Country Codes and Currency Codes in Research Datasets Technical Report 2020-01
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Code List 11 Invoice Currency
Code list 11 Invoice currency Alphabetical order Code Code Alfa Alfa Country / region Country / region A BTN Bhutan ngultrum BOB Bolivian boliviano AFN Afghan new afghani BAM Bosnian mark ALL Albanian lek BWP Botswanan pula DZD Algerian dinar BRL Brazilian real USD American dollar BND Bruneian dollar AOA Angolan kwanza BGN Bulgarian lev ARS Argentinian peso BIF Burundi franc AMD Armenian dram AWG Aruban guilder AUD Australian dollar C AZN Azerbaijani new manat KHR Cambodian riel CAD Canadian dollar B CVE Cape Verdean KYD Caymanian dollar BSD Bahamian dollar XAF CFA franc of Central-African countries BHD Bahraini dinar XOF CFA franc of West-African countries BBD Barbadian dollar XPF CFP franc of Oceania BZD Belizian dollar CLP Chilean peso BYR Belorussian rouble CNY Chinese yuan renminbi BDT Bengali taka COP Colombian peso BMD Bermuda dollar KMF Comoran franc Code Code Alfa Alfa Country / region Country / region CDF Congolian franc CRC Costa Rican colon FKP Falkland Islands pound HRK Croatian kuna FJD Fijian dollar CUC Cuban peso CZK Czech crown G D GMD Gambian dalasi GEL Georgian lari DKK Danish crown GHS Ghanaian cedi DJF Djiboutian franc GIP Gibraltar pound DOP Dominican peso GTQ Guatemalan quetzal GNF Guinean franc GYD Guyanese dollar E XCD East-Caribbean dollar H EGP Egyptian pound GBP English pound HTG Haitian gourde ERN Eritrean nafka HNL Honduran lempira ETB Ethiopian birr HKD Hong Kong dollar EUR Euro HUF Hungarian forint F I Code Code Alfa Alfa Country / region Country / region ISK Icelandic crown LAK Laotian kip INR Indian rupiah -
Afghans in Iran: Migration Patterns and Aspirations No
TURUN YLIOPISTON MAANTIETEEN JA GEOLOGIAN LAITOKSEN JULKAISUJA PUBLICATIONS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY OF UNIVERSITY OF TURKU MAANTIETEEN JA GEOLOGIAN LAITOS DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY Afghans in Iran: Migration Patterns and Aspirations Patterns Migration in Iran: Afghans No. 14 TURUN YLIOPISTON MAANTIETEEN JA GEOLOGIAN LAITOKSEN JULKAISUJA PUBLICATIONS FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF TURKU No. 1. Jukka Käyhkö and Tim Horstkotte (Eds.): Reindeer husbandry under global change in the tundra region of Northern Fennoscandia. 2017. No. 2. Jukka Käyhkö och Tim Horstkotte (Red.): Den globala förändringens inverkan på rennäringen på norra Fennoskandiens tundra. 2017. No. 3. Jukka Käyhkö ja Tim Horstkotte (doaimm.): Boazodoallu globála rievdadusaid siste Davvi-Fennoskandia duottarguovlluin. 2017. AFGHANS IN IRAN: No. 4. Jukka Käyhkö ja Tim Horstkotte (Toim.): Globaalimuutoksen vaikutus porotalouteen Pohjois-Fennoskandian tundra-alueilla. 2017. MIGRATION PATTERNS No. 5. Jussi S. Jauhiainen (Toim.): Turvapaikka Suomesta? Vuoden 2015 turvapaikanhakijat ja turvapaikkaprosessit Suomessa. 2017. AND ASPIRATIONS No. 6. Jussi S. Jauhiainen: Asylum seekers in Lesvos, Greece, 2016-2017. 2017 No. 7. Jussi S. Jauhiainen: Asylum seekers and irregular migrants in Lampedusa, Italy, 2017. 2017 Nro 172 No. 8. Jussi S. Jauhiainen, Katri Gadd & Justus Jokela: Paperittomat Suomessa 2017. 2018. Salavati Sarcheshmeh & Bahram Eyvazlu Jussi S. Jauhiainen, Davood No. 9. Jussi S. Jauhiainen & Davood Eyvazlu: Urbanization, Refugees and Irregular Migrants in Iran, 2017. 2018. No. 10. Jussi S. Jauhiainen & Ekaterina Vorobeva: Migrants, Asylum Seekers and Refugees in Jordan, 2017. 2018. (Eds.) No. 11. Jussi S. Jauhiainen: Refugees and Migrants in Turkey, 2018. 2018. TURKU 2008 ΕήΟΎϬϣΕϼϳΎϤΗϭΎϫϮ̴ϟϥήϳέΩ̶ϧΎΘδϧΎϐϓϥήΟΎϬϣ ISBN No. -
17Th Annual Report of the Bank for International Settlements
BANK FOR INTERNATIONAL SETTLEMENTS SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 1st APRIL 1946—31st MARCH 1947 BASLE 16th June 1947 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. Introductory Remarks 5 II. Transition from War to Peace Economy 9 Budget situation (p. 9), resources for productive investments (p. 9), subsidies (p. 10), nationalisations (p. 11), financial accounts (p. 11), foreign credits and foreign aid (p. 13)., em- ployment policy (p. 14), shortage of consumption goods (p. 15), wage increases (p. 15), price control (p. 16), wheat situation (p. I"]), meat, fat etc. (p. 18), industrial production (p. 20 ), coal , situation (p. 22), over-employment (p. 25) . III. Price Movements 28 Types of movement (p. 28), prices in Greece (p. 28), Hungary (p. 28), Roumania (p. 29), China (p. 29), Poland (p. 30), Italy (p. 30), France (p. 31), Finland (p. 32), Bulgaria (p. 32), Belgium (p. 32), Czechoslovakia (p. 32), Holland (p. 32), Turkey (p. 32), United States (p. 33), Great Britain (p. 35), Germany (p. 36), Austria (p. 37), wartime shortages (p. 38), general observations (p. 39) IV. Recovery of Foreign Trade .................. 41 Volume of world trade (p. 41), foreign trade in the United States (p. 42), in Canada (p. 45), Great Britain (p. 46), Denmark (p. 49), Norway (p. 49), Sweden (p. 5°), Finland (p. 50), Belgium (p. 51), Holland (p. 51), Switzerland (p. 52), Portugal (p. 52), France (p. 52), Italy (p. 54), Germany (p. 55), Poland (p. 5&), Czechoslovakia (p. 57), Austria (p. 58), Hungary (p. 58), Roumania (p. 59), Yugoslavia (p. 59), Bulgaria (p. 59), Greecç (p. 59); Turkey (p. 60), U.S.S.R. -
UC Irvine Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UC Irvine UC Irvine Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Making Popular and Solidarity Economies in Dollarized Ecuador: Money, Law, and the Social After Neoliberalism Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3xx5n43g Author Nelms, Taylor Campbell Nahikian Publication Date 2015 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE Making Popular and Solidarity Economies in Dollarized Ecuador: Money, Law, and the Social After Neoliberalism DISSERTATION submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Anthropology by Taylor Campbell Nahikian Nelms Dissertation Committee: Professor Bill Maurer, Chair Associate Professor Julia Elyachar Professor George Marcus 2015 Portion of Chapter 1 © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All other materials © 2015 Taylor Campbell Nahikian Nelms TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv CURRICULUM VITAE vii ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION xi INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 1: “The Problem of Delimitation”: Expertise, Bureaucracy, and the Popular 51 and Solidarity Economy in Theory and Practice CHAPTER 2: Saving Sucres: Money and Memory in Post-Neoliberal Ecuador 91 CHAPTER 3: Dollarization, Denomination, and Difference 139 INTERLUDE: On Trust 176 CHAPTER 4: Trust in the Social 180 CHAPTER 5: Law, Labor, and Exhaustion 216 CHAPTER 6: Negotiable Instruments and the Aesthetics of Debt 256 CHAPTER 7: Interest and Infrastructure 300 WORKS CITED 354 ii LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1 Field Sites and Methods 49 Figure 2 Breakdown of Interviewees 50 Figure 3 State Institutions of the Popular and Solidarity Economy in Ecuador 90 Figure 4 A Brief Summary of Four Cajas (and an Association), as of January 2012 215 Figure 5 An Emic Taxonomy of Debt Relations (Bárbara’s Portfolio) 299 iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Every anthropologist seems to have a story like this one. -
42Nd Annual Report of the Bank for International Settlements
BANK FOR INTERNATIONAL SETTLEMENTS FORTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT 1st APRIL 1971 - 31st MARCH 1972 BASLE 12th June 1972 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction i I. The Crisis of the Dollar and the Monetary System 3 The US balance of payments (p. ß) ; US measures to limit the deficit (p. 11) ; the balance of surpluses and deficits (p. iß); the growing disequilibrium of the system (p. 16); prelude to 15 th August 1971 (p. 2ß); floating exchange rates (p. 27); the Smithsonian agreement (p. 29); post-Smithsonian developments (p. ßo) II. Survey of Economic and Monetary Developments and Policies 34 The domestic economic scene (p. ß4); money, credit and capital markets (p. ß8); developments and policies in individual countries: United States (p. 4;), Canada (p. 49), Japan (p. JI), United Kingdom (p. jß), Germany (p. JJ), France (p. 60), Italy (p. 6ß), Belgium (p. 6j), Netherlands (p. 66), Switzerland (p. 68), Austria (p. 69), Denmark (p. 70), Norway (p. 71), Sweden (p. 72), Finland (p. 74), Spain (p. 7j), Portugal (p. 76), Yugo- slavia (p. 77), Australia (p. 78), South Africa (p. 79); eastern Europe: Soviet Union (p. 80), German Democratic Republic (p. 80), Poland (p. 80), Chechoslovakia (p. 81), Hungary (p. 81), Rumania (p. 82), Bulgaria (p. 82) III. World Trade and Payments 83 International trade (p. 8ß); balances of payments (p. 8j): United States (p. 87), Canada (p. 89), Japan (p. 91), United Kingdom (p. 9ß), Germany (p. 94), France (p. 96), Italy (p. 98), Belgium-Luxemburg Economic Union (p. 100), Netherlands (p. ioi), Switzerland (p. 102), Austria (p. -
Crown Agents Bank's Currency Capabilities
Crown Agents Bank’s Currency Capabilities August 2020 Country Currency Code Foreign Exchange RTGS ACH Mobile Payments E/M/F Majors Australia Australian Dollar AUD ✓ ✓ - - M Canada Canadian Dollar CAD ✓ ✓ - - M Denmark Danish Krone DKK ✓ ✓ - - M Europe European Euro EUR ✓ ✓ - - M Japan Japanese Yen JPY ✓ ✓ - - M New Zealand New Zealand Dollar NZD ✓ ✓ - - M Norway Norwegian Krone NOK ✓ ✓ - - M Singapore Singapore Dollar SGD ✓ ✓ - - E Sweden Swedish Krona SEK ✓ ✓ - - M Switzerland Swiss Franc CHF ✓ ✓ - - M United Kingdom British Pound GBP ✓ ✓ - - M United States United States Dollar USD ✓ ✓ - - M Africa Angola Angolan Kwanza AOA ✓* - - - F Benin West African Franc XOF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Botswana Botswana Pula BWP ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Burkina Faso West African Franc XOF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Cameroon Central African Franc XAF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F C.A.R. Central African Franc XAF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Chad Central African Franc XAF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Cote D’Ivoire West African Franc XOF ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ F DR Congo Congolese Franc CDF ✓ - - ✓ F Congo (Republic) Central African Franc XAF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Egypt Egyptian Pound EGP ✓ ✓ - - F Equatorial Guinea Central African Franc XAF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Eswatini Swazi Lilangeni SZL ✓ ✓ - - F Ethiopia Ethiopian Birr ETB ✓ ✓ N/A - F 1 Country Currency Code Foreign Exchange RTGS ACH Mobile Payments E/M/F Africa Gabon Central African Franc XAF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Gambia Gambian Dalasi GMD ✓ - - - F Ghana Ghanaian Cedi GHS ✓ ✓ - ✓ F Guinea Guinean Franc GNF ✓ - ✓ - F Guinea-Bissau West African Franc XOF ✓ ✓ - - F Kenya Kenyan Shilling KES ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ F Lesotho Lesotho Loti LSL ✓ ✓ - - E Liberia Liberian -
GMCIF Global Multi-Currency Input File
Global Multi-Currency Input File (GMCIF) Version 2.68 Global Multi-Currency Settlement File (GMCIF) Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 4 Purpose of Document ..................................................................................................................................... 4 Supporting Documentation............................................................................................................................. 4 Support Services .............................................................................................................................................. 4 File Processing ...................................................................................................................................... 5 File Delivery ..................................................................................................................................................... 5 Processing Cycle .............................................................................................................................................. 5 Multiple Files ................................................................................................................................................... 5 Validation ....................................................................................................................................................... 5 Development Guidelines ..................................................................................................................... -
Crown Agents Bank's Currency Capabilities
Crown Agents Bank’s Currency Capabilities September 2020 Country Currency Code Foreign Exchange RTGS ACH Mobile Payments E/M/F Majors Australia Australian Dollar AUD ✓ ✓ - - M Canada Canadian Dollar CAD ✓ ✓ - - M Denmark Danish Krone DKK ✓ ✓ - - M Europe European Euro EUR ✓ ✓ - - M Japan Japanese Yen JPY ✓ ✓ - - M New Zealand New Zealand Dollar NZD ✓ ✓ - - M Norway Norwegian Krone NOK ✓ ✓ - - M Singapore Singapore Dollar SGD ✓ ✓ - - E Sweden Swedish Krona SEK ✓ ✓ - - M Switzerland Swiss Franc CHF ✓ ✓ - - M United Kingdom British Pound GBP ✓ ✓ - - M United States United States Dollar USD ✓ ✓ - - M Africa Angola Angolan Kwanza AOA ✓* - - - F Benin West African Franc XOF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Botswana Botswana Pula BWP ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Burkina Faso West African Franc XOF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Cameroon Central African Franc XAF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F C.A.R. Central African Franc XAF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Chad Central African Franc XAF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Cote D’Ivoire West African Franc XOF ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ F DR Congo Congolese Franc CDF ✓ - - ✓ F Congo (Republic) Central African Franc XAF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Egypt Egyptian Pound EGP ✓ ✓ - - F Equatorial Guinea Central African Franc XAF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Eswatini Swazi Lilangeni SZL ✓ ✓ - - F Ethiopia Ethiopian Birr ETB ✓ ✓ N/A - F 1 Country Currency Code Foreign Exchange RTGS ACH Mobile Payments E/M/F Africa Gabon Central African Franc XAF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Gambia Gambian Dalasi GMD ✓ - - - F Ghana Ghanaian Cedi GHS ✓ ✓ - ✓ F Guinea Guinean Franc GNF ✓ - ✓ - F Guinea-Bissau West African Franc XOF ✓ ✓ - - F Kenya Kenyan Shilling KES ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ F Lesotho Lesotho Loti LSL ✓ ✓ - - E Liberia Liberian -
The Gambia April 2019
Poverty & Equity Brief Sub-Saharan Africa The Gambia April 2019 In the Gambia, 10.1 percent of the population lived below the international poverty line in 2015 (poverty measured at 2011 PPP US$1.9 a day). In the Greater Banjul Area, which includes the local government areas of Banjul and Kanifing, the country's hub of key economic activities, the poverty rate was lower than in other urban areas. Poverty rates were highest in rural areas, where the poor typically work in the low-productivity agricultural sector, while in urban areas they work in the low-productivity informal service sectors. Even though poverty rates are high in the interior of the country compared to the coastal urban areas, the highest concentration of the poor population is found in direct proximity to the Greater Banjul Area, in the local government area of Brikama. Rapid urbanization in the past triggered by high rural-to-urban migration, led to a massing of poor people, many in their youth, in and around congested urban areas where inequality is high, traditional support systems are typically weak, and women face barriers in labor market participation. High levels of poverty are closely intertwined with low levels of productivity and limited resilience, as well as with economic and social exclusion. The poor are more likely to live in larger family units that are more likely to be polygamous and have more dependent children, have high adult and youth illiteracy rates, and are significantly more exposed to weather shocks than others. Chronic malnutrition (stunting) affects 25 percent of children under the age of five, and non-monetary indicators of poverty linked to infrastructure, health and nutrition illustrate that the country is lagging vis-à-vis peers in Sub-Saharan Africa. -
Country, Capital, Currency
List of all Countries, Capitals & Currencies of the World Country Capital Currency Afghanistan Kabul Afghan afghani Albania Tirana Albanian lek Algeria Agiers Algerian dinar Andorra Andorra la Vella Euro Angola Luanda Kwanza Antigua and Barbuda St. John’s East Caribbean dollar Argentina Buenos Aires Argentine peso Armenia Yerevan Armenian dram Australia Canberra Australian dollar Austria Vienna Euro Azerbaijan Baku Azerbaijani manat Bahamas Nassau Bahamian dollar Bahrain Manama Bahraini dinar Bangladesh Dhaka Bangladeshi taka Barbados Bridgetown Barbadian dollar Belarus Minsk Belarusian ruble Belgium Brussels Euro Belize Belmopan Belize dollar Benin Porto-Novo (official) West African CFA franc Bhutan Thimpu Bhutanese ngultrum Bolivia Sucre Bolivian boliviano Bosnia and Herzegovina Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark Botswana Gaborone Pula Brazil Brasília Brazilian real Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan Brunei dollar Bulgaria Sofia Bulgarian lev Burkina Faso Ouagadougou West African CFA franc Burundi Bujumbura Burundian franc Cambodia Phnom Penh Cambodian riel Cameroon Yaoundé Central African CFA franc Canada Ottawa Canadian dollar Cape Verde Praia Cape Verdean escudo Central African Republic Bangui Central African CFA franc Chad N’Djamena Central African CFA franc Chile Santiago Chilean peso China Beijing Chinese Yuan Renminbi Colombia Bogotá Colombian peso Comoros Moroni Comorian franc Costa Rica San José Costa Rican colon Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast) Yamoussoukro (official),Abidjan West African CFA franc (seat of government) Croatia -
Lessons from the European Monetary System
Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland August 15, 1987 exchange-rate considerations. Because been compromised by exchange-rate many facets of policymaking and imple- of Germany's economic importance volatility of nonparticipating currencies mentation. The slow progress of the ISSN 0428·127 within the European Community, the vis-a-vis the ERM currencies. European community with respect to the other participant countries have had to In particular, the Deutsche mark tends ERM and policy coordination, however, adjust their domestic policies or their to appreciate against other European exemplifies the difficulties of achieving exchange rates to remain competitive in currencies when the dollar depreciates. 9 agreements on these many points. Im- international markets under the con- The January 1987 realignment in the plementing target zones on a wider scale ECONOMIC Lessons from the straint of German monetary policy. ERM, for example, was necessitated in would be all the more difficult. Differ- Nations participating in the ERM large part because the dollar's deprecia- ences in preferences, policy objectives, European Monetary arrangement often buy and sell foreign tion against the Deutsche mark caused and economic structures account in part System currencies to defend their exchange the mark to appreciate relative to the for these difficulties. rates. Unfortunately, when such inter- other currencies in the ERM. Such re- More fundamentally, however, coor- by Nicholas V. Karamouzis vention is not supported by a change in a COMMENTARY alignments become necessary because dination of macroeconomic policies will nation's monetary policy, nor coordi- international investors do not hold all not necessarily benefit all participant nated with the intervention activities of ERM currencies in equal proportions in countries equally, and those that benefit other central banks, it only has a limited their portfolios and because of economic the most may not be willing to compen- influence on exchange rates. -
The Birth of the Continental Dollar, 1775
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE CONTINENTAL DOLLAR: INITIAL DESIGN, IDEAL PERFORMANCE, AND THE CREDIBILITY OF CONGRESSIONAL COMMITMENT Farley Grubb Working Paper 17276 http://www.nber.org/papers/w17276 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 August 2011 Preliminary versions were presented at Queens University, Kingston, Canada, 2010; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, 2010; the National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, 2011; the annual meeting of the Economic History Association, Boston, MA, 2011; and the University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 2011. The author thanks the participants for their comments. Research assistance by John Bockrath, Jiaxing Jiang, and Zachary Rose, and editorial assistance by Tracy McQueen, are gratefully acknowledged. The views expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer- reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. © 2011 by Farley Grubb. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. The Continental Dollar: Initial Design, Ideal Performance, and the Credibility of Congressional Commitment Farley Grubb NBER Working Paper No. 17276 August 2011, Revised February 2013 JEL No. E42,E52,G12,G18,H11,H56,H6,H71,N11,N21,N41 ABSTRACT An alternative history of the Continental dollar is constructed from original sources and tested against evidence on prices and exchange rates.