus the National Bank of Albania undertook measures to substitute them with a single Albanian currency. The golden frang, with its subunits (lek and cents, where 1 frang was equal to 5 lek and 100 cent) and its multiples 5, 20 and 100 golden frang was chosen as the currency of Albania.
    [Show full text]
  • This PDF Is a Selection from an Out-Of-Print Volume from the National Bureau of Economic Research
    This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from the National Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: The International Gold Standard Reinterpreted, 1914-1934 Volume Author/Editor: William Adams Brown, Jr. Volume Publisher: NBER Volume ISBN: 0-87014-036-1 Volume URL: http://www.nber.org/books/brow40-1 Publication Date: 1940 Chapter Title: Book III, Part V: The Impact of the World Economic Depression on the International Gold Standard, 1929-1931 Chapter Author: William Adams Brown, Jr. Chapter URL: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c5947 Chapter pages in book: (p. 808 - 1047) PART V The Impact of the World Economic Depression on the International Gold Standard, 1929-1931 S CHAPTER 22 The International Distribution of Credit under the Impact of World-wide Deflationary Forces For about twelve months after the critical decisions of June 1927 the international effects of generally easy money were among the most fundamental causes of a world-wide upswing in business.1 Though prices in gold standard countries were falling gradually, increasing productivity would probably have forced them much lower had it not been for the ex- pansion of credit. There was an upward pressure in many price groups. Profits from security and real estate speculation stimulated demand for many commodities. Low interest rates made it easy to finance valorization schemes and price arrangements and promoted the issue of foreign loans, par.. ticularly in the United States. Foreign loans in turn helped to maintain prices in many debtor countries and also pre- vented the growth of tariffs from checking the expansion of international trade.2 The continued extension of interna- tional credit was a dam that was holding back the onrushing torrent of economic readjustment.
    [Show full text]
  • People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
    People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research Higher School of Management Sciences Annaba A Course of Business English for 1st year Preparatory Class Students Elaborated by: Dr GUERID Fethi The author has taught this module for 4 years from the academic year 2014/2015 to 2018/2019 Academic Year 2020/2021 1 Table of Contents Table of Contents...………………………………………………………….….I Acknowelegments……………………………………………………………....II Aim of the Course……………………………………………………………..III Lesson 1: English Tenses………………………………………………………..5 Lesson 2: Organizations………………………………………………………..13 Lesson 3: Production…………………………………………………………...18 Lesson 4: Distribution channels: Wholesale and Retail………………………..22 Lesson 5: Marketing …………………………………………………………...25 Lesson 6: Advertising …………………………………………………………28 Lesson 7: Conditional Sentences………………………………………………32 Lesson 8: Accounting1…………………………………………………………35 Lesson 9: Money and Work……………………………………………………39 Lesson 10: Types of Business Ownership……………………………………..43 Lesson 11: Passive voice……………………………………………………….46 Lesson 12: Management……………………………………………………….50 SUPPORTS: 1- Grammatical support: List of Irregular Verbs of English………..54 2- List of Currencies of the World………………………………….66 3- Business English Terminology in English and French………….75 References and Further Reading…………………………………………….89 I 2 Acknowledgments I am grateful to my teaching colleagues who preceded me in teaching this business English module at our school. This contribution is an addition to their efforts. I am thankful to Mrs Benghomrani Naziha, who has contributed before in designing English programmes to different levels, years and classes at Annaba Higher School of Management Sciences. I am also grateful to the administrative staff for their support. II 3 Aim of the Course The course aims is to equip 1st year students with the needed skills in business English to help them succeed in their study of economics and business and master English to be used at work when they finish the study.
    [Show full text]
  • 2015 Financials
    CONTENTS ANNUAL REPORT 2015 AND 2014 6 CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT 9 DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPANY 11 DIRECTORS 12 INVESTMENT PERFORMANCE 17 DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR INVESTMENTS 31 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 5 MONEDA CHILE FUND LIMITED INVESTMENT FUND CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT Dear Investors: I would like to report on the results of Moneda Chile Fund in the fiscal year ending December 31, 2015. In 2015, the external setting was again adverse for Latin America: growth continued to shift from emerging countries to developed countries; fears about the Chinese economy were on the rise; there was an excess supply on the oil and other commodities markets; and there was a real possibility of the Fed putting an end to its monetary stimulus. This led to a crash in the prices of the raw materials exported by the region. The region’s economies also faced a decline in important external financial conditions. So, the growth of Latin America in 2015 was estimated to be -0.3%. In Chile, the economy grew 2.1% in 2015, similar to the growth in 2014 (1.9%). The worsening outlook abroad contributed to the slow growth, with a drop in the price of copper from US$3.11/lb in 2014 to US$2.50/lb in 2015. Also adversely impacting were the rise in taxes under the tax reform passed the previous year and the great uncertainty associated with the proposed labor reforms and new constitution. This prolonged the low level of confidence seen in the private sector that prevented a recovery in domestic demand and braked the export effort driven by the strong real devaluation in the peso (14.4%).
    [Show full text]
  • 28Q3FY1395.Pdf
    I II III ,EQH6LQD :DWW .DEXO $IJKDQLVWDQ 7HOHSKRQH ,QWHUQHW ZZZGDEJRYDI (PDLO PS#GDEJRYDI $OO ULJKWV UHVHUYHG 5LJKWV DQG SHUPLVVLRQV 7KH PDWHULDO LQ WKLV SXEOLFDWLRQ LV FRS\ULJKWHG EXW PD\ EH IUHHO\ TXRWHG DQG UHSULQWHG $FNQRZOHGJHPHQWLVUHTXHVWHGWRJHWKHUZLWKDFRS\RIWKHSXEOLFDWLRQ 1RWH $IJKDQLVWDQಬV)LVFDO\HDUKDVEHHQFKDQJHGHIIHFWLYHIURP 7KHQHZILVFDO\HDUEHJLQVRQ 'HFHPEHUHDFK\HDU7KLV4XDUWHUO\%XOOHWLQDQDO\]HVGHYHORSPHQWVLQWKHVHFRQGTXDUWHURIILVFDO \HDUZKLFKFRYHUV-XQHVWWR6HSWHPEHUVW IV CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................ XIV GLOBAL ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ..................................................................................................... 18 I. ADVANCED ECONOMIES ........................................................................................................ 18 1.1.1 The United States Economy ......................................................................................... 18 1.1.2 The Economy of United Kingdom ................................................................................ 20 1.1.3 The Economy of Germany ............................................................................................ 21 1.1.4 The Economy of France ................................................................................................ 21 1.1.5 The Economy of Japan .................................................................................................. 22 II. EMERGING MARKET ECONOMIES
    [Show full text]
  • Dissertation Irene Schrotenboer Final
    Tilburg University Dynamics of payments, conflict and economic activity Lubberman-Schrotenboer, I.G. Publication date: 2014 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in Tilburg University Research Portal Citation for published version (APA): Lubberman-Schrotenboer, I. G. (2014). Dynamics of payments, conflict and economic activity: Case studies of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia. CentER, Center for Economic Research. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 28. sep. 2021 Dynamics of payments, conflict and economic activity Case studies of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia Dynamics of payments, conflict and economic activity Case studies of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan Tilburg University op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof. dr. Ph. Eijlander, in het openbaar te verdedigen ten overstaan van een door het college voor promoties aangewezen commissie in de aula van de Universiteit op maandag 1 december 2014 om 10:15 uur door Irene Geessien Lubberman-Schrotenboer geboren op 23 mei 1977 te Sneek.
    [Show full text]
  • Christopher Kent: the Resources Boom and the Australian Dollar
    Christopher Kent: The resources boom and the Australian dollar Address by Mr Christopher Kent, Assistant Governor (Economic) of the Reserve Bank of Australia, to the Committee for Economic Development of Australia (CEDA) Economic and Political Overview, Sydney, 14 February 2014. * * * I thank Jonathan Hambur, Daniel Rees and Michelle Wright for assistance in preparing these remarks. I would like to thank CEDA for the invitation to speak here today. I thought I would take the opportunity to talk to you about the implications of the resources boom for the Australian dollar. The past decade saw the Australian dollar appreciate by around 50 per cent in trade- weighted terms (Graph 1).1 The appreciation was an important means by which the economy was able to adjust to the historic increase in commodity prices and the unprecedented investment boom in the resources sector.2 Even though there was a significant increase in incomes and domestic demand over a number of years, average inflation over the past decade has remained within the target. Also, growth has generally not been too far from trend. This is all the more significant in light of the substantial swings in the macroeconomy that were all too common during earlier commodity booms.3 The high nominal exchange rate helped to facilitate the reallocation of labour and capital across industries. While this has made conditions difficult in some industries, the appreciation, in combination with a relatively flexible labour market and low and stable inflation expectations, meant that high demand for labour in the resources sector did not spill over to a broad-based increase in wage inflation.4 So the high level of the exchange rate was helpful for the economy as a whole.
    [Show full text]
  • 1382 Annual Financial Statements Da Afghanistan Bank
    1382 ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS DA AFGHANISTAN BANK In accordance with Article 106 of the Law on Da Afghanistan Bank, Da Afghanistan Bank hereby presents the financial statements for the year ended 29 Hoot 1382 (19 March 2004). These statements consist of the balance sheet, the income statement, and notes to the financial statements that include the legal framework, accounting policies, and notes to the accounts. The financial statements prepared by Da Afghanistan Bank are based on international accounting/financial reporting standards, modified as necessary to meet particular circumstances, and are attested to by the external auditors Messrs. P.B. Vijayaraghavan & Co., Chartered Accountants. Da Afghanistan Bank is responsible for the accuracy of the accounting information reflected in the financial statements. 1 DA AFGHANISTAN BANK Balance Sheet at 29 Hoot 1382 (Amounts in Afghanis) 1381 Notes 1382 ASSETS Domestic Currency Assets 63,852,849 Loans receivable 1 63,852,849 15,281,298,069 Government overdrafts 2 14,732,228,069 50,354,247 Advances receivable 82,994,680 4,872,083 Equity investments 3 4,872,083 15,400,377,248 14,883,947,681 Foreign Currency Assets 12,420,895,234 Gold in Federal Reserve 4 14,352,958,418 230,015,148 Cash in foreign currency 5 2,186,712,015 11,323,488,450 Foreign bank accounts 6 24,344,303,034 23,974,398,832 Total reserve assets 40,883,973,467 25,164,468 Receivables in foreign currency 79,267,366 5,310,640 Equity investments in forex 7 5,310,640 1,402,874,216 Foreign currency loans to Govt.
    [Show full text]
  • Compañía Cervecerías Unidas S.A. and Subsidiaries
    Compañía Cervecerías Unidas S.A. y subsidiarias (Cifras expresadas en miles de pesos chilenos) COMPAÑÍA CERVECERÍAS UNIDAS S.A. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Figures expressed in thousands of Chilean pesos) As of and for the year ended December 31, 2018 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the Board of Directors and shareholders of Compañía Cervecerías Unidas S.A. Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of Compañía Cervecerías Unidas S.A. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December, 31, 2018 in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.
    [Show full text]
  • CY19 January a Collection of Bitcoin Commentary from the Brightest
    CY19 January A collection of Bitcoin commentary from the brightest minds in the crypto community. Crypto Words CY19 January Contents Goals and Scope ......................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Support Crypto Words .......................................................................................................................................................... 3 Cryptocurrency: The Canary in the Coal Mine.................................................................................................. 4 Tweetstorm: Bitcoin’s 10 Year Anniversary ......................................................................................................... 6 Bitcoin: Two Parts Math, One Part Biology .......................................................................................................... 8 Planting Bitcoin - Season (2/4) .................................................................................................................................... 12 Planting Bitcoin - Gardening (4/4) ............................................................................................................................ 18 Planting Bitcoin — Soil (3/4) .......................................................................................................................................... 25 Planting Bitcoin — Species (1/4) ...............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]