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Currency Symbol for Indian Rupee Design Philosophy
Currency Symbol for Indian Rupee Design Philosophy The design philosophy of the symbol is derived from the Devanagari script, a traditional script deeply rooted in our Indian culture. The symbol also seamlessly integrates the Latin script which is widely used around the world. This amalgamation traverses boundaries across cultures giving it a universal identity, at the same time symbolizing our cultural values and ethos at a global platform. Simplicity of the visual form and imagery creates a deep impact on the minds of the people. And makes it easy to recognize, recall and represent by all age groups, societies, religions and cultures. Direct communication The symbol is designed using the Devanagari letter ‘Ra’ and Roman capital letter ‘R’. The letters are derived from the word Rupiah in Hindi and Rupees in English both denote the currency of India. The derivation of letters from these words conveys the association of the symbol with currency rupee. The symbol straightforwardly communicates the message of currency for both Indian and foreign nationals. In other words, a direct relationship is established between the symbol and the rupee. Shiro Rekha The use of Shiro Rekha (the horizontal top line) in Devanagari script is unique to India. Devanagari script is the only script where letters hang from the top line and does not sit on a baseline. The symbol preserves this unique and essential feature of our Indian script which is not seen in any other scripts in the world. It also clearly distinguishes itself from other symbols and establishes a sign of Indian origin. It explicitly states the Indianess of the symbol. -
Interbank Offered Rates (Ibors) and Alternative Reference Rates (Arrs)
VERSION: 24 SEPTEMBER 2020 Interbank Offered Rates (IBORs) and Alternative Reference Rates (ARRs) The following table has been compiled on the basis of publicly available information. Whilst reasonable care has been taken to ensure that the information in the table is accurate as at the date that the table was last revised, no warranty or representation is given as to the information in the table. The information in the table is a summary, is not exhaustive and is subject to change. Key Multiple-rate approach (IBOR + RFR) Moving to RFR only IBOR only Basis on Development of Expected/ Expected fall which forward-looking likely fall- back rate to IBOR is Expected ARR? back rate to the ARR (if 3 Expected being Date from date by the IBOR2 applicable) discontinu continued which which ation date (if Alternative ARR will replaceme for IBOR applicable Reference be nt of IBOR Currency IBOR (if any) )1 Rate published is needed ARS BAIBAR TBC TBC TBC TBC TBC TBC TBC (Argentina) 1 Information in this column is taken from Financial Stability Board “Reforming major interest rate benchmarks” progress reports and other publicly available English language sources. 2 This column sets out current expectations based on publicly available information but in many cases no formal decisions have been taken or announcements made. This column will be revisited and revised following publication of the ISDA 2020 IBOR Fallbacks Protocol. References in this column to a rate being “Adjusted” are to such rate with adjustments being made (i) to reflect the fact that the applicable ARR may be an overnight rate while the IBOR rate will be a term rate and (ii) to add a spread. -
1- FIRST ABU DHABI BANK PJSC US$15000000000 Euro Medium
SECOND SUPPLEMENT DATED 8 OCTOBER 2019 TO THE BASE PROSPECTUS DATED 16 JULY 2019 FIRST ABU DHABI BANK PJSC (incorporated with limited liability in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, the United Arab Emirates) U.S.$15,000,000,000 Euro Medium Term Note Programme This base prospectus supplement (the "Supplement") is supplemental to, forms part of and must be read and construed in conjunction with, the base prospectus dated 16 July 2019 as supplemented by the first supplement to the base prospectus dated 19 July 2019 (the "Base Prospectus") prepared by First Abu Dhabi Bank PJSC (the "Issuer", "FAB" or the "Bank") in connection with the Issuer's Euro Medium Term Note Programme (the "Programme") for the issuance of up to U.S.$15,000,000,000 in aggregate nominal amount of notes (the "Notes"). Terms defined in the Base Prospectus shall, unless the context otherwise requires, have the same meaning when used in this Supplement. This Supplement has been approved by the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority (the "U.K. Listing Authority") in its capacity as the United Kingdom competent authority for the purposes of Part VI of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000, as amended (the "FSMA"). This Supplement constitutes a supplementary prospectus for the purposes of Section 87G of the FSMA (as that provision stood immediately prior to 21 July 2019) and, together with the Base Prospectus, comprises a base prospectus for the purposes of Directive 2003/71/EC, as amended (which includes the amendments made by Directive 2010/73/EU and includes any relevant implementing measure in a relevant Member State of the European Economic Area) (when used in this Supplement, the "Prospectus Directive"). -
INTRODUCTION Indian Currency Rate Fluctuations and Comparison With
INTRODUCTION Indian currency rate fluctuations and comparison with Japanese yen, Chinese Yuan, British Pound and Euro, are the central issues of this thesis. The study will follow the United State Dollar as a base currency and will find out that which currency is more volatile and which currency is more stable within these more popular currencies which are mostly traded in the currency market. Currencies which we are referring over here are as follows: USD EURO JAPANESE YEN GREAT BRITAIN POUND CHINESE YAUN INDIAN RUPPE Most of the presently empirical literature on foreign exchange market follows either the stock market fluctuations or the export –import market analysis. But this thesis directly focused on the currency market volatility in the foreign exchange market, in particular these three key areas for the present research that are-price fluctuation in Indian currency market, Theoretical Economic equilibrium of currency market, INR we will compare with other four currency market volatility that are Japan, British, China and Europe, and lastly find out that which currency market is more stable out of these five markets. 1.1 Indian Foreign Exchange Market- Sam Y. Gross (1998, Federal Reserve Bank of New York), “Foreign exchange” refers to money denominated in the currency of another nation or group of nations. Any person who exchanges money denominated in his own nation‟s currency for money denominated in another nation‟s currency acquires foreign exchange.” Indian currency is the key part of the Indian Foreign Exchange Market and directly or indirectly the currency market affected to the other part of the foreign exchange market that are stock market and export – import market of India. -
Icap Sef (Us) Llc
ICAP SEF (US) LLC Swap Execution Facility Rulebook Version: 3.2 Revised July 2016 © Copyright ICAP SEF (US) LLC 2016 All Rights Reserved. SEF Rulebook TABLE OF CONTENTS Page DEFINITIONS ................................................................................................................................................ i CHAPTER 1 MARKET GOVERNANCE ....................................................................................................... 1 Rule 101. Board of Directors and Officers ...................................................................................... 1 Rule 102. Limitation of Liability ....................................................................................................... 1 Rule 103. Confidentiality ................................................................................................................. 2 Rule 104. Emergency Action .......................................................................................................... 3 Rule 105. Suspension of Trading .................................................................................................... 5 Rule 106. Risk Controls for Trading ................................................................................................ 6 Rule 107. Market Data .................................................................................................................... 6 Rule 108. Intellectual Property ....................................................................................................... -
LIBOR Transition - Impacts to Corporate Treasury
LIBOR Transition - Impacts to Corporate Treasury April 2019 What is happening to LIBOR? London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) is a benchmark rate that some of the world’s leading banks charge each other for unsecured loans of varying tenors. In 2017, Financial Conduct Authority stated that it will no longer compel banks to submit LIBOR data to the rate administrator post 2021 resulting in a clear impetus and need to implement alternative risk-free rates (RFR) benchmarks globally. End of LIBOR LIBOR transition 2019 - 2021 Post 2021 Risk-free rates SOFR (U.S.) LIBOR (RFR) Phase-out RFRs • an unsecured rate at which banks and SONIA (U.K.) • rates based on secured or unsecured ostensibly borrow from one another transactions replace ESTER (E.U.) • a rate of multiple maturities with… • overnight rates • a single rate Other RFRs… • different rates across jurisdictions How about HIBOR? Unlike LIBOR, the HKMA currently has no plan to discontinue HIBOR. The Treasury Market Association (TMA) has proposed to adopt the HKD Overnight Index Average (HONIA) as RFR for a contingent fallback and will consult industry stakeholders later in 2019. © 2019 KPMG Advisory (Hong Kong) Limited, a Hong Kong limited liability company and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative ("KPMG International"), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved. Printed in Hong Kong. 2 How do I know who is impacted? Do you have any floating rate Do you have any derivative loans, bonds, or other similar contracts (e.g. interest rate Do you need to calculate financialEnsure they instruments have difficult with swap) with an interest leg market value of financial an interestconversations rate referenced to referenced to LIBOR? positions (e.g. -
The Unicode Standard, Version 6.3
Currency Symbols Range: 20A0–20CF This file contains an excerpt from the character code tables and list of character names for The Unicode Standard, Version 6.3 This file may be changed at any time without notice to reflect errata or other updates to the Unicode Standard. See http://www.unicode.org/errata/ for an up-to-date list of errata. See http://www.unicode.org/charts/ for access to a complete list of the latest character code charts. See http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/Unicode-6.3/ for charts showing only the characters added in Unicode 6.3. See http://www.unicode.org/Public/6.3.0/charts/ for a complete archived file of character code charts for Unicode 6.3. Disclaimer These charts are provided as the online reference to the character contents of the Unicode Standard, Version 6.3 but do not provide all the information needed to fully support individual scripts using the Unicode Standard. For a complete understanding of the use of the characters contained in this file, please consult the appropriate sections of The Unicode Standard, Version 6.3, online at http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode6.3.0/, as well as Unicode Standard Annexes #9, #11, #14, #15, #24, #29, #31, #34, #38, #41, #42, #44, and #45, the other Unicode Technical Reports and Standards, and the Unicode Character Database, which are available online. See http://www.unicode.org/ucd/ and http://www.unicode.org/reports/ A thorough understanding of the information contained in these additional sources is required for a successful implementation. -
Exchange Rate Statistics
Exchange rate statistics Updated issue Statistical Series Deutsche Bundesbank Exchange rate statistics 2 This Statistical Series is released once a month and pub- Deutsche Bundesbank lished on the basis of Section 18 of the Bundesbank Act Wilhelm-Epstein-Straße 14 (Gesetz über die Deutsche Bundesbank). 60431 Frankfurt am Main Germany To be informed when new issues of this Statistical Series are published, subscribe to the newsletter at: Postfach 10 06 02 www.bundesbank.de/statistik-newsletter_en 60006 Frankfurt am Main Germany Compared with the regular issue, which you may subscribe to as a newsletter, this issue contains data, which have Tel.: +49 (0)69 9566 3512 been updated in the meantime. Email: www.bundesbank.de/contact Up-to-date information and time series are also available Information pursuant to Section 5 of the German Tele- online at: media Act (Telemediengesetz) can be found at: www.bundesbank.de/content/821976 www.bundesbank.de/imprint www.bundesbank.de/timeseries Reproduction permitted only if source is stated. Further statistics compiled by the Deutsche Bundesbank can also be accessed at the Bundesbank web pages. ISSN 2699–9188 A publication schedule for selected statistics can be viewed Please consult the relevant table for the date of the last on the following page: update. www.bundesbank.de/statisticalcalender Deutsche Bundesbank Exchange rate statistics 3 Contents I. Euro area and exchange rate stability convergence criterion 1. Euro area countries and irrevoc able euro conversion rates in the third stage of Economic and Monetary Union .................................................................. 7 2. Central rates and intervention rates in Exchange Rate Mechanism II ............................... 7 II. -
Yi Gang: the Development of Shibor As a Market Benchmark (Central
Yi Gang: The development of Shibor as a market benchmark Speech by Mr Yi Gang, Deputy Governor of the People’s Bank of China, at the 2008 Shibor Work Conference, Beijing, 11 January 2008. * * * Thank you for your presence. Since its launch one year ago, Shibor has made remarkable progress. I’d like to share with you some of my observations. First, Shibor is for market participants. At the initial stage, central bank promotion is necessary. But Shibor, as a market benchmark, belongs to the market and all the market participants. All parties concerned including financial institutions, National Inter-bank Funding Center, National Association of Financial Market Institutional Investors shall have a full understanding of this, and actively play a role in the operations of Shibor as stakeholders. The success of Shibor relies on the joint efforts of all the stakeholders. Under the command economy, the central bank is the leader while commercial banks are followers. But from the current perspective of the central bank’s functions, the bipartite relationship varies on different occasions. In terms of monetary policies, the central bank, as the monetary authority, is the policy maker and regulator, while commercial banks are market participants and players. But in terms of market building, the relationship is not simply that of leader and followers, but of central bank and commercial banks in a market environment. This broad positioning and premise will have a direct bearing on how we behave. On the one hand, it requires the central bank to work as a service provider, a general designer and supervisor of the market. -
An Empirical Study on the Linkage Between Offshore and Onshore
2017 2nd International Conference on Modern Economic Development and Environment Protection (ICMED 2017) ISBN: 978-1-60595-518-6 An Empirical Study on the Linkage Between Offshore and Onshore Interbank Offered Rate Wen-wen ZENG Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China [email protected] Keywords: CNH-HIBOR, SHIBOR, Linkage, VAR Model. Abstract. This article uses Granger causality test and vector autoregression model to investigate the linkage between SHIBOR and CNH-HIBOR. The results showed that the existence of linkage between two short-term varieties, long-term varieties did not show linkage, and the offshore market has an impact on the onshore market, short-term maturity varieties respond more rapidly to impacts, while long-term maturity varieties respond to impacts that take a long time to digest. The results show that the linkage between China’s inter-bank lending rate and the onshore market is gradually increasing, it’s need to further strengthen SHIBOR’S s the basic position, and constantly improve the quotation mechanism and relax offshore market restrictions. 1. Introduction CNH-Hongkong Inter-bank Offered Rate (CNH-HIBOR) reflects the interest rate level of the offshore RMB market. If the offshore market and onshore market interest rates spread too much, it can easily lead to arbitrage, which is not conducive to the stability and security of the market economy stability and security. Therefore, studying the linkage of inter-bank lending rates will be conducive to promoting marketization of interest rates. The domestic research on the inter-bank lending rate mainly focuses on three aspects: factors that influence the inter-bank lending rate [1]; benchmark interest rate [2,3]; volatility of the inter-bank lending rates [4-7]. -
Euro Or Eora? Cent Or Ceint? the New Currency and Ireland
Euro or eora? Cent or ceint? The new currency and Ireland Michael Everson Œ A SINGLE CURRENCY, which has been of endeavour to be internal to the countries of named in the English language the euro, and the EU, and thus to be outside the scope of the whose decimal subdivision is called the cent, has European Council’s powers of direction. We been introduced by the monetary union of a will see below that linguistic argument alone number of member states of the European will show that the directives of the Council Union. Of interest in multilingual Europe are cannot be implemented justly, given the the different ways in which these new words European linguistic situation. will be adapted to the pronunciation, grammar, and spelling requirements of European lan- BORROWING guages, whether these languages be official EU NEW VOCABULARY languages, other languages of the countries adopting the new currency as their national In general, when a new word is introduced to a currency, or other languages used elsewhere in language, it is changed according to relevant Europe. phonetic criteria. English speakers borrowed Rather than requesting the input of its the Czech word robot, but adapted it to English member states with regard to the proper use of pronunciation ([·rÿÜbOt] not [·robot]) and the currency’s name in their languages, the grammar (pl. robots not roboty). The Arabic European Council has surprisingly decreed word ‹ (qahwa) was borrowed via a variety that the spelling of the currency and of its of routes into a number of naturalized forms by subunit shall be identical in all official lan- the languages of Europe: kafe (Basque); cafè guages of the EU.1 It has also directed that the (Catalan); kaffe (Danish); koffie (Dutch); coffee plural and the singular of the words euro and (English); kahv (Estonian); kahvi (Finnish); café cent shall be identical in a number of these (French); (qava – Georgian); Kaffee (Ger- languages. -
Interest Rate Benchmark Reform in Japan
January 30, 2020 Bank of Japan Interest Rate Benchmark Reform in Japan Speech at the Kin′yu Konwa Kai (Financial Discussion Meeting) Hosted by the Jiji Press AMAMIYA Masayoshi Deputy Governor of the Bank of Japan (English translation based on the Japanese original) 0 Introduction Good afternoon, everyone. It is my pleasure to have the opportunity to speak to you today about the interest rate benchmark reform. The term "interest rate benchmark" may not sound familiar to those who are not engaged in financial businesses. It refers to a rate that reflects the prevailing market rates and serves as the base rate when determining the price of financial transactions. The most famous and widely used interest rate benchmark around the world is the London Interbank Offered Rate, or LIBOR, which is calculated based on the interest rates of interbank transactions in London. LIBOR is presently published for seven tenors ranging from overnight to 12 months, and for five currencies: the U.S. dollar (USD), British pound (GBP), Euro (EUR), Swiss franc (CHF), and Japanese yen (JPY). There are other interest rate benchmarks based on interbank offered rates, such as TIBOR, which is the Japanese yen interest rate benchmark published in Tokyo, and the EURIBOR, which is the Euro benchmark published in the Euro area. Recently, we have also seen the publication for major currencies of overnight interest rate benchmarks called "risk-free rates," which are literally interest rates that are not affected by credit risk. Interest rate benchmarks are actually used in large volume and a broad range of financial transactions including loans, bonds, and derivatives (Figure 1).