ISO 639-3 Code Split Request Template
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Standards for Language Coding: the ISO 639 Family
Standards for language coding: the ISO 639 family Rebecca Guenther Library of Congress Jan. 8, 2010 ISO Standards development !! ISO consists of Technical Committees (TC) with subcommittees (SC) !! ISO language coding standards are maintained by !! TC 37/SC2 (Terminology and other language and content resources ) !! TC 46/SC4 (Information and documentation) LSA Annual Meeting 2 ISO 639 standards !! ISO 639-1: 2-character codes (136 codes) !! ISO 639-2: 3-character codes (450+) !! ISO 639-3: 3-character codes (7700+) !! ISO 639-4: principles !! ISO 639-5: 3-character codes (114) !! ISO 639-6: 4-character codes (??) LSA Annual Meeting 3 ISO 639 Joint Advisory Committee !! Established to advise the RAs for ISO 639-1 and ISO 639-2 !! Rotating chairs: Infoterm (for TC37) and Library of Congress (for TC46) !! Committee consists of 3 members of each TC, representatives of each registration authority and up to 6 observers !! Coordinates development of different parts of ISO 639 LSA Annual Meeting 4 ISO 639 language coding principles !! Language codes are not changed for stability of standard !! If a language code is retired it is not reassigned to something else !! Programming languages are not in scope !! Only deals with languages; codes from other ISO standards may be added as needed for more granularity, e.g. country codes, script codes LSA Annual Meeting 5 ISO 639-1 !! First published 1967 !! Covers major languages of the world !! Alpha-2 codes; only 676 possible combinations !! Developed for use in terminology applications !! Consists of -
Tags for Identifying Languages File:///C:/W3/International/Draft-Langtags/Draft-Phillips-Lan
Tags for Identifying Languages file:///C:/w3/International/draft-langtags/draft-phillips-lan... Network Working Group A. Phillips, Ed. TOC Internet-Draft webMethods, Inc. Expires: October 7, 2004 M. Davis IBM April 8, 2004 Tags for Identifying Languages draft-phillips-langtags-02 Status of this Memo This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt. The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. This Internet-Draft will expire on October 7, 2004. Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2004). All Rights Reserved. Abstract This document describes a language tag for use in cases where it is desired to indicate the language used in an information object, how to register values for use in this language tag, and a construct for matching such language tags, including user defined extensions for private interchange. Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. The Language Tag 2.1 Syntax 2.2 Language Tag Sources 2.2.1 Pre-Existing RFC3066 Registrations 1 of 20 08/04/2004 11:03 Tags for Identifying Languages file:///C:/w3/International/draft-langtags/draft-phillips-lan.. -
Attitudes Towards the Safeguarding of Minority Languages and Dialects in Modern Italy
ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE SAFEGUARDING OF MINORITY LANGUAGES AND DIALECTS IN MODERN ITALY: The Cases of Sardinia and Sicily Maria Chiara La Sala Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds Department of Italian September 2004 This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. The candidate confirms that the work submitted is her own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. ABSTRACT The aim of this thesis is to assess attitudes of speakers towards their local or regional variety. Research in the field of sociolinguistics has shown that factors such as gender, age, place of residence, and social status affect linguistic behaviour and perception of local and regional varieties. This thesis consists of three main parts. In the first part the concept of language, minority language, and dialect is discussed; in the second part the official position towards local or regional varieties in Europe and in Italy is considered; in the third part attitudes of speakers towards actions aimed at safeguarding their local or regional varieties are analyzed. The conclusion offers a comparison of the results of the surveys and a discussion on how things may develop in the future. This thesis is carried out within the framework of the discipline of sociolinguistics. ii DEDICATION Ai miei figli Youcef e Amil che mi hanno distolto -
Ethnologue: Languages of Honduras Twentieth Edition Data
Ethnologue: Languages of Honduras Twentieth edition data Gary F. Simons and Charles D. Fennig, Editors Based on information from the Ethnologue, 20th edition: Simons, Gary F. and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2017. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Twentieth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online: http://www.ethnologue.com. For personal use only Permission to distribute or reuse this work (in whole or in part) may be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center at http://www.copyright.com. SIL International, 7500 West Camp Wisdom Road, Dallas, Texas 75236-5699 USA Web: www.sil.org, Phone: +1 972 708 7404, Email: [email protected] Ethnologue: Languages of Honduras 2 Contents List of Abbreviations 3 How to Use This Digest 4 Country Overview 6 Language Status Profile 7 Statistical Summaries 8 Alphabetical Listing of Languages 11 Language Map 14 Languages by Population 15 Languages by Status 16 Languages by Department 18 Languages by Family 19 Language Code Index 20 Language Name Index 21 Bibliography 22 Copyright © 2017 by SIL International All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, redistributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without the prior written permission of SIL International, with the exception of brief excerpts in articles or reviews. Ethnologue: Languages of Honduras 3 List of Abbreviations A Agent in constituent word order alt. alternate name for alt. dial. alternate dialect name for C Consonant in canonical syllable patterns CDE Convention against Discrimination in Education (1960) Class Language classification CPPDCE Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions (2005) CSICH Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage (2003) dial. -
Pirandello Proto-Modern: a New Reading of <I>L'esclusa</I>
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 9-2017 Pirandello Proto-Modern: A New Reading of L’Esclusa Bradford Masoni The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/2330 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] PIRANDELLO PROTO-MODERN: A NEW READING OF L’ESCLUSA by Bradford A. Masoni A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Comparative Literature in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York. 2017 © 2017 BRADFORD A. MASONI All Rights Reserved ii Pirandello Proto-Modern: A New Reading of L’Esclusa by Bradford A. Masoni This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Comparative Literature in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ____________________ ________________________________ Date Paolo Fasoli Chair of Examining Committee ____________________ _____________________________ Date Giancarlo Lombardi Executive Officer Supervisory Committee: Paolo Fasoli Giancarlo Lombardi William Coleman THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii ABSTRACT Pirandello Proto-Modern: A New Reading of L’Esclusa by Bradford A. Masoni Advisor: Paolo Fasoli Luigi Pirandello’s first novel, L’Esclusa, written in 1893, but not published in its definitive edition until 1927, straddles two literary worlds: that of the realistic style of the Italian veristi, and something new, a style and approach to narrative that anticipates the theory of writing Pirandello lays out in his long essay L’Umorismo, as well as the kinds of experimental writing that one associates with early-20th-century modernism in general, and with Pirandello’s later work in particular. -
Sicilian Americans Have Something to Say, in Sicilian
Sicilian Americans Have Something to Say, in Sicilian Every Wednesday night, a small group of students gather for their language course at the Italian Charities of America Inc. in Flushing, Queens. Ironically, the students are not interested in learning Italian, but a separate language that arrived during the wave of Italian immigration to New York City. These students are the children and grandchildren of Sicilian immigrants. “We only write the phrases on the board in Sicilian, not in Italian, so that is what stays in our memories after class,” says Salvatore Cottone, teacher of the Sicilian language class. On the chalkboard, Cottone has written, “Dumani Marialena sinni va cu zitu.” If he were to compare it to Italian, it would say “Marialena andrà con il suo ragazzo.” It would not help the students to observe the ways that one language relates to the other; they are completely separate in form, construction, and syntax. Sicilian and Italian are both audibly and visibly diverse. To note a few examples, Sicilian uses different vowel sounds, relying on a long “u” rather than the “o” as in “trenu” (train) and “libbru” (book) instead of “treno” and “libro.” There is no future tense verb conjugation; instead, context words such as tomorrow, “dumani,” and later, “doppu,” are used to indicate that the action will take place in the future. The cadence and pronunciation of Sicilian also demonstrate obvious differences from the standard Italian. Scholars have found that Sicilian was the first written language in Italy after Latin. Declared by UNESCO as the first romance language of Europe, Sicilian contains a unique vocabulary of over 250,000 words. -
For a Mapping of the Languages/Dialects of Italy And
For a mapping of the languages/dialects of Italy and regional varieties of Italian Philippe Boula de Mareüil, Eric Bilinski, Frédéric Vernier, Valentina de Iacovo, Antonio Romano To cite this version: Philippe Boula de Mareüil, Eric Bilinski, Frédéric Vernier, Valentina de Iacovo, Antonio Romano. For a mapping of the languages/dialects of Italy and regional varieties of Italian. New Ways of Analyzing Dialectal Variation, In press. hal-03318939 HAL Id: hal-03318939 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03318939 Submitted on 11 Aug 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. For a mapping of the languages/dialects of Italy and regional varieties of Italian Introduction Unifi ed late, Italy is well-known for its great linguistic diversity. This diversity has been thoroughly covered by linguistic atlases such as the Italian-Swiss Atlas (Jaberg / Jud 1928-1940), the Italian Linguistic Atlas (Bartoli et al. 1995), or the linguistic atlases of the Dolomites (Goebl 2003, 2012), Sicily (Sottile 2018), Calabria (Krefeld 2019) and the Piedmont mountains (Cugno / Cusan 2019), for which projects have undertaken to digitise a portion of the material (Tisato 2010) 1 . In other countries, too, various projects have aimed to make the dialect data collected in the 20th century more widely accessible: in France (Goebl 2002; Oliviéri et al. -
Montevelino.It Languages and Dialects Document the Following Text
montevelino.it Languages and dialects document The following text 'was drawn up at the Regional Conference on Languages, promoted to the European Parliament in Strasbourg, 18 November 1999 by the Parliamentary Group Autonomist European Free Alliance and the Greens. Languages spoken in the territory of the Italian State Proposals for a policy of Multilingualism Integral Written by: Dr. R. Bolognesi - linguist University of Groningen (Netherlands) Matteo Incerti - Journalist Introduction: The proposals presented here, we set ourselves the goal to identify, based on technical criteria as possible, minority languages present in the State italiano.Comunque than the problem of the distinction between languages and dialects, it is important to clarify immediately that such a distinction, beyond certain limits, technically impossible, as well as politically presumptuous. Includes in particular the words of Guido Barbina: "Let us pass, because purely academic and sometimes misleading pretext the problem of differentiating between language and dialect, such a distinction would be impossible, there would certainly clarify the issue of proper classification of cases Italian linguistic differences. "In contrast to widespread belief among the uninitiated, when a linguist speaks of the" dialect of the language X Y "is not describing a relationship between two linguistic entities hierarchically connected, but only trying to save the many words that would need to repeat that he is referring to a linguistic system X, which for convenience may indicate varieties socially and / or geographically defined a family of languages can be shown sufficiently homogeneous, more for convenience, as the language of Y. From a strictly technical point of view, in fact, the dialect X can also justifiably be described as language as sufficiently defined and limited, while the Y language should be more appropriately defined as a family of dialects Y. -
Minorities Formation in Italy
Minorities Formation in Italy GIOVANNA CAMPANI Minorities Formation in Italy Introduction For historical reasons Italy has always been characterized as a linguistically and culturally fragmented society. Italy became a unifi ed nation-state in 1860 after having been divided, for centuries, into small regional states and having been dominated, in successive times, by different European countries (France, Spain, and Austria). As a result, two phenomena have marked and still mark the country: - the existence of important regional and local differences (from the cultural, but also economic and political point of view); the main difference is represented by the North-South divide (the question of the Mezzogiorno) that has strongly in- fl uenced Italian history and is still highly present in political debates; and - the presence of numerous “linguistic” minorities (around fi ve percent of the Italian population) that are very different from each other. In Italy, one commonly speaks of linguistic minorities: regional and local differences are expressed by the variety of languages and dialects that are still spoken in Italy. The term “ethnic” is scarcely used in Italy, even if it has been employed to defi ne minorities together with the term “tribes” (see GEO special issue “the tribes of Italy”). When minorities speak of themselves, they speak in terms of populations, peo- ples, languages, and cultures. The greatest concentration of minorities is in border areas in the northeast and northwest that have been at the centre of wars and controversies during the 20th century. Other minorities settled on the two main islands (where they can sometimes constitute a ma- 1 Giovanna Campani jority, such as the Sardinians). -
ISO 639-3 Code Split Request Template
ISO 639-3 Registration Authority Request for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code Change Request Number: 2019-063 (completed by Registration authority) Date: 2019 Aug 31 Primary Person submitting request: Kirk Miller E-mail address: kirkmiller at gmail dot com Names, affiliations and email addresses of additional supporters of this request: PLEASE NOTE: This completed form will become part of the public record of this change request and the history of the ISO 639-3 code set and will be posted on the ISO 639-3 website. Types of change requests Type of change proposed (check one): 1. Modify reference information for an existing language code element 2. Propose a new macrolanguage or modify a macrolanguage group 3. Retire a language code element from use (duplicate or non-existent) 4. Expand the denotation of a code element through the merging one or more language code elements into it (retiring the latter group of code elements) 5. Split a language code element into two or more new code elements 6. Create a code element for a previously unidentified language For proposing a change to an existing code element, please identify: Affected ISO 639-3 identifier: wuu Associated reference name: Wu Chinese 5. Split a language code element into two or more code elements (a) List the languages into which this code element should be split: Taihu Wu Chinese Taizhou Wu Chinese Wuzhou Wu Chinese (Jinqu Wu) Xuanzhou Wu Chinese Chuqu Wu Chinese (Shangli Wu) Oujiang Wu / Ouyu Chinese The highest priority is Oujiang. (b) Referring to the criteria given above, give the rationale for splitting the existing code element into two or more languages: The varieties of Wu are not mutually intelligible. -
ISO 639-2 Language Code Lis
ISO 639-2 Language Code List - Codes for the representation of... h p://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php Library of Congress >> Standards IS0 639-2 HOME - Code List - Changes to Codes ISO 639 Joint Advisory Committee - ISO 639-1 Registration Authority Codes for the Representation of Names of Languages Codes arranged alphabetically by alpha-3/ISO 639-2 Code Note: ISO 639-2 is the alpha-3 code in Codes for the representation of names of languages-- Part 2. There are 21 languages that have alternative codes for bibliographic or terminology purposes. In those cases, each is listed separately and they are designated as "B" (bibliographic) or "T" (terminology). In all other cases there is only one ISO 639-2 code. Multiple codes assigned to the same language are to be considered synonyms. ISO 639-1 is the alpha-2 code. ISO 639-2 Code ISO 639-1 Code English name of French name of Language Language aar aa Afar afar abk ab Abkhazian abkhaze ace Achinese aceh ach Acoli acoli ada Adangme adangme ady Adyghe; Adygei adyghé afa Afro-Asiatic languages afro-asiatiques, langues afh Afrihili afrihili afr af Afrikaans afrikaans ain Ainu aïnou aka ak Akan akan akk Akkadian akkadien alb (B) sq Albanian albanais sqi (T) ale Aleut aléoute alg Algonquian languages algonquines, langues alt Southern Altai altai du Sud amh am Amharic amharique ang English, Old (ca.450-1100) anglo-saxon (ca.450-1100) anp Angika angika apa Apache languages apaches, langues ara ar Arabic arabe arc Official Aramaic (700-300 araméen d'empire BCE); Imperial Aramaic (700-300 BCE) (700-300 BCE) arg an Aragonese aragonais 1 von 15 15.01.2010 15:16 ISO 639-2 Language Code List - Codes for the representation of.. -
Attention Arba Sicula Members! Our Address Has Changed
RIVISTA DI FOLKLORI E LITTIRATURA SICILIANI A R B A S I C U L A JOURNAL OF SICILIAN FOLKLORE & LITERATURE Diritturi-Editor GAETANO CIPOLLA CUNSIGGHIERI Ô DIRITTURI EDITORIAL BOARD Antina Lentini Babakhanian Antony F. Lazzara Salvatore Bancheri Antonio Pagano Alissandru Caldieru (CO-FOUNDER) Salvatore Paternò Cosimo Corsano Paolo Possiedi Nicolò d’Alessandro Antonino Provenzano Alfredo Danese Giuseppe Quatriglio Salvatore Di Marco Florence Russo Paolo Fiorentino Federico Vaccaro Mario Gallo Justin Vitiello Giovanna Jackson Jana Vizmuller-Zocco VOLUMI XXXII, NUMIRA 1 & 2, PRIMAVERA E STATI 2011 VOLUME XXXII, NUMBERS 1 & 2, SPRING & SUMMER 2011 © Copyright 2011 by ARBA SICULA, ISSN 0271-0730 Design and Camera-Ready Text by LEGAS ARBA SICULA è l’organu ufficiali dâ società siculu-americana dû stissu nomi ca si proponi comu obbiettivu principali di prisirvari, studiari, e promoviri a lingua e a cultura siciliani. ARBA SICULA è normalmenti pubblicata na vota l’annu in doppiu volumi versu settembri. Pi comunicari direttamenti cû diritturi, pi mannari materiali pâ rivista, pi l’abbunamenti e pi informazioni supra a nostra società, scriviti a Gaetano Cipolla, PO Box 149 Mineola, New York 11501. I materiali ricevuti non si restituisciunu si nun si manna puru na busta affrancata cû nomu e indirizzu. ABBUNAMENTI Cu si abbona a la rivista, diventa automaticamenti sociu di Arba Sicula. Cu n’abbunamentu annuali i soci ricivunu du nummira di Arba Sicula (unu, si pubblicamu un numiru doppiu) e dui di Sicilia Parra. Arba Sicula è na organizzazioni senza scopu di lucru. Abbunamenti fora dî Stati Uniti $40.00 Abbunamentu regolari $35.00 Anziani e studenti $30.00 ARBA SICULA is the official journal of the Sicilian-American organization by the same name whose principal objective is to preserve, study, and promote the language and culture of Sicily.