The Revolutionary Left and the Transition: Dynamics and Processes
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Terrorismo Y Propaganda En Los Medios De Comunicación. El Final De ETA a Través De La Prensa
UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA INFORMACIÓN DEPARTAMENTO DE PERIODISMO I (ANÁLISIS DEL MENSAJE INFORMATIVO) TESIS DOCTORAL Terrorismo y propaganda en los medios de comunicación. El final de ETA a través de la prensa MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR PRESENTADA POR Fernando Hernández Valls DIRECTORES José Manuel Rivas Troitiño María Yolanda Martínez Solana Madrid, 2017 © Fernando Hernández Valls, 2016 TESIS DOCTORAL TERRORISMO Y PROPAGANDA EN LOS MEDIOS DE COMUNICACIÓN El final de ETA a través de la prensa Autor: Fernando Hernández Valls Directores: José Manuel Rivas Troitiño y María Yolanda Martínez Solana FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA INFORMACIÓN Departamento de Periodismo I Madrid, 2016 UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA INFORMACIÓN DEPARTAMENTO DE PERIODISMO I (Análisis del Mensaje Informativo) TERRORISMO Y PROPAGANDA EN LOS MEDIOS DE COMUNICACIÓN El final de ETA a través de la prensa Tesis doctoral que presenta Fernando Hernández Valls para la obtención del Grado de Doctor Bajo la dirección de los doctores José Manuel Rivas Troitiño María Yolanda Martínez Solana MADRID 2016 1 Índice Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………………6 Abstract en inglés………………………………………………………………………………….8 1. Hipótesis………………………………………………………………………………………10 1.1. Objetivos de la investigación…..………………………….…………….……………7 1.2. Justificación…………………………………………………………………………13 1.3. Metodología y análisis de contenido………………………………………………...14 2. Introducción…………………………………………………………………………….……..17 2.1. ETA y la prensa……………………………………………………………………..20 3. Primera parte. Marco teórico………………………………………………………………….29 3.1. ¿Qué es el terrorismo?.................................................................................................29 3.2. El punto de partida: ETA marca la historia del País Vasco…………………………31 3.3. Pasos para el fin de la violencia. Personajes clave………………………………….36 3.4. El principio del fin de ETA…………………………………………………………41 3.4.1. -
The Lehendakari
E.ETXEAK montaje ENG 3/5/01 16:08 P‡gina 1 Issue 49 YEAR 2001 TheThe LehendakariLehendakari callscalls forfor anan electionelection inin thethe BasqueBasque CountryCountry onon MayMay 13th13th E.ETXEAK montaje ENG 4/5/01 08:53 P‡gina 2 Laburpena SUMMARY Laburpena SUMMARY EDITORIALA■EDITORIAL – Supplementary statement to the Decree dissolving Parliament ...................... 3 GAURKO GAIAK■CURRENT EVENTS – Instructions for voting by mail .................................................................................. 5 – Basque election predictions according to surveys................................................ 6 PERTSONALITATEAK■PERSONALITIES – The Sabino Arana Awards for the year 2000........................................................ 8 EUSKAL ETXEAK – The Human Rights Commissioner visited the Basque Country ....................... 8 ISSUE 49 - YEAR 2001 URTEA – Francesco Cossiga received the "Lagun Onari" honor ...................................... 9 EGILEA AUTHOR Eusko Jaurlaritza-Kanpo – The Government of Catalonia receives part of its history Harremanetarako Idazkaritza Nagusia from the Sabino Arana Foundation ....................................................................... 10 Basque Government-Secretary General for Foreign Action – The Secretary of State of Idaho calls for the U.S. C/ Navarra, 2 to mediate in the Basque Country......................................................................... 11 01007 VITORIA-GASTEIZ Phone: 945 01 79 00 ■ [email protected] ERREPORTAIAK ARTICLES ZUZENDARIA DIRECTOR – The -
Comparing the Basque Diaspora
COMPARING THE BASQUE DIASPORA: Ethnonationalism, transnationalism and identity maintenance in Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Peru, the United States of America, and Uruguay by Gloria Pilar Totoricagiiena Thesis submitted in partial requirement for Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The London School of Economics and Political Science University of London 2000 1 UMI Number: U145019 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U145019 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Theses, F 7877 7S/^S| Acknowledgments I would like to gratefully acknowledge the supervision of Professor Brendan O’Leary, whose expertise in ethnonationalism attracted me to the LSE and whose careful comments guided me through the writing of this thesis; advising by Dr. Erik Ringmar at the LSE, and my indebtedness to mentor, Professor Gregory A. Raymond, specialist in international relations and conflict resolution at Boise State University, and his nearly twenty years of inspiration and faith in my academic abilities. Fellowships from the American Association of University Women, Euskal Fundazioa, and Eusko Jaurlaritza contributed to the financial requirements of this international travel. -
ESS9 Appendix A3 Political Parties Ed
APPENDIX A3 POLITICAL PARTIES, ESS9 - 2018 ed. 3.0 Austria 2 Belgium 4 Bulgaria 7 Croatia 8 Cyprus 10 Czechia 12 Denmark 14 Estonia 15 Finland 17 France 19 Germany 20 Hungary 21 Iceland 23 Ireland 25 Italy 26 Latvia 28 Lithuania 31 Montenegro 34 Netherlands 36 Norway 38 Poland 40 Portugal 44 Serbia 47 Slovakia 52 Slovenia 53 Spain 54 Sweden 57 Switzerland 58 United Kingdom 61 Version Notes, ESS9 Appendix A3 POLITICAL PARTIES ESS9 edition 3.0 (published 10.12.20): Changes from previous edition: Additional countries: Denmark, Iceland. ESS9 edition 2.0 (published 15.06.20): Changes from previous edition: Additional countries: Croatia, Latvia, Lithuania, Montenegro, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden. Austria 1. Political parties Language used in data file: German Year of last election: 2017 Official party names, English 1. Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs (SPÖ) - Social Democratic Party of Austria - 26.9 % names/translation, and size in last 2. Österreichische Volkspartei (ÖVP) - Austrian People's Party - 31.5 % election: 3. Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs (FPÖ) - Freedom Party of Austria - 26.0 % 4. Liste Peter Pilz (PILZ) - PILZ - 4.4 % 5. Die Grünen – Die Grüne Alternative (Grüne) - The Greens – The Green Alternative - 3.8 % 6. Kommunistische Partei Österreichs (KPÖ) - Communist Party of Austria - 0.8 % 7. NEOS – Das Neue Österreich und Liberales Forum (NEOS) - NEOS – The New Austria and Liberal Forum - 5.3 % 8. G!LT - Verein zur Förderung der Offenen Demokratie (GILT) - My Vote Counts! - 1.0 % Description of political parties listed 1. The Social Democratic Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs, or SPÖ) is a social above democratic/center-left political party that was founded in 1888 as the Social Democratic Worker's Party (Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei, or SDAP), when Victor Adler managed to unite the various opposing factions. -
Review of European and National Election Results 2014-2019 Mid-Term January 2017
Review of European and National Election Results 2014-2019 Mid-term January 2017 STUDY Public Opinion Monitoring Series Directorate-General for Communication Published by EPRS | European Parliamentary Research Service Author: Jacques Nancy, Public Opinion Monitoring Unit PE 599.242 Directorate-General for Communication Public Opinion Monitoring Unit REVIEW EE2014 Edition Spéciale Mi-Législature Special Edition on Mid-term Legislature LES ÉLECTIONS EUROPÉENNES ET NATIONALES EN CHIFFRES EUROPEAN AND NATIONAL ELECTIONS RESULTS TABLES Mise à jour – 20 janvier 2017 Update – 20th January 2017 8éme Législature 8th Parliamentary Term DANS CETTE EDITION Page IN THIS EDITION Page EDITORIAL11 EDITORIAL I.COMPOSITION DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN 6 I. COMPOSITION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT 6 A.REPARTITION DES SIEGES 7 A.DISTRIBUTION OF SEATS 7 B.COMPOSITION DU PARLEMENT 8 B.COMPOSITION OF THE PARLIAMENT 8 -9-9AU 01/07/2014 ON THE 01/07/2014 -10-10AU 20/01/2017 ON THE 20/01/2017 C.SESSIONS CONSTITUTIVES ET PARLEMENT 11 C.CONSTITUTIVE SESSIONS AND OUTGOING EP 11 SORTANT DEPUIS 1979 SINCE 1979 D.REPARTITION FEMMES - HOMMES 29 D.PROPORTION OF WOMEN AND MEN 29 AU 20/01/2017 ON 20/01/2017 -30-30PAR GROUPE POLITIQUE AU 20/01/2017 IN THE POLITICAL GROUPS ON 20/01/2017 ET DEPUIS 1979 AND SINCE 1979 E.PARLEMENTAIRES RÉÉLUS 33 E.RE-ELECTED MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT 33 II.NOMBRE DE PARTIS NATIONAUX AU PARLEMENT 35 II.NUMBER OF NATIONAL PARTIES IN THE EUROPEAN 35 EUROPEEN AU 20/01/2017 PARLIAMENT ON 20/01/2017 III.TAUX DE PARTICIPATION 37 III. TURNOUT 37 -38-38TAUX DE PARTICIPATION -
The Spanish Communist Party in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39), Vol
The Defence of Madrid: The Spanish Communist Party in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39), Vol. Amanda Marie Spencer Ph. D. History Department of History, University of Sheffield June 2006 i Contents: - List of plates iii List of maps iv Summary v Introduction 5 1 The PCE during the Second Spanish Republic 17 2 In defence of the Republic 70 3 The defence of Madrid: The emergence of communist hegemony? 127 4 Hegemony vs. pluralism: The PCE as state-builder 179 5 Hegemony challenged 229 6 Hegemony unravelled. The demise of the PCE 274 Conclusion 311 Appendix 319 Bibliography 322 11 Plates Between pp. 178 and 179 I PCE poster on military instruction in the rearguard (anon) 2a PCE poster 'Unanimous obedience is triumph' (Pedraza Blanco) b PCE poster'Mando Unico' (Pedraza Blanco) 3 UGT poster'To defend Madrid is to defend Cataluna' (Marti Bas) 4 Political Commissariat poster'For the independence of Spain' (Renau) 5 Madrid Defence Council poster'First we must win the war' (anon) 6a Political Commissariat poster Training Academy' (Canete) b Political Commissariat poster'Care of Arms' (anon) 7 lzquierda Republicana poster 'Mando Unico' (Beltran) 8 Madrid Defence Council poster'Popular Army' (Melendreras) 9 JSU enlistment poster (anon) 10 UGT/PSUC poster'What have you done for victory?' (anon) 11 Russian civil war poster'Have you enlisted as a volunteer?' (D.Moor) 12 Poster'Sailors of Kronstadt' (Renau) 13 Poster 'Political Commissar' (Renau) 14a PCE Popular Front poster (Cantos) b PCE Popular Front poster (Bardasano) iii Maps 1 Central Madrid in 1931 2 Districts of Madrid in 1931 2 3 Province of Madrid 3 4 District of Cuatro Caminos 4 iv Summary The role played by the Spanish Communist Party (Partido Comunista de Espana, PCE) during the Spanish Civil War of 1936-39 remains controversial to this day. -
Overview of Organizational Developments in Spanish Anti-Revisionism
Encyclopedia of Anti-Revisionism On-Line * Spain Overview of Page | 1 organisational developments First Published: May 2019 Transcription, Editing and Markup: Sam Richards and Paul Saba Copyright: This work is in the Public Domain under the Creative Commons Common Deed. You can freely copy, distribute and display this work; as well as make derivative and commercial works. Please credit the Encyclopedia of Anti-Revisionism On-Line as your source, include the url to this work, and note any of the transcribers, editors & proofreaders above. In 1963 the first anti-revisionists Marxist-Leninist organisations arose, and after that, various others developed either through subsequent splits or by indirect or direct routes, not least the student movement and catholic circles influenced by Marxism. Like elsewhere in Europe, inspired by the Sino-Soviet Polemic and later the Cultural Revolution, there was an organisational rupture, a separation from the revisionist party, but how much of a political, ideological and organisational rupture was there? The proliferation of small militants groups1, and an inability to rally a stable recognised leadership that could command allegiance amongst the various trends saw unresolved ideological concerns engendered criticism and splits that were never resolved in any organisation that could act as, rather than proclaim itself, the successor of the PCE. Spanish anti-revisionists operated under a repressive authoritarian regime headed by Franco whose military coup had overthrown the Spanish republic. It was a heroic struggle in a regime noted for its anti-communist repression and police killing demonstrating workers in the streets, generating an armed response of differing intensity and effectiveness. -
ETA and the Public, 1959-1987
ETA and the Public McCreanor ETA and the Public, 1959-1987 KYLE McCREANOR1 After an ephemeral moment of autonomy during the Spanish Civil War, the Basque Country was conquered by Spanish Nationalist forces. Under the dictatorship of General Francisco Franco, the Basque people were subject to heavy oppression. The Francoist state sought to eliminate the Basque language and culture as part of a grand vision to create a ‘unified Spain.’ In 1959, a Basque guerrilla resistance movement, Euskadi ta Askatasuna (ETA: Basque Country and Freedom) was born with a mission to preserve their unique language and culture, and ultimately, to secure an independent Basque state. Their initial strategy was to incite a revolution by symbolic acts of violence against the Franco regime and gain popular support in the Basque Country. This paper explores ETA’s relationship with the public, analyzing the ways in which they cultivated support and disseminated their ideas to the masses. However, what the research finds is that as ETA’s strategy changed, so did their relationship with the public. After Spain’s democratization, ETA abandoned the idea of bringing about a revolution of the masses, and sought only to wage a violent war of attrition against the Spanish state in order to establish a sovereign Basque nation. The Basque Country, or Euskadi, is a region straddling the Northern Pyrenees, falling under the jurisdiction of Spain and France. It is the homeland of the Basque people, an ancient 1 This research paper was made possible by a Directed Reading course in the Department of History, supervised by Professor Matthew Koch. -
New Perspectives on Nationalism in Spain • Carsten Jacob Humlebæk and Antonia María Ruiz Jiménez New Perspectives on Nationalism in Spain
New Perspectives on Nationalism in Spain in Nationalism on Perspectives New • Carsten Humlebæk Jacob and Antonia María Jiménez Ruiz New Perspectives on Nationalism in Spain Edited by Carsten Jacob Humlebæk and Antonia María Ruiz Jiménez Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Genealogy www.mdpi.com/journal/genealogy New Perspectives on Nationalism in Spain New Perspectives on Nationalism in Spain Editors Carsten Humlebæk Antonia Mar´ıaRuiz Jim´enez MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade • Manchester • Tokyo • Cluj • Tianjin Editors Carsten Humlebæk Antonia Mar´ıa Ruiz Jimenez´ Copenhagen Business School Universidad Pablo de Olavide Denmark Spain Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Genealogy (ISSN 2313-5778) (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/genealogy/special issues/perspective). For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-03943-082-6 (Hbk) ISBN 978-3-03943-083-3 (PDF) c 2020 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND. -
Some Questions Concerning the Crisis of Marxist Theory and of the International Communist Movement
Historical Materialism �3.� (�0�5) �5�–�78 brill.com/hima Some Questions Concerning the Crisis of Marxist Theory and of the International Communist Movement Louis Althusser I feel very honoured and moved to be able to speak before you all today, thanks to the kind invitation of the Catalan College of Building Engineers and Technical Architects. This is the third time that I have spoken in Spain. The first time was in Granada, during Easter 1976. I gave a talk on whether or not we can speak of the existence of a Marxist philosophy. The second time was a few days later in Madrid, where I gave the same talk. Several thousand students came to each. In Granada there were too many people for a public debate, but in Madrid a discussion was possible thanks to the disposition of the venue’s management, and even despite the great number of students. They asked me questions on the French and Spanish political situation and the abandonment of the dictatorship of the proletariat by the Twenty-Second Congress of the French Communist Party (PCF). I answered all of their questions, but I got the impres- sion that much of the audience thought that my talk was too much philosophy and not enough politics. I know that I am today speaking in a city where the popular and democratic forces have reconquered the right to wage their struggle out in the open, and that if today I can speak before you freely – and speak freely about politics – then I owe this to the struggle waged by the popular forces of Barcelona. -
Alternatives in a World of Crisis
ALTERNATIVES IN A WORLD OF CRISIS GLOBAL WORKING GROUP BEYOND DEVELOPMENT MIRIAM LANG, CLAUS-DIETER KÖNIG EN AND ADA-CHARLOTTE REGELMANN (EDS) ALTERNATIVES IN A WORLD OF CRISIS INTRODUCTION 3 I NIGERIA NIGER DELTA: COMMUNITY AND RESISTANCE 16 II VENEZUELA THE BOLIVARIAN EXPERIENCE: A STRUGGLE TO TRANSCEND CAPITALISM 46 III ECUADOR NABÓN COUNTY: BUILDING LIVING WELL FROM THE BOTTOM UP 90 IV INDIA MENDHA-LEKHA: FOREST RIGHTS AND SELF-EMPOWERMENT 134 V SPAIN BARCELONA EN COMÚ: THE MUNICIPALIST MOVEMENT TO SEIZE THE INSTITUTIONS 180 VI GREECE ATHENS AND THESSALONIKI: BOTTOM-UP SOLIDARITY ALTERNATIVES IN TIMES OF CRISIS 222 CONCLUSIONS 256 GLOBAL WORKING GROUP BEYOND DEVELOPMENT Miriam Lang, Claus-Dieter König and Ada-Charlotte Regelmann (Eds) Brussels, April 2018 SEEKING ALTERNATIVES BEYOND DEVELOPMENT Miriam Lang and Raphael Hoetmer ~ 2 ~ INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION ~ 3 ~ This book is the result of a collective effort. In fact, it has been written by many contribu- tors from all over the world – women, men, activists, and scholars from very different socio-cultural contexts and political horizons, who give testimony to an even greater scope of social change. Their common concern is to show not only that alternatives do exist, despite the neoliberal mantra of the “end of history”, but that many of these alternatives are currently unfolding – even if in many cases they remain invisible to us. This book brings together a selection of texts portraying transformative processes around the world that are emblematic in that they been able to change their situated social realities in multiple ways, addressing different axes of domination simultaneously, and anticipating forms of social organization that configure alternatives to the commodi- fying, patriarchal, colonial, and destructive logics of modern capitalism. -
18-19 BARKOS+AGUILAR 14-16 ETA+AGUILAR.Qxd 20/10/11 13:44 Página 18
18-19 BARKOS+AGUILAR_14-16 ETA+AGUILAR.qxd 20/10/11 13:44 Página 18 POLITICA ENTREVISTAS 20-N / Uxue Barkos, candidata de Geroa cercana esa exigencia, bienvenidos sean. Y quien diga lo contrario, seguramente se es- Bai y portavoz de NaBai en el Congreso tá dejando llevar por intereses que no son generales, ni en interés de la paz. Ojalá la conferencia tenga el resultado que debe te- ner; de momento tenemos que todos los ac- “EL PP HA HECHO DE tores políticos, todos, piden a ETA, por pri- mera vez, que abandone la vía del terroris- mo y que asuma que el papel de la política LA CRISIS SU CAMPAÑA ” es para los representantes de la ciudadanía. —¿Tiene la sensación de que la declara- Acaba de superar una dura enfermedad –“Estoy, en principio curada, y a esperar ción del fin de ETA es inminente? que no se repita”– y, de nuevo, una de las más brillantes parlamentarias del —Son muchos los rumores, y es el men- Congreso está dispuesta a seguir dando la batalla, en esta ocasión desde las filas saje que estamos escuchando una y otra vez de Geroa Bai. Pese a la marcha de Aralar y Batzarre de Nafarroa Bai, la hasta ahora de voces más y menos autorizadas. Pero yo portavoz de la coalición en el Congreso, confía en repetir y en que la fuerza de los siempre he dicho que no me gusta aventu- rar previsiones con un asunto tan delicado indignados del 15-M y del resto de la sociedad, evitará una mayoría absoluta de la y tan importante como es el de un futuro en derecha en las próximas elecciones generales.