ISO 639-2 Language Code Lis
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EN 300 468 V1.3.1 (1997-09) European Standard (Telecommunications Series)
Draft EN 300 468 V1.3.1 (1997-09) European Standard (Telecommunications series) Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Specification for Service Information (SI) in DVB systems European Broadcasting Union Union Européenne de Radio-Télévision EBU UER European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2 Draft EN 300 468 V1.3.1 (1997-09) Reference REN/JTC-00DVB-43 (4c000j0o.PDF) Keywords DVB, broadcasting, digital, video, MPEG, TV ETSI Secretariat Postal address F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Office address 650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis Valbonne - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88 X.400 c= fr; a=atlas; p=etsi; s=secretariat Internet [email protected] http://www.etsi.fr Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. © European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1997. © European Broadcasting Union 1997. All rights reserved. 3 Draft EN 300 468 V1.3.1 (1997-09) Contents Intellectual Property Rights................................................................................................................................5 Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................5 1 Scope........................................................................................................................................................6 -
Standardisation Action Plan for Clarin
Standardisation Action Plan for Clarin State: Proposal to CLARIN community Nuria Bel, Jonas Beskow, Lou Boves, Gerhard Budin, Nicoletta Calzolari, Khalid Choukri, Erhard Hinrichs, Steven Krauwer, Lothar Lemnitzer, Stelios Piperidis, Adam Przepiorkowski, Laurent Romary, Florian Schiel, Helmut Schmidt, Hans Uszkoreit, Peter Wittenburg August 2009 Summary This document describes a proposal for a Standardisation Action Plan (SAP) for the Clarin initiative in close synchronization with other relevant initiatives such as Flarenet, ELRA, ISO and TEI. While Flarenet is oriented towards a broader scope since it is also addressing standards that are typically used in industry, CLARIN wants to be more focussed in its statements to the research domain. Due to the overlap it is agreed that the Flarenet and CLARIN documents on standards need to be closely synchronized. This note covers standards that are generic (XML, UNICODE) as well as standards that are domain specific where naturally the LRT community has much more influence. This Standardization Action Plan wants to give an orientation for all practical work in CLARIN to achieve a harmonized domain of language resources and technology stepwise and therefore its core message is to overcome fragmentation. To meet these goals it wants to keep its message as simple as possible. A web-site will be established that will contain more information about examples, guidelines, explanations, tools, converters and training events such as summer schools. The organization of the document is as follows: • Chapter 1: Introduction to the topic. • Chapter 2: Recommended standards that CLARIN should endorse page 4 • Chapter 3: Standards that are emerging and relevant for CLARIN page 8 • Chapter 4: General guidelines that need to be followed page 12 • Chapter 5: Reference to community practices page 14 • Chapter 6: References This document tries to be short and will give comments, recommendations and discuss open issues for each of the standards. -
Standards for Language Coding: the ISO 639 Family
Standards for language coding: the ISO 639 family Rebecca Guenther Library of Congress Jan. 8, 2010 ISO Standards development !! ISO consists of Technical Committees (TC) with subcommittees (SC) !! ISO language coding standards are maintained by !! TC 37/SC2 (Terminology and other language and content resources ) !! TC 46/SC4 (Information and documentation) LSA Annual Meeting 2 ISO 639 standards !! ISO 639-1: 2-character codes (136 codes) !! ISO 639-2: 3-character codes (450+) !! ISO 639-3: 3-character codes (7700+) !! ISO 639-4: principles !! ISO 639-5: 3-character codes (114) !! ISO 639-6: 4-character codes (??) LSA Annual Meeting 3 ISO 639 Joint Advisory Committee !! Established to advise the RAs for ISO 639-1 and ISO 639-2 !! Rotating chairs: Infoterm (for TC37) and Library of Congress (for TC46) !! Committee consists of 3 members of each TC, representatives of each registration authority and up to 6 observers !! Coordinates development of different parts of ISO 639 LSA Annual Meeting 4 ISO 639 language coding principles !! Language codes are not changed for stability of standard !! If a language code is retired it is not reassigned to something else !! Programming languages are not in scope !! Only deals with languages; codes from other ISO standards may be added as needed for more granularity, e.g. country codes, script codes LSA Annual Meeting 5 ISO 639-1 !! First published 1967 !! Covers major languages of the world !! Alpha-2 codes; only 676 possible combinations !! Developed for use in terminology applications !! Consists of -
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Arxiv:2011.02128V1 [Cs.CL] 4 Nov 2020
Cross-Lingual Machine Speech Chain for Javanese, Sundanese, Balinese, and Bataks Speech Recognition and Synthesis Sashi Novitasari1, Andros Tjandra1, Sakriani Sakti1;2, Satoshi Nakamura1;2 1Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Japan 2RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project AIP, Japan fsashi.novitasari.si3, tjandra.ai6, ssakti,[email protected] Abstract Even though over seven hundred ethnic languages are spoken in Indonesia, the available technology remains limited that could support communication within indigenous communities as well as with people outside the villages. As a result, indigenous communities still face isolation due to cultural barriers; languages continue to disappear. To accelerate communication, speech-to-speech translation (S2ST) technology is one approach that can overcome language barriers. However, S2ST systems require machine translation (MT), speech recognition (ASR), and synthesis (TTS) that rely heavily on supervised training and a broad set of language resources that can be difficult to collect from ethnic communities. Recently, a machine speech chain mechanism was proposed to enable ASR and TTS to assist each other in semi-supervised learning. The framework was initially implemented only for monolingual languages. In this study, we focus on developing speech recognition and synthesis for these Indonesian ethnic languages: Javanese, Sundanese, Balinese, and Bataks. We first separately train ASR and TTS of standard Indonesian in supervised training. We then develop ASR and TTS of ethnic languages by utilizing Indonesian ASR and TTS in a cross-lingual machine speech chain framework with only text or only speech data removing the need for paired speech-text data of those ethnic languages. Keywords: Indonesian ethnic languages, cross-lingual approach, machine speech chain, speech recognition and synthesis. -
Technical Study Desktop Internationalization
Technical Study Desktop Internationalization NIC CH A E L T S T U D Y [This page intentionally left blank] X/Open Technical Study Desktop Internationalisation X/Open Company Ltd. December 1995, X/Open Company Limited All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners. X/Open Technical Study Desktop Internationalisation X/Open Document Number: E501 Published by X/Open Company Ltd., U.K. Any comments relating to the material contained in this document may be submitted to X/Open at: X/Open Company Limited Apex Plaza Forbury Road Reading Berkshire, RG1 1AX United Kingdom or by Electronic Mail to: [email protected] ii X/Open Technical Study (1995) Contents Chapter 1 Internationalisation.............................................................................. 1 1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Character Sets and Encodings.................................................................. 2 1.3 The C Programming Language................................................................ 5 1.4 Internationalisation Support in POSIX .................................................. 6 1.5 Internationalisation Support in the X/Open CAE............................... 7 1.5.1 XPG4 Facilities......................................................................................... -
Tags for Identifying Languages File:///C:/W3/International/Draft-Langtags/Draft-Phillips-Lan
Tags for Identifying Languages file:///C:/w3/International/draft-langtags/draft-phillips-lan... Network Working Group A. Phillips, Ed. TOC Internet-Draft webMethods, Inc. Expires: October 7, 2004 M. Davis IBM April 8, 2004 Tags for Identifying Languages draft-phillips-langtags-02 Status of this Memo This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt. The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. This Internet-Draft will expire on October 7, 2004. Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2004). All Rights Reserved. Abstract This document describes a language tag for use in cases where it is desired to indicate the language used in an information object, how to register values for use in this language tag, and a construct for matching such language tags, including user defined extensions for private interchange. Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. The Language Tag 2.1 Syntax 2.2 Language Tag Sources 2.2.1 Pre-Existing RFC3066 Registrations 1 of 20 08/04/2004 11:03 Tags for Identifying Languages file:///C:/w3/International/draft-langtags/draft-phillips-lan.. -
The Structure of the Toba Batak Conversation Hilman
Singapore THE STRUCTURE OF THE TOBA BATAK CONVERSATIONS Hilman Pardede, Padang Sidempuan, May 25, 1960. He graduated from PressInternational English Program of North Sumatera THE STRUCTURE University in 1987. In the year of 1992 he took Magister Program in IKIP Malang, OF THE TOBA BATAK then he went to Doctoral Program in linguistics at North Sumatera University CONVERSATION in the year of 2007. In 2008, he attended a Sandwich Program in Aurbun THEBATAK CONVERSATION TOBA OF University, Alabama, USA. In 2010, he was a speaker in the International Seminar in Trang, Thailand. He presented a paper entitled “Adjecancy Pair in Toba STRUCTURE THE Batak”. HILMAN PARDEDE This book is about the structure of the Toba Batak Conversations. The structures are categorized as interaction and linguistics. The interaction structures are restricted to adjacency pairs and turn-taking, and the linguistic structure to phonological, grammatical and semantic completion point. There are some negative cases in the structure of Toba Batak conversations. These negative cases result from the Conversation HILMAN PARDEDE Analysis (CA) as a tool used to explain the interaction and linguistic structure in Toba Batak phenomena. ISBN: Singapore International Presss Singapore International Press 2012 THE STRUCTURE OF THE TOBA BATAK CONVERSATIONS Hilman Pardede Singapore International Press 2012 THE STRUCTURE OF THE TOBA BATAK CONVERSATIONS By Hilman Pardede, Ph.D A Lecturer in English Language Teaching for Universitas HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar – Medan, Indonesia @Hilman Pardede, Ph.D ISBN: First Edition 2012 Singapore Do not circulate this book or any part of it in any binding or form by means of any equipment without any legal permission from Hilman Pardede, Ph.D! Prodeo et Patricia 2 For Lissa Donna Manurung and Claudia Benedita Pardede 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my deep gratitude to all those who lent their assistance and advice in the preparation and publication of this book. -
API Dict 1 API Dict
API Dict 1 API Dict Get the list of available dictionaries Endpoint https:/ / api. pons. com/ v1/ dictionaries Building the request • We are expecting GET-Requests. • All other parameters have to be appended to the Endpoint-URL as request parameters. Name Type Description language Request-Parameter The language of the output (ISO 639-1 - two-letter codes). Supported languages are de,el,en,es,fr,it,pl,pt,ru,sl,tr,zh. Example using wget: wget -O - --no-check-certificate "https:/ / api. pons. com/ v1/ dictionaries?language=es" Response • The response is sent in JSON format (see below). • If an unsupported language was supplied, the response for the default language (english) will be delivered. Response content A list of available dictionaries: • key is the internal name of our dictionary. For two-language dictionaries, it should consist of the two languages ordered alphabetically. • simple_label is built this way: "[translated language1] «» [translated language2]" • directed_label should be used if there is a direction involved (for example when displaying search results). The direction is implied in the key (i.e. plde means pl » de). This applies only to some languages (see example - you could not use simple_label here) • languages is a list containing the languages of the dictionary. Please note that some dictionaries may have only one language (at the time of writing: dede, dedx). Example: [ { "key": "depl", "simple_label": "niemiecki «» polski", "directed_label": { "depl": "niemiecki » polski", "plde": "polski » niemiecki" }, "languages": [ "de", "pl" ] API Dict 2 }, [...] ] Query dictionary Endpoint https:/ / api. pons. com/ v1/ dictionary Building the request • We are expecting GET-Requests. • The request has to contain the credential (secret) in an HTTP-Header. -
Ethnologue: Languages of Honduras Twentieth Edition Data
Ethnologue: Languages of Honduras Twentieth edition data Gary F. Simons and Charles D. Fennig, Editors Based on information from the Ethnologue, 20th edition: Simons, Gary F. and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2017. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Twentieth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online: http://www.ethnologue.com. For personal use only Permission to distribute or reuse this work (in whole or in part) may be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center at http://www.copyright.com. SIL International, 7500 West Camp Wisdom Road, Dallas, Texas 75236-5699 USA Web: www.sil.org, Phone: +1 972 708 7404, Email: [email protected] Ethnologue: Languages of Honduras 2 Contents List of Abbreviations 3 How to Use This Digest 4 Country Overview 6 Language Status Profile 7 Statistical Summaries 8 Alphabetical Listing of Languages 11 Language Map 14 Languages by Population 15 Languages by Status 16 Languages by Department 18 Languages by Family 19 Language Code Index 20 Language Name Index 21 Bibliography 22 Copyright © 2017 by SIL International All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, redistributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without the prior written permission of SIL International, with the exception of brief excerpts in articles or reviews. Ethnologue: Languages of Honduras 3 List of Abbreviations A Agent in constituent word order alt. alternate name for alt. dial. alternate dialect name for C Consonant in canonical syllable patterns CDE Convention against Discrimination in Education (1960) Class Language classification CPPDCE Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions (2005) CSICH Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage (2003) dial. -
Datacite Metadata Kernel
DataCite ‐ International Data Citation DataCite Metadata Schema for the Publication and Citation of Research Data Version 2.1 March 2011 doi:10.5438/0003 Members of the Metadata Working Group Joan Starr, California Digital Library (head of working group) Jan Ashton, British Library Jan Brase, TIB / DataCite Paul Bracke, Purdue University Angela Gastl, ETH Zürich Jacqueline Gillet, Inist Alfred Heller, DTU Library Birthe Krog, DTU Library Lynne McAvoy, CISTI Karen Morgenroth, CISTI Elizabeth Newbold, British Library Madeleine de Smaele, TU Delft Anja Wilde, GESIS Scott Yeadon, ANDS Wolfgang Zenk‐Möltgen, GESIS Frauke Ziedorn, TIB (Metadata Supervisor) Table of Contents 1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 The DataCite Consortium....................................................................................................... 3 1.2 The Metadata Schema ........................................................................................................... 3 1.3 A Note about DataCite DOI registration ................................................................................ 4 1.4 Final Thoughts........................................................................................................................4 1.5 Version 2.1 Update ................................................................................................................ 4 2 DataCite Metadata Properties ....................................................................................................... -
[.35 **Natural Language Processing Class Here Computational Linguistics See Manual at 006.35 Vs
006 006 006 DeweyiDecimaliClassification006 006 [.35 **Natural language processing Class here computational linguistics See Manual at 006.35 vs. 410.285 *Use notation 019 from Table 1 as modified at 004.019 400 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 400 400 DeweyiDecimali400Classification Language 400 [400 [400 *‡Language Class here interdisciplinary works on language and literature For literature, see 800; for rhetoric, see 808. For the language of a specific discipline or subject, see the discipline or subject, plus notation 014 from Table 1, e.g., language of science 501.4 (Option A: To give local emphasis or a shorter number to a specific language, class in 410, where full instructions appear (Option B: To give local emphasis or a shorter number to a specific language, place before 420 through use of a letter or other symbol. Full instructions appear under 420–490) 400 DeweyiDecimali400Classification Language 400 SUMMARY [401–409 Standard subdivisions and bilingualism [410 Linguistics [420 English and Old English (Anglo-Saxon) [430 German and related languages [440 French and related Romance languages [450 Italian, Dalmatian, Romanian, Rhaetian, Sardinian, Corsican [460 Spanish, Portuguese, Galician [470 Latin and related Italic languages [480 Classical Greek and related Hellenic languages [490 Other languages 401 DeweyiDecimali401Classification Language 401 [401 *‡Philosophy and theory See Manual at 401 vs. 121.68, 149.94, 410.1 401 DeweyiDecimali401Classification Language 401 [.3 *‡International languages Class here universal languages; general -
Les Drapeaux Des Langues Construites
Les Drapeaux des Langues Construites Patrice de La Condamine Résumé Depuis toujours, les hommes oscillent entre la préservation de leurs identités particulières et leur besoin d’appartenance à des communautés globales. L’idée d’universel et de recherche de la “fusion des origines” hante leur cœur. Dans cet esprit, des langues construites ont été élaborées. Qu’elles soient à vocation auxiliaire ou internationale, destinées à de vastes aires culturelles ou à but strictement philosophique. Des noms connus comme Volapük, Espéranto, Ido, Bolak, Interlingua, Occidental. Mais aussi Glosa, Kotava, Lingua Franca Nova, Atlango. Ou encore Folskpraat, Slovio, Nordien, Afrihili, Slovianski, Hedšdël. Sans parler du langage philosophique Lojban1. Le plus intéressant est de constater que toutes ces langues ont des drapeaux qui traduisent les messages et idéaux des groupes en question! La connaissance des drapeaux des langues construites est primordiale pour plusieurs raisons: elle nous permet de comprendre que tous les drapeaux sans exception délivrent des messages d’une part; que l’existence des drapeaux n’est pas forcément liée à l’unique notion de territoire d’autre part. Le drapeau est d’abord et avant tout, à travers son dessin et ses couleurs, un “territoire mental”. Après avoir montré et expliqué ces différents drapeaux2, nous conclurons avec la présentation du drapeau des Conlang, sorte d’ONU des Langues construites! Folkspraak Proceedings of the 24th International Congress of Vexillology, Washington, D.C., USA 1–5 August 2011 © 2011 North American Vexillological Association (www.nava.org) 1 Sélection de noms parmi d’autres. 2 Une trentaine environ. 175 LES DRAPEAUX DES LANGUES CONSTRUITES introduction A nous tous qui sommes réunis ici pour ce XXIVème Congrès International de la vexillologie à Washington, personne n’a plus besoin d’expliquer la nécessité vitale qu’ont les hommes de se représenter au moyen d’emblèmes, et nous savons la place primordiale qu’occupent les drapeaux dans cette fonction.